Roy Fielding speaking at OSCON08

Roy Thomas Fielding (born 1965) is an American computer scientist^[1], one of the principal authors of the HTTP specification, an authority on computer network architecture^[2] and co-founder of the Apache HTTP Server project.

Fielding was born in Laguna Beach, California. In 1999, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.^[3] He received a doctorate from the University of California, Irvine in 2000.

Contributions[link]

Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures, Fielding's doctoral dissertation, describes Representational State Transfer (REST) as a key architectural principle of the World Wide Web, and received a large amount of attention. People now frequently hold up REST as an approach to developing Web services^[4], as an alternative to other distributed-computing specifications such as SOAP. Fielding has also been heavily involved in the development of HTML and Uniform Resource Identifiers. Fielding was a co-founder of the Apache HTTP Server project^[5][6] and was a member of the interim OpenSolaris Boards until he resigned from the community in 2008, disappointed that Sun would not let the community influence development decisions.^[7] He was the chair of the Apache Software Foundation for its first three years and remains a member of its board of directors. Currently he works as a Principal Scientist at Adobe Systems in San Jose, California.^[8]

Waka protocol[link]

Between 2002 and 2006 Fielding worked on 'Waka, an application protocol intended as "a binary, token-based replacement for HTTP."^[9] It was "designed to match the efficiency of the REST architectural style."^[10] The waka protocol is named after a type of Maori canoe.

Waka was described in a 2002 ApacheCon presentation.^[10] As of August 2006, waka was "all done in my head, it's not on paper though. ... I'm almost to the point where I can make it an open project."^[9]

Some of waka's features include:^[10]

• New request semantics (new methods for monitoring and authoring resources)
• Self-descriptive (explicit type, scope, binding of response to request)
• Allow unsolicited responses
• Uniform syntax regardless of type and direction
• Extensible via URIs
• Client-side macros

Personal[link]

He describes himself as "...part Maori, Kiwi, Yank, Irish, Scottish, British, and California beach bum..."^[11][12][13]

See also[link]

• Day Software
• Representational State Transfer

References[link]

External links[link]

• Fielding's blog
• Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures, University of California, Irvine, 2000
• Day Software
• Roy Fielding on Twitter

This biographical article relating to a computer specialist in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Look up waka in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Waka may refer to:

• Waka, a genre of Japanese poetry
• Waka (canoe), canoes of the Māori of New Zealand
  • Waka taua, a Maori war canoe
• Waka music, a musical genre from Yorubaland of Nigeria

Places[link]

• Waka, Texas, a community in the Texas Panhandle
• El Perú (Maya site), also known as Waka', Maya ruins in Guatemala
• Waka National Park, a national park in central Gabon

Organizations or companies[link]

• World Adult Kickball Association
• WAKA, a CBS television station in Selma, Alabama

People[link]

• Waka Goi, a Papua New Guinea politician
• Waka Inoue (b.1980), a Japanese idol, tarento and actress
• Neil Waka, a New Zealand broadcaster and journalist
• Waka Flocka Flame, a rap artist

Other[link]

• Huaca or wak'a, in the Quechua language, a class of sacred objects
• Waka/Jawaka, a 1972 album by Frank Zappa
• Cyclone Waka, a severe tropical cyclone which formed to the northwest of Samoa on December 29, 2001
• A fictional character in the video game Ōkami
• Waka is a proposed pronunciation for angle brackets

See also[link]

• Waka waka (disambiguation)
• Waka huia - carved treasure box

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Look up protocol in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Protocol may refer to:

Society[link]

• Protocol, etiquette
• Protocol (diplomacy), the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state
• Protocol (politics), a formal agreement between nation states
• The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, an antisemitic tract
• Kyoto Protocol, a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
• Protocol I, an amendment to the Geneva Conventions
• Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, a United Nations convention on the status of refugees

The arts[link]

• Protocol (band), British band
• Protocol (film), a 1984 comedy film
• Protocol (album), the début album/EP from Simon Phillips

Science[link]

• Protocol (natural sciences), a predefined written procedural method of conducting experiments
• Clinical trial protocol, a document that plans a clinical trial
• Medical protocol, various meanings, most prominently including guidelines for medical treatment

Communications[link]

• Communications protocol, a set of rules & regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telecommunications and computer networking
• Cryptographic protocol, a protocol for encrypting messages
• Proprietary protocol, a telecommunications protocol that is patented
• Quantum cryptography protocol, a protocol for encrypting messages
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a set of rules for the design of an electronic mail system

Computer related[link]

• AAA protocol, a computer security protocol
• Protocol Buffers, a serialization format of computer software
• Protocol (object-oriented programming), a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other
• Routing protocol, a set of rules that determines how routers shall route communications
• URI scheme, often referred to as "protocol"

See also[link]

• Proto
• Lists of network protocols

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Lloyd Banks
Lloyd Banks on the set of the "Rider Pt. 2" video.
Background information
Also known as	The Boy Wonder, Blue Hefner, Punch Line King
Born	(1982-04-30) April 30, 1982 (age 30) New Carrollton, Maryland
Origin	South Jamaica, Queens, New York, USA
Genres	Hip hop
Occupations	Rapper
Years active	1999 – present
Labels	G-Unit (2003 – present) Interscope (2003–2009) EMI[1] (2010 – present)
Associated acts	G-Unit, Tony Yayo, 50 Cent, Eminem, Obie Trice, Mobb Deep
Website	www.lloydbanks.com

Christopher Charles Lloyd (born April 30, 1982),^[2] better known by his stage name Lloyd Banks, is a Multiracial American rapper and member of the rap group G-Unit. Raised in South Jamaica, Queens, he dropped out of high school in 1998. G-Unit released two albums, Beg for Mercy in 2003 and T.O.S. (Terminate on Sight) in 2008. Banks released his first solo album The Hunger for More in 2004 with the top ten hit single "On Fire". He followed with Rotten Apple in 2006 and left Interscope Records 2009. In 2010 G-Unit signed with EMI ^[3] to distribute Banks third studio album H.F.M. 2 (Hunger for More 2), which was released on November 22, 2010.^[4]

Early life[link]

Banks was born in New Carrollton, Maryland and raised in Queens, New York City; he is of mixed Puerto Rican and African American descent.^[5] His father spent most of Lloyd's childhood in prison,^[6] leaving his mother to raise him and his two siblings.^[7] Lloyd attended August Martin High School^[8] but dropped out at age 16.^[6] For his stage name, he took his great, great-grandfather's name Banks, which was passed on by his uncles who also shared it.^[5]

Career with G-Unit (1999-present)[link]

G-Unit was founded when childhood friends Lloyd Banks, 50 Cent, and Tony Yayo decided to make a group with each other.^[6] They met Young Buck when UTP group came to New York and 50 Cent heard Young Buck rapping. After 50 Cent signed his contract with Aftermath Entertainment they took Young Buck in the group and signed him. Tony Yayo, being an older and more experienced rapper, joined 50 Cent on the Nas Promo Tour, the Cash Money Tour and the Ruff Ryders Tour. As Banks remained at home waiting for 50 and Yayo to return, he started rappin around the neighborhood to further increase his buzz on the streets. He then hooked up with neighborhood producers and made tracks for local mixtapes. Lloyd Banks has a renowned reputation on the mixtape scene. While Banks was making Mixtapes,^[9]

50 Cent was soon granted his own record label by Dr. Dre and released the album Get Rich or Die Tryin'; Lloyd Banks was featured on the song "Don't Push Me", and the remixed version of "P.I.M.P". Soon after the group had established their own record label, G-Unit Records, G-Unit released their first official group album Beg for Mercy in November 2003, which went on to be certified double platinum.^[10]

During August 2005, Lloyd Banks, Young Buck, and their entourage were traveling in a van, when the vehicle was pulled over after passing through a red light in midtown Manhattan.^[11] Officers said they discovered a loaded handgun and another weapon in the van. Prosecutors asked a judge to dismiss the charges after an investigation determined that neither Lloyd Banks nor Young Buck was in possession of the weapons. Felony gun charges against Lloyd Banks and Young Buck were dropped on November 8, 2006.^[12]

In the early morning hours of January 9, 2010, in a Kitchener, Ontario hotel, an alleged altercation took place between Banks and a concert promoter over performance fees. Banks, and three of his associates, were later charged with forcible confinement, aggravated assault and robbery, and released on $50,000 bail.^[13]

Feud with The Game[link]

The most well known feud involving Lloyd Banks is the feud between him and The Game. It started publicly after The Game left G-Unit. Lloyd Banks speculates that The Game had jealous insecurities involving the attention he received after the success of his debut album The Hunger for More and Banks winning a lyricist title.^[14]

Solo career[link]

[edit] The Hunger for More (2004-2005)

Lloyd Banks released his solo debut album The Hunger for More in June 2004. The first single was the summer smash hit "On Fire" which featured 50 Cent, however he was uncredited. Banks explained the reasoning behind the album's title:

The album was a commercial success, receiving positive reviews. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard charts with 500,500 copies sold in the first week.^{[citation needed]} The album has since sold over 4 million copies and has been certified double platinum by the RIAA.^[16][17] During an interview, Lloyd Banks commented on his first week sales:

Two other singles were also released from The Hunger For More, "I'm So Fly" and "Karma", the latter was a hit reaching number 17 on the Hot 100, number 9 on the R&B charts and number 6 on the rap charts.

[edit] Rotten Apple (2006-2007)

The Big Withdraw was intended to be Lloyd Banks's second album. The album was leaked to the internet after Banks had a ménage à trois encounter with two women and left the CD album behind.^[18] The leaked version of the album contained 23 tracks.^[19]

During an interview, Lloyd Banks commented on the issue, he said:

It's truth to that rumor. That comes from me doing too much. I was just lost in my ways, fucked two women at one time. It's the little things you don't pay attention to. I had the CD in an actual DJ Whoo Kid mixtape cover. It was just a blank CD with just tracks. I got over 70, 80 tracks, so you can't get them all on one CD. So I might have had 14 tracks of the last two weeks or something like that. Next thing I know, [I] can't find the CD. I'm assuming it had to be from one of those situations when you got too much going on around you. Maybe I'mma just stick to one girl from now on. That's the only explanation that makes sense. Sticky fingers.^[18]

Lloyd Banks at the 2006 Monster Jam concert.

Due to the leak, Lloyd Banks began work on Rotten Apple. "Rotten Apple" is a play on New York City's nickname "The Big Apple". It was released on October 10, 2006. The album debuted at #3, selling 143,000 copies in its first week. Rotten Apple was not considered as a commercial success because his debut album sold a significantly higher number of copies in its first week. He has released three singles from Rotten Apple: "Hands Up", "The Cake", and "Help".^[20]

Departure from Interscope[link]

Banks was dropped from Interscope Records in 2009.^{[21] [22]} He is still signed to G-Unit Records, which will release his new album.^[22] Banks released a mixtape on his 27th birthday, which fell on April 30, 2009; it included the track "Officer Down" that dissed Rick Ross. Banks also released a mixtape in 2009 called V5.^[23][24]

The Hunger for More 2 and signing with EMI (2010-present)[link]

In late January 2010, it was announced that Banks would release a new song, "Beamer, Benz, or Bentley" featuring Juelz Santana, from his upcoming third studio album.^[25] "Beamer, Benz, or Bentley" charted at #49 on the Billboard Hot 100.^[26] In early June, Banks released the second single off the album The Hunger for More 2, called Any Girl and it featured R&B singer Lloyd. Later on November 2, 2010 he released the third single Start It Up featuring Swizz Beatz, Kanye West, Ryan Leslie & Fabolous. Lloyd released the fourth single off the album called, I Don't Deserve You and the song featured R&B singer Jeremih.

Lloyd Banks release info via his Twitter announcing that the title for his third album has tentatively been called 'The Hunger for More 2' and will attempt to take him back to his best work. However, the G-Unit label later stated that the title is not set in concrete and still may be altered. The title of the album was confirmed by 50 Cent as The Hunger for More 2 in an interview with MTV News.^[27] According to Banks, Interscope is trying to get him back due to the success of the single "Beamer, Benz, or Bentley",^[28] but failed when Lloyd Banks revealed that he had signed a deal with EMI.

After being dropped by Interscope Records in 2009, Lloyd Banks announced on Friday, August 13, 2010 on MTV News that EMI Label Services has signed a deal with 50 Cent’s label, G-Unit Records, in which EMI will distribute and promote releases on the G-Unit roster in North America including Lloyd Banks third album The Hunger for More 2.^[1]

Banks' had this to say about the deal,

Awards[link]

In 2004, Banks was awarded 2004's Mixtape artist of the Year at the Mixtape Awards. Lloyd Banks commented on this award in an interview with AOL Sessions:

When I won the mixtape artist of the year 2004, after that I didn’t want to get away from it because that right there is where I got my satisfaction, from the fans giving me that award. It wasn’t like an award show when you got some big fat guys in suits on the podium that never even heard my album giving me a rating or judging what I deserve... that's actually my most proudest trophy right now.^[29]

In 2005, "On Fire" was nominated for a Grammy award for Best Rap Solo Performance. In 2006, "Touch It [Remix]" was nominated for Hip-Hop Video of the Year, and won for Best Collaboration at the BET Awards. The award was shared by Banks and his collaborators, Busta Rhymes, Mary J. Blige, Rah Digga, Missy Elliott, Papoose, and DMX. In 2010 with the excitement surrounding the release of H.M.F. 2 (Hunger for More 2) and his return to Hip-Hop's spotlight Hip-Hop news website HipHopDX wrote that Banks had the "Comeback of the Year".^[30]

Discography[link]

• 2004: The Hunger for More
• 2006: Rotten Apple
• 2010: H.F.M. 2 (The Hunger for More)

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lloyd Banks

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Lloyd Banks

• Official website
• G-Unit UK
• Lloyd Banks at Allmusic
• Lloyd Banks at MTV
• Lloyd Banks at the Internet Movie Database

Hrithik Roshan
Hrithik Roshan at Mumbai Police Show Umang in 2011
Born	(1974-01-10) 10 January 1974 (age 38) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1980–1986 (child artist) 2000–present
Spouse	Suzanne Khan (2000 – present)
Children	2

Hrithik Roshan ([ˈrɪt̪ʰɪk ˈroːʃən]; born 10 January 1974)^[1] is an Indian film actor. Having appeared as a child actor in several films throughout the 1980s, Roshan made his film debut in a leading role in Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai in 2000. His performance in the film earned him Filmfare Awards for Best Actor and Best Male Debut. He followed it with leading roles in Fiza and Mission Kashmir (both 2000) and a supporting part in the blockbuster Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001), which was India's highest-grossing film in the overseas market up to then.^[2]

Following through with several unnoticed performances from 2002 to 2003, he starred in the blockbusters Koi... Mil Gaya (2003) and its sequel Krrish (2006), both of which won him numerous Best Actor awards.^[3] Roshan received his third Filmfare Award for Best Actor in 2006 for his performance in the action film Dhoom 2, his biggest commercial success to date, and his fourth for Jodhaa Akbar,^[4] for which he was also awarded at the Golden Minbar International Film Festival. These accomplishments have established him as one of the leading contemporary actors of Hindi cinema.^[5] He later received further acclaim for his work in Guzaarish (2010), Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) and Agneepath (2012).

Biography[link]

Early career, until 1999[link]

Roshan's first movie role was as a child artist when he was six years old in the 1980s movie Aasha, where he appeared in a dance sequence as an extra. Roshan went on to play minor roles in Aap Ke Deewane (1980) and Bhagwan Dada (1986) both of which starred his father Rakesh Roshan in the leading role. He then became an assistant director assisting in the production of his father's films Karan Arjun (1995) and Koyla (1997).

Breakthrough, 2000–2002[link]

In 2000, Roshan made his film debut as the leading man in the film Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai opposite another debutante actress Amisha Patel. The film, which was directed by his father and saw him playing a double role, proved to be very successful at the box office and was declared a blockbuster,^[6] it also became the highest grossing film of 2000^[7] and winner of the Filmfare Best Movie Award. Roshan's performance was well-received, and the film made him an overnight star.^[8][9][10] He eventually received both the Filmfare Best Male Debut Award and the Filmfare Best Actor Award for the role. The film entered the Limca Book of Records in 2003 for the most number of awards won by a Bollywood film – 102 awards.^[11]

Later that year, Roshan starred in Khalid Mohammed's Fiza. Although the film did poorly at the box office, his performance was praised, earning him another nomination for Best Actor at the Filmfare ceremony. Taran Adarsh from indiaFM noted, "The mainstay of the film is undoubtedly Hrithik Roshan. His body language, his diction, his expressions, his overall persona deserves great praise. With this film, Hrithik proves that there is more to him than just being a fashionable rage, a Mills & Boon lover-boy and a sex symbol. His talent comes to the fore in several scenes, especially those with Karisma. All said and done, the show belongs to Hrithik, who saves Fiza to a major extent. A brilliant performance undoubtedly!"^[12]

Roshan's last release of the year, Mission Kashmir, became the third highest grossing film of the year.^[7] His performance was once again acclaimed with one critic praising him, "Hrithik once again cuts a splendid performance as a youngster sucked in the vortex of terrorism. He is portrayed as anti-government in the early part of the film-- a bold role to play for even a seasoned actor, leave alone a budding superstar." All these achievements promoted him as one of the biggest stars in the industry.^[13]

Subhash Ghai's Yaadein was his first release in 2001. This was followed by Karan Johar's melodramatic Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, which did extremely well at the box office, becoming the second-highest grossing film of 2001 and the biggest hit overseas.^[14][15] Roshan's performance was well received and his performance earned him a nomination for Best Supporting Actor at various award ceremonies.

Roshan had an unsuccessful year in 2002 when all three of his releases – Mujhse Dosti Karoge!, Na Tum Jaano Na Hum and Aap Mujhe Achche Lagne Lage – failed to make an impact the box office and were declared flops.^[16]

Success, 2003–present[link]

In 2003, he made a comeback with the science-fiction film Koi... Mil Gaya, which saw him playing a mentally disabled young man.^[10] The film was the highest grosser of the year and won him many awards, including his second Filmfare Award for Best Actor and his first Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor.^[17] Taran Adarsh noted, "Hrithik Roshan dominates the show and packs in a power-packed performance. The role of a mentally challenged person is no cakewalk, but the actor takes to it like a fish takes to water. He manages to pull off the zero to hero routine exceptionally well. As an actor, he scales dizzier heights with this splendid performance."^[18] His performance was later included in the 2010 issue of the "Top 80 Iconic Performances" by Filmfare.^[19]

Hritik Roshan with his wax statue at Madame Tussauds

Farhan Akhtar's Lakshya was Roshan's only release in 2004; the film was critically acclaimed but did not do well at the box office.^[20] His performance was praised by critics.^[21] and again, was included in the 2010 issue of the "Top 80 Iconic Performances" by Filmfare.^[22]

Roshan took a two-year break from acting before resurfacing with the superhero film Krrish opposite Priyanka Chopra. A sequel to his 2003 film Koi... Mil Gaya, the film was a major box office success and became the second highest grosser of 2006.^[23] His performance as a superhero was praised, earning him many Best Actor awards at various award ceremonies, including Star Screen and the International Indian Film Academy.^[3] IndiaFM wrote, "To state that Hrithik is the soul of Krrish would be an understatement. If the actor walked away with all noteworthy awards in Koi... Mil Gaya, it's going to be an encore with Krrish. You cannot imagine any other actor enacting the role of a gifted child with aplomb. If his mask and robe look is splendid, watch his makeup, gait and mannerisms as the aged father and you had to agree, he's one of the finest talents on the Indian screen today. Krrish is yet another ground-breaking film in his dazzling repertoire!"^[24]

His next film that year was Dhoom 2, a sequel to the 2004 Dhoom. Featured opposite Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Roshan's performance in the movie not only earned him widespread critical acclaim,^[3][25] but also his third Filmfare Best Actor Award. The film went on to become the highest grossing film of 2006, as well as one of the most successful films of Bollywood.^[23][26]

In 2008, Roshan featured in Ashutosh Gowariker's Jodhaa Akbar opposite Aishwarya Rai Bachchan. He played the historical role of Akbar the Great. The movie did very good business, both in India and abroad.^[15][27] His performance in the movie was widely appreciated by critics,^[3] earning him his fourth Filmfare Best Actor Award as well as his first international award for Best Actor at the Golden Minbar International Film Festival in Kazan, Russia.^[4]

Roshan then appeared in Zoya Akhtar's Luck by Chance (2009), in which he made a guest appearance. The following year, he was seen in Anurag Basu's Kites along with Mexican actress Bárbara Mori and Kangna Ranaut. The film failed to do well at the box office after taking a huge start and was eventually declared a flop. He next acted in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Guzaarish opposite Aishwarya Rai. Upon release, the film received overwhelmingly positive reviews and Roshan's portrayal of Ethan Mascarenhas, a quadriplegic patient earned him several Best Actor nominations at various award ceremonies.

In July 2011, he appeared in Zoya Akhtar's Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara alongside Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar, Katrina Kaif, Kalki Koechlin. The film opened to positive reviews, and Roshan's portrayal was praised. According to Rajeev Masand, "Hrithik Roshan once again brings real depth to his character with a spectacular performance. He’s shy and restrained, then lets go with such fantastic intensity that you make the inward journey with his character".^[28] The film was declared as "super-hit" in both in India and Overseas.^[29] In the same year Roshan featured as a judge for the dance competition reality show, Just Dance along with Farah Khan and Vaibhavi Merchant.^[30][31] The show got the highest opening (a cumulative TRP of 4.7) for a reality show that year for which he was voted as the best TV host by a poll conducted by Ormax Media.^[32] In 2012, he then appeared in Agneepath in which he reprise the role of Vijay Deenanath Chauhan opposite Priyanka Chopra. The film has taken a historic opening and has broken all opening-day records.^[33]