Clean-up is a part of the workflow in the production of hand-drawn animation, in which "clean" versions of the "rough" animation drawings are produced.

The first drawings are called "roughs" or "rough animation" because they are often done in a very loose fashion. If the animation is successfully pencil tested and approved by the director, clean versions of the drawings have to be done. In larger studios this task is given to the animator's assistant, or, in a more specialised setting, to a clean-up-artist. The artist doing the clean-ups has to have better execution than the animator, and he has to painstakingly follow the model sheets of the characters.

Clean-ups generally are done on a new sheet of paper. They can be done on the same sheet as the rough animation if this was done with a "non-copy blue" pencil. This certain tone of blue will be invisible for photocopying machines or grayscale scanners, where the finished animation will be copied on cels or transferred into a computer for further processing.

External links

Helpful Hints For CleanUp notes at AnimationMeat.com

Category:Animation techniques

Name	Betty Wright
Background	solo_singer
Born	December 21, 1953 Miami, Florida, United States
Birth name	Bessie Regina Norris
Years active	1956–present
Genre	R&B;, soul, gospel, funk, disco
Associated acts	The Echoes of Joy, Peter Brown, Joss Stone, Gloria Estefan, Angie Stone, Tom Jones

Bessie Regina Norris, better known by her stage name, Betty Wright (born December 21, 1953), is a Grammy winning Miami-based soul and R&B; singer-songwriter, who won fame in the 1970s with hits such as "Clean Up Woman" and "Tonight Is the Night". A pioneering singer-songwriter and entrepreneur, she remains one of the few black female musicians to have a gold record on her own vanity label.

Early life and career

Born Bessie Regina Norris on December 21, 1953, Wright was the youngest of seven children to Rosa Akins Braddy-Wright and her second husband, McArthur Norris. Wright began her professional career at the age of two when her siblings formed the gospel group, the Echoes of Joy

In 2006, Wright appeared on the TV show Making the Band as a vocal coach, appointed by Sean Combs, for new female group Danity Kane. She now mentors several young singers and has done vocal production for such artists as Gloria Estefan, Jennifer Lopez and Joss Stone. Along with co-producers Steve Greenberg and Michael Mangini, Wright was nominated for a 2005 Grammy Award in the "Best Pop Album" category for producing Joss Stone's Mind, Body & Soul LP. Wright, Greenberg and Mangini also produced two tracks on Tom Jones's 2008 album "24 Hours": A cover of Bruce Springsteen's "The Hitter" and "More Than Memories," written by Stax legend Carla Thomas. In December 2010, Wright was giving another Grammy Award nomination for the song, "Go", on the Best Traditional R&B; Vocal Performance. In January 2011, it was announced that Wright would release her first album in ten years.

Legacy

Several of Wright's works have been sampled over the years by hip-hop, rock and R&B; musicians. The riff from "Clean Up Woman" has been sampled constantly by acts such as Afrika Bambaattaa, SWV, Mary J. Blige and Sublime. Wright's first hit, "Girls Can't Do What Guys Do", was sampled for Beyoncé's "Upgrade U". Another hugely sampled song has been "Tonight Is the Night". The song was first sampled (in both the original studio and live versions) in 1990 by rapper Candyman, on his one-hit wonder, "Knockin' Boots". In 1992, Wright sued the producers behind Color Me Badd's breakthrough hit, "I Wanna Sex You Up", after claiming they used the sample of her live version without clearance and without permission, and sued for royalties. Wright won her case with Wright winning 35 percent of royalties for writing the song. Other artists who sampled "Tonight is the Night" include DJ Quik, who sampled the song on his first released single, "Tonite". Her cover of the song, "Shoorah! Shoorah!", which she recorded in 1974, was used in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy movie. The song, which was written by Allen Toussaint and first recorded by Frankie Miller, also appears on the soundtrack to the second series of the UK Channel 4 comedy drama, No Angels. In 2002, the underground Hip-Hop artist RJD2 used a sample from Wright's 1974 hit "Secretary" in his most commercially successful track, "Ghostwriter". "Ghostwriter" has since gone on to be used in multiple advertisements and commercials.

Personal life

On 24 December 2005, her 21-year-old son Patrick Parker was shot and killed after a dispute at a Christmas party in Opa-locka, a Miami suburb. Wright's mother Rosa recently passed away in September 2010 at the age of 85.

Wright currently resides in her hometown of Miami.

Discography

Albums

My First Time Around (1968)

I Love The Way You Love (1972)

Hard To Stop (1973)

Danger High Voltage (1974)

Explosion! (1976)

This Time For Real (1977)

Live (1978)

Travelin' In The Wright Circle (1979)

Betty Wright (1981)

Wright Back At You (1983)

Sevens (1987)

Mother Wit (1988)

4u2njoy (1989)

Passion & Compassion (1990)

B-Attitudes (1994)

Fit for A King (2001)

Singles

1966: "Thank You Baby"

1966: "Paralyzed"

1968: "Girls Can't Do What Guys Do" (#33 U.S., #15 R&B;)

1970: "Pure Love" (#40 R&B;)

1971: "Clean Up Woman" (#6 U.S., #2 R&B;)

1972: "Baby Sitter" (#46 U.S., #6 R&B;)

1972: "Is It You, Girl?" (#18 R&B;)

1972: "I'm Gettin' Tired Baby" (#42 R&B;)

1973: "It's Hard to Stop (Doing Something When It's Good to You)" (#72 U.S., #11 R&B;)

1973: "Let Me Be Your Lovemaker" (#55 U.S., #10 R&B;)

1973: "It's Bad for Me to See You" (#66 R&B;)

1974: "Secretary" (#62 U.S., #12 R&B;)

1975: "Where is the Love?" (#96 U.S., #15 R&B;, #2 Disco, #2 Club Play, #25 UK)

1975: "Tonight is the Night" (#28 R&B;)

1975: "Shoorah! Shoorah!" (#28 R&B;, #27 UK)

1976: "Slip and Do It" (#21 R&B;)

1976: "If I Ever Do Wrong" (#23 R&B;)

1977: "Life" (#64 R&B;)

1977: "You Can't See for Lookin'" (#73 R&B;)

1978: "Dance With Me" (with Peter Brown) #5 R&B;, #8 pop)

1978: "Tonight is the Night, Pts. 1 & 2 (live)" (#11 R&B;)

1979: "Lovin' Is Really My Game" (#68 R&B;)

1979: "My Love Is" (#48 R&B;)

1981: "What Are You Gonna Do With It?" (#42 R&B;, #61 Dance)

1981: "Goodbye You Hello Him" (#65 R&B;)

1983: "She's Older Now" (#22 R&B;)

1986: "Pain" (#42 UK)

1988: "No Pain, No Gain" (#14 R&B;)

1988: "After the Pain" (#57 R&B;)

1989: "From Pain to Joy" (#39 R&B;)

1989: "Quiet Storm" (#88 R&B;)

1989: "Keep Love New" (#71 R&B;)

1990: "How 'Bout Us" (with Grayson Hugh) (#30 R&B;, #67 pop)

1994: "For Love Alone" (#98 R&B;)

2007: "Baby" (with Angie Stone) (#22 R&B;, #3 Dance)

References

External links

Soul Patrol page on Betty Wright

[ Betty Wright biography] at Allmusic website

Wright albums on Alston/Atlantic/TK-Records

Betty Wright Myspace

Story of Betty Wright by The Chancellor of Soul (Mike Boone)

Category:1953 births Category:1950s singers Category:1960s singers Category:1970s singers Category:1980s singers Category:1990s singers Category:2000s singers Category:2010s singers Category:Living people Category:African American female singers Category:African American musicians Category:African American singers Category:American child singers Category:American funk singers Category:American gospel singers Category:American rhythm and blues musicians Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters Category:American record producers Category:American soul musicians Category:American soul singers Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Musicians from Florida Category:Musicians from Miami, Florida Category:People from Miami, Florida Category:Songwriters from Florida

Name	Esther Hicks
Caption	Esther and Jerry Hicks in 2007
Birth date	March 5th 1948
Birth place	Utah
Residence	San Antonio, Texas
Other names	Abraham
Known for	Author and public speaker for Abraham-Hicks teaching
Occupation	Author
Home town	Coalville, Utah
Spouse	Jerry Hicks
Children	Tracy Geer Ayers
Website	www.abraham-hicks.com

Esther Hicks (born Esther Weaver) is an American inspirational speaker and best-selling author. She has co-authored nine books with her husband Jerry Hicks, presents workshops on the Law of Attraction and appeared in the first release of the film The Secret. The Hicks' books, including the best-selling series The Law of Attraction, are — according to Esther Hicks — "translated from a group of non-physical entities called Abraham (Hicks describes what she is doing as tapping into "infinite intelligence").

Biography

Esther Hicks was born 1948 in Coalville, Utah. In 1980, she married her current husband, a successful Amway distributor, Jerry Hicks.

Film

Esther Hicks was a narrator and star of the original version of the film The Secret. Hicks earned over $500,000 for her work and was reportedly a central source of the film's inspiration.

The footage featuring Hicks was removed from the later "Extended Edition" after the film's creator Rhonda Byrne, who has been involved in contractual disputes and litigation regarding the film, asked to rescind the original contract covering Hicks' participation, leading Hicks to withdraw completely from the project.

Abraham–Hicks Publications has subsequently posted a video on YouTube which explains Hicks' decision to discontinue her involvement with The Secret.

Books

Hay House, Inc. published the Hicks' best-selling book, Ask and It is Given, in September, 2004. Since that book they have also published five more New York Times Best-Sellers: The Amazing Power of Deliberate Intent (January, 2006), The Law of Attraction (October, 2006), The Astonishing Power of Emotions (September, 2008), Money and the Law of Attraction: Learning to Attract Health, Wealth & Happiness which ranked #1 two weeks after its release in August 2008 and The Vortex: Where the Law of Attraction Assembles All Cooperative Relationships. A series of fictional children's books, Sara I, II, and III, is also available. Several of their books were translated into Spanish, French, Italian, German, Dutch, Czech, Slovenian, Slovak, Serbian and Russian.

* A New Beginning I: Handbook for Joyous Survival, by Jerry and Esther Hicks. Published by Abraham–Hicks Publications, 5th edition, 1988. ISBN 0962121932.

A New Beginning II: A Personal Handbook to Enhance Your Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness, by Jerry and Esther Hicks. Published by Abraham–Hicks Publications, 1991. ISBN 0962121916.

Sara and the Foreverness of Friends of a Feather, by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Abraham–Hicks Publications, 1995. ISBN 0962121940.

Ask and It Is Given: Learning to Manifest Your Desires by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2005. ISBN 1401907997.

The Amazing Power of Deliberate Intent: Living the Art of Allowing, by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Contributor Louise L. Hay. Published by Hay House, 2005.ISBN 1401906958.

The Law of Attraction: The Basics of the Teachings of Abraham Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2006. ISBN 1401912273.

Sara, Book 1: Sara Learns the Secret about the Law of Attraction, by Esther and Jerry Hicks, Illustr. by Caroline S. Garrett. Published by Hay House, 2007. ISBN 1401911587.

Sara, Book 2: Solomon's Fine Featherless Friends, by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Illustr. by Caroline S. Garrett. Published by Hay House Inc, 2007. ISBN 1401911595.

Sara, Book 3: A Talking Owl Is Worth a Thousand Words!, by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Illustr. by Caroline S. Garrett. Published by Hay House Inc, 2008. ISBN 1401911609.

Money and the Law of Attraction: Learning to Attract Health, Wealth & Happiness by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2008. ISBN 1401918816.

The Vortex: Where the Law of Attraction Assembles All Cooperative Relationships by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2009. ISBN 1401918751.

Getting Into The Vortex: Guided Meditations CD and User Guide [Hardcover] by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Release date November 15, 2010. Published by Hay House, 2009. ISBN 9781401931698.

See also

Channelling (mediumistic)

Jane Roberts

References

External links

Abraham–Hicks Official Website

Abraham–Hicks officially released videos on YouTube

Introductory Tape as an MP3 download on the official Abraham–Hicks site — A 75 minute introductory audio released under the Creative Commons license. It summarizes how the Hicks' were introduced to Abraham.

Category:Living people Category:American children's writers Category:American metaphysics writers Category:American spiritual teachers Category:American spiritual writers Category:Channellers Category:New Thought writers Category:New Age authors Category:Spiritual mediums Category:People from San Antonio, Texas Category:1948 births