Vale Park
Full name	Vale Park Stadium
Location	Hamil Road, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, England
Coordinates	53°2′59″N 2°11′33″W / 53.04972°N 2.1925°W / 53.04972; -2.1925
Broke ground	1944
Built	1950
Opened	1950
Renovated	1998
Expanded	1954
Owner	Port Vale F.C.
Surface	Grass
Construction cost	£50,000
Capacity	19,052
Field dimensions	114 x 77 yards 104 x 70.5 metres
Website	port-vale.co.uk
Tenants
Port Vale F.C. (1950–present)

Vale Park is a football stadium in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, England. It is the home ground of Port Vale F.C., who have played at the ground since 1950.

The ground has seen its capacity go up and down, its peak being 42,000 in 1954 against Blackpool,^[1] although a club record 49,768 managed to squeeze in for a 1960 FA Cup fifth round fixture against Aston Villa.^[2] It now has a notional capacity of around 22,000; however with all the developments and a switch to an all-seater stadium in recent years, it is more likely around 19,000 once the Lorne Street stand is completed.

Overview[link]

At 520 feet above sea level it is the eleventh highest ground in the country, and second highest in the Football League.^[3] The pitch is clay underneath the grass, rather than sand. These two factors make the pitch vulnerable to freezing temperatures.^[4] There is also a coal seam under the pitch, and numerous mine shafts dotted around the local area, including many under the park opposite the ground.^[5] The Head Groundsman is Steve Speed, as of September 2011.^[6] He was one of three groundsmen nominated for the League Two Groundsmen of the Year award in 2009.^[7]

The Vale Park pitch is one of the widest in the Football League.^[8]

History[link]

Average attendances, 1950–2010.

Following the club being informed that they would be kicked out of The Old Recreation Ground by Stoke-on-Trent City Council, plans for a new stadium in a new area began to be made.^[2] In 1944 Hamil Road – the site of a former clay pit – was chosen,^[9] a site opposite Burslem Park, where the club had played its football in the early years of its existence.^[2] The development became known as The Wembley of the North due to the planned size of the stadium,^[10][11] plans which included an 80,000 capacity with room for 1,000 parked cars.^[2] The club's leadership had not allowed the club's third tier status or their lack of money to curb their ambition.^[2] Life-time seats were sold for £100 (the price of admission for roughly 200 matches) but fewer than 100 fans bought them.^[2] Also costing £100, the pitch was the most expensive ever laid in the country at the time.^[2]

The ground opened in 1950 having eventually cost £50,000, and boasting a capacity of 40,000 (360 seated).^[2] The original ground consisted of just two stands (Railway stand and the Lorne Street main stand) with banks of terracing at the Bycars and Hamil ends of the ground. The first match was a 1–0 victory over Newport County on 24 August 1950 in front of 30,196 rain-soaked spectators.^[2] Walter Aveyard took the honour of being the first to score at the ground. On the same day the stadium's name was revealed for the first time – Vale Park.^[2]

Vale Park initially had problems with drainage, leaving many games of the 1950–51 to be postponed.^[12] The problem was finally resolved in summer 1960, when new drains were installed to help ease the winter mud spots.^[12]

In summer 1951, 578 seats were installed on the Railway Terrace, bringing the seated capacity of Vale Park to 1,010.^[12] In 1954 the Railway Stand was built, as capacity gradually increased to 50,000 by the end of the decade.^[2] On 24 September 1958, Vale Park saw its first match under the new £17,000 floodlights, as the club beat West Bromwich Albion 5–3.^[12]

In summer 1973, the club erected a 2.5 feet high steel fence around the Bycars End to help combat hooliganism.^[13] A rare event occurred on 17 January 1976, when the Vale directors permitted rivals Stoke to play a home game to Middlesbrough at Vale Park.^[13] This happened because a severe gale severely damaged the Victoria Ground, whilst the gale also caused £2,000 worth of damage to Vale Park, the damage to Stoke's ground was much more severe.^[13] A crowd of 21,009 saw Stoke win 1–0.

In summer 1985 new safety regulations reduced Vale Park's capacity down to 16,800, and later again to 16,300.^[14] The summer of 1988 saw Vale Park given a £40,000 upgrade to repair the floodlights and a £20,000 electronic scoreboard was installed at the Hamil End.^[14] Three executive boxes were also purchased from Newcastle United, whilst facilities were opened to the local community.^[14] The following year the stadium was upgraded at a cost of £250,000, though grants helped to halve the cost for the club itself.^[14] In November 1989 a £100,000 disabled stand was installed –the first purpose built enclosure of its kind in the country.^[15] Despite this effort, inspectors closed the Bycars End down due to safety issues, and reduced the stadium's capacity to 12,000 after cutting the capacity of the Railway Paddock by two-thirds.^[14] In summer 1990, 3,750 yellow and white seats were fitted in the Railway Paddock, and 1,121 seats were added to the upper tier of the Bycars End.^[14] The Bycars End roof was also removed for safety reasons, whilst a police box was constructed between the Railway Paddock and the Hamil End.^[14] The paddock at the front of the Railway Stand was later made into an all-seated area, with just the Lorne Street side left as a standing area. Vale fans stood for the last time on Lorne Street at the end of the 1997–98 season, with the stand being demolished before work began on a new £3 million structure. Work has yet to been finished on this, due to lack of finances and a change in ownership of the club. Despite the building work remaining uncompleted, the work done on the stadium under Bill Bell from 1985 had vastly improved the ground, as proven by the fact that sheep were once housed in the Railway Paddock toilets and allowed to graze on the pitch in the night; the toilets were notoriously unhygienic, and were replaced under Bill Bratt's reign in 2006.^[16]

The Valiant 2001 Charter stated that Bratt's management team would invest £400,000 to install under-soil heating in mid-2002, and to also quickly complete the Lorne Street stand.^[17] However, as of 2012, both these procedures remain in the planning stage.

Historic matches[link]

A club record 49,768 managed to squeeze in for a 1960 FA Cup fifth round fixture against Aston Villa.^[2] Other historic matches include the defeat of two reigning FA Cup champions in the competition, as Stanley Matthews' Blackpool were beaten 2–0 in February 1954, and then 42 years later holders Everton were dumped out 2–1.^[2]

The biggest victory in a competitive match came in December 1958 when Gateshead were pushed aside 8–0.^[2]

The stadium has hosted three England under-18 games. The first was a 7–2 win over Switzerland in November 1992 (which saw a Robbie Fowler hat-trick); the second was a 1–1 draw with Romania in September 1993; and the third was a goalless draw with Norway in June 2005.^[18]

Stands[link]

The Away Stand.

The current stadium holds 19,052 supporters and has four stands: Lorne Street opposite to The Railway Paddock, and The Bycars End facing the Hamil Road End.

The Lorne Street Stand is relatively new, seating 5,000, with 48 executive boxes, however it is yet to be completed. At the time of the stadium's construction it was intended to be the grandstand stadium.^[2]

The away stand has a capacity of 4,500.^[19] It holds the electronic scoreboard.

Other events[link]

On 1 August 1981, Vale Park hosted a one-off rock concert, dubbed "Heavy Metal Holocaust",^[20] featuring Motörhead,^[21] Ozzy Osbourne Band,^[22] Mahogany Rush, Triumph, Riot and Vardis. Around 20,000 attended the concert, raising £25,000 for the club.^[2]

In 1985 local American football team the Stoke Spitfires used the ground to play their sport.^[2]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vale Park

• Vale Park page at footballgroundguide.com

In geography, a vale is a wide river valley, usually with a particularly wide flood plain or flat valley bottom. Vales commonly occur between the escarpment slopes of pairs of chalk downs, where the chalk dome has been eroded, exposing less resistant underlying rock, usually clay.

Places[link]

• Vale of Kashmir, a disputed territory, claimed by both Pakistan and India

Georgia[link]

• Vale, Georgia, a town in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region

Norway[link]

• Våle, a historic municipality

Pakistan[link]

• Vale of Peshawar

Portugal[link]

• A civil parish in the municipality of Alfândega de Fé

Romania[link]

• Vale, a village in Aluniş Commune, Cluj County
• Vale, a village in Topliţa city, Harghita County
• Vale (Hungarian: Vále), a village in Sălişte town, Sibiu County

United Kingdom[link]

• Vale, Guernsey, parish in Guernsey
• Aylesbury Vale, Buckinghamshire, England
• Ebbw Vale, Blaenau Gwent, Wales
• Vale of Glamorgan, Glamorgan, Wales
• Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, England
• Vale Royal, Cheshire, North West England (former)
• Blackmore Vale, Dorset, England
• Castle Vale, Birmingham, England
• Maida Vale, London, England
• Trent Vale, Staffordshire, England
• Vale of Belvoir, Leicestershire, England
• Vale of Evesham, Worcestershire, England
• Vale of Leven, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland
• Vale of Pewsey, Wiltshire, England
• Vale of York, Yorkshire, England
• Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, England
• The Vale, Birmingham, England
• Vale of Mowbury, Yorkshire, England

United States of America[link]

• Ballardvale, Massachusetts
• Brook Vale, Virginia
• Cedar Vale, Kansas
• Cherryvale, Kansas
• Intervale, New Hampshire
• Kenton Vale, Kentucky
• La Vale, Maryland
• Marysvale, Utah
• Meadow Vale, Kentucky
• Millvale, Pennsylvania
• Montvale, New Jersey
• Northvale, New Jersey
• Orangevale, California
• Pleasant Vale Township, Illinois
• River Vale, New Jersey
• Rivervale, Indiana
• Sunnyvale, California
• Swissvale, Pennsylvania
• Union Vale, New York
• Vale, North Carolina (Avery County)
• Vale, North Carolina (Lincoln County)
• Vale, Oregon
• Vale, South Dakota
• Vale, West Virginia
• Vale Summit, Maryland
• Vale Township, Butte County, South Dakota
• Vale Tunnel, Raytown, Missouri

People[link]

• Angélica Vale, Mexican actress, singer and comedienne
• Brenda and Robert Vale, architects and researchers in the field of sustainable housing
• Bruno Vale, Portuguese footballer
• Danna Sue Vale, Australian politician
• Jack Vale, American comedian
• Jerry Vale, American singer
• John Vale, American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
• Vale Pepelo, a character in a New Zealand television animated series bro'Town
• Wylie Vale (1941–2012), American neurochemist
• Rebekah Francis Vale, moved from England to America

Other uses[link]

• Rose Vale, a tone of the color Rose
• Vale gas field, North Sea gas field
• Vale Special, British sports car
• Taff Vale Railway, Welsh railway
• HNoMS Vale, warships of the Royal Norwegian Navy
• Vale languages, or "Ruto-Vale", an African language
• McLaren Vale, wine region in South Australia
• Vale (mining company), Brazilian mining company
• Vicki Vale, comic book character
• Port Vale F.C., an English football team
• Vale, a Latin word meaning farewell or goodbye
• Vale of Siddim (biblical)
• Vale Limited, a mining company in Ontario, Canada.
• Vale, The Home Town for the protagonists in the Nintendo Game Series Golden Sun

See also[link]

• Valley
• Landform
• Vail, Colorado

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010)

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Central Park, New York, the most visited city park in the United States

Yoyogi Park, Tokyo, Japan

The Summer Garden, St. Petersburg, Russia.

The Queen Elizabeth Park, Vancouver, Canada

Englischer Garten, Munich, Germany

Parade Gardens, a park in Bath, England

Public park, Tours, France.

Laleh Park's southwestern entrance with a statue of Biruni, a medieval Persian astronomer. Tehran, Iran.

A park is a protected area, in its natural or semi-natural state, or planted, and set aside for human recreation and enjoyment, or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of rocks, soil, water, flora and fauna and grass areas. Many parks are legally protected by law.

Wilderness parks are intact and undeveloped areas used mainly by wild species. Protected wilderness zones are required for some wild species to survive. Some protected parks focus mainly on the survival of a few threatened species, such as gorillas or chimpanzees.

History[link]

The first parks were deer parks, land set aside for hunting by royalty and the aristocracy in medieval times. They had walls or thick hedges around them to keep game in and people out.

These game preserves evolved into landscaped parks set around mansions and country houses from the sixteenth century onwards. These may have served as hunting grounds but they also proclaimed the owner's wealth and status. An aesthetic of landscape design began in these stately home parks where the natural landscape was enhanced by landscape architects such as Capability Brown. As cities became crowded, the private hunting grounds became places for the public.

With the Industrial revolution parks took on a new meaning as areas set aside to preserve a sense of nature in the cities and towns. Sporting activity came to be a major use for these urban parks. Areas of outstanding natural beauty were also set aside as national parks to prevent their being spoilt by uncontrolled development.

Government-owned or -operated parks[link]

National parks[link]

A national park is a reserve of land, usually, but not always declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. Although this may be so, it is not likely that the government of a specific area owns it, rather the community itself. National parks are a protected area of IUCN category II. The largest national park in the world is the Northeast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974.

In the United States the concept of preserving landscapes for the pleasure of the people was established on June 30, 1864, when President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill creating the Yosemite Grant. A policy of preservation, rather than co-usage as in the National Forests, where grazing, farming and logging are licensed, was implemented four decades later during the presidential administration of Teddy Roosevelt, and Yosemite became a national park. Tourism and, later, recreation were the intended purposes of the lands Roosevelt set aside in the system. John Muir was instrumental in this effort.

These parks were termed national parks and today are looked after by the U.S. National Park Service. There are also national parks in many other countries.

Sub-national parks[link]

In Federal systems, many parks are managed by the local levels of government, rather than by the central government. In the United States these include state parks and in Canada provincial or territorial parks, except in Quebec where they are known as National Parks (see Quebec nationalism).

Urban parks[link]

A park is an area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and maintained by a local government. Parks commonly resemble savannas or open woodlands, the types of landscape that human beings find most relaxing.^{[citation needed]} Grass is typically kept short to discourage insect pests and to allow for the enjoyment of picnics and sporting activities. Trees are chosen for their beauty and to provide shade.

The world's first public park is claimed to be la Alameda de Hércules, in Seville. It is a promenaded public mall, urban garden and park built in 1574, within the historic center of Seville. It is located between the river Guadalquivir and the Macarena neighborhood. Other early parks include the City Park, in Budapest, Hungary, which was property of the Batthyány family. In 1808 an Imperial law converted it to the English style. Some years later the Count Batthyány ordered that it should be established as a public park. The earliest purpose built public park, although financed privately, was Princes Park in the Liverpool suburb of Toxteth. This was laid out to the designs of Joseph Paxton from 1842 and opened in 1843. The land on which the park was built was purchased by Richard Vaughan Yates, an iron merchant and philanthropist, in 1841 for £50,000. The creation of Princes Park showed great foresight and introduced a number of highly influential ideas. First and foremost was the provision of open space for the benefit of townspeople and local residents within an area that was being rapidly built up. Secondly it took the concept of the designed landscape as a setting for the suburban domicile, an idea pioneered by John Nash at Regent’s Park, and re-fashioned it for the provincial town in a most original way. Nash’s remodelling of St James’s Park from 1827 and the sequence of processional routes he created to link The Mall with Regent’s Park completely transformed the appearance of London’s West End. With the establishment of Princes Park in 1842, Joseph Paxton did something similar for the benefit of a provincial town, albeit one of international stature by virtue of its flourishing mercantile contingent. Liverpool had a burgeoning presence on the scene of global maritime trade before 1800 and during the Victorian era its wealth rivalled that of London itself.

The form and layout of Paxton’s ornamental grounds, structured about an informal lake within the confines of a serpentine carriageway, put in place the essential elements of his much imitated design for Birkenhead Park. The latter was commenced in 1843 with the help of public finance and deployed the ideas he pioneered at Princes Park on a more expansive scale. Frederick Law Olmstead visited Birkenhead Park in 1850 and praised its qualities. Indeed Paxton is widely credited as having been one of the principal influences on Olmstead and Calvert’s design for New York’s Central Park of 1857.

Another early public park is the Peel Park, Salford, England opened on 22 August 1846.^[1][2][3] Another possible claimant for status as the world's first public park is Boston Common (Boston, Massachusetts, USA), set aside in 1634, whose first recreational promenade, Tremont Mall, dates from 1728. True park status for the entire common seems to have emerged no later than 1830, when the grazing of cows was ended and renaming the Common as Washington Park was proposed (renaming the bordering Sentry Street to Park Street in 1808 already acknowledged the reality).

Parks can be divided into active and passive recreation areas. Active recreation is that which has an urban character and requires intensive development. It often involves cooperative or team activity, including playgrounds, ball fields, swimming pools, gymnasiums, and skateparks. Active recreation such as team sports, due to the need to provide substantial space to congregate, typically involves intensive management, maintenance, and high costs. Passive recreation, also called "low intensity recreation" is that which emphasizes the open-space aspect of a park and allows for the preservation of natural habitat. It usually involves a low level of development, such as rustic picnic areas, benches and trails. Passive recreation typically requires little management and can be provided at very low costs. Some open space managers provide nothing other than trails for physical activity in the form of walking, running, horse riding, mountain biking, snow shoeing, or cross-country skiing; or sedentary activity such as observing nature, bird watching, painting, photography, or picnicking. Limiting park or open space use to passive recreation over all or a portion of the park's area eliminates or reduces the burden of managing active recreation facilities and developed infrastructure. Many ski resorts combine active recreation facilities (ski lifts, gondolas, terrain parks, downhill runs, and lodges) with passive recreation facilities (cross-country ski trails).^{[citation needed]}

Many smaller neighborhood parks are receiving increased attention and valuation as significant community assets and places of refuge in heavily populated urban areas. Neighborhood groups around the world are joining together to support local parks that have suffered from urban decay and government neglect.

A linear park is a park that has a much greater length than width. A typical example of a linear park is a section of a former railway that has been converted into a park called a rail trail or greenway (i.e. the tracks removed, vegetation allowed to grow back). Parks are sometimes made out of oddly shaped areas of land, much like the vacant lots that often become city neighborhood parks. Linked parks may form a greenbelt.

Country parks[link]

In some countries, especially the United Kingdom, country parks are areas designated for recreation, and managed by local authorities. They are often located near urban populations, but they provide recreational facilities typical of the countryside rather than the town.

Private parks[link]

Private parks are owned by individuals or businesses and are used at the discretion of the owner. There are a few types of private parks, and some which once were privately maintained and used have now been made open to the public.

Hunting parks were originally areas maintained as open space where residences, industry and farming were not allowed, often originally so that nobility might have a place to hunt — see medieval deer park. These were known for instance, as deer parks (deer being originally a term meaning any wild animal). Many country houses in Great Britain and Ireland still have parks of this sort, which since the 18th century have often been landscaped for aesthetic effect. They are usually a mixture of open grassland with scattered trees and sections of woodland, and are often enclosed by a high wall. The area immediately around the house is the garden. In some cases this will also feature sweeping lawns and scattered trees; the basic difference between a country house's park and its garden is that the park is grazed by animals, but they are excluded from the garden.

Other uses[link]

The term park is also used in reference to industrial areas, often termed industrial parks. Some technology research areas are also called research parks. Small environmental areas, often part of urban renewal plans, are called pocket parks. The word park may also be used in community names, such as Oak Park or College Park. Sometimes the active recreational aspect may be expressed in the extreme of naming an amusement park, usually privately owned. A car park is an area of land or a building in which cars are parked.

An amusement park, or theme park is a generic term for a collection of rides and other entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertainment.

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Parks

• Conservation area
• Landscape architecture
• List of national parks
• Protected area
• Public Open Space
• Royal forest

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up park in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Essay on public parks
•  Frederick Law Olmsted (1879). "Park". The American Cyclopædia. 

Frank Marino
Background information
Birth name	Francesco Antonio Marino
Born	(1954-11-20) November 20, 1954 (age 57) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Genres	Hard rock, Blues-rock, Heavy metal
Occupations	Musician, Songwriter
Instruments	Guitar
Years active	1970 – present
Associated acts	Mahogany Rush
Website	mahoganyrush.com
Notable instruments
Gibson SG[1]

Frank Marino (Francesco Antonio Marino), born November 20, 1954, in Montreal, is the guitarist and leader of Canadian hard rock band Mahogany Rush. Often compared to Jimi Hendrix, he is acknowledged as one of the best and most underrated^[2] guitarists of the 1970s.

Biography and career[link]

After playing drums since he was five,^[3] around age 13-14 Marino started playing guitar.^[4] An often-repeated myth is he was visited by an apparition of Jimi Hendrix after a bad LSD trip,^[5][6] a myth Marino has always disavowed, and still does so now on his personal website.^[7] His playing, however, is explicitly inspired by Hendrix (on the Gibson he is described as "carrying Jimi's psychedelic torch"^[8]), and Marino is notable for strong cover versions of Hendrix classics such as "Purple Haze".^[1][8] He has been criticized by some as a Hendrix clone.^[9][10] Marino himself claims that he didn't consciously set out to imitate Hendrix's style at all: "The whole style just came naturally. I didn't choose it; it chose me."^[11]

Mahogany Rush was moderately popular in the 1970s. Their records charted in Billboard, and they toured extensively, playing such venues as California Jam II (1978). Toward the end of the 1970s, the band began to be billed as "Frank Marino and Mahogany Rush."^[12] Not much later, Mahogany Rush split up and in the early 1980s Marino released two solo albums on CBS. The band reformed and continued to perform throughout the 1980s and 1990s. In 1993, Marino retired from the music industry.

Marino returned in 2001, inspired in part by a fansite, www.mahoganyrush.com: "I always knew we had fans, I just didn't know I'd find half a million of them on the Web," he said in an interview with Guitar Player in 2005.^[3] He released Eye of the Storm, and went on tour again, playing more improvisational shows.^[3] Frank is still active, recording and touring under his own name. He has also been involved in blues recordings with other artists as well, playing on tribute albums to Albert King and Stevie Ray Vaughan.

Technique and equipment[link]

Besides Jimi Hendrix, Marino acknowledged the influence of John Cipollina (of Quicksilver Messenger Service fame), Duane Allman, Johnny Winter, and Carlos Santana. He plays blues, heavy metal, and improvisational styles; one of his notable tricks is playing (live) a lick as if it were played backwards, with the help of only a volume pedal and a delay.^[3] His style has influenced many guitar players, including Zakk Wylde^[13] and Eric Gales and Paul Gilbert.^[14] His tone is recognized by for instance Guitar Player, which called him a "full-spectrum guitar god," alongside Jeff Beck, Eddie Van Halen, and The Edge.^[15]

He is noted for complicated set-ups; according to Guitar Player, he has "an entire pedalboard ... assigned to hold the expression pedals that control the parameters of the effects on another pedalboard."^[3] In the past, he has built his own amplifiers to achieve the right sound; he also uses Fender Twins.^[3] He currently uses a pre-amplifier he built himself, reminiscent of a Fender, and any available power amp, through a 2x15" Fane cabinet.^[16] Marino is a devoted Gibson SG player and uses them with the original PAF pickups and two with DiMarzio humbuckers.^[3] He also has an SG with single-coil DiMarzio pickups.^[16]

Discography[link]

Solo[link]

• The Power of Rock 'n' Roll (1981 CBS)
• Juggernaut (1982 Columbia Records) U.S. #185^[17]
• Full Circle (1986)
• From the Hip (1990)

With Mahogany Rush[link]

Other recordings and collections[link]

• April Wine-the whole world's goin' crazy (1976)
• Nanette Workman ( album recorded but never released) (1976)
• California Jam II (6 CD set) (1978)
• Billy Workman:same (1979)
• Fit for A. King (various artists) (1980)
• V X N (pronounced Vixen )(1985)
• Metal Giants (various artists) (1988)
• Guitar Speak II (1990)
• Hats off to Stevie Ray (various artists) (1993)
• Bryan Lee: Live at the Old Absinthe House Bar Friday Night (1997)
• Bryan Lee: Live at the Old Absinthe House Bar Saturday Night (1998)
• Best of the Guitar Slingers (various artists) (2002)
• Live and Loud (various artists) (2002)
• Rock Thunder (various artists) (2002)
• Bryan Lee: Bryan Lee's Greatest Hits (2003)
• Rockin' 70s (various artists) (2004)
• Montreal Jubilation Gospel Choir & the Jubilation Big Band - I'll Take You There (track 9) (2005)
• Revolution - A Rock and Roll Tribute to The Beatles (various artists) (2005)
• Doc Rock presents Classic Rock Weekend (various artists) (2006)
• Vargas Blues Band - Flamenco Blues Experience (track 2) (2008)
• Nos stars chantent le blues à Montréal - track 5. Who do you love? - Jonas (avec Frank Marino) (2010)
• Just Gettin' Started - track 4. Wild Horses - Nanette Workman (2012)

Tribute[link]

• Secondhand Smoke: A Tribute to Frank Marino (tracks by George Lynch, Ronnie Montrose, James Byrd, and others) (2005)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Frank Marino & Mahogany Rush Official Fan Page
• HardRadio.com Frank Marino Interview

The Gracie family (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɾejsi]) is a prominent sporting family from Brazil known for their founding of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). They have been successful in combat sport competitions including mixed martial arts, vale tudo and submission wrestling events. As a family, they uphold the Gracie challenge, which promotes their style of BJJ.

Origins[link]

The Gracie family line in Brazil descended from George Gracie, a Scotsman from the Carronhill estate in Dumfriesshire who immigrated in 1826 when he was 25 years old.^[1][2][3] George was a son of James (b. 1772), the second son of family patriarch George Gracie (b. 1734), and Jean Patterson.^[3]

Jiu-jitsu[link]

Gastão Gracie from Rio de Janeiro, the grandson of George Gracie through his son Pedro married Cesarina Pessoa Vasconcellos, the daughter of a wealthy Ceará family, in 1901 and decided to settle in Belém do Pará.^[4] Gastão Gracie became a business partner of the American Circus in Belém. In 1916, Italian Argentine circus Queirolo Brothers staged shows there and presented Mitsuyo Maeda, a Japanese Judoka and prize fighter.^[5][6] In 1917, Carlos Gracie, the eldest son of Gastão Gracie, watched a demonstration by Maeda at the Da Paz Theatre and decided to learn judo. Maeda accepted to teach Carlos. In 1921, following his financial dire straits and his father Pedro's demise serving as a pretext, Gastão Gracie returned to his native Rio with his family.^[4]

Carlos passed Maeda's teachings on to his brothers Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., and George. Hélio was too young and sick at that time to learn the art, and due to medical imposition was prohibited to take part in the training sessions. Despite that, Hélio learned from watching his brothers. He eventually overcame his health problems and is now considered by many as the founder of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (though others, such as Carlson Gracie, have pointed to Carlos as the founder of the art).^[7]

Rolls Gracie is sometimes considered in the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu community and within the Gracie family as the true creator of the modern form of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. He did so by training and competing in Judo, Sambo, and Wrestling. He was the lead instructor of the most promising Gracies in the family, namely, Rickson Gracie, Royler Gracie, Rillion Gracie, and Carlos Gracie Jr.

The most recent family champion is Roger Gracie, who holds the Confederação Brasileira de Jiu-Jitsu World Super Heavyweight and Pan-American Open Weight titles and the ADCC heavyweight and openweight championships. The most famous member of the Gracie family may be Royce Gracie, winner of three UFC tournaments.

Family members[link]

^{[8] [9] [10]}

See also[link]

• Gracie magazine
• List of notable Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners

References[link]

External links[link]

• Gracie US website
• International Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Federation