- published: 18 Feb 2012
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![Abbottabad [The City Of Pines and Hills ] Documentary HD](http://web.archive.org./web/20130122043221im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/9PoRThzti-8/default.jpg "■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ █▓▒░► ABBOTTABAD HAZARA PAKISTAN ◄░▒▓█ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Is a city located in the Hazara region of the controversial Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1260 metres (4134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. It borders Pakistan Occupied Kashmir to the east. While the city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments, it is more well-known in the rest of the world for being the site of Osama bin Laden's compound where he was killed in 2011 Thanks You ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ █▓▒░►..... . SAJID HUSSAIN SHAH .....◄░▒▓█ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■")
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Abbottabad
Abbottabad /əˈbɒtəbɑːd/ (Urdu, Hindko: ایبٹ آباد Ābṭābād [aːbʈaːˈbaːd̪]) is a city located in the Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1,260 metres (4,134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. It borders Azad Kashmir to the east. The city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments.
The town of Abbottabad, under the British Raj, was the headquarters of the Hazara District during British rule of India. It was named after Major James Abbott who founded the town and district in January 1853 after the annexation of Punjab. He remained the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara district from 1849 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having written a poem titled "Abbottabad", before he went back to Britain, in which he wrote of his fondness for the town and his sadness at having to leave it. In the early 20th century, Abbottabad became an important military cantonment and sanatorium, serving as the headquarters of a brigade in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps. The garrison consisted of four battalions of native infantry, of the Frontier Force (including the 5th Gurkha Rifles) and two native mountain batteries.
wn.com/Abbottabad -
Abbottabad Central
Abbottabad Central (سنترال ) is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Located in Abbottabad city, the capital of the district, it borders the following union councils: Malikpura Urban to the north and west, by Salhad to the south and by Dhamtour to the east. Shoukat Ali is the currently the nazim.
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Abbottabad District
Abbottabad (Urdu: ضلع ایبٹ آباد) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The district covers an area of 1,969 km with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town. Neighbouring districts are Mansehra to the north, Muzaffarabad to the east, Haripur to the west, and Rawalpindi to the south.
The district is named after Major James Abbott, the first deputy commissioner of Hazara (1849–1853).
During British rule Abbottabad became the capital of Hazara division, which was named after and contained the Hazara valley, a small valley in the outermost Himalayas, between the Indus in the west and Kashmir in the east.
The current Abbottabad District was originally a tehsil of Hazara, the Imperial Gazetteer of India described it as follows:
As Hazara District covered a large area, the provincial government decided for administrative purposes to divide Hazara into Abbottabad, Mansehra, Kohistan, Haripur and Batagram districts. In 1981 Hazara was divided and Abbottabad was formed as a district with two tehsils. In 1981 the total area of District Abbottabad was 3,665 square miles (9,490 km2) with a population of 977,212. Tehsil Abbottabad (a sub division of the district) – had an area of 1,802-square-mile (4,670 km2) and a population of 667,328 including 51% of Circle Bakote. In 1990 the total population of the district was 1,425,032 including Circle Bakote 43%.
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Abbottabad Tehsil
Abbottabad Tehsil (Urdu: تحصیل ایبٹ آباد) is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Abbottabad District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
During British rule, the current district of Abbottabad was created as a Tehsil of Hazara District, after the independence of Pakistan it remained a tehsil of Hazara until 1981 when the old Abbottabad Tehsil became a district, containing two tehsils - Abbottabad and Havelian.
The city of Abbottabad, as well as being district headquarters, serves as tehsil headquarters, the tehsil is subdivided into 35 Union Councils these are:
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Attock
Attock (Urdu: اٹک) (formerly Campbellpur) is a city located in the northern border of the Punjab province of Pakistan and the headquarters of Attock District. In the 1901 census, Attock was reported to have had a population of 2866 people, a figure which has grown dramatically during the 20th century with 69,588 reported in the 1998 census and contemporary estimates approaching 100,000.
It is located on the bank of the Indus, just 80 km (50 mi) from Rawalpindi, 100 km (62 mi) from Peshawar, and 10 km (6 mi) from the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra.
Gandhara was a historic region of ancient India (which corresponds to areas of north west Pakistan including Attock). Situated astride the middle Indus River, the region had Taxila and Peshawar as its chief cities. It was originally a province of the Persian Empire and was reached (327 B.C.) by Alexander the Great. The region passed to Chandragupta, founder of the Maurya empire, in the late 4th century B.C., and under Asoka was converted (mid-3d cent.) to Buddhism. It was part of Bactria from the late 3d cent. to the 1st cent. B.C. Under the Kushan dynasty (1st cent.–3d cent. A.D.), and especially under Kanishka, Gandhara developed a noted school of sculpture, consisting mainly of images of Buddha and relief’s representing scenes from Buddhist texts, but with marked Greco-Roman elements of style. The art form flourished in Gandhara until the 5th century, when the region was conquered by the Huns.
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Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Urdu: آزاد جموں و کشمیر, Azaad Jammu o- Kashmir, literally Free Jammu and Kashmir ; AJK) or Azad Kashmir (literally Free Kashmir) for short, is the southernmost political entity within the Pakistani-administered part of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. It borders the present-day Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir to the east (separated from it by the Line of Control), Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa to the west, Gilgit–Baltistan to the north, and the Punjab province to the south. With its capital at Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir covers an area of 13,297 square kilometres (5,134 sq mi) and has an estimated population of about four million. Brad Adams the Asia director at Human Rights Watch has said in 2006
Although ‘azad’ means ‘free,’ the residents of Azad Kashmir are anything but, The Pakistani authorities govern Azad Kashmir with strict controls on basic freedoms.
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan together constitute the disputed region, referred to as Pakistan-administered Kashmir by the United Nations and other international organisations, and as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in India in contrast to the name Indian-occupied Kashmir which is given to the Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistan. The territories have been under control of the two countries since the first Kashmir war after which Azad Kashmir was successfully captured from the princely state by the rebelling militias with the help of Pakistan army.
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Bagnotar
Bagnotar is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Bagnator is situated on the Abbottabad-Nathi Gali Road some 20 kilometres away from Abbottabad.
The newly formed union council of Bagnotar is situated in the central part of Abbottabad District in Abbottabad Tehsil, and lies to the south east of Abbottabad city – the capital city of the district. The main tribes of Bagnotar are the Jadoon and Sardars Tribes. Bagnotar is bounded by the following union councils, to the north by Sarbhana, and Beerangali, to the east Nagri Bala & Nathiagali, and to the south by Namli Maira and Phalkot, and to the west by Bagh.
Bagnotar town has an elevation of 1775 metres, and is located approximately 16 km from Abbottabad on the Abbottabad-Murree Road. A lush green valley full of pines.
On 8 October 2005 various parts of Abbottabad District were affected by the massive earthquake, although unlike neighbouring Kashmir the loss in human life was relatively low in this area, the death toll was recorded as 511, with 622 injured. Although the impact on infrastructure was still severe.
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Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur (Urdu, Saraiki: بہاولپور), located in Punjab, is the twelfth largest city in Pakistan. The city was once the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur. The city was home to various Nawabs (rulers) and counted as part of the Rajputana states (now Rajasthan, India). The city is known for its famous palaces such as the Noor Mahal, Sadiq Ghar Palace, and Darbar Mahal, as well as the ancient fort of Derawar in the Cholistan Desert bordering India. The city is located near the historical and ancient cities of Uch and Harappa, which were once a stronghold of the Delhi Sultanate and Indus Valley Civilisation. The city is home to one of the few natural safari parks in Pakistan, Lal Suhanra National Park.
In 2007, the city's population was recorded to have risen to 798,509 from 403,408 in 1998.Punjabi and Saraiki are the major languages of local people, while Urdu is well understood and English is the official languages used in various educational and government institutions. Bahawalpur is located south of the Sutlej River and lies in the Cholistan region near the Thar Desert. It is situated 90 km from Multan, 420 km from Lahore, and 270 km from Faisalabad.
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Bakot
Bakot is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It has an average elevation of 645 metres. The main and big villages are Aliabad, khann, Molia, Nakkar, Sangal and khann Khord.
The Union Council of Bakot contains the graves of four Muslim saints including Hadhrat Molana Pir Fakir-u-llah Bakoti, the famous saint of the area.
By 1901, a Zimindari School had been established in Bakote with 56 students, the first being famous Khakha Bumba Tribal Chief Sardar Hasan Ali Khan. The first journalist of Circle Bakote, "Qazi Hadayetullah", was from Bakot; he worked for 23 years at the Daily Zimidar Lahore (1932–52).
Union Council Bakot has these main villages:
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Baldheri
Baldheri is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, the union council of Baldheri is named after the main village of the area. The population of Baldheri Union Council is 14,796.
The village of Baldheri itself is situated at 34°15'0N 73°12'0E which is about 11 km east of Abbottabad city centre on the route towards Mansehra on the main Mansehra Road. Geographically Mansehra lies directly to the north, but the hilly terrain results in these winding roads, hence Baldheri is en route to Mansehra from Abbottabad city.
Baldheri has an average elevation of 1143 metres (3753 feet). The area covered by Baldheri union council, is between Ferozabad village to Tanan Village and Mangal to Halmaira.
The Union Council of Baldheri is subdivided into the following areas: Baldheri, Gojri, Hal Maira Uta, Hal Maira Tarta, Jalalpura, More Kalan, Sajikot and Tannan
Qalandarabad is major town in Baldheri Union Council and is famous throughout Hazara for its Chapal Kebabs. Bach Christian Hospital is situated in the town. Some of the very famous Lawyers of Abbottabad used to live in Qalandarabad such as Adam Khan Jadoon, Muhammad Zahoor Khan and Shahid Kamal. Qalandarabad is not only famous for its chapal kababs but also for the hospitality of the natives. All facilities are available in Qalandarabad, but there is no government hospital or girls' school.
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Banda Pir Khan
Banda Pir Khan is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
It is located in the north of the district (to the north west of Abbottabad city) near the border with Mansehra District. The population of Banda Pir Khan is 25,385.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Band Pir Khan, Bandi Dhundan, Samesar and Tarnawai. Qalandarabad is the main junction of union council, Banda Pir Khan is the major village in the union council and they belong to great families. This village was declared a model village and with a 100% literacy rate.
Historically Bandi Pir Khan was part of old Mangal Ilaka (area) of Abbottabad Tehsil. Mangal Ilaka includes 12 large villages of which Banda Pir Khan, Baldheri, Bhandi dundhan, Turnawai, and Jalalpura were the largest. Jadoons (Hassazai), Awans, Tanolis, Gujar tribes reside in the present Banda Pir Khan union council of the old Mangal Ilaka.
Qalandarabad is the main village and junction of this U/C Banda Pir Khan.
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Bandi Atti Khan
Bandi Atai Khan (also known as Banda Attai Khan) is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Bandi Atai Khan is situated in the south of the district at 34°02'60"N, 73°13'0"E, it has an average elevation of 1035 metres (3398 feet).
Pakistan Oriental Public School Phullan Wali
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Bara Gali
Bara Gali is one of the mountain resort towns of the Galyat and Ayubia National Park, at an altitude of 2,350 metres (7,710 ft). It is located in the Abbottabad District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in northern Pakistan
The town lies on the road between Abbottabad and Murree, is 15 miles (24 km) from Abbottabad, and 25 miles (40 km) from Murree. .
Bara Gali is the summer campus of the University of Peshawar
During British Rule, Bara Gali was a small cantonment that was occupied in the hot summer months it by one of the British mountain batteries which were stationed at Rawalpindi in the winter.
Coordinates: 34°6′0″N 73°21′0″E / 34.1°N 73.35°E / 34.1; 73.35
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Beeran Gali
Beeran Gali (also known as Berin Gali or Baran Gali) is a Union Council of Abbottabad District, in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. located approximately 20 km from Abbottabad city.
This area was historically known as Baad Burhan and is mentioned by Al Biruni in his famous book Ta'rikh al-Hind, The Chronicles of India, from 1030. Al Biruni describes Baad Burhan as a beautiful area.
The area is situated between two mountains, Thandiani and Miranjani. It is located at 34°11'40N 73°21'50E and has an average elevation of 2176 metres (7142 feet) above sea-level.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Andarseri, Beerangali and Jhafar.
Its population numbers about 12,300. Ethnically, the two main tribes are the Karlal or 'Kiraal' and the Quraishi. In popular local lore, the inhabitants of this area are particularly courageous. According to the author of Hazra Gazetteers, the people of this area had not accepted the British rule, and were found to be most resistant till 1947. There are two high schools, one each for boys and girls as well as numerous middle and primary schools.
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Berote Kalan
Birote Kalan or Birote is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
The name of the union council Birote means the land of wrestlers. The words Khurd and Kalan (little and big) are administrative terminology dating back to Mughal times - to differentiate two areas with the same name, hence Birote Khurd means little Khurd. The words Khurd (small) and Kalan (Big) are taken form Persian.(cf. Britannia major, "Greater Britain" and Britannia minor "Lesser Britain").
Birote Kalan is located in the south eastern part of Abbottabad District and borders the Bagh District of Kashmir and consequently was affected by the 2005 Pakistan earthquake as the epicentre was in Kashmir.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Berote Kalan, Berote Khurd, Kahoo Gharbi and Kahoo Sharqi.
Mohammed Reaz, a teacher of Kahoo Sharqi, provided internet access to earthquake survivors at Rs. 20 to search names in website , which was below the usual rate of Rs. 100/. It is worth mentioned that ERRA official and lack of information to earthquake effects disturbed them and no one help them in this regard. People of Berote Kalan were paying happily to Teacher Mohammed Reaz. He is earning more than Rs. 1,000/= daily to people. This is first time in UC Birote a private internet facility providing to public in the first week of Jan. 2007.
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Bhimber
Bhimber (Urdu: بھمبر) is the chief town of Bhimber District, Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. The town is situated on the border between Azad Kashmir and Pakistan at a distance of about 50 km from Mirpur, about 48 km from Gujrat, about 37 km from Jhelum, about 166 km from Islamabad and about 241 km from Srinagar.
Famous Chinese tourist Hune Sang has talked about Bhimber in his journeys in seventh century A.D. For centuries, Bhimber has remained as capital city of Chibhal. Raja Chib Chand who was the first Chib came to Bhimber about 1400 years ago. In Chibs, the first who embraced Islam was Sirsadi who is famous as Hazrat Baba Shadi Shaheed. He died during the reign of King Aurangzeb Alamgir. The last ruler of Chibhals was Raja Sultan Khan (1800-1840). Bhimber has been important strategically. It lies on the route that was followed by the Mughal Emperors for their frequent visits to the Kashmir Valley. It is also known as "Baab-e-Kashmir" (Door to Kashmir) because of its importance and geographical location which was ideal for Mughal Emperors to enter Kashmir. Therefore, the Mughals used Bhimber as a staging point for journey to Srinagar. Mughal Emperor Jahangir discussed Bhimber in his book Tuzk-e-Jahangiri.
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Chakwal
Coordinates: 32°55′49″N 72°51′20″E / 32.93028°N 72.85556°E / 32.93028; 72.85556
Chakwal (Punjabi, Urdu: چکوال) is the capital of Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located 90 km south-east of the federal capital, Islamabad and is named after Chaudhary Chaku Khan, chief of the Mair Minhas tribe from Jammu, who founded it in 1525 CE during the era of the Mughal Emperor, Zaheerudun Babur. It remained a small but central town of the Dhan Chaurasi Taluka for many centuries. In 1881, during the British era, it was declared the Tehsil Headquarters. It was finally upgraded to district status in 1985. The area of Chakwal city is about 10 square kilometres.[citation needed]
Chakwal is located in the Dhanni region of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab, Pakistan. The Pothohar Plateau (also spelled Potwar or Potohar) (Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار) was the home of the ancient Soan valley civilization, which is evidenced by the discovery of fossils, tools, coins, and remains of ancient archaeological sites. The Indus Valley civilization flourished in this region between the 23rd and 18th centuries BC. Some of the earliest Stone Age artefacts in the world have been found on the plateau, dating from 500,000 to 100,000 years ago. The crude stone recovered from the terraces of the Soan testify to human endeavour in this part of the world from the inter-glacial period.
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Chaman
Chaman (also spelt Chamman) (Pashto/Urdu: چمن ) is the capital of Qilla Abdullah District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is situated just south of the border with Afghanistan. Across the border in Afghanistan is the neighbouring town of Spin Boldak, in Kandahar Province. The city has a population of 20,000, several thousand of whom are Hindu.
Chaman has a railway station which accommodates services with Kandahar as well as other parts of Afghanistan. A slow passenger train runs between Chaman and Quetta daily. In 2008, it was proposed to extend this railway through Afghanistan to Central Asia.[citation needed] Chaman is among the most beautiful places in the world with good naturist environment.
The town is an important trade point in the Balochistan region, providing a gateway on the trade routes between Afghanistan and Karachi. It underwent development during the martial law period of the 1980s.
Chaman has been known for its football since the 1940s, and is home to Afghan FC, which plays in the Pakistan Premier League, and the Muslim Football Club. The Jamal Nasir Shaheed Stadium is located in the town.
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Chamhad
Chamad (also known as Chamhad) is one of the 51 Union Councils (subdivisions) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Chamad is located at 34°7'0N 73°4'60E, in the west of the district where it forms part of Abbottabad's border with Haripur District. It has an average elevation of 870 metres (2857 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Patian, Baghdara and Talhad
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Khani Thathiara, Shadial, Chamhad, Fateh Bandi, Sarbangala, Chamak Mera, Bagh Darah, Bermgali, Bisala, Mohal, Baln Seri, Bain Noora, Bain Gojra, Bothiala, Jattal, Baghati, Thana, Kasaki Khurd, Kasaki Kalan, Daroparh and Bhoraj. in bain noora there is most social energetic active,prominent, loving prsonality is MR MUHAMMAD AMIR MALIK play a vital role in politics and socil sector
s yed, fasil.gillani.president.P.M.L[N] U.C .CHAMHAD.ABBOTTABAD 03135881003....
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Chiniot
Chiniot (Punjabi, Urdu: چنیوٹ) is a city and administration headquarter of Chiniot District, in the state of Punjab, Pakistan. Located between the heart of river Chenab with the heads of small rocky hills, it is known for its wooden furniture architecture which has a great attraction in all over the world.
"Chiniot" derives from the Punjabi, Chan and ote, means "Moon" and "behind", compound to mean "Behind the Moon". Its name mean also used as "Behind the Moon without light".
Chiniot city lies on left bank of the Chenab River inside the small rocky hills, giving a tourism sight and a great attractions for tourists. It is located at the point where Faisalabad-Sargodha road and Lahore-Jhang road meetup each other. It is 158 kilometers in the Northwest from Lahore and 38 kilometers in North of Faisalabad. Chiniot city is spread over an area of 10 square kilometers with an average elevation of 179 meters (587 ft). Chiniot is located at Latitude: 31.7200 and Longitude: 72.9789.
Chiniot lies on the left bank of river Chenab, with the rocky hills at the northern side between the river and city. On the other side of river, Chenab Nagar (previously Rabwah) city is located covered with the rocks is a great sight. In the center of river a (Committed) worship center (or Chilla Gah) of a great Muslim's Sufi Bu Ali Shah Qalandar is located.
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Chitral
Coordinates: 35°50′N 71°47′E / 35.833°N 71.783°E / 35.833; 71.783
Chitral or Chetrar (Urdu: چترال) (Khowar:چھترار) (Persian: چیترال), translated as field in the native language Khowar, is the capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Kunar River (also called Chitral River), in Pakistan. The town is at the foot of Tirich Mir, the highest peak of the Hindu Kush, 25,289 ft (7,708 m) high. It has a population of 20,000, while the district (of 14,833 km² or 5,727 sq mi), has a population of 300,000. The altitude of the valley is 3,700 ft (1,100 m).
The easiest access to Chitral is in the southwest along the Chitral or Kunar Valley towards Jalalabad. This route is open all year and provides direct access to Kabul. However the Pakistan–Afghanistan border (Durand Line) prevents this being used as an internal route to Peshawar and the south. The other routes are over mountain passes. To the south, the Lowari Pass (3,200 m or 10,499 ft) leads 365 km (227 mi) to Peshawar. In the north, the easiest route during summer runs over the Broghol Pass (3,798 m or 12,460 ft) to Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor, however during winter this route is usually closed. To the east, there is a 405 kilometres (252 mi) route to Gilgit over the 3,719 metres (12,201 ft) Shandur Pass. In the west, the 4,300 metres (14,100 ft) Dorah Pass provides an additional route to Afghanistan. The territory is home to rare falcons and the snow leopard, and is cut off by snow from the rest of the country for six months a year, a problem soon to be relieved by the completion of the Lowari Tunnel which will reduce transit time to Chitral as well as allow the district to be connected to the rest of the country even during the cold winter months.
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Dalola
Dalola is one of the 51 union councils (sub-divisions) of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Dalola is located at 34°21'20N 73°23'50E and has an average elevation of 798 metres (2621 ft). Dalola is the most north-eastern part of the district, it borders U.C Karnol & Garhi Habibullah of Mansehra District to the north and the River Kunhar and Muzaffarabad District of Kashmir to the east. To the south lies U.C Boi and to the west situated Tarnawai (U.C Banda Pir Khan). It was hit quite badly by the 2005 Pakistan Earthquake.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Dabban, Dalola and Naroka. The total area of U.C Dalola is 8,514 acres (34.45 km2) of which Dalola proper is(6172 acres), Dabban (1689 acres) and Naroka (653 acres). Total population according to 1998 census was 18900 with literacy rate of 43%.
Dalola is named after Sikh which indicates Sikh presence in the area during early 19th century. However their presence was nominal as all the surrounding hills were occupied by Muslim tribes. When Sikh lost their territories all our Hazara and Punjab during Anglo Sikh war (1845-46) they were either killed by hill tribes or narrowly escaped from their persecution. These tribes captured and divided lands among themselves and which they still hold. During British rule the area remain semi independent paying revenue like rest of Hazara tribes and despite many attempts by Khan of Garhi and Sultan of Boi to capture Dalola, it was never subdued or came under their influence.
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Dewal Manal
Dewal Manal is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The main tribe of this Union Council is the Karlal and awan the main subcaste is the Bolakial.
The village of Dewal Manal is situated in the Dhun <دهن> valley the valley of sardars (ibrahimnagar). The word dewal came from an Urdu word Dewalia <ديواليه>. This name was because there were many wars fought. The village has been destroyed many times. During British rule the village was a command center for the Karlal and many tribes of Hazara people. During British rule the chief was Sardar Hassan Ali Khan, accompanied by his brother Sardar Nawab Khan. As the Karlal opposed British rule and caused trouble, the British made a fort at Nara above the village.
Dewal Manal is located in the southern part of Abbottabad District and borders Nara and Seer Gharbi (to the South), Nathia Gali and Nagri Bala to the east, and Garhi Phulgran to the west and north. The area is scenic, with mountains, pine trees, and lakes, such as Jandar Lake.
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Dhamtour
Dhamtour is a village and union council located in Abbottabad District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
'Please Include only Nationally and Internationally Recognised People Here
Dhamtour has an average elevation of 1110 metres (3645). It is situated to the west of Abbottabad city, and borders Sheikh-ul-Bandi to the north and Nagri Bala to the south.
In Dhamtaur, there is a ziarat of Jamal Ghazi, which is frequented by both Muslims and Hindus during both Eid celebrations and on the 1st day of Baisakh. Other festivals include the urs mubarak of Hazrat Saeen Mulapat baba sarkar who was a famous saint of that area which is celebrated for one week each year in February. The Hindus of the vicinity assemble to feast and enjoy themselves. The Muslims, along with engaging in these activities, present offerings at the shrine. The assemblies last three days each and around 800 people attend them.
The Union Council of Dhamtour is divided into the following areas: Banda Bazdar, Bandi Shoalian, Dhamtour, Guldhok, Jaswal, Nagaki, and Ukhreela.
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Dunga Gali
Dunga Gali or Doonga Gali is one of the tourist mountain resort towns of the Galyat area of Ayubia National Park, at an altitude of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) in northern Pakistan Dunga Gali is located in Nathia Gali Union Council (subdivision) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.
During British rule Dunga Gali hill station served as a sanatorium and contained a hotel, post office and a small church. The area was visited by Europeans during summer, who also had houses on the southern slopes of the nearby Mukeshpuri Mountain.
Mukeshpuri Mountain
Coordinates: 34°03′20″N 73°25′0″E / 34.05556°N 73.416667°E / 34.05556; 73.416667
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Faisalabad
Faisalabad, (Urdu: فیصل آباد) formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan.
Nicknamed the Manchester of Asia, Faisalabad remains an important industrial city west of Lahore. The city-district of Faisalabad is bound on the north by the districts of Hafizabad and Chiniot, on the east by Nankana Sahib, on the south by Sahiwal, and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.
The city is at a road and railway junction, which has played an influential role in the development of Faisalabad's trade and economy. The surrounding countryside, irrigated by the Lower Chenab River, has seen expanded production of cotton, wheat, sugarcane, vegetables, and fruits, which form 55% of Pakistan's exports. The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards, engineering works, and mills that process sugar, flour, and oil seed. Produce includes superphosphates, cotton and silk textiles, hosiery, dyes, industrial chemicals, beverages, apparels, pulp and paper, printing, agricultural equipment, and ghee (clarified butter). Faisalabad is the site of the prestigious University of Agriculture, founded in 1909.
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Ghari Phulgran
Garhi Phulgran is one of the 51 union councils (administrative subdivisions) of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
The Union Council is divided into the following areas: Garhi Phulgran, Takia Sheikhan,Banda Sheikhan, Ghora Bazgram, Harnara, Kiala, Mannan, Rajoya and Thith Ochar. Until the local government reforms of 2000, Rajoya was a separate union council.
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Gilgit
Gilgit (Urdu, Shina: گلگت) is the capital city of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. Gilgit City forms a tehsil of Gilgit, within Gilgit District. Its ancient name was Sargin, later to be known as Gilit, and it is still called Gilit or Sargin-Gilit by local people. In the Burushaski language, it is named Geelt and in Wakhi and Khowar it is called Gilt. Ghallata is considered its name in ancient Sanskrit literature. Gilgit City is one of the two major hubs in Gilgit Baltistan for mountaineering expeditions to the Karakoram and other the peaks in the Himalayas, the other hub being Skardu.[citation needed]
Gilgit was an important city on the Silk Road, along which Buddhism was spread from South Asia to the rest of Asia.[citation needed]
The Dards and Chinas appear in many of the old Pauranic lists of peoples who lived in the region, with the former also mentioned in Ptolemy's accounts of the region. Two famous travellers, Faxian and Xuanzang, traversed Gilgit according to their accounts.[citation needed]
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Goreeni
Goreeni is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Goreeni is located in the South of Abbottabad district and forms part of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's border with Punjab province where it borders Murree Tehsil of Rawalpindi District.
The Union Council of Goreeni is divided into the following areas: Bagla, Bajarian, Banwari, Danah, Goreeni, Kotal, Palasi and Surna Garhage.
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Gujar Khan
Gujar Khan (Urdu: گوجرخان ) is a city in Rawalpindi District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the headquarters of Gujar Khan Tehsil, the largest tehsil of Punjab. It is approximately 55 kilometres southeast of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan and 220 km to the north west of Lahore, capital of Punjab. Gujar Khan is bounded on the north by Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Attock, on the south by Jhelum, Lahore and Gujrat, on the east by Azad Kashmir and Kahuta and on the west by Chakwal and Khushab. The city has a population of approximately 73,000. Gujar Khan lies at the heart of the Pothohar cultural region. The area has considerable natural resources in the form of petroleum and natural gas.
The place was named after Gujjars, while they formerly ruled the Gurjara Pratihara Kingdom for centuries.
The Region is also the ancestral land of all the Kukhrains of India. these include the sub castes of Anand, Bhasin, Suri, Bhalla, Sethi, Ghandhoke, Chadha, Kohli. Many famous Indians (Including the current prime minister, Dr Manmohan Singh) are ancestrally from this region.
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Gujranwala
Gujranwala (Punjabi, Urdu: گوجرانوالہ ) is an industrial city in the north-east of the Punjab province. It is the 7th largest city in Pakistan with a population of approximately 2,661,360 as on 24 June 2011 (Extrapolated from a population of 1,415,711 in 2006 and a population of 2,569,090 on February 4, 2011). Gujranwala is located at 32.16° North, 74.18° East and is 226 metres (744 ft) above sea level. It shares borders with Ghakhar Mandi, Alipur Chatha, kamonke and some small towns and villages. Punjabi is the local language, but English and Urdu are also common, particularly in schools and offices. Due to extensive road and rail links the city has flourished within the manufacturing and agricultural markets. The city is on the Grand Trunk Road, which allows logistical connections to the provincial capitals such as Peshawar and Lahore and also to the capital of Pakistan Islamabad.It is in between Lahore and [Gujrat,Wazirabad]. its small and medium industries. Gujranwala is known for its extensive production of sugarcane, melons and grains for international export.Gujranwala exports one of the world's finest quality Rice. The city has set up several commercial and industrial centres allowing the manufacturing of ceramics,Fans,electrical switch gears,engineering tools,Agricultural/earth moving machinery, steel, cutlery, crockery, iron safes, metal tool, utensils, textiles,Wollen Sweaters, sanitary Fittings and tannery production. The city has produced some of the finest wrestlers and bodybuilders of the subcontinent, which has resulted in the nickname 'City of wrestlers' or Phelwana da shehar in Punjabi. The city is also the birthplace of the legendary Sikh warrior-king, Ranjit Singh.
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Gujrat
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: گجرات) is a city in Pakistan. It is the capital of Gujrat District and the Gujrat Tehsil subdivision in the Punjab Province. The major sources of livelihood among the Gujrat populace are agriculture and small industries. Gujrat is also known as the city of King Porus.
Gujrat is situated on the bank of Chenab River, situated about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Lahore, the capital city of Punjab province, and 150 kilometres (93 mi) from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. Prominent nearby locations include Jalalpur Jattan, Jhelum, Gujranwala, Mandi Bahauddin, Sialkot, Lalamusa and Bhimber-Azad Kashmir. The city is surrounded by many villages and towns, which supply significant labour to the local market.
Gujrat was founded by Raja Bachhan Pal Gurjar in 460 BC, according to General Cunningham, the British historian. Historical consensus is that it existed in the time of Alexander the Great, and that the city's Raja Porus put up a fierce challenge to Alexander's invasion at the bank of the Jehlum River. The establishment of Gujrat City was realised early in the 19th century after the British Empire and in support of regional landlords (e.g., Daswandi Khan of Daswandi Pura).
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Gwadar
Coordinates: 25°07′35″N 62°19′21″E / 25.12639°N 62.3225°E / 25.12639; 62.3225
Gwadar (Baloch and Urdu: گوادر; Arabic: جوادر) is a port city on the Arabian Sea in the south-west of Pakistan. It is the district capital of Gwadar District in Balochistan province as well as its winter capital.
Gwadar is strategically located at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the mouth of the Gulf of Oman. The city's strategic, warm-water, deep-sea Gwadar Port was completed in 2007. The port is 14 metres (46 ft) deep and handles the largest cargo ships to Pakistan. The city is emerging as a trade hub and a transit for Chinese oil and timber imports and transshipments. The city has also been taking an increasing role in China's String of Pearls.
Gwadar is one of the few planned cities in Pakistan (others being Faisalabad, Jauharabad, and Islamabad), which have been developed from scratch under an urban master plan. Before development, the town was a fishing village.
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Hasan Abdal
Hasan Abdal (Pashto/Urdu: حسن ابدال) is an historic town in Northern Punjab, Pakistan. It is located where the Grand Trunk Road meets the Karakoram Highway near the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, northwest of Wah. It is 40 km northwest of Rawalpindi. It has a population of about over 50,000. It is famous for Gurdwara Sri Panja Sahib, one of the most sacred places of Sikhism. Thousands of Sikhs visit the Gurudwara on the eve of Besakhi every year. The other historical place is a tomb erroneously called Lala Rukh Tomb. There is a grave inside a square walled Garden and a fresh water fish pond near the tomb. On the nearby hill there is a meditation chamber attributed to a saint Baba Hasan Abdal also known as Baba Wali Kandhari with local folklores. The city is named after this saint.
The famous Chinese traveler Hiouen Thsang who visited the place in the 7th century A.D. mentions the sacred spring of Elapatra about 70 li to the northwest of Taxila which is identical to the one at the current site of Gurdwara Panja Sahib.
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Havelian
Havelian is the second largest municipality in Abbottabad District, in what used to be the Hazara District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan.
The views in this area are quite[weasel words] scenic due to the topography of the land.
Langra,Lari Siyadain,Malkan,Banda Abdul Jabbar Khan,Banda Bazdaar,Banda Said Khan,Deiri Kiyaal,Baandi Attai khan, Takia Shaikhan, Rajoya, Khora Bazgraan, Ghrari Pholgran, Batala, Kiala, Chair Sajji Kot, Naara, Sultanpur.Changi Bandi Baldeer,Chamnaka,Kiyala Batala,Sajawel,Banda Subkhan,Maira Kota Qabr,Theethaan,Sareela
Most of the people living in Havelian speak Hindko and in rural areas potohari is the major language
Havelian's main public transport consist of auto Rickshaws, modified Suzukis, Tonga which can accommodate anywhere from 8 to 13 people at one time. Datsuns and Taxis are also available as well as wagons which connect Havelian to the surrounding cities and towns in the region.
Havelian is the terminus of a branch railway, in February 2007, consultants were engaged to investigate the construction of a railway link to China. The line would go via the 4,730m-high Khunjerab pass.
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Havelian Tehsil
Havelian Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
During British rule, the current district of Abbottabad was created as a Tehsil of Hazara District, after the independence of Pakistan it remained a tehsil of Hazara until 1981 when the old Abbottabad Tehsil became a district. Subsequently the district was split into two tehsils namely Abbottabad and Havelian.
The city of Havelian, serves as the tehsil headquarters, the tehsil is subdivided into 16 Union Councils these are:
Coordinates: 33°56′N 73°07′E / 33.933°N 73.117°E / 33.933; 73.117
== Usmania Stationary mart Usman Bazar Ghoar market Havelian ==
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Haveliani Urban
Haveliani Urban is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the west of the district.
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Hindu Kush
Coordinates: 35°N 71°E / 35°N 71°E / 35; 71
The Hindu Kush (Pashto/Persian: ھندوکُش, Urdu: سلسلہ کوہ ہندوکش) is an 800 km (500 mi) long mountain range that stretches between central Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. The highest point in the Hindu Kush is Tirich Mir (7,708 m or 25,289 ft) in Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
It is the westernmost extension of the Pamir Mountains, the Karakoram Range, and is a sub-range of the Himalayas.
The names Hindu Kush (Persian: ھندوکُش), Hindu Kūh (ھندوکوه) and Kūh-e Hind (کوهِ ھند) are usually applied to the entire range separating the basins of the Kabul and Helmand rivers from that of the Amu River (ancient Oxus) or more specifically to that part of the range, northwest of the Afghan capital Kabul. Sanskrit documents refer to the Hindu Kush as Pāriyātra Parvata (पारियात्र पर्वत). Greek geographers adapted the Sanskrit to "Paropanisadae" by Greeks in the late first millennium BC.
The Persian-English dictionary indicates that the word 'Kush' is derived from the verb Kushtar - to slaughter or carnage. Kush is probably also related to the verb Koshtan, meaning to kill.
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Islamabad
Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد Islām ābād, lit. Abode of Islam) is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.152 million in 2011. The greater Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area is the third largest conurbation in Pakistan with a population of over 4.5 million inhabitants.
Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northern part of the country, within the Islamabad Capital Territory. The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Margalla pass acting as the gateway between the two regions. The city was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan's capital. Islamabad is a well-organized city divided into different sectors and zones. It is regarded as the most developed city in Pakistan. Islamabad is ranked as a Gamma world city. The city is home to Faisal Mosque, the largest mosque in South Asia and the sixth largest mosque in the world.
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Jacobabad
Jacobabad or Yaqubabad (Sindhi: جیکب آباد) is the capital city of Jacobabad District, Sindh, Pakistan.This is one of old city of Sind state. The city is also the administrative centre of Jacobabad Taluka, an administrative subdivision of the district, the city is subdivided into 8 Union Councils. The city is crossed by the Pakistan Railway and many main roads of the province.
During British rule, as part of British Raj, the town was the administrative headquarters of the Upper Sind Frontier District of the Bombay Presidency; with a station on the Quetta branch of the North-Western Railway. It became well known for consistently having the highest temperature in the South Asia, and has a mean summer average of 98°F, and during the month of June the temperature can consistently reach between 120° and 131°F (49 to 55°C).
The town was founded on the site of the village of Khangarh in 1847 by General John Jacob, for many years commandant of the Sind Horse, who died here in 1858. A memorial exists at the Victoria Tower in the heart of the city.
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Jhang
Jhang (Punjabi, Urdu: جھنگ) is the capital city of Jhang District, in the state of Punjab, Pakistan. It is situated on the east bank of the Chenab river, about 210 kilometres from Lahore and 35 kilometres from Gojra. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 387,418
Jhang is situated at place where two rivers Jhelum and Chenab join together to make a great looking sight. It is situated on the left banks of both rivers. Jhang is the capital city of Jhang District located at the coordinates 31.30677 N, 72.32814 E.
Climate of Jhang has extreme summer and extreme winter like most areas of Pakistan, it has four seasons.
According to 1981 census of Pakistan population of Jhang was 1,970,944 with the 434,495 housing units in Jhang. In 1998 census, population of Jhang was 2,834,545, whose annually growth rate was 2.16%. Male population was 1,474,099 (52.00%) and female population was 1,360,446 (48.00%). Languages mostly spoken in Jhang are Punjabi and Urdu.
The area was inhabited at the time of Alexander but the present city of Jhang is said to have been founded in the twelwth century by Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari. Its first inhabitants were sials who were his followers or murids. It was then destroyed by the river and re-founded during the reign of Aurangzeb by Mehboob Alam - called Shah Jewna - who asked his followers to settle again in that area in 1402. Under Mughal rule, the city flourished and was notable for commerce and trade.
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Jhangi
Jhangi is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is also known as Jhangi Syedan and Jhangi Qazia to the local population. It is located to the north of Abbottabad city (the district capital) and includes the north-western parts of the city and its suburbs and outlying villages.
The Union Councils is administratively subdivided into the following areas:
Other villages are:
Jhangi is most important Uc of Abbottabad specially town Dheri,located at an average elevation of 1248 metres. village Dheri is the last village towards south. and is at the same altitide as Shimla hills. (3943 feet) To the south lies the municipality of Abbottabad
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Jhangra
Jhangra is a small town and one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south west of the district.
The Union Council of Jhangra is administratively subdivided into the following areas:Kalo mera,Chamba, Noshera, Jhangra, Kashka, Pungran, Ratidheri,havelian village etc.
Coordinates: 34°1′0″N 73°8′0″E / 34.016667°N 73.133333°E / 34.016667; 73.133333
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Jhelum
Coordinates: 32°55′43″N 73°43′53″E / 32.92861°N 73.73139°E / 32.92861; 73.73139
Jhelum (
/ˈdʒeɪləm/) (Urdu, Punjabi: جہلم) (Greek: Alexandria Bucephalous) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River, in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs and warriors. Jhelum is a few miles upstream from the site of the Battle of the Hydaspes between the armies of Alexander the Great and Raja Porus. A city called Bucephala was founded nearby to commemorate the death of Alexander's horse, Sarosh. Other notable sites nearby include the 16th century Rohtas Fort, the Tilla Jogian complex of ancient temples, and the 16th-century Grand Trunk Road which passes through the city. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the population of Jhelum was 145,647 and in 2010 its population is 174,679. The name of the city is derived from the words Jal (pure water) and Ham (snow), as the river that flows through the river originates in the Himalayas. There are a number of industries in and around Jhelum city, including a tobacco factory, wood, marble, glass and flour mills.
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Kakul
Kakul is a town situated in the Kakul Valley at an elevation of 1300 metres, 5 km northeast of Abbottabad city near the Thandiani Hills, in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The population is around 30,000.
Kakul was a rural area prior to the establishment of a Boer Prisoner of War camp here during the Boer War, circa 1899-1902, by the (then) Government of British India which site was placed under the official management of the 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles. Later on, the POW camp was converted into an army mountaineering and PT school until 1947-48. It was this site, which was later chosen for the new post-independence Pakistan Military Academy, which is located in the eastern side of the valley.
The township of Kakul is the headquarter of Kakul Union Council. The Union Council is divided into the following areas: Balolia, Kakul, Mandroch Kalan, Mandroch Khurd, Nawansher Janoobi and Nawansher Shamali.
Coordinates: 34°11′N 73°15′E / 34.183°N 73.25°E / 34.183; 73.25
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Karakoram Highway
Coordinates: 35°36′N 74°39′E / 35.6°N 74.65°E / 35.6; 74.65
The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass, at an altitude of 4,693 m/15,397 ft as confirmed by both SRTM and multiple GPS readings. It connects China's Xinjiang region with Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions and also serves as a popular tourist attraction. Due to its high elevation and the difficult conditions in which it was constructed, it is also referred to as the "Ninth Wonder of the World."
The Karakorum Highway is known informally as the KKH, and — within Pakistan — officially as the N-35; within China, officially as China National Highway 314 (G314).
The Karakoram Highway, also known as the Friendship Highway in China, was built by the governments of Pakistan and China, it was started in 1959 and was completed in 1979 (open to the public since 1986) about 810 Pakistanis and about 200 Chinese workers lost their lives, mostly in landslides and falls, while building the highway. The route of the KKH traces one of the many paths of the ancient Silk Road.
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Kasur
Kasur (Urdu/Punjabi: قصور), the capital of Kasur District in Pakistan. Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala between Pakistan and India, and is a tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony. Kasur district is surrounded at north by Lahore, at east and south by India, at southern west Depalpur tehsil of Okara district and at northern west Sheikhupura district.
Though the city Kasur is famous for Baba Bullah Shah was a Punjabi Sufi poet, a humanist and philosopher.However,Kasur is also famous for its cosine,Spicy fish of Sh.Javed, Kasuri Falooda are of unique taste. Famous sweets include Andrassa and Sohan Halwa. Kasuri methi is also famous across the Pakistan.
The main crops in Kasur are wheat, corn, potato, sugar cane and turmeric. Turmeric fields of Changa Manga and Dhing Shah are unique agricultural features of Pakistan.
Coordinates: 31°07′01″N 74°27′01″E / 31.1170277778°N 74.4502222222°E / 31.1170277778; 74.4502222222
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Kehal Urban
Kehal Urban is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the west of the district.
Coordinates: 34°12′30″N 73°29′00″E / 34.20833°N 73.4833333°E / 34.20833; 73.4833333
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Khaira Gali
Khaira Gali is one of the tourist mountain resort towns of the Galyat area of Pakistan, it has an altitude of 2347m. Khaira Gali is located in Palak which is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. This hill station was also used as a barricade by the British during the colonial period and during the summer months it was occupied by one of the British mountain batteries, which were stationed at Rawalpindi during the winter. It is also famous for the hexagon manor on the highest elevation of the town. It belongs to Mr. Bashir, the owner of the famous Pakistani oil brand Seasons Canola.
Coordinates: 33°58′N 73°24′E / 33.967°N 73.4°E / 33.967; 73.4
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Kharian
Kharian (Urdu: کھاریاں ) (Pronunciation: Khariah) is a city of Gujrat District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Kharian is the chief city of Kharian Tehsil, which administrates all of the numerous surrounding villages and towns of Greater Kharian.
Kharian is located almost midway between the Capital city of Pakistan, Islamabad (about 125 km) and provincial capital of Punjab, Lahore (about 145 km). The most northern parts of Greater Kharian lies in front of the beautiful foothills of the Himalaya mountains of Azad Kashmir.
Kharian is located on the Grand Trunk Road (colloquially known as the GT road). This is the road which connects Kharian, all the way from Bangladesh, through India across Pakistan and to Afghanistan. It was used during British Rule to transport goods across South Asia. The main railway line also passes through Kharian, thus providing good transportation to the northern and southern parts of Pakistan.
The closest major cities to Kharian are Jhelum (about 10 miles) and Gujrat (around 20 miles).
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Khuzdar
Khuzdar or Khozdar (Balochi: خضدار) is a town located in Khuzdar District in Balochistan, Pakistan. Khuzdar is the capital of Khuzdar District, which was created on 1 March 1974. Previously, Khuzdar was part of Kalat District.
Khuzdar was the capital of the Brahui kingdom of Makran.
In the early 17th century it was part of the Jhalawan kingdom, but it soon fell under the Kingdom of Kalat, where it remained until a series of revolts during the reign of Khudadad Khan (1857-1893). By 1896, after Khudadad's death, the authority of Kalat was restored.
Under a treaty with Kalat, the British appointed a political agent at Khuzdar in 1903. British assistance continued until 1947, after which the area was acceded to Pakistan as part of the two nation theory and became a Democracy. When the Baluchistan States Union became Kalat Division, Khuzdar was established as the divisional headquarters. The divisional administration of Pakistan ended in 2000. Khuzdar was again established as the Divisional headquarters in June 2009 by the Pakistan Peoples Party Government.
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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pashto: خیبر پښتونخوا [xaiˈbər pəxtunˈxwɑ]; Urdu: خیبر پختونخوا [ˈxɛːbər pəxˈtuːnxwaː]), locally called Pukhtunkhwa, and formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province and various other names, is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the north-west of the country. It borders Afghanistan to the north-west, Gilgit–Baltistan to the north-east, Azad Kashmir to the east, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) to the west and south, Balochistan to the south and Punjab and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the south-east. The main ethnic group in the province is the Pashtuns; other smaller ethnic groups include most notably the Hindkowanss, Gujjar's and Chitralis. The principal languages are Pashto (locally referred to as Pukhto) The provincial capital is Peshawar.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa sits primarily on the Iranian plateau and comprises the junction where the slopes of the Hindu Kush mountains on the Eurasian plate give way to the Indus-watered hills approaching South Asia. This situation has led to seismic activity in the past. The famous Khyber Pass links the province to Afghanistan, while the Kohalla Bridge in Circle Bakote Abbottabad is a major crossing point over the Jhelum River in the east.
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Kohat
Kohat (Pashto: کوهاټ) is a medium sized town in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 33°35'13N 71°26'29E with an altitude of 489 metres (1607 feet) and is the capital of Kohat District. The town centres around a British-era fort, various bazaars, and a military cantonment. A British-built narrow gauge railway runs through the town. Kohat Pass is to the north.
The town of Kohat is situated on the left bank of the Kohat toi at a point where, after running nearly due east for 50 miles (80 km), is takes a turn to south. The total area of the district is 2,545 square kilometres (983 sq mi).[citation needed]
Before the partition there were only two high School in Kohat, Islima High School and Barathery High School.[citation needed]
http://www.kohatpressclub.n.nu
List of airports in Pakistan, Kohat Airbase
Much of the transport is privately operated within the city limits. There are also many buses that pass through the city via the Indus Highway. Most going to Peshawar and running between Bannu, D.I. Khan, Islamabad and rest of Pakistan. The railway line is operated between Kohat and Rawalpindi only.
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Kotli
Kotli (Urdu: کوٹلی, Pahari-Potohari/Hindko/Pashto: کوٹلی) or Cotly, as known in Britain, is the chief town of Kotli District, in the Pakistani-administered Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Kotli is linked with Mirpur by two metalled roads, one via Rajdhani, (90 km) and the other via Charhoi. It is also directly linked with Rawalakot via Trarkhal (82 km) and a double road which links Kotli with the rest of Pakistan via Sehnsa, another major town in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Kotli is roughly a three hours drive from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, at a distance of 117 km via Sehnsa.
As stated in History of the Punjab Hill States by J.Hutchinson and J.P. Vogel: "Kotli was founded about the fifteenth century by a branch of the royal family of Kashmir. Kotli and Poonch remained independent until subdued by Ranjit Singh in 1815 and 1819 respectively."
The royal family of Kashmir Hutchinson and Vogel are referring to is the family of Raja Mangar Pal. Before its name was Kohtali mean (under mountain) after that people changed its name to Kotli. Kotli was historically known as Kotli.
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Kukmang
Kukmang is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Kukmang is located at 34°16'20N 73°25'30E and has an average elevation of 1208 metres (3966 feet). It is situated in the north west of the district, it borders Boi to the north and Pattan Kalan to the east.
The Union Council of Kukmang is divided into the following areas: Kothiala, Kukmang, Pattan Khurd, Marhais Village and Pulhair situated at sungum of the river Jehlum & Kunhar near Rara Muzaffarabad. Marhais Village is a very delightful and charming village. The village pulhari is very beautiful due to its Greenery and location. There are two Government Primary Schools 01 for girls and 01 for boys.There is not govt disp for peoples and medical facility. as part of the local government reforms of 2000 Pattan Khurd Union Council was merged into Kukmang.
Yasir Hameed Qureshi was the first player of Pakistan National Cricket team who participated in international cricket with two test centuries. His family migrated to Peshawer in 1965 but has family members remaining in Kukmang Union Council.
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Kuthiala
Kuthiala is one of the 51 Union council of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Kuthiala Contain nearly 35 small villages i.e. .Naka . Nalla .Doga .Jab . Gali Syedian . Golra .Panyali .Salyot .Sora .Mukdabi Gup .Brahan .Todumira .Nalla (tudumira) .Tali .Misser .Poona .Chakuli .Cheera thandi Khuiy .Green Town .Hall Syedian .Tarada .Mubarak .Kalya .Char .Lunda .Daki .Beeri Patyan .Cahri .Banjgalli . Paswal . Soben Galli .Bagacote .Chariala .Eid Gah .Pahgla etc.......
A lot of kathas (Streams) flow from this valley So it is called Kuthiala and also most of the Kuthiala's (a part of Hindu Sood community) belong to Kuthiala union council. also many Muslim Kuthiala's are there in Pakistan staying here.
This small beautiful village has produced many famous people who rendered valuable services for Pakistan, among them squadron leader Firdous, Malik Manzoor Hussain Advocate(supreme court)former Deputy Attorney General(N.W.F.P) and Dr.Syed Mehboob a researcher, writer of Urdu, English and Hindko are prominent. Dr.Iqbal Khan Tanoli a famous social worker and a politician also belongs to this beautiful village. He is the son of famous Spiritual personality, Muhammad Khan a.k.a. Khan Baba. Other famous personalities includes:
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Kuthwal
Kuthwal is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located to the north west of Abbottabad city (the district capital).
The main villages of this Union Council (UC) are Kuthwal (Well known mohallah: School Wali Gali), Bandi Mansoor (Major mohallahs: Patotay, Chandroll), Gali Banian, Chattri Balla, Danna Sharif, Maira Rehmat Khan, Mohar Kalan and Chattri Khurd. This union council is gateway to Thandiani pass. The road route passing form the area diverges to three major routes at the end, each leading to Thandiani, Kukmang to Boi and Pattan to Muzaffarabad (Azad Jammu & Kashmir). The first village enroute is Gali Banian which actually consists of two villages, Gali and Banian. The main tribe is Awan with a small number of Syeds, Sardars and Abbasis. Two link roads lead from Gali, one goes to Banian and other to Danna Sharif. Danna Sharif is known by the spiritual personality of the area , Syed Iqbal Hussain Shah. The village Gali is known for having the first Jamia mosque of the area, having separate madrassa for boys and girls.[citation needed] It was named by its founder and first administrator Haji Mir Afzal as Jamia Hanfia Razvia. Then comes the Bandi Mansoor which consist of Mughals and small number of other Syeds. The Literacy rate is very high.
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Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
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Langrial
Langrial is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south west of the district and borders Haripur District.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Basgora, Chotala, Dabran, Danna Nooral, Faqir Mohammad, Gali Batgran, Karkaki, Langrial, Lassan and Manjia. Other villages are Kialapain and Basara.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Basgora, Chotala, Dabran, Danna Nooral, Faqir Mohammad, Gali Batgran, Karhaki, Langrial, Lassan and Manjia.[1] Other villages are Kialapain and Basara,Danna,thipur.
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Larkana
Coordinates: 27°33′36″N 68°13′35″E / 27.56°N 68.22639°E / 27.56; 68.22639
Larkana or Larkano (Urdu:لاڑکانہ [laːɽkaːnaː], Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو [laːɽkaːnoː]1901) is the fourth largest city in the north-western part of Sindh Province, Pakistan, and is located within Larkana District.The old name of larkano is chandka which was changed in 1901. In August 2000 Larkana celebrated its hundred years of existence. It is located on the south bank of the Ghar canal, 40 miles south of Shikarpur town, and 36 miles north-east of Mehar.
During British rule Larkana became the headquarters of Larkana District and Larkana Taluka, and for a time was part of the Bombay Presidency of British India. The city lay on the route of the North-Western Railway, and the population according to the 1901 census of India was 14,543. The name was taken from the Larik (caste) as Larkana, at that time the chief of the caste was Sardar Saeed Nawaz Larik.
The Imperial Gazetteer of India describes the town as follows:
Chandka Medical College (CMC), a gift from former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto for the people of Sindh, was inaugurated on 20th April, 1973 as 4th medical college of the Sindh. First Batch of 150 students was admitted in 1973. It was necessary to provide accommodation (hostels) to the students for which Polytechnic Institute Elementary Teachers Training College and Nursing hostel were utilized for boys & girls respectively. Second Batch of 250 students was admitted in 1974. due to shortage of accommodation as a result of increasing number of admissions, one, four story, girls hostel & two boys hostels were constructed,. Now it has six boys hostels and two girls which can accommodates about 1100 students.
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Malikpura Urban
Malikpura Urban is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the west of the district.
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Mansehra
Mansehra (Hindko/Urdu: مانسہرہ) city is located at 34°20′N 73°12′E / 34.333°N 73.2°E / 34.333; 73.2Coordinates: 34°20′N 73°12′E / 34.333°N 73.2°E / 34.333; 73.2 in Mansehra District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is very near to Abbottabad city. It is a major stop for tourists on the Karakoram Highway which leads to China. It is also a major transit point to the northern areas and locations such as the Kaghan Valley, Naran, Shogran, Lake Saiful Mulook and Babusar Top.
The area of Mansehra has been under the rule of various emperors and governments, including Alexander the Great, Ashoka the Great, the Turks and the British Empire.
Alexander the Great conquered and established his rule over a large part of northern India, including the Mansehra area. In the year 327 B.C. Alexander handed the area over to the Indian king Abisares.
During the Maurya dynasty, Mansehra was a part of Taxila. Ashoka the Great was the governor of this area when he was a prince. After the death of his father, the Mauryan emperor Bindusara, Ashoka ascended to the throne around 272 B.C. and made this area one of the major seats of his government. The Edicts of Ashoka inscribed on three large boulders on the side of a rocky outcrop near Mansehra serve as evidence of his rule here. The Mansehra rocks record fourteen of Ashoka's edicts, presenting aspects of the emperor's dharma or righteous law, and represent the earliest irrefutable evidence of writing in South Asia. Dating to middle of the third century BC, they are written from right to left in the Kharosthi script.
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Mardan
Mardan (Pukhto: مردان), known as The city of hospitality, is a city and headquarters of Mardan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. It is the de facto headquarters of the Yousafzai tribe and the second most populous city in the province, located at 34°12'0N 72°1'60E and an altitude of 283 metres (928 ft) in the south west of the district. Mardan is a federation of a number of small towns coming together to form a large city.
Mardan valley was part of the ancient Gandhara civilization but at that time the name Mardan and Mardan City was not constructed, instead Gandhara civilization consisted of small sub-kingdoms at the hill tops of Jamal Garhi, Shahbaz Garhi and Thakhat Bahi. The ruins of these cities still exist. Mardan City foundation was laid down by Saint Ali Mardan Shah (nickname Madai-Baba) in about in 11th - 12th century A.D. His shrine is at Jalala. His son Zamin Shah Baba was also a saint, buried in Mardan Cantt. Most of its land is agricultural.[citation needed] It has one of the world's best irrigation systems,[citation needed] which was laid down in 1934 from the Swat River through Jabban Hydel Power Station, during the British Raj between 1857 and 1947. There are still remains of the Gandhara civilization, scattered in different areas of Mardan.[citation needed]
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Mianwali
Mianwali (Punjabi, Urdu: میانوالی) is the capital city of Mianwali District and situated in the north-west of Punjab province, Pakistan. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Indus River. Thal canal traverses the city and makes the surroundings a picturesque place.
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the Mianwali city had a population of 85,000 inhabitants.[citation needed]
In November 1901, present day towns of Mianwali, Bhakkar, Isa Khel, Kalabagh, and Kundian were separated from Bannu District and hence a new district named as Mianwali District was created with the headquarters in Mianwali city. The municipal committee was founded in December 1903 and has remained operational since then.
The city has a FM Radio Station (FM 93), municipal library now called Professor Muhammad Feroz Shah Library, sports complex, and hockey stadium. There are several educational institutions from elementary to post-graduate level. .
The city has an airport built near the old World War II aerodrome and known as PAF Base Mianwali. It is one of the major operational bases of the country. The No.1 Fighter Conversion Unit of the PAF is stationed here.
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Mojohan
Coordinates: 34°12′30″N 73°29′0″E / 34.20833°N 73.483333°E / 34.20833; 73.483333
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Multan
Multan (Saraiki, Punjabi, Urdu: : مُلتان pronunciation (help·info)), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.According to area its 3rd largest city of Pakistan,but according to population its on 5th number. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about 562 km (349 mi) from Islamabad, 356 km (221 mi) from Lahore and 966 km (600 mi) from Karachi. Multan District has a population of 3.1 million (1998).
Multan is known as the City of Sufis or City of Saints and Madinah-Tul-Awleyah due to the large number of shrines and Sufi saints from the city. According to area its 3rd largest city of Pakistan,but according to population its on 3rd number. The city is full of bazaars, mosques, shrines and ornate tombs. Multan is also the birthplace of Fariduddin Ganjshakar popularly known as Baba Farid who is considered a father of Punjabi language and one of the pioneers in developing Shahmukhī script of Punjabi language which was later adopted by almost all Muslim saints and intellectuals in Punjab region and even in whole of India. Celebrated sufi saint of Punjab and North India Khwaja Ghulam Farid also adopted Shahmukhī script of Punjabi language to convey his teachings.Multan is located in a bend created by five rivers of central Pakistan. The Sutlej River separates it from Bahawalpur and the Chenab River from Muzaffar Garh. The city has grown to become an influential political and economical center for the country, with a dry port and excellent transport links. Multan is famous for its crops: wheat, cotton and sugar cane as well as mangoes, citrus, guavas and pomegranates.
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Murree
Murree (Punjabi, Urdu: مری) is a hill station and summer resort and the administrative centre of Murree Tehsil, which is a subdivision of Rawalpindi District and includes the Murree Hills.
Murree was the summer capital of the British Raj in the Punjab Province (British India). A popular tourist destination, Murree is often referred to as the "Queen of Hills," a term coined by the British. Located in the north-west Himalayas at an average altitude of 2,291 metres (7,516 ft), the city of Murree, draped in forests of pine, and oak, experiences pleasant summers and cold, snowy winters. The city is famous for its buildings styled in tudorbethan and neo-gothic architecture dating from the colonial era.
Murree is located along the Islamabad-Murree Highway, some 58.3 km (36.2 mi) northeast of Islamabad.
The name Murree is derived from 'marhi', "high place",
Murree was developed in 1851 by the (then) President of the Punjab Administrative Board, Sir Henry Lawrence, and was originally established for the British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier as a sanatorium. Officially, the municipality was created in 1850.
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Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad (Urdu: مظفر آباد, Pahari, Potwari, on mountain there are sexy girl
The residents of Muzaffarabad are a highly literate and business orientated class maintaining close ties with the financial capitals of Northern Pakistan, primarily Rawalpindi and the KPK. Muzaffarabad is a prime destination for further and higher education for the youth of Azad Kashmir and also produces the elite class of Azad Kashmir such as doctors, lawyers and businessmen. Rawalpindi is also a prime destination for further education and training.
An interesting point to note is that the entrance to the Kashmir valley faces northwards and passes westwardly through Neelum and down towards Muzaffarabad, where trade had flourished prior to the Kashmir dispute between the valley and Azad Kashmir.
Muzaffarabad is situated at the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The city is 138 kilometres from Rawalpindi and Islamabad and about 76 kilometres from Abbottabad. Muzaffarabad city is connected to Islamabad by a motorway, increasing trade between the mainland and the autonomous region. Cradled by lofty mountains, Muzaffarabad reflects a blend of various cultures and languages. The main language is a form of potohari and Pahari. The Neelum river plays a dominant role in the microclimate of Muzaffarabad which joins Jehlum River near Domail.
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Nagri Bala
Nagri Bala is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in the Hazara province of Pakistan.
The union council of Nagri Bala is situated in the south central part of Abbottabad District, and lies to the south east of Abbottabad city - the capital city of the district. Union councils bordering Nagri Bala are - Bagnotar to the north, Nathia Gali to the east, and Garhi Phulgran to the south.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Akhroota, Makol Bala, Nagri Bala, and Tatreela ,Kasala.Riala. Krwala kutlian. Muhallah Tandi Naka.Muahalla Donga..
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Nagri Totial
Nagri Tutial (also known as Nagri Totial) is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan .
Nagri Tutial or the town of the Tutials is named after Abassi chief Toota Khan (a son of Doomat Khan)[citation needed].
Most of the people of Nagri Totial are from the 'Totialian' branch of the Dhund Abbasi tribe[citation needed]. However considerable numbers of Qureshis, Awan (tribe), Bhattis etc also live here.
Nagri Tutial is situated in the south east of the district and forms part of Abbottabad district's frontier with the Punjab (Nagri Tutial's eastern border is with Punjab's Rawalpindi Tehsil). Nagri Tutial shares a border with the following Union Councils within Abbottabad District - to the North and east by Seer Gharbi, to the west by Nara, and to the south by Lora. Nagri Tutial has an average elevation of 1243 metres (4081 feet).
Nagri Tutial is a beautiful area in Pakistan, although not as yet fully developed or connected properly to main roads infrastructure in the Abbottabad area, which is a hurdle in the way of increased touristic activity. Of late, however, the old Upper Dewal-Kohala Road, which was a very basic one, has been improved and regular electricity supply service to the village initiated. If the area could also develop other basic infrastructure (such as a small high-quality bazaar, hotels, a BHU or government dispensary, a proper bus depot catering to tourist links/services from Abbottabad and Murree etc) it would have significant economic potential. A full-fledged, proper forest management project is also required here to maintain the local natural resources in a sustainable manner.
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Namli Maira
Namli Maira is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Namli Maira is a mountainous rural area located in Abbottabad District (34°07′00″N 73°23′00″E / 34.116667°N 73.383333°E / 34.116667; 73.383333). It takes its name from the two largest hamlets in the Union Council—Namli and Maira. These settlements are nestled on mountain ridges about 20 kilometres from the city of Abbottabad.
A metaled road connects Namli Maira to the main Abbottabad—Nathia Gali road near Azizabad (Bagnotar) and is an alternate route to reach Nathia Gali from Abbottabad. It is some 3 kilometres away from the main road (Bagnotar)
The highest peak in Abbottabad District, Miranjani, is located in Namli Maira.
On 8 October 2005 an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 struck the northern areas and Kashmir, causing significant damage to housing and some deaths. Aftershocks were felt through December.
The Union Council is administratively divided into Dhaki Khaiter, Namli Maira, Noormang, and Panghora areas.
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Nathia Gali
Nathia Gali or Nathiagali (Pashto: نتھیا گلی, Urdu: نتھیا گلی) is a mountain resort town or hill station in Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is a part of the Galyat range, where several hill-stations are situated , closely connected to each other, and with their names mostly ending in 'Galli'. Nathiagali is known for its scenic beauty, hiking tracks and pleasant weather, which is much cooler than the rest of the Galyat due to it being at a greater altitude. It is situated at one hour's drive away from both Murree and Abbottabad, lying midway between these two places. The drive time from Islamabad is usually about two hours, unless there is a lot of traffic.
During British rule Nathia Gali, then part of Abbottabad tehsil of Hazara District, served as the summer head-quarters of the Chief Commissioner of the (then) Peshawar division of the Punjab. The town along with Dunga Gali constituted a notified area under the Punjab Municipalities Act, 1891. The income in 1903-4 was Rs. 3,000, chiefly derived from a house tax, whilst expenditure was Rs. 1,900.
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Nawabshah
Nawabshah (Sindhi: نوابشاهه), or Shaheed Benazirabad, is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is headquarter of Shaheed Benazir Abad District (formerly Nawabshah District). It has a population of 1,135,131.
By road it is a 4 hour drive from Karachi on the National Highway, Sakrand along the left bank of River Indus near Sakrand Taluka, Pakistan.
Nawabshah formerly formed part of Sukkur division. The deputy commissioner is responsible for overall administration of the District. Nawabshah is furthermore sub-divided into 4 Talukas:
Nawabshah is famous for sugarcane, mango and banana production. The climate is usually very hot and dry, with summer temperatures soaring as high as 53 degrees Celsius. Winters start late, around mid-November, lasting to around mid-February, with night-time temperatures often reaching 4 degrees Ccelsius. Temperatures below zero are very rare. The city is one of Pakistan's hottest areas.
The highest temperatures each year in Pakistan, typically rising to above 50 °C (122 °F), are usually recorded in Nawabshah District and Sibbi from May to August. The climate is generally dry and hot, but sometimes the temperature falls to 0 °C (32 °F). On January 7, 2011 temperatures dropped to 4 °C (39 °F) in the city.
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Nawansher Urban
Nawansher Urban is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . It is located in the north of the district. It is one of the oldest settlement in Abbottabad district.
Famous Places: Illyas Masjid, Womens Medical College.
Tribes: Jadoon, Mir, Mughal, Syed, Malik, Sardar.
It is further subdivided into some mohallahs. Some of them are as listed below. Mohallah Mohammad Zai, Mohallah Shoaib Zai, Mohallah Imran Zai, Mohallah Khalil Zai, Mohallah Moosa Zai, Mohallah Qilla. Mohallah Dhodehal,
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Pakistan
Pakistan (
i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Palak
Palak is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan.
Palak is located in the South eastern edge of Abbottabad district (and hence also the south eastern tip of NWFP). It forms part of NWFP's border with Punjab province and Kashmir, and it also borders the following Union Councils within Abbottabad district, Seer Gharbi to the west, Nathiagali to the North and Malkot to the north west.
Palak is the gateway of District Abbottabad because a gali Barian is a border of NWFP and Punjab and Union Council Palak is started from Barian.
Palak is the largest union council of the Circle Bakote area - as part of the local government reforms of 2000 Malkot Union Council was merged into Palak.
Palak UC is subdivided into the following areas: Arwar, Darwaza, Kala Bon, Longal, Malkot, Palak, Riala (Riyala) and Soorjal (Surajaal).
Other villages are
The total population of the union council is almost 5,000. The main tribes of Palak are the Dhond Abbasi, Gujjars and Sattis.
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Pattan Kalan
Pattan Kalan is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It lies in an area that was affected by the 2005 earthquake, a total of 27 small camps were set up in Pattan Kalan following the quake.
Pattan Kalan is located in the eastern edge of Abbottabad district where it forms part of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's border with Muzaffarabad District, Kashmir. It also borders the following Union Councils within Abbottabad district, Kukmang and Boi to the north, Kuthwal to the west, Beerangali and Nambal to the south
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Bandi Sararha, Banota, Chamiali, Khokhriala, Larri, Sialkot, Maseena Kalan and Pattan Kalan, Kottlion.
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Peshawar
Peshawar (Pashto: پېښور Pēx̌awar; Hindko: پيشور Pishōr; Urdu: پشاور Pishāwar; Persian: پیشاور P īshāwar; pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as NWFP), and the administrative centre and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass. Known as "City on the Frontier", Peshawar's strategic location on the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia has made it one of the most culturally vibrant and lively cities in the greater region. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar has evolved into one of Pakistan's most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities. In the last three decades, there has been a significant increase in urban population, in part due to internal migration of people in search of better employment opportunities, education, and services, and in part because of the influx of Afghan refugees and other people displaced by military operations and civil unrest in neighboring regions. Peshawar is the major educational, political and business center of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Phalkot
Phalkot(Sehana) is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . Most of the people are Awans with the Abbasies in a minority, the Union Council is led by the Nazim Malik Mushtaq Ahmed, most of the people are poor and lead a simple life.
Phalkot Sehana is located at 34° 9' 40N 73° 22' 30E and has an average elevation of 1747 metres (5734 feet)
The Union Council is subdivided into two areas Phalkot , that include other settlements including Kutli Sehana Jandar Bari Buni Gali and Upri Kutli.
phalkot is a village of Abbottabad. The majority of people living here are Awans. Most of the people living here are poor people but all are honest and loyal. It is a small village but it is famous by its geography. Because it is situated among many villages of Abbottabad. It have Govt; primary schools both for male and female. It has also high schools for both boys and girls.charming personality or famous personality of Phalkot are forester M.RIMZAN and M.Perviz kutli well known political leader and respected old leader of area Abdul Aziz (pahar) of kutli.
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Phallah
Phalla Union council takes it name from the chief village in the area. It is one of the most densely populated union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Other Co-villages are Ghambir, Rakhala, Charbat, Ropar, Rahi,Chankot, Dakhan Paiser. Most of area is hilly. These mountain are linked with the mountains of murree and margalla hills of Islamabad. Village Phalla and Ghambir are thickly populated area of this Union Council.
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Pind Kargu Khan
Pind Kargo Khan is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan it is located 30 km from Abbottabad city.
The population of Pind Kargu Khan is over 20,000. The local language is Hindko. The main ethnic groups or tribes of this area are Tanolis and among them are also scattered some Awans and Syeds families. The local dress of the people is Shalwar/Qameez.
Pind Kargu Khan is an historical town, the huge forest of pine tree named Kohe-e-Balehana is located on the peak of Sando Gali, most of the residents are engaged with agriculture where the main crops are maze and wheat. A beautiful valley with the flower of Rose, Chamblali, Sunflower, Bunnaksha is covered by full greenery around it. The main streamlines of water supply goes from PK Khan to around all the Union Council and as well as to the Union Council of Sherwan. The main fruits are apricot, pomegranate, locate, peach, apple, and strawberry. The people of PK Khan are mostly engaged in transportation, farming, mining business and 55% of the population are related with the job outside PK Khan.
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Quetta
Quetta (Pashto: کوټه, Urdu: کوئٹہ pronunciation (help·info)) is the largest city and the provincial capital of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Known as the Fruit Garden of Balochistan due to the diversity of its plant and animal wildlife, Quetta is home to the Hazarganji Chiltan National Park, which contains rare wildlife.
The city is situated at an average elevation of 1,680 meters (5,500 ft) above sea level, making it Pakistan's only high-altitude major city. Located in a river valley, Quetta derives its name from the Pashto word "Kuwatta", which means "a fort".
Sitting near the Durand Line border with Afghanistan and close to Kandahar province, Quetta is a trade and communications center between the two countries as well as an important military location which occupies a strategic position for the Pakistani Armed Forces. The city lies on the Bolan Pass route which was once the only gateway to and from South Asia. Due to its proximity to Afghanistan and Central Asia, the city is a major stronghold along the western frontier of the country.
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Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar Khan ( رحیم یار خان) is a city in South Punjab, Pakistan. Rahim Yar Khan is the capital city of Rahim Yar Khan District as well as the tehsil of the same name. The city itself is administratively subdivided into 9 Union councils. According to the 1998 census, the city population was 233,537 with an annual growth rate of 3.50%. As of in 2009, it is around 340,810. The area of Rahim Yar Khan City is about 22 Square Kilometre.
Alexander was the warrior and conqueror when he entered Multan the City which is known by its Saints. He Appointed One of his Famous General Phillipos to Rule the Area. Rahim Yar Khan and Neighboring Cities Came under Alexander Successors Rule. His Rule was Spread from the City of Multan Till Sukkur (then known as Poros) He was Challenged by Raja Poros in the Battle of Poros and got defeated. With this the Alexander Era Came to an End.
The Buddhist Empire was headed by Asoka. During his quest of power he invade almost whole of the subcontinent. His influence in this area is still unknown to many but it is believed that Rahim Yar Khan was the Part of His Empire before 493 A.D.
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Rawalakot
Rawalakot (Urdu: راولا کوٹ), is a town in Azad Kashmir, and is the district headquarter of Poonch Division and Poonch District. It is in a beautiful valley surrounded by hills.
Rawalakot is located at Latitude 33°51'32.18"N, Longitude 73° 45'34.93"E and an Elevation of 5374 feet. Rawalakot is approximately 76 kilometres (47 mi) from Kohala, Pakistan and about 120 km (75 mi) from the city of Rawalpindi. It is linked with Rawalpindi and Islamabad via Goyain Nala and Tayeen roads. It is also linked with Rawalpindi via Sudhnuti.
Surrounding villages of Rawalakot are Pachiot, Chirooti, Baghina, Datote, Barien, Ballari, Argali, Paniola, Zairat, Kharian, Laghriat,Singola Awanabad, Thorar, Mong, Androte, Rehara, Hurna Maira, Kottera, Barian Pothi, Khayi Gala, Kharick, Rairbun, Topa Soon (Soon Topa 8 km from Rawalakot), Kaimon, Titrot, Motialmara, Trar Dewan, Chaire, Chapanidahar, Chuck, Tranni, Dahmni, Parat, Pothi Bala/Makwalan, Kharek, Pakgali, Paniola, Banakha, Khayt Chrian, Mohri Farman Shah, Dreak, Banjosa, Hussainkot, Hurnamaira, Thorar, Rehara, Bangoin, Jandala, Timrot and Thala Tain. Bagh District lies to the north and Sudhnuti District lies to the south of Rawalakot.
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Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi (Urdu: راولپنڈی,Rāwalpindī), locally known as Pindi, is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad. In the 1950s, Rawalpindi was smaller than Hyderabad and Multan, but the city's economy received a boost during the building of Islamabad (1959–1969), during which time Rawalpindi served as the national capital and its population increased from 180,000 at the time of independence to over 4.5 million in 2007.[citation needed] Rawalpindi is located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province, 275 km (171 mi) to the north-west of Lahore. It is the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. The total area of the city is approximately 154 square kilometres (59 sq mi). Rawalpindi is the military headquarters of the Pakistani Armed Forces.
Rawalpindi, named after Raja Pindi, is a bustling city on the northernmost part of the Punjab province, strategically located between the NWFP and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Many tourists use the city as a stop before traveling towards the northern areas. Rawalpindi is also a prime destination for the expatriate community of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Numerous shopping bazaars, parks and a cosmopolitan population attract shoppers from all over Pakistan and abroad. The city is home to several industries and factories. Islamabad International Airport is actually located in Rawalpindi and serves both cities.
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Sadiqabad
Sadiqabad or Sadiq Abad or Sadik Abad or Sadikabad (Punjabi, Urdu: صادق آباد) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. Sadiqabad is also the administrative centre of Sadiqabad Tehsil, which is a sub-division of Rahim Yar Khan District.
It is situated at the border of Sindh and Punjab. Sadiqabad is the main transport hub between Punjab and Sindh.You can get from here the transport to travel to any city of Pakistan. Sadiqabad is getting stronger economically as well as better in education. There are now at least 5 colleges teaching the higher secondary school level. Iqra Degree girls college is spreading knowledge specially for girls and teaching the classes at masters level. Sadiqabad has always been good in sports.Cricket team of Govt High school have won many times the BISE championships.
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Sahiwal
Sahiwal (Urdu: ساہیوال) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the administrative centre of Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division. Sahiwal is approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and is the city between Lahore and Multan. The population is 207,388 (1998 Pakistan Census).
A small village on the Karachi-Lahore railway line during 1865 was named Montgomery after Sir Robert Montgomery, then Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab. was made the capital of the Montgomery District. It was renamed Sahiwal in 1967 after the Sahi clan of Kharal Jatt who were the inhabitants of this area.
The city is in the densely populated region between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers. The principal crops are wheat, cotton, tobacco, legumes, potato and oilseeds. Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured.
Sahiwal is twinned with the town of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, North West England. There is a direction sign in Rochdale's town centre pointing in Sahiwal's direction with "Sahiwal 3960 miles" written on it.[citation needed]
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Salhad
Salhad is one of the 51 union councils (sub-divisions) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
The Union Council of Salhad is named after what was the main village of the area, but has now effectively become a suburb of Abbottabad city.
It is situated about two kilometres south of the current city limits of Abbottabad.
The population of the town is now over 21,000 .
Salhad Union Council is subdivided into two areas Salhad and Khokar.
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Sarbhana
Sarbhana is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan .
Sarbhana is located in the west of the district, it is bounded by the following Union Councils, to the north by Kakul, Kuthwal and Beerangali, to the east by Phalkot, to the south by Namli Maira, Bagnotar and Bagh, and to the west by Dhamtour (Sungli Narrian village).
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Aziz Bang, Dessal, Khan, Sadra, Dharia, Sarbhana, Seergah ,Mohar Khurd and Narian .
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Sargodha
Sargodha (Urdu: سرگودھا) is a major city in the Sargodha District of Punjab province, Pakistan sargodha is the 9th largest city of pakistan and 5th largest of punjab.
Sargodha is located in the northwest of Pakistan. It is the twelfth largest city of Pakistan and also known as Pakistan's best citrus-producing area. It is an agricultural trade centre with various industries. Sargodha is one of the few planned cities in Pakistan, the other being Gwadar, Jauharabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad and Islamabad.
Pakistan's largest airbase, PAF Base Mushaf (formerly PAF Base Sargodha), is situated in Sarghoda and hosts the headquarters of the Pakistan Air Force's Central Air Command. The airbase is also home to the Combat Commanders School (CCS), formerly the Fighter Leader's School, an elite training facility for training Pakistan Air Force pilots in fighter tactics and weapons. The city is also home to Sargodha Medical College.
The term Sargodha has its origins in the words Sar, meaning pond (Talab), and Godha, meaning sadhu(Baba).
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Seer Gharbi
Seer Gharbi,سير غربي, is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the southeastern part of the province, bordering the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province (the Murree Hills area).
Seer Gharbi also shares a border with the following Union Councils within Abbottabad District - to the north by Tajwal, to the east Nara and Nagri Totial, to the South by Seer Sharqi Bhattian and to the west by Palak.
The terrain of the whole area is hilly and mountainous, to the South lie the plains of the Punjab, travellers from the South find the land rising, the Murree region signals the start of the Himalayan mountain range. The higher altitude makes the climate of this area cooler than the land to the south, and there is usually heavy snowfall in the winter blocking roads and making travel difficult.
A notable tourist area of Seer Gharbi is the hill resort of Changlagali.
There are no cities in Seer Gharbi, it is mainly a mountainous rural area, the town of Seer is the largest settlement, the nearest cities to people living in Seer Gharbi are, Murree to the South, Abbottabad (the district capital to the North West), Haripur (to the east) as well as Muzaffarabad to the North east.
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Seer Sharqi Bhattian
Seer Sharqi Mera Rohmal is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district - to the south and east it borders Rawalpindi District, it also borders the following union councils within Abbottabad District, to the north Seer Gharbi, and to the west is Nagri Totial.
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Nareela , Mera Rohmal, Lower Bhattian, Pandan, Tian, Leeran,Bhattian, Seer Sharqi and Taror.
SABOOR ABBASI from NAREELA Nasir Naveed Abbasi (Bhattian) (Appeal Authorizer Legal Department multinational company)
Coordinates: 34°12′30″N 73°29′0″E / 34.20833°N 73.483333°E / 34.20833; 73.483333
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Sheikhupura
Sheikhupura or Shekhupur (Urdu: شيخوپورہ), formerly Kot Dayal Das (کوٹ دیال داس) or Singhpuria (سنگھپوریہ) or Virkgarh (ورک گڑھ), is an industrial city in the province of Punjab slightly northwest to Lahore in Pakistan. It is known for its historical places, and is commonly known locally as Qila Shaikhupura, because of the fort in the city, constructed by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. The name Sheikhupura is derived from a nickname of Jahangir, who was known as Sheikhu by his father Akbar the Great. The city is the headquarters of Sheikhupura District and is approximately 35 km from Lahore. The original name of Virkgarh was renamed by Jahangir.
The city was renamed Singhpuria in Sikh rule, and had a large Sikh population prior to Partition in 1947, Gurudwaras are seen throughout the city.
The history of Virkgarh/Sheikhupura goes back to 100 BC. Historical research has established the fact that Sangla or Sakala was the capital of Punjab once, and it was here that Alexander the Great of Macedonia (known locally as Sikandar e Azam) fought one of his most serious battles of his career. Its name is spoken of, firstly in the pages of Tuzk-e-Jahangiri as Jahangirpura, after the name of Prince Salim Nur u Din Muhammad Jahangir. The fourth Mughal emperor of India named Jahangir changed the name of the city from Virkgarh to Sheikhupura after converting the majority of the population to Islam. This area belongs to the virk Jats. Virk jats created a fort in the vicinity of current day Sheikhupura and called it VirkGarh., i.e. "citadel of the Virks"
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Sherwan
Sherwan is a Union council of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, located 35 km west of Abbottabad.
The population of Sherwan Town is over 25000.[citation needed] The local language is Hindko while Urdu is also understood and spoken by local people.[citation needed] The main tribes of Sherwan are Tanolis (Labial, Sarganal and Sadial), Awans (Marjan or Kutab Shahi), Syed and Mughals. Sherwan is divided into four main parts, Sherwan Khurd, Sherwan Kalan, Patheel and thora Khurd.
Locals grow seasonal crops such as maize and wheat. The area has plenty of water and soil rich with nutrients, allowing producers to grow cherries, oranges, apples, plums and apricots. A large number of people are also engaged in soap stone mining.[citation needed]
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Sialkot
Sialkot (Punjabi, Urdu: سیالکوٹ) is located in Pakistan in the north-east of the Punjab province at the foothills of snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. It is the capital of Sialkot District. The city is about 125 km (78 mi) north-west of Lahore The recorded history of Sialkot covers thousands of years. Sialkot has, since its foundation, changed hands from Hindu, Buddhist, Persian, Greek, Afghan, Turk, Sikh, Mughal and British rule to that of present-day Pakistan.
There are various sources tracing the origins of the city of Sialkot but the authenticity of many of these sources varies. Excavations throughout the area have revealed large amounts of Greek coins, ancient Zoroastrian temples and several Buddhist stupas. The antiquities of Sialkot have also been discussed by Sir Alexander Cunningham in his Archaeological Survey Reports, II, 21, 22, and XIV, 44 to 47.
According to the Greek historical texts, which bring mention of the city of Sialkot dating back to before 327 BC when the city was known as Sagala, it represented the eastern-most outpost and expansion of the Hellenic Empire created by Alexander the Great which has been cross-correlated to ancient Greek maps of the era and several monuments found in the Sialkot District. The Greek historians state that the city was one of the most productive Silk regions of the Achaemenid Empire. Sákala or Sagala was the capital, or one of the capitals, of the Indo-Greek Kingdom which broke-away from the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom during the Euthydemid Dynasty
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Sindh
Sindh (pronounced [sɪnd̪ʱ]; Sindhi: سنڌ; Urdu: سندھ Indica in Latin, Indus in Greek) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran" and has been given the title of Bab-ul-Islam (The gateway of Islam). The name of Sindh is derived from the Indus River that separates it from Balochistan and the greater Iranian Plateau. This river was known to the ancient Iranians in Avestan as Indus, in Sanskrit as Sindhu, to Assyrians (as early as the seventh century BC) as Sinda, to the Greeks as Indos, to the Romans as Indus, to the Persians as Ab-e-sind, to the Pashtuns as "Abasind", to the Arabs as Al-Sind, to the Chinese as Sintow, and to the Javanese as the Santri.
Sindh is bounded to the west by the Indus River and Balochistan, to the north by Punjab, the east by the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan and to the south by the Arabian Sea. The capital of the province is Karachi, Pakistan's largest city and financial hub. Most of the population in the province is Muslim, with sizeable Christian, Zoroastrian and Hindu minorities. The main language spoken is Sindhi by about 40 million people, while there exists a significant Urdu-speaking minority.
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Skardu
Skardu (Urdu: سکردو, Balti: སྐརདུ་་ from Tibetan (Balti): skar rdo སྐར་རྡོ་ - "star stone, meteorite"), is the main town of the region Baltistan and the capital of Skardu District, one of the districts making up Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan.
Skardu is located in the 10 km wide by 40 km long Skardu Valley, at the confluence of the Indus river (flowing from near Kailash in Tibet and through neighbouring Ladakh before reaching Baltistan) and the Shigar River. Skardu is situated at an altitude of nearly 2,500 m (8,200 ft). The town is surrounded by grey-brown coloured mountains, which hide the 8,000 metre peaks of the nearby Karakoram range.
Skardu, along with Gilgit, are the two major tourism, trekking and expedition hubs in Gilgit–Baltistan. The mountainous terrain of the region, including four of the world's fourteen Eight-thousander peaks (8,000 m and above), attracts the attention of tourists, trekkers and mountaineers from around the world. The main tourist season is from April to October; outside this time, the area can be cut off for extended periods by the snowy, freezing winter weather.
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Sukkur
Sukkur, or Sakharu (Urdu: سکھر [səkʰəru], Sindhi: سکر), formerly Aror (Urdu: اروڑ [əroːɽ]) and Bakar, is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River in Pakistan in Sukkur District. However, the word Sakharu in Sindhi means "superior", which the spelling of the city's name in Sindhi suggests is the origin of the name. Sukkur is nicknamed Darya Dino (درياءَ ڏنو, meaning the gift of river), as without the Indus the city would be a desert. People of Sukkur speak Sindhi (72%), Urdu (15.5%), Punjabi (4%), Pashto (1.5%), Balochi (1%), and others 1%.[citation needed]
The city of Sukkur, as well as being district headquarters, is the capital of Sukkur Talukas and contains many Union council.
The district of Sukkur (whose name is derived from its head quarter Sukkur city) covers an area of 5,165 square kilometres. Geographically it is spanned from 27°05' to 28°02' north latitudes and from 68°47' to 69°43' east longitudes. The city of Sukkur is located at an altitude of 220 feet (67 m) from sea level, having terrestrial coordinates 68°52' east and 27°42' north. It is also the narrowest point of the lower Indus course.[citation needed]
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Tajwal
Tajwal is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Tajwal is located in the south of the district and is in the north western part of Havelian Tehsil, it is bounded by the following union councils, Nathia Gali to the north, Palak to the east, Seer Gharbi and Nara to the south, as well as Dewal Manal and Nara to the west.
Tajwal is a beautiful valley, near Changla Gali en-route from Murree to Abbottabad. From Murree to Nathiagali a small stop of Changlagali with little shops and hotels. On this stop a link road lead to Tajwal, Jeeps,Texi and Toyota Hice for public transport, simple man and women travel by these transport. Some basic necessity that is water, electric, school and road has been established in this village. The Nadi Aro is a small river that divides this village from Bagan. Culture and religious factor are common element in these villages. The main tribe of this area are the Karlal.
The Union Council of Tajwal is subdivided into the following areas: Nowshera, Pirkot, Tajwal and Topla.
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Tarbela Dam
Tarbela Dam (Urdu: تربیلا بند) on the Indus River in Pakistan is the second largest dam in the world by structural volume and the largest earth filled dam in the world. It is located in Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Islamabad. The dam is 485 feet (148 m) high above the riverbed. The dam forms the Tarbela Reservoir, with a surface area of approximately 250-square-kilometre (97 sq mi). The dam was completed in 1974 and was designed to store water from the Indus River for irrigation, flood control, and the generation of hydroelectric power.
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Taxila
Taxila (Urdu: ٹیکسلا) is a Tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province of Pakistan. It is an important archaeological site. Taxila is situated about 32 km (20 mi) northwest of Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi in Panjab; just off the Grand Trunk Road. Taxila lies 549 metres (1,801 ft) above sea level.
The city dates back to the Gandhara period and contains the ruins of the Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā which was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. In 1980, Taxila was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site with multiple locations. In 2006 it was ranked as the top tourist destination in Pakistan by The Guardian newspaper.
Scattered references in later works indicate that Takshashila may have dated back to at least the 5th century BCE. Takṣaśilā is reputed to derive its name from Takṣa, who was the son of Bharata, the brother of Rama, and Mandavi. Legend has it that Takṣa ruled a kingdom called Takṣa Khanda, and founded the city of Takṣaśilā. According to another theory propounded by Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi, Takṣaśilā is related to Takṣaka, Sanskrit for "carpenter", and is an alternative name for the Nāgas of ancient India.
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Thandiani
Thandiani (literally meaning 'Very Cold') is a hill station in the Galyat area of Pakistan.
Thandiani was originally granted as a lease to some members of the famous Battye family , in British India, who were dynamic Christian missionaries and also found in civil and military service, and who produced such famous scions as Wigram Battye and Quintin Battye; and the Battyes subsequently gifted the location to the church authorities, where a Sanatorium and various other facilities were set up during the British rule, mostly for the convenience of missionaries, Anglican church personnel and officers stationed at the neighbouring cantonment of Abbottabad. It contained some private European houses, a camping ground, a small bazaar, and the small seasonal church of St Xavier in the Wilderness which were occupied only during the summer months
Thandiani is located in the south of Abbottabad District at 34°13'60N 73°22'0E and is about 31 kilometres from Abbottabad city in the foothills of the Himalayas. To the east beyond the Kunhar River lies the fabulous snow covered Pir Panjal mountain range of Kashmir. Visible to the north and northeast are the mountains of Kohistan and Kaghan. To the northwest are the snowy ranges of Swat and Chitral. The hills of Thandiani are about 9,000 feet (2,750 m) above sea level. Most of the people of residing here belong to the Qureshi, Gujjar, and Karlal tribes. The nearest villages are Inderseri, Chattri, and Siyalkot.
wn.com/Thandiani -
Thatta
Coordinates: 24°44′46.02″N 67°55′27.61″E / 24.7461167°N 67.9243361°E / 24.7461167; 67.9243361
Thatta (Sindhi: ٺٽو, Urdu: ٹھٹہ) is a historic town of 220,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. Thatta's major monument, the necropolis at Makli is listed among the World Heritage Sites. The Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta is also mentioned separately on the tentative list since 1993. Located 62 miles (98 kilometeres) east of the provincial capital of Sindh; Karachi, it makes for a practical escape for people from the city seeking to visit the picturesque old town.
The city, formerly commanding the delta of the Indus, was the capital of Lower Sindh from the 14th century onwards. During the ruling period of the Soomro Tribe Thatta was the capital of Sindh for 95 years. Between 1592-1739, it was governed in the name of the Mughal emperors of Delhi. In 1739 however, following the Battle of Karnal, the province was ceded to Nadir Shah of Persia, after which Thatta fell into neglect as the Indus river started to silt up. In the 17th Century, the Dutch East India Company had a small tradingpost (comptoir) in Thatta.
wn.com/Thatta -
Toba Tek Singh
Toba Tek Singh (Punjabi(Shahmukhi)/Urdu: ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ) is a city and tehsil of Toba Tek Singh District in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
During British rule Toba Tek Singh was a tehsil of Lyallpur District. The population of the town in 1998 was 2549000
Toba Tek Singh originates its name from a Sikh Saint, Tek Singh. Tek Singh helped travellers by providing them shelter and food, regardless of their race or religion. In Punjabi, "Toba" means 'pond of water.' Much controversy has centered around the name of the city,[citation needed] due to the fact that it is an overwhelmingly Muslim city named after a Sikh Saint - but there have been no changes uptil now.[citation needed]
Toba Tek Singh has several institutions of higher education including:
Accountancy Institutes
Punjabi is the most spoken language. There is big and old religious school(madrassa)Jamia Darululoom Rabbania.It is working since 1940 It belongs to deobandi school of thought[citation needed].
Sadat Hasan Manto, an Urdu Novelist wrote a short story entitled "Toba Tek Singh" which is a satire on Partition; in the story, an inmate in an asylum frets over the question of whether his home town Toba Tek Singh is now in India or Pakistan. It was adapted into a short movie of the same name directed by Afia Nathaniel in 2005.
wn.com/Toba_Tek_Singh -
Ziarat
Ziarat (Urdu: زیارت) is the capital of Ziarat District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located at 30°22'47N 67°43'38E with an altitude of 2543 metres (8346 ft) and is a famous holiday resort of Balochistan and nearly every trip from Karachi to Quetta stops at Ziarat. Ziarat (literally ziarat is an Islamic shrine) was the summer residence of the chief commissioner of Baluchistan, and sanatorium for the European troops at Quetta: 8,850 ft (2,700 m). above the sea and 33 m. by cart-road from the railway. There is a good water supply, and the hills around are well-wooded and picturesque.
Ziarat is also very famous for its juniper forest. Junipers species Juniperus macropoda , Juniperous exceisa polycarpus or Pashthani Juniper are found in Ziarat districts and Zarghoon mount and some other mounted areas of Balochistan known as the second largest Juniper forest in the world, which covers an area of about 247,000 acres (1,000 km2). There are many important species found in this ecosystem including animal and birds, the Chakor partridge, bushes and ground flora which local people use these plants as indigenous treatments for a variety of diseases.The junipers are considered to be the real treasure of Ziarat. There are trees in the valley which are more than 5000 to 7000 years old. In Ziarat a herb called Ephedra sinica is found in abundance from which a chemical called ephedrine is extracted, an important constituent of various medicines, especially cough syrups. When the snow falls in Ziarat's winter the juniper valley is at its most beautiful.Chiltan Adventurers Association Balochistan is raising voice on National & International level as Juniper Defenders for the conservation of this world heritage since 1984.[citation needed]
wn.com/Ziarat
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
wn.com/Barack_Obama -
Dhund Abbasi
The Dhund Abbasi are a tribe of northern Pakistan.The tribe is spread throughout Circle Bakote in the Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Poonch District, Bagh, Kashmir, and the Murree Hills area.
There are two main theories about the origins of the Dhund Abbasi. They themselvs now claim that they came to ancient India (modern day Pakistan) from Egypt, as traders and merchants in commodities like fabrics, perfumes and diamonds. Envoys and traders of the Abbasids came to Taxila, ancient Pakistan, where they constructed a mosque and started preaching Islam by the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid around 844 CE. An 'Abbasi' scholar, Abu Fadhal, taught a Kashmiri King Onti Vermon in 882, and he translated the Quran into Hindi. This was the first translation of the Quran into an Indian language. In 1025 CE, Raja Mall of Jhelum, embraced Islam by Mahmud Ghazni and constructed a fort at Malot, Malpur near Islamabad in present day Pakistan administered Kashmir. He died in Jhelum.They established a colony near Delhi in 1232. Sardar Tolak Khan, who came to Kashmir during the reign of King Zain-ul-Abidin (1423 to 1474), settled in the Poonch area (now the Bagh District of Azad Kashmir) and that they spread eventually to the Hazara region of NWFP/Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from these areas.
wn.com/Dhund_Abbasi -
Omer Tarin
Omer Tarin (real name Omer Salim Khan), born March 1967, is a well-known Pakistani poet in English, research scholar, and social activist. In some editions of his works, the name is written as Omar Tarin.
Tarin was born in 1967 to the Tarin (or Tareen) family, or clan, of the Hazara region of the North-West Frontier (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), while his father was posted as a senior civil servant and administrator in Peshawar. From his maternal side, he is related to the Hayat family, of the Khattar tribe of Wah, in North Punjab. He was educated at the Burn Hall School (now Army Burn Hall College), Abbottabad and the Aitchison College, Lahore, Pakistan, prior to graduating from the University of the Punjab, Lahore. He later obtained various higher degrees in English and History/Postcolonial Studies from Pakistan and the United Kingdom respectively.
wn.com/Omer_Tarin -
Yasir Hameed
Yasir Hameed Qureshi (Urdu: یاسر حمید قریشی) (born 28 February 1978 in Peshawar, originally from Abbottabad) is a Pakistani cricketer. He scored two centuries on his Test debut against Bangladesh, becoming only the second player to do so. During his first thirty One Day International innings, he scored more runs than any other batsman, as well as scoring four successive opening partnerships of 100 or more with Imran Farhat, a unique achievement. He scored first 1000 ODI runs in just 22 matches, Fastest in Asia and third fastest in world.
Frail of build, Yasir's game is built on timing and an easy elegance. A technique more solid than many recent top-order Pakistani batsmen served him well in his career early on. His exploits in the one-day arena were initially as impressive, and he forged a superb combination with Imran Farhat at the top of the order: against New Zealand at home the pair put together a record four consecutive hundred partnerships. The early signs were promising then, but he developed a worrying tendency to waste his starts, making pretty 20s and then throwing it away, often by flailing at wide ones outside off. That saw him lose his place in the team in late 2004. Selectorial inconsistencies didn't help, Hameed being dropped the next match after scoring two fifties in a Test at Sydney. Thereafter opportunities have been limited: a few ODIs here and there (in all of which he has made contributions).
wn.com/Yasir_Hameed
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Abbottabad [The City Of Pines and Hills ] Documentary HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 77:30
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ █▓▒░► ABBOTTABAD HAZARA PAKISTAN ◄░▒▓█ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Is a city located in the Hazara region of the controversial Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1260 metres (4134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. It borders Pakistan Occupied Kashmir to the east. While the city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments, it is more well-known in the rest of the world for being the site of Osama bin Laden's compound where he was killed in 2011 Thanks You ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ █▓▒░►..... . SAJID HUSSAIN SHAH .....◄░▒▓█ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
http://wn.com/Abbottabad_The_City_Of_Pines_and_Hills_Documentary_HD
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ █▓▒░► ABBOTTABAD HAZARA PAKISTAN ◄░▒▓█ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Is a city located in the Hazara region of the controversial Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1260 metres (4134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. It borders Pakistan Occupied Kashmir to the east. While the city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments, it is more well-known in the rest of the world for being the site of Osama bin Laden's compound where he was killed in 2011 Thanks You ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ █▓▒░►..... . SAJID HUSSAIN SHAH .....◄░▒▓█ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
Eyewitness account of Bin laden killing in Abbottabad (with subtitles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:14
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
Pakistani news reporters went to compound of Bin laden's raid. Eyewitness of the raid tells strange things about the raid that Mainstream media never talked about. According to the eyewitness, all the troops that participated in raid were killed in helicopter explosion and the dead bodies were secretly recovered by Pakistan military and Police. If there were navy seals in that helicopter, they all died in the operation. Americans did not carry a single body back to their base.
http://wn.com/Eyewitness_account_of_Bin_laden_killing_in_Abbottabad_with_subtitles
Pakistani news reporters went to compound of Bin laden's raid. Eyewitness of the raid tells strange things about the raid that Mainstream media never talked about. According to the eyewitness, all the troops that participated in raid were killed in helicopter explosion and the dead bodies were secretly recovered by Pakistan military and Police. If there were navy seals in that helicopter, they all died in the operation. Americans did not carry a single body back to their base.
- published: 07 Aug 2011
- views: 41728
- author: kkbose
Satellite images, video of Osama compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Satellite pictures of Osama bin Laden's custom-made hideout in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan, were released by the US Department of Defence, providing further detail of the compound where the al-Qaida leader had allegedly been hiding for years. RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com RT on Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Satellite_images,_video_of_Osama_compound_in_Abbottabad,_Pakistan
Satellite pictures of Osama bin Laden's custom-made hideout in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan, were released by the US Department of Defence, providing further detail of the compound where the al-Qaida leader had allegedly been hiding for years. RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com RT on Twitter: twitter.com
- published: 03 May 2011
- views: 923784
- author: RussiaToday
Abbottabad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Abbottabad is a city located in the Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1260 metres (4134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. The city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments
http://wn.com/Abbottabad
Abbottabad is a city located in the Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1260 metres (4134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. The city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments
- published: 24 Sep 2011
- views: 18675
- author: TheBukhaari
First Snowfall In Nathiagali Abbottabad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:19
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Abbottabad: 07 January 2012, HCP team heading toward Natheagali to track snow-falling for you. It's a very popular destination as a day excursion as well as a weekend holiday. Nathia Gali is also known for its scenic beauty, hiking tracks, and pleasant weather, which is much cooler than the rest of galiaath due to it being higher altitude. If you ready to take a trip to Nathigali and need help with finding the right hotel and transportation with the right price contact us Info@hazara.com.pk and our team will make these arrangements for you at no charge.HCP is providing latest information regarding weather, megaevents in Hazara. We will welcome your suggestions.
http://wn.com/First_Snowfall_In_Nathiagali_Abbottabad
Abbottabad: 07 January 2012, HCP team heading toward Natheagali to track snow-falling for you. It's a very popular destination as a day excursion as well as a weekend holiday. Nathia Gali is also known for its scenic beauty, hiking tracks, and pleasant weather, which is much cooler than the rest of galiaath due to it being higher altitude. If you ready to take a trip to Nathigali and need help with finding the right hotel and transportation with the right price contact us Info@hazara.com.pk and our team will make these arrangements for you at no charge.HCP is providing latest information regarding weather, megaevents in Hazara. We will welcome your suggestions.
- published: 07 Jan 2012
- views: 5008
- author: Umar Farooq-HCP
Abbottabad - Maulana Tariq Jameel Bayan, 9 July 2012 - Part-1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:04
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
for more please visit, www.Islam555.blogspot.com and http Abbottabad - Maulana Tariq Jameel Bayan, 9 July 2012 - Part-1 A gathering in which thousands and thousands were present, with pin drop silence to listen to Maulana Tariq Jameel Sb's bayan about ALLAH & Rasul ALLAH SALALAHO ALIHI WASSALAM is the ever best event I attended here in Hazara, Aey ALLAH jo hum ne Suna is per Amal kerney ki Toufeeq sab ko Ataa Farma, AMIN ... (Dr Ehsen Naveed Irfan)
http://wn.com/Abbottabad_Maulana_Tariq_Jameel_Bayan,_9_July_2012_Part-1
for more please visit, www.Islam555.blogspot.com and http Abbottabad - Maulana Tariq Jameel Bayan, 9 July 2012 - Part-1 A gathering in which thousands and thousands were present, with pin drop silence to listen to Maulana Tariq Jameel Sb's bayan about ALLAH & Rasul ALLAH SALALAHO ALIHI WASSALAM is the ever best event I attended here in Hazara, Aey ALLAH jo hum ne Suna is per Amal kerney ki Toufeeq sab ko Ataa Farma, AMIN ... (Dr Ehsen Naveed Irfan)
- published: 09 Jul 2012
- views: 46549
- author: Ali Awan
Abbottabad - Maulana Tariq Jameel Bayan, 9 July 2012 - Part-2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:35
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
for more please visit, www.Islam555.blogspot.com and http Abbottabad - Maulana Tariq Jameel Bayan, 9 July 2012 - Part-2 A gathering in which thousands and thousands were present, with pin drop silence to listen to Maulana Tariq Jameel Sb's bayan about ALLAH & Rasul ALLAH SALALAHO ALIHI WASSALAM is the ever best event I attended here in Hazara, Aey ALLAH jo hum ne Suna is per Amal kerney ki Toufeeq sab ko Ataa Farma, AMIN ... (Dr Ehsen Naveed Irfan)
http://wn.com/Abbottabad_Maulana_Tariq_Jameel_Bayan,_9_July_2012_Part-2
for more please visit, www.Islam555.blogspot.com and http Abbottabad - Maulana Tariq Jameel Bayan, 9 July 2012 - Part-2 A gathering in which thousands and thousands were present, with pin drop silence to listen to Maulana Tariq Jameel Sb's bayan about ALLAH & Rasul ALLAH SALALAHO ALIHI WASSALAM is the ever best event I attended here in Hazara, Aey ALLAH jo hum ne Suna is per Amal kerney ki Toufeeq sab ko Ataa Farma, AMIN ... (Dr Ehsen Naveed Irfan)
- published: 09 Jul 2012
- views: 11386
- author: Ali Awan
PTI Abbottabad Hazara Protest against Muslim massacre in Burma - 27 July 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:53
- Updated: 03 Sep 2012
Abbottabad: After thousands of Killings in Burma, Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf is first political Party who staged protest in various cities of Pakistan. According to PTI Workers Burmese government's silence on mass killings of Rohingya Muslims is disturbing, Participants of Protest warned that continued persecution of the community in Myanmar will fuel communal hatred both locally and internationally. He urged the international community to pressurise the Burmese government to take urgent measures for ending the massacre.
http://wn.com/PTI_Abbottabad_Hazara_Protest_against_Muslim_massacre_in_Burma_27_July_2012
Abbottabad: After thousands of Killings in Burma, Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf is first political Party who staged protest in various cities of Pakistan. According to PTI Workers Burmese government's silence on mass killings of Rohingya Muslims is disturbing, Participants of Protest warned that continued persecution of the community in Myanmar will fuel communal hatred both locally and internationally. He urged the international community to pressurise the Burmese government to take urgent measures for ending the massacre.
- published: 29 Jul 2012
- views: 3992
- author: Umar Farooq-HCP
Imran Khan Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:28
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Imran Khan Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012) Apologies for the last 2mins video, where camera lost its focus
http://wn.com/Imran_Khan_Speech_at_Abbottabad_Jalsa_April_8,_2012
Imran Khan Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012) Apologies for the last 2mins video, where camera lost its focus
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 26727
- author: PTIOfficialVideos
Nathiagali, Abbottabad, Hazara, An Heaven on Earth serves as home to all major wildlife !
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Nathiagali, Abbottabad, Hazara- A Picturesque Town of Pakistan Nathiagali, clad in Pine, Walnut and Oak Maple trees, is the most picturesque hill station in the Pakistan. From Nathiagali one take many short strolls through the pine forests. Those who are more adventurous can take a longer trek to climb the top of Mukshpuri, which is 2800 meters high. The real enthusiasts can walk up a track starting from the Governor's House to the top of Miranjani Hill (2960 meters high), a beautiful trek that takes 6 to 7 hours both ways. Nathiagali, an heaven on earth is known for its scenic beauty, It is situated only 35 Km drive away from both Murree and Abbottabad. Nathiagali An Heaven on Earth serves as home to all major wildlife; various species of birds, insects, butterflies and animals. Horses are very common sight during the April to August months and attracted tourist to rides and see the beautiful scenic points in Nathiagali and Galliyat. Monkeys often come up to hotels, restaurants and guesthouses in search of food. Nathiagali best tourist spot serves as the administrative centre of Nathia Gali Union Council of District Abbottabad , At 2500 m (8200 ft), it is a popular tourist resort in the summer months ie May to August. IF you want to explore northern areas of Pakistan contact HCP travel Desk today! HCP Travel & Tourism Desk: Let us show you the Beautiful Pakistan.. HCP Travel desk helps in giving its clients a customized travel packages which includes Hotel Reservations ...
http://wn.com/Nathiagali,_Abbottabad,_Hazara,_An_Heaven_on_Earth_serves_as_home_to_all_major_wildlife_!
Nathiagali, Abbottabad, Hazara- A Picturesque Town of Pakistan Nathiagali, clad in Pine, Walnut and Oak Maple trees, is the most picturesque hill station in the Pakistan. From Nathiagali one take many short strolls through the pine forests. Those who are more adventurous can take a longer trek to climb the top of Mukshpuri, which is 2800 meters high. The real enthusiasts can walk up a track starting from the Governor's House to the top of Miranjani Hill (2960 meters high), a beautiful trek that takes 6 to 7 hours both ways. Nathiagali, an heaven on earth is known for its scenic beauty, It is situated only 35 Km drive away from both Murree and Abbottabad. Nathiagali An Heaven on Earth serves as home to all major wildlife; various species of birds, insects, butterflies and animals. Horses are very common sight during the April to August months and attracted tourist to rides and see the beautiful scenic points in Nathiagali and Galliyat. Monkeys often come up to hotels, restaurants and guesthouses in search of food. Nathiagali best tourist spot serves as the administrative centre of Nathia Gali Union Council of District Abbottabad , At 2500 m (8200 ft), it is a popular tourist resort in the summer months ie May to August. IF you want to explore northern areas of Pakistan contact HCP travel Desk today! HCP Travel & Tourism Desk: Let us show you the Beautiful Pakistan.. HCP Travel desk helps in giving its clients a customized travel packages which includes Hotel Reservations ...
- published: 24 Jun 2012
- views: 4474
- author: Umar Farooq-HCP
Abbottabad, Hazara- Getting ready for the PTI Imran Khan Jalsa on 8th APRIL 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
HCP Cam on the Roads of Abbottabad Hazara ..Just a quick look on the final Jalsa preparations . Mesmerizing atmosphere at Abbottabad and Jalsa Ga- Change is COMING soon ..Stay Tuned for more details & visit the 1st on line portal of Hazara (www.hazara.com.pk) for LIVE streaming for Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Jalsa at Abbottabad on 8th April 2012 ..
http://wn.com/Abbottabad,_Hazara_Getting_ready_for_the_PTI_Imran_Khan_Jalsa_on_8th_APRIL_2012
HCP Cam on the Roads of Abbottabad Hazara ..Just a quick look on the final Jalsa preparations . Mesmerizing atmosphere at Abbottabad and Jalsa Ga- Change is COMING soon ..Stay Tuned for more details & visit the 1st on line portal of Hazara (www.hazara.com.pk) for LIVE streaming for Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Jalsa at Abbottabad on 8th April 2012 ..
- published: 07 Apr 2012
- views: 14306
- author: Umar Farooq-HCP
Promotional Video for Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf ABBOTTABAD JALSA APRIL 8th, 2012 by HCP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Promotional video for PTI & ISF Hazara- Come join hands with Imran Khan for a better Pakistan on April 8th, 2012. The impact of PTI Tsunami will be felt in Abbottabad. Haripur, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Battagram, Kohistan & Torghar. VIDEO Created BY: HCP ( Hazara.Com.PK)
http://wn.com/Promotional_Video_for_Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf_ABBOTTABAD_JALSA_APRIL_8th,_2012_by_HCP
Promotional video for PTI & ISF Hazara- Come join hands with Imran Khan for a better Pakistan on April 8th, 2012. The impact of PTI Tsunami will be felt in Abbottabad. Haripur, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Battagram, Kohistan & Torghar. VIDEO Created BY: HCP ( Hazara.Com.PK)
- published: 30 Mar 2012
- views: 13589
- author: Umar Farooq-HCP
PTI Tsunami ready to touchdown in Abbottabad Hazara ! Watch it Live on Hazara.com.pk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
******Live Streaming of Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Tsunami in Abbottabad****** Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Jalsa at Abbottabad on 8th April 2012-- LIVE Stream and Update from Abbottabad Hazara on www.hazara.com.pk at 1 Pm Pakistan Time ! HCP is the first online portal of Hazara, KPK, Pakistan. HCP provides latest videos, pictures, news, articles, educational institutions reviews, politics reviews, personality interviews, forums, polls, blogs, music reviews, online classifieds, business and industry information, gifts, overseas Pakistanis, jobs, tourism, and hazara food trends. HCP group services include IT services, travel and tourism, video production and video editing services, online jobs and recruitment, HCP consultants, content writing, classifieds, news, gifts, and marketing and advertising. IF you want to subscribe to HCP SMS service please click on the following link to Subscribe. www.hazara.com.pk Also join us on Facebook, YouTube and twitter. Thanks HCP ( Hazara.com.pk)...
http://wn.com/PTI_Tsunami_ready_to_touchdown_in_Abbottabad_Hazara_!_Watch_it_Live_on_Hazaracompk
******Live Streaming of Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Tsunami in Abbottabad****** Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Jalsa at Abbottabad on 8th April 2012-- LIVE Stream and Update from Abbottabad Hazara on www.hazara.com.pk at 1 Pm Pakistan Time ! HCP is the first online portal of Hazara, KPK, Pakistan. HCP provides latest videos, pictures, news, articles, educational institutions reviews, politics reviews, personality interviews, forums, polls, blogs, music reviews, online classifieds, business and industry information, gifts, overseas Pakistanis, jobs, tourism, and hazara food trends. HCP group services include IT services, travel and tourism, video production and video editing services, online jobs and recruitment, HCP consultants, content writing, classifieds, news, gifts, and marketing and advertising. IF you want to subscribe to HCP SMS service please click on the following link to Subscribe. www.hazara.com.pk Also join us on Facebook, YouTube and twitter. Thanks HCP ( Hazara.com.pk)...
- published: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 5026
- author: Umar Farooq-HCP
Funfair At Ayub Medical College Abbottabad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:52
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
Special thanks to Dr Ashfaq Utmanzay & Dr Mobeen of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, for arranging such a marvalous Funfair for special children, In this Fundraising compaign, both of them showed great passion for awarness of Disability, they encouraged & forced people to come on special children's stall, & buy sometheing, its a great carefree, colourful,& joyable day for special children,
http://wn.com/Funfair_At_Ayub_Medical_College_Abbottabad
Special thanks to Dr Ashfaq Utmanzay & Dr Mobeen of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, for arranging such a marvalous Funfair for special children, In this Fundraising compaign, both of them showed great passion for awarness of Disability, they encouraged & forced people to come on special children's stall, & buy sometheing, its a great carefree, colourful,& joyable day for special children,
- published: 04 Apr 2012
- views: 1361
- author: Kingston School
PTI Songs/Taranay and crowd at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
PTI Songs/Taranay and crowd at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
http://wn.com/PTI_Songs_Taranay_and_crowd_at_Abbottabad_Jalsa_April_8,_2012
PTI Songs/Taranay and crowd at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 16352
- author: PTIOfficialVideos
Abrar-ul-Haq Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Abrar-ul-Haq Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
http://wn.com/Abrar-ul-Haq_Speech_at_Abbottabad_Jalsa_April_8,_2012
Abrar-ul-Haq Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 8421
- author: PTIOfficialVideos
Imran Khan full address in PTI's Abbottabad Jalsa in one video (8 April PTI's Tsunami in Hazara)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:05
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
for full coverage of PTI's Jalsa in Abbottabad visit, www.PakistanOnline4u.blogspot.com http Chairman Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Imran Khan addressing to a huge crowd in degree college ground Abbottabad. ABBOTTABAD: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Chairman Imran Khan Sunday claimed that his party would create a new Pakistan by pulling the country out of the clutches of the US and blamed the leadership of the Pakistan People's Party and Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz for the prevailing crises in the country. Addressing a sizeable public gathering at the Government College ground here, Imran said the PTI would do away with the US imposed war on terrorism after coming into power and would never allow the killing of Pakistanís people. "Negotiations with tribal elders will ultimately end this war, which benefits our enemies," the PTI chief added. "Our soldiers and innocent citizens are being killed in the so-called war on terrorism and no one knows who will win," he added. Imran claimed that President Zardari, Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani, Asfandyar Wali Khan, Nawaz Sharif and Maulana Fazlur Rehman had no intention to quit the war since it served their own interests. He said the country was facing price hikes, unemployment and other challenges but the rulers were busy looting the country. "The PTI has a plan to put the country on the road to progress and prosperity. We will curb corruption and bring corrupt elements to justice," the PTI chief pledged. Imran pointed out that Turkey ...
http://wn.com/Imran_Khan_full_address_in_PTI's_Abbottabad_Jalsa_in_one_video_8_April_PTI's_Tsunami_in_Hazara
for full coverage of PTI's Jalsa in Abbottabad visit, www.PakistanOnline4u.blogspot.com http Chairman Pakistan Tehreek Insaf Imran Khan addressing to a huge crowd in degree college ground Abbottabad. ABBOTTABAD: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Chairman Imran Khan Sunday claimed that his party would create a new Pakistan by pulling the country out of the clutches of the US and blamed the leadership of the Pakistan People's Party and Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz for the prevailing crises in the country. Addressing a sizeable public gathering at the Government College ground here, Imran said the PTI would do away with the US imposed war on terrorism after coming into power and would never allow the killing of Pakistanís people. "Negotiations with tribal elders will ultimately end this war, which benefits our enemies," the PTI chief added. "Our soldiers and innocent citizens are being killed in the so-called war on terrorism and no one knows who will win," he added. Imran claimed that President Zardari, Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani, Asfandyar Wali Khan, Nawaz Sharif and Maulana Fazlur Rehman had no intention to quit the war since it served their own interests. He said the country was facing price hikes, unemployment and other challenges but the rulers were busy looting the country. "The PTI has a plan to put the country on the road to progress and prosperity. We will curb corruption and bring corrupt elements to justice," the PTI chief pledged. Imran pointed out that Turkey ...
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 5912
- author: Ali Awan
Imran khan Jalsa Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (08-April-2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:04
- Updated: 22 May 2012
http://wn.com/Imran_khan_Jalsa_Speech_at_Abbottabad_Jalsa_08-April-2012
NEVER HAPPENED - Abbottabad Pakistan Villagers, Osama Bin Laden Video Was Faked - BBC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:55
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Abbottabad Pakistan Villagers: Bin Laden Video "Was Faked". "His Name is Akbar Jahan(?), He Own the house they say is osama's house, I know him very well." "This Picture Is Not Osama." They Claim the attack never happened and claim man on video is neighbor. www.PrisonPlanet.com http www.LegalBuds.co.uk
http://wn.com/NEVER_HAPPENED_Abbottabad_Pakistan_Villagers,_Osama_Bin_Laden_Video_Was_Faked_BBC
Abbottabad Pakistan Villagers: Bin Laden Video "Was Faked". "His Name is Akbar Jahan(?), He Own the house they say is osama's house, I know him very well." "This Picture Is Not Osama." They Claim the attack never happened and claim man on video is neighbor. www.PrisonPlanet.com http www.LegalBuds.co.uk
- published: 08 May 2011
- views: 15907
- author: MrJrBuds
Javed Hashmi Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 09 May 2012
Javed Hashmi Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
http://wn.com/Javed_Hashmi_Speech_at_Abbottabad_Jalsa_April_8,_2012
Javed Hashmi Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 5306
- author: PTIOfficialVideos
Shah Mahmood Qureshi Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:31
- Updated: 24 Sep 2012
Shah Mahmood Qureshi Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
http://wn.com/Shah_Mahmood_Qureshi_Speech_at_Abbottabad_Jalsa_April_8,_2012
Shah Mahmood Qureshi Speech at Abbottabad Jalsa (April 8, 2012)
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 12191
- author: PTIOfficialVideos
HCP EXCLUSIVE report from WOMEN Medical College ABBOTTABAD, HAZARA- APRIL 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:51
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Abbottabad: Watch HCP's exclusive report of Cancer Awareness program at WOMEN Medical College Abbottabad, Hazara, Pakistan. These young doctors of Cancer support group & WMC have done a great job of raising the public awareness of cancer and it's prevention. They also gave tips to folks to how to keep the balance diet and how they can prevent cancer. This was a great event and HCP want to say special thank you to all the organizers and management staff for organizing such a great event HCP will continue to support your efforts to create more awareness in the other Parts of Hazara Division Inshallah .. Keep up the good work and do share these events with us in Advance using our community calendar on www.hazara.com.pk or post it our Facebook group so we can get more volunteers to help with this noble cause. Little intro about Women Medical College, Abbotatbad if you want more details go their website. www.wmc.edu.pk Women Medical College Abbottabad, is situated in the scenic town of Abbottabad, about 05 km from the heart of the city on Murree Road, Nawanshehr. The calm and quiet atmosphere, abundant, greenery and cool shades provide congenial and an ideally suitable environment for learning to the students and staff. The college is housed in a historic building commonly known in the city as "HOTI PALACE" which is spread over an area of 50 kanals of land. Almost 60% of the area is covered by the campus building ie old and new and the rest 40% is comprising of lush green ...
http://wn.com/HCP_EXCLUSIVE_report_from_WOMEN_Medical_College_ABBOTTABAD,_HAZARA_APRIL_2012
Abbottabad: Watch HCP's exclusive report of Cancer Awareness program at WOMEN Medical College Abbottabad, Hazara, Pakistan. These young doctors of Cancer support group & WMC have done a great job of raising the public awareness of cancer and it's prevention. They also gave tips to folks to how to keep the balance diet and how they can prevent cancer. This was a great event and HCP want to say special thank you to all the organizers and management staff for organizing such a great event HCP will continue to support your efforts to create more awareness in the other Parts of Hazara Division Inshallah .. Keep up the good work and do share these events with us in Advance using our community calendar on www.hazara.com.pk or post it our Facebook group so we can get more volunteers to help with this noble cause. Little intro about Women Medical College, Abbotatbad if you want more details go their website. www.wmc.edu.pk Women Medical College Abbottabad, is situated in the scenic town of Abbottabad, about 05 km from the heart of the city on Murree Road, Nawanshehr. The calm and quiet atmosphere, abundant, greenery and cool shades provide congenial and an ideally suitable environment for learning to the students and staff. The college is housed in a historic building commonly known in the city as "HOTI PALACE" which is spread over an area of 50 kanals of land. Almost 60% of the area is covered by the campus building ie old and new and the rest 40% is comprising of lush green ...
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 2999
- author: Umar Farooq-HCP
photo: AP / Sergei Chuzavkov
19 Jan 2013
MOSCOW — The government of President Viktor F. Yanukovich of Ukraine said Friday that it planned to bring murder charges against his political rival, the jailed former prime minister, Yulia V. Tymoshenko, in connection with the 1996 assassination of a member of Parliament. Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... He said that Ms ... Ms ... Ms ... ... ....(size: 8.0Kb)
photo: AP / Echorouk Elyaoumi
21 Jan 2013
Algerian security forces on Sunday made grisly discoveries of dozens of bodies at a sprawling natural gas facility, a day after a violent showdown put an end to an international hostage crisis. But as Algeria tallied up the losses, a debate was emerging about whether the militant group linked to al-Qaida that seized the plant had been intent on a massacre or whether it had simply been after money ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. 1st Class Abram Pinnington
20 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON -- The war rages about cities with names such as Goa and Timbuktu, in a sparsely populated, mostly flat, dusty and landlocked country in northwest Africa. The combatants include a nomadic Berber people known as Tuareg, the French Foreign Legion and a coalition of al-Qaida affiliates who identify themselves with the Maghreb, the desert region of Northwestern Africa ... Some U.S ... Afghanistan ... J ... "They go to where the fight is ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
20 Jan 2013
The world's 100 richest people earned enough money last year to end world extreme poverty four times over, according to released by international rights group and charity Oxfam. The $240 billion net income of the world's 100 richest billionaires would have ended poverty four times over, according to the London-based group's report released on Saturday ... [...] We're anti-poverty agency ... You don't normally hear us talking about wealth ... ....(size: 18.5Kb)
photo: AP / Patrick Semansky
20 Jan 2013
US President Barack Obama has blamed "terrorists" for the death of 23 hostages at a besieged desert gas facility in Algeria. A four-day siege at the In Amenas site was ended on Saturday by an army raid. At least five Britons, five Norwegians and 10 Japanese are dead or missing, while Algeria said its troops had killed all 32 hostage-takers ... Continue reading the main story Foreign citizens involved ... Hostage crisis in Algeria ... ....(size: 5.9Kb)
Khaleej Times
21 Jan 2013
On Friday, NAB Assistant Director Kamran Faisal was found hanging from a ceiling fan in his room in the Federal Lodges here. His hands were tied and the computer on which he had written the report was found missing ... The commission set up by the government would be headed by former Supreme Court judge Javed Iqbal who had also investigated the May 2 US attack in Abbottabad last year which killed Osama bin Laden....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Hindu
21 Jan 2013
After a couple of days of interrogating David Headley, Behera thought he had more or less figured him out. He knew that Headley would tell him much of what he knew and had done, primarily because he had a boastful streak in him. All Behera had to do was egg him on. So far, the strategy was working beautifully ... This was at a seminar in Abbottabad. I am sure all of us in this room know about Abbottabad, which houses a large military base....(size: 12.5Kb)
The Hindu
21 Jan 2013
After a couple of days of interrogating David Headley, Behera thought he had more or less figured him out. He knew that Headley would tell him much of what he knew and had done, primarily because he had a boastful streak in him. All Behera had to do was egg him on. So far, the strategy was working beautifully ... This was at a seminar in Abbottabad. I am sure all of us in this room know about Abbottabad, which houses a large military base....(size: 12.6Kb)
The Hindu
21 Jan 2013
After a couple of days of interrogating David Headley, Behera thought he had more or less figured him out. He knew that Headley would tell him much of what he knew and had done, primarily because he had a boastful streak in him. All Behera had to do was egg him on. So far, the strategy was working beautifully ... This was at a seminar in Abbottabad. I am sure all of us in this room know about Abbottabad, which houses a large military base....(size: 12.6Kb)
The Times of India
20 Jan 2013
It's the most talked-about film on the Oscars list - and not just because the critics are raving about it ... In the hours and days after the raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan , White House and Pentagon officials held a series of contradictory briefings, and more than 18 months later many details remain unknown . Indeed, the NSA said much of the operation was still "shrouded in secrecy"....(size: 2.6Kb)
The Independent
20 Jan 2013
It's not a documentary ... Zero Dark Thirty, military slang for half past midnight and the time the Navy Seal team arrived at the Bin Laden compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, is a film in three acts ... George replies ... the 10-year Search for Bin Laden from 9/11 to Abbottabad, recently revealed that after seeing a preview of the movie, he and other national security experts advised that the torture scenes were "overwrought" ... ....(size: 10.8Kb)
Fox News
20 Jan 2013
Sunday, Jan. 20, 2013. President Obama takes the oath of office at the official swearing-in ceremony in the Blue Room of the White House, in Washington, D.C.AP ... For the president, the second-term essentially began just after Election Day when he started negotiating with congressional Republicans on the fiscal crisis. However, it took a tragic yet pivotal turn Dec ... And last week, the 57th U.S ... special forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
Huffington Post
20 Jan 2013
SANAA, Yemen -- Yemeni military officials say eight people have been killed in two suspected U.S. drone strikes in Abieda valley in central Marib province. Residents contacted by The Associated Press say that at least two of the eight people killed in Saturday evening's strikes were known al-Qaida militants of Saudi nationality ... The U.S ... Also on HuffPost ... He was killed during a raid of his compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by US forces ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
Ohio
20 Jan 2013
New York. Presidential inaugurations are traditionally occasions for stroking one’s chin and offering sober assessments of what the president and the nation can accomplish in the next four years. This is bound to be an exercise in futility. Four years ago, as Barack Obama took the oath, no one had heard of the tea party, Obamacare, the Deepwater Horizon, Abbottabad, the Arab Spring, Sheldon Adelson or the 47 percent ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
20 Jan 2013
Pakistani shopkeepers are boycotting two new video games which they say portray the country as a failed state, riddled with terrorism and where security forces are in league with al-Qaeda. Medal of Honor ... By Rob Crilly, Islamabad. 11.48AM GMT 20 Jan 2013. Both Medal of Honor ... Related Articles ... The game was developed with help from Seal Team Six, including one member who was on the covert raid to kill Osama bin Laden in Abbottabad in 2011 ... ....(size: 12.2Kb)
The Examiner
19 Jan 2013
Renowned filmmaker Greg Barker's documentary film "Manhunt" will screen in the U.S. Documentary competition at this year's Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah. "Manhunt" examines the real search for Osama bin Laden, America’s public enemy number one, who was killed by Navy SEALs in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan ... These women were trying to take down bin Laden before most of us even knew his name ... Manhunt promoManhunt promo ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
The Star
19 Jan 2013
What do those who have choreographed the ridiculous events unfolding in Islamabad really want? Heres my take. ISLAMABAD. To unlock the mercurial intentions that lie behind the thinly veiled theatre of the absurd under way in Islamabad, consider the predicament of the pawn in a game of chess ... His journey has not been an easy one ... He has dutifully fortified his king in moments of extreme peril Swat, Abbottabad, Mumbai ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
For other uses, see Abbottabad (disambiguation).
| Abbottabad ایبٹ آباد |
|
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| Abbottabad |
|
 |
|
 Abbottabad
|
|
| Coordinates: 34°9′21″N 73°13′10″E / 34.15583°N 73.21944°E / 34.15583; 73.21944Coordinates: 34°9′21″N 73°13′10″E / 34.15583°N 73.21944°E / 34.15583; 73.21944 | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Province | 22x20px Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| District | Abbottabad |
| Government | |
| • Nazim | Haider Zaman |
| • Naib Nazim | Liaqat Ali Khan |
| Elevation | 1,260 m (4,130 ft) |
| Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
| Calling code | 0992 |
| Number of Union Councils | 6[1] |
| Website | http://www.abottabad.gov.pk |
| Abbottabad District Government | |
Abbottabad /əˈbɒtəbɑːd/ (Urdu, Hindko: ایبٹ آباد Ābṭābād [aːbʈaːˈbaːd̪]) is a city located in the Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1,260 metres (4,134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. It borders Azad Kashmir to the east. The city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments.[2]
Contents |
History[link]
The town of Abbottabad, under the British Raj, was the headquarters of the Hazara District during British rule of India. It was named after Major James Abbott who founded the town and district in January 1853 after the annexation of Punjab. He remained the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara district from 1849 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having written a poem titled "Abbottabad", before he went back to Britain, in which he wrote of his fondness for the town and his sadness at having to leave it. In the early 20th century, Abbottabad became an important military cantonment and sanatorium, serving as the headquarters of a brigade in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps.[3] The garrison consisted of four battalions of native infantry, of the Frontier Force (including the 5th Gurkha Rifles) and two native mountain batteries.[4]
In 1901, the population of the town and cantonment was 7,764[3] and the income averaged around Rs. 14,900. This increased to Rs. 22,300 in 1903, chiefly derived from octroi. During this time chief public institutions were built such as the Albert Victor unaided Anglo-Vernacular High School, the Municipal Anglo-Vernacular High School and the Government dispensary.[4] In 1911, the population had risen to 11,506 and the town also contained four battalions of Gurkhas.[5]
In June 1948, the British Red Cross opened a hospital in Abbottabad to deal with thousands of patients who were being brought in from the Kashmir fighting areas.[6]
In October 2005 Abbottabad was devastated by the Kashmir earthquake. Although most of Abbottabad survived, many older buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.[7] In May 2011, Abbottabad gained worldwide attention when U.S. President Barack Obama announced that Osama bin Laden had been killed in his compound in the city.[8][9] Later, Pakistani authorities demolished the house where Osama bin Laden lived for years.[10]
Geography[link]
The city is bounded at all four sides by the Sarban hills, from which residents and tourists can see breathtaking views of the region and city. The location of the city and the hills allows Abbottabad to experience pleasant weather in the summer and cold winters. The Dor river flows south of Abbottabad through the town of Harnol, eventually reaching Tarbela Dam, situated west of Abbottabad. Neighbouring districts are Mansehra to the north, Muzaffarabad to the east, Haripur to the west and Rawalpindi to the south.
Topography[link]
Abbottabad is situated in the Orash Valley lying between 34°09′N latitude and 73°13′E longitude at an altitude of 4,120 feet (1,260 m).
Climate[link]
Abbottabad has a semi-arid climate, with mild to warm temperatures during the spring and autumn months, hot temperatures during June and July and cool to mild temperatures during the winter. The temperature can rise as high as 35 °C (95 °F) during the mid-summer months and drop below 0 °C (32 °F) during the winter months. Snowfall can occur in January, though it is sparse, while the rare occasion of rainfall occurs during the short monsoon season stretching from July to September and frequently causes flooding.
| Climate data for Abbottabad, Pakistan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 12 (54) |
14 (57) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
28 (82) |
33 (91) |
30 (86) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
25 (77) |
20 (68) |
15 (59) |
22 (72) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2 (36) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
12 (54) |
16 (61) |
20 (68) |
20 (68) |
19 (66) |
17 (63) |
13 (55) |
8 (46) |
4 (39) |
11 (52) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 73 (2.87) |
103 (4.06) |
123 (4.84) |
104 (4.09) |
73 (2.87) |
77 (3.03) |
247 (9.72) |
244 (9.61) |
96 (3.78) |
51 (2.01) |
31 (1.22) |
47 (1.85) |
1,269 (49.96) |
| Source: Weatherbase[11] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
Languages[link]
According to the 1998 Census of the 881,000 who resided in the Abbottabad District, Hindko was spoken by 94.26% of the population, followed by Potohari at 2.30%, Pashto at 2.22% and Urdu at 1.05%.[12] Although the first language of most people in the district is Hindko, Urdu is understood and spoken fluently by majority of the residents and used in markets, offices and formal functions as the official language. English is widely used in business and education.
Government[link]
Abbottabad is the headquarters of Hazara Division and Abbottabad District. The District Nazim, Commissioner, Inspector General and Forest Conservator all reside in Abbottabad. The city is divided into localities, towns, colonies and neighbourhoods. In addition to the civil administration, the town is also the regimental headquarters for the Frontier Force Regiment, the Baloch Regiment and Pakistan Army Medical Corps.
Tourism[link]
Abbottabad has been attracting tourists to the city since the colonial era, as it is a major transit point to all major tourist regions of Pakistan such as Nathiagali, Ayubia and Naran. According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, "the town is picturesquely situated at the southern corner of the Rash (Orash) plain, 4,120 feet (1,260 m) above the sea".[4]
Like much of the mountainous Northern Areas, tourism is one of the important sources of income in Abbottabad. In the summer when temperatures rise to around 45 degrees Celsius in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a large number of tourists travel to Abbottabad.
The Karakoram Highway, which traces one of the paths of the ancient Silk Road, starts from Hasan Abdal on the N5 and heads north passing through the city, eventually reaching Khunjerab Pass. The Karakorum Highway is a major attraction itself for its views. The Karakoram, Himalayas and the Hindu Kush ranges can be approached from Abbottabad and it continues to be a transit city for tourists, serving as a base for visiting numerous nearby places, such as Hunza, Gilgit, Skardu and Indus Kohistan, of the Karakoram Range.[13]
Abbottabad is popular not just with visitors but with those looking to relocate. Its weather, peaceful reputation and the perceived security of a garrison have drawn many from other cities to work or educate their children. There was an influx of migrants from Azad Kashmir after the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake, another from Swat during military operations against militants in 2009 and 2010, and also from Waziristan after the army launched major operations against the Taliban in 2009.[14]
Some popular tourist destinations in and around Abbottabad include:
Education[link]
Main article: List of educational institutions in Abbottabad
Abbottabad has one of the country's highest literacy rates with 67% in 2007, ranking first in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and ninth overall in Pakistan. The city also has a young demographic (ages 15–30) due to a large number of students who have come from across the country to study in its schools, for example Army Burn Hall College and Abbottabad Public School. The city has a wide variety of post-secondary institutions, such as Frontier Medical College,[15] Ayub Medical College, COMSATS University of Science and Technology, and the University of Engineering & Technology.
Abbottabad is also home to the Pakistan Military Academy, a four-year coeducational federal service military academy that provides training to the officers of the Pakistan Army.[2] The academy has three training battalions, and 12 companies. Another 2,000 guests each year, from over 34 countries, receive some training at PMA.
Media[link]
The Daily Mahasib, published since 1997, is a leading local newspaper of the city.[16]
Sports[link]
The Abbottabad Falcons are the only professional sports team playing in Abbottabad and plays within the national Faysal Bank T20 Cup. Sports facilities in the city include:
- Abbottabad Cricket Stadium
- Abbottabad Hockey Stadium
- Abasin Karate & Martial Arts Training Center
- Jansher Khan Squash Complex
- AMC-PCB Ground
- Kunj Football Stadium
- Nawanshehr Football Ground
- Dhamtour Football Ground
- Banda Lamba Football Ground
- Kakul Ground
Transportation[link]
Abbottabad's main public transport consists of modified Taxis carry pick-up vans Suzukis, which can accommodate anywhere from 1 to 14 people at one time. Taxis are also available as well as wagons which connect Abbottabad to the surrounding cities and towns (ex. Nathiagali, Sherwan, Dhamtour, Haripur, Mansehra) in the region. Abbottabad is also served by Daewoo Express and Niazi Express, the NATCO, Skyways and many other bus services. Pakistan Railways does not serve Abbottabad however a PR Reservation Office is located in Fawara Chowk in the city centre. The nearest railway station is located in Havelian, which is the last and most northern station on the Pakistan Railway network. The station is approximately thirty minutes drive south from Abbottabad city centre.
See also[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Abbottabad |
- Abbottabad (poem)
- Ayub Medical College
- Karlal
- Dhund Abbasi
- Kakul
- Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan
- Ali Asghar Khan (Pakistani politician)
- Army Burn Hall College
- Khan Sultan Muhammad khan Jadoon
- Noor-ud-din Qureshi
- Omer Tarin
- Yasir Hameed (Test Cricketer)
- St. Luke's Church, Abbottabad
- Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad
References[link]
- ^ "URL accessed 5 April 2006". Nrb.gov.pk. 28 October 2005. http://www.nrb.gov.pk/zila_membership. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Pakistan Military Academy – Cadets Training". Pakistanarmy.gov.pk. 25 January 1948. http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=267&rnd=469. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
- ^ a b Abbottabad – Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
- ^ a b c "Abbottabad Town – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 1". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_009.gif. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ "The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Kashmir, by Sir James McCrone Douie". Gutenberg.org. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/24562/24562-h/24562-h.htm. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ "Partition of India and Pakistan 1947 – British Red Cross". Redcross.org.uk. http://www.redcross.org.uk/standard.asp?id=70104. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ "Doctor's diary". BBC News. 14 October 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4328028.stm. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ L. Meckler, A. Entous and Z. Hussain (1 May 2011). "U.S. Forces Kill Osama bin Laden Obama Says Sept. 11 Attacks Avenged in Commando Assault on Pakistani Compound; Body of Terror Mastermind Captured". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704569404576298063240517794.html.
- ^ "Osama bin Laden is dead, Obama announces". The Guardian. UK. 2 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 May 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/osama-bin-laden-dead-obama. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ "Osama Bin Laden's House In Abbottabad Destroyed". http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/27/osama-bin-ladens-house-destroyed_n_1303996.html. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Abbottabad, Pakistan". Weatherbase. 2009. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=415350&refer=&units=metric=.
- ^ "People Of District Abbottabad – Language". Replay.web.archive.org. 21 February 2008. http://replay.web.archive.org/20080221173836/http://www.abbottabad.sdnpk.org/people.htm. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ Tourism in District Abbottabad
- ^ "Hopes for bumper tourist season in Abbottabad". Dawn.Com. 15 May 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/15/hopes-for-bumper-tourist-season-in-abbottabad.html. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ http://www.digitallibrary.edu.pk/fron_med_college.html
- ^ Daily Mahasib
External links[link]
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| File:Maulana Tariq Jameel.jpeg | |
| Born | 1953 |
|---|---|
| Era | Modern era |
| Region | Pakistan |
| School | Sunni Hanafi |
| Notable ideas | Basic principles and practices of Islam and Global brotherhood |
Maulana Tariq Jameel (Urdu: مولانا طارق جمیل) (born 1953) is an Islamic scholar from Pakistan.[1] His native town is Tulambah near Mian Channu. His father was an agriculturist who belonged to the Muslim Rajputs community.[citation needed]
Tariq Jameel was born and raised in Mian Channu. In his childhood he lived a relatively modest life but religion was not a major part of his life and his family in particular. It wasn't until he pursued his M.B.B.S. in Lahore that his focus shifted towards Islam. After completing his Higher Secondary School education (a.k.a. F.Sc in some regions of Pakistan) in pre-medical (equivalent to A 'levels') from Government College, Lahore, he took admission in King Edward Medical College in Lahore. He intended to do his M.B.B.S., but he soon switched to Islamic education. He then went on to receive Islamic education from Jamia Arabia, Raiwind (near Lahore), Pakistan where he studied Quran, Hadith, Sharia, Tasawwuf, logic and Fiqh.[citation needed]
Contents |
Transition towards Islam[link]
His proclivity towards Islam grew during hostel life in Lahore and can mainly be attributed to the group members of Tablighi Jamaat who he became friends with during his college life.[citation needed]
Rise to prominence[link]
He has a simple style of elaborating the purpose of human life and its creation and often uses scientific examples to support his argument. He has delivered lectures to all types of communities in the society with the attendees being doctors, engineers, professors, businessmen, landlords, government officials, TV/film artists, ministers/politicians and sports celebrities.[citation needed]
Islamic teachings[link]
Tariq Jameel’s lectures incorporate a wide range of issues of Islam and social concern. He especially emphasizes on self-purification, avoidance of violent ways, observance of Allah’s orders and to follow the Prophet [[Muhammad PBUH's sunnah. He is a staunch critic of moral degeneration, indecent practices and shamelessness.[citation needed]
References[link]
Maulana Tariq Jameel Latest Bayan
- ^ "Hundreds of thousands attend Tableeghi Ijtema in Raiwind". 2008-10-19. http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=141819. Retrieved 2009-08-01. [dead link]
External links[link]
- Maulana Tariq Jameel Video Bayan
- Maulana Tariq Jameel (Also Molana Tariq Jamil) Urdu MP3 Islamic Lectures Bayans
- Latest Lectures of Maulana Tariq Jameel from in HQ MP3 Format
- A complete list of all of Maulana Tariq Jamils speeches. Over 1250 Lectures
- Tariq Jamil Web Site
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jamil, Maulana Tariq Sahib |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1953 |
| Place of birth | not specified |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_Jameel
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Imran Khan, see Imran Khan (disambiguation).
| Imran Khan Niazi عمران خان نیازی |
|
|---|---|
_cropped.jpg) |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | (1952-11-25) 25 November 1952 (age 59) Lahore, West Punjab, Dominion of Pakistan |
| Political party | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
| Spouse(s) | Jemima Khan (1995–2004) |
| Children | Sulaiman Qasim Khan |
| Residence | Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Alma mater | Keble College, Oxford |
| Occupation | Politician Philanthropist Cricketer |
| Religion | Islam |
| Website | PTI |
Imran Khan Niazi (Urdu: عمران خان نیازی; born 25 November 1952) is a Pakistani politician and former cricketer, playing international cricket for two decades in the late twentieth century. After retiring, he entered politics. Currently, besides his political activism, Khan is also a philanthropist, cricket commentator, Chancellor of the University of Bradford and Founder and Chairman Board of Governors of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre.
Arguably Pakistan's most successful cricket captain, Khan played for the Pakistani cricket team from 1971 to 1992 and served as its captain intermittently throughout 1982–1992.[1] After retiring from cricket at the end of the 1987 World Cup, he was called back to join the team in 1988. At 39, Khan led his teammates to Pakistan's first and only World Cup victory in 1992. He has a record of 3807 runs and 362 wickets in Test cricket, making him one of eight world cricketers to have achieved an 'All-rounder's Triple' in Test matches.[2] On 14 July 2010, Khan was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.[3]
In April 1996, Khan founded and became the chairman of a political party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Movement for Justice).[4] He represented Mianwali as a member of the National Assembly from November 2002 to October 2007.[5] Foreign Policy magazine has described him as "Pakistan's Ron Paul".[6]
Through worldwide fundraising, he has also helped establish the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre in 1996 and Mianwali's Namal College in 2008.
Contents |
Family, education, and personal life[link]
Imran Khan was born in Lahore, the only son of Ikramullah Khan Niazi, a civil engineer, and his wife Shaukat Khanum.[7] Although long settled in Mianwali in Punjab, the family were of Pashtun ethnicity and belonged to the Niazi Shermankhel tribe.[8] A quiet and shy boy in his youth, Khan grew up with his four sisters in relatively affluent (upper middle-class) circumstances[9] and received a privileged education. He was educated the Cathedral School in Lahore, the Royal Grammar School Worcester in England, where he excelled at cricket, and at Aitchison College, Lahore. In 1972, he enrolled to study Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Keble College, Oxford, where he graduated with a second-class degree in Politics and a third in Economics.[10] Khan's mother hailed from the Burki family which had produced several successful hockey players,[7] as also cricketers such as Javed Burki and Majid Khan.[8] Early in life, Khan developed an interest in cricket, which is an extremely popular sport in Pakistan.
Marriage to Jemima Marcelle Goldsmith[link]
On 16 May 1995, Khan married Jemima Goldsmith, in an Islamic ceremony in Paris. A month later, on 21 June, they were married again in a civil ceremony at the Richmond register office in England, followed by a reception at the Goldsmiths' house in Surrey.[11] . The marriage, described as "tough" by Khan,[8] produced two sons, Sulaiman Isa (born 18 November 1996) and Kasim (born 10 April 1999).[12] As an agreement of his marriage, Khan spent four months a year in England. On 22 June 2004, it was announced that the Khans had divorced because it was "difficult for Jemima to adapt to life in Pakistan".[13] The marriage ended amicably. Imran has regular access to his children and his relationship with his ex-wife is friendly. Khan now resides in Bani Gala, Islamabad, where he built a farmhouse with the money he gained from selling his London flat. He grows fruit trees, wheat, and keeps cows, while also maintaining a cricket ground for his two sons, who visit during their holidays.[8]
Cricket career[link]
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born | (1952-11-25) 25 November 1952 (age 59) Lahore, West Punjab, Dominion of Pakistan |
|||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm fast | |||
| Role | All-rounder | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | Pakistan | |||
| Test debut (cap 65) | 3 June 1971 v England | |||
| Last Test | 2 January 1992 v Sri Lanka | |||
| ODI debut (cap 12) | 31 August 1974 v England | |||
| Last ODI | 25 March 1992 v England | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1977–1988 | Sussex | |||
| 1984/85 | New South Wales | |||
| 1975–1981 | PIA | |||
| 1971–1976 | Worcestershire | |||
| 1973–1975 | Oxford University | |||
| 1969–1971 | Lahore | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| Matches | 88 | 175 | 382 | 425 |
| Runs scored | 3,807 | 3,709 | 17,771 | 10,100 |
| Batting average | 37.69 | 33.41 | 36.79 | 33.22 |
| 100s/50s | 6/18 | 1/19 | 30/93 | 5/66 |
| Top score | 136 | 102* | 170 | 114* |
| Balls bowled | 19,458 | 7,461 | 65,224 | 19,122 |
| Wickets | 362 | 182 | 1,287 | 507 |
| Bowling average | 22.81 | 26.61 | 22.32 | 22.31 |
| 5 wickets in innings | 23 | 1 | 70 | 6 |
| 10 wickets in match | 6 | n/a | 13 | n/a |
| Best bowling | 8/58 | 6/14 | 8/34 | 6/14 |
| Catches/stumpings | 28/– | 36/– | 117/– | 84/– |
| Source: ESPNCricinfo, 24 December 2011 | ||||
| Pride of Performance Award Recipient | |
|---|---|
 Imran Khan was recipient of the Pride of Performance Award 1983 |
|
| Presented by | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Date | 1983 |
| Country | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Hilal-i-Imtiaz Award Recipient | |
|---|---|
| Presented by | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Date | 1992 |
| Country | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
Khan made a lacklustre first-class cricket debut at the age of sixteen in Lahore. By the start of the 1970s, he was playing for his home teams of Lahore A (1969–70), Lahore B (1969–70), Lahore Greens (1970–71) and, eventually, Lahore (1970–71).[14] Khan was part of Oxford University's Blues Cricket team during the 1973–75 seasons.[10] At Worcestershire, where he played county cricket from 1971 to 1976, he was regarded as only an average medium pace bowler. During this decade, other teams represented by Khan include Dawood Industries (1975–76) and Pakistan International Airlines (1975–76 to 1980–81). From 1983 to 1988, he played for Sussex.[2]
In 1971, Khan made his Test cricket debut against England at Birmingham. Three years later, he debuted in the One Day International (ODI) match, once again playing against England at Nottingham for the Prudential Trophy. After graduating from Oxford and finishing his tenure at Worcestershire, he returned to Pakistan in 1976 and secured a permanent place on his native national team starting from the 1976–77 season, during which they faced New Zealand and Australia.[14] Following the Australian series, he toured the West Indies, where he met Tony Greig, who signed him up for Kerry Packer's World Series Cricket.[2] His credentials as one of the fastest bowlers of the world started to establish when he finished third at 139.7 km/h in a fast bowling contest at Perth in 1978, behind Jeff Thomson and Michael Holding, but ahead of Dennis Lillee, Garth Le Roux and Andy Roberts.[2]
As a fast bowler, Khan reached the peak of his powers in 1982. In 9 Tests, he got 62 wickets at 13.29 each, the lowest average of any bowler in Test history with at least 50 wickets in a calendar year.[15] In January 1983, playing against India, he attained a Test bowling rating of 922 points. Although calculated retrospectively (ICC player ratings did not exist at the time), Khan's form and performance during this period ranks third in the ICC's All-Time Test Bowling Rankings.[16]
Khan achieved the all-rounder's triple (securing 3000 runs and 300 wickets) in 75 Tests, the second fastest record behind Ian Botham's 72. He is also established as having the second highest all-time batting average of 61.86 for a Test batsman playing at position 6 of the batting order.[17] He played his last Test match for Pakistan in January 1992, against Sri Lanka at Faisalabad. Khan retired permanently from cricket six months after his last ODI, the historic 1992 World Cup final against England at Melbourne, Australia.[18] He ended his career with 88 Test matches, 126 innings and scored 3807 runs at an average of 37.69, including six centuries and 18 fifties. His highest score was 136 runs. As a bowler, he took 362 wickets in Test cricket, which made him the first Pakistani and world's fourth bowler to do so.[2] In ODIs, he played 175 matches and scored 3709 runs at an average of 33.41. His highest score remains 102 not out. His best ODI bowling is documented at 6 wickets for 14 runs.
Captaincy[link]
At the height of his career, in 1982, the thirty-year-old Khan took over the captaincy of the Pakistan cricket team from Javed Miandad. Recalling his initial discomfort with this new role, he later said, "When I became the cricket captain, I couldn’t speak to the team directly I was so shy. I had to tell the manager, I said listen can you talk to them, this is what I want to convey to the team. I mean early team meetings I use to be so shy and embarrassed I couldn’t talk to the team."[19] As a captain, Khan played 48 Test matches, out of which 14 were won by Pakistan, 8 lost and the rest of 26 were drawn. He also played 139 ODIs, winning 77, losing 57 and ending one in a tie.[2]
In the team's second match under his leadership, Khan led them to their first Test win on English soil for 28 years at Lord's.[20] Khan's first year as captain was the peak of his legacy as a fast bowler as well as an all-rounder. He recorded the best Test bowling of his career while taking 8 wickets for 58 runs against Sri Lanka at Lahore in 1981–82.[2] He also topped both the bowling and batting averages against England in three Test series in 1982, taking 21 wickets and averaging 56 with the bat. Later the same year, he put up a highly acknowledged performance in a home series against the formidable Indian team by taking 40 wickets in six Tests at an average of 13.95. By the end of this series in 1982–83, Khan had taken 88 wickets in 13 Test matches over a period of one year as captain.[14]
This same Test series against India, however, also resulted in a stress fracture in his shin that kept him out of cricket for more than two years. An experimental treatment funded by the Pakistani government helped him recover by the end of 1984 and he made a successful comeback to international cricket in the latter part of the 1984–85 season.[2]
In 1987, Khan led Pakistan to its first ever Test series win in India, which was followed by Pakistan's first series victory in England the same year.[20] During the 1980s, his team also recorded three creditable draws against the West Indies. India and Pakistan co-hosted the 1987 World Cup, but neither ventured beyond the semi-finals. Khan retired from international cricket at the end of the World Cup. In 1988, he was asked to return to the captaincy by the President Of Pakistan, General Zia-Ul-Haq, and on 18 January, he announced his decision to rejoin the team.[2] Soon after returning to the captaincy, Khan led Pakistan to another winning tour in the West Indies, which he has recounted as "the last time I really bowled well".[8] He was declared Man of the Series against West Indies in 1988 when he took 23 wickets in 3 tests.[2]
Khan's career-high as a captain and cricketer came when he led Pakistan to victory in the 1992 Cricket World Cup. Playing with a brittle batting line-up, Khan promoted himself as a batsman to play in the top order along with Javed Miandad, but his contribution as a bowler was minimal. At the age of 39, Khan scored the highest runs of all the Pakistani batsmen and took the winning last wicket himself.[14]
Post-retirement[link]
In 1994, Khan had admitted that, during Test matches, he "occasionally scratched the side of the ball and lifted the seam." He had also added, "Only once did I use an object. When Sussex were playing Hampshire in 1981 the ball was not deviating at all. I got the 12th man to bring out a bottle top and it started to move around a lot."[21] In 1996, Khan successfully defended himself in a libel action brought forth by former English captain and all-rounder Ian Botham and batsman Allan Lamb over comments they alleged were made by Khan in two articles about the above-mentioned ball-tampering and another article published in an Indian magazine, India Today. They claimed that, in the latter publication, Khan had called the two cricketers "racist, ill-educated and lacking in class." Khan protested that he had been misquoted, saying that he was defending himself after having admitted that he tampered with a ball in a county match 18 years ago.[22] Khan won the libel case, which the judge labelled a "complete exercise in futility", with a 10–2 majority decision by the jury.[22]
Since retiring, Khan has written opinion pieces on cricket for various British and Asian newspapers, especially regarding the Pakistani national team. His contributions have been published in India's Outlook magazine,[23] the Guardian,[24] the Independent, and the Telegraph. Khan also sometimes appears as a cricket commentator on Asian and British sports networks, including BBC Urdu[25] and the Star TV network.[26] In 2004, when the Indian cricket team toured Pakistan after 14 years, he was a commentator on TEN Sports' special live show, Straight Drive,[27] while he was also a columnist for sify.com for the 2005 India-Pakistan Test series.[28] He has provided analysis for every cricket World Cup since 1992, which includes providing match summaries for BBC during the 1999 World Cup.[28]
In November 2009 Khan underwent emergency surgery at Lahore's Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital to remove an obstruction in his small intestine.[29]
Social work[link]
For more than four years after retiring from cricket in 1992, Khan focused his efforts solely on social work. By 1991, he had founded the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, a charity organisation bearing the name of his mother, Mrs. Shaukat Khanum. As the Trust's maiden endeavour, Khan established Pakistan's first and only cancer hospital, constructed using donations and funds exceeding $25 million, raised by Khan from all over the world.[4] Inspired by the memory of his mother, who died of cancer, the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, a charitable cancer hospital with 75 percent free care, opened in Lahore on 29 December 1994.[8] Khan currently serves as the chairman of the hospital and continues to raise funds through charity and public donations.[30]
During the 1990s, Khan also served as UNICEF's Special Representative for Sports[31] and promoted health and immunisation programmes in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand.[32]
On 27 April 2008, Khan's brainchild, a technical college in the Mianwali District called Namal College, was inaugurated. Namal College was built by the Mianwali Development Trust (MDT), as chaired by Khan, and was made an associate college of the University of Bradford (of which Khan is Chancellor) in December 2005.[33] Currently, Khan is building another cancer hospital in Karachi, using his successful Lahore institution as a model. While in London, he also works with the Lord’s Taverners, a cricket charity.[4]
Political work[link]
In 1996, Khan founded a political party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), which emphasized on anti-corruption policies.[8][34] The newly formed party was unable to win a seat during the 1997 Pakistani general election.[35] Khan supported General Pervez Musharraf's military coup in 1999,[36] believing Musharraf would "end corruption, clear out the political mafias".[37] According to Khan, he was Musharraf's choice of prime minister in 2002 but turned down the offer.[38] The 2002 Pakistani general election were held in October across 272 constituencies. Khan anticipated doing well in the elections and was prepared to form a coalition if his party did not get a majority of the vote.[39] He was elected from the NA-71 constituency of Mianwali and being the only party member to have secured a seat, PTI won only 0.8% of the popular vote. Khan, who was sworn in as an MP on 16 November,[40] remained part of the Standing Committees on Kashmir and Public Accounts, and expressed legislative interest in Foreign Affairs, Education and Justice.[41]
On 6 May 2005, Khan became one of the first Muslim figures to criticise a 300-word Newsweek story about the alleged desecration of the Qur'an in a U.S. military prison at the Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. Khan held a press conference to denounce the article and demanded that Gen. Pervez Musharraf secure an apology from the American president George W. Bush for the incident.[42]. In June 2007, the federal Parliamentary Affairs Minister Dr. Sher Afghan Khan Niazi and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) party filed separate ineligibility references against Khan, asking for his disqualification as member of the National Assembly on grounds of immorality. Both references, filed on the basis of articles 62 and 63 of the Constitution of Pakistan, were rejected on 5 September.[43]
On 2 October 2007, as part of the All Parties Democratic Movement, Khan joined 85 other MPs to resign from Parliament in protest of the Presidential election scheduled for 6 October, which General Musharraf was contesting without resigning as army chief.[5] On 3 November 2007, Khan was put under house arrest at his father's home hours after President Musharraf declared a state of emergency in Pakistan. Khan had demanded the death penalty for Musharraf after the imposition of emergency rule, which he equated to "committing treason". The next day, on 4 November, Khan escaped and went into peripatetic hiding.[44] He eventually came out of hiding on 14 November to join a student protest at the University of the Punjab.[45] At the rally, Khan was captured by students from the Jamaat-i-Islami political party, who claimed that Khan was an uninvited nuisance at the rally, and they handed him over to the police, who charged him under the Anti-terrorism act for allegedly inciting people to pick up arms, calling for civil disobedience, and for spreading hatred.[46].
On 30 October, 2011, Imran Khan changed the political picture of the country by addressing more than 100,000 supporters, challenging the policies of the current government, calling this new change a "tsunami" against the ruling parties,[47] followed by another successful public gathering in Karachi on 25 December, 2011.[48] Since then Imran Khan has become a real threat for the current ruling parties and future political prospect in Pakistan. According to International Republican Institute (IRI)'s survey, Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) tops the list of popular parties in Pakistan both at the national as well as provincial level, leaving Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) and Pakistan Peopleís Party (PPP) behind.[49]
Ideology[link]
Khan's proclaimed political platform and declarations include: Islamic values, to which he rededicated himself in the 1990s; liberal economics, with the promise of deregulating the economy and creating a welfare state; decreased bureaucracy and the implementation of anti-corruption laws, to create and ensure a clean government; the establishment of an independent judiciary; overhaul of the country's police system; and an anti-militant vision for a democratic Pakistan.[18][26][50]
Khan told Britain's Daily Telegraph, "I want Pakistan to be a welfare state and a genuine democracy with a rule of law and an independent judiciary."[18] Other ideas he has presented include a requirement of all students to spend a year after graduation teaching in the countryside and cutting down the over-staffed bureaucracy in order to send them to teach too.[51] "We need decentralisation, empowering people at the grass roots," he has said.[52]
Criticism[link]
Khan had a child out of wedlock with Ana-Luisa White (Sita White).[53] This was confirmed by a judgement of paternity rendered by a Superior Court of the State of California for the county of Los Angeles in favour of White[54] wherein it was held that Khan was the father of a female child born on June 15, 1992.[55][56][not in citation given] Khan did not challenge that judgement and in 2004 accepted the child as his daughter. He and his wife Jemima became the girls guardians.[57][58] [59] [60] [61]
During the 1970s and 1980s, Khan became known as a socialite due to his "non-stop partying" at London nightclubs such as Annabel's and Tramp, though he claims to have hated English pubs and to never drink alcohol.[4][8][26][42] He gained notoriety in London gossip columns for romancing young debutantes such as Susannah Constantine, Lady Liza Campbell and the artist Emma Sergeant.[8]
Khan is often dismissed as a political lightweight[45] and a celebrity outsider in Pakistan,[19] where national newspapers also refer to him as a "spoiler politician".[62] The Muttahida Qaumi Movement, has asserted that Khan is "a sick person who has been a total failure in politics and is alive just because of the media coverage".[63] Political observers say the crowds he draws are attracted by his cricketing celebrity, and the public has been reported to view him as a figure of entertainment rather than a serious political authority.[51]
Declan Walsh in The Guardian newspaper in England in 2005 described Khan as a "miserable politician," observing that, "Khan's ideas and affiliations since entering politics in 1996 have swerved and skidded like a rickshaw in a rainshower... He preaches democracy one day but gives a vote to reactionary mullahs the next."[64] The charge constantly raised against Khan is that of hypocrisy and opportunism, including what has been called his life's "playboy to puritan U-turn."[19] Political commentator Najam Sethi, stated that, "A lot of the Imran Khan story is about backtracking on a lot of things he said earlier, which is why this doesn’t inspire people."[19]. He is also criticized for being a puppet of Pakistan's 'establishment'.[65]
Awards and honours[link]
.jpg)
- Khan is featured in the University of Oxford's Hall of Fame and has been an honorary fellow of Oxford's Keble College.[31]
- In 1976 as well as 1980, Khan was awarded The Cricket Society Wetherall Award for being the leading all-rounder in English first-class cricket.
- In 1983, he was also named Wisden Cricketer of the Year
- In 1983, he had received the President’s Pride of Performance Award
- In 1985, Sussex Cricket Society Player of the Year
- In 1990, Indian Cricket Cricketer of the Year[14]
- In 1992, Khan was given Pakistan's civil award, the Hilal-i-Imtiaz
- On 8 July 2004, Khan was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2004 Asian Jewel Awards in London, for "acting as a figurehead for many international charities and working passionately and extensively in fund-raising activities.[66]
- On 7 December 2005, Khan was appointed the fifth Chancellor of the University of Bradford, where he is also a patron of the Born in Bradford research project.
- On 13 December 2007, Khan received the Humanitarian Award at the Asian Sports Awards in Kuala Lumpur for his efforts in setting up the first cancer hospital in Pakistan.[67]
- On 5 July 2008, he was one of several veteran Asian cricketers presented special silver jubilee awards at the inaugural Asian cricket Council (ACC) award ceremony in Karachi.[68]
- In 2009, at International Cricket Council's centennial year celebration, Khan was one of fifty-five cricketers inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame.[69]
- In 2011 he was given Jinnah award.
Writings by Khan[link]
Khan has published six works of non-fiction, including an autobiography co-written with Patrick Murphy. He periodically writes editorials on cricket and Pakistani politics in several leading Pakistani and British newspapers. It was revealed in 2008 that Khan's second book, Indus Journey: A Personal View of Pakistan, had required heavy editing from the publisher. The publisher Jeremy Lewis revealed in a memoir that when he asked Khan to show his writing for publication, "he handed me a leatherbound notebook or diary containing a few jottings and autobiographical snippets. It took me, at most, five minutes to read them; and that, it soon became apparent, was all we had to go on."[70]
Books
- Khan, Imran (1989). Imran Khan's cricket skills. London : Golden Press in association with Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-56349-9.
- Khan, Imran & Murphy, Patrick (1983). Imran: The autobiography of Imran Khan. Pelham Books. ISBN 0-7207-1489-3.
- Khan, Imran (1991). Indus Journey: A Personal View of Pakistan. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-3527-1.
- Khan, Imran (1992). All Round View. Mandarin. ISBN 0-7493-1499-0.
- Khan, Imran (1993). Warrior Race: A Journey Through the Land of the Tribal Pathans. Chatto Windus. ISBN 0-7011-3890-4.
- Khan, Imran (2011). Pakistan: A Personal History. Bantam Press. ISBN 0-593-06774-6.
Articles
- Guardian comments, political and cricket commentary by Khan
- Telegraph columns, sports articles penned by Khan from 2000 to present
- We must address the root causes of this terror, Khan's editorial in the Independent following the 11 September attacks
- Benazir Bhutto has only herself to blame, Khan's 2007 editorial on Bhutto's return to Pakistan
In popular culture[link]
Main article: Kaptaan
After the permission from him, Kaptaan is a biographical film about him.
References[link]
- ^ "Imran Khan". http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/40560.html#profile.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Imran Khan". Overseas Pakistanis Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-10-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20071004215755/http://www.opf.org.pk/almanac/S/sports.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Pakistan legend Imran Khan inducted into ICC Cricket Hall of Fame". Thesportscampus.com. http://www.thesportscampus.com/201007146222/test-cricket/former-pakistan-great-imran-khan-inducted-into-icc-cricket-hall-of-fame. Retrieved 19 July 2010. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d Kervin, Alison (2006-08-06). "Imran Khan: ‘What I do now fulfils me like never before’". The Sunday Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article601339.ece. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b "Pakistan MPs in election boycott". BBC. 2007-10-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7023424.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2012/01/09/would-imran-khan-call-ron-paul-to-bat/
- ^ a b Khan, Imran (1993). Warrior Race. London: Butler & Tanner Ltd. ISBN 0-7011-3890-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Adams, Tim (2006-07-02). "The path of Khan". The Observer (UK). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1807210,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ Ali, Syed Hamad (2008-07-23). "Pakistan's Dreamer". New Statesman (UK). http://www.newstatesman.com/asia/2008/07/imran-khan-pakistan-university. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ a b "The Interview: Anything he Khan't do?". The Oxford Student. 1999. http://www.oxfordstudent.com/tt1999wk5/News/the_interview:_anything_he_khan't_do%3F. Retrieved 2007-11-05. [dead link]
- ^ "Profiles:Jemima Khan". Hello!. http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/jemimakhan/. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
- ^ Goldsmith, Annabel (2004). Annabel: An Unconventional Life: The Memoirs of Lady Annabel Goldsmith. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-82966-1.
- ^ "Imran Khan and Jemima divorce". BBC. 2004-06-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3829383.stm. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
- ^ a b c d e "Imran Khan". CricketArchive. http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1383/1383.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ ESPNCricinfo – Records – Most wickets in a calendar year. Stats.espncricinfo.com (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-12-30.
- ^ "ICC Player Rankings". ICC. http://www.iccreliancerankings.com/alltime/test/bowling/. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ Basevi, Travis (2005-10-11). "Best averages by batting position". Cricinfo. http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/221606.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b c Farndale, Nigel (2007-08-14). "Imran Khan is ready to become political force". London: The Sunday Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/12/nrkhan112.xml. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b c d "Pakistan – Imran Khan". ABC. 2006-05-23. http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2006/s1647595.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b "Imran: Wrong time to tour". BBC. 2001-05-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/low/in_depth/2001/england_v_pakistan/1295868.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Cricket's sharp practice". BBC. 2003-05-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/1665008.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b "Botham, Lamb end legal battle". BBC. 1999-05-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/348740.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Sports: opinion". Outlook magazine. http://www.outlookindia.com/author.asp?id=section&name=Imran+Khan§ion=Sports. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ Khan, Imran (2003-01-24). "Who's the real villain?". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2003/jan/24/cricket.iraq. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ Khan, Imran (2003-02-25). "Another poor batting display". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2790000/newsid_2799100/2799123.stm. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ a b c Lancaster, John (2005-07-04). "A Pakistani Cricket Star's Political Move". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/03/AR2005070301078.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Big Time cricket on small screen". The Financial Express. 2004-03-03.
- ^ a b "Unmatched Coverage of India-Pakistan Test Cricket on Sify.com". Business Wire. 2005-03-09.
- ^ "Imran Khan has emergency surgery". BBC News. 2009-11-10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/pakistan/8352170.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ History | Imran Khan | Cancer | Donate | Zakat. Shaukatkhanum.org.pk. Retrieved on 2011-12-30.
- ^ a b "Mr Imran Khan's Statement". World Health Organization. http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/wntd2002/WNTD2002Kit-Khan.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "UNICEF and the stars". unicef.org. http://www.unicef.org/sowc96/kstars.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "University delegation goes east to establish new College". University of Bradford. 2006-02-22. http://www.brad.ac.uk/admin/pr/pressreleases/2006/delegation.php. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Imran Khan leads 100,000 rally against Pakistan's US alliance". The Telegraph. 30 October 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8858550/Imran-Khan-leads-100000-rally-against-Pakistans-US-alliance.html. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Burns, John F. (5 February 1997). "Muslim Party Gets Huge Margin in Pakistan's Parliament". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/05/world/muslim-party-gets-huge-margin-in-pakistan-s-parliament.html. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Walsh, Declan (31 October 2011). "Imran Khan laps up acclaim in Pakistan". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/31/imran-khan-acclaim-pakistan?newsfeed=true. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "'When you speak out, people react'". The Guardian. 31 August 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Adams, Tim (2 July 2006). "The path of Khan". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2006/jul/02/cricket.features3. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "Khan 'optimistic' about Pakistan elections". BBC News. 21 June 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2056431.stm. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Lancaster, John (2002-11-16). "Pakistan's parliament sworn, after 3 years". United Press International. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-69595658.html. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
- ^ "Candidate details: Imran Khan". Pakistan Elections. http://www.elections.com.pk/candidatedetails.php?id=72. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b Forsyth, James (2005-05-31). "Khan Artist". The Weekly Standard. http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/658vhcpk.asp?pg=1. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "EC rejects references against Imran Khan". Associated Press of Pakistan. 2007-09-05. Archived from the original on 2008-01-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20080125103524/http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15979&Itemid=2. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Imran Khan escapes from house arrest". The Times of India (India). 2007-11-05. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Imran_Khan_escapes_from_house_arrest/articleshow/2517638.cms. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b Page, Jeremy (2007-11-14). "Imran Khan comes out of hiding to lead students in street protests". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2866163.ece. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
- ^ Page, Jeremy (2007-11-14). "Imran Khan faces terror charges after arrest in Pakistan". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2868571.ece. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
- ^ "Imran Khan's 'tsunami' sweeps Lahore". Express Tribune (Pakistan). 2011-10-30. http://tribune.com.pk/story/285058/pti-rally-in-lahore-live-updates/. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ^ "Imran's dream team wows Karachi". The Express Tribune (Pakistan). 2011-12-25. http://tribune.com.pk/story/311748/pakistan-tehreek-i-insaf-rally-in-karachi-live-updates/. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ^ "IRI survey shows PTI on top of popularity list". The News (Pakistan). 2012-05-07. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-14418-IRI-survey-shows-PTI-on-top-of-popularity-list/. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ^ "Imran Khan's party issues election manifesto". Radio Pakistan.
- ^ a b "Imran Khan Standing for Election Again". The Guardian (UK). 2002-09-26. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/9-26-2002-27111.asp. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Imran Khan's new game". BBC. 1998-07-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/128794.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ Times Of India
- ^ Hindustan Times
- ^ Telegraph uk
- ^ Government Of Pakistan
- ^ Daily Times Newspaper
- ^ BBC UK
- ^ we'll care for tyrian
- ^ Gordon_White,_Baron_White_of_Hull
- ^ BBC UK
- ^ Khalil, Azam (2008-09-08). "A New Era". Frontier Post.
- ^ "A "totally failed" politician Imran surviving on media glare, says MQM". Asian News International. 2008-05-23.
- ^ Walsh, Delcan (2005-08-31). "'When you speak out, people react'". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ ["http://tribune.com.pk/story/295690/pti-faces-fresh-allegations-of-establishment-links]
- ^ "Former Cricketer Imran Khan is an Asian jewel". 2004-07-09. http://www.redhotcurry.com/archive/news/2004/jewel_awards2004_southern.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Asian Awards". Hindustan Times. India. 2007-12-13. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=fc2d1dd8-df34-4ba0-9e47-58f92b1f4c3d&MatchID1=4576&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1147&MatchID2=4614&TeamID3=1&TeamID4=5&MatchType2=2&SeriesID2=1161&PrimaryID=4576&Headline=Indian+tennis+legend+gets+top+Asian+honour. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
- ^ "Tendulkar honoured with best Asian ODI batsman award by ACC". Hindustan Times (India). 2008-07-06. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=55160544-320b-4723-8ca9-14b5063fb544&ParentID=52c6b1a7-aaed-4d36-811f-eea832a76f24&MatchID1=4726&TeamID1=2&TeamID2=3&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1191&PrimaryID=4726&Headline=Sachin+adjudged+best+Asian+ODI+batsman. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ "Hall of Famers / ICC Centenary". 2004-07-09. http://www.catchthespirit.com/hall_of_fame/hall_of_famers.aspx. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ "It's a miracle... Imran's notes turn into book". Evening Standard. 2008-07-04.
Further reading[link]
- Tennant, Evo (1996). Imran Khan. Trafalgar Square. ISBN 0-575-05936-2.
External links[link]
- Player profile: Imran Khan from ESPNcricinfo
- Player profile: Imran Khan from CricketArchive
- Player Profile: Imran Khan from Yahoo! Cricket
- Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, Khan's political party
- Chancellor: Imran Khan at the University of Bradford
- Column archive at The Guardian
- Imran Khan on Charlie Rose
- Imran Khan at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Imran Khan in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Imran Khan collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- PTI to move SC against speaker's decision today, says Imran Khan, The News International, May 28, 2012]
- PTI will form next government, says Imran Khan, Geo News Pakistan]
- Articles
- The NS Interview: Imran Khan Mehdi Hasan, New Statesman, 20 August 2010
- Imran Khan's revolution, Murtaza Razvi, Dawn, 27 April 2011
- Imran Khan: Pakistan's next leader?, Frost Over the World, Aljazeera English, 10 December 2011
- Thousands rally for Pakistan's Imran Khan, Aljazeera English, 25 December 2011
- Hundreds of thousands gather at PTI rally in Karachi, Dawn, 25 December 2011
- Imran stands out, Adiah AfrazThe News International, 27 May 2012
- The Imran that we know Shafqat Mahmood, The News International, 27 May 2012
| Sporting positions | ||
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| Preceded by Zaheer Abbas Zaheer Abbas Abdul Qadir |
Pakistan Cricket Captain 1982–1983 1985–1987 1989–1992 |
Succeeded by Sarfraz Nawaz Abdul Qadir Javed Miandad |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Party created |
Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf 1996–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by Baroness Lockwood |
Chancellor of the University of Bradford 2005–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Khan, Imran |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 25 November 1952 |
| Place of birth | Lahore, Punjab |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Imran_Khan
Related pages:
http://id.wn.com/Imran Khan Niazi
http://es.wn.com/Imran Khan
http://ru.wn.com/Хан, Имран
http://nl.wn.com/Imran Khan
http://fr.wn.com/Imran Khan
http://de.wn.com/Imran Khan
http://hi.wn.com/इमरान ख़ान
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imran_Khan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Osama" and "bin Laden" redirect here. For other uses, see Osama (disambiguation) and bin Laden (disambiguation).
| Osama bin Laden أسامة بن لادن |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (1957-03-10)March 10, 1957 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| Died | May 2, 2011(2011-05-02) (aged 54) Abbottabad, Pakistan 34°10′9″N 73°14′33″E / 34.16917°N 73.2425°E / 34.16917; 73.2425 |
| Resting place | Arabian Sea |
| Nationality | Saudi Arabian (1957–1994) None (Stateless) (1994–2011)[1] |
| Years active | 1979–2011 |
| Successor | Ayman Al-Zawahiri[2] |
| Religion | Sunni Islam (Qutbism)[3][4] |
| Children | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Al-Qaeda |
| Years of service | 1988–2011 |
| Battles/wars | |
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( /oʊˈsɑːmə bɪn moʊˈhɑːmɨd bɪn əˈwɑːd bɪn ˈlɑːdən/; Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن, ʾUsāmah bin Muḥammad bin ʿAwaḍ bin Lādin; March 10, 1957 – May 2, 2011a), was the founder of Al-Qaeda, the jihadist organization responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States and numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian and military targets.[5][6][7] He was a member of the wealthy Saudi bin Laden family, and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite.[8]
Bin Laden was on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings.[9][10][11] From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the War on Terror, with a US$25 million bounty by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.[12] On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by U.S. Navy SEALs and CIA operatives in a covert operation ordered by United States President Barack Obama.[13][14]
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Main article: Personal life of Osama bin Laden
See also: Bin Laden family
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,[15] a son of Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, a billionaire construction magnate with close ties to the Saudi royal family,[16] and Mohammed bin Laden's tenth wife, Hamida al-Attas (then called Alia Ghanem).[17] In a 1998 interview, bin Laden gave his birth date as March 10, 1957.[18]
Mohammed bin Laden divorced Hamida soon after Osama bin Laden was born. Mohammed recommended Hamida to Mohammed al-Attas, an associate. Al-Attas married Hamida in the late 1950s or early 1960s, and they are still together.[19] The couple had four children, and bin Laden lived in the new household with three half-brothers and one half-sister.[17] The bin Laden family made $5 billion in the construction industry, of which Osama later inherited around $25–30 million.[20]
Bin Laden was raised as a devout Wahhabi Muslim.[21] From 1968 to 1976, he attended the élite secular Al-Thager Model School.[17][22] He studied economics and business administration[23] at King Abdulaziz University. Some reports suggest he earned a degree in civil engineering in 1979,[24] or a degree in public administration in 1981.[25] One source described him as "hard working",[26] another said he left university during his third year without completing a college degree.[27] At university, bin Laden's main interest was religion, where he was involved in both "interpreting the Quran and jihad" and charitable work.[28] Other interests included writing poetry;[29] reading, with the works of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and Charles de Gaulle said to be among his favorites; black stallions; and association football, in which he enjoyed playing at centre forward and followed English club Arsenal F.C.[30]
Personal life[link]
In 1974, at the age of 17, bin Laden married Najwa Ghanem at Latakia, Syria;[31] they were divorced before September 11, 2001. Bin Laden's other known wives were Khadijah Sharif (married 1983, divorced 1990s), Khairiah Sabar (married 1985), Siham Sabar (married 1987), and Amal al-Sadah (married 2000). Some sources also list a sixth wife, name unknown, whose marriage to bin Laden was annulled soon after the ceremony.[32] Bin Laden fathered between 20 and 26 children with his wives.[33][34] Many of bin Laden's children fled to Iran following the September 11 attacks and as of 2010[update] Iranian authorities reportedly continue to control their movement.[35]
Bin Laden's father Mohammed died in 1967 in an airplane crash in Saudi Arabia when his American pilot misjudged a landing.[36] Bin Laden's eldest half-brother, Salem bin Laden, the subsequent head of the bin Laden family, was killed in 1988 near San Antonio, Texas, in the United States, when he accidentally flew a plane into power lines.[37]
The FBI described bin Laden as an adult as tall and thin, between 6 ft 4 in and 6 ft 6 in (193–198 cm) in height and weighing about 165 pounds (75 kg). Bin Laden had an olive complexion and was left-handed, usually walking with a cane. He wore a plain white turban and he had stopped wearing the traditional Saudi male headdress.[38] Bin Laden was described as soft-spoken and mild-mannered in demeanor.[39]
Name[link]
There is no universally accepted standard for transliterating Arabic words and Arabic names into English;[40] bin Laden's name is most frequently rendered "Osama bin Laden". The FBI and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), as well as other U.S. governmental agencies, have used either "Usama bin Laden" or "Usama bin Ladin". Less common renderings include "Ussamah bin Ladin" and, in the French-language media, "Oussama ben Laden". Other spellings include "Binladen" or, as used by his family in the West, "Binladin". The decapitalization of bin is based on the convention of leaving short prepositions and articles uncapitalized in surnames; however, bin means "son of" and is not, strictly speaking, a preposition or article. The spellings with o and e come from a Persian-influenced pronunciation also used in Afghanistan, where bin Laden spent many years.
Osama bin Laden's full name, Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, means "Osama, son of Mohammed, son of Awad, son of Laden". "Mohammed" refers to bin Laden's father Mohammed bin Laden; "Awad" refers to his grandfather, Awad bin Aboud bin Laden, a Kindite Hadhrami tribesman; "Laden" refers not to bin Laden's great-grandfather, who was named Aboud, but to a more distant ancestor.
The Arabic linguistic convention would be to refer to him as "Osama" or "Osama bin Laden", not "bin Laden" alone, as "bin Laden" is a patronymic, not a surname in the Western manner. According to bin Laden's son Omar bin Laden, the family's hereditary surname is "al-Qahtani" (Arabic: القحطاني, āl-Qaḥṭānī), but bin Laden's father Mohammed bin Laden never officially registered the name.[41]
Osama bin Laden had also assumed the kunyah "Abū ʿAbdāllāh" ("father of Abdallah"). His admirers have referred to him by several nicknames, including the "Prince" or "Emir" (الأمير, al-Amīr), the "Sheik" (الشيخ, aš-Šayḫ), the "Jihadist Sheik" or "Sheik al-Mujahid" (شيخ المجاهد, al-Muǧāhid Šayḫ), "Hajj" (حج, Ḥaǧǧ), and the "Director".[42] The word ʾusāmah (أسامة) means "lion",[43] earning him the nicknames "Lion" and "Lion Sheik".[44]
Beliefs and ideology[link]
Main article: Beliefs and ideology of Osama bin Laden
According to former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, who led the CIA's hunt for Osama bin Laden, the al-Qaeda leader was motivated by a belief that U.S. foreign policy has oppressed, killed, or otherwise harmed Muslims in the Middle East,[45] condensed in the phrase "They hate us for what we do, not who we are."
Bin Laden also said only the restoration of Sharia law would "set things right" in the Muslim world, and that alternatives such as "pan-Arabism, socialism, communism, democracy" must be opposed.[46] This belief, in conjunction with violent jihad, has sometimes been called Qutbism after being promoted by Sayyid Qutb.[47] Bin Laden believed that Afghanistan, under the rule of Mullah Omar's Taliban, was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world.[48] Bin Laden consistently dwelt on the need for violent jihad to right what he believed were injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states,[49] the need to eliminate the state of Israel, and the necessity of forcing the United States to withdraw from the Middle East. He also called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of fornication, homosexuality, intoxicants, gambling, and usury", in an October 2002 letter.[50]
Bin Laden's ideology included the idea that civilians, including women and children, are legitimate targets of jihad.[51][52] Bin Laden was anti-Semitic, and delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery. They will leave you nothing, either in this world or the next."[53] Shia Muslims have been listed along with "heretics, [...] America, and Israel" as the four principal "enemies of Islam" at ideology classes of bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization.[54]
Bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds,[55] and his attitude towards technology was mixed. He was interested in "earth-moving machinery and genetic engineering of plants" on the one hand, but rejected "chilled water" on the other.[56]
His viewpoints and methods of achieving them had led to him being designated as a terrorist by scholars,[57][58] journalists from The New York Times,[59][60] the BBC,[61] and Qatari news station Al Jazeera,[62] analysts such as Peter Bergen,[63] Michael Scheuer,[64] Marc Sageman,[65] and Bruce Hoffman[66][67] and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in Madrid, New York City, and Tripoli.[68]
Bin Laden's overall strategy against much larger enemies such as the Soviet Union and United States was to lure them into a long war of attrition in Muslim countries, attracting large numbers of jihadists who would never surrender. He believed this would lead to economic collapse of the enemy nation.[69] Al-Qaeda manuals clearly outline this strategy. In a 2004 tape broadcast by al-Jazeera, bin Laden spoke of "bleeding America to the point of bankruptcy".[70]
Militant activity[link]
Main article: Militant activity of Osama bin Laden
See also: CIA-Osama bin Laden controversy
Mujahideen in Afghanistan[link]
After leaving college in 1979, bin Laden went to Pakistan, joined Abdullah Azzam and used money and machinery from his own construction company to help the mujahideen resistance in the Soviet war in Afghanistan.[71][72] He later told a journalist: "I felt outraged that an injustice had been committed against the people of Afghanistan."[73] Under Operation Cyclone from 1979 to 1989, the United States provided financial aid and weapons to the mujahideen[74] through Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Bin Laden met and built relations with Hamid Gul, who was a three-star general in the Pakistani army and head of the ISI agency. Although the United States provided the money and weapons, the training of militant groups was entirely done by the Pakistani Armed Forces and the ISI.
By 1984, bin Laden and Azzam established Maktab al-Khidamat, which funneled money, arms and fighters from around the Arab world into Afghanistan. Through al-Khadamat, bin Laden's inherited family fortune[75] paid for air tickets and accommodation, paid for paperwork with Pakistani authorities and provided other such services for the jihadi fighters. Bin Laden established camps inside Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan and trained volunteers from across the Muslim world to fight against the Soviet puppet regime; the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. It was during this time that he became idolised by many Arabs.[76]
Formation and structuring of Al-Qaeda[link]
Main article: Al-Qaeda
By 1988, bin Laden had split from Maktab al-Khidamat. While Azzam acted as support for Afghan fighters, bin Laden wanted a more military role. One of the main points leading to the split and the creation of al-Qaeda was Azzam's insistence that Arab fighters be integrated among the Afghan fighting groups instead of forming a separate fighting force.[77] Notes of a meeting of bin Laden and others on August 20, 1988, indicate al-Qaeda was a formal group by that time: "Basically an organized Islamic faction, its goal is to lift the word of God, to make his religion victorious." A list of requirements for membership itemized the following: listening ability, good manners, obedience, and making a pledge (bayat) to follow one's superiors.[78]
According to Wright, the group's real name was not used in public pronouncements because "its existence was still a closely held secret".[79] His research suggests that al-Qaeda was formed at an August 11, 1988, meeting between "several senior leaders" of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Abdullah Azzam, and bin Laden, where it was agreed to join bin Laden's money with the expertise of the Islamic Jihad organization and take up the jihadist cause elsewhere after the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan.[80] Following the Soviet Union's withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989, Osama bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia in 1990 as a hero of jihad, who along with his Arab legion "had brought down the mighty superpower" of the Soviet Union.[81] However, he was angry at the outbreak of internecine tribal fighting among the Afghans.[82]
The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait under Saddam Hussein on August 2, 1990, put the Saudi kingdom and the House of Saud at risk, with Iraqi forces on the Saudi border and Saddam's appeal to pan-Arabism potentially inciting internal dissent. Bin Laden met with King Fahd, and Saudi Defense Minister Sultan, telling them not to depend on non-Muslim assistance from the United States and others, offering to help defend Saudi Arabia with his Arab legion. Bin Laden's offer was rebuffed, and the Saudi monarchy invited the deployment of U.S. forces in Saudi territory.[83] Bin Laden publicly denounced Saudi dependence on the U.S. military, arguing the two holiest shrines of Islam, Mecca and Medina, the cities in which the Prophet Mohamed received and recited God's message, should only be defended by Muslims. Bin Laden's criticism of the Saudi monarchy led them to attempt to silence him. The U.S. 82nd Airborne Division landed in north-eastern Saudi city of Dhahran and was deployed in the desert barely 400 miles from Medina.[82]
Meanwhile, on November 8, 1990, the FBI raided the New Jersey home of El Sayyid Nosair, an associate of al-Qaeda operative Ali Mohamed, discovering copious evidence of terrorist plots, including plans to blow up New York City skyscrapers. This marked the earliest discovery of al-Qaeda terrorist plans outside of Muslim countries.[84] Nosair was eventually convicted in connection to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and later admitted guilt for the murder of Rabbi Meir Kahane in New York City on November 5, 1990.
Bin Laden continued to speak publicly against the Saudi government, for which the Saudis banished him. He went to live in exile in Sudan, in 1992, in a deal brokered by Ali Mohamed.[85]
Sudan and return to Afghanistan[link]
In Sudan, bin Laden established a new base for mujahideen operations in Khartoum. He bought a house on Al-Mashtal Street in the affluent Al-Riyadh quarter and a retreat at Soba on the Blue Nile.[86][87] During his time in Sudan, he heavily invested in the infrastructure, in agriculture and businesses. He built roads using the same bulldozers he had employed to construct mountain tracks in Afghanistan. Many of his labourers were the same fighters who had been his comrades in the war against the Soviet Union. He was generous to the poor and popular with the people.[88][89] He continued to criticize King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, and in response, in 1994, Fahd stripped bin Laden of his Saudi citizenship and persuaded his family to cut off his $7 million a year stipend.[90][1] By now bin Laden was being linked with Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), which made up the core of al-Qaeda. In 1995 the EIJ attempted to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. The attempt failed, and the EIJ was expelled from Sudan.
The U.S. State Department accused Sudan of being a 'sponsor of international terrorism' and bin Laden himself of operating 'terrorist training camps in the Sudanese desert. Sudan therefore began efforts to expel bin Laden. The 9/11 Commission Report states:
In late 1995, when Bin Laden was still in Sudan, the State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) learned that Sudanese officials were discussing with the Saudi government the possibility of expelling Bin Laden. CIA paramilitary officer Billy Waugh tracked down Bin Ladin in the Sudan and prepared an operation to apprehend him, but was denied authorization.[91] U.S. Ambassador Timothy Carney encouraged the Sudanese to pursue this course. The Saudis, however, did not want Bin Laden, giving as their reason their revocation of his citizenship. Sudan's minister of defense, Fatih Erwa, has claimed that Sudan offered to hand Bin Laden over to the United States. The Commission has found no credible evidence that this was so. Ambassador Carney had instructions only to push the Sudanese to expel Bin Laden. Ambassador Carney had no legal basis to ask for more from the Sudanese since, at the time, there was no indictment outstanding against bin Laden in any country.[92]
The 9/11 Commission Report further states:
In February 1996, Sudanese officials began approaching officials from the United States and other governments, asking what actions of theirs might ease foreign pressure. In secret meetings with Saudi officials, Sudan offered to expel Bin Laden to Saudi Arabia and asked the Saudis to pardon him. U.S. officials became aware of these secret discussions, certainly by March. Saudi officials apparently wanted Bin Laden expelled from Sudan. They had already revoked his citizenship, however, and would not tolerate his presence in their country. Also Bin Laden may have no longer felt safe in Sudan, where he had already escaped at least one assassination attempt that he believed to have been the work of the Egyptian or Saudi regimes, and paid for by the CIA.
In May 1996, due to increasing pressure on Sudan, from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the United States, bin Laden was permitted to leave for a country of his choice. He chose to return to Jalalabad, Afghanistan aboard a chartered flight, and there forged a close relationship with Mullah Mohammed Omar.[93][94] Despite his ambitions and organizational skills, when bin Laden left Sudan, he and his organization were significantly weakened.[95]
In August, 1996, bin Laden declared war against the United States. Despite the assurance of President George H.W. Bush to King Fahd in 1990, that all U.S. forces based in Saudi Arabia would be withdrawn once the Iraqi threat had been dealt with, by 1996 the Americans were still there, citing the continued existence of Saddam's regime (which Bush had chosen not to destroy). Bin Laden's view was that "the 'evils' of the Middle East arose from America's attempt to take over the region and from its support for Israel. Saudi Arabia had been turned into 'an American colony".[96] The fatwā was first published in Al Quds Al Arabi, a London-based newspaper. It was entitled "Declaration of War against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places."[97] Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest places in Islam. The reference to 'occupation' in the fatwā referred to US forces based in Saudi Arabia for the purpose of controlling air space in Iraq, known as Operation Southern Watch.
In Afghanistan, bin Laden and al-Qaeda raised money from "donors from the days of the Soviet jihad", and from the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) to establish more training camps for Mujahideen fighters.[98] Bin Laden effectively took over Ariana Afghan Airlines, which ferried Islamic militants, arms, cash and opium through the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan as well as provided false identifications to members of bin Laden's terrorist network.[99] Viktor Bout helped to run the airline, maintaining planes and loading cargo. Michael Scheuer, head of the CIA's bin Laden unit, concluded that Ariana was being used as a "terrorist taxi service".[100]
Early attacks and aid for attacks[link]
It is believed that the first bombing attack involving bin Laden was the December 29, 1992, bombing of the Gold Mihor Hotel in Aden in which two people were killed.[101]
It was after this bombing that al-Qaeda was reported to have developed its justification for the killing of innocent people. According to a fatwa issued by Mamdouh Mahmud Salim, the killing of someone standing near the enemy is justified because any innocent bystander will find their proper reward in death, going to Jannah (Paradise) if they were good Muslims and to Jahannam (hell) if they were bad or non-believers.[102] The fatwa was issued to al-Qaeda members but not the general public.
In the 1990s bin Laden's al-Qaeda assisted jihadis financially and sometimes militarily in Algeria, Egypt and Afghanistan. In 1992 or 1993 bin Laden sent an emissary, Qari el-Said, with $40,000 to Algeria to aid the Islamists and urge war rather than negotiation with the government. Their advice was heeded but the war that followed killed 150,000–200,000 Algerians and ended with Islamist surrender to the government.
Bin Laden funded the Luxor massacre of November 17, 1997,[103][104][105] which killed 62 civilians, but outraged the Egyptian public. In mid-1997, the Northern Alliance threatened to overrun Jalalabad, causing bin Laden to abandon his Nazim Jihad compound and move his operations to Tarnak Farms in the south.[106]
Another successful attack was carried out in the city of Mazar-e-Sharif in Afghanistan. Bin Laden helped cement his alliance with the Taliban by sending several hundreds of Afghan Arab fighters along to help the Taliban kill between five and six thousand Hazaras overrunning the city.[107]
In February 1998, Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri co-signed a fatwa in the name of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders which declared the killing of North Americans and their allies an "individual duty for every Muslim" to "liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the holy mosque (in Mecca) from their grip".[108][109] At the public announcement of the fatwa bin Laden announced that North Americans are "very easy targets". He told the attending journalists, "You will see the results of this in a very short time."[110]
Bin Laden and Al-Zawahiri organized an al-Qaeda congress on June 24, 1998.[111]
The 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings were a series of attacks that occurred on August 7, 1998, in which hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous truck bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the major East African cities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya. The attacks were linked to local members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, brought Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri to the attention of the United States public for the first time, and resulted in the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation placing bin Laden on its Ten Most Wanted list.
In December 1998, the Director of Central Intelligence Counterterrorist Center reported to President Bill Clinton that al-Qaeda was preparing for attacks in the United States of America, including the training of personnel to hijack aircraft.[112]
At the end of 2000, Richard Clarke revealed that Islamic militants headed by bin Laden had planned a triple attack on January 3, 2000 which would have included bombings in Jordan of the Radisson SAS Hotel in Amman and tourists at Mount Nebo and a site on the Jordan River, the sinking of the destroyer USS The Sullivans in Yemen, as well as an attack on a target within the United States. The plan was foiled by the arrest of the Jordanian terrorist cell, the sinking of the explosive-filled skiff intended to target the destroyer, and the arrest of Ahmed Ressam.[113]
Yugoslav Wars[link]
See also: Bosnian mujahideen
A former U.S. State Department official in October 2001 described Bosnia and Herzegovina as a safe haven for terrorists, after it was asserted that militant elements of the former Sarajevo government were protecting extremists, some with ties to Osama bin Laden.[114] In 1997, Rzeczpospolita, one of the largest Polish daily newspapers, reported that intelligence services of the Nordic-Polish SFOR Brigade suspected that a center for training terrorists from Islamic countries was located in the Bocina Donja village near Maglaj in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1992, hundreds of volunteers joined an "all-mujahedeen unit" called El Moujahed in an abandoned hillside factory, a compound with a hospital and prayer hall.
According to Middle East intelligence reports, bin Laden financed small convoys of recruits from the Arab world through his businesses in Sudan. Among them was Karim Said Atmani who was identified by authorities as the document forger for a group of Algerians accused of plotting the bombings in the United States of America.[115] He is a former roommate of Ahmed Ressam, the man arrested at the Canadian-U.S. border in mid-December 1999 with a car full of nitroglycerin and bomb-making materials.[116][117] He was convicted of colluding with Osama bin Laden by a French court.[118]
A Bosnian government search of passport and residency records, conducted at the urging of the United States, revealed other former mujahideen who were linked to the same Algerian group or to other groups of suspected terrorists, and had lived in the area 60 miles (97 km) north of Sarajevo, the capital, in the past few years. Khalil al-Deek, was arrested in Jordan in late December 1999 on suspicion of involvement in a plot to blow up tourist sites; a second man with Bosnian citizenship, Hamid Aich, lived in Canada at the same time as Atmani and worked for a charity associated with Osama bin Laden. In its June 26, 1997, report on the bombing of the Al Khobar building in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, The New York Times noted that those arrested confessed to serving with Bosnian Muslims forces. Further, the captured men also admitted to ties with Osama bin Laden.[119][120][121]
In 1999 it was revealed that bin Laden and his Tunisian assistant Mehrez Aodouni were granted citizenship and Bosnian passports in 1993 by the government in Sarajevo. This information was denied by the Bosnian government following the September 11 attacks, but it was later found that Aodouni was arrested in Turkey and that at that time he possessed the Bosnian passport. Following this revelation, a new explanation was given that bin Laden "did not personally collect his Bosnian passport" and that officials at the Bosnian embassy in Vienna, which issued the passport, could not have known who bin Laden was at the time.[119][120][121] The Bosnian daily Oslobođenje published in 2001 that three men, believed to be linked to bin Laden, were arrested in Sarajevo in July 2001. The three, one of whom was identified as Imad El Misri, were Egyptian nationals. The paper said that two of the suspects were holding Bosnian passports.[119]
In 1998 it was reported that bin Laden was operating his al-Qaeda network out of Albania. The Charleston Gazette quoted Fatos Klosi, the head of the Albanian intelligence service, as saying a network run by Saudi exile Osama bin Laden sent units to fight in the Serbian province of Kosovo. Confirmation of these activities came from Claude Kader, a French national who said he was a member of bin Laden's Albanian network.
By 1998 four members of Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) were arrested in Albania and extradited to Egypt.[122]
During his trial at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia former Serbian President Slobodan Milošević presented FBI documents that verified bin Laden's al-Qaeda had a presence in the Balkans and aided the Kosovo Liberation Army, which was identified by the U.S. State Department as a terrorist organization shortly before the 1998 embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya. Milošević had argued that the United States aided the terrorists which culminated in its backing of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.[123]
September 11, 2001 attacks[link]
"God knows it did not cross our minds to attack the Towers, but after the situation became unbearable—and we witnessed the injustice and tyranny of the American-Israeli alliance against our people in Palestine and Lebanon—I thought about it. And the events that affected me directly were that of 1982 and the events that followed—when America allowed the Israelis to invade Lebanon, helped by the U.S. Sixth Fleet. As I watched the destroyed towers in Lebanon, it occurred to me punish the unjust the same way: to destroy towers in America so it could taste some of what we are tasting and to stop killing our children and women."
— Osama bin Laden, 2004[124]
After his denial,[125][126][Full citation needed] Osama bin Laden finally claimed responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States in 2004.[127][128][129] The attacks involved the hijacking of four commercial passenger aircraft,[130] the subsequent destruction of those planes and the World Trade Center in New York City, New York, severe damage to The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia,[131] and the deaths of 2,973 people[132] and the nineteen hijackers.[133] In response to the attacks, the United States launched a War on Terror to depose the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and capture al-Qaeda operatives, and several countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation to preclude future attacks. The CIA's Special Activities Division was given the lead in tracking down and killing or capturing bin Laden.[134]
The Federal Bureau of Investigation has stated that classified[135] evidence linking al-Qaeda and bin Laden to the September 11 attacks is clear and irrefutable.[136] The UK Government reached a similar conclusion regarding al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden's culpability for the September 11 attacks, although the government report notes that the evidence presented is not necessarily sufficient for a prosecutable case.[137]
Bin Laden initially denied involvement in the attacks. On September 16, 2001, bin Laden read a statement later broadcast by Qatar's Al Jazeera satellite channel denying responsibility for the attack.[138]
In a videotape recovered by U.S. forces in November 2001 in Jalalabad, bin Laden was seen discussing the attack with Khaled al-Harbi in a way that indicates foreknowledge.[139] The tape was broadcast on various news networks on December 13, 2001. The merits of this translation have been disputed. Arabist Dr. Abdel El M. Husseini stated: "This translation is very problematic. At the most important places where it is held to prove the guilt of bin Laden, it is not identical with the Arabic."[140]
In the 2004 Osama bin Laden video, bin Laden abandoned his denials without retracting past statements. In it he stated he had personally directed the nineteen hijackers.[128][141] In the 18-minute tape, played on Al-Jazeera, four days before the American presidential election, bin Laden accused U.S. President George W. Bush of negligence on the hijacking of the planes on September 11.[128]
According to the tapes, bin Laden claimed he was inspired to destroy the World Trade Center after watching the destruction of towers in Lebanon by Israel during the 1982 Lebanon War.[142]
Through two other tapes aired by Al Jazeera in 2006, Osama bin Laden announced, "I am the one in charge of the nineteen brothers. [...] I was responsible for entrusting the nineteen brothers [...] with the raids" (May 23, 2006).[143] In the tapes he was seen with Ramzi bin al-Shibh, as well as two of the 9/11 hijackers, Hamza al-Ghamdi and Wail al-Shehri, as they made preparations for the attacks (videotape broadcast September 7, 2006).[144]
Identified motivations of the September 11 attacks include the support of Israel by the United States, presence of the U.S. military in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the U.S. enforcement of sanctions against Iraq.
Criminal charges[link]
| Osama Bin Laden | |
|---|---|
| FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives | |
| Charges |
|
| Reward | $25 million |
| Alias |
|
| Description | |
| Born | 1957 Saudi Arabia |
| Died | May 2, 2011(2011-05-02) (aged 54) Abbottabad, Pakistan |
| Cause of death | Ballistic trauma |
| Gender | Male |
| Height | 6'4" to 6'6" |
| Weight | Approximately 160 pounds |
| Occupation | Unknown |
| Criminal Status | |
| Added | June 7, 1999 |
| Number | 456 |
| Killed During Attempt to Capture | |
On March 16, 1998, Libya issued the first official Interpol arrest warrant against bin Laden and three other people. They were charged for killing Silvan Becker, agent of Germany's domestic intelligence service, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, in the Terrorism Department, and his wife Vera in Libya on March 10, 1994.[68][145] Bin Laden was still wanted by the Libyan government at the time of his death.[146][147] Osama bin Laden was first indicted by the United States on June 8, 1998, when a grand jury indicted Osama bin Laden on charges of killing five Americans and two Indians in the November 14, 1995, truck bombing of a U.S.-operated Saudi National Guard training center in Riyadh.[148] Bin Laden was charged with "conspiracy to attack defense utilities of the United States" and prosecutors further charged that bin Laden is the head of the terrorist organization called al-Qaeda, and that he was a major financial backer of Islamic fighters worldwide.[148] Bin Laden denied involvement but praised the attack. On November 4, 1998, Osama bin Laden was indicted by a Federal Grand Jury in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, on charges of Murder of U.S. Nationals Outside the United States, Conspiracy to Murder U.S. Nationals Outside the United States, and Attacks on a Federal Facility Resulting in Death[149] for his alleged role in the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. The evidence against bin Laden included courtroom testimony by former al-Qaeda members and satellite phone records, from a phone purchased for him by al-Qaeda procurement agent Ziyad Khaleel in the United States.[150][151] However the Taliban ruled not to extradict Bin Laden on the grounds that there was insufficient evidence published in the indictments and that non-Muslim courts lacked standing to try Muslims[152]
Bin Laden became the 456th person listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, when he was added to the list on June 7, 1999, following his indictment along with others for capital crimes in the 1998 embassy attacks. Attempts at assassination and requests for the extradition of bin Laden from the Taliban of Afghanistan were met with failure prior to the bombing of Afghanistan in October 2001.[153] In 1999, U.S. President Bill Clinton convinced the United Nations to impose sanctions against Afghanistan in an attempt to force the Taliban to extradite him.[154]
Years later, on October 10, 2001, bin Laden appeared as well on the initial list of the top 22 FBI Most Wanted Terrorists, which was released to the public by the President of the United States George W. Bush, in direct response to the September 11 attacks, but which was again based on the indictment for the 1998 embassy attack. Bin Laden was among a group of thirteen fugitive terrorists wanted on that latter list for questioning about the 1998 embassy bombings. Bin Laden remains the only fugitive ever to be listed on both FBI fugitive lists.
Despite the multiple indictments listed above and multiple requests, the Taliban refused to extradite Osama bin Laden. They did however offer to try him before an Islamic court if evidence of Osama bin Laden's involvement in the September 11 attacks was provided. It was not until eight days after the bombing of Afghanistan began in October 2001 that the Taliban finally did offer to turn over Osama bin Laden to a third-party country for trial in return for the United States ending the bombing. This offer was rejected by President Bush stating that this was no longer negotiable, with Bush responding "there's no need to discuss innocence or guilt. We know he's guilty."[155] In June 2006 FBI's chief of investigative publicity, Rex Tomb, saw no hard evidence connecting bin Laden to 9/11.[156][157]
On June 15, 2011, federal prosecutors of the United States of America officially dropped all criminal charges against Osama bin Laden following his death in May.[158]
Pursuit by the United States[link]
Clinton administration[link]
Capturing Osama bin Laden had been an objective of the United States government since the presidency of Bill Clinton.[159] Shortly after the September 11 attacks it was revealed that President Clinton had signed a directive authorizing the CIA (and specifically their elite Special Activities Division) to apprehend bin Laden and bring him to the United States to stand trial after the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Africa; if taking bin Laden alive was deemed impossible, then deadly force was authorized.[160] On August 20, 1998, 66 cruise missiles launched by United States Navy ships in the Arabian Sea struck bin Laden's training camps near Khost in Afghanistan, narrowly missing him by a few hours.[161] In 1999 the CIA, together with Pakistani military intelligence, had prepared a team of approximately 60 Pakistani commandos to infiltrate Afghanistan to capture or kill bin Laden, but the plan was aborted by the 1999 Pakistani coup d'état;[161] in 2000, foreign operatives working on behalf of the CIA had fired a rocket-propelled grenade at a convoy of vehicles in which bin Laden was traveling through the mountains of Afghanistan, hitting one of the vehicles but not the one in which bin Laden was in.[160]
In 2000, prior to the September 11 attacks, Paul Bremer characterized the Clinton administration as "correctly focused on bin Laden", while Robert Oakley criticized their "obsession with Osama".[113]
Bush administration[link]
Immediately after the September 11 attacks, U.S. government officials named bin Laden and the al-Qaeda organization as the prime suspects and offered a reward of $25 million for information leading to his capture or death.[42][162] On July 13, 2007, this figure was doubled to $50 million.[163] The Airline Pilots Association and the Air Transport Association offered an additional $2 million reward.[164]
According to The Washington Post, the U.S. government concluded that Osama bin Laden was present during the Battle of Tora Bora, Afghanistan in late 2001, and according to civilian and military officials with first-hand knowledge, failure by the United States to commit enough U.S. ground troops to hunt him led to his escape and was the gravest failure by the United States in the war against al-Qaeda. Intelligence officials have assembled what they believe to be decisive evidence, from contemporary and subsequent interrogations and intercepted communications, that bin Laden began the Battle of Tora Bora inside the cave complex along Afghanistan's mountainous eastern border.[165]
The Washington Post also reported that the CIA unit composed of their special operations paramilitary forces dedicated to capturing bin Laden was shut down in late 2005.[166] Bush had previously defended this scaling back of the effort several times, saying, "I don't know where bin Laden is. I have no idea and really don't care. It's not that important. It's not our priority."[167]
U.S. and Afghanistan forces raided the mountain caves in Tora Bora between August 14–16, 2007. The military was drawn to the area after receiving intelligence of a pre-Ramadan meeting held by al-Qaeda members. After killing dozens of al-Qaeda and Taliban members, they did not find either Osama bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri.[168]
Obama administration[link]
On October 7, 2008, in the second presidential debate, on foreign policy, then-presidential candidate Barack Obama pledged, "We will kill bin Laden. We will crush al-Qaeda. That has to be our biggest national security priority."[169] Upon being elected, then President-elect Obama expressed his plans to "renew U.S. commitment to finding al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, according to his national security advisers" in an effort to ratchet up the hunt for the terrorist.[169] President Obama rejected the Bush administration's policy on bin Laden that "conflated all terror threats from al-Qaeda to Hamas to Hezbollah," replacing it with "with a covert, laserlike focus on al-Qaeda and its spawn."[170][171]
U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said in December 2009 that officials had had no reliable information on bin Laden's whereabouts for years. One week later, General Stanley McChrystal, the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan said in December 2009 that al-Qaeda will not be defeated unless its leader, Osama bin Laden, is captured or killed. Testifying to the U.S. Congress, he said bin Laden had become an "iconic figure, whose survival emboldens al-Qaeda as a franchising organization across the world", and that Obama's deployment of 30,000 extra troops to Afghanistan meant that success would be possible. "I don't think that we can finally defeat al-Qaeda until he's captured or killed", McChrystal said of bin Laden. "Killing or capturing bin Laden would not spell the end of al-Qaeda, but the movement could not be eradicated while he remained at large."[172]
In April 2011, President Obama ordered a covert operation to kill or capture bin Laden. On May 2, 2011, the White House announced that U.S. Navy SEALs had carried it out, killing him in his Abbottabad, Pakistan compound.[173]
Activities and whereabouts after the September 11 attacks[link]
Main article: Location of Osama bin Laden
While referring to Osama bin Laden in a CNN film clip on September 17, 2001, then President George W. Bush stated, "I want justice. There is an old poster out west, as I recall, that said, 'Wanted dead or alive'.[174] Subsequently, bin Laden retreated further from public contact to avoid capture. Numerous speculative press reports were issued about his whereabouts or even death; some placed bin Laden in different locations during overlapping time periods. None were ever definitively proven. After military offensives in Afghanistan failed to uncover his whereabouts, Pakistan was regularly identified as his suspected hiding place. Some of the conflicting reports regarding bin Laden's continued whereabouts and mistaken claims about his death follow:
- In December 11, 2005, a letter from Atiyah Abd al-Rahman to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi indicated that bin Laden and the al-Qaeda leadership were based in the Waziristan region of Pakistan at the time. In the letter, translated by the United States military's Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, "Atiyah" instructs Zarqawi to "send messengers from your end to Waziristan so that they meet with the brothers of the leadership [...] I am now on a visit to them and I am writing you this letter as I am with them..." Al-Rahman also indicates that bin Laden and al-Qaeda are "weak" and "have many of their own problems." The letter has been deemed authentic by military and counterterrorism officials, according to The Washington Post.[175][176]
- Al-Qaeda continued to release time-sensitive and professionally verified videos demonstrating bin Laden's continued survival as recently as August 2007.[177]
- In 2009, a research team led by Thomas W. Gillespie and John A. Agnew of UCLA used satellite-aided geographical analysis to pinpoint three compounds in Parachinar as bin Laden's likely hideouts.[178]
- In March 2009, the New York Daily News reported that the hunt for bin Laden had centered in the Chitral District of Pakistan, including the Kalam Valley. Author, Rohan Gunaratna, stated that captured al-Qaeda leaders had confirmed that bin Laden was hiding in Chitral.[179]
- In the first week of December 2009, a Taliban detainee in Pakistan said he had information that bin Laden was in Afghanistan in 2009. The detainee reported that in January or February (2009) he met a trusted contact who had seen bin Laden in Afghanistan about 15 to 20 days earlier. However, on December 6, 2009, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates stated that the United States had had no reliable information on the whereabouts of bin Laden in years.[180] Pakistan's Prime Minister Gillani rejected claims that Osama bin Laden was hiding in Pakistan.[181]
- On December 9, 2009, BBC News reported that U.S. Army General Stanley A. McChrystal, who served as Commander of the U.S. forces in Afghanistan from June 15, 2009, until June 23, 2010, emphasized the continued importance of the capture or killing of bin Laden, thus indicating that the U.S. high command believed that bin Laden was still alive.[182]
- On February 2, 2010, Afghan president, Hamid Karzai arrived in Saudi Arabia for an official visit. The agenda included discussion of a possible Saudi role in Karzai's plan to reintegrate Taliban militants. During the visit an anonymous official of the Saudi Foreign Ministry declared that the kingdom had no intention of getting involved in peacemaking in Afghanistan unless the Taliban severed ties with extremists and expelled Osama bin Laden.[183]
- On June 7, 2010, the Kuwaiti newspaper, Al Siyassa reported that bin Laden was hiding out in the mountainous town of Savzevar, in north eastern Iran.[184] The Australian News,online edition published the claim on June 9.[185] On June 9, The Australian News, online edition repeated the claim.
- On October 18, 2010, an unnamed NATO official suggested that bin Laden was "alive and well and living comfortably" in Pakistan, protected by elements of the country's intelligence services. A senior Pakistani official denied the allegations and said the accusations were designed to put pressure on the Pakistani government ahead of talks aimed at strengthening ties between Pakistan and the United States.[186]
- On April 16, 2011, a leaked Al Jazeera report claimed that bin Laden had been captured by U.S. forces in Afghanistan.[187]
On March 29, 2012 Pakistani newspaper Dawn acquired a report produced by Pakistani security officials, based on interrogation of his three surviving wives, that detailed his movements while living underground in Pakistan.[188]
In a letter Bin Laden wrote in 2010 he chastised followers who had reinterpreted al-tatarrus — an Islamic doctrine meant to excuse the unintended killing of non-combatants in unusual circumstances — to justify routine massacres of Muslim civilians which had turned Muslims against the jihadi movement. Of the groups affiliated with al-Qaida, Bin Laden condemned Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan for an attack on members of a hostile tribe, declaring that “the operation is not justified, as there were casualties of noncombatants.” Bin Laden wrote that the tatarrus doctrine “needs to be revisited based on the modern-day context and clear boundaries established.” He asked a subordinate to draw up a jihadist code of conduct that would constrain military operations in order to avoid civilian casualties. In Yemen, Bin Laden urged his allies to seek a “truce” that would bring the country “stability” or would at least “show the people that we are careful in keeping … the Muslims safe on the basis of peace.” In Somalia, he called attention to the extreme poverty caused by constant warfare, and he advised al-Shabab to pursue economic development. He instructed his followers around the world to focus on education and persuasion rather than “entering into confrontations” with Islamic political parties.[189]
Whereabouts just prior to his death[link]
In April 2011, various intelligence outlets were able to pinpoint bin Laden's suspected location near Abbottabad, Pakistan. It was originally believed that bin Laden was hiding near the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas, but he was found 100 miles (160 km) away in a three-story mansion in Abbottabad at 34°10′9.51″N 73°14′32.78″E / 34.1693083°N 73.2424389°E / 34.1693083; 73.2424389.[190][191][192] Bin Laden's mansion was located 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southwest of the Pakistan Military Academy, the country's "West Point".[193][194][195][196] Google Earth maps show that the compound was not present in 2001, but was present on images taken in 2005.[original research?]
Death[link]
Main article: Death of Osama bin Laden
Osama bin Laden was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, shortly after 1 am local time[197][198] by a United States special forces military unit. The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was ordered by United States President Barack Obama and carried out in a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation by a team of United States Navy SEALs from the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or informally by its former name, SEAL Team Six) of the Joint Special Operations Command, with support from CIA operatives on the ground.[199][200] The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan was launched from Afghanistan.[201] After the raid, U.S. forces took bin Laden's body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried it at sea within 24 hours after his death.[202]
Critics accused Pakistan's military and security establishment of protecting bin Laden.[203] For example, Mosharraf Zaidi, a leading Pakistani columnist, stated, "It seems deeply improbable that bin Laden could have been where he was killed without the knowledge of some parts of the Pakistani state."[204] Pakistan's president Asif Ali Zardari denied that his country's security forces sheltered bin Laden,[205][206] and called any supposed support for bin Laden by the Pakistani government "baseless speculation".
It was speculated that the issue might further strain U.S. ties with Pakistan.[207][208] Bin Laden was killed in what some suggest was his residence for five years.[209][210] It was an expensive compound located less than a mile from Pakistan Military Academy,[211][212][213] probably built for him[214] and less than 100 kilometers' drive from the capital.
The Pakistani government's foreign office issued a statement that "categorically denies" any reports by the media that the country's leadership, "civil as well as military, had any prior knowledge of the U.S. operation against Osama bin Laden".[215][216]
Pakistan's United States envoy, ambassador Husain Haqqani, promises a "full inquiry" into how Pakistani intelligence services failed to find bin Laden in a fortified compound, just a few hours drive from Islamabad, and stated that "obviously bin Laden did have a support system; the issue is, was that support system within the government and the state of Pakistan or within the society of Pakistan?"[217]
See also[link]
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References[link]
Footnotes[link]
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- ^ Osama Bin Laden (2007) Suzanne J. Murdico
- ^ Armstrong, Karen (July 11, 2005). "The label of Catholic terror was never used about the IRA". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2005/jul/11/northernireland.july7.
- ^ "Death of Osama bin Ladin". Pakistani Ministry Of Foreign Affairs. May 1, 2011. http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ Baker, Peter; Cooper, Helene; Mazzetti, Mark (May 1, 2011). "Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html.
- ^ Aleem Maqbool. "Osama Bin Laden, al-Qaeda leader, dead - Barack Obama". May 1, 2011. BBC News Online. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
- ^ Scheuer, Michael (February 7, 2008). "Yemen still close to al-Qaeda's heart". Asia Times. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives". FBI.gov. Archived from the original on January 3, 2008. http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Dan Eggen (August 28, 2006). "Bin Laden, Most Wanted For Embassy Bombings?". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082700687.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ "Most wanted terrorists list released". CNN. October 10, 2001. http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-10/us/inv.mostwanted.list_1_saif-al-adel-abdul-rahman-yasin-ahmed-khalfan-ghailani. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Fbi – Usama Bin Laden". Fbi.gov. August 7, 1998. http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/usama-bin-laden. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ "USS Carl Vinson: Osama Bin Laden's Burial at Sea". ABC News. USA. May 1, 2011. http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/uss-carl-vinson-osama-bin-ladens-burial-sea/story?id=13510831. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
- ^ Quigley, Rachel (May 6, 2011). "Your happiness will turn to sadness: Al Qaeda admits Bin Laden IS dead – but vows bloody revenge". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1384260/Al-Qaeda-confirm-Osama-Bin-Laden-death-vow-continue-US-terrorist-attacks.html. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Frontline: Hunting Bin Laden: Who is Bin Laden?: Chronology". PBS. Archived from the original on February 10, 2006. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/etc/cron.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ David Johnson. "Osama bin Laden infoplease". Infoplease. Archived from the original on January 20, 2008. http://www.infoplease.com/spot/osamabinladen.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ a b c Steve Coll (December 12, 2005). "Letter From Jedda: Young Osama- How he learned radicalism, and may have seen America". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/12/12/051212fa_fact. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ "Osama bin Laden". GlobalSecurity.org. January 11, 2006. http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/profiles/osama_bin_laden.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ "The Mysterious Death of Osama Bin Laden". August 3, 2011. http://votebits.com/tag/osama-bin-laden-histery. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ The Economist, "Osama bin Laden", May 5, 2011, p. 93.
- ^ Beyer, Lisa (September 24, 2001). "The Most Wanted Man In The World". Time. http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101010924/wosama.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Bergen 2006, pp. 52
- ^ Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden, Verso, 2005, p. xii.
- ^ Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. 22. Gale Group, 2002. (link requires username/password)
- ^ "A Biography of Osama Bin Laden". PBS Frontline. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/bio.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Aziz Hug (January 19, 2006). "The Real Osama". The American Prospect. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080430133236/http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?articleId=10855. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ Gunaratna, Rohan (2003). Inside Al Qaeda (3rd ed.). Berkley Books. p. 22. ISBN 0-231-12692-1.
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 79
- ^ Michael Hirst (September 24, 2008). "Analysing Osama's jihadi poetry". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7630934.stm. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ "Osama bin Laden's bodyguard: I had orders to kill him if the Americans tried to take him alive". Daily Mirror. May 4, 2011. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/osama-bin-ladens-bodyguard-i-had-orders-126430. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
- ^ Michael Slackman (November 13, 2001). "Osama Kin Wait and Worry". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2001/nov/13/news/mn-3564. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Brian Todd, Tim Lister (May 5, 2011). "Bin Laden's wives – and daughter who would 'kill enemies of Islam'". CNN Edition: International. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/05/osama.many.wives. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ "Osama's Women". CNN. March 12, 2002. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0203/12/ltm.10.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Amy Zalman, PhD. "Profile: Osama bin Laden". About.com. http://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/OsamabinLaden.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Osama bin Laden's family 'stranded' in Iran, son says. The Telegraph. July 19, 2010.
- ^ "Interview with US Author Steve Coll: 'Osama bin Laden is Planning Something for the US Election'". Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,544921,00.html. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
- ^ Best of the Web: Osama's Brother Died in San Antonio, Red Velvet Onion Rings|WOAI: San Antonio News
- ^ "Most Wanted Terrorist – Usama Bin Laden". FBI. http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm. Retrieved June 8, 2006.
- ^ "I met Osama Bin Laden". BBC News. March 26, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3570751.stm. Retrieved May 15, 2006.
- ^ Whitaker, Brian. "Arabic words and the Roman alphabet". Al-Bab.com. http://www.al-bab.com/arab/language/roman1.htm. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
- ^ bin Laden, Najwa; bin Laden, Omar; Sasson, Jean (2009). Growing up Bin Laden: Osama's Wife and Son Take Us Inside Their Secret World. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-312-56016-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=RcBwm5b8VbAC.
- ^ a b "Most Wanted Terrorist – Usama Bin Laden". FBI. Archived from the original on March 10, 2006. http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ "Meaning of Usama". English–Arabic Almaany Dictionary. 2011. http://www.almaany.com/home.php?language=english&lang_name=English&category=Names+Meanings&word=USAMA. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ Warrick, Joby (September 8, 2007). "In a New Video, Bin Laden Predicts U.S. Failure in Iraq". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/07/AR2007090700279.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Scheuer, Michael (2004). Imperial Hubris. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's, Inc.. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-9655139-4-4. "The focused and lethal threat posed to U.S. national security arises not from Muslims being offended by what America is, but rather from their plausible perception that the things they most love and value—God, Islam, their brethren, and Muslim lands—are being attacked by America."
- ^ Messages, 2005, p. 218. "Resist the New Rome", audiotape delivered to al-Jazeera and broadcast by it on January 4, 2004.
- ^ Dale C. Eikmeier (Spring 2007). "Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism". Parameters. pp. 85–98. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Messages, (2005), p. 143. from an interview published in Al-Quds Al-Arabi in London November 12, 2001 (originally published in Pakistani daily, Ausaf, Nov. 7)
- ^ Messages to the World, (2005), pp. xix–xx, editor Bruce Lawrence.
- ^ October 6, 2002. Appeared in Al-Qala'a website and then The Observer November 24, 2002.
- ^ Messages, (2005) p. 70. Al Jazeera interview, December 1998, following Kenya and Tanzania embassy attacks.
- ^ Messages, (2005), p. 119, October 21, 2001, interview with Taysir Alluni of Al Jazeera.
- ^ Messages, (2005), p. 190. from 53-minute audiotape that "was circulated on various websites" dated February 14, 2003. "Among a Band of Knights"
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 303 "From interview with Ali Soufan – a Lebanese Sunni FBI agent"
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 167
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 172
- ^ Osama: The Making of a Terrorist John Randal I B Tauris & Co Ltd (October 4, 2005).
- ^ A Capitol Idea Donald E. Abelson p. 208.
- ^ Abby Goodnough (July 8, 2007). "Mysteries, Legal and Sartorial, at Padilla Trial". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/us/nationalspecial3/08padilla.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Michael R. Gordon (September 17, 2001). "After the attacks: the strategy; A New War And Its Scale". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/17/world/after-the-attacks-the-strategy-a-new-war-and-its-scale.html. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ "Is global terror threat falling?". BBC News. May 21, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7412036.stm. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ ""Osama bin Laden's operation" has "perpetrated the worst act of terrorism ever witnessed on U.S. soil". Aljazeera. August 17, 2008. http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/rizkhan/2008/08/20088161083773835.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Bergen 2006
- ^ Scheuer 2002
- ^ Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century Marc Sageman University of Pennsylvania Press January 3, 2008.
- ^ Bruce Hoffman (Spring 2004). "Redefining Counterterrorism: The Terrorist Leader as CEO". RAND Review.
- ^ A Devil's Triangle: Terrorism, Weapons Of Mass Destruction, And Rogue States Peter Brookes Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.
- ^ a b "Wanted: Bin Laden, Usama". Interpol. Archived from the original on November 12, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp. Retrieved September 3, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Bin Laden: Goal is to bankrupt U.S.". CNN. November 2, 2004.
- ^ "Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech". Al-Jazeera. November 1, 2004. http://english.aljazeera.net/archive/2004/11/200849163336457223.html. Retrieved November 16, 2008.
- ^ "Who is Osama Bin Laden?". BBC News. September 18, 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/155236.stm. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ "Photo: Zbigniew Brzezinski & Osama bin Laden". March 23, 2006. Archived from the original on June 2, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090602052000/http://fufor.twoday.net/stories/2302873. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ Interview with Robert Fisk, 22/3/97, 'The Great War For Civilisation', 2005, p.7.
- ^ "How the CIA created Osama bin Laden". Green Left Weekly. September 19, 2001. http://www.greenleft.org.au/2001/465/25199. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 145 "Lawrence Wright estimates his share of the Saudi Binladin Group circa fall 1989 as amounted to 27 million Saudi riyals – a little more than [US]$ 7 million."
- ^ Robert Fisk, 'The Great War For Civilisation', 2005, p.4
- ^ Bergen 2006, pp. 74–88
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 133–134.
- ^ Wright 2006, p. 260.
- ^ Asthana, N. C (January 1, 2009). Urban Terrorism : Myths And Realities. Pointer Publishers. p. 108. ISBN 978-81-7132-598-6. http://books.google.com/?id=8EqWnqdsgZMC&pg=PA108&dq=August+11,+1988,+meeting+between+%22several+senior+leaders%22+of+Egyptian+Islamic+Jihad,+Abdullah+Azzam,+and+bin+Laden.
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 146
- ^ a b 'The Great War for Civilisation', Robert Fisk, 2005, p4.
- ^ Jehl, Douglas (December 27, 2001). "A Nation Challenged: Holy war lured Saudis as rulers looked Away". The New York Times: pp. A1, B4. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/27/world/a-nation-challenged-saudi-arabia-holy-war-lured-saudis-as-rulers-looked-away.html. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ "USA v. Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel-Rahman et al: 93-CR-181-KTD". MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080109221029/http://www.tkb.org/CaseHome.jsp?caseid=332. Retrieved May 28, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ Steve Emerson. "Abdullah Assam: The Man Before Osama Bin Laden". http://www.iacsp.com/itobli3.html. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ Reeve, Simon (June 27, 2002). The new jackals: Ramzi Yousef, Osama Bin Laden and the future of terrorism. UPNE. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-55553-509-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=VQjpziNmoE4C&pg=PA172. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ Shay, Shaul; Liberman, Rachel (October 13, 2006). The Red Sea terror triangle: Sudan, Somalia, Yemen, and Islamic terror. Transaction Publishers. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4128-0620-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=v2ss0vor_DkC&pg=PA43. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ Gallab, Abdullahi A. (2008). The first Islamist republic: development and disintegration of Islamism in the Sudan. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-7546-7162-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=s1XdRfAJwLIC&pg=PA127. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ 'The Great War for Civilisation', Robert Fisk, 2005, p5.
- ^ Wright 2006, pp. 195
- ^ Hunting the Jackal: A Special Forces and CIA Soldier's Fifty Years on the Frontlines of the War Against Terrorism, 2004.
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- ^ 'The Great War for Civilisation', Robert Fisk, 2005, p22
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- ^ Merchant of Death: Money, Guns, Planes, and the Man Who Makes War Possible (2007), pp. 138–140
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- ^ Jailan Halawi, 'bin Laden behind Luxor Massacre?' Al-Ahram Weekly, May 20–26, 1999.
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- ^ a b Bin Laden was granted Bosnian passport, Agence France Presse September 24, 1999.
- ^ a b Chris Hedges (September 23, 1996). "Outsiders Bring Islamic Fervor To the Balkans". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/23/world/outsiders-bring-islamic-fervor-to-the-balkans.html. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
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- ^ United Airlines Flight 93, United Airlines Flight 175, American Airlines Flight 11, and American Airlines Flight 77.
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- ^ Osama bin Laden death: Pakistan locals flock to see villain's lair Declan Walsh The Guardian May 5, 2011
- ^ "Map of Where Osama bin Laden Was Killed – Map". The New York Times. May 2, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/05/02/world/asia/abbottabad-map-of-where-osama-bin-laden-was-killed.html. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
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- ^ "Spitzer: What role did Pakistan play in the killing of Osama bin Laden? – In the Arena". CNN. http://inthearena.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/02/spitzer-what-role-did-pakistan-play-in-the-killing-of-osama-bin-laden/. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
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- ^ Greg Miller (May 5, 2011). "CIA spied on bin Laden from safe house". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/cia-spied-on-bin-laden-from-safe-house/2011/05/05/AFXbG31F_story.html. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
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- ^ "Osama bin Laden killed near Pakistan's West Point. Was he really hidden?". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2011/0502/Osama-bin-Laden-killed-near-Pakistan-s-West-Point.-Was-he-really-hidden. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
- ^ Nahal Toosi; Zarar Khan (May 3, 2011). "Pakistan's president denies harboring bin Laden". Associated Press. Yahoo Finance. http://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/Pakistans-president-denies-apf-1756634910.html. Retrieved January 6, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Zardari defends Pakistan over intel". AFP. Emirates 24/7. May 3, 2011. http://www.emirates247.com/news/world/zardari-defends-pakistan-over-bin-laden-intel-2011-05-03-1.388294. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ "Pakistan admits it wasn't part of US operation to kill Osama bin Laden – DNA". Dnaindia.com. September 11, 2001. http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_pakistan-admits-it-wasn-t-part-of-us-operation-to-kill-osama-bin-laden_1538828. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ Perlez, Jane (September 11, 2001). "Nation & World, Bin Laden's death casts more suspicion on Pakistan". Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2014941260_osamapakistan03.html. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ Peter Walker and agencies (May 6, 2011). "Osama bin Laden lived in two rooms for five years, wife says". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/06/osama-bin-laden-lived-two-rooms. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
- ^ Reuters (May 3, 2011). "U.S.: Bin Laden lived in Pakistan compound for at least 5 years". Haaretz. Israel. http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/u-s-bin-laden-lived-in-pakistan-compound-for-at-least-5-years-1.359578. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
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- ^ Westhead, Rick (April 1, 2011). "Questions about bin Laden embarrassing to Pakistan". Toronto Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/984289. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ Ross, Brian. "Osama Bin Laden Killed: U.S. Intelligence Probes Possible Pakistani Support System". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/osama-bin-laden-killed-us-probes-pakistan-support/story?id=13516775. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ 'Osama raid took Pakistan Army by surprise'. PTI. July 26, 2011. rediff.com
- ^ "Death of Bin Laden: Live report". Yahoo!. http://ph.news.yahoo.com/death-bin-laden-live-report-013459906.html.
Additional notes[link]
- ^ The date according to Pakistan Standard Time (UTC+05:00).
Bibliography[link]
- Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama Bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al Qaeda's Leader. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-9592-7. http://books.google.com/?id=_XkM92XMlQ4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Osama+bin+Laden#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda And The Road To 9/11. New York: Knopf. ISBN 1-4000-3084-6. http://books.google.com/?id=RNkj-mO-Nt8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Looming+Tower:+Al-Qaeda+And+The+Road+To+9/11#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Scheuer, Michael (2002). Through Our Enemies' Eyes. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. ISBN 1-57488-553-7. http://books.google.com/?id=sK0n1UoN9gAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Through+Our+Enemies%27+Eyes#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Further reading[link]
- Berner, Brad K (2007). Quotations from Osama Bin Laden. Peacock Books. ISBN 81-248-0113-4. http://books.google.com/?id=ytwlNcIqYs0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Osama+bin+Laden#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Bin Laden, Osama; Bruce Lawrence (2005). Messages to the world: the statements of Osama Bin Laden. Verso. ISBN 1-84467-045-7. http://books.google.com/?id=3_fRlEZoaioC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Osama+bin+Laden#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Scheuer, Michael (2011). Osama Bin Laden. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-973866-1. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Vt-a30Z4_UUC&lpg=PP1&dq=Osama%20bin%20Laden&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Foreign Broadcast Information Service (2006) – Compilation of Usama Bin Laden Statements 1994 – January 2004
- Ibrahim, Raymond (2007). The Al Qaeda Reader. Broadway Books. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-7679-2262-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=Tdx3M-bHj34C&dq=raymond+ibrahim&hl=en&ei=_EsCTtq3KYOwuAPQkfj1DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA.
External links[link]
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- Osama bin Laden collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
- Osama bin Laden collected news and commentary at Dawn
- Osama bin Laden collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Osama bin Laden collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Osama bin Laden collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Works by or about Osama bin Laden in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Osama bin Laden collected legal news at JURIST
- Full text: bin Laden's 'letter to America', The Observer, November 24, 2002
- Hunting Bin Laden, PBS Frontline, (November 2002)
- Young Osama, Steve Coll, The New Yorker, December 12, 2005
- How the World Sees Osama bin Laden[dead link], slideshow by Life
- The Osama bin Laden File from The National Security Archive, posted May 2, 2011
- Letters from Abbottabad from Combating Terrorism Center
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | bin Laden, Osama |
| Alternative names | Osama bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Laden (full name); أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن (Arabic); Laden, Osama bin (alternate form); Bin Laden, Usama (alternate transliteration); UBL (common referent); Bin Ladin, Ussamah (alternate transliteration); Ben Laden, Oussama (alternate transliteration); Binladen, Osama (alternate transliteration); Binladin, Osama (alternate transliteration); Al-Amir (alias); Abu Abdallah (alias); Mujahid, Sheikh Al- (alias) |
| Short description | Al-Qaeda leader |
| Date of birth | 1957-03-10 |
| Place of birth | Riyadh, Saudi Arabi |
| Date of death | 2011-05-02 |
| Place of death | Abbottabad, Pakistan |
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| Makhdoom Javed Hashmi | |
|---|---|
[[file:
|
|
| Constituency | NA-123, Lahore, NA-149, Multan |
| Ministry of Health | |
| In office 17 February 1997 – 12 October 1999 |
|
| President | Rafiq Tarar Farooq Leghari |
| Prime Minister | Nawaz Sharif |
| Ministry of Youth Affairs | |
| In office 26 May 1993 – 18 July 1993 |
|
| President | Ghulam Ishaq Khan |
| Prime Minister | Nawaz Sharif |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Makhdoom Muhammad Javed Hashmi (1948-01-01) 1 January 1948 (age 64) Multan, West-Pakistan, Dominion of Pakistan |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
| Residence | Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory |
| Alma mater | Punjab University (B.Sc., M.Sc. and M.Phil.) |
| Occupation | Politician and Statesman |
| Religion | Islam |
Makhdoom Muhammad Javed Hashmi (Urdu: مخدوم محمد جاوید ہاشمی ) (born January 1, 1948 in Makhdoom Rashid, Multan) is a Pakistani political scientist, geostrategist, statesman, and the President of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, which he joined on 24 December 2011. Previously, he served as Senior Vice-President of the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz Wing) led by former Prime minister and party's President Nawaz Sharif.
After the Nawaz's government was overthrown in 1999 in a coup d'état staged and led by then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan Army General Pervez Musharraf, Hashmi was thrown in Central Jail Rawalpindi, along with Nawaz Sharif and other members of his party on false accusations made by General Pervez Musharraf. A democracy activist, Hashmi became one of the most vocal and open critic of the General Pervez Musharraf's military regime where he openly criticized General Musharraf's treatment of dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, policy on War on Terror and Musharraf's mishandling of Tribal areas which led to open the unannounced war in West-Pakistan.
In the 2008 general and parliamentary elections, Javed Hashmi won a record three seats out of the four contested; he only lost out to Shah Mehmood Qureshi in his home city of Multan. Hashmi won National Assembly seats from Multan, Lahore and Rawalpindi beating PML-Q leader Shaikh Rasheed Ahmad in the latter one.[1] On 20 July 2010 Javed Hashmi suffered from Brain hemorrhage and was admitted to hospital. After recovering, he was shifted to Islamabad and went to Parliament, where he is currently serving as a Chairman of the Standing Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs and the member of the Standing Parliamentary Committee on Labour, Manpower and Overseas Pakistanis.
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Early career[link]
An agriculturist and intellectual by profession, Hashmi attended Punjab University where he was part of the student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami. He took his B.Sc. in Political Science in 1969, followed by M.Sc. in 1971, and M.Phil. in 1973, in the same academic discipline from the same institution.[2] He turned to politics in 1985 and joined hands with Nawaz Sharif — who later became Prime minister.[2] From 1985 till 1988, he was elected to the National Assembly for the terms of 1985 till 1988.[2] From 1990 till 1993, Hashmi was the Minister of State for Youth Affairs, and elected as Parliamentarian for the terms of 1993-1997.[2] From 1997-1999, he served as Federal Minister for Health in Nawaz Sharif's cabinet during his second term.During Musharraf era,PML(Q) was in dire need of MNAs to form colition government, so their delegation led by Ch. shujaat went on to see him and offered him to be part of PML(Q)and be the prime minister. But he never bargained on his principles and turned down their offer. For this act he had to suffer the wrath of the then president Gen. Musharraf and he remained behind the bars for 5 years. During prison days he wrote two books about his political struggle which are named as "HAAN MEIN BAGHI HUN"& "TAKHTAEY E DAAR K SAAEY TALAY". He is truly regarded as "Nelson Mandela of Pakistan".He served in united nations for some times as well. a w [2]
Arrest[link]
On 29 October 2003, he was arrested from Parliament Building on charges of inciting mutiny made by General Pervez Musharraf.[3] Earlier, in a press conference on 20 October 2003, he had read a letter that he received in mail, signed anonymously by some active military officers at Pakistan Army's Combatant Headquarter, known as The Generals Headquarter (GHQ), calling for an investigation into the corruption in the armed forces and criticizing the President and Chief of Army Staff General Pervez Musharraf, and his relationship with the American President George W. Bush.[3] His trial was held in the central Adiala Jail instead of a district and sessions court at the Lahore High Court, which raised doubts among human rights groups about its fairness.[3] On 12 April 2004, he was sentenced to 23 years in prison for inciting mutiny in the army, forgery, and defamation.[3]
The verdict has widely been considered as a willful miscarriage of justice by the General Pervez Musharraf's Government. All opposition parties in Pakistan, including Pakistan Peoples Party of the former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and six party-alliance Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA), regarded the verdict to be politically motivated by the ruling junta with malicious intent, declaring him to be a political prisoner.[3] In imprisonment he also wrote two books titled as "Haan, Main Baaghi Hoon!" (Yes, I am a 'Rebel!') and "takhta daar ke saaye tale" (Under the shadow of Hanging board). His book, "Yes, I am a 'Rebel'!", Hashmi clearly stated that he was jailed because he demanded a commission to be formed to investigate the Kargil issue, the restoration of democracy and opposed the Army’s role in politics, and Pakistan's geostrategy policy in central Asia and Europe.[3]
On 3 August 2007, a three-member bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan under Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry granted him bail after serving approximately three and a half years in prison.[3] Javed Hashmi was released from the Central Jail Kotlakhpat in Lahore on 4 August 2007.[3]
He was again placed under arrest at the declaration of a state of emergency on 3 November 2007[4]
2008 Elections[link]
It is believed that Hashmi was personally asked by party chairman Nawaz Sharif to contest from Rawalpindi for the National Assembly seat, where Sheikh Rasheed Ahmed of the PML[Q] was undefeated since 1988. Makhdoom Javed Hashmi as a result won three National Assembly seats, one from Rawalpindi, one from Punjab Capital Lahore and one from his hometown Multan. Hashmi beat PML-Q's political stalwart Sheikh Rasheed Ahmed in Rawalpindi. However, he lost to PPP President Punjab and old rival Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi in NA-148 (Multan). This was the third time he lost to Qureshi, having beaten him once in 1997. Hashmi's group the PML-N dominated the national and provincial assembly in Punjab. They finished second behind the PPP and made a coalition with its one time fierce rivals.
After 2008 Elections[link]
Despite winning 3 seats, Hashmi refused to take oath from President Musharraf and thus did not get a place in the federal cabinet. Hashmi was one of the few people who decided not to take oath as it was against his principle. Hashmi is the senior vice president of the party and is always seen in important meeting between the PML(N) and PPPP. Hashmi is considered a political heavyweight and is well respected throughout Pakistan. He is seen many times representing the views of his party the PML-N on various talk shows. It was widely reported that in the by-elections, Hashmi supported an independent candidate who was running against Makhdoom Mureed Hussain Qureshi, brother of Hashmi's old rival Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi. After Mureed Qureshi lost, many people including Mureed Hussain widely condemned the behaviour of Hashmi and said that they will report the incident to the chief of the Peoples Party, Asif Zardari. Hashmi is a strong supporter of the judges who have been sacked and it is said that Hashmi is one of the few people in the PML-N who are trying to convince the senior leadership of the PML-N to stop supporting the PPPP as they believe the PPPP is not serious and sincere when they say that they will restore the judges.
Kerry-Lugar Bill[link]
Javed Hashmi released a very strong reaction on Inter Services Public Relations press release on Kerry-Luger bill. He commented in Parliament that Army should remain within its limit and not interfere in government issues. After this reaction, Hashmi proved himself a true brave[weasel words] and democratic personality and PPP officials appreciate his words. Hashmi is an indisputable[weasel words] and respectable[weasel words] personality in Pakistani politics. He is a symbol[weasel words] of democratic struggle in Pakistan.[citation needed]
Resignation from Parliament (2011)[link]
On 7 May 2011 Hashmi submitted his resignation from Parliament, claiming that is a dummy and not passing real legislation, his resignation has yet to be accepted by Chaudhary Nisar Ali Khan the leader of Pakistan Parliamentary affairs.[5]
Hospitalization[link]
In July 20, 2010, Hashmi was hospitalized at Nishtar Hospital after he suffered Brain Hemorrhage, and his body also suffered stroke due to internal bleeding.[6] He was later admitted at the Lahore General Hospital Dr. Tariq Salahuddin, principal of the Lahore General Hospital.[7] Dr. Tariq Salahuddin briefed the media and Hashmi’s CT Angiography reports came out normal.[7]
Emotions for Pakistan[link]
Javed hashmi during attending a Geo tv talk show named as Capital Talk, became emotional and started to weep due to the murder of a young citizen Sarfraz shah by the karachi rangers. He stated that he is my own child and all the youth of Pakistan are my child. It is the time to secure them from killing in order to save Pakistan.[8]
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf[link]
Javed Hashmi joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf on December 24, 2011 saying that he has made no deal with Imran Khan and has become a member because Imran Khan has an agenda of a change.[9] While addressing a mega political rally at the tomb of Quaid-e-Azam in Karachi on December 25, 2011 He said, "The youth of today have to move forward,Karachi is mini Pakistan. It represents all shades of the peoples of Pakistan." Quoting Quaid-e-Azam he said, "Minorities are our blood." Hashmi straight forwardly addressed to PTI Chairman Imran Khan, "Yes, I'm a rebel (Baghi); you invited a rebel to join PTI, Now if you have not delivered as per your manifesto I will be first person to rebel against your Party”
Javed Hashmi said that he joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf only for the sake of Pakistan and not for Imran khan. He later added that he would leave the party if PTI failed to deliver the nation after coming into the power.
he has been warmly welcomed in Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf not only by Imran himself but also by all of the supporters. he is the first person in PTI whose addtition in PTI have not been criticised by a single member.
Hashmi and his daughter Memoona Hashmi resigned from National assembly of Pakistan on December 29, 2011.[10]
Javed Hashmi, dared Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) leader Nawaz Sharif to field his man against Shaikh Rashid in the next elections. [11]
References[link]
- ^ Hanif Khalid. 'Hashmi tops multiple-seat successful candidates' The News, February 25, 2008
- ^ a b c d e ECP, Election Commission of Pakistan (February 18, 2008). "PTI- Makhodoon Muhammad Javed Hashmi's profile". Election Commission of Pakistan. Election Commission of Pakistan. http://www.elections.com.pk/candidatedetails.php?id=1002. Retrieved 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h ECP, Election Commission of Pakistan (February 18, 2008). "PML(N)- Makhodoon Muhammad Javed Hashmi's profile: Historical Background". Election Commission of Pakistan. Election Commission of Pakistan. http://www.elections.com.pk/candidatedetails.php?id=1175. Retrieved 2011.
- ^ 'Emergency may delay Pakistan poll' BBC News, November 4, 2007
- ^ http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=15409
- ^ "Javed Hashmi hospitalized over brain hemorrhage". July 20, 2010. http://www.geo.tv/7-20-2010/68636.htm.
- ^ a b "Javed Hashmi recovering fast". Tribune. July 20, 2010. http://tribune.com.pk/story/30066/javed-hashmi-recovering-fast/.
- ^ http://www.punjabrang.com/forum/f84/capital-talk-9th-june-2011-a-28584/
- ^ http://www.dawn.com/2011/12/24/javed-hashmi-of-pml-n-joins-the-pti.html
- ^ http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=29581&title=Javed-Hashmi-resigns-from-National-Assembly-
- ^ Nawaz Sharif could not face Shaikh Rashid in Rawalpindi: Hashmi, Geo News, May 28, 2012
External links[link]
- Javed Hashmi joins Imran Khan's PTI
- Profile by PILDAT
- Columns for Javed Hashmi at IBITIANS.com
- Find News and Columns About Makhdoom Muhammad Javed Hashmi at www.makhdoomjavedhashmi.com
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hashmi, Javed |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1 January 1948 |
| Place of birth | Multan, West-Pakistan, Dominion of Pakistan |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
