Jebel Uweinat

Wednesday, 02 January 2013

Trekking a Djebel Uweinat Parte Prima (Libia 2006)

Lybien, ‏ليبيا‎ - Adventure in the Libyan Desert

Trekking a Djebel Uweinat Parte Seconda (Libia 2006)

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Afar Triangle
Coordinates: 11°30′N 41°00′E / 11.5°N 41.0°E / 11.5; 41.0
The Afar Triangle (also called the Afar Depression or the Danakil Depression) is a geological depression that is caused by the Afar Triple Junction which is part of the Great Rift Valley. It overlaps Eritrea, Djibouti and the entire Afar Region of Ethiopia. The Afar Triangle includes the Danakil Depression and the lowest point in Africa, Lake Asal (155 metres / 509 feet below sea level). Only the Awash River flows into the area, where it ends in a chain of lakes that increase in salinity. Dallol is also part of the depression, one of the hottest places year-round anywhere on Earth. The climate varies from around 25 °C (77 °F) during the rainy season (September–March) to 48 °C (118 °F) during the dry season (March–September).
Afar is well known as one of the cradles of hominids, containing the Middle Awash, site of many fossil hominid discoveries such as Ardi, (Ardipithecus ramidus); the Gona (Gawis cranium), site of the world's oldest stone tools; and Hadar, site of Lucy, the fossilized specimen of Australopithecus afarensis.

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Cameroon line
The Cameroon line is a 1,000 km (620 mi) chain of volcanoes. It includes islands in the Gulf of Guinea and mountains that extend along the border region of eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, from Mount Cameroon on the Gulf of Guinea north and east towards Lake Chad. The islands, which span the equator, have tropical climates and are home to many unique plant and bird species. The mainland mountain regions are much cooler than the surrounding lowlands, and also contain unique and ecologically important environments.
The Cameroon volcanic line is geologically unusual in extending through both the ocean and the continental crust. Various theories have been advanced by different geologists to explain the line.
In the Gulf of Guinea, the Cameroon line consists of six offshore volcanic swells that have formed islands or seamounts. From the southwest to the northeast the island groups are Pagalu (or Annobón), São Tomé, Príncipe and Bioko. Two large seamounts lie between São Tomé and Príncipe, and between Principe and Bioko. On the mainland, the line starts with Mount Cameroon and extends northeast in a range known as the Western High Plateau, home to the Cameroonian Highlands forests. Volcanic swells further inland are Manengouba, Bamboutu and the Oku Massif. East of Oku there are further volcanic mountains in the Ngaoundere Plateau, some of which appear to have similar origins.

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Chad Basin
The Chad Basin, or the Lake Chad Basin, is a large lowland area of central Africa. It is endorheic, as none of its water flows into an ocean. It has a long history of human settlement and, for a long time, was an important crossroads for trans-Saharan trade. Early civilizations of the Chad Basin include the Garamantes, which existed during the Roman Empire, and the 6th century Sao civilization.
The most significant feature inside the basin is Lake Chad, which has been known outside Africa since the Middle Ages. The region has played an important role in the development of cultures and history in northern and central Africa and it has recently become a rich and promising area of research for social scientists. In 17th century maps, the lake was designated as Borno Lake and was a mystery to Western scientists. Heinrich Barth explored the area in the middle of the 19th century and was the first to report the existence of rock art in the northern mountainous areas of the basin. He was the first Western scientist to find a wet paleoclimate in the Sahara desert.

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Egypt
Egypt ⁱ/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.

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Ethiopian Highlands
The Ethiopian Highlands are a rugged mass of mountains in Ethiopia, Eritrea (which is sometimes referred to as the Eritrean Highlands), and northern Somalia in the Horn of Africa. The Ethiopian Highlands form the largest continuous area of its altitude in the whole continent, with little of its surface falling below 1500 m (4,921 ft), while the summits reach heights of up to 4550 m (14,928 ft). It is sometimes called the Roof of Africa for its height and large area.
The Highlands are divided into northwestern and southeastern portions by the Main Ethiopian Rift, which contains a number of salt lakes. The northwestern portion, which covers the Tigray and Amhara Regions, includes the Semien Mountains, part of which has been designated a national park. Its highest peak, Ras Dashan (4550 m), is the highest peak in Ethiopia. Lake Tana, the source of the Blue Nile, also lies in the northwestern portion of the Ethiopian Highlands.
The southeastern portion's highest peaks are located in the Bale Zone of Ethiopia's Oromia Region. The Bale Mountains, also designated a national park, are nearly as high those of Semien, with peaks over 4000 m, such as Tullu Demtu (4337 m and the second-highest peak in Ethiopia) and Batu (4307 m).

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Imatong Mountains
The Imatong Mountains (also Immatong, or rarely Matonge) are located in the southeast of South Sudan in the state of Eastern Equatoria, and extend into Uganda. Mount Kinyeti is the highest mountain of the range at 3,187 metres (10,456 ft), and the highest in the whole of South Sudan. The range has an equatorial climate and had dense montane forests supporting diverse wildlife. In recent years the rich ecology has been severely degraded by forest clearance and subsistence farming, leading to extensive erosion of the steep slopes.
The Imatong massif lies mainly within Torit County (western part) and Ikotos County (eastern part). It is located some 190 kilometres (120 mi) southeast of Juba and south of the main road from Torit to the Kenyan border town of Lokichoggio. The mountains rise steeply from the surrounding plains, which slope gradually down from about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) on the South Sudan-Uganda border in the south to 600 metres (2,000 ft) at Torit in the north. These plains are crossed by many streams, separated by low, rounded ridges, and dotted with small gneiss hills, outliers of the main mountain range.

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Jabal Arkanu
Jabal Arkanu (also Jebel Arkenu, Gebel Árchenu) is a mountain (height 1435 m., about 500 m. above the surrounding Gilf Kebir plateau) and a valley-oasis placed in the Libyan Desert in the Kufra District of Libya, about 300 km southeast of El Tag. Arkanu's existence was known since 1892 through Arab sources, but the mountain has been explored for the first time in 1923 by Ahmed Hassanein. The mountain consists of intrusive granite. The valley is 15 km long and oriented in east-west. The vegetation consists on bushes, grass and some tree. Arkanu is used as a pasture. Each year the Bedouins bring their herds in the valley, block the entrance (placed at an height of 598 m.) with rocks, and come back three months later to pick up the cattle.
In the desert about 70 km west of Arkanu lie the two Arkanu impact craters.

Coordinates: 22°12′32″N 24°44′15″E / 22.20889°N 24.7375°E / 22.20889; 24.7375

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Jebel Uweinat
Jebel Uweinat (1,934 m; جبل العوينات gabal al-ʿuwaināt "mountain of sourcelets"; also spelled Jabal, Djebel Al Awaynat, Auenat, Ouenat, Ouinat, Owainat, Oweinat, Uwaynat, Uweinat, Uwenat, Uweynat etc.) is a mountain range in the area of the Egyptian-Libyan-Sudanese border. The mountain lies about 40 km S-SE of Jabal Arkanu. The main spring called Ain Dua lies at the foot of the mountain, on the Libyan side. The W foot (located at 21°52′29″N 24°54′16″E / 21.87472°N 24.90444°E / 21.87472; 24.90444 according to Hassanein) is 618 m high, and overcast with giant boulders fallen because of erosion. In general, the W slope constitutes an oasis, with wells, bushes and grass. The area is notable for its prehistoric petroglyphs first reported by the Egyptian explorer Ahmed Pasha Hassanein--the discoverer of Uweinat, who in 1923 traversed the first 40 km of the mountain towards E, without reaching the end. . Engraved in Sandstone, petroglyphs of Bushmen style are visible, representing lions, giraffes, ostrichs, gazelles, cows and little human figures.

wn.com/Jebel_Uweinat
Libya
Libya (Arabic: ‏ليبيا‎ Lībyā), Berber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the third largest country in Africa by area, and the 17th largest in the world. The largest city, Tripoli, is home to 1.7 million of Libya's 6.4 million people. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica.
In 2009 Libya had the highest HDI in Africa and the fourth highest GDP (PPP) per capita in Africa, behind Seychelles, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world and the 17th-highest petroleum production.
As a result of the Libyan civil war, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which had at that time been in existence for 34 years, collapsed and Libya entered a period of governance by a transitional administration called the National Transitional Council. The NTC has stated its intention to oversee the first phase of a transition to constitutional democracy, after which it claims it will dissolve in favor of a representative legislature.

wn.com/Libya
Mitumba Mountains
The Mitumba Mountain range stretches along the Western Rift Valley in Burundi and Eastern Congo (DRC), west of lake Tanganyika. The two main peaks, Mount Kahuzi (3,308m) and Mount Biéga (2,790m) are extinct volcanoes.
Coordinates: 8°59′11″S 26°55′29″E / 8.986475°S 26.9247638889°E / -8.986475; 26.9247638889

wn.com/Mitumba_Mountains
Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains (also referred to as the Nuba Hills) is an area located in South Kordofan, Sudan. The area is home to a group of indigenous ethnic groups known collectively as the Nuba peoples. In the 18th century, Nuba Mountains became home to the kingdom of Taqali that controlled the hills of the mountains until their defeat by Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad. After the Mahdi's defeat by the British, Taqali was restored as a client state. Infiltration of the Messiria tribe of Baggara Arabs has been influential in modern conflicts.
The mountains cover an area roughly 40 miles (64 km) wide by 90 miles (140 km) long, and are 1,500 to 3,000 feet (910 m) higher in elevation than the surrounding plain. The mountains stretch for some 48,000 square kilometres (19,000 square miles). The climate is semi-arid with under 800 mm of rain per year on average, but lush and green compared with most nearby areas. There are almost no roads in the Nuba Mountains; most villages there are connected by ancient paths that cannot be reached by motor vehicles. The rainy season extends from mid-May to mid-October, and annual rainfall ranges from 400 to 800 millimetres (16.4 to 32.8 in), allowing grazing and seasonal rain-fed agriculture.

wn.com/Nuba_Mountains
Sudan
Sudan (ⁱ/suːˈdæn/ or /suːˈdɑːn/;Arabic: السودان‎, as-Sūdān), officially the Republic of the Sudan (Arabic: جمهورية السودان‎, Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān), sometimes called North Sudan, is an Arab state in North Africa (sometimes also considered to be part of the Middle East). It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. The population of Sudan is a combination of indigenous inhabitants of Nile Valley, and descendants of migrants from the Arabian Peninsula. Due to the process of Arabisation common throughout the rest of the Arab World, today Arab culture predominates in Sudan. The majority of the population of Sudan adheres to Islam. The Nile divides the country between east and west sides.
The people of Sudan have a long history extending from antiquity which is intertwined with the history of Egypt. Sudan suffered seventeen years of civil war during the First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972) followed by ethnic, religious and economic conflicts between the Muslim Arab northern Sudanese and the mostly animist and Christian Nilotes of Southern Sudan. This led to the Second Sudanese Civil War in 1983. Because of continuing political and military struggles, Sudan was seized in a bloodless coup d'état by colonel Omar al-Bashir in 1989, who thereafter proclaimed himself President of Sudan. The civil war ended with the signing of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement which granted autonomy to what was then the southern region of the country. Following a referendum held in January 2011, South Sudan seceded on 9 July 2011 with the consent of Sudan's President al-Bashir.

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Tibesti Mountains
The Tibesti Mountains are a range of inactive volcanoes located on the northern edge of the Chad Basin in the Borkou- and Tibesti Region of northern Chad. The massif is one of the most prominent features of the Central-Sahara desert and covers an area of approximately 100,000 km² (39,000 sq mi). The northern slopes extend into southern Libya. It is one of the most isolated areas on Earth and the people called the Tibesti the mountains of hunger, as they can only feed a few people.^{[citation needed]} The biggest city is Bardaï, with only 1,500 residents. The region is a settlement area of the Tubu people and in periods of drought in the lowlands the nomadic Tuareg visit this area.^{[citation needed]}
The mountains are the largest and highest range in the Central Sahara, formed by a volcanic group. Most are inactive volcanoes, but the Smithsonian Institution lists four potentially active volcanos. The toponymy of the Tibesti massif is derived from the Arabic and Teda-daza languages of the Toubou people and is used throughout the region. The term ehi refers to peaks, rocky hills, emi to larger mountains or mountainous regions; ehra to calderas. The term Tarso designates a high plateau or gently-sloping mountainsides; for example the Ehi Mosgau is a 3,100 m (10,200 ft) Stratovolcano with a small summit area, near Tarso Voon. The Ehra Kohor is a caldera on the Emi Koussi summit.

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Wadi
Wadi (Arabic: وادي‎ wādī; also: Vadi) is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a valley. In some cases, it may refer to a dry (ephemeral) riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain or simply an intermittent stream.
In North Africa the transcription Oued, pronounced as Wad, is used. The term kouri is used in Hausa speaking and surrounding areas of West Africa. The Hebrew term nahal (נחל) and Hindi/Urdu term "Nala" is synonymous in meaning and usage.
Some names of Spanish locations are derived from Andalusian Arabic toponyms where wādī was used to mean a permanent river, for example: Guadalcanal, Guadalajara from wādī al-hidjārah = "river of stones", or Guadalquivir from al-wādī al-kabīr = "the great river". Seasonal streams, frequent in south-east Spain, are called rambla instead.
The term wādī is very widely found in Arabic toponyms.
Modern English usage differentiates a wadi from another canyon or wash by the action and prevalence of water. Wadis, as drainage courses, are formed by water, but are distinguished from river valleys or gullies in that surface water is intermittent or ephemeral. Wadis, cut by stream in a desert environment, generally are dry year round except after a rain. The desert environment is characterized by a sudden but infrequent heavy rainfall often resulting in flash floods. Crossing wadis at certain times of the year can be dangerous because of unexpected flash floods. Such flash floods cause several deaths each year in North America and many Middle Eastern countries.

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Ahmed Hassanein
Ahmed Hassanein Pasha, KCVO, MBE (Arabic: أحمد حسنين باشا‎) (31 October 1889 – 19 February 1946) or Aḥmad Moḥammad Makhlūf Ḥasanēn al-Būlākī (Arabic: أحمد محمد مخلوف حسنين البولاقى‎) was an Oxford-educated Egyptian courtier, diplomat, Olympic athlete in fencing, photographer, writer, politician, explorer and tutor to King Farouk.
Ahmed Hassanein was one of the most influential figures in Egyptian politics as the Chief of the Diwan and Chamberlain to Farouk, the king of Egypt from 1936 to 1952.
Son of an Al Azhar professor, he was a grandson of the last Admiral of the Egyptian fleet before it was dismantled under British occupation in 1882.
King Fuad I, father of Farouk, chose Ahmed to tutor the Crown Prince during the Prince's studies as a teenager in London. While Fuad spoke Turkish as his mother-tongue and was not therefore able to eloquently address his own nation, Farouk, under the supervision of Ahmed Pasha Hassanein, learned to speak Arabic well and developed a strong sense of nationalism.

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Bushmen
The indigenous people of Southern Africa, whose territory spans most areas of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola, are variously referred to as Bushmen, San, Sho, Barwa, Kung, or Khwe. The word Bushmen is sometimes associated with a negative meaning & they prefer to be called the San people. These people were traditionally hunter-gatherers, part of the Khoisan group and are related to the traditionally pastoral Khoikhoi. Starting in the 1950s, and lasting through the 1990s, they switched to farming as a result of government-mandated modernization programs as well as the increased risks of a hunting and gathering lifestyle in the face of technological development. There is a significant linguistic difference between the northern Bushmen living between Okavango (Botswana) and Etosha (Namibia), extending into southern Angola on the one hand and the southern group in the central Kalahari towards the Molopo, who are the last remnant of the extensive autochthonous San of South Africa.

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Leo Frobenius
Leo Viktor Frobenius (29 June 1873 - 9 August 1938) was an ethnologist and archaeologist and a major figure in German ethnography.
He was born in Berlin as the son of a Prussian officer and died in Biganzolo, Lago Maggiore, Piedmont, Italy. He undertook his first expedition to Africa in 1904 to the Kasai district in Congo, formulating the African Atlantis theory during his travels. Until 1918 he travelled in the western and central Sudan, and in northern and northeastern Africa. In 1920 he founded the Institute for Cultural Morphology in Munich. In 1932 he became honorary professor at the University of Frankfurt, and in 1935 director of the municipal ethnographic museum.
In 1897/1898 Frobenius defined several "culture areas" (Kulturkreise), cultures showing similar traits that have been spread by diffusion or invasion. With his term paideuma, Frobenius wanted to describe a gestalt, a manner of creating meaning (Sinnstiftung), that was typical of certain economic structures. Thus, the Frankfurt cultural morphologists tried to reconstruct "the" world-view of hunters, early planters, and megalith-builders or sacred kings. This concept of culture as a living organism was influenced by the theories of Oswald Spengler.

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László Almásy
László Ede Almásy de Zsadány et Törökszentmiklós (22 August 1895 – 22 March 1951) was a Hungarian aristocrat, motorist, desert researcher, aviator, Scout-leader and soldier who also served as the basis for the protagonist in Michael Ondaatje's 1992 novel The English Patient and the movie based on it.
Almásy was born in Borostyánkő, Austria-Hungary (today Bernstein im Burgenland, Austria), into a Hungarian noble family (his father was the zoologist and ethnographer György Almásy), and, from 1911 to 1914, was educated at Berrow School, situated in a private house in Eastbourne, United Kingdom where he was tutored by Daniel Wheeler.
During World War I, Almásy joined the 11th Regiment of Hussars along with his brother Janos. Almásy saw action against the Serbians, and then the Russians on the Eastern Front. In 1916, he transferred to the Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops. After being shot down over Northern Italy in March 1918, Almásy saw out the remainder of the war as a flight instructor.

wn.com/László_Almásy
Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains (also referred to as the Nuba Hills) is an area located in South Kordofan, Sudan. The area is home to a group of indigenous ethnic groups known collectively as the Nuba peoples. In the 18th century, Nuba Mountains became home to the kingdom of Taqali that controlled the hills of the mountains until their defeat by Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad. After the Mahdi's defeat by the British, Taqali was restored as a client state. Infiltration of the Messiria tribe of Baggara Arabs has been influential in modern conflicts.
The mountains cover an area roughly 40 miles (64 km) wide by 90 miles (140 km) long, and are 1,500 to 3,000 feet (910 m) higher in elevation than the surrounding plain. The mountains stretch for some 48,000 square kilometres (19,000 square miles). The climate is semi-arid with under 800 mm of rain per year on average, but lush and green compared with most nearby areas. There are almost no roads in the Nuba Mountains; most villages there are connected by ancient paths that cannot be reached by motor vehicles. The rainy season extends from mid-May to mid-October, and annual rainfall ranges from 400 to 800 millimetres (16.4 to 32.8 in), allowing grazing and seasonal rain-fed agriculture.

wn.com/Nuba_Mountains
Pat Clayton
Patrick Andrew Clayton DSO MBE (16 April 1896 – 17 March 1962 ) was a British surveyor and soldier. He was the basis for the character of Peter Madox in The English Patient.
Clayton spent nearly 20 years with the Egyptian Survey department during the 1920s and 1930s extensively mapping large areas of previously unmapped desert. In 1931, Clayton was running triangulation from Wadi Halfa to Uweinat when he came across refugees fleeing from the Italian occupation of Kufra, via Uweinat and helped save many from death in the arid desert. Clayton had collaboratad extensively with Ralph Bagnold in the preparation and mapping associated with Bagnold's pre-war exploration trips. He served in the British Army's Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) during World War II.
At the start of the war Clayton was a government surveyor in Tanganyika. Bagnold had him returned to Egypt because of his detailed knowledge of the Western Desert. He was commissioned into the Intelligence Corps.
Clayton was leading "T" Patrol in a planned attack on Kufra when the patrol was engaged by the Italian Auto-Saharan Company on 31 January 1941, near Gebel Sherif. During the action Captain Clayton was wounded and his car damaged. He along with his colleagues was taken Prisoner of war. He was moved to the Abruzzo region in Italy where he was visited by Laszlo Almasy after Almasy's spy mission, Operation Salaam, to transport two German spies across the Libyan desert to Cairo.

wn.com/Pat_Clayton
Ralph Alger Bagnold
Brigadier Ralph Alger Bagnold, FRS OBE, (3 April 1896 – 28 May 1990) was the founder and first commander of the British Army's Long Range Desert Group during World War II. He is also generally considered to have been a pioneer of desert exploration, an acclaim earned for his activities during the 1930s. These included the first recorded east-west crossing of the Libyan Desert (1932). Bagnold was also a veteran of World War I. He laid the foundations for the research on sand transport by wind in his influential book The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes (first published 1941; reprinted by Dover in 2005), which is still a main reference in the field. It has, for instance, been used by NASA in studying sand dunes on Mars.
Bagnold was born in Devonport, England. His father, Colonel Arthur Henry Bagnold (1854 - 1943) (Royal Engineers), participated in the rescue expedition 1884 - 1885 to rescue General Gordon in Khartoum. His sister was the novelist and playwright Enid Bagnold, who wrote the 1935 novel National Velvet.

wn.com/Ralph_Alger_Bagnold

Djebel Uweinat 2008

During the period of December 2007, a group completed the 3° reconnaissance of the Jebel U...

published: 05 Oct 2008

author: Stefano Laberio

Trekking a Djebel Uweinat Parte Prima (Libia 2006)

Terre ancora inesplorate nel 2006? Le inequivocabili difficoltà di effettuare esplorazioni...

published: 24 Jan 2011

author: Stefano Laberio

Lybien, ‏ليبيا‎ - Adventure in the Libyan Desert

The Libyan Desert covers an area of approximately 1100000 km2, it extends approximately 11...

published: 08 Jul 2012

author: FjallaEyvindur

Trekking a Djebel Uweinat Parte Seconda (Libia 2006)

Terre ancora inesplorate nel 2006? Le inequivocabili difficoltà di effettuare esplorazioni...

published: 24 Jan 2011

author: Stefano Laberio

I Deserti di Maurizio Levi

Un breve panoramica di alcuni dei deserti proposti da " I viaggi di Maurizio Levi", in par...

published: 22 Dec 2011

author: 369Lux

LIBYA 2009

Trip to border Libya-Egypth-Sudan : Jebel Al Uweinat ! To reach this point we navigated in...

published: 17 Feb 2010

author: td5land110

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The Mountain Uwaynat on the border of Egypt, Libya, Sudan

Jebel Uweinat (1,934 m; جبل العوينات gabal al-ʿuwaināt "mountain of sourcelets"; also spelled Jabal, Djebel Al Awaynat, Auenat, Ouenat, Ouinat, Owainat, Oweinat, Uwaynat, Uweinat, Uwenat, Uweynat etc.) is a mountain range in the area of the Egyptian-Libyan-Sudanese border. The mountain lies about 40 km S-SE of Jabal Arkanu.^[1] The main spring called Ain Dua lies at the foot of the mountain, on the Libyan side. The W foot (located at 21°52′29″N 24°54′16″E / 21.87472°N 24.90444°E / 21.87472; 24.90444 according to Hassanein)^[1] is 618 m high, and overcast with giant boulders fallen because of erosion. ^[1] In general, the W slope constitutes an oasis, with wells, bushes and grass. ^[1] The area is notable for its prehistoric petroglyphs first reported by the Egyptian explorer Ahmed Pasha Hassanein--the discoverer of Uweinat, who in 1923 traversed the first 40 km of the mountain towards E, without reaching the end. ^[1] . Engraved in Sandstone, petroglyphs of Bushmen style are visible, representing lions, giraffes, ostrichs, gazelles, cows and little human figures. ^[2]

The western part of the massive consists of intrusive granite, arranged in a ring shape of some 25 km diameter, ending in three valleys (wadis) towards the west, named Karkur Hamid, Karkur Idriss and Karkur Ibrahim. Its eastern part consists of sandstone, ending in Karkur Talh. In Karkur Murr there is a permanent oasis (Guelta), Ain al-Brins (Bir Murr). In the sandstone part four plateaus emerge from the level of the surrounding desert: the Hassanein plateau, connected to an unnamed plateau through a narrow neck, the Italia plateau and another unnamed plateau. The highest point of Uweinat is on top of the Italia plateau. There are two cairns on the top, the first was erected by R.A.Bagnold and the second by captain Marchesi, both in the 1930s.

1 Exploration
2 Sources
3 Notes
4 External links

Exploration [link]

Ahmed Pasha Hassanein -- The discoverer who first published its existence on his 1923 map.
Prince Kamal al-Dine Hussein (son of Hussein Kamel, Sultan of Egypt)
Ralph Alger Bagnold -- Founder of the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) and desert explorer
Pat Clayton -- LRDG and Egyptian Government Survey
László Almásy -- Hungarian desert researcher
H.W.G.J Penderel
Leo Frobenius
Hans Rhotert
Prinz Ferdinand von Lichtenstein

Sources [link]

Bertarelli, L.V. (1929) (in Italian). Guida d'Italia, Vol. XVII. Milano: Consociazione Turistica Italiana.

Notes [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bertarelli (1929), p. 515.
^ Bertarelli (1929), p. 516.

External links [link]

v t e Mountains of Libya

Acacus Bikku Bitti Sherif Haruj Arkanu Jebel Akhdar Nafusa Tibesti Al Uweinat Waw an Namus

Coordinates: 21°55′N 24°59′E / 21.917°N 24.983°E / 21.917; 24.983

v t e Major African geological formations

Plates	African Plate Somali Plate Madagascar Plate Seychelles Plate

Cratons and Shields	Arabian-Nubian Shield Congo craton Kaapvaal craton Kalahari craton Saharan Metacraton Tanzania craton Tuareg Shield West African craton Zimbabwe craton

Shear zones	Aswa Dislocation Broodkop Shear Zone Central African Shear Zone Chuan Shear Zones Foumban Shear Zone Mwembeshi Shear Zone Todi Shear Zone Western Meseta Shear Zone

Rifts	Afar Triangle Anza trough Bahr el Arab rift Benue Trough Blue Nile rift East African Rift Gulf of Suez Rift Lamu Embayment Melut Basin Muglad Basin Red Sea Rift Atbara rift White Nile rift

Sedimentary basins	Angola Basin Blue Nile Basin Chad Basin Congo Basin Douala Basin Foreland Karoo Basin Gabon Basin Iullemmeden Basin Kufra Basin Murzuq Basin Niger Delta Basin Ogaden Basin Orange River basin Owambo Basin Reggane Basin Rio del Rey Basin Sirte Basin Somali Coastal Basin Taoudeni basin Tanzania Coastal Basin Tindouf Basin

Mountain ranges	Aïr Mountains Atlas Mountains Aurès Mountains Bambouk Mountains Blue Mountains Cameroon line Central Pangean Mountains Chaillu Mountains Drakensberg Ethiopian Highlands East African mountains Great Escarpment Great Karas Mountains Guinée forestière Imatong Mountains Jebel Uweinat Loma Mountains Mandara Mountains Marrah Mountains Mitumba Mountains Nuba Mountains Rwenzori Mountains Sankwala Mountains Serra da Leba Serra da Chela Teffedest Mountains Tibesti Mountains

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Contents

Exploration [link]

Sources [link]

Notes [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Jebel_Uweinat

Related pages:

http://fr.wn.com/Jebel Uweinat

http://de.wn.com/Uwainat

http://it.wn.com/Gebel Auenat

http://pl.wn.com/Dżabal al-Uwajnat

http://es.wn.com/Monte Uweinat