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Demeter, enthroned and extending her hand in a benediction toward the kneeling Metaneira, who offers the triune wheat that is a recurring symbol of the mysteries (Varrese Painter, red-figure hydria, ca. 340 BC, from Apulia)

In ancient Greek religion and myth, Demeter (/diˈmiːtər/; Attic Δημήτηρ Dēmētēr. Doric Δαμάτηρ Dāmātēr) is the goddess of the harvest, who presided over grains and the fertility of the earth. Her cult titles include Sito (σίτος: wheat) as the giver of food or corn/grain^[1] and Thesmophoros (θεσμός, thesmos: divine order, unwritten law) as a mark of the civilized existence of agricultural society.^[2]

Though Demeter is often described simply as the goddess of the harvest, she presided also over the sanctity of marriage, the sacred law, and the cycle of life and death. She and her daughter Persephone were the central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries that predated the Olympian pantheon. In the Linear B Mycenean Greek tablets of circa 1400-1200 BC found at Pylos, the "two mistresses and the king" are identified with Demeter, Persephone and Poseidon.^[3] Her Roman equivalent is Ceres.

Etymology[link]

The earliest attested form of Demeter's name is Da-ma-te, written in Linear B (Mycenean Greek). Her character as mother-goddess is identified in the second element of her name meter (μήτηρ) derived from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (mother).^[4] In antiquity, different explanations were already proffered for the first element of her name. It is possible that Da (Δᾶ) (which became Attic De (Δῆ)), is the Doric form of Ge (γῆ), "earth"; the old name of the chthonic earth-goddess and Demeter is "Mother-Earth".^[5] This root also appears in the Linear B inscription E-ne-si-da-o-ne, "earth-shaker", as an aspect of the god Poseidon.^[6] However, the dā element is not so simply equated with "earth" according to John Chadwick.^[7]

The element De- may be connected with Deo, a surname of Demeter^[8] probably derived from the Cretan word dea (δηά), Ionic zeia (ζειά) meaning "barley", so that she is the Corn-Mother and the giver of food generally.^[9] Arcadian cult to Demeter links her to a male deity (Greek: Paredros), who accompanied the Great Goddess and has been interpreted as a possible substitution for Poseidon; Demeter may therefore be related to a Minoan Great Goddess.^[10]

An alternative, Proto-Indo-European etymology comes through Potnia and Despoina; where Des- represents a derivative of PIE *dem (house, dome), and Demeter is "mother of the house" (from PIE *dems-méh₂tēr).^[11]

Agricultural deity[link]

According to the Athenian rhetorician Isocrates, Demeter's greatest gifts to humankind were agriculture, particularly of cereals, and the Mysteries which give the initiate higher hopes in this life and the afterlife.^[12] These two gifts were intimately connected in Demeter's myths and mystery cults. In Homer's Odyssey she is the blond-haired goddess who separates the chaff from the grain.^[13] In Hesiod, prayers to Zeus-Chthonios (chthonic Zeus) and Demeter help the crops grow full and strong.^[14] Demeter's emblem is the poppy, a bright red flower that grows among the barley.^[15]

In Hesiod's Theogony, Demeter is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. At the marriage of Cadmus and Harmonia, Demeter lured Iasion away from the other revelers. They had intercourse in a ploughed furrow in Crete, and she gave birth to a son, Ploutos.^[16] Her daughter by Zeus was Persephone, Queen of the underworld.^[17]

Festivals and cults[link]

Demeter's two major festivals were sacred mysteries. Her Thesmophoria festival (October 11 - 13) was women-only.^[18] Her Eleusinian mysteries were open to initiates of any gender or social class. At the heart of both festivals were myths concerning Demeter as Mother and Persephone as her daughter.

Myths[link]

Demeter and Persephone[link]

Demeter's virgin daughter Persephone was abducted to the underworld by Hades. Demeter searched for her ceaselessly, preoccupied with her loss and her grief. The seasons halted; living things ceased their growth, then began to die.^[19] Faced with the extinction of all life on earth, Zeus sent his messenger Hermes to the underworld to bring Persephone back. Hades agreed to release her if she had eaten nothing while in his realm; but Persephone had eaten a small number of pomegranate seeds. This bound her to Hades and the underworld for certain months of every year, either the dry Mediterranean summer, whenplant life is threatened by drought,^[20] or the autumn and winter.^[21] There are several variations on the basic myth. In the Homeric hymn to Demeter, Hecate assists in the search and later becomes Persephone's underworld attendant.^[22] In another, Persephone willingly and secretly eats the pomegranate seeds, thinking to deceive Hades, but is discovered and made to stay. In all versions, Persephone's time in the underworld corresponds with the unfruitful seasons of the ancient Greek calendar, and her return to the upper world with springtime. Demeter's descent to retrieve Persephone from the underworld is connected to the Eleusinian Mysteries.

In Mycenaean Pylos, Demeter and Persephone were potniai (the mistresses). In classical Greece, they were invoked as tō theō ('the two Goddesses')^{[citation needed]} or despoinai ('the Mistresses').^[23]. The myth of the rape of Persephone seems to be pre-Greek. In the Greek version Ploutos (πλούτος, wealth) represents the wealth of the corn that was stored in underground silos or ceramic jars (pithoi). Similar subterranean pithoi were used in ancient times for funerary practices and Pluto is fused with Hades, the King of the underworld. During summer months the Greek Corn-Maiden (Kore) is lying in the corn of the underground silos, abducted by Hades (Pluto) as it is described in Theogony. Kore is fused with Persephone, the Queen of the underworld. At the beginning of the autumn, when the corn of the old crop is laid on the fields she ascends and is reunited with her mother Demeter, for at this time the old crop and the new meet each other.^[24]

According to the personal mythology of Robert Graves,^[25] Persephone is not only the younger self of Demeter,^[26] she is in turn also one of three guises of the Triple Goddess — Kore (the youngest, the maiden, signifying green young grain), Persephone (in the middle, the nymph, signifying the ripe grain waiting to be harvested), and Hecate (the eldest of the three, the crone, the harvested grain), which to a certain extent reduces the name and role of Demeter to that of groupname. Before her abduction, she is called Kore; and once taken she becomes Persephone ('she who brings destruction').^[27]

Demeter at Eleusis[link]

The Eleusinian trio: Persephone, Triptolemos and Demeter, on a marble bas-relief from Eleusis, 440–430 BC.

Demeter's search for her daughter Persephone took her to the palace of Celeus, the King of Eleusis in Attica. She assumed the form of an old woman, and asked him for shelter. He took her in, to nurse Demophon and Triptolemus, his sons by Metanira. To reward his kindness, she planned to make Demophon immortal; she secretly anointed the boy with ambrosia and laid him in the flames of the hearth, to gradually burn away his mortal self. But Metanira walked in, saw her son in the fire and screamed in fright. Demeter abandoned the attempt. Instead, she taught Triptolemus the secrets of agriculture, and he in turn taught them to any who wished to learn them. Thus, humanity learned how to plant, grow and harvest grain. The myth has several versions; some are linked to figures such as Eleusis, Rarus and Trochilus. The Demophon element may be based on an earlier folk tale.^[28]

Demeter and Poseidon[link]

Demeter and Poseidon's names are linked in the earliest scratched notes in Linear B found at Mycenaean Pylos, where they appear as DA-MA-TE and PO-SE-DA-O-NE in the context of sacralized lot-casting.^{[citation needed]}

In the myths of isolated Arcadia in southern Greece, Despoina (Persephone), is daughter of Demeter and Poseidon Hippios, Horse-Poseidon. These myths seem to be connected with the first Greek-speaking people who came from the north during the Bronze age. Poseidon represents the river spirit of the underworld and he appears as a horse as it often happens in northern-European folklore. He pursues the mare-Demeter and she bears one daughter who obviously originally had the form or the shape of a mare too. Demeter and Despoina were closely connected with springs and animals, related to Poseidon as a God of waters and especially with the mistress of the animals Artemis who was the first nymph.^[29]

Demeter as mare-goddess was pursued by Poseidon, and hid from him among the horses of King Onkios, but could not conceal her divinity. In the form of a stallion, Poseidon caught and covered her. Demeter was furious (erinys) at Poseidon's assault; in this furious form, she is known as Demeter Erinys. But she washed away her anger in the River Ladon, becoming Demeter Lousia, the "bathed Demeter".^[30] "In her alliance with Poseidon," Karl Kerenyi noted,^[31] "she was Earth, who bears plants and beasts, and could therefore assume the shape of an ear of corn or a mare."She bore a daughter Despoina (Δέσποινα: the "Mistress"), whose name should not be uttered outside the Arcadian Mysteries,^[32] and a horse named Arion, with a black mane and tail.

In Arcadia, Demeter's mare-form was worshiped into historical times. Her xoanon of Phigaleia shows how the local cult interpreted her: a Medusa type with a horse's head with snaky hair, holding a dove and a dolphin, probably representing her power over air and water.^[33]

The second mountain, Mt. Elaios, is about 30 stades from Phigaleia, and has a cave sacred to Demeter Melaine ["Black"]... the Phigalians say, they accounted the cave sacred to Demeter, and set up a wooden image in it. The image was made in the following fashion: it was seated on a rock, and was like a woman in all respects save the head. She had the head and hair of a horse, and serpents and other beasts grew out of her head. Her chiton reached right to her feet, and she held a dolphin in one hand, a dove in the other. Why they made the xoanon like this should be clear to any intelligent man who is versed in tradition. They say they named her Black because the goddess wore black clothing. However, they cannot remember who made this xoanon or how it caught fire; but when it was destroyed the Phigalians gave no new image to the goddess and largely neglected her festivals and sacrifices, until finally barrenness fell upon the land.

— Pausanias, Description of Greece 8.42.1ff.

Titles and functions[link]

Demeter's epithets show her many religious functions. She was the "Corn-Mother" who blesses the harvesters. Some cults interpreted her as "Mother-Earth". Demeter may be linked to goddess-cults of Minoan Crete, and embody aspects of a pre-Hellenic Great Goddess. Her other epithets include:

Triptolemus, Demeter and Persephone by the Triptolemos-painter, ca 470 BC., Louvre.

• Aganippe ("the Mare who destroys mercifully", "Night-Mare")

• Potnia ("mistress") in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. Hera especially, but also Artemis and Athena, are addressed as "potnia" as well.

• Despoina ("mistress of the house"), a Greek word similar to the Mycenean potnia. This title was also applied to Persephone, Aphrodite and Hecate.

• Thesmophoros ("giver of customs" or even "legislator"), a role that links her to the even more ancient goddess Themis,^[2] derived from thesmos, the unwritten law.^[34] This title was connected with the Thesmophoria, a festival of secret women-only rituals in Athens connected with marriage customs.

• Erinys ("implacable"),^[35] with a function similar with the function of the avenging Dike (Justice), goddess of moral justice based on custom rules who represents the divine retribution,^[36] and the Erinyes, female ancient chthonic deities of vengeance and implacable agents of retribution.

• Chloe ("the green shoot"),^[37] that invokes her powers of ever-returning fertility, as does Chthonia.

• Chthonia ("in the ground"), chthonic Demeter in Sparta.^[38]

Roman-era Demeter modeled after a Greek original from Eleusis

• Anesidora ("sending up gifts from the earth") applied to Demeter in Pausanias 1.31.4, also appears inscribed on an Attic ceramic a name for Pandora on her jar.^[39]

• Europa ("broad face or eyes") at Lebadaea of Boeotia. She was the nurse of Trophonios to whom a chthonic cult and oracle was dedicated.^[40] Europa was a Phoenecian princess who Zeus abducted, transformed in a white bull, and carried her to Creta.

• Kidaria in the mysteries of Pheneos in Arcadia ^[41] where the priest put on the mask of Demeter kept in a secret place. It seems that the cult was connected with the underworld and with an agrarian magic.^[42]

Demeter might also be invoked in the guises of:

• Malophoros ("apple-bearer" or "sheep-bearer", Pausanias 1.44.3)
• Lusia ("bathing", Pausanias 8.25.8)
• Thermasia ("warmth", Pausanias 2.34.6)
• Achaea, the name by which she was worshipped at Athens by the Gephyraeans who had emigrated from Boeotia.^[43][44]

• Poppy goddess:

Theocritus, wrote of an earlier role of Demeter as a poppy goddess:

For the Greeks Demeter was still a poppy goddess

Bearing sheaves and poppies in both hands. — Idyll vii.157

In a clay statuette from Gazi (Heraklion Museum, Kereny 1976 fig 15), the Minoan poppy goddess wears the seed capsules, sources of nourishment and narcosis, in her diadem. "It seems probable that the Great Mother Goddess, who bore the names Rhea and Demeter, brought the poppy with her from her Cretan cult to Eleusis, and it is certain that in the Cretan cult sphere, opium was prepared from poppies" (Kerenyi 1976, p 24).

Cult places[link]

Major cults to Demeter are known at Eleusis in Attica, Hermion (in Crete, Megara, Celeae, Lerna, Aegila, Munychia, Corinth, Delos, Priene, Akragas, Iasos, Pergamon, Selinus, Tegea, Thoricus, Dion (in Macedonia)^[45] Lykosoura, Mesembria, Enna (Sicily), and Samothrace.

Demeter of Mysia had a seven-day festival at Pellené in Arcadia.^[46] Pausanias passed the shrine to Demeter at Mysia on the road from Mycenae to Argos but all he could draw out to explain the archaic name was a myth of an eponymous Mysius who venerated Demeter.^{[citation needed]}

Consorts and children[link]

Ancient Greek religion Hellenismos

Features Hubris · Reciprocity · Virtue

Doctrines Mythology · Orthopraxy · Polytheism

Practices Amphidromia · Animal sacrifice · Iatromantis · Libations · Pharmakos · Temples · Votive Offerings

Deities Twelve Olympians: Aphrodite · Apollo · Ares · Artemis · Athena · Demeter · Dionysus · Hades · Hephaestus · Hera · Heracles · Hermes · Hestia · Poseidon · Zeus --- Primordial deities: Aether · Chaos · Cronus · Erebus · Gaia · Hemera · Nyx · Tartarus · Uranus --- Lesser gods: Eros · Hebe · Hecate · Helios · Herakles · Iris · Nike · Pan · Selene

Texts Argonautica · Bibliotheca · Corpus Hermeticum · Delphic Maxims · Homeric Hymns · Iliad · Odyssey · Orphic Hymns · Theogony · Works and Days

See also Decline of Hellenistic polytheism · Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism · Supreme Council of Ethnikoi Hellenes

Hellenismos portal

v t e

Portrayals[link]

• Demeter was usually portrayed on a chariot, and frequently associated with images of the harvest, including flowers, fruit, and grain. She was also sometimes pictured with her daughter Persephone.

• The Black Demeter, a sculpture made by Onatas.

• Demeter is not generally portrayed with a consort: the exception is Iasion, the youth of Crete who lay with Demeter in a thrice-ploughed field, and was sacrificed afterwards – by a jealous, and envious Zeus with a thunderbolt, Olympian mythography adds, but the Cretan site of the myth is a sign that the Hellenes knew this was an act of the ancient Demeter.^{[citation needed]}

See also[link]

	Hellenismos portal
	Greek mythology portal

• 1108 Demeter, a main belt asteroid 26 km in diameter, which was discovered in 1929 by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth at Heidelberg.
• Despoina
• Greek mythology in popular culture
• Isis and Osiris
• Poppy goddess
• Potnia

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Walter Burkert (1985) Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, 1985.
• Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire, D'Aulaire's Book of Greek Myths, 1962. An illustrated book of Greek myths retold for children.
• Jane Ellen Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, 1903
• Hesiod, Theogony, and Works and Days in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914.
• Karl Kerenyi, Eleusis: archetypal image of mother and daughter, 1967.
• Karl Kerenyi, Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life, 1976
• Martin P. Nilsson, Greek Popular Religion, 1940. Sacred-texts.com
• Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918.
• Carl Ruck and Danny Staples, The World of Classical Myth, 1994.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Demeter

• Hymn to Demeter, Ancient Greek and English text, Interlinear Translation edited & adapted from the 1914 prose translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, with Greek-English glossary, notes and illustrations.
• Foley P. Helene, The Homeric hymn to Demeter: translation, commentary, and interpretive essays, Princeton Univers. Press, 1994. with Ancient Greek text and English translation.
• Text of Homeric Hymn to Demeter
• Online book of Martin P. Nilsson, Greek Popular Religion
• "The Political Cosmology of the Homeric Hymn to Demeter"
• "The Sophian Prayer to Demeter"

Tim Armstrong
Background information
Birth name	Timothy Lockwood Armstrong
Also known as	Lint, Tim Timebomb
Born	(1965-11-25) November 25, 1965 (age 46) Berkeley, California, United States
Origin	Albany, California, U.S.
Genres	Punk rock, ska punk, street punk, hardcore punk
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, producer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, bass, drums, keyboards, synthesizer, harmonica
Years active	1980–present
Labels	Lookout!, Hellcat, Epitaph
Associated acts	Rancid, Devils Brigade, Transplants, Operation Ivy, Dance Hall Crashers, Downfall, Basic Radio, Shaken 69, Box Car Racer, The Silencers, The LJs, Generator, Danny Diablo
Website	www.ratsinthehallway.com[dead link]
Notable instruments
Hagström Viking Gretsch Country Club Gibson SG

Timothy Lockwood Armstrong (born November 25, 1965)^[1] is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known for his work with punk rock bands Rancid, Operation Ivy, Downfall, and the Transplants. He is also the owner and operator of Hellcat Records.

Personal life[link]

Armstrong was born November 25, 1965 and was raised primarily by his mother. At the age of five, he met Matt Freeman while playing Little League Baseball in Albany, California. Freeman and Armstrong formed a band many years later based on their shared love of bands such as The Clash and the Ramones. They both went to Albany Middle and High School. Armstrong married musician Brody Dalle in 1997, when she was only 18 and the couple divorced in 2003. Many of the lyrics on the album Indestructible deal with Armstrong's feelings about his divorce.

Music career[link]

Basic Radio[link]

Basic Radio was founded in 1985 and included Matt Freeman and Tim Armstrong. The band never released any albums or EPs, but recorded demos, and soon after its break-up, Operation Ivy was founded.

Operation Ivy[link]

In 1987, along with singer Jesse Michaels and drummer Dave Mello, Armstrong and Freeman formed the ska punk band Operation Ivy and enjoyed modest success before the group disbanded in 1989, the same night the album was released. The band would go on to achieve worldwide cult success in the years following its break-up.

Downfall[link]

Downfall was an aftershock of Operation Ivy. Armstrong, Freeman, and Mello were joined by Mello's brother Pat, and Jason Hammon. Pat and Jason would both play guitar, while Armstrong took up duties on vocals. They lasted three months (December 1989 to March 1990), playing only at a few parties and twice at Gilman St. They released one song on Maximumrocknroll's They Don't Get Paid, They Don't Get Laid, but Boy, Do They Work Hard! compilation, one song on David Hayes' Very Small World compilation, one song on Lookout! Records' Can of Pork compilation, and recorded a demo. It disbanded when Freeman joined MDC on bass while Armstrong was a roadie for the band, while Pat and Dave went on to form Schlong.

Rancid[link]

After the demise of Operation Ivy, Armstrong (being severely depressed) began to suffer from alcoholism, and eventually became homeless.^[2] During this time, Freeman suggested the two start a new band together, partially in hopes of curbing Armstrong's alcohol addiction. Armstrong began writing songs that would appear on their first album. Their new band, Rancid would eventually go on to become one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful punk rock bands of all time.

The Transplants[link]

In 1999, Armstrong invited roadie Rob Aston ("Skinhead Rob") to add lyrics to some solo material that Armstrong had been creating in his basement, and the two worked together writing and recording music. They formed the group Transplants with Travis Barker of Blink-182 and released their self-titled debut album on October 22, 2002. A second Transplants album, Haunted Cities, was released on June 21, 2005. The Transplants break-up was confirmed by Rob Aston on January 16, 2006, when he told a reporter that the group had split. However, Barker has recently announced that the trio is currently working on a new album. They played their first show since 2006 on Conan to promote the bands drummer, Travis Barker, new solo album by playing the song "Saturday Night" which is featured on Barker's solo album. It was announced in November 2011 on the Transplants official Facebook page that their new album would be "finished" in December 2011.

Other projects[link]

Armstrong co-wrote eight songs with Pink for her 2003 album Try This. He has also collaborated with Gwen Stefani on her debut album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. and has contributed guest vocals on songs for such bands as Bad Religion, Time Again, The Matches, Mest, Good Charlotte, Head Automatica, The Aggrolites and Box Car Racer. He and Matt Freeman also play in a psychobilly band called Devils Brigade. In 2007, he released his first solo album entitled A Poet's Life with The Aggrolites as his backing band. The track from that album "Into Action" was reported as the number one most played and requested in 2007 on then XM Satellite Radio channel Fungus 53.^[3] It was announced on August 12, 2011 that Tim Armstrong was working on an album with reggae artist Jimmy Cliff.^[4] Their first single, a cover of The Clash song "The Guns of Brixton", was released on October 4, 2011. Sacred Fire EP was released late November 2011 and they are planning to release a full length album in 2012.

Armstrong in Nashville, TN on 6/27/2008

Hellcat Records[link]

Armstrong started Hellcat Records in 1997 as a sub-label of Epitaph, owned by Armstrong's friend and Bad Religion member Brett Gurewitz. Armstrong acts as a talent scout for Hellcat, and has final say concerning what groups are signed to the label. Armstrong also owns the merchandise manufacturer Machete Mfg,^[5] which provides merchandise for bands on Hellcat Records.

Signature model guitar[link]

In 2010, Gretsch Guitars introduced the G5191BK Tim Armstrong Electromatic guitar. The single cutaway hollowbody electric guitar featured a 17" wide body in a flat-black urethane finish, parallel tone bars and sound post, two “Black Top” Filter'Tron pickups, Grover tuners, big block fretboard inlays, a harp tailpiece and gold-plated hardware. Gretsch advertising for the model prominently features Armstrong with the guitar.^[6] It is based on his 1970's-era Gretsch Country Club model which he spray-painted black and flipped to accommodate his left-handed playing.^[7] The signature model is available in both right and left-handed models. Fender also put out a signature acoustic model based on Tim's favorite 60's era Fender acoustic guitar. The "Hellcat" has hellcat inlays in the 3 5 and 7th fret positions and two skulls in the 12th fret. It is outfitted with a tortoise shell pick guard and Fishman brand electronics. It is available in right and left handed models.

Discography[link]

Operation Ivy[link]

Guitar and backing vocals. Credited as "Lint".

• Hectic (1988)
• Energy (1989)
• Plea for Peace (1992)
• '69 Newport (1993)

Downfall[link]

• Can of Pork - "North Berkeley"
• Very Small World - "New Regulations"
• They Don't Get Paid, They Don't Get Laid, But Boy Do They Work Hard! - "Long Way to Go"
• Later That Same Year - "My City"

Special Forces[link]

Bass Guitar. Credited as "Lint".

• Red White and Blue (Special Forces Single) (1991)

Rancid[link]

Guitar and vocals.

• Rancid (1993)
• Let's Go (1994)
• ...And Out Come the Wolves (1995)
• Life Won't Wait (1998)
• Rancid (2000)
• Indestructible (2003)
• Let the Dominoes Fall (2009)

Bad Religion[link]

• Stranger Than Fiction (1994) - guest vocals on "Television"

Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards[link]

• Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards (2001) - guitar, backing vocals
• Viking (2004) - vocals on "My Life to Live"

Transplants[link]

Guitar and vocals.

• Transplants (2002)
• Haunted Cities (2005)

Travis Barker[link]

• Give The Drummer Some (2011) - "Saturday Night"

Solo albums[link]

Guitar and vocals.

• A Poet's Life (2007)
• "Tim Timebomb Sings Songs From Rock N Roll Theater" (2012)

Devils Brigade[link]

Guitar and backing vocals.

• Stalingrad/Psychos All Around Me (2003)
• Vampire Girl (2005)
• Devils Brigade (2010) - Lead vocals on "Bridge of Gold" and "Gentlemen of the Road".

Jimmy Cliff[link]

Guitar and Production

• Sacred Fire EP (2011)

Produced albums[link]

• Answer That and Stay Fashionable (1995) by AFI
• East los Presents (1997) by Union 13
• At Ease (1997) by The Gadjits
• F-Minus (2000) by F-Minus
• Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards (2001) by Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards
• Try This (2003) by Pink
• Viking (2004) by Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards
• The Stories Are True (2006) by Time Again
• Decomposer (2006) by The Matches
• Live Freaky! Die Freaky! (2006) by John Roecker
• Sound Soldier (2007) by Skye Sweetnam

Filmography[link]

• Larry Is Dead (1995) director, actor, producer
• Live Freaky! Die Freaky! (2003) producer, narrator
• The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things (2004) acting
• Give 'Em the Boot (2005) producer
• Punk's Not Dead (2007) producer
• "Rock N Roll Theater" (2011) Actor, Producer, Writer

References[link]

External links[link]

• Rancid official website
• Journey to the End: The TIM ARMSTRONG Fanlisting

Stephen Demeter (born January 27, 1935 in Homer City, Pennsylvania) is a former United States Major League Baseball third baseman who played for two seasons.

Demeter played for the Detroit Tigers in 1959. Prior to the 1960 season he was traded to the Cleveland Indians for Norm Cash. The trade turned out to be one of the most lop-sided trades in major league baseball history, as Demeter played only four games for the Indians before being returned to the minor leagues, from which he never returned. Cash went on to win the 1961 AL batting championship and was one of the top sluggers of the 1960s, hitting 377 career home runes.

Demeter was a fixture of the Rochester Red Wings teams of the mid-1960s, hitting 272 minor league home runs, and has been inducted into the International League Hall of Fame.

External links[link]

• Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference

This biographical article relating to an American baseball third baseman is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Scott Whyte (born January 8, 1978, in Manhattan Beach, California) is an American actor who is best known for his role on City Guys where he portrayed Chris, one of the main characters. He has also appeared in other TV series, such as That '70s Show, and Just Shoot Me!, as well as appearing in the films D2: The Mighty Ducks and its sequel, D3, although as different characters.

Whyte has spent his entire life living in the South Bay of California. Whyte, always interested in the arts, has been leaping from one form to the other, having spent time in animation along with playing music, all while maintaining an acting career. Whyte also attended the University of Southern California briefly until he landed a starring role on NBC’s City Guys. Whyte made his film debut in the Mel Gibson/Kurt Russell feature Tequila Sunrise. At age ten, after watching Raiders of the Lost Ark, Whyte figured he could become the next Indiana Jones. But after breaking his wrist swinging from a tree, he set his sights on the goal of becoming an actor, so that he "could do all those fun things and not get hurt." He landed his first part at the age of 13, appearing in a commercial for Pop Tarts, and later appeared in the television series That '70s Show, Just Shoot Me!, The Nanny, Full House, Locals and TNBC's Hang Time, along with hosting the television series Chicken Soup for the Soul, based on the best selling books. His recent films include Reeker, The Fallen Ones, Voodoo Moon, All In, and Death Row.

External links[link]

• Scott Whyte at the Internet Movie Database