Coordinates: 53°27′22″N 2°14′24″W / 53.456°N 2.240°W / 53.456; -2.240

Moss Side
Alexandra Park Estate in Moss Side, looking towards the Beetham Tower
Moss Side  Moss Side shown within Greater Manchester
Population	17,537 (Manchester City Council, 2010)
OS grid reference	SJ835955
- London	162 mi (261 km) SE
Metropolitan borough	Manchester
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	MANCHESTER
Postcode district	M16, M14
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
EU Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Manchester Central
List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester

Moss Side is an inner-city area and electoral ward of Manchester, England. It lies 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of Manchester city centre and has a population of around 17,537. Moss Side is bounded by the neighbourhoods of Hulme (north), Chorlton-on-Medlock, Rusholme, Fallowfield, Whalley Range, and Old Trafford (west), going clockwise.

In and around Moss Side are the public parks of Whitworth Park and Alexandra Park. The east of Moss Side is close to the Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan universities and is a popular area for students to live.^[1] Between 1923 and 2003, Moss Side was the location of Manchester City's stadium, at Maine Road.

History[link]

Historically a part of Lancashire, Moss Side was formerly a rural township and chapelry within the parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford. Following the Industrial Revolution there was a process of unplanned urbanisation and a rapid increase in population size. The industrial growth of the area resulted in a densely populated area, so much so, that a part of the township of Moss Side was amalgamated into the expanding city of Manchester in 1885, with the rest joining in 1904.^[2]

Mass development in Moss Side occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when large numbers of red brick terraced houses were built, and soon attracted numerous Irish immigrants and other working people.

Manchester City F.C. moved to a new stadium on Maine Road on 25 August 1923, relocating from Hyde Road, Ardwick; on its opening it was one of the most capacious sports stadiums in the United Kingdom, capable of holding up to 85,000 spectators. The club would play there for the next 80 years.^[3]

During the Manchester Blitz of World War II many of the terraced houses were damaged by German bombing on the night of December 22/23 1940.

Migrants from the Indian subcontinent and Caribbean settled in the locality during the 1950s and 1960s, and by the 1980s Moss Side was the hub of Manchester's Afro-Caribbean community.^[4]

During the 1960s and early 1970s, Manchester City Council demolished many of the Victorian and Edwardian terraced houses to the west of Moss Side and replaced these with new residential properties.

In 1981, the Moss Side area was one of England's inner city areas affected by a series of riots. Analysts trace the 1970s origins of Manchester's gang crime to social deprivation in the south-central part of the city — Hulme, Longsight and Moss Side — where it was claimed to be difficult to make money by legitimate means, despite thousands of people in the area somehow managing it.^[4] A parallel trade in illegal narcotics and firearms gave rise to Manchester's nickname of "Gunchester".^[5] "Turf wars" between rival drugs 'gangs', resulted in a high number of fatal shootings.^[4] During what has been termed the Madchester phase of the history of Manchester, narcotic trade in the city became "extremely lucrative" and in the early 1990s a gang war started between two groups vying for control of the market in Manchester city centre — the 'Cheetham Hill Gang' and The 'Gooch Close Gang', in Cheetham Hill and Moss Side, respectively.^[6] There were several high profile shootings associated with gangs and drugs in this area during the 1990s and into the 21st century.^[5][7] The last gang related gun fatality in Moss Side was in 2006 ^[4]. Aided by the work of Xcalibre, the Greater Manchester Police's task force, founded in 2004, gang related shootings in the area have fallen by up to 90% in recent years.^[8][9][10]

Many of the flats in neighbouring Hulme were demolished in the late 1990s to make way for new low rise homes. Housing on the Alexandra Park Estate in the west of Moss Side has been renovated and the streets redesigned to reduce the fear of crime.^[11]

Governance[link]

Moss Side is a ward within the local authority of Manchester City Council. The ward is represented by Labour Councillors Sameen Ali, Alistair Cox and Roy Walters.^[12]

Moss Side is part of the Manchester Central constituency, represented by the Labour Party MP Tony Lloyd.

Geography[link]

Moss Side lies either side of the A5103 (Princess Road), the main road out of Manchester towards Northenden, Manchester Airport, the M56 motorway and Chester. Parallel to this is Alexandra Road, which continues as Alexandra Road South past Alexandra Park (Alexandra Road was formerly one of two main shopping streets in Moss Side). Landmarks on Princess Road are the Royal Brewery and the Princess Road Bus Depot, built originally for the tramways in 1909 and used by Stagecoach Manchester until 2010.^[13][14][15]

The western border of the Moss Side Ward is bounded in part by Withington Road. Parts of the eastern border are bounded by Wilmslow Road, where it meets Whitworth Park, and Parkfield Street. To the south the border includes Alexandra Park, Horton Road and part of Platt Lane. To the north the ward border mainly runs along Moss Lane East.^[16]

The built environment of Moss Side is broadly characterised as a high-density residential area. This includes mainly Victorian and Edwardian terraces to the east and centre, with more recent developments, primarily the Alexandra Park Estate, built in the 1970s to the west of Princess Road.

The Moss Side Sports and Leisure Complex (north of Moss Lane West) was upgraded for the 2002 Commonwealth Games and has a gym and a variety of other sporting facilities.

Neighbouring districts and places.

	Old Trafford	Manchester Hulme	Chorlton-on-Medlock
	Old Trafford Whalley Range		Rusholme
		Moss Side    East
	Whalley Range Chorlton-cum-Hardy	Fallowfield Withington	Fallowfield

Redevelopment and regeneration[link]

Great Western Street runs through the centre of Moss Side

View of Princess Road with, now demolished, Princess Road bus depot (with clock tower)

Wykeham Street with the Maine Place development in the background

Moss Side has benefited from very substantial redevelopment and regeneration over the past ten years (1997–2007) including improvement of the existing housing and residential environment along with several major housing projects currently in process or nearing completion. There has been considerable renovation of existing housing stock, such as local terrace housing and the Alexandra Park Estate, which has been ongoing since the late 1990s.^[11]

A large site on Great Western Street has been developed by"Moss Care Housing Ltd". http://www.mosscare.org.uk/.  to provide a mix of 2,3 and 4 bedroom properties, with different tenures, some rental and others offered as shared ownership or for sale.^[17]

The former Manchester City F.C. Maine Road site is in the process of redevelopment, marketed as Maine Place, primarily as 2,3 and 4 bedroom houses but including a limited number of flats, for sale or shared ownership, with many homes completed and occupied, along with a primary school, now open, and a health centre planned.^[18]

The Bowes Street area, adjoining Princess Road, has been redeveloped, at the cost of £17 million, including the renovation or transformation, with some new build, of 155 properties in five streets.^{[19][20][21][22][23]} Reported as being 'built or converted to a very high standard of eco-friendliness, with solar panels, water butts, thermal “skin” insulation and sun pipes being used' and aiming to offer 2, 3 and 4 bedroom homes with 'low running costs', the development plan states its aim, along with that at Maine Road, as being to provide mixed type 'higher specification' housing, 'diversify tenure' and promote the area as a 'neighbourhood of choice'.^[21][22]

Marketed as "'Infusion Homes'". http://www.infusionhomes.co.uk. , the properties were launched on the market on 26 February 2011. On May 9, sales demand was reported as strong, with 60% of the properties having been sold.^[24] On 11 May the development was awarded the UK's Best Affordable Housing Scheme at the national "Housing Excellence Awards 2011". http://www.housingexcellence.co.uk/events/winners-housing-excellence-awards-2011. .^[25]

Land adjacent to the development, formerly occupied by Bilsborrow primary school and the Stagecoach bus depot, both demolished as part of regeneration, remains vacant with no clear future use at present, though local community groups have short term plans to utilize the space for a gardening/food growing project. ^[26]

Industry[link]

There are currently two breweries in Moss Side. The Royal Brewery brewed Kestrel, McEwan's and Harp Lager but is now owned by Heineken for the production of Foster's Lager. Hydes Brewery brews traditional beers including Hydes' Bitter and the cask version of Boddingtons – the latter since the closure of the Strangeways Brewery in 2005. In January 2012, Hydes Brewery announced plans to move production to another site in the locality, later identified as being in Salford^[27][28].

The northern England office of "Aquatech Pressmain". http://www.aquatechpressmain.co.uk/. , which specialises in the 'supply of fluid pumping equipment to the Building Services, Process and Water Industries', is located in Moss Side.^[29]

The "Bridgewater Hospital". http://www.bridgewaterhospital.com/. , on Princess Road, is a private hospital that provides a range of healthcare treatments.

Royal Brewery, Moss Lane East

Moss Side is near the University of Manchester, the Manchester Royal Infirmary, and further north the Manchester Metropolitan University. In 2009, Manchester Metropolitan University announced its plan to construct a new £120m campus at Birley Fields in nearby Hulme.^[30][31]

Demography[link]

In 2007, the Moss Side ward was estimated to have a total population of 17,537, of which 8,785 were male and 8,752 were female.^[32] Moss Side is noted as an area with a greater population density and a faster population growth than other areas of the city of Manchester, with an increase of 17.4% between 2001 and 2007.^[32] The 'Moss Side ward profile: Version 2010/1', produced by Manchester City Council, points to a significant shift in the demography of Moss Side, in terms of age structure, from the middle of the last decade and projected into the middle of this decade, with more in the under 10 and 25–35 age groups, suggesting an increase in families with younger children.^[32] Other sources indicate an accompanying change in Moss Side's ethnic population, with an estimated marked percentage increase in the Black African, Indian, Chinese and Other communities between 2007 and 2015.^[33][34]

Changing age structure of the population[link]

Source: Manchester City Council: "Moss Side ward profile 2010/1". Manchester City Council. http://www.manchester.gov.uk/downloads/download/364/corporate_research_and_intelligence_population_publications. Retrieved 2010-10-16. 

Community[link]

Moss Side and neighbouring Hulme traditionally constitute the heart of Manchester's Black Caribbean community and a number of commercial and social organisations which cater for these communities are based in this area. Social organisations include the West Indian Sports and Social Club, the Chrysalis Project^[35] and the nearby "African Caribbean Mental Health Service". http://www.acmhs-blackmentalhealth.org.uk/. ^[36] Commercial organisations include Caribbean bakeries and patty shops, as well as grocery and clothes shops, mainly centred on Claremont and Princess Roads. The Caribbean Carnival of Manchester is held in Alexandra Park every August.^[37]

Moss Side is also home to a population with a keen interest in green politics and sustainable living, with initiatives such as the Moss Cider Project which promotes the production of cider from apples grown in Moss Side and the surrounding area.^[38]

Community groups include the "Cranswick Square Residents Group". http://cranswicksquare.wordpress.com.  located in the area around Cranswick Street and Broadfield Road in the centre of Moss Side. Founded in 2009, its stated aims include community involvement and improvement of the local environment, such as in taking ownership of open spaces.^[39] One such space, known as 'The Triangle', involved the community group in regenerating wasteground into a communal garden.^[40]

The "Millennium Powerhouse". http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/500136/local_libraries/812/moss_side_powerhouse_library/1. ^{[dead link]} youth service caters for 8–25 year olds and includes a music studio, fitness studio, dance studio, sports hall and offers information and advice to young people, including a library, along with recreational and sport groups.^[41] The Windrush Millennium Centre, which provides adult education and other community facilities, is on Alexandra Road

Education[link]

Manchester Academy school in Moss Side

In 2003, the Ducie High School was replaced by the independently run Manchester Academy with the aim of overcoming barriers to education and achievement faced by young people in the community. In April 2009, the Manchester Evening News reported the Academy has met with success in raising educational standards in the area and, by 2010, 81% of pupils achieved A*–C grades at GCSE, compared with 13% at the former Ducie High School.^[42][43] In November 2009, it won the "Academy Partnership Award". http://www.ebawards.co.uk/award-categories/3-awards-category-one/114-academy-partnership-award. at the UK "Education Business Awards". http://www.ebawards.co.uk. , whilst, in July 2010, Academy pupils were named as national debating finalists at the "Debate Mate". http://www.debatemate.com/.  competition at the House of Lords. In December 2010, it was reported that this 'once failing school' was 'now named as one of [the] UK's best'.^[44]

The area has two primary schools: St Mary's Church of England, Claremont, and the new "Divine Mercy RC Primary School". http://www.thedivinemercy.manchester.sch.uk/.  on the site of the former 'Maine Road' Manchester City F.C. football stadium which has been formed from the merger of St Edward's, and Bishop Bilsborrow Memorial Roman Catholic primary schools.^[19][45]

The Windrush Millennium Centre on Alexandra Road provides facilities for courses of college and adult education, including some run by the City College Manchester and Manchester College of Arts and Technology. Manchester City Council runs the "Greenheys Adult Learning Centre". http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/500016/adult_learning_centres/394/greenheys_adult_learning_centre/1/.  on Upper Lloyd Street.^[46]

Religion[link]

Christ Church, Moss Side

Moss Side Good Friday walk crossing Princess Road

The original St James's Church (Church of England), Princess Road, was built in 1887–88 (architect John Lowe): of red brick in the Perpendicular revival style. This has now been replaced by a modern brick building which also contains offices used by local community groups.

Christ Church, Lloyd Street North, is an Anglican church of 1899–1904 by W. Cecil Hardisty and is a Grade II* listed building as of 24 April 1987.^[47]

There are two Roman Catholic churches, the Church of Divine Mercy, a Polish church founded in 1961, which is on Moss Lane East; and the Church of Our Lady (founded 1949). The Polish church occupies a former Methodist chapel built about 1875 in the neo-Gothic style and contains stained glass windows commemorating victims of the Holocaust. It is a few yards south of Christ Church.^[48][49][50]

The former Swedenborgian Church is also of 1888 and neo-Gothic in style.^[51]

Sports[link]

From 1923, Moss Side was the location of Manchester City F.C.'s stadium at Maine Road which on several occasions in its early years drew crowds of more than 80,000. However its capacity was gradually reduced over the years and by the mid-1990s it held just under 35,000 spectators all seated. Plans to rebuild the stadium to seat 45,000 were abandoned in favour of moving to the City of Manchester Stadium. Maine Road has since been demolished and a mixed development of two-, three-, and four-bedroom houses, flats, a health centre and a primary school has been built on the site.^[18]

Notable people[link]

The author Anthony Burgess, although born in Harpurhey, lived in Moss Side as a child.^[52] The political activist Emmeline Pankhurst was born in Moss Side.^[53]

Notes[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• "Black History trail". http://www.actsofachievement.org.uk/blackhistorytrail/mossprint.php. 
• "Caribbean Carnival of Manchester". http://www.caribbeancarnivalofmanchester.co.uk/. 
• "GENUKI article on Moss Side". GENUKI. http://www.genuki.org.uk:8080/big/eng/LAN/MossSide/. Retrieved 2009-04-25. 

The Temple of Apollo is located at the end of Side's peninsula.

Side (Greek: Σίδη Side, Turkish: Side) was an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, in the region of Pamphylia, in what is now Antalya province, on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. It is now a resort town and one of the best-known classical sites in Turkey, near Manavgat and the village of Selimiye, 75 km from Antalya) in the province of Antalya.^[1]

It is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River. Today, as in antiquity, the ancient city is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across.

History[link]

Strabo and Arrian both record that Side was founded by Greek settlers from Cyme in Aeolis, a region of western Anatolia. This most likely occurred in the 7th century BC. Possessing a good harbour for small-craft boats, Side's natural geography made it one of the most important places in Pamphylia and one of the most important trade centres in the region. According to Arrian, when settlers from Cyme came to Side, they could not understand the dialect. After a short while, the influence of this indigenous tongue was so great that the newcomers forgot their native Greek and started using the language of Side. Excavations have revealed several inscriptions written in this language. The inscriptions, dating from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, remain undeciphered, but testify that the local language was still in use several centuries after colonisation. Another object found in the excavations at Side, a basalt column base from the 7th century BC and attributable to the Neo-Hittites, provides further evidence of the site's early history. The name Side is Anatolian in origin and means pomegranate.

Next to no information exists concerning Side under Lydian and Persian sovereignty.

Alexander the Great[link]

The Great Gate in the middle of Side's main street.

Temple of Apollo detail.

Alexander the Great occupied Side without a struggle in 333 BC. Alexander left only a single garrison behind to occupy the city. This occupation, in turn, introduced the people of Side to Hellenistic culture, which flourished from the 4th to the 1st century BC. After Alexander's death, Side fell under the control of one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy I Soter, who declared himself king of Egypt in 305 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Side until it was captured by the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. Yet, despite these occupations, Side managed to preserve some autonomy, grew prosperous, and became an important cultural centre.

In 190 BC a fleet from the Greek island city-state of Rhodes, supported by Rome and Pergamum, defeated the Seleucid King Antiochus the Great's fleet, which was under the command of the fugitive Carthaginian general Hannibal. The defeat of Hannibal and Antiochus the Great meant that Side freed itself from the overlord-ship of the Seleucid Empire. The Treaty of Apamea (188 BC) forced Antiochus to abandon all European territories and to cede all of Asia Minor north of the Taurus Mountains to Pergamum. However, the dominion of Pergamum only reached de facto as far as Perga, leaving Eastern Pamphylia in a state of uncertain freedom. This led Attalus II Philadelphus to construct a new harbour in the city of Attalia (the present Antalya), although Side already possessed an important harbour of its own. Between 188 and 36 BC Side minted its own money, tetradrachms showing Nike and a laurel wreath (the sign of victory).

In the 1st century BC, Side reached a peak when the Cilician pirates established their chief naval base and a centre for their slave-trade.

Romans[link]

The consul Servilius Vatia defeated these brigands in 78 BC and later the Roman general Pompey in 67 BC, bringing Side under the control of Rome and beginning its second period of ascendancy, when it established and maintained a good working relationship with the Roman Empire.^[2]

Emperor Augustus reformed the state administration and placed Pamphylia and Side in the Roman province of Galatia in 25 BC, after the short reign of Amyntas of Galatia between 36 and 25 BC. Side began another prosperous period as a commercial centre in Asia Minor through its trade in olive oil. Its population grew to 60,000 inhabitants. This period would last well into the 3rd century AD. Side also established itself as a slave-trading centre in the Mediterranean. Its large commercial fleet engaged in acts of piracy, while wealthy merchants paid for such tributes as public works, monuments, and competitions as well as the games and gladiator fights. Most of the extant ruins at Side date from this period of prosperity.

One of the maps (portolani) of Piri Reis, taken from the Kitab-i Bahriye, which Piri produced in several editions, supplementing in 1520, but integrating it into subsequent editions.

Decline[link]

Side began a steady decline from the 4th century on. Even defensive walls could not stop successive invasions of highlanders from the Taurus Mountains. During the 5th and 6th centuries, Side experienced a revival, and became the seat of the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia. Arab fleets, nevertheless, raided and burned Side during the 7th century, contributing to its decline. The combination of earthquakes, Christian zealots and Arab raids, left the site abandoned by the 10th century, its citizens having emigrated to nearby Antalya.^[2]

In the 12th century, Side temporarily established itself once more as a large city. An inscription found on the site of the former ancient city shows a considerable Jewish population in early Byzantine times. However, Side was abandoned again after being sacked. Its population moved to Antalya, and Side became known as Eski Adalia ("Old Antalya") and was buried.

A hospital dating back to the 6th century.

This portion of the main street in Side is lined with the ruins of homes or shops, many of which feature their original mosaic tile flooring.

Ruins[link]

The great ruins are among the most notable in Asia Minor. They cover a large promontory where a wall and a moat separate it from the mainland. During medieval times, the wall and moat were repaired and the promontory houses a wealth of structures.

There are colossal ruins of a theatre complex, the largest of Pamphylia, built much like a Roman amphitheatre that relies on arches to support the sheer verticals. The Roman style was adopted because Side lacked a convenient hillside that could be hollowed out in the usual Greek fashion more typical of Asia Minor. The theatre is less preserved than the theatre at Aspendos, but it is almost as large, seating 15,000 - 20,000 people. With time and the shifting of the earth, the scena wall has collapsed over the stage and the proscenium is in a cataract of loose blocks. It was converted into an open-air sanctuary with two chapels during Byzantine times (5th-6th c.)

The well-preserved city walls provide an entrance to the site through the Hellenistic main gate (Megale Pyle) of the ancient city, although this gate from the 2nd century BC is badly damaged. Next comes the colonnaded street, whose marble columns are no longer extant; all that remains are a few broken stubs near the old Roman baths. The street leads to the a public bath, restored as a museum displaying statues and sarcophagi from the Roman period. Next is the square agora with the remains of the round Tyche and Fortuna temple (2nd c. BC), a periptery with twelve columns, in the middle. In later times it was used as a trading centre where pirates sold slaves. The remains of the theatre, which was used for gladiator fights and later as a church, and the monumental gate date back to the 2nd century. The early Roman Temple of Dionysus is near the theatre. The fountain gracing the entrance is restored. At the left side are the remains of a Byzantine Basilica. A public bath has also been restored.^[2]

The remaining ruins of Side include three temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. Side's nymphaeum – a grotto with a natural water supply dedicated to the nymphs – was an artificial grotto or fountain building of elaborate design.

There is also a virtually unknown, but expansive site, up in the Taurus foothills, several miles inland, known locally as Selacleure. Virtually unknown to the outside world and not represented on the internet at all, it is the Roman garrison, built by Mark Anthony, to support the city of Side. It covers at least a couple of square miles and is almost completely unexcavated, apart from two weeks in 1975, when the Turkish government funded two weeks of excavations. The site was, apparently, finally abandoned in the seventh century, when an earthquake caused the spring which fed the site with water to dry up completely. Many of the buildings are in remarkably good shape, particularly since, due to the lack of available stone, a significant quantity of the sites stonework contains egg and gravel based concrete blocks.

Turkish archaeologists have been excavating Side since 1947 and intermittently continue to do so.^[3]

Today[link]

In 1895 Turkish Muslim^[4][5][6] refugees from Crete moved to the ruined town and called it Selimiye. Today, Side has become a popular holiday destination and experiences a new revival.

It was a popular spot for watching the solar eclipse of March 29, 2006.

Having been the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia, it is still a titular see of the Roman Catholic church.

See also[link]

• Coinage of Side
• Manavgat Waterfall
• Oymapinar Dam
• Philip of Side
• Saint Probus of Side
• Sidetic language

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Side (Turkey)

• About Side and Manavgat
• Excellent Pictures - Pictures Of Side and Manavgat
• Side photos with explanations
• Hazlitt, Classical Gazetteer, "Side"
• Acceptable pictures of the museum, 105 of them
• Not bad pictures of the town, 230 of them
• Side Turkey Guide for UK Travellers

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

v t e Ancient settlements in Turkey Aegean Aegae Aizanoi Alabanda Alinda Allianoi Amorium Amyzon Antioch on the Maeander Apamea in Phrygia Aphrodisias Apollonia in Mysia Atarneus Bargylia Beycesultan Caloe Caryanda Celaenae Ceramus Colophon Cyme Didyma Docimium Ephesus Erythrae Euromus Gambrion Gryneion Halicarnassus Hierapolis Iasos Karmylissos Kaunos Klazomenai Knidos Labraunda Laodicea on the Lycus Latmus Lebedus Limantepe Magnesia on the Maeander Metropolis Miletus Myndus Myriandrus Myus Notion Nysa Oenoanda Orestias Pepuza Pergamon Perperene Phocaea Pinara Pitane Priene Sardis Sigeion Smyrna Stratonicea in Lydia Stratonicea in Caria Temnos Teos Tymion Black Sea Alaca Höyük Comana in the Pontus Euchaita Hattusa Hüseyindede Tepe Ibora Laodicea Pontica Nerik Nicopolis Pompeiopolis Salatiwara Samuha Sapinuwa Tripolis Yazılıkaya Zaliches Central Anatolia Alişar Hüyük Binbirkilise Çatalhöyük Derbe Dorylaeum Gordium Heraclea Cybistra Irenopolis Kaman-Kalehöyük Kerkenes Kültepe (Kanesh) Laodicea Combusta Mokissos Nyssa Pessinus Purushanda Tavium Tyana Eastern Anatolia Altıntepe Ani Melid Sugunia Tushpa Marmara Aegospotami Alexandria Troas Apamea Myrlea Apollonia on the Rhyndax Apros Assos Cardia Cebrene Chalcedon Cius Cyzicus Drusipara Faustinopolis Germanicopolis Lysimachia Nicomedia Sestos Skepsis Troy (Hisarlik) Mediterranean Alalakh Anazarbus Antigonia Antioch on the Orontes Antioch in Pisidia Antiochia Lamotis Antioch on the Cragus Antioch on the Pyramis Aphrodisias of Cilicia Ariassos Arsinoe Arycanda Aspendos Comana in Cappadocia Corycus (Kızkalesi) Cremna Cyrrhus Domuztepe Elaiussa Sebaste Epiphania Gözlükule Hacilar Irenopolis Issus Kandyba Karatepe Kibyra Mallus Mamure Castle Mezgitkale Mopsuestia Myra Olba Patara Perga Phaselis Rhosus Sagalassos Seleucia in Pamphylia Seleucia Pieria Seleucia Sidera Selge Side Sillyon Soli Sozopolis Tell Tayinat Termessos Tlos Xanthos Yumuktepe Southeastern Anatolia Antioch in the Taurus Antioch in Mesopotamia Apamea on the Euphrates Carchemish Çayönü Dara Edessa Göbekli Tepe Harran Kussara Nevalı Çori Sakçagözü Sam'al Samosata Sareisa Seleucia at the Zeugma Sultantepe Tille Tushhan Zeugma

Coordinates: 36°46′00″N 31°23′20″E / 36.7666667°N 31.38889°E / 36.7666667; 31.38889

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Bishop Hezekiah Xzavier Walker, Jr. (born December 24, 1962, in Brooklyn, New York^[1][2]) is a Grammy Award-winning gospel music artist, founder and leader of the Love Fellowship Choir (LFC), and Pastor and Bishop of the Love Fellowship Tabernacle, with locations in Brooklyn, New York, and Bensalem, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Bishop Walker is also the Founder and Overseer of the Covenant Keepers International Fellowship, which spiritually covers, giving guidance and direction to, numerous pastors and their churches in the US - including multiple Love Fellowship Tabernacle - The Kingdom Church, with locations throughout the US and in South Africa.

Biography[link]

Walker is the visionary, founder, and Bishop of the Love Fellowship Tabernacle - The Kingdom Church churches, with locations in Brooklyn, New York, and Bensalem, Pennsylvania, in the US. As pastor, he shepherds a growing and multi-cultural flock of members varying in age, race, and socio-economic background. Born and raised in Brooklyn in the tumultuous Fort Greene public housing projects, he has risen to found, build, and lead a significant ministry.

Beginnings[link]

He catapulted into recognition in 1985 for his singing ability with the Grammy Award-winning Love Fellowship Crusade Choir. It was his travels with the Crusade Choir that enabled him to reach people from all walks of life who he had never encountered while growing up in the projects. This, unbeknownst to him at the time, would be the start of his pastoral training, for many of his choir members would eventually become his church members. It was under the tutelage of Pastor Wilbur Jones, of the Beulah Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ, and Bishop Kenneth H. Moales, the Presiding Prelate of the Pentecostal Churches of Jesus Christ, that Walker received his confirmation and ordination into the pastoralship.

Birthing of the Love Fellowship Tabernacle and "Pastor Walker"[link]

Love Fellowship Tabernacle was birthed in April 1994, located at 2425 Pacific Street, under the leadership of Elder Hezekiah Walker; which is the cradle of the Tabernacle with its humble beginnings of only eight members. The church, located in the East New York section of Brooklyn, congregated with young adolescent parishioners was dedicated to winning souls for Christ. As a result, many young people turned from a life of drugs, crime, and sin because of his ability to preach, teach, and “rightly divide” the Word of God without fear or reservation. The messages were, and still are, hardcore that the rap world responded to the realness of it and deemed him as the “Pastor of Hip Hop.” In the first year of the church’s ministry, Peter Jennings of ABC World News Tonight, covered a report on the 30% drop in crime in the East New York area because of the existence of Love Fellowship Tabernacle, according to the local 73rd and 75th precincts. Walker received an award from the local precincts and was also cited in 1995 by the Council of the City of New York for his outstanding work in the community.

Expansion of the Pastoral Ministry[link]

The need for souls to be saved was always a priority for Walker, so on Easter Sunday 1996 Love Fellowship Tabernacle relocated to 464 Liberty Avenue. What had begun with only eight members had quickly blossomed to over 2,000 plus members. The vision God gave to Walker was founded on the three “P’s:” Prayer, Preaching, and Praise. As he led the people of God into prayer and praise, he labored diligently in the preaching of the gospel to ensure that people of all ages receive Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. His ability to motivate, inspire, and empower through the Word of God drew people from all walks of life to Tuesday night’s prayer and Bible study, now known as the “Prayer Capital of New York City.” Presently, Walker and the Love Fellowship Tabernacle church family are seeking the Lord for a mega-church facility to accommodate the overflow of souls in Brooklyn.

Recognizing the need for God’s power to be manifested throughout the nation, Walker, in 1998, established the Love Fellowship Tabernacle in Willingboro, New Jersey. Shortly thereafter in November 2000, it relocated to a beautiful edifice at 5918 Hulmeville Road in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, a 2.4-acre facility.He is also the Overseer of Love Fellowship Tabernacle Kunjolo Ministries located in Capetown, South Africa

Ministry associations[link]

Walker is ministering nationally and internationally at churches, revivals, convocations, and conferences and is repeatedly asked to share with some of today’s most dynamic ministries. He has been alongside Bishop Kenneth H. Moales, Sr., Bishop T.D. Jakes, Bishop Noel Jones, Bishop John Francis, Dr. Marvin L. Sapp, Pastor Marvin L. Winans, Pastor Shirley Caesar, Pastor John P. Kee, Pastor Jackie McCullough, Pastor Rod Parsley, and Dr. Juanita Bynum.

Education[link]

Walker attended Long Island University, majoring in Sociology. He also attended Hugee Theological Seminary, and the New York School of the Bible. Currently, he is attending the Philadelphia Biblical University in Langhorne, PA. Walker is the president and founder of the Love Fellowship Bible Institute

Elevation: "Overseer Walker"[link]

On December 18, 2003, Walker was ordained Overseer by the Honorable, The Late Bishop Kenneth H. Moales Sr., during the 10th Founders Week Celebration of the Love Fellowship Tabernacle. In his new elevation, Walker began a covenant relationship with other pastors in the northeast of the US, and in South Africa, under the title of the Covenant Keepers International Fellowship.

Elevation: "Bishop Walker"[link]

On August 3, 2008, during the 89th International Holy Convocation of the Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith, Inc. in Atlanta, Georgia, Walker, after 14 years of pastoring one of the fastest-growing churches in the New York City area and in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, and having fellowship churches in Long Island, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and recently a Love Fellowship Tabernacle “The Kingdom Church” in Cape Town, South Africa, was chosen to be consecrated into the bishopric by Bishop William L. Bonner, Chief Apostle of the Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith, Inc., and Senior Pastor of the Greater Refuge Temple COOLJC (the organization's headquarters church) in Harlem, New York.

"Pastor Walker is a son of the Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ," said Bonner, adding he recently heard Walker preach, and was "impressed with the appeal Pastor Walker had in drawing a younger generation into the Kingdom of God." "This honor means so much to me but also to my churches. Words cannot express how I feel to receive this elevation from Bishop William L. Bonner, truly this is a blessing from God,” stated Walker.

In December 2008 Bishop Walker received his affirmation to the Bishopric by The Late Bishop Kenneth H. Moales Sr., Presiding Bishop of the Pentecostal Churches of Jesus Christ and was appointed 1st Vice Bishop of that reformation during Holy Convocation 2009.

Elevation: "Presiding Prelate of the Pentecostal Churches of Jesus Christ"[link]

On June 12, 2011, Bishop Walker was officially enthroned and installed as the Presiding Prelate of the Pentecostal Churches of Jesus Christ, as the successor to His Grace, The Late Bishop Kenneth H. Moales, Sr.

Chief Consecrators were Bishop J. Delano Ellis, Bishop Alfred Owens, and Apostle Huie Rogers. Bishop John Francis of London, England, delivered the homily.

Bishop Walker states, “We were in our Annual Convocation (2010),” recalled Bishop Walker, “and Bishop Moales was ministering about succession. He was saying that many leaders fail because they don’t have a succession plan. Then, at the end of his message, he turned and began to set things in order. He told us, ‘If God should call me home, this is what I want done.” He told us what to do for his wife (Lady Peggy Moales), and what to do for his home church (Prayer Tabernacle, Bridgeport, CT). Then he looked at all the pastors and he looked at me and said, ‘Bishop Walker will become the new prelate of the Pentecostal Churches of Jesus Christ.’ I was in a total state of shock!”

Eight months later, Bishop Moales died.

Slogan of the Bishop[link]

Bishop Walker remains confident in this one fact: “And Because God Is The Greatest Power, We Shall Not Be Defeated!”

Musical career[link]

Walker has released several albums on the music labels; Sweet Rain Records, Benson Music Group, and Verity Records as Hezekiah Walker & The Love Fellowship Crusade Choir, Hezekiah Walker & The Love Fellowship Choir, and more recently (since 2005) as, Hezekiah Walker & LFC.

Walker's efforts have seen him win Grammy Awards for Best Gospel Album By Choir Or Chorus twice: once for Live in Atlanta at Morehouse College (1994), and once for Love Is Live! (2001).

Separate from The Love Fellowship Choir, Walker's Love Fellowship Tabernacle Choir (LFT Church Choir) has released albums entitled Recorded "Live" at Love Fellowship Tabernacle in 1998, and Love Is Live in 2001.

Extensions of musical career[link]

In 2003, Walker wrote his first book, entitled Destiny: Dream It, Declare It, Do It, published by Whitaker House.

Walker is also the host of his own radio show, Afternoon Praise, which airs during weekdays from 2pm-7pm on the only 24-hour Gospel Station in New York City, 1190 WLIB.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• I'll Make It (Sweet Rain, 1987)
• Oh Lord We Praise You (Sweet Rain, 1990)
• The Best of Hezzie (Sweet Rain, 1991)
• Focus On Glory (Benson, 1992)
• Live In Toronto (Benson, 1993)
• Live in Atlanta at Morehouse College (Benson, 1994)
• Gospel Greats (Benson, 1995)
• Live In New York - By Any Means... (Benson, 1995)
• Live In London at Wembley (Verity, 1997)
• Pastor Hezekiah Walker Presents The LFT Church Choir - Recorded "Live" at Love Fellowship Tabernacle (Verity, 1998)
• Family Affair (Verity, 1999)
• LFT Church Choir - Love Is Live: at Love Fellowship Tabernacle; Hezekiah Walker, Pastor (Verity, 2001)
• Family Affair II: Live at Radio City Music Hall (Verity, 2002)
• Nothing But The Hits (Verity, 2003)
• 20/85 The Experience (Verity, 2005)
• The Essential Hezekiah Walker (Verity, 2007)
• Souled Out (Verity, 2009)
• The Very Best of Hezekiah Walker (Verity, 2010)
• The Very Best of Hezekiah Walker - Live (Verity, 2011)

Personal life[link]

Bishop Walker is a family man and the father of one child; daughter, KyAsia Monét Walker.

External links[link]

• Love Fellowship Official Website
• Hezekiah Walker Ministries Official Website
• Verity Records Official Website
• 1190 WLIB - Your Praise & Inspiration Station Official Website

References[link]

Dorinda Clark-Cole (born Dorinda Grace Clark) is a two-time Grammy Award winning American evangelist and gospel singer. She is best known as a member of The Clark Sisters and as a daughter of pioneering choral director Mattie Moss Clark.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, to the late, Elbert and Dr. Mattie Moss-Clark, Clark-Cole began singing at an early age with her sisters Karen, Twinkie, Jacky, and Denise. The sisters sang in their father's church and usually performed songs written and composed by their mother. Clark-Cole, who is referred to as the "jazzy sister" of the group, helped develop what is known as "The Clark Sound", which often features high and fast melismas, riffs, runs, scats, and soulful growls. Dorinda attributes her fiery, convicting singing style to her mother, who saw the gift of singing and preaching in her at an early age. Back in the 1960s and 70’s, when other children their age were playing outside, Dorinda and her sisters had to work on their now famous familial harmonies. She says, “We made a lot of sacrifices. My mom was a stickler for making sure we rehearsed before we went out to perform. She saw the gifts and talents within us and started shaping and molding us. She taught us discipline along with how to use our gifts.” Dorinda sang lead on "Overdose Of The Holy Ghost", "My Reedemer Liveth" the B-side to The Clark Sisters' biggest single "You Brought the Sunshine"^[2]

Recording career[link]

Clark-Cole's self-titled solo debut Dorinda Clark-Cole, released in June 2002 on Gospo Centric Records/Zomba Label Group, won two Stellar Awards and a Soul Train Lady of Soul Award (Best Female Gospel Artist). The album featured the hit single "I'm Coming Out". Her second album, released under the same label, The Rose of Gospel, was released in August 2005. The album debuted in Billboard’s Top 5 and garnered a Grammy Nomination for the Best Traditional Soul Gospel album & won 2007 and 2009 Stellar Award for the “Best Female Artist of The Year”. The live portions of both albums were produced by Asaph Ward, famous for his work with Kim Burrell, who counts Dorinda as well as the Clark Sisters as a direct vocal influence.

After being pushed back from a prematurely stated date in fall 2007,^[3] Dorinda Clark-Cole's third solo CD also released on Gospo Centric Records/ Zomba Label Group, Take It Back was released on April 15, 2008.^[4] Producers Alex "Asaph" Ward, PAJAM, and Rodney Jerkins contributed to the project. Dorinda^[when?] released a six song (EP) album entitled In The Face Of Change in September 21. It included hit songs such as "Change" written by her son Jay Cole and "BAMM" which was a “Verizon Select”. Released on her own ministry label, "Harvestime Ministries", the album was never heard of until she announced it the day of its release. A video on YouTube has a preview of all of the new songs on the record.^[5] Her latest release, another solo project entittled "I Survived" with the hit's "Back to You", and "He Brought Me", was released in August 2011 under a new label, Light Records. The project also consists of a duet titled, "Thank You" with her sister Twinkie Clark.

Dorinda was featured on the title track of Kirk Franklin's Hero album.^[6]

In early spring of 2009, Dorinda received the honor of performing Nothing but the Truth for the Sojourner Truth unveiling on Capitol Hill for 1st Lady Michelle Obama and other officials. Dorinda's solo career continues to progress with the newly established deal with Light Records.

As a member of the world renowned Clark Sisters, Dr. Cole won three Grammys in 2008. Live - One Last Time won the Best Traditional Gospel Album. Its album track "Blessed & Highly Favored" won the Best Gospel Performance as well as the individual Best Gospel Song. With the group she appeared nationally on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, ABC's "The View", Bobby Jones Gospel, Lift Every Voice, Gospel Superfest, TBN’s Praise the Lord, The Stellar Award and The Lady of Soul Awards.

Personal and Religious life[link]

Clark-Cole has been evangelizing and juggling hundreds of speaking engagements annually for over twenty years, along with her singing career and being a wife and mother. She is married to Elder Gregory Cole and together they have 2 children, Nikkia Cole-Beach and Gregory Jr. (Jay Cole). In March 2011, Nikkia and husband Deon Beach Sr., gave birth to a son Deon Beach Jr. making this Dorinda's first grandchild, whom she often publicly rejoices about. She ministers nationally as well as internationally in countries such as England, Japan, Germany, France, Korea and South Africa. She made history in South Africa, having been the first woman to minister in the pulpit to over 4,000 people.

In addition to being a recording artist and evangelist, Clark-Cole is a prominent figure in the Church of God in Christ of which she is a licensed National Evangelist, assistant supervisor of women, for the Michigan North Central Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of the Church of God in Christ and Assistant Elect Lady of the COGIC's International Evangelism Department. She was an administrator and instructor at the Clark Conservatory of Music in Detroit (founded by Mattie Moss Clark in 1979) and is an administrator of ministry at the Greater Emmanuel Institutional COGIC, pastored by her brother-in-law, Bishop J. Drew Sheard.

Clark-Cole makes it known that she hasn’t always been at such a joyous place in her life by testifying about a very trying time in her life when she once contemplated suicide. She recounts, “At that time my mother was not with me to help me get through that rough time. We were always dependent on our mom because she was always there… I didn’t understand why it was happening to me…It was very devastating. And it caused me to go into a state of depression…I just couldn’t take it anymore and I got into my car and I began to drive to the river. I was about to drive my car off the bridge. And while I was right there…the enemy was speaking to me, so I had a war going on. I began to drive and accelerate up to 80 miles per hour. God spoke to me just as plain as day and said, ‘Dorinda, are you going to let everything that has been invested in you go down the drain?’ And when I heard God’s voice, I began to take my foot off the accelerator and the car started coasting right to the bridge. And the Lord whispered to me and said, ‘Peace be unto you.’ And that’s when I grabbed the steering wheel and I said, Lord I thank you. I began to weep and cry. So if it had not been for God keeping me, right then I would have been doomed and consumed. I want it to reach those who are strung out on drugs. I want them to be able to hand it over to other drug abusers and say listen to it and have it bless their lives.”

Other Career Ventures & Accomplishments[link]

She is the new host of TCT Network’s Dorinda Show, co-host of TCT’s Celebrate on the Road, former Stellar Awards host, guest judge on Verizon's "How Sweet The Sound" national televised competition, the former spokes model for Donna Vinci Clothing and her “Rose Collection” is now distributed by Terra Mina Fashions. She has since partnered with MR. SONG, an immaculate fashion designer of Detroit, in creating The Bloom Collection, a couture collection of hat adorning accessories. She is also the Founder and CEO of Lifeline Productions Inc., which holds an annual Singers & Musicians Conference. Through this conference it is her goal to educate a new generation of ministers of the importance of “keeping ministry in the music” by offering various activities including daily workshops and evening worship services featuring from artists whose ministries have gone beyond ministering in song. In September 2004 she received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity from Mt. Carmel Theological Seminary of Fresno, CA. It was rumored that in 2011, Clark-Cole would be playing Kia Radisson in The Marriage Lover, but it never happened.

Dorinda says that if she did not have a career in music that she would be "dancing on Broadway," and her dream would be "to sing with Bette Midler, Cher and Celine Dion".^[7]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Dorinda Clark-Cole (2002)
• Live From Houston: The Rose of Gospel (2005)
• Take It Back (2008)
• In The Face Of Change (EP)(2009)
• I Survived (2011)

Singles[link]

• "No Not One (featuring J Moss)" (2002)
• "I'm Coming Out" (2002)
• "Still Here" (2002)
• "Great Is The Lord" (2005)
• "So Many Times" (2005)
• "Take It Back" (2008)
• "Change" (2009)
• "This Is It" (2009)
• "Back to You"(2011)
• "He Brought Me" (2011)
• "God Will Take Care of You" (2011)
• "For My Good" (2011)
• "Thank You (Feat. Twinkie Clark)

Other[link]

• "Hero (featuring Dorinda Clark Cole)" - Kirk Franklin (from Hero)
• "Tis So Sweet" - Dorinda Clark Cole (from Build A Bridge)
• "Higher Ground" - Missy Elliott, Karen Clark Sheard, Kim Burrell, Mary Mary, Dorinda Clark Cole, and Yolanda Adams (from Miss E... So Addictive) (Elektra, 2001)
• "It Will All Be Worth It" - Mary Mary feat. Gospel Legends (from The Sound)
• "Im Wrapped in You (featuring Dorinda Clark Cole)" - Bishop Eddie L. Long (from The Kingdom, Vol. 1 (feat. GW's))
• "Still Mighty, Still Strong (feat. Dorinda Clark Cole)" - Youthful Praise, Resting On His Promise (2009)

Videography[link]

• Dorinda Clark Cole Live (2003)
• Live From Houston: The Rose of Gospel (2007)

Filmography[link]

• The Marriage Lover (2011)
• The Dorinda Show

References[link]

External links[link]

• The Clark Space
• Dorinda Clark Cole on MySpace
• Dorinda Clark Cole Fan Club on Myspace
• The Clark Sisters' Official Website (Source of Dorinda Clark Cole's biography)
• GospoCentric Records Official Website
• Dorinda Clark Cole Official Site
• Dr. Dorinda Clark Cole's Annual Singers and Musicians Conference Official Site

Juicy J
Juicy J (front) performing with Three 6 Mafia bandmate DJ Paul.
Background information
Birth name	Jordan Houston
Origin	Memphis, Tennessee
Genres	Hip hop, dirty south, gangsta rap, crunk, horrorcore
Occupations	Rapper, Record producer, Actor, Screenwriter, Songwriter
Years active	1990–present
Labels	Taylor Gang, Columbia, Hypnotize Minds
Associated acts	Three 6 Mafia, DJ Paul, Project Pat, Young Buck, Wiz Khalifa, Lex Luger
Website	juicyjofthree6mafia.com

Jordan Houston, better known by his stage name Juicy J (born April 5, 1977) is an Academy Award-winning American rapper and record producer from Memphis, Tennessee and is the co-founder and a member of the duo Three 6 Mafia (formerly known as Triple Six Mafia). He is also the younger brother of fellow member, Project Pat.^[1] His second solo album, Hustle Till I Die,^[2] was released June 16, 2009. He won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp". In December 2011 Juicy J confirmed rumors that he was the newest member of Wiz Khalifa's "Taylor Gang." He is featured with other members of Taylor Gang on the cover of Source Magazine's May 2012 issue.

Juicy J is most notable for his crunk style of rapping, highlighted by his patented "heavy-breathing" and "stomping" background sound effects. Juicy J's production style is characterized by fast-rolling high hats, sharp snares, and deep cinematic bass. He also incorporates samples from classic soul artists such as Willie Hutch, David Ruffin, and Isaac Hayes.

Guest appearances[link]