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Nomads
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Ababdeh
http://wn.com/Ababdeh -
Adivasi
Adivasi is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous set of ethnic and tribal groups believed to be the aboriginal population of India. They comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India.
http://wn.com/Adivasi -
Afar people
The Afar (, Feera: ዐፋር ʿāfār, , āfār) are an ethnic group in the Horn of Africa who reside principally in the Danakil Desert in the Afar Region of Ethiopia, as well as in Eritrea and Djibouti. They number 1,276,374 people in Ethiopia (or 1.73% of the total population), of whom 108,488 are urban inhabitants, according to the most recent census (2007).
http://wn.com/Afar_people -
Alans
The Alans or Alani (occasionally termed Alauni or Halani) were a group of Sarmatian tribes, nomadic pastoralists of the 1st millennium AD who spoke an Eastern Iranian language which derived from Scytho-Sarmatian and which in turn evolved into modern Ossetian.
http://wn.com/Alans -
Andrew Sherratt
Andrew Sherratt (8 May 1946– 24 February 2006) was an English archaeologist, one of the most influential of his generation.
http://wn.com/Andrew_Sherratt -
Arab
http://wn.com/Arab -
Bakhtiari people
The Bakhtiari are a group of southwestern Iranians. They speak Bakhtiari dialect, a southwestern Iranian dialect, belonging to the Lori dialects.
http://wn.com/Bakhtiari_people -
Baluch people
http://wn.com/Baluch_people -
Berber people
Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are discontinuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke various Berber languages, which together form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Today many of them speak Darija and also French in the Maghreb, due to the French colonization of the Maghreb, and especially Spanish in Morocco. Today most Berber-speaking people live in Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Tunisia.
http://wn.com/Berber_people -
Borana Oromo people
:Borana is also an alternate Spanish name of the Boran sub-family of the larger Witotoan language family.
http://wn.com/Borana_Oromo_people -
Bruce Chatwin
Charles Bruce Chatwin (13 May 194018 January 1989) was an English novelist and travel writer. He won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel On the Black Hill (1982). Married and bisexual, he was one of the first prominent men in Britain known to have contracted HIV and died of AIDS, although he hid the facts of his illness.
http://wn.com/Bruce_Chatwin -
Bulgars
The Bulgars (also Bolgars, Bulghars, or Proto-Bulgarians) were a people who lived in Eastern Europe during the Early Middle Ages. Their ethnicity is uncertain but most scholars posit that they were a Turkic people with some Iranian elements that migrated to Europe from Central Asia in 4th century. In the 7th century they established two states on the Pontic-Caspian steppe: Great Bulgaria, which spanned between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea, and Volga Bulgaria on the territory that is now part of the Russian Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia. Likewise, they imposed themselves in the Balkans as the elite ruling class of the Danube Bulgar Khanate. In each of these regions they were gradually assimilated over a period of centuries by the local ethnic groups, giving rise to several modern peoples claiming descent from them: Volga Tatars (see Bulgarism) and Chuvash, Balkars and Bulgarians.
http://wn.com/Bulgars -
Bushmen
The indigenous people of southern Africa, whose territory spans most areas of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola, are variously referred to as Bushmen, San, Sho, Basarwa, Kung, or Khwe. These people were traditionally hunter-gatherers, part of the Khoisan group and are related to the traditionally pastoral Khoikhoi. Starting in the 1950s, and lasting through the 1990s, they switched to farming as a result of government-mandated modernization programs as well as the increased risks of a hunting and gathering lifestyle in the face of technological development. There is a significant linguistic difference between the northern Bushmen living between Okavango (Botswana) and Etosha (Namibia), extending into southern Angola on the one hand and the southern group in the central Australia towards the Kangaroo Tribe]], who are the last remnant of the extensive autochthonous San of South Africa.
http://wn.com/Bushmen -
Chukchi people
Chukchi, or Chukchee ( (plural), (singular)) are an indigenous people inhabiting the Chukchi Peninsula and the shores of the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea region of the Arctic Ocean within the Russian Federation. They speak the Chukchi language. The Chukchi originated from the people living around the Okhotsk Sea.
http://wn.com/Chukchi_people -
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars (sg. Qırımtatar, pl. Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg. Qırım, Qırımlı, pl. Qırımlar, Qırımlılar) are a Turkic ethnic group originally residing in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language. They are not to be confused with the Volga Tatars.
http://wn.com/Crimean_Tatars -
Dahae
The Dahae (, Latin; Greek ', , and ', '), or Dahaeans''' were a confederacy of three Ancient Iranian tribes who lived in the region to the immediate east of the Caspian Sea. They spoke an Eastern Iranian language.
http://wn.com/Dahae -
Dmitri Bondarenko
Dmitri Bondarenko (born 1968 in Moscow) is a Russian anthropologist, historian, and africanist. He has conducted field research in a number of African countries (particularly, Tanzania, Nigeria, Benin, Rwanda, Zambia) and in Russia.
http://wn.com/Dmitri_Bondarenko -
Dom people
The Dom (or Domi) () of the Middle East are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group. Some authors relate them to the Domba people of India.
http://wn.com/Dom_people -
Eurasian Avars
The European Avars, or Ancient Avars, were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit retinue of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turkic groups. Although the name Avar first appeared in the mid fifth century, the Avars of Europe enter the historical scene in the mid sixth century A.D., when they established a pax spanning considerable areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Avar rule persisted over much of the Pannonian Plain up to the early 9th century. Their ultimate fate is believed to have been assimilation by the invading Magyars (Hungarians).
http://wn.com/Eurasian_Avars -
Fula people
Fula or Fulani or Fulbe (the latter being an Anglicisation of the word in their language, Fule) are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, predominantly in West Africa, but found also in Central Africa and Sudanese North Africa. The countries in Africa where they are present include Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, The Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Chad, Togo, the Central African Republic, Ghana, Liberia, and as far as Sudan in the east. Fula people form a minority in every country they inhabit, but in Guinea they represent a plurality of the population (40%).Total population 27 000 000.
http://wn.com/Fula_people -
Fulani
http://wn.com/Fulani -
Félix Guattari
Pierre-Félix Guattari (April 30, 1930 – August 29, 1992) was a French militant, an institutional psychotherapist, philosopher, and semiotician; he founded both schizoanalysis and ecosophy. Guattari is best known for his intellectual collaborations with Gilles Deleuze, most notably Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980).
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Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic in older literature) are a historical ethno-linguistic group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European Germanic languages, which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
http://wn.com/Germanic_peoples -
Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze (), (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher of the late 20th century. From the early 1960s until his death, Deleuze wrote many influential works on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular books were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with Félix Guattari.
http://wn.com/Gilles_Deleuze -
greek people
http://wn.com/greek_people -
Gurjar
#REDIRECTGujjar
http://wn.com/Gurjar -
Hephthalites
http://wn.com/Hephthalites -
Hmong people
The Hmong (), are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity (苗族) in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to find more arable land.
http://wn.com/Hmong_people -
Hunas
http://wn.com/Hunas -
Huns
The Huns were a group of nomadic pastoral people who, appearing from beyond the Volga, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and built up an enormous empire in Europe. Since De Guignes linked them with the Xiongnu who had been northern neighbours of China 300 years earlier to the emergence of Huns, considerable scholarly effort has been devoted in investigating such a connection. However, there is no evidence for a direct connection between the dominant element of the Xiongnu and that of the Huns. A contemporary mentions that the Huns had a language of their own; very little of it has survived and its relationships have been the subject of debate for centuries. According to some theories, it was a Turkic language. Numerous other languages were spoken within the Hun pax including East Germanic. Their main military technique was mounted archery.
http://wn.com/Huns -
hunter-gatherer
http://wn.com/hunter-gatherer -
Indo-Aryans
http://wn.com/Indo-Aryans -
Iranian peoples
The Iranian people or Iranic peoples are a historical ethnic-linguistic group, forming a branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly on the Iranian plateau and beyond in central, southern, and southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe. As a group of people, they are predominantly defined along linguistic lines as speaking the Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family. They are spread across the Iranian plateau, stretching from the Hindu Kush to the Armenian Highlands and central Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf - a region that is sometimes termed Greater Iran. Speakers of Iranian languages, however, were once found throughout Eurasia, from the Balkans to western China. As Iranian people are not confined to the borders of the current state of Iran, the term Iranic peoples is sometimes used to avoid confusion with the citizens of Iran.
http://wn.com/Iranian_peoples -
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and head of state who served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. After the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Stalin rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union, which he ruled as a dictator.
http://wn.com/Joseph_Stalin -
Kalmyks
http://wn.com/Kalmyks -
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia, and Mongolia).
http://wn.com/Kazakhs -
Khazars
The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century. The name "Khazar" seems to be tied to a Turkic verb form meaning "wandering".
http://wn.com/Khazars -
Kurds
http://wn.com/Kurds -
Kyrgyz people
http://wn.com/Kyrgyz_people -
Leonid Grinin
Leonid Grinin (born in 1958) is a philosopher of history and sociologist.
http://wn.com/Leonid_Grinin -
Maasai people
The Maasai (also Masai) are a Nilotic ethnic group of semi-nomadic people located in Kenya and northern Tanzania. Due to their distinctive customs and dress and residence near the many game parks of East Africa, they are among the most well known of African ethnic groups. They speak Maa, a member of the Nilo-Saharan language family that is related to Dinka and Nuer, and are also educated in the official languages of Kenya and Tanzania: Swahili and English. The Maasai population has been variously estimated as 377,089 from the 1989 Census or as 453,000 language speakers in Kenya in 1994 and 430,000 in Tanzania in 1993 with a total estimated as "approaching 900,000" Estimates of the respective Maasai populations in both countries are complicated by the remote locations of many villages, and their semi-nomadic nature.
http://wn.com/Maasai_people -
Magyars
http://wn.com/Magyars -
Melvyn Goldstein
Melvyn C. Goldstein (* 8 February 1938 in New York) is an eminent US-American anthropologist and Tibet scholar. His scientific focus lies on: Tibetan society, history and contemporary politics in Tibet, population studies, polyandry, studies in cultural and development ecology, economic change and cross-cultural gerontology.
http://wn.com/Melvyn_Goldstein -
Mongol
http://wn.com/Mongol -
Mongols
The name Mongol (Mongolian: Mongγol; Cyrillic script: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia.
http://wn.com/Mongols -
Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Berber, Black African and Arab descent from Northern Africa, some of whom came to conquer and occupy the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed other religions. They called the territory Al Andalus, comprising most of what is now Spain and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Moors -
Nikolay Kradin
Nikolay Nikolaevich Kradin (born in Onokhoy, Buryatia, USSR on April 17, 1962) is a Russian anthropologist and archaeologist. Since 1985 he has been a Research Fellow of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Vladivostok. He is also (since 1999) Head and Professor of the Department of Social Anthropology in the Far-Eastern National Technical University.
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Nogais
The Nogai people (also written as Nogay or Noghai) are a Turkic ethnic group in Southern Russia: northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia and the Astrakhan Oblast; undefined number live in Chechnya. They speak the Nogai language and are descendants of various Turkic tribes, mainly Kipchaks, who formed the Nogai Horde.
http://wn.com/Nogais -
Nuer people
The Nuer (pronounced /ˈnü-ər/)(also known as the Nei Ti Naath (--or roughly: original people) are a confederation of tribes located in Southern Sudan and western Ethiopia. Collectively, the Nuer form one of the largest ethnic groups in East Africa.
http://wn.com/Nuer_people -
Nukak
The Nukak people (also Nukak-Makú) live between the Guaviare and Inírida rivers, in the depths of the tropical humid forest, on the fringe of the Amazon basin, in Guaviare Department, Republic of Colombia. They are nomadic hunter-gatherers with seasonal nomadic patterns and in addition they practice a shifting horticulture in small scale. An "uncontacted people" until 1988, they have since lost half of their population, primarily to disease. Part of their territory has been used by coca growers, ranchers and other settlers and occupied by guerrillas, army and paramilitaries. Responses to this crisis include protests, requests for assimilation, and the suicide of leader Maw-be'. Some 210-250 are estimated to live in provisional settlements at San José del Guaviare, while about as many live nomadically in the Nukak Reservation (Resguardo).
http://wn.com/Nukak -
Parthia
Parthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire.
http://wn.com/Parthia -
Pechenegs
The Pechenegs or Patzinaks (, , , , , , ) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people of the Central Asian steppes speaking the Pecheneg language which belonged to the Turkic language family.
http://wn.com/Pechenegs -
Qashqai
Qashqai (pronounced ; also spelled Ghashghai, Kashkai , Qashqay and '''Qashqa'i''', Persian and Qashqai: قشقایی) are a people in Iran speaking a Turkic language. The Qashqai language is closely related to Azerbaijani, and some linguists actually consider it to be a dialect of that language. Qashqais mainly live in the provinces of Fars, Khuzestan and southern Isfahan, but especially around the city of Shiraz in Fars.
http://wn.com/Qashqai -
Romani people
The Romani (also Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms; exonym: Gypsy; Romani: Romane or Rromane, depending on the dialect) are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to mediaeval India.
http://wn.com/Romani_people -
Romanichal
The Romanichals (also Romnichals) are groups of Romani people (also known as Gypsies) found in some parts of the United Kingdom, notably England. The word "Romanichal" is derived from Romani chal, where chal is Angloromani for "fellow".Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition 1989, "Romany3, n. and a."
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Sami people
The Sami people, also spelled Sámi, or Saami (also known as Lapps, although this term is considered derogatory), are one of the indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia but also in the border area between south and middle Sweden and Norway. Their ancestral lands span an area the size of Sweden in the Nordic countries. The Sami people are among the largest indigenous ethnic groups in Europe. Their traditional languages are the Sami languages, which are classified as members of the Finno-Lappic group of the Uralic language family.
http://wn.com/Sami_people -
Sarakatsani
The Sarakatsani () are a group of Greek transhumant shepherds inhabiting Greece and neighbouring countries. Historically centered around the Pindus mountains, they have been currently urbanised to a significant degree. Most of them now reside throughout Central and Northern Greece. Smaller numbers also exist in southern Albania, Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia.
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Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (Latin Sarmatæ or Sauromatæ, Greek ) were an Iranian people of Classical Antiquity, flourishing from about the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD.
http://wn.com/Sarmatians -
Scythians
The Scythians or Scyths (, ) were an ancient Iranian people of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who throughout Classical Antiquity dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe, known at the time as Scythia. They were believed to have ranged west of the Altai Mountains until 2006, when a royal burial was found to the east in Mongolia. By Late Antiquity the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scythians in the west. Much of the surviving information about the Scythians comes from the Greek historian Herodotus (c. 440 BC) in his Histories and Ovid in his poem of exile Epistulae ex Ponto, and archaeologically from the depictions of Scythian life shown in relief on exquisite goldwork found in Scythian burial mounds in Ukraine and Southern Russia.
http://wn.com/Scythians -
Seljuks
http://wn.com/Seljuks -
Serbs
Serbs (, Romanization: Srbi ) are a native Balkan South Slavic ethnic group. Majority of Serbs live in their ancestral lands in Central Europe and the Balkans (Southeastern Europe), between the Balkan and Carpathian mountains, in the east, and the Adriatic sea, in the west. Significant percentage of Serb people live in diaspora. The total world Serbian population, however, is difficult to measure. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs are also a significant minority in other republics of the Former Yugoslavia- primarily Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Serbs are an officially recognized minority in both Romania and Hungary, as well as Albania and Slovakia. There is a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe especially in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and Austria, as well as in France and Italy (which also contains a historical Serb community). More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German speaking countries: Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1,8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%).
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Settler
A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. Settlers are generally people who take up residence on land and cultivate it, as opposed to nomads. Settlers are sometimes termed "colonists" or "colonials" and—in the United States -- "pioneers".
http://wn.com/Settler -
Somali people
Ethnic group
http://wn.com/Somali_people -
Taureg people
http://wn.com/Taureg_people -
Tibetan people
The Tibetan people (; ) are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet, which is mostly in the People's Republic of China. They number 5.4 million and are the 10th largest ethnic group in the country. Significant Tibetan minorities also live in India, Nepal, and Bhutan.
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Tibetans
http://wn.com/Tibetans -
Turkic peoples
The Turks (or Turkics) are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, Mongolia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds. The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people including existing societies such as the Chuvashes, Kazakhs, Tatars, Kyrgyzs, Turkish, Turkmen, Uyghur, Uzbeks, Bashkirs, Qashqai, Gagauzs, Yakuts, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Karakalpaks, Karachays, Krymchaks, Nogais and as well as past civilizations such as the Kumans, Kipchaks, Avars, Turgeshs, Seljuks, Khazars, Ottomans, Mamluks, Timurids, and possibly the Xiongnu and Huns.
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Turkmens
http://wn.com/Turkmens -
Wu Hu
:For other uses, see Wuhu.
http://wn.com/Wu_Hu -
Çingene
http://wn.com/Çingene
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Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Afghanistan -
Baghdad
Baghdad (, , ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt).
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California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
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Dumi
Dumi is a village in Achham District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,517 and had 332 houses in the village.
http://wn.com/Dumi -
Egypt
Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
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Ghajar
Ghajar (Arabic: غجر) is an Alawite village on the Hasbani River on the border between Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied area of the Golan Heights. It has a population of 2,000.
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Herati
http://wn.com/Herati -
Ili river
http://wn.com/Ili_river -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
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Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan -
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (also spelled Kazakstan, , Qazaqstan, قازاقستان, pronounced ; ), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country located in Central Asia and partially in East Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 km² is greater than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The capital was moved in 1997 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.
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Libya
Libya ( ; Libyan vernacular: Lībya ; Amazigh: ), officially the '''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ( , also translated as Socialist People's Libyan Arab Great Jamahiriya'''), is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
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Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (), is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with a population more than 14 million. Its capital is Bamako.
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Mauritania
Mauritania ( Mūrītāniyā; ; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; ), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in North Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the Roman province of Mauretania, even though the modern state covers a territory far to the southwest of the old province. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast.
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Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
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Niger
Niger ( or ; ), officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2, over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of just above 15,000,000 is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the nation. The capital city is Niamey.
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is also controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf (by the Arab nations on the Arab side of the gulf) or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, and Gulf of Basra by Turkey, although none of the latter three terms is recognized internationally.
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Sadu
Sadu () is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania, at the foothills of the Cindrel Mountains, 27 km south of the county capital Sibiu, in the Mărginimea Sibiului ethnographic area.
http://wn.com/Sadu -
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Sudan
Sudan (), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. The world's longest river, the Nile, divides the country between east and west sides.
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Tierra del Fuego
: "Land of Fire" redirects here. For info on the fictional nation, see World of Naruto.
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Tunisia
Tunisia (pronounced , ; Tūnis), officially the Tunisian Republic ( al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 km², with an estimated population of just over 10.3 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the north-east.
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Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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Wadi Rum
Wadi Rum () also known as The Valley of the Moon () is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in south Jordan at 60 km to the east of Aqaba. It is the largest wadi in Jordan. The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic root meaning 'high' or 'elevated'. To reflect its proper Arabic pronunciation, archaeologists transcribe it as Wadi Ramm. The highest elevation in Wadi rum is Mount Um Dami at more than 1800m above sea level.
http://wn.com/Wadi_Rum
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A Nomad's Life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:38
- Published: 04 Jun 2008
- Updated: 17 Mar 2012
A young Tibetan family questions whether their nomadic traditions can survive against the challenges of a rapidly modernizing world. For more information about this film and to take action, visit: www.mediathatmattersfest.org/8?id=9
http://wn.com/A_Nomad's_Life
Modern Nomads - Mongolia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:57
- Published: 16 Oct 2007
- Updated: 22 Mar 2012
Nov 1996 A look at how Mongolia's new capitalism has prompted a nomadic revival. On the grasslands, it's time to brand the wild ponies. Nomadic farmer, Jamts, is marking out his property. In post-communist Mongolia, nomads are once again permitted to own their own livestock. Inside their traditional ger tent, Jamts' wife, Dorj, prepares the day's fresh milk and cream. With skilful management of their resources, Jamts and Dorj have brought up 13 children. But as Mongolia heads for full blown capitalism, nomads now battle with powerful market forces. Jamts has thrived where many have failed because his enterprising nephew, Mendsaikhan, helps him sell produce in the city. Mendsaikhan takes Jamts' adult daughter, Pagma, back home for a visit. Far away from city nightclubs and medical student life, Pagma falls back into the nomadic routine. Haggling at the market, Mendsaikhan gets a good price for his uncle's sheepskins. Traders like he and Jamts can provide Mongolia's stumbling economy with much needed income. But government advisers believe that the nomadic lifestyle will inevitably collide with economic reform. Produced by ABC Australia Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
http://wn.com/Modern_Nomads__Mongolia
The Nomads - The King Of Night Train
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Published: 23 Sep 2006
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
The Nomads - The King Of Night Train Featuring Joey Ramone and Handsome Dick Manitoba on backing vocals.
http://wn.com/The_Nomads__The_King_Of_Night_Train
The NOMADS "I'm Not Like Everybody Else"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Published: 04 Apr 2009
- Updated: 18 Mar 2012
From "Outburst". Louder than the Kinks with more feedback, adds great depth to the song. We more than like it ! We LOVE IT !
http://wn.com/The_NOMADS_I'm_Not_Like_Everybody_Else
Nomads (trailer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Published: 06 May 2008
- Updated: 17 Mar 2012
Trailer of John McTiernan's Nomads
http://wn.com/Nomads_trailer
BBC American Nomads
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 89:00
- Published: 24 Dec 2011
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
Beneath the America we think we know lies a nation hidden from view - a nomadic nation, living on the roads, the rails and in the wild open spaces. In its deserts, forests, mountain ranges and on the plains, a huge population of modern nomads pursues its version of the American dream - to live free from the world of careers, mortgages and the white picket fence. When British writer Richard Grant moved to the USA more than 20 years ago it wasn't just a change of country. He soon found himself in a world of travellers and the culture of roadside America - existing alongside, but separate from, conventional society. In this film he takes to the road again, on a journey without destination. In a series of encounters and unplanned meetings, Richard is guided by his own instincts and experiences - and the serendipity of the road. Travelling with loners and groups, he encounters the different 'tribes' of nomads as he journeys across the deserts of America's south west.
http://wn.com/BBC_American_Nomads
The NOMADS " I'm Five Years Ahead Of My Time "
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Published: 04 Apr 2009
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
From Outburst an album way more than 5 years ahead of it's time.
http://wn.com/The_NOMADS__I'm_Five_Years_Ahead_Of_My_Time_
Twilight Score: Nomads
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:00
- Published: 25 Feb 2009
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
Nomads by Carter Burwell from the Twilight Score. Bits of this song are played multiple times, but the main time when this whole song is played is when James, Victoria, and Laurent interupt the Cullen's baseball game. No copyright infringement intended.
http://wn.com/Twilight_Score_Nomads
NOMADS - Pou Lanmou
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Published: 21 Feb 2007
- Updated: 21 Mar 2012
Extrait de l'abum NOMADS "The Challenge" : itunes.apple.com
http://wn.com/NOMADS__Pou_Lanmou
Desertification threatens Niger's nomads - 15 July 08
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Published: 15 Jul 2008
- Updated: 17 Mar 2012
The effects of global warming can be starkly seen in the Sahara desert, where Niger is one of the countries most vulnerable. Al Jazeera's May Welsh reports from the country, where she found a bedouin tribe fighting possible extinction.
http://wn.com/Desertification_threatens_Niger's_nomads__15_July_08
the Nomads - Wasn't born to work - live Sthlm 2007
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Published: 28 Aug 2007
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
More Nomads from the small "festival" in the Stockholm archipelago, place called Velamsund near Orminge.
http://wn.com/the_Nomads__Wasn't_born_to_work__live_Sthlm_2007
The Nomads - Be Nice (great 60's Texas Garage Punk) 1966
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Published: 02 Jun 2010
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
From Fort Worth Texas; this is their 2nd single which came with a picture sleeve, released in 1966 for Spotlite Records.
http://wn.com/The_Nomads__Be_Nice_great_60's_Texas_Garage_Punk_1966
Nomads Life: Eagle Hunter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:27
- Published: 12 Nov 2008
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
On 9th August 2008, the Nomads Life team headed to Sagsai, a 40km drive into the mountains from Bayan Ulgii to spend a few days with the Kazakh Eagle Hunters where they witnessed the training of young birds by Kazakh Nomads.
http://wn.com/Nomads_Life_Eagle_Hunter
The Nomads - Can't Keep My Mind Off You
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Published: 23 Sep 2006
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
The Nomads - Can't Keep My Mind Off You
http://wn.com/The_Nomads__Can't_Keep_My_Mind_Off_You
Nomads Revolt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 21 Apr 2009
- Updated: 22 Mar 2012
Nomad's Revolt- Mischief Brew
http://wn.com/Nomads_Revolt
Synaesthesia - Nomads
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Published: 11 Oct 2009
- Updated: 16 Mar 2012
www.discogs.com
http://wn.com/Synaesthesia__Nomads
High Llamas - "Nomads"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Published: 31 Oct 2006
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
music video for "Nomads" - High Llamas
http://wn.com/High_Llamas__Nomads
Nomads(1986)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Published: 03 Apr 2010
- Updated: 18 Mar 2012
"A nightmare by daylight." The trailer for Nomads starring Lesley-Anne Down, Pierce Brosnan, Anna Maria Monticelli, Adam Ant, Mary Woronov, Héctor Mercado, Josie Cotton, and Frank Doubleday. Directed by John McTiernan.
http://wn.com/Nomads1986
Pelicans : Outback Nomads - Documentary Full Film
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:12
- Published: 05 Aug 2011
- Updated: 09 Mar 2012
Pelicans : Outback Nomads, tells the dramatic story of one of Australia's greatest nomads. With its enormous beak and undignified waddle, the pelican is one of the most appealing and best-known birds in the world. These comical characters face the greatest challenges as they fly thousands of kilometres to the ghost lakes of the arid centre where, in a race against time, they raise their young before the water evaporates in the sweltering heat. Some birds are lucky and raise their families in time, for thousands of others, death threatens.
http://wn.com/Pelicans__Outback_Nomads__Documentary_Full_Film
Twilight Nomads
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Published: 17 Mar 2009
- Updated: 19 Feb 2012
Twilight Nomads Entrance
http://wn.com/Twilight_Nomads
the Nomads - Bangkok
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Published: 04 Feb 2007
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
the Nomads - Bangkok live at a private birthday party 2007.01.28 the Nomads doing an old Alex Chilton classic, sorry for the shakey video, they hadn't done this for ages and I just couldn't stand still! :D
http://wn.com/the_Nomads__Bangkok
The Nomads - Rat Fink A Boo Boo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Published: 05 Mar 2006
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
Live in Paris
http://wn.com/The_Nomads__Rat_Fink_A_Boo_Boo
Digital Nomads Defined
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Published: 12 Aug 2008
- Updated: 16 Nov 2011
This is a video that explains the concept behind a digital nomad—the driving force behind the DigitalNomads.com community.
http://wn.com/Digital_Nomads_Defined
AP / Sunday Alamba
AP / /Alfred de Montesquiou,
UN / Albert Gonzalez Farran
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
Creative Commons / MatthiasKabel
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
Creative Commons / Billy Hathorn
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
Creative Commons / Bernard Gagnon
Creative Commons
AP / Kevin Frayer
Public Domain / Dr. Blofeld![Pastoral nomads camping near Namtso in 2005. Approximately 40% of the ethnic Tibetan population is nomadic or semi-nomadic.[51]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120411060017im_/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/2c/1a/f7c189013caa338d338f273655f9_small.jpg "Pastoral nomads camping near Namtso in 2005. Approximately 40% of the ethnic Tibetan population is nomadic or semi-nomadic.[51]")
Creative Commons
US Coastguard / U.S. Coast Guard photo/U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Walnut![Hassocks viewed from the South Downs. The area first became a center of population around 20,000 years ago during the Stone Age[citation needed]]. These people were mostly nomadic until approximately 5,000 years ago](http://web.archive.org./web/20120411060017im_/http://cdn0.wn.com/pd/b7/90/33b7f48d5664890278812b7df089_small.jpg "Hassocks viewed from the South Downs. The area first became a center of population around 20,000 years ago during the Stone Age[citation needed]]. These people were mostly nomadic until approximately 5,000 years ago")
Creative Commons / Paste
Creative Commons / Yaan![A Tang period gilt-silver jar, shaped in the style of northern nomad's leather bag[56] decorated with a horse dancing with a cup of wine in its mouth, as the horses of Emperor Xuanzong were trained to do.[56]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120411060017im_/http://cdn0.wn.com/pd/5c/44/94db589b68d5af7028c342defd80_small.jpg "A Tang period gilt-silver jar, shaped in the style of northern nomad's leather bag[56] decorated with a horse dancing with a cup of wine in its mouth, as the horses of Emperor Xuanzong were trained to do.[56]")
Creative Commons
WN / Yeshe Choesang
WN / Yeshe Choesang
WN / Yeshe Choesang
WN / Yeshe Choesang
![Pastoral nomads camping near Namtso in 2005. Approximately 40% of the ethnic Tibetan population is nomadic or semi-nomadic.[51]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120411060017/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/2c/1a/f7c189013caa338d338f273655f9_medium.jpg "Pastoral nomads camping near Namtso in 2005. Approximately 40% of the ethnic Tibetan population is nomadic or semi-nomadic.[51]")
![Hassocks viewed from the South Downs. The area first became a center of population around 20,000 years ago during the Stone Age[citation needed]]. These people were mostly nomadic until approximately 5,000 years ago](http://web.archive.org./web/20120411060017/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/b7/90/33b7f48d5664890278812b7df089_medium.jpg "Hassocks viewed from the South Downs. The area first became a center of population around 20,000 years ago during the Stone Age[citation needed]]. These people were mostly nomadic until approximately 5,000 years ago")
![A Tang period gilt-silver jar, shaped in the style of northern nomad's leather bag[56] decorated with a horse dancing with a cup of wine in its mouth, as the horses of Emperor Xuanzong were trained to do.[56]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120411060017/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/5c/44/94db589b68d5af7028c342defd80_medium.jpg "A Tang period gilt-silver jar, shaped in the style of northern nomad's leather bag[56] decorated with a horse dancing with a cup of wine in its mouth, as the horses of Emperor Xuanzong were trained to do.[56]")
photo: AP / Aijaz Rahi
10 Apr 2012
Mahela Jayawardene and Kevin Pietersen, fierce rivals over the last fortnight of Test cricket in Sri Lanka, found time to exchange notes about the Indian Premier League during their common Colombo-New...
photo: AP / Rebecca Blackwell
07 Apr 2012
Under intense pressure from the nations bordering Mali, the junior officer who seized control of the country in a coup last month signed an accord late Friday, agreeing to return the nation to...
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RELATED LINKS
- 300 BCE
- A Thousand Plateaus
- Ababdeh
- Abdal
- Adivasi
- Afar people
- Afghanistan
- Alans
- Ancient Near East
- Andrew Sherratt
- Arab
- Arabci
- Arabian
- argot
- Asheq
- Badyanesin
- Baghdad
- Bakhtiari people
- Balatumani
- Baluch people
- Banjara
- Barfield
- Barton Gulch
- Bedouin
- begging
- Beja people
- Berber people
- bloodletting
- Borana Oromo people
- Bosha (Roma)
- Bruce Chatwin
- Bulgars
- Bushmen
- California
- Central Asian
- Chalu
- Changar
- Changi
- Changthang
- Chareshmal
- Chighalbf
- Chukchi people
- Comanches
- craft
- Crimean Tatars
- Cumans
- Dahae
- dairy products
- desert locust
- Dhangar
- Dmitri Bondarenko
- Dom people
- drought
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- ethnic group
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mediabistro
This week, Gilt Groupe is hiring a freelance retoucher, while Nomad Editions needs an art director. Runner’s World is on the hunt for an assistant art director, and Jones Lang...(size: 1.2Kb)
'I'm not attached to material things': Meet the nomadic billionaire who doesn't own a house, ...
07 Apr 2012
The Daily Mail
Hotel hopper: Billionaire business tycoon Nicolas Berggruen, pictured with designer Lindsey Steede last year, has chosen not to own a house because he's 'not interested' in material possessions Like most nomads, Nicolas Berggruen travels light. He doesn't own a house, car or even a watch and the few...(size: 7.9Kb)
Chicago Sun-Times
As a child in Highland Park, Nina Carden didn’t go to the typical summer camp. “I was 8 years old, looking for something to do, and the park district had a circus camp. Theater, dance, physicality appealed to me, and they all came together here,” she said. Those sessions had her hooked, and led to...(size: 2.4Kb)
Alain Gilles’ Portable Nomad Solar Lamp Is a Safe Lighting Solution for Developing Countries
06 Apr 2012
Inhabitat
Designed by Alain Gilles, the portable Nomad solar lamp provides a safe alternative to kerosene lamps which have been known to cause serious accidents in developing countries. Created especially for the families that do not have access to electricity, once fully charged, it...(size: 1.8Kb)
BBC News
Better late than never is the message from the decks of the SS Nomadic, after it missed the boat in terms of capitalising on the Titanic anniversary. While the new Titanic visitor attraction was selling out of tickets, Nomadic remained...(size: 1.6Kb)
Huffington Post
"I'm going to be the last herder of my family," said Erdenemunkh, a nomad living in Central Mongolia. We were sitting in his cozy ger -- or Mongolian yurt -- drinking salty milk tea, a staple of the Mongolian herding diet. "I'm going to do everything to send my kids to school," Erdenemunkh...(size: 8.2Kb)
Restaurant on our Radar: The NoMad
03 Apr 2012
Meet The Nomadic Collector
02 Apr 2012
PR Newswire
INNOVATIVE DESIGNER STEFANI DE LA O LAUNCHES NEW DIGITAL DESTINATION FOR CLIENTS & CREATIVES...(size: 3.9Kb)
Star Tribune
During the month of February, Twin Cities beer lovers were tweeting up a storm, posting photos of empty beer glasses. Why? The competition would crown the bar with the...(size: 1.1Kb)
Nomadic people (, ''nomádes'', "those who let pasture herds"), commonly known as itinerants in modern-day contexts, are communities of people who move from one place to another, rather than settling permanently in one location. There are an estimated 30-40 million nomads in the world. Many cultures have traditionally been nomadic, but traditional nomadic behavior is increasingly rare in industrialized countries. Nomadic cultures are discussed in three categories according to economic specialization: hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads, and "peripatetic nomads".
Nomadic hunting and gathering, following seasonally available wild plants and game, is by far the oldest human subsistence method.
Pastoralists raise herds, driving them or moving with them, in patterns that normally avoid depleting pastures beyond their ability to recover.
Peripatetic nomads, who offer the skills of a craft or trade to those they travel among, are most common in industrialized nations.
Hunter-gatherers
Many groups of 'nomadic' hunter-gatherers (also known as foragers) moved from campsite to campsite, following game and wild fruits and vegetables. Known examples include:
Pastoralism
:''See also nomadic pastoralism''
Pastoral nomads are nomads moving between pastures. Nomadic pastoralism is thought to have developed in three stages that accompanied population growth and an increase in the complexity of social organization. Karim Sadr has proposed the following stages:
The pastoralists are sedentary to a certain area, as they move between the permanent spring, summer, autumn and winter (or dry and wet season) pastures for their livestock. The nomads moved depending on the availability of resources.
Origin
Nomadic pastoralism seems to have developed as a part of the secondary products revolution proposed by Andrew Sherratt, in which early pre-pottery Neolithic cultures that had used animals as live meat ("on the hoof") also began using animals for their secondary products, for example, milk and its associated dairy products, wool and other animal hair, hides and consequently leather, manure for fuel and fertilizer, and traction.The first nomadic pastoral society developed in the period from 8500-6500 BC in the area of the southern Levant. There, during a period of increasing aridity, PPNB cultures in the Sinai were replaced by a nomadic, pastoral pottery-using culture, which seems to have been a cultural fusion between a newly arrived Mesolithic people from Egypt (the Harifian culture), adopting their nomadic hunting lifestyle to the raising of stock. This lifestyle quickly developed into what Jaris Yurins has called the circum-Arabian nomadic pastoral techno-complex and is possibly associated with the appearance of Semitic languages in the region of the Ancient Near East. The rapid spread of such nomadic pastoralism was typical of such later developments as of the Yamnaya culture of the horse and cattle nomads of the Eurasian steppe, or of the Greko-Mongol spread of the later Middle Ages.
Increase in the former Soviet Union
One of the results of the break-up of the Soviet Union and the subsequent political independence and economic collapse of its Central Asian republics has been the resurgence of pastoral nomadism. Taking the Kyrgyz people as a representative example nomadism was the centre of their economy prior to Russian colonization at the turn of the C19/C20, when they were settled into agricultural villages. The population became increasingly urbanized after World War II, but some people continued to take their herds of horses and cows to the high pasture (''jailoo'') every summer, i.e. a pattern of transhumance. Since the 1990s, as the cash economy shrank, unemployed relatives were absorbed back on the family farm, and the importance of this form of nomadism has increased. The symbols of nomadism, specifically the crown of the grey felt tent known as the yurt, appears on the national flag, emphasizing the centrality of their nomadic history and past in the creation of the modern nation of Kyrgyzstan.
Sedentarization
By 1920; nomadic pastoral tribes represented over a quarter of Iran's population. Tribal pastures were nationalized during the 1960s. The National Commission of UNESCO registered the population of Iran at 21 million in 1963, of whom two million (9.5%) were nomads. Although the nomadic population of Iran has dramatically decreased in the 20th century, Iran still has one of the largest nomadic populations in the world, an estimated 1.5 million in a country of about 70 million.In Kazakhstan where the major agricultural activity was nomadic herding, forced collectivization under Joseph Stalin’s rule met with massive resistance and major losses and confiscation of livestock. Livestock in Kazakhstan fell from 7 million cattle to 1.6 million and from 22 million sheep to 1.7 million. The resulting famine of 1931-1934 caused some 1.5 million deaths: this represents more than 40% of the total Kazakh population at that time.
In the 1950s as well as the 1960s, large numbers of Bedouin throughout the Middle East started to leave the traditional, nomadic life to settle in the cities of the Middle East, especially as home ranges have shrunk and population levels have grown. Government policies in Egypt and Israel, oil production in Libya and the Persian Gulf, as well as a desire for improved standards of living, effectively led most Bedouin to become settled citizens of various nations, rather than stateless nomadic herders. A century ago nomadic Bedouin still made up some 10% of the total Arab population. Today they account for some 1% of the total.
At independence in 1960, Mauritania was essentially a nomadic society. The great Sahel droughts of the early 1970s caused massive problems in a country where 85% of its inhabitants were nomadic herders. Today only 15% remain nomads.
As many as 2 million nomadic Kuchis wandered over Afghanistan in the years before the Soviet invasion, and most experts agreed that by 2000 the number had fallen dramatically, perhaps by half. The severe drought had destroyed 80% of the livestock in some areas.
Niger experienced a serious food crisis in 2005 following erratic rainfall and desert locust invasions. Nomads such as the Tuareg and Fulani, who make up about 20% of Niger's 12.9 million population, had been so badly hit by the Niger food crisis that their already fragile way of life is at risk. Nomads in Mali were also affected. In the great lakes region, a growing number of teenagers are taking on "nomadic" lifestyles. It differs from homelesness by the "nomads moving in groups of about 12 or 15 to a different house each night. One of the more famous nomads is Seirra Rhyno, who has become a sort of spokesperson for the lifestyle.
List
Peripatetic minorities
"Peripatetic minorities" are mobile populations moving among settled populations offering a craft or trade.
Europe
North America
Asia
In Turkey:In Iran:
In Afghanistan:
Most or all of these ethnonyms probably do not correspond to one community; many are locally or regionally used (sometimes as occupational names), others are used only by group members, and still others are used pejoratively only by outsiders.
For example, in Afghanistan, "Jat" is a pejorative term used generically by nonperipatetics to designate peripatetics belonging to at least six different communities. In Iran and Turkey, the terms "Ghorbati" and "Çingene" appear to be used in a similar fashion. Some of these ethnonyms are also encountered in other neighboring areas of the Middle East, the Balkans, or South Asia.
Each existing community is primarily endogamous, and subsists traditionally on a variety of commercial and/or service activities. Formerly, all or a majority of their members were itinerant, and this largely holds true today. Migration generally takes place within the political boundaries of a single state these days.
Each of the peripatetic communities is multilingual; it speaks one or more of the languages spoken by the local sedentary populations, and, additionally, within each group, a separate dialect or language is spoken. The latter are either of Indic or Iranian origin, and many are structured somewhat like an argot or secret language, with vocabularies drawn from various languages. There are indications that in northern Iran at least one community speaks Romani language, and some groups in Turkey also speak Romani.
In Afghanistan, the Nausar worked as tinkers and animal dealers. Ghorbat men mainly made sieves, drums, and bird cages, and the women peddled these as well as other items of household and personal use; they also worked as moneylenders to rural women. Peddling and the sale of various goods was also practiced by men and women of various groups, such as the Jalali, the Pikraj, the Shadibaz, the Noristani, and the Vangawala. The latter and the Pikraj also worked as animal dealers. Some men among the Shadibaz and the Vangawala entertained as monkey or bear handlers and snake charmers; men and women among the Baluch were musicians and dancers, and Baluch women also practiced prostitution. Jogi men and women had diverse subsistence activities, such as dealing in horses, harvesting, fortune-telling, bloodletting, and begging.
In Iran the Asheq of Azerbaijan, the Challi of Baluchistan, the Luti of Kurdistan, Kermānshāh, Īlām, and Lorestān, the Mehtar in the Mamasani district, the Sazandeh of Band-i Amir and Marv-dasht, and the Toshmal among the Bakhtyari pastoral groups worked as professional musicians. The men among the Kowli worked as tinkers, smiths, musicians, and monkey and bear handlers; they also made baskets, sieves, and brooms and dealt in donkeys. Their women made a living from peddling, begging, and fortune-telling. The Ghorbat among the Basseri were smiths and tinkers, traded in pack animals, and made sieves, reed mats, and small wooden implements. In the Fārs region, the Qarbalband, the Kuli, and Luli were reported to work as smiths and to make baskets and sieves; they also dealt in pack animals, and their women peddled various goods among pastoral nomads. In the same region, the Changi and Luti were musicians and balladeers, and their children learned these professions from the age of 7 or 8 years.
The nomadic groups in Turkey make and sell cradles, deal in animals, and play music. The men of the sedentary groups work in towns as scavengers and hangmen; elsewhere they are fishermen, smiths, basket makers, and singers; their women dance at feasts and tell fortunes. Abdal men played music and made sieves, brooms, and wooden spoons for a living. The Tahtacı traditionally worked as lumberers; with increased sedentarization, however, they have taken to agriculture and horticulture.
Little is known for certain about the past of these communities; the history of each is almost entirely contained in their oral traditions. Although some groups—such as the Vangawala—are of Indian origin, some—like the Noristani—are most probably of local origin; still others probably migrated from adjoining areas. The Ghorbat and the Shadibaz claim to have originally come from Iran and Multan, respectively, and Tahtacı traditional accounts mention either Baghdad or Khorāsān as their original home. The Baluch say they were attached as a service community to the Jamshedi, after they fled Baluchistan because of feuds.
See also
;Examples in industrialized nations
References
Further reading
* Category:Cultural anthropology Category:Simple living Category:Demography
ar:رحل az:Köç bs:Nomadi bg:Номади ca:Nòmada cs:Kočovnictví cy:Nomad de:Nomade et:Nomaadid es:Nómada eo:Nomado eu:Nomada fa:عشایر fr:Nomadisme fy:Nomade gl:Nómade hak:Yù-mu̍k mìn-chhu̍k ko:유목민 hi:बंजारा hr:Nomadi io:Nomado id:Nomaden is:Hirðingjar it:Popoli nomadi he:עמים ושבטים נוודים kk:Көшпенді халықтар la:Nomas lv:Klejotāji lt:Klajokliai hu:Vándorlás mk:Номади ms:Nomad nl:Nomade ja:遊牧民 no:Nomade nn:Nomade pl:Nomada pt:Nomadismo ro:Popoare migratoare ru:Кочевники scn:Numadismu simple:Nomadic people sl:Nomadi sr:Номадизам sh:Nomad fi:Nomadit sv:Nomader th:ชนร่อนเร่ tr:Göçebelik uk:Кочівники ur:خانہ بدوش zh:遊牧民族This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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Pelicans : Outback Nomads - Documentary Full Film
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Pelicans : Outback Nomads - Documentary Full Film
Pelicans : Outback Nomads, tells the dramatic story of one of Australia's greatest nomads. With its enormous beak and undignified waddle, the pelican is one of the most appealing and best-known birds in the world. These comical characte...
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