Trinity College of Music is one of the London music conservatories, based in Greenwich. It is part of Trinity Laban.

The conservatoire is inheritor of elegant riverside buildings of the former Greenwich Hospital, designed in part by Sir Christopher Wren. The College also owns the nearby Blackheath Halls — concert halls in nearby Blackheath village.

The Old Royal Naval College, on the south bank of the river Thames in Greenwich, London viewed from the north side. The Queen's House in the middle of the picture. The Royal Observatory visible in the background.

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History[link]

Trinity College of Music was founded in central London in 1872 by The Rev'd. Henry George Bonavia Hunt to improve the teaching of church music. The College began as the Church Choral Society, whose divers activities included choral singing classes and teaching instruction in church music. Gladstone was an early supporter during these years. A year later, in 1873, the college became the College of Church Music, London. In 1876 the college was incorporated as the Trinity College London. Initially, only male students could attend and they had to be members of the Church of England.

Royal Naval College, Queen Mary building

In 1881, the College moved to Mandeville Place off Wigmore Street in Central London, which remained its home for over a hundred years. The college took over various neighbouring buildings in Mandeville Place. These were finally united in 1922 with the addition of a Grecian portico, and substantial internal reconstruction to create a first floor concert hall and an impressive staircase. However, other parts of the college retained a complicated layout reflecting its history as three separate buildings. The building is now occupied by the School of Economic Science.

Trinity moved to its present home in Greenwich in 2001. King Charles Court was constructed by John Webb as part of Greenwich Palace, subsequently absorbed into Wren's Royal Naval Hospital complex and more recently was part of the Royal Naval College. To make the buildings suitable for Trinity's use and remove the accretions of a century of RNC occupation required a substantial refurbishment progamme. Work to provide new recital rooms revealed that the building's core incorporates masonry from the Tudor palace. The overall cost of the move to Greenwich was £17million.

Trinity College of Music offers a pre-eminent teaching faculty, with many principal players, soloists, choristers and composers from the international stage. A surge of interest in Trinity's new location has brought about increased levels of application, making the College one of the most popular institutions of its kind.

Many of the college's staff also teach at the Junior Trinity, a Saturday music school for talented young musicians who are keen on pursuing a musical career. Trinity was the first music college to create such a department, and many conservatoires have now followed in Trinity's steps.

The current Patron of Trinity College, London is HRH The Duke of Kent, KG. The principal is Derek Aviss. Trinity's current Presidents are the distinguised Australian conductor Sir Charles Mackerras CH AC CBE, and Dr Marion North CBE.

Trinity College of Music and Trinity College London[link]

Trinity College London is the international external examinations board of Trinity College of Music. Both Trinity College London and Trinity College of Music belong to the Trinity College Corporation.

Trinity College London is also one of the traditional validating authorities for Trinity College of Music, the others being the University of London and the University of Westminster.

Trinity College London is based at 89 Albert Embankment in central London.

Notable alumni[link]

Notable staff (current & former)[link]

Trinity's long association with Freemasonry[link]

The College has a long association with The Masonic Order. In 1878, just three years after the college was incorporated as the Trinity College of Music, the Trinity College Lodge no 1765 was founded by seven members of the college who were Freemasons, including The Rev'd. Henry George Bonavia Hunt. Ever since that time, Freemasonry has been an important, though private feature in the life of the College, amongst both members of staff and increasingly the undergraduate and postgraduate men of the college through the Masonic University Outreach Scheme. Trinity College Lodge is still a thriving masonic lodge, but it is no longer associated with the college, since no men of the college belong to it. HRH The Duke of Kent, the Patron of the College, is Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England. A generation ago, there were few - if any - male Trinity students and staff that did not belong to the Masonic Order.

References[link]

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007)

External links[link]

• Trinity College of Music – Official website
• Trinity College — Speech & Drama, Music, Drama & Dance, TESOL
• CUKAS – Admissions system website
• Music Tools Direct — MP3 piano accompaniment for Trinity Guildhall exam pieces

v t e Music schools in the United Kingdom Music school Secondary Chetham's School of Music · City of Edinburgh Music School · Purcell School · St Mary's Music School · Wells Cathedral School · Yehudi Menuhin School Tertiary Academy of Contemporary Music · Birmingham Conservatoire · Brighton Institute of Modern Music · Cardiff International Academy of Voice · Guildhall School of Music and Drama · Leeds College of Music · Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts · London College of Music · National Opera Studio · Royal Academy of Music · Royal College of Music · Royal College of Organists · Royal Conservatoire of Scotland · Royal Northern College of Music · Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama · Tech Music School · Trinity College of Music Military Army School of Bagpipe Music and Highland Drumming · Royal Military School of Music Associated organisations Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music · Conservatoires UK · European Association of Conservatoires  Category

The term music school refers to an educational institution specialized in the study, training and research of music. Different terms refer to this concept such as school of music, music academy, music faculty, college of music, music department (of a larger institution) or conservatory.

Music instruction can be provided within the compulsory general education system, or within specialized children's music schools such as the Purcell School. Elementary school children can access music instruction also in after-school institutions such as music academies or music schools. In Venezuela El Sistema of youth orchestras provides free after-school instrumental instruction through music schools called núcleos. The term “music school” can be also applied to institutions of higher education under names such as school of music, such as the Jacobs School of Music of Indiana University, music academy, like the Sibelius Academy, music faculty as the Don Wright Faculty of Music of the University of Western Ontario, college of music, characterized by the Royal College of Music and the Berklee College of Music, music department, like the Department of Music at the University of California, Berkeley or the term conservatory, exemplified by the Conservatoire de Paris and the term higher school of music or university of music such as the Cologne University of Music known as Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln in German. Instruction includes training in the performance of musical instruments, singing, musical composition, conducting, musicianship, as well as academic and research fields such as musicology, music history and music theory.

Graduates of Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg Conservatory include Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Sergey Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, and George Balanchine.

History[link]

Notre Dame Cathedral. Notre Dame School was an important centre of polyphonic music.

Although music and music education may have been in existence for thousands of years, the earliest history is speculative.^[1] Even when history starts to be recorded, music is mentioned more frequently than music education. Within the biblical tradition, Hebrew litany was accompanied with rich music, but the Torah or Pentateuch was silent on the practice and instruction of music in the early life of Israel. However, by I Samuel 10, Alfred Sendrey suggests that we find “a sudden and unexplained upsurge of large choirs and orchestras, consisting of thoroughly organized and trained musical groups, which would be virtually inconceivable without lengthy, methodical preparation.” This has led some scholars to believe that the prophet Samuel was the patriarch of a school which taught not only prophets and holy men, but also sacred-rite musicians.^[2]

The Schola cantorum (papal choir), may be the first recorded music school in history, when Gregory the Great (590–604) made permanent an existing guild dating from the 4th century ('schola' originally referred more to a guild rather than school). The school consisted of monks, secular clergy, and boys.^[3] Wells Cathedral School, England founded as a Cathedral School in 909 a.d. to educate choristers, continues today to educate choristers and teaches instrumentalists. However the school appears to have been refounded at least once.^[4]

Saint Martial school, 10th to 12th century, was an important school of composition at the Abbey of Saint Martial, Limoges. It is known for the composition of tropes, sequences, and early organum. In this respect, it was an important precursor to the Notre Dame School.^[5] It was the Notre Dame school (late 12th and early 13th century) which was the earliest repertory of polyphonic (multipart) music to gain international prestige and circulation. The school was a group of composers and singers working under the patronage of the great Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris.^[6]

The term Conservatory derives from Renaissance (16th century) Italy where orphanages were attached to hospitals. The Orphans (conservati) were given a musical education and the term gradually applied to music schools.^[7] The Conservatories have been the first secular institutions equipped for practical training in music. By the 18th century, Italian conservatories were already playing a major role in the training of artists and composers.^[8]

The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia (English: National Academy of St Cecilia) is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world, based in Italy. It is based at the Auditorium Parco della Musica in Rome, and was founded by the papal bull, Ratione congruit, issued by Sixtus V in 1585, which invoked two saints prominent in Western musical history: Gregory the Great, for whom the Gregorian chant is named, and Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of music. It was founded as a "congregation" or "confraternity" – a religious guild, so to speak – and over the centuries, has grown from a forum for local musicians and composers to an internationally acclaimed academy active in music scholarship (with 100 prominent music scholars forming the body of the Accademia) to music education (in its role as a conservatory) to performance (with an active choir and symphony orchestra).

It is in the city of Naples where the term “conservatorio” was strictly associated with a secular place for teaching and learning specializing in music education. In Naples, there were four conservatoires already active in the 17th and 18th century: "I poveri di Gesù Cristo", founded in 1599 by Marcello Fossataro and already including in their official record a “magister musicae” and “magister lyrae” in 1633 ; "Santa Maria di Loreto" where the composer Giovan Battista Pergolesi (1710–1736) studied; "La pietà dei turchini" was founded in 1583 and the earliest findings suggest musical activity around the year 1615; "Sant'Onofrio a porta Capuana", where the composer Giovanni Paisiello (1740–1816) studied and then thought, started teaching music in the mid-1600 and in the following decades will give more priority to the “opera buffa”; plus one only for girls called "dell'Annunziata"^[9] It is in these very institutions that the so called Scuola Musicale Napoletana was developed thanks to the work of musicians and educators like Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725) and Francesco Durante (1684–1755), who was also Pergolesi’s and Paisiello’s teacher.

It was the example set in Naples, where admission was by competitive examination and tuition was free, that was then copied, with modifications, in many European cities, including Paris (1795), Bologna (1804), Milan (1807), Florence and Prague (1811), Warsaw and Vienna (1821), London (1822), the Hague (1826), and Liege (1827). The second half of the 19th century saw the network expanding to the Americas, Rio de Janeiro (1847), Boston (1853), Baltimore and Chicago (1868), Havana (1885), and Buenos Aires (1893). Establishments for advanced training in music were organized in the 1940s in several Asian and African countries, including Iraq, Lebanon, and Kenya.^[8]

To this extent, projects like El Sistema are more in line with the tradition set in Italy (where tuition at conservatoires are still free) than English speaking country where there is a tendency to charge students with very little access to bursaries (see the Royal Academy of Music or the Royal College of Music in the UK).

Primary and secondary education[link]

Specialist music schools[link]

Musikgymnasium Schloss Belvedere is a specialist music school in Germany

Specialist music schools exist in many countries and whose purpose is to identify, and assist, children with exceptional potential, to benefit from world-class specialist training as part of a broad and balanced education, which will enable them, if they choose, to proceed towards self-sustaining careers in music.^[10] These schools may be formally^[11] or informally attached to a Conservatory. Entry is typically between the ages of ages 8 and 18 and admission is through competitive audition. Schools may be public or independent, where schools are independent pupils may be in receipt of governmental^[12] or private scholorships. Typically as students progress through the school the time spent on music increases and on academic subjects decrease. These schools usually wholly comprise of instrumentalists but may also include choristers. Some schools (like conservatories) are broader and may cover the performing arts; music, drama, dance.^[13]

Music schools within schools[link]

Many music schools are located within existing schools. The pattern is quite diverse and may include;

Specialist music units (Scotland) where students are drawn from an area wider than the host schools catchment. Students will receive specialist music tuition within the music school but are fully integrated within the host school for other lessons. Entry to the specialist music unit or school is by competitive audition, which also effectively gives entry to the host school.^[14]

Many public or independent schools contain music departments, some of which achieve high standards. These are sometimes referred to as Music schools. Music Colleges in England are schools that get additional private and governmental money to specialise in music. Entry is to the host school and musical ability is not a criteria.^[15] Schools which perform highly may specialise in an additional area for example sports or technology.

300 children attend the Royal College of Music's Junior Department

Pre-college divisions[link]

Many Conservatoires or other tertiary level institutions have pre-college divisions or junior departments for children of school age.^[16] Typically the curriculum may includes individual lesson(s), orchestra, chamber music, theory, musicianship, composition and music technology. Classes are usually held on a Saturday and children attend normal schools during the week.

Music schools outwith the general education system[link]

Non-governmental^[17] or Private Schools^[18] of Music offers music education outside the general education system for students aged 4 to 20 + years. In general, students attend these schools, weekend or evening. These schools are typically provided by individuals, charitable or commercial organizations.

Tertiary education[link]

Conservatoire[link]

The Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris (CNSMDP). Georges Bizet and Claude Debussy studied at the 'Conservatoire de Paris'

Jacobs School of Music, is part of Indiana University and has more than 1,600 students

A conservatoire of music may also be called a conservatory, conservatorium, academy or college. Some schools or conservatories are exclusively focused on music.^[19] Others have a wider focus, for example covering music, drama and dance.^[20] Conservatoires are suitable for students who wish to develop their performance, conducting, or composition to a professional standard. Typically, they offer a high percentage of practical training combined with academic study and professional development for those considering a career in the creative arts. Individual teaching is the strength of most components.

Students have the opportunity to perform, conduct or have their music played on a regular basis, both informally and in public. This may be solo or as part of an orchestra, ensemble or band. Typically, conservatoires focus on Western classical music. However, some schools focus on traditional instruments for example Chinese instruments.^[21] Others may have departments for traditional music which includes both traditional and classical instruments for example bagpipes alongside the fiddle.^[22] Alternatively, students can focus on jazz, world music or pop music.^[23]

The time required to complete music degrees is generally not much different from degrees in other fields, i.e. 3–4 years for a Bachelor of Music degree, 1–2 years for a Master of Music degree, and 3–5 years for a Doctor of Musical Arts or Doctor of Music Degree. A PhD degree can be gained for areas such as musicology, music theory, music composition, or music education. Some schools may offer a non-academic degree that is solely performance based, such as the (United States) A.D. or Artist Diploma; this may be offered at the undergraduate and/or graduate level.

University schools of music[link]

University music departments, originally placed more emphasis on academic study of music, rather than performance. However, today, the division may not be so rigid with many often placing greater emphasis on performance now than they did in the past. The specific balance of vocational training and academic study varyies from one institution to another, and from one country to another Some countries separately define their institutions between university status and vocational university status, whilst other countries do not define such a rigid division. In addition to offering degrees similar to those offered at Conservatoires, some universities offer non-professional music-related degrees such as a Bachelor of Arts in Music or a Bachelor of Arts in Music Education. A number of previously independent Conservatoires have become affiliated to Universities ^[24]

See also[link]

St Mary's Music School, Edinburgh, has 70 instrumentalists and choristors aged 9–18

Country specific pages

• Music schools in India
• Music schools in Germany
• Music schools in Scotland
• Music schools in Serbia
• Music schools in the United States

Lists

• List of colleges and university schools of music
• List of pre-college music schools

National and International Organisations

• Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music
• Conservatoires UK
• European Association of Conservatoires
• (United States) National Association of Schools of Music

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Music schools

1. ^ The origins of music Nils Lennart Wallin, Steven Brown, Björn Merker ISBN 0-262-73143-6 retrieved 9 November 2010
2. ^ Lee Krähenbühl: A Theatre Before the World: Performance History at the Intersection of Hebrew, Greek, and Roman Religious Processional retrieved 9 November 2010
3. ^ Original Catholic Encyclopedia: Sistine Choir retrieved 9 November 2010
4. ^ Wells Cathedral School retrieved 9 November 2010
5. ^ Harvard Dictionary of Music: St Martial school retrieved 9 November 2010
6. ^ Britannica Encyclopedia: Notre-Dame school retrieved 9 November 2010
7. ^ Britannica Encyclopedia Retrieved 16 November 2010
8. ^ ^{a b} The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979)
9. ^ A. Della Corte, G. M. Gatti, Dizionario di musica, Paravia, 1956.
10. ^ Chethams Music School retrieved 14 November 2010
11. ^ Sächsisches Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber retrieved 14 November 2010
12. ^ English Aided Pupil Scheme retrieved 14 November 2010
13. ^ Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts retrieved 14 November 2010
14. ^ Sgoil Chiùil na Gàidhealtachd retrieved 14 November 2010
15. ^ Guildford County School retrieved 14 November 2010
16. ^ Manhattan School of Music Pre-college Division retrieved 14 November 2010
17. ^ Musik Fröhlich retrieved 14 November 2010
18. ^ Yamaha Music Schools retrieved 14 November 2010
19. ^ Royal Academy of Music retrieved 9 November 2010
20. ^ Juilliard retrieved 9 November 2010
21. ^ China Conservatory retrieved 14 November 2010
22. ^ Royal Scottish Academy for Music and Drama retrieved 9 November 2010
23. ^ Conservatorium van Amsterdam retrieved 14 November 2010
24. ^ Peabody Institute Retrieved 15 November 2010

Trinity College may refer to:

Australia[link]

• Trinity College (University of Melbourne), part of the University of Melbourne, in Melbourne, Victoria
• Trinity College, Gawler, Adelaide, South Australia
• Trinity College, Perth, an independent, single-sex secondary school for boys in Western Australia
• Trinity Catholic College Lismore, a Catholic secondary school in New South Wales
• Trinity Lutheran College, Queensland
• Trinity, a residential college of the University of Western Australia

British Virgin Islands[link]

• Trinity College & University, former name of Bronte International University, Tortola

Canada[link]

• University of Trinity College, one of the constituent colleges of the University of Toronto, in Ontario
• Trinity College School, a boarding school in Port Hope, Ontario

Ethiopia[link]

• Theological College of the Holy Trinity

Hong Kong[link]

• Holy Trinity College, Hong Kong, a Catholic girls' secondary school

Ireland[link]

• Trinity College, Dublin, the sole constituent college of the University of Dublin

Italy[link]

• Trinity College, Rome Campus, an overseas residential programme of Trinity College, Hartford, U.S.

Philippines[link]

• Holy Trinity University, formerly known as Holy Trinity College, in Puerto Princesa City
• Trinity University of Asia, formerly known as Trinity College of Quezon City, a private Episcopalian university in Quezon City

Sri Lanka[link]

• Trinity College, Kandy, a secondary school in Kandy

Trinidad and Tobago[link]

• Trinity College, Moka, Maraval, an Anglican assisted secondary school

United Kingdom[link]

Trinity College is generally used as a term to refer to the colleges at one of the English ancient universities:

• Trinity College, Cambridge, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England
• Trinity College, Oxford, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England

It may also refer to:

• Trinity College, Bristol, Anglican seminary, Bristol, England
• Trinity College, Glasgow, the Church of Scotland College now part of the University of Glasgow in Scotland
• Trinity College Kirk, Edinburgh, also known as Trinity College Church, all that remains of a medieval collegiate foundation
• Trinity College London, an examination board headquartered in London
• Trinity College of Music, a music conservatory in Greenwich, Greater London
• Trinity Catholic School, Leamington Spa, England
• Trinity Hall, Cambridge, another college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England, that is close to, but separate from, Trinity College, Cambridge
• Trinity University College, formerly Trinity College, Carmarthen, a constituent college of the University of Wales
• Glenalmond College, formerly Trinity College, Glenalmond, Perthshire, Scotland
• Holy Trinity College Bromley, a former school in London
• Leeds Trinity University College, a Catholic institution in Horsforth, Yorkshire, an accredited college of the University of Leeds

United States[link]

• Trinity College (Connecticut), in Hartford, Connecticut
• Trinity College (Florida), a Bible college in New Port Richey, Florida
• Trinity College (Vermont), formerly a women's college in Burlington, Vermont
• Trinity Baptist College, a private college in Jacksonville, Florida
• Trinity Bible College, Ellendale, North Dakota
• Trinity Christian College, Palos Heights, Illinois
• Trinity College and Seminary, also known as Trinity College of the Bible and Theological Seminary, in Newburgh, Indiana
• Trinity International University, in Deerfield, Illinois
  • Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, TIU's graduate seminary
• Trinity Lutheran College (Washington), Seattle, Washington
• Trinity Washington University, known as Trinity College until 2004, a Catholic women's college in Washington, D.C.
• Duke University, known as Trinity College until 1924
  • Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke's undergraduate liberal arts constituent college

See also[link]

• Trinity Catholic College (disambiguation)
• Trinity High School (disambiguation)
• Trinity School (disambiguation)
• Trinity University (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles about schools, colleges, or other educational institutions which are associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Samuel Barber, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1944

Samuel Osborne Barber II (March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music. He is one of the most celebrated composers of the 20th century; music critic Donal Henahan stated that "Probably no other American composer has ever enjoyed such early, such persistent and such long-lasting acclaim."^[1] His Adagio for Strings (1936) has earned a permanent place in the concert repertory of orchestras. He was twice awarded the Pulitzer Prize for music, for his opera Vanessa (1956–57) and his Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1962). Also widely performed is his Knoxville: Summer of 1915 (1947), a work for soprano and orchestra, which sets a prose text by James Agee. Unusual among contemporary composers, nearly all of his compositions have been recorded.^[1]

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Boyhood home of Samuel Barber in West Chester, Pennsylvania