- published: 26 Oct 2009
- views: 9440
- author: 401RoadWarrior
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- 1900s (decade)
- Abilene, Texas
- Adult Hits
- AeroMexico
- Alan McGraw
- Albany, Texas
- Alice, Texas
- Alpine, Texas
- Amarillo, Texas
- American Civil War
- Americo Paredes
- Amigoland Mall
- Anahuac, Texas
- Anderson, Texas
- Andrews, Texas
- Angleton, Texas
- Annise Parker
- Anson, Texas
- Antonio Garza
- Archer City, Texas
- Area code 956
- Arecaceae
- Ark-La-Tex
- Arlington, Texas
- Arroyo City, Texas
- Aspermont, Texas
- Athens, Texas
- Austin, Texas
- Azteca 7
- Azteca America
- Bagdad, Tamaulipas
- Baird, Texas
- Ballinger, Texas
- Bandera, Texas
- Bastrop, Texas
- Battle of Palo Alto
- Bay City, Texas
- Baytown, Texas
- Bayview, Texas
- Beaumont, Texas
- Becky Ames
- Beeville, Texas
- Bellville, Texas
- Belton, Texas
- Benjamin, Texas
- Beth Van Duyne
- Betsy Price
- Big Bend (Texas)
- Big Lake, Texas
- Big Spring, Texas
- Bill Keffler
- Bill Whitfield
- Bixby, Texas
- Boerne, Texas
- Bonham, Texas
- Boston, Texas
- Brackettville, Texas
- Brady, Texas
- Brazos Valley
- Breckenridge, Texas
- Brenham, Texas
- Brownfield, Texas
- Brownsville Affair
- Brownsville, Texas
- Brownwood, Texas
- Bryan, Texas
- Buddy Garcia
- Burnet, Texas
- Caldwell, Texas
- Cameron County, TX
- Cameron Park, Texas
- Cameron, Texas
- Canadian, Texas
- Canton, Texas
- Canyon, Texas
- Carrollton, Texas
- Carthage, Texas
- CBS
- Census
- Center, Texas
- Centerville, Texas
- Central Texas
- Channing, Texas
- Charles England
- Charles Stillman
- Charro Days
- Childress, Texas
- City
- City Council
- City limits
- City Manager
- City of Brownsville
- Clarendon, Texas
- Clarksville, Texas
- Claude, Texas
- Cleburne, Texas
- Climate of Texas
- Coldspring, Texas
- Coleman, Texas
- Colorado
- Colorado City, Texas
- Columbus, Texas
- Comanche, Texas
- Combes, Texas
- Conroe, Texas
- Convergys
- Cooper, Texas
- Corsicana, Texas
- Cortina Troubles
- Cotulla, Texas
- County seat
- Crane, Texas
- Crime in Texas
- Crockett, Texas
- Crosbyton, Texas
- Cross Timbers
- Crowell, Texas
- Crystal City, Texas
- Cuero, Texas
- Culture of Texas
- Daingerfield, Texas
- Dalhart, Texas
- Dallas
- Dallas County, Texas
- Daylight saving time
- Dean Ueckert
- Debra McCartt
- Decatur, Texas
- Del Rio, Texas
- Denison, Texas
- Denton, Texas
- Denver, Colorado
- Diabetes
- Dickens, Texas
- Dimmitt, Texas
- Dumas, Texas
- Eagle Pass, Texas
- East Texas
- Eastland, Texas
- EBay
- Economy of Texas
- Eddie Lucio, Jr.
- Edinburg, Texas
- Education in Texas
- Edwards Plateau
- Efren Saldivar
- El Paso
- El Paso, Texas
- Eldorado, Texas
- Emory, Texas
- Everglades, Florida
- Fairfield, Texas
- Falfurrias, Texas
- Farwell, Texas
- Federico Peña
- Festival
- Floresville, Texas
- Florida
- Floydada, Texas
- Fort Brown
- Fort Davis, Texas
- Fort Hood
- Fort Myers, Florida
- Fort Stockton, Texas
- Fort Worth, Texas
- Franklin, Texas
- Frederick Steele
- Gail, Texas
- Gainesville, Texas
- Galveston, Texas
- Garden City, Texas
- Garland, Texas
- Gatesville, Texas
- Geography of Texas
- George West, Texas
- Georgetown, Texas
- Ghost town
- Giddings, Texas
- Gilmer, Texas
- Gladys Porter Zoo
- Glen Rose, Texas
- Goldthwaite, Texas
- Goliad, Texas
- Gonzales, Texas
- Government of Texas
- Graham, Texas
- Granbury, Texas
- Grand Acres, Texas
- Grand Prairie, Texas
- Greenville, Texas
- Groesbeck, Texas
- Groveton, Texas
- Guthrie, Texas
- H-E-B
- Hallettsville, Texas
- Hamilton, Texas
- Harlingen, Texas
- Harlingen, TX
- Haskell, Texas
- Hawaii
- Hebbronville, Texas
- Hemphill, Texas
- Hempstead, Texas
- Henderson, Texas
- Henrietta, Texas
- Hepatitis
- Hereford, Texas
- Hillsboro, Texas
- History of Texas
- Hondo, Texas
- Houston
- Huntsville, Texas
- Indian Lake, Texas
- Interstate 69
- Irving, Texas
- Island Breeze
- Jack FM
- Jacksboro, Texas
- James Carlos Blake
- Jasper, Texas
- Jayton, Texas
- Jefferson, Texas
- Joe Adame
- John Cook (El Paso)
- John Monaco
- John Salmon Ford
- Johnny Isbell
- Johnson City, Texas
- José de Escandón
- Jourdanton, Texas
- JSTOR
- Juan Cortina
- Julian Castro
- Julian Schnabel
- Junction, Texas
- Karnes City, Texas
- Kaufman, Texas
- Keppel AmFELS
- Kermit, Texas
- Kerrville, Texas
- KGBT-TV
- KHID
- Killeen, Texas
- Kingsville, Texas
- KLUJ-TV
- KMBH (TV)
- KMBH-FM
- KNVO-TV
- KNWS-LP
- Kountze, Texas
- KRGV-TV
- Kris Kristofferson
- Kristian Menchaca
- KTLM
- KVEO-TV
- KXFX-CA
- La Feria, Texas
- La Grange, Texas
- La Paloma, Texas
- Lago, Texas
- Laguna Vista, Texas
- Lamesa, Texas
- Lampasas, Texas
- Languages of Texas
- Lanham Lyne
- Laredo
- Laredo, Texas
- Lasana, Texas
- Latino (U.S. Census)
- Laureles, Texas
- Leakey, Texas
- Lee Leffingwell
- Levelland, Texas
- Lewisville, Texas
- Liberty, Texas
- Linden, Texas
- Lipscomb, Texas
- List of countries
- Littlefield, Texas
- Livingston, Texas
- Llano Estacado
- Llano, Texas
- Lockhart, Texas
- Longview, Texas
- Los Fresnos, Texas
- Los Indios, Texas
- Los Zetas
- Lozano, Texas
- Lubbock, Texas
- Lufkin, Texas
- Madisonville, Texas
- Manufacturing
- Marfa, Texas
- Mark Burroughs
- Marlin, Texas
- Marriage
- Marshall, Texas
- Mason, Texas
- Matador, Texas
- Mayor
- McAllen
- McAllen, Texas
- McAllen, TX
- McKinney, Texas
- Memphis, Texas
- Menard, Texas
- Mentone, Texas
- Meridian, Texas
- Mertzon, Texas
- Mesquite, Texas
- Metropolitan area
- Mexican American War
- Mexican Revolution
- Mexican-American War
- Mexico
- Mexico City
- Miami, Texas
- Midland, Texas
- Mike Rawlings
- Mission, Texas
- Monahans, Texas
- Montague, Texas
- Morton, Texas
- Mount Vernon, Texas
- Muleshoe, Texas
- Nacogdoches, Texas
- NAFTA
- NBC
- New Braunfels, Texas
- Newton, Texas
- Norm Archibald
- North Texas
- Northeast Texas
- NPR
- Nuevo Santander
- Obesity
- Odessa, Texas
- Olmito, Texas
- Orange, Texas
- Osage Plains
- Ozona, Texas
- Paducah, Texas
- Paint Rock, Texas
- Palestine, Texas
- Palo Pinto, Texas
- Pampa, Texas
- Panhandle, Texas
- Paris, Texas
- Pasadena, Texas
- Pearsall, Texas
- Pecos, Texas
- Performance Today
- Perryton, Texas
- Phil Dyer
- Piney Woods
- Pittsburg, Texas
- Plains, Texas
- Plainview, Texas
- Plano, Texas
- Politics of Texas
- Population density
- Port Arthur, Texas
- Port Isabel, Texas
- Port Lavaca, Texas
- Port of Brownsville
- Portal Texas
- Post, Texas
- Primera, Texas
- Quanah, Texas
- Quitman, Texas
- Rancho Viejo, Texas
- Rangerville, Texas
- Rankin, Texas
- Ratamosa, Texas
- Raul G. Salinas
- Raymondville, Texas
- Refugio, Texas
- Reynaldo G. Garza
- Reynosa, Tamaulipas
- Richard F. Cortez
- Richard Nixon
- Richardson, Texas
- Richmond, Texas
- Rio Grande
- Rio Grande Valley
- Rio Hondo, Texas
- Robert Cluck
- Robert Lee, Texas
- Roby, Texas
- Rockport, Texas
- Rocksprings, Texas
- Rockwall, Texas
- Ron Branson
- Ronald E. Jones
- Round Rock, Texas
- Rusk, Texas
- San Angelo, Texas
- San Antonio
- San Augustine, Texas
- San Benito, Texas
- San Deigo
- San Diego, Texas
- San Luis Potosí
- San Marcos, Texas
- San Pedro, Texas
- San Saba, Texas
- Sanderson, Texas
- Santa Maria, Texas
- Santa Rita, Texas
- Santa Rosa, Texas
- Sarita, Texas
- Seguin, Texas
- Seminole, Texas
- Seymour, Texas
- Shelbie Bruce
- Sherman, Texas
- Shopping mall
- Siege of Fort Texas
- Sierra Blanca, Texas
- Silverton, Texas
- Simon Property Group
- Sinton, Texas
- Snyder, Texas
- Soil pH
- Soil salinity
- Solis, Texas
- Sombrero Festival
- Sonora, Texas
- South Padre Island
- South Plains
- South Point, Texas
- South Texas
- Southeast Texas
- Spearman, Texas
- Sports in Texas
- Spring training
- St. Louis Cardinals
- Stanton, Texas
- Steel industry
- Stephenville, Texas
- Sterling City, Texas
- Stinnett, Texas
- Stratford, Texas
- Sugar Land, Texas
- Sweetwater, Texas
- Tahoka, Texas
- Tamaulipas
- Telefutura
- Telemundo
- Televisa Regional
- Template talk Texas
- Template Texas
- Temple, Texas
- Texarkana, Texas
- Texas
- Texas Coastal Bend
- Texas cuisine
- Texas Hill Country
- Texas literature
- Texas Panhandle
- Texas Revolution
- Texas State Senate
- The Collegian
- The Monitor (Texas)
- The Real World
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Throckmorton, Texas
- Tierra Bonita, Texas
- Tilden, Texas
- Time (magazine)
- Time zone
- Timothy L. Hancock
- Town
- Trans-Pecos
- Tuberculosis
- Tulia, Texas
- Tyler, Texas
- U.S. Highways
- U.S. Route 281
- U.S. Route 77
- U.S. Route 83
- U.S.-Mexico border
- Ulysses S. Grant
- Unincorporated area
- Union Pacific
- United Airlines
- United States
- Univision
- UTC-5
- UTC-6
- Uvalde, Texas
- Valley Morning Star
- Van Horn, Texas
- Vega, Texas
- Vernon, Texas
- Victoria, Texas
- Villa del Sol, Texas
- Villa Pancho, Texas
- Virginia DuPuy
- Waco, Texas
- Walmart
- Waxahachie, Texas
- Weatherford, Texas
- Wellington, Texas
- Wes Perry
- Weslaco, TX
- West Texas
- Wharton, Texas
- Wheeler, Texas
- White Christmas
- Wichita Falls, Texas
- Wikisource
- Woodville, Texas
- XERV-TV
- XHAB-TV
- XHOR-TV
- XHRIO-TV
- Yznaga, Texas
- Zachary Taylor
- Zapata, Texas
- ZIP code
-
Abilene, Texas
Abilene (
/ˈæbəliːn/ AB-ə-leen) is a city in Taylor and Jones counties in west central Texas. The population was 117,063 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Abilene Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2006 estimated population of 158,063. It is the county seat of Taylor County.Dyess Air Force Base is located on the west side of the city.
Abilene is located off Interstate 20, between exits 279 on its western edge and 292 on the east. Abilene is 150 miles (240 km) west of Fort Worth, Texas. The city is looped by I-20 to the north, US 83/84 on the west, and Loop 322 to the east. A railroad divides the city down the center into north and south. The historic downtown area is on the north side of the railroad.
The fastest-growing sections of the city are growing to the southwest, along Southwest Drive, the Winters Freeway, and the Buffalo Gap Road corridor; the southeast, along Loop 322, Oldham Lane, Industrial Drive, and Maple Street; and in the northeast near the intersection of SH 351 and I-20. Many developments have begun in these three areas within the last few years. There are three lakes in the city, Lytle Lake on the western edge of Abilene Regional Airport, Kirby Lake on the southeast corner of the US 83/84 & Loop 322 interchange, and Lake Fort Phantom Hill in Jones County in north Abilene.
wn.com/Abilene,_Texas -
Albany, Texas
Albany is a city in Shackelford County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,034 at the 2010 Census. It is the county seat of Shackelford County.
Established in 1873, Albany was named by county clerk William Cruger after his former home of Albany, Georgia. Lieutenant Colonel William Dyess, survivor of the Bataan Death March and namesake of Dyess Air Force Base, was born in Albany on August 9, 1916. Major General Robert B. Williams, who led the World War II aerial bombing raid on Schweinfurt, was born in Albany on November 9, 1901.
Since 1938, Texas' oldest outdoor musical, the Fort Griffin Fandangle, has been presented during the last two weekends of June in the Prairie Theater about historic Fort Griffin, a military outpost established in 1867 near Albany and since a state park. The program, the content of which is different each year, attempts to recapture the theatrical charm of the American West. The show offers covered wagons and buggies, a stagecoach, a replica of the first Texas Central Railroad train, an oil derrick, and cowboys whose ancestors pushed Longhorn herds up the nearby Great Western Cattle Trail. The Dallas Morning News describes Fandangle, accordingly: "as professional as a multi-million dollar Broadway musical, with sets and costumes to match, with a cast of three hundred." The Abilene Reporter-News calls the program "Frontier history served up with genuine earthiness, spiced by rare humor."
wn.com/Albany,_Texas -
Alice, Texas
Alice is a city in and the county seat of Jim Wells County, Texas, United States, in the South Texas region of the state. The population was 19,104 at the 2010 census. Alice was established in 1888. First it was called Bandana, then Kleberg and finally Alice after Alice Gertrudis King Kleberg, the daughter of Richard King, who established the King Ranch.
Alice originated from the defunct community of Collins, three miles to the east. Around 1880 the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway attempted to build a line through Collins, which then had about 2,000 inhabitants. The townspeople were not amenable to selling their land to the railroad company; consequently, the railroad site was moved three miles west, and in 1883 a depot called Bandana was established at its junction with the Corpus Christi, San Diego and Rio Grande Railway. Bandana soon became a thriving cattle-shipping point, and application for a post office was made under the name Kleberg in honor of Robert Justus Kleberg. The petition was denied because a town named Kleberg already appeared on the post office list, so residents then chose the name Alice, in honor of Alice Gertrudis King Kleberg, Kleberg's wife and the daughter of Richard King. The Alice post office opened for business in 1888. Within a few years the remaining residents of Collins moved to Alice, which was by then a thriving community.
wn.com/Alice,_Texas -
Alpine, Texas
Alpine is a city in and the county seat of Brewster County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,786 people at the 2000 census, and had increased to 5,905 by 2010.
The area had been a campsite for cattlemen tending their herds between 1878 and the spring of 1882, when a town of tents was created by railroad workers and their families. Because the section of the railroad was called Osborne, that was the name of the small community for a brief time. The railroad needed access to water from springs owned by brothers named Daniel and Thomas Murphy, so it entered into an agreement with the Murphys to change the name of the section and settlement to Murphyville in exchange for a contract to use the spring. In November 1883 the Murphys registered a plat for the town of Murphyville with the county clerk of Presidio County. The town's name was changed to Alpine on February 3, 1888 following a petition by its residents. At this time a description of the town mentioned a dozen houses, three saloons, a hotel and rooming house, a livery stable, a butcher shop, and a drugstore, which also housed the post office.
wn.com/Alpine,_Texas -
Amarillo, Texas
Amarillo /æməˈrɪlɵ/ is the 14th-largest city, by population, in the state of Texas, the largest in the Texas Panhandle, and the seat of Potter County. A portion of the city extends into Randall County. The population was 190,695 at the 2010 census (105,486 in Potter County, and 85,209 in Randall). The Amarillo metropolitan area has an estimated population of 236,113 in four counties.
Amarillo, originally named Oneida, is situated in the Llano Estacado region. The availability of the railroad and freight service provided by the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad contributed to the city's growth as a cattle marketing center in the late 19th century. Amarillo is the regional economic center for the Texas Panhandle, and is economically important to Eastern New Mexico and the Oklahoma Panhandle.
The city was once the self-proclaimed "Helium Capital of the World" for having one of the country's most productive helium fields. The city is also known as "The Yellow Rose of Texas" (as the city takes its name from the Spanish word for yellow), and most recently "Rotor City, USA" for its V-22 Osprey hybrid aircraft assembly plant. Amarillo operates one of the largest meat packing areas in the United States. Pantex, the only nuclear weapons assembly and disassembly facility in the country, is also a major employer. The attractions Cadillac Ranch and Big Texan Steak Ranch are located adjacent to Interstate 40. U.S. Highway 66 also passed through the city.
wn.com/Amarillo,_Texas -
Anahuac, Texas
Anahuac is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population of the city was 2,210 at the 2000 census. Anahuac is the seat of Chambers County and is situated in East Texas.
The Mexican term Anáhuac comes from Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs. The name has various meanings, including "center", "world", and "city", but it also means "capital". Anáhuac is the Pre-Columbian name of the Valley of Mexico and its former lake basins around Mexico City, often including the Lerma and Pánuco river systems. Despite the name, neither the city of Anahuac, Texas nor the immediate region were ever part of the Aztec Empire.
The first dwellers in this area were the Anahuaconian Indians. In 1721, Frenchman Jean Baptiste de La Harpe reached this area. The area became known under the name Perry's Point, named after Colonel Henry Perry, who erected a military post here in 1816.
In October 1830, Mexican Colonel Juan Davis Bradburn established a customs post atop the same 30 feet (9.1 m) bluff where Perry had camped. Bradburn's orders specified that the new post would be named Fort Anahuac. The soldiers erected two large kilns to produce bricks to build a more permanent fort. Fort Anahuac would still be intact today had it not been for the locals stealing the bricks and using them for their own home construction soon after the Texas Revolution; virtually all bricks were taken and none remain to this day. By March 1831, Anahuac comprised 20 houses and 7 stores. The town grew quickly. Soldiers were given 25 cents per day to use for food and other supplies, and they spent the money locally. By June 1, the town comprised over 300 civilians and 170 military personnel.
wn.com/Anahuac,_Texas -
Anderson, Texas
Anderson is a city in Grimes County, Texas, United States. The population was 280 in 2009. It is the county seat. The city and its surroundings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Anderson Historic District.
Anderson is located at 30°29′13″N 95°59′16″W / 30.48694°N 95.98778°W / 30.48694; -95.98778 (30.487081, -95.987818).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2), all of it land.
The honorable Mr. John S. Freeman served as Mayor of Anderson from 1999 to 2004. The honorable Mrs. Gayle Sowell served as Mayor of Anderson from 2004 until present.
As of the census of 2000, there were 257 people, 92 households, and 59 families residing in the city. The population density was 498.6 people per square mile (190.8/km²). There were 119 housing units at an average density of 230.8 per square mile (88.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 54.86% White, 40.47% African American, 0.78% Native American, 2.72% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.67% of the population.
wn.com/Anderson,_Texas -
Andrews, Texas
Andrews is a city in and the county seat of Andrews County in the U.S. state of Texas within the West Texas region. The population was 11,088 in 2010. Along with Midland and Odessa, these cities form the Midland-Odessa Combined Statistical Area with a population of 241,316 in four counties. Andrews was the fastest growing Texas micropolitan in 2008 and 2009.
Andrews was incorporated on February 2, 1937. Both the city and county were named for Richard Andrews, the first Texan soldier to die in the Texas Revolution.
United States Highway 385 (north-south), Texas State Highway 115 (east-west), and Texas State Highway 176 (east-west) intersect through Andrews.
Andrews is located at 32°19′17″N 102°33′6″W / 32.32139°N 102.55167°W / 32.32139; -102.55167 (32.321401, -102.551733).
As of the census of 2010, there were 11,088 people, and 4,379 households residing in the city. The population density was 2,310 people per square mile (891.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.9% White, 1.86% African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.68% Asian, <0.01% Pacific Islander, 15.5% from other races, and 2.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50.2% of the population.
wn.com/Andrews,_Texas -
Angleton, Texas
Angleton is a city in and the county seat of Brazoria County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. Angleton lies at the intersection of State Highway 288, State Highway 35, and the Union Pacific Railroad. The population was 18,130 at the 2000 census. Angleton is in the 14th congressional district, and is represented by Congressman Ron Paul.
Angleton was founded in 1890 near the center of Brazoria County and named for the wife of the general manager of the Velasco Terminal Railway. A bitter rivalry emerged between the town and nearby Brazoria for the location of the county seat; Angleton was chosen as the seat in 1896 and re-chosen by county-wide election in 1913. The town was incorporated on November 12, 1912.
As the county seat, Angleton hosts the Brazoria County Fair every October; it is considered Texas's largest county fair.
Angleton is located at 29°9′59″N 95°25′41″W / 29.16639°N 95.42806°W / 29.16639; -95.42806 (29.166478, -95.428122).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.64 square miles (27.6 km2), of which, 10.60 square miles (27.5 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.19%) is water.
wn.com/Angleton,_Texas -
Anson, Texas
Anson is a city in and the county seat of Jones County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,556 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Originally named Jones City, the town was renamed Anson in 1882 in honor of Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas.
Anson is located at 32°45′20″N 99°53′47″W / 32.75556°N 99.89639°W / 32.75556; -99.89639 (32.755529, −99.896301).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,556 people, 950 households, and 681 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,219.2 people per square mile (469.9/km²). There were 1,089 housing units at an average density of 519.5 per square mile (200.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.82% White, 2.78% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 18.62% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.63% of the population.
wn.com/Anson,_Texas -
Archer City, Texas
Archer City is a city in Archer County, Texas, United States. The city lies at the junction of State Highway 79 and State Highway 25. It is the county seat of Archer County. It is located 25 miles south of Wichita Falls, Texas and is part of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,834 at the 2010 census.
The city is named for Branch Tanner Archer, a commissioner for the Republic of Texas.
12 miles west-southwest of the city lies a 1.5-mile antenna, the Lake Kickapoo Field Station, operated by the 20th Space Control Squadron, and part of the Air Force Space Surveillance System, used for observing objects passing over the United States. It is the primary anchor transmitter for the Space Command southern "fence" (or "Space Fence") network for monitoring the space defense system. It extends east-to-west across America at about the 33rd parallel north. The antenna has no public access and restricted entry.
The current mayor of Archer City is David Levy.
Archer City is located at 33°35′39″N 98°37′35″W / 33.59417°N 98.62639°W / 33.59417; -98.62639 (33.594036, -98.626499).
wn.com/Archer_City,_Texas -
Arlington, Texas
Arlington is a city in Tarrant County, Texas (USA) within the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. According to the 2010 census results, the city had a population of 365,438, making it the third largest municipality in the Metroplex. Arlington is the seventh-largest city in Texas and the 50th largest city in the United States.
Located approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of downtown Fort Worth and 20 miles (32 km) west of downtown Dallas, Arlington is home to the University of Texas at Arlington, a doctoral-granting institution, and a General Motors assembly plant. Additionally Arlington hosts the Texas Rangers' Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, Cowboys Stadium, the International Bowling Campus (which houses the United States Bowling Congress, International Bowling Museum and the International Bowling Hall of Fame), the headquarters for American Mensa, and the theme parks Six Flags Over Texas (the original Six Flags) and Hurricane Harbor. The city borders Kennedale, Grand Prairie, Mansfield and Fort Worth, and surrounds the smaller communities of Dalworthington Gardens and Pantego. Arlington is the headquarters of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region IV.
wn.com/Arlington,_Texas -
Aspermont, Texas
Aspermont is a town in and the county seat of Stonewall County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,021 at the 2000 census. Aspermont means "rough mountain" in Latin.
Marshall Formby, later a Texas state senator, operated the Aspermont Star weekly newspaper in the middle 1930s. The paper is now known as the Stonewall County Courier.
Aspermont is located at 33°8′21″N 100°13′42″W / 33.13917°N 100.22833°W / 33.13917; -100.22833 (33.139235, -100.228281).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,021 people, 418 households, and 282 families residing in the town. The population density was 493.2 people per square mile (190.4/km²). There were 507 housing units at an average density of 244.9 per square mile (94.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.99% White, 4.31% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 7.25% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.12% of the population.
wn.com/Aspermont,_Texas -
Athens, Texas
Athens is a city in Henderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,710. It is the county seat of Henderson County. According to the Texas Legislature, Athens is the "Original Home of the Hamburger". The city also calls itself the "Black-Eyed Pea Capital of the World." Athens was selected as one of the first 'Certified Retirement Communities' in Texas.
Athens is located at 32°12′10″N 95°50′57″W / 32.20278°N 95.84917°W / 32.20278; -95.84917 (32.202782, -95.849140).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.0 square miles (44.0 km2), of which 14.6 square miles (37.8 km2) is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) (13.85%) is water.
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,710 people, 4,110 households, and 2,807 families residing in the city. The population density was 772.8 people per square mile (298.3/km²). There were 4,549 housing units at an average density of 311.2 per square mile (120.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.14% White, 19.23% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 6.17% from other races, and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.37% of the population.
wn.com/Athens,_Texas -
Austin, Texas
Austin (/ˈɒstɨn/ or /ˈɔːstɨn/) is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 14th most populous city in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. Austin has a population of 790,390 (2010 U.S. Census). The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area, which had an estimated population 1,783,519 (2011 U.S. Census), making it the 34th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.
In the 1830s, pioneers began to the settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River. After Republic of Texas Vice President Mirabeau B. Lamar visited the area during a buffalo-hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838, he proposed that the republic's capital then located in Houston, Texas, be relocated to the area situated on the north bank of the Colorado River near the present-day Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge. In 1839, the site was officially chosen as the republic's new capital (the republic's seventh and final location) and was incorporated under the name, Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas" and the republic's first secretary of state.
wn.com/Austin,_Texas -
Bagdad, Tamaulipas
Bagdad, Tamaulipas, Mexico was a town established in 1848 on the south bank of the mouth of the Río Grande. Moreover, this town is also known as the Port of Bagdad or the Port of Matamoros, since it is inside the municipality of Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Officially declared non-existent in 1880, it is now invisible, covered by the shifting sands of time.
A major player in the American Civil War, today few realize it even existed, nor its vital importance to the Confederacy in its struggle against the North. One of the first appearances of Bagdad was on a map entitled "Map of the Country Adjacent to the Left Bank of the Rio Grande Below Matamoros, 1847."
The Civil War began in 1861 when the Southern states seceded from the Union. With Abraham Lincoln's proclamation that he would hold Jefferson Davis' privateers "amenable to the laws of the United States for the prevention and punishment of piracy," the War commenced. Mexico was the only foreign country to share a border with the Confederacy. Being neutral, Mexico could not be cut off by Lincoln's Federal blockade. The US Supreme Court, in the Prize cases, had declared Lincoln's blockades legal. However, this legality did not extend to the Rio Grande, as this river was considered international water by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed in 1848 between the United States and Mexico.
wn.com/Bagdad,_Tamaulipas -
Baird, Texas
Baird is a city in Callahan County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,623 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Callahan County. The city is named after Matthew Baird, the owner and director of the Texas & Pacific Railway. The railway depot is now the visitor center and a transportation museum. [1]
Baird is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Baird is located at 32°23′46″N 99°23′50″W / 32.39611°N 99.39722°W / 32.39611; -99.39722 (32.396035, -99.397140).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2), of which, 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (2.60%) is water.
The Callahan County Library was started in 1937 by the Baird Wednesday Club, the Pioneer Museum was added in 1940. Both are located on the basement floor of the Callahan County Courthouse. The museum features farm and ranch implements, household items, clothing, barbed wire, and documents.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,623 people, 677 households, and 429 families residing in the city. The population density was 619.0 people per square mile (239.2/km²). There were 806 housing units at an average density of 307.4 per square mile (118.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.51% White, 0.18% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 7.09% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.43% of the population.
wn.com/Baird,_Texas -
Ballinger, Texas
Ballinger is a city in Runnels County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,243 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Runnels County.
Ballinger is located at 31°44′27″N 99°57′14″W / 31.74083°N 99.95389°W / 31.74083; -99.95389 (31.740907, -99.953832).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), of which, 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2) of it is land and 0.30% is water.
As of the census of 2000, 4,243 people, 1,578 households, and 1,093 families resided the city. The population density was 1,266.7 people per square mile (489.0/km²). There were 1,879 housing units at an average density of 560.9 per square mile (216.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.68% White, 2.14% African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 14.52% from other races, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 31.28% of the population.
Of 1,578 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were not families. About 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and family size was 3.10.
wn.com/Ballinger,_Texas -
Bandera, Texas
Bandera is the county seat of Bandera County, Texas, United States,in the Texas Hill Country, which is part of the Edwards Plateau. The population was 957 at the 2000 census, and according to a 2009 estimate, the population had jumped up to 1,216 people. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bandera calls itself the "Cowboy Capital of the World." The Frontier Times Museum, founded by J. Marvin Hunter and named for Hunter's Frontier Times magazine, is located in Bandera across from the First Baptist Church. Bandera also has a large presence in biker culture.[citation needed]
A visitor to Bandera can see a sign on Main Street, in front of the Fire Department, which states that Bandera was founded by Roman Catholic immigrants from Poland. St. Stanislaus Catholic Church was built by those immigrants, and the church is one of the oldest in Texas. Many of the residents are descended from those original Polish immigrants.
There are many stories regarding the origin of the name "Bandera". One says that back in the 19th century, a flag was placed at the top of a path that came to be called "Bandera Pass" due to "bandera" being the Spanish word for "flag"[citation needed].
wn.com/Bandera,_Texas -
Bastrop, Texas
Bastrop is a city and the county seat of Bastrop County, Texas, United States. Located about thirty miles southeast of Austin, it is part of the Greater Austin metropolitan area. The population was 5,340 according to the 2000 census, and had grown to 7,218 by the 2010 census -- nearly twice the population of the early 1970s.
Spanish soldiers lived temporarily at the current site of Bastrop as early as 1804, when a fort was established where the Old San Antonio Road crossed the Colorado River and named Puesta del Colorado.
Bastrop's namesake, Felipe Enrique Neri, Baron de Bastrop was actually a commoner named Philip Hendrik Nering Bogel wanted for embezzlement in his native country of the Netherlands. In Texas, he assisted Moses and Stephen F. Austin in obtaining land grants in Texas, and he served as S. F. Austin's land commissioner.
In 1827, Stephen F. Austin located one hundred families in an area adjacent to his earlier Mexican contracts. Austin arranged for Mexican officials to name a new town there after the baron who died the same year.
wn.com/Bastrop,_Texas -
Bay City, Texas
Bay City is a city in Matagorda County, Texas, United States. The population was 18,667 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Matagorda County. The current mayor is Mark Bricker.
Bay City is located at 28°58′51″N 95°57′52″W / 28.98083°N 95.96444°W / 28.98083; -95.96444 (28.980766, -95.964459). With different municipalities and unincorporated areas surrounding it on all sides.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.5 square miles (22.0 km2), of which, 8.5 square miles (22.0 km2) of it is land and 0.12% is water. It used to be named "Bay Prairie", as the natural ecosystems that surround the town are prairies criscrossed by creeks that lead into the bay.
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,667 people, 6,912 households, and 4,769 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,196.0 people per square mile (847.9/km²). There were 8,113 housing units at an average density of 954.4 per square mile (368.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.62% White, 17.26% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 16.84% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.74% of the population.
wn.com/Bay_City,_Texas -
Baytown, Texas
Baytown is a city within Harris County and partially in Chambers County in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S. state of Texas. Located within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, it lies along both State Highway 146 and Interstate 10. As of 2010, Baytown had an population of 71,802. It is the fourth-largest city within the metropolitan area.
The area of Baytown began to be settled as early as 1822. One of its earliest residents was Nathaniel Lynch, who set up a ferry crossing at the junction of the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou. The ferry service that he started is still in operation today, now known as the Lynchburg Ferry. Other early residents of Baytown include William Scott, one of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred, and Ashbel Smith, who owned a plantation in the area.
The city now known as Baytown was originally three separate towns. The first of these was Goose Creek, named for the bayou of the same name where Canada Geese wintered and whose name is still reflected in the area's Goose Creek CISD, whose establishment dates back to before 1850. With the discovery of the Goose Creek Oil Field, the rival communities of Pelly in the late 1910s, and East Baytown in the early 1920s, developed as early boomtowns. The "East" in East Baytown was later dropped because it was west of Goose Creek.
wn.com/Baytown,_Texas -
Bayview, Texas
Bayview is a town in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 323 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Bayview is located at 26°7′46″N 97°24′4″W / 26.12944°N 97.40111°W / 26.12944; -97.40111 (26.129573, -97.401165).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2), of which, 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) of it (14.37%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 323 people, 116 households, and 88 families residing in the town. The population density was 115.2 people per square mile (44.5/km²). There were 133 housing units at an average density of 47.5 per square mile (18.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 91.64% White, 0.93% African American, 0.62% Native American, 3.72% from other races, and 3.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29.41% of the population.
wn.com/Bayview,_Texas -
Beaumont, Texas
Beaumont ( /ˈboʊmɒnt/) is a city in and county seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States, within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city's population was 118,296 at the 2010 census. With Port Arthur and Orange, it forms the Golden Triangle, a major industrial area on the Gulf Coast.
Lamar University with its 15,000 students is located in Beaumont. The city's daily newspaper is The Beaumont Enterprise, while The Examiner is published weekly.
Gulf States Utilities had its headquarters in Beaumont until its absorption by Entergy Corporation in 1993. GSU's Edison Plaza headquarters is still the tallest building in Beaumont (as of 2011). Since 1907, Beaumont has been home of the South Texas State Fair. In 2004, the venue for the Fair changed to Ford Park, a new, larger facility on the west end of Beaumont.
In 1824 Noah and Nancy Tevis settled on the west bank of Neches River and organized a farm. Soon after that, a small community grew up around the farm, which was named Tevis Bluff or Neches River Settlement. In 1835 the land of Tevises together with nearby community of Santa Anna (in total, 50 acres or 200,000 m2) was purchased by Henry Millard (1796?–1844), Joseph P. Pulsifer (1805–1861) and Thomas B. Huling (1804–1865), who began planning a town to be laid out on this land. This town was named Beaumont, after Jefferson Beaumont the brother in law of Henry Millard.
wn.com/Beaumont,_Texas -
Beeville, Texas
Beeville is a city in Bee County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,129 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Bee County and the site of a community college, Coastal Bend College.
Many of the stately homes, commercial buildings, and schools in and around Beeville, including the Bee County Courthouse, were designed by architect William Charles Stephenson, who came to Beeville in 1908 from Buffalo, New York.
The site was first settled by the Burke, Carroll and Heffernan families in the 1830s. It was first named "Maryville" for Mary Heffernan, then renamed "Beeville" after Barnard E. Bee, Sr., who served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas. It was then called "Beeville-on-the-Poesta", with a nearby community "Beeville-on-the-Medio" seven miles (11 km) to the west. In 1859, Beeville's first post office opened.
In 1880, the population was about three hundred. In 1886, the first railroad came to town, and the population exceeded one thousand by the end of the decade.
wn.com/Beeville,_Texas -
Bellville, Texas
Bellville is a city in and the county seat of Austin County, Texas, United States, located in the southeastern part of the state. The population was 3,794 at the 2000 census. Bellville was named for Thomas Bell, one of Stephen F. Austin's earliest colonists, after he and his brother James Bell donated land for the new county seat established by voters in 1846. The original county seat was located in San Felipe. Bellville is located at the intersection of State Highway 36 and State Highway 159 as well as FM 529, FM 1456, and FM 2429.
Bellville is located at 29°56′50″N 96°15′31″W / 29.94722°N 96.25861°W / 29.94722; -96.25861 (29.947225, -96.258657).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,794 people, 1,425 households, and 966 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,452.0 people per square mile (561.3/km²). There were 1,566 housing units at an average density of 599.3 per square mile (231.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.89% White, 11.68% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 3.95% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.97% of the population.
wn.com/Bellville,_Texas -
Belton, Texas
Belton is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,623 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Bell County.
Belton is part of the Killeen – Temple – Fort Hood metropolitan area.
Belton is located at 31°3′32″N 97°27′48″W / 31.05889°N 97.46333°W / 31.05889; -97.46333 (31.058904, -97.463382).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.2 square miles (34 km2), of which, 12.5 square miles (32 km2) of it is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2) of it (5.09%) is water.
Belton is just south of Temple and north of Salado on Interstate 35.
Belton was platted in 1850 with the name of Nolandville. It was given its current name in 1851, named after Texas' Governor, Peter Hansborough Bell. As the county seat of the like named Bell County the town seemed destined for growth. The l880's marked the town's brightest age, with the building of the courthouse, Mary Hardin Baylor buildings, and a "railroad war" in which, by 1881, Belton was bypassed by the railroad which built Temple, Texas as the local junction and depot town. In 1913 the city experienced a major flood. leading to the naming of Yettie Polk Park, from one of those who died. The town struggled along until the l942 creation of Fort Hood for tank training, and the town thrived.
wn.com/Belton,_Texas -
Benjamin, Texas
Benjamin is a city in Knox County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Knox County. The population was 258 at the 2010 census.
Benjamin is located at 33°35′00″N 99°47′36″W / 33.583419°N 99.793394°W / 33.583419; -99.793394 (33.583419, -99.793394). It is situated at the junction of U.S. Highway 82 and State Highway 6 in central Knox County, approximately 90 miles north of Abilene and 85 miles southwest of Wichita Falls.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
The community was founded in 1884 by Hilory H. Bedford, president and controlling stockholder in the Wichita and Brazos Stock Company. He named it Benjamin after his son who had been killed by lightning. To attract additional settlers, Bedford gave his stockholders a fifty-acre tract of land and set aside forty more acres for a town square. Benjamin was designed as the Knox County seat when it was organized in 1886. A school opened in 1886 as well. A jail built in 1887 still stands as a private residence and the old bank stands next to the Sheriff's Office. Benjamin was incorporated in 1928 and the population was 485 in the 1930 census. Two structures in the community, a courthouse (1938) and school building (1942), were constructed Works Projects Administration (WPA) labor. That courthouse replaced the previous stone structure built in 1888. The number of inhabitants reached a high of 599 in 1940, but that figure slowly decreased during the latter half of the twentieth century.
wn.com/Benjamin,_Texas -
Big Bend (Texas)
The Big Bend is a colloquial name of a geographic region in the western part of the state of Texas in the United States along the border with Mexico, roughly defined as the counties north of the prominent northward bend in the Rio Grande as it passes through the gap between the Chisos Mountains in Texas and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. It is sometimes loosely defined as the part of Texas south of U.S. Highway 90 and west of the Pecos River.
The region is sparsely populated, arid, and rugged, containing the Chisos and the Davis Mountain ranges. The region has more than one million acres (4,000 km²) of public lands, including Big Bend National Park and Big Bend Ranch State Park along the north side of the Rio Grande.
The largest towns in the region are Alpine, Presidio, Marfa, Sanderson, and Marathon.
Coordinates: 30°N 103°W / 30°N 103°W / 30; -103
wn.com/Big_Bend_(Texas) -
Big Lake, Texas
Big Lake is a small rural city in Reagan County, Texas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 2,885. It is the county seat of Reagan County.
The city takes its name from a dry lake, a unique dryland plains geographic feature situated atop the divide between the Rio Grande and Colorado River watersheds, located less than two miles south of the city, through which St Hwy 137 passes. The dry lake, with no outlet, is over two sections in size, making it the largest in Texas; it holds water temporarily and only after high runoff rain events, being used for grazing the remainder of the time. Though seasonal and temporal, the 'big playa lake', in wet periods, is significant in a semi-arid, drought-frequented environment and has been utilized regularly as a food and water resource by man and animal, alike, since prehistoric times.
Started as a small ranching community in the late 1880s, Big Lake owes its original existence to the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway, which passed through the area in 1912 as it was extended from Sherwood, west of San Angelo, to Girvin and beyond the Pecos River. The growth from the railroad, coupled with that from the Santa Rita discovery well in 1923, allowed it, in 1925, to take over the position of county seat from Stiles, a pioneer ranching community established in 1894 on Centrailia Draw, approximately 20 miles to the north. The main highway through the area, US 67, was extended through the region in 1934, on the way to a termination in Presidio. The city's current existence is based on agriculture (some farming, but mostly ranching) and oil and gas service and production throughout the area.
wn.com/Big_Lake,_Texas -
Big Spring, Texas
Big Spring is a city in and the county seat of Howard County, Texas, United States, at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 87 and Interstate 20. With a population of 25,233 at the 2000 census, it is the largest city between Midland to the west, Abilene to the east, Lubbock to the north, and San Angelo to the south. Big Spring was established as the county seat of Howard County in 1882; it is the largest community in the county.
The city got its name from the single, large spring that issued into a small gorge between the base of Scenic Mountain and a neighboring hill in the southwestern part of the city limits. Although the name is often mistakenly pluralized, it is officially singular; Big Springs, Texas, is actually a community in Rusk County in East Texas.
Big Spring is located at 32°14′36″N 101°28′31″W / 32.24333°N 101.47528°W / 32.24333; -101.47528 (32.243198, -101.475231).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.2 square miles (50 km2). 19.1 square miles (49 km2) of it is land, and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.42%) is water.
wn.com/Big_Spring,_Texas -
Bixby, Texas
Bixby is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 356 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bixby is located at 26°8′36″N 97°51′26″W / 26.14333°N 97.85722°W / 26.14333; -97.85722 (26.143269, -97.857239).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 356 people, 102 households, and 88 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 216.4 people per square mile (83.3/km²). There were 126 housing units at an average density of 76.6/sq mi (29.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.46% White, 1.40% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 13.48% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 76.97% of the population.
There were 102 households out of which 51.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.7% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.49 and the average family size was 3.81.
wn.com/Bixby,_Texas -
Boerne, Texas
Boerne ( /ˈbɜrni/) is a city in the Texas Hill Country in the United States. It is the county seat of Kendall County. Boerne was named in honor of Ludwig Börne, a Jewish German author and publicist, and its population was 10,471 in the 2010 census. The city is noted for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case City of Boerne v. Flores. Founded in 1849 as Tusculum, the name was changed to Boerne when the town was platted in 1852.
Boerne is part of the San Antonio–New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Boerne is the home of the Guadalupe Valley Poetry Celebration, a regional poetry festival that benefits the Boerne Public Library.
Boerne came into being as an off-shoot of the Texas Hill Country Free Thinker Latin Settlements, resulting from the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. Those who came were Forty-Eighters, intellectual liberal abolitionists who enjoyed conversing in Latin and who believed in utopian ideals that guaranteed basic human rights to all. They reveled in passionate conversations about science, philosophy, literature, music and philosophy. The Free Thinkers first settled Castell,Bettina, Leningen. and Schoenburg in Llano County. These experimental communities were supported by the Adelsverein for one year. The communities eventually failed due to lack of finances after the Adelsverein funding expired, and conflict of structure and authorities. Many of the pioneers from these communities moved to Sisterdale, Boerne and Comfort.
wn.com/Boerne,_Texas -
Bonham, Texas
Bonham is a city in Fannin County, Texas, United States. The population was 10,127 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Fannin County.James Bonham (the city's namesake) sought the aid of James Fannin (the county's namesake) at the Battle of the Alamo. Bonham is often unofficially described as "Booming Bonham" for its consistent rapid growth and development.
Bonham is centrally located in Fannin County in Northeastern Texas, about 25 km south of Oklahoma and has a total area of 9.4 square miles (24 km2), with negligible water cover. The distance to Dallas in the Southeast is about 68 miles (110 km).
Bonham, one of the oldest cities in Texas, dates back to 1837 when Bailey Inglish built a two-story block house named Fort Inglish. It was located about 2 miles (3 km) from the current downtown. Inglish and other acquaintances settled there in the summer of 1837 and the settlement was named Bois D'Arc. In 1843, the Congress of the Republic of Texas assigned the name Bloomington to the city, but finally renamed it Bonham, in honor of James Butler Bonham, a hero and defender of the Alamo. On February 2, 1848, Bonham was incorporated as a city.
wn.com/Bonham,_Texas -
Boston, Texas
Boston (better known as Old Boston) is an unincorporated town in and the county seat of Bowie County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Texarkana, Texas–Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its two area codes are 430 and 903, its zipcode is 75570, and it is in the "Central Standard Time" time zone. The town had a population of only 200 in 1990.
Before 1890, Texarkana was the county seat of Bowie County. Then an election decided on a more central location for a courthouse. The site was chosen, and the town of Boston was created at the site. In 1986 a new courthouse was built in New Boston, which is just north of Boston, which remains the official county seat.
Coordinates: 33°26′29″N 94°25′11″W / 33.44139°N 94.41972°W / 33.44139; -94.41972
wn.com/Boston,_Texas -
Brackettville, Texas
Brackettville is a city in Kinney County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,876 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Kinney County. Brackettville calls itself the drive-in movie capital of Texas.
Founded in 1852 as Las Moras (the name of a nearby spring and the creek it feeds), the town initially was a supply stop on the old San Antonio-El Paso road and a supply depot for the U.S. Army's Fort Clark (the fort was established the same year). Later the town was named Brackett after Oscar B. Brackett, the owner of the first dry goods store in the area, and in 1873 when a post office was awarded "ville" was appended to the name to differentiate from another town.
The town grew quickly through the 19th century as Fort Clark grew, but the town's existence remained very strongly tied to Fort Clark's fortunes. Fort Clark was for many years home to the famous Buffalo Soldiers--and, demographically, Brackettville had a larger proportion of Black Seminoles (people of mixed African American and Seminole ancestry) than the rest of West Texas. Their language, Afro-Seminole Creole, is still spoken by some in Brackettville.
wn.com/Brackettville,_Texas -
Brady, Texas
Brady is a city in McCulloch County, Texas, United States. Brady refers to itself as "The Heart of Texas", as it is the closest city to the geographical center of the state. The population was 5,523 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of McCulloch County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brady has a total area of 11.5 square miles (30 km2), of which, 9.2 square miles (24 km2) of it is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) of it (20.16%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,523 people, 2,181 households, and 1,448 families residing in the city. The population density was 601.1 people per square mile (232.0/km²). There were 2,603 housing units at an average density of 283.3 per square mile (109.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 59.6% White, 2.2% Black, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, .1% from other races, and .6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.7% of the population.
There were 2,181 households out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.11.
wn.com/Brady,_Texas -
Breckenridge, Texas
Breckenridge is a city in Stephens County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,868 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Stephens County. The mayor is Jim McKay.
Texas State Representative Carl Isett of Lubbock (District 84) was born in Breckenridge in 1957.
At approximately 5:20 PM local time on April 9, 2008, three tornadoes, including a pair of "sisters", were confirmed to have hit at least a portion of the town [1]. Fifteen citizens were reported injured within the city limits. Five buildings were destroyed, including the airport, which was a former Air Force training facility.
Breckenridge is located at 32°45′24″N 98°54′20″W / 32.75667°N 98.90556°W / 32.75667; -98.90556 (32.756793, -98.905580).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.2 square miles (10.8 km²), of which, 4.2 square miles (10.7 km²) of it is land and 0.24% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,868 people, 2,274 households, and 1,546 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,412.8 people per square mile (545.9/km²). There were 2,776 housing units at an average density of 668.4 per square mile (258.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.88% White, .01% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 11.28% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.64% of the population.
wn.com/Breckenridge,_Texas -
Brenham, Texas
Brenham is a city in east-central Texas in Washington County, Texas, United States, with a population of 15,716 according to the 2010 U.S. census. It is the county seat of Washington County. Brenham is south of College Station, and about halfway between Houston and Austin approximately 70 miles Northwest of Houston.
Brenham is renowned as the heart of the bluebonnet region in Central Texas. The local chamber of commerce promotes the Bluebonnet Trails and offers free maps to guide visitors along the most scenic routes that also pass by historic sites and attractions.
As the county seat for Washington County, the county is also home of the "Birthplace of Texas," the site of the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836 in the town of Washington. A TPWD State Historic Park is now located at the site.
Brenham is also known for a German heritage festival that takes place each May called Maifest, similar to Volksfest.
Brenham is located at 30°9′43″N 96°23′49″W / 30.16194°N 96.39694°W / 30.16194; -96.39694 (30.161901, -96.397004).
wn.com/Brenham,_Texas -
Brownfield, Texas
Brownfield is a city in Terry County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,940 at the 2009 census. It is the county seat of Terry County near Lubbock in West Texas.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brownfield has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16 km2), of which only 0.32% is water.
Brownfield lies in the center of Terry County, within the southern portion of the South Plains and Llano Estacado. The city rests on a windblown deposit called the Blackwater Draw Formation, which is underlain by a thick layer of caliche, referred to locally as the "Caprock." Beneath the caliche layer lies fluvial deposits called the Ogallala Formation, which contains a portion of the vast Ogallala Aquifer. The Caprock Escarpment, about 50 miles east, forms a rather precipitous drop of approximately 1,000 feet (305 m) and exposes various geologic layers. In early days, climbing the caprock escarpment was not easy for covered wagons.
The only terrain variation lies at the south end of the city where Lost Draw carves a channel that runs across the entire county. Lost Draw formed over 10,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age when the climate of the area was much wetter. When the vast glaciers of the north retreated, the left numerous dry river channels crisscrossing the Llano Estacado. When settlers during the 1800 ventured across this area, they often went into these channels expecting to find water, however, unless significant rains had occurred recently, their search was in vain, with many of the parties becoming "lost", hence the name, Lost Draw.
wn.com/Brownfield,_Texas -
Brownsville, Texas
Brownsville is a city in the southernmost tip of the state of Texas, in the United States. It is located on the northern bank of the Rio Grande, directly north and across the border from Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Brownsville is the 16th largest city in the state of Texas with a population of 175,023. In addition, the Matamoros–Brownsville Metropolitan Area counts with a population of 1,136,995, making it the 4th largest metropolitan area in the Mexico-US border.
The area in Brownsville is one of the fastest growing urban areas in the United States. The city's population dramatically increased after it experienced a boom in the steel industry during the 1900s, where it produced three times its annual capacity. Nowadays, the Port of Brownsville is a major economic hub for South Texas, where shipments from Mexico, other parts of the United States and the world arrive. Brownsville's economy is mainly based on its international trade with Mexico through the NAFTA agreement, and is home to one of the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the nation. In addition, Brownsville's climate has often been recognized among the best pro-business climates in the United States, and the city has also been ranked among the least expensive places to live in the U.S.
wn.com/Brownsville,_Texas -
Brownwood, Texas
Brownwood is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, Texas, United States.
The original site of the Brown County seat of Brownwood was on the east of Pecan Bayou. A dispute arose over land and water rights, and the settlers were forced to find a new location. Greenleaf Fisk donated sixty acres re-locate the county seat to the west side of the bayou, on what is now the current site of Brownwood, and one hundred additional acres for county use. The town was incorporated in 1884.
During the Second World War, Brownwood was the location of U.S. Army Camp Bowie, which had a peak complement of over 80,000 soldiers. Camp Bowie serves as a training camp today at the intersection Farm-to-market roads 45 and 2126.
On 19 April 1976, an F5 tornado struck near Brownwood, causing extensive damage, with 11 reported injuries but no fatalities.
Brownwood's census figures were re-evaluated after the 2000 census from 18,813 to reflect more accurate figures of 20,407. The city was categorized in 2003 as a "Micropolitan Statistical Area". The federal Office of Management and Budget has issued a definition of "Micropolitan Statistical Areas" as "an urban cluster of at least 10,000, but less than 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core, as measured by commuting ties."
wn.com/Brownwood,_Texas -
Bryan, Texas
Bryan is a city in Brazos County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 76,201. It is the county seat of Brazos County and is located in the heart of the Brazos Valley (Southeast Central Texas). It shares its border with the city of College Station, which lies to its south. Together they are referred to as the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area, the sixteenth largest Metropolitan area in Texas containing around 190,000 people.
The city is centrally located, approximately equidistant from three of the 10 largest cities in the United States. It is 92 miles (148 km) north-northwest of Houston, 166 miles (267 km) northeast of San Antonio and 169 miles (272 km) south of Dallas. It is 104 miles (167 km) east of Austin, the state capital of Texas. 75% of the Texas and Louisiana populations (13.1 million people) live within 3.5 driving hours of Bryan.
The area around Bryan, Texas was part of a land grant to Moses Austin by Spain. Moses Austin's son, Stephen F. Austin helped bring settlers to the area. Among the settlers was William Joel Bryan, the nephew of Stephen F. Austin. The town of Bryan was founded in 1821. It grew quickly when the Houston and Texas Central Railroad arrived in 1860. In 1866, the county seat of Brazos County, Texas was changed from Boonville, Texas to Bryan. A short time later, in 1871, the City of Bryan became incorporated.
wn.com/Bryan,_Texas -
Burnet, Texas
Burnet ( /ˈbɜrnɨt/ BUR-net) is a city in and the county seat of Burnet County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,735 at the 2000 census.
Both the city and the county were named for David Gouverneur Burnet, the first (provisional) president of the Republic of Texas. He also served as Vice President during the administration of Mirabeau B. Lamar.
Burnet is located one mile west of the divide between the Brazos and Colorado River watersheds near the center of Burnet County. It is 48 miles northwest of the state capitol, Austin - roughly a 1- to 1½-hour drive via U.S. Highway 183 and State Highway 29. It is 36 miles west of Georgetown (and Interstate Highway 35) via State Highway 29, and 100 miles north of San Antonio on U.S. Highway 281.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), all of it land.
In December 1847, a company of the Texas Rangers Division commanded by Henry E. McCulloch established a station at the site of present-day Burnet for the protection of frontier settlers from Indian raids. In March 1849, the station was chosen as a federal fort and named Fort Croghan.
wn.com/Burnet,_Texas -
Caldwell, Texas
Caldwell is a city in Burleson County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,449 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Burleson County. It is part of the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.
In 1993, the Reeves-Womack House in Caldwell was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The house was built in the latter 1890s by the merchant-banker William Reeves (1858–1921). He sold the late Victorian structure in 1907 to Mansell Lewis Womack (born 1846) a former Burleson County sheriff. Womack heirs owned the house, located at 405 Fox Steet, until 1957.
Caldwell is the home of the Czech Heritage Museum, which is open to the public on Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. The annual Kolache Festival, a celebration of Czech heritage named for a type of pastry, is held in Caldwell the second weekend of September.
Caldwell is located at 30°31′43″N 96°42′1″W / 30.52861°N 96.70028°W / 30.52861; -96.70028 (30.528580, -96.700350).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), all of it land.
wn.com/Caldwell,_Texas -
Cameron County, TX
Cameron County is the southernmost county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 406,220. Its county seat is Brownsville. Cameron was founded in 1848. Cameron is named for Captain Ewen Cameron, a soldier during the Texas Revolution and in the ill-fated Mier Expedition.
Cameron County is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville Combined Statistical Area.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,276 square miles (3,304.8 km2), of which 906 square miles (2,346.5 km2) is land and 371 square miles (960.9 km2) (29.03%) is water.
US-77 is a is a freeway through Harlingen to Brownsville, blocks north of the International Border.
US-83 is a Freeway through Harlingen and Brownsville.
US-281 is called the 'Military Highway' through Cameron County, and runs roughly adjacent to the Rio Grande River and the Border.
To the east, the county borders the Gulf of Mexico.
As of the census of 2000, there were 335,227 people, 97,267 households, and 79,953 families residing in the county. The population density was 370 people per square mile (143/km²). There were 119,654 housing units at an average density of 132 per square mile (51/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 80.29% White, 0.48% Black or African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 15.98% from other races, and 2.30% from two or more races. 84.34% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
wn.com/Cameron_County,_TX -
Cameron Park, Texas
Cameron Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,961 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cameron Park is located at 25°58′15″N 97°28′43″W / 25.97083°N 97.47861°W / 25.97083; -97.47861 (25.970707, -97.478659).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2), of which, 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) of it is land and 1.64% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,961 people, 1,269 households, and 1,199 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 9,962.4 people per square mile (3,835.9/km²). There were 1,366 housing units at an average density of 2,282.9/sq mi (879.0/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.05% White, 0.08% African American, 0.12% Asian, 11.93% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 99.28% of the population.
There were 1,269 households out of which 69.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.8% were married couples living together, 16.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.5% were non-families. 4.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 1.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.70 and the average family size was 4.81.
wn.com/Cameron_Park,_Texas -
Cameron, Texas
Cameron is a city in Milam County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,634 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Milam County.
Cameron is located at 30°51′16″N 96°58′43″W / 30.85444°N 96.97861°W / 30.85444; -96.97861 (30.854544, -96.978716). It is situated at the junction of U.S. Highways 77 and 190, approximately 71 miles northeast of Austin in north central Milam County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), all of it land.
wn.com/Cameron,_Texas -
Canadian, Texas
Canadian is the county seat of Hemphill County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,233 at the 2000 census. It is named for the Canadian River, a tributary of the nearby Arkansas River. Canadian is sometimes called "the oasis of the Texas Panhandle."
The trails along the river are older than recorded history. Francisco Coronado came through the area in 1541 in a vain search for the Seven Cities of Cibola. In 1840, Josiah Gregg and thirty-four men from Missouri passed through Canadian with trading goods worth $25,000 while en route to Santa Fe, New Mexico. In 1849, parties headed for the California gold rush passed through, led by Captain Randolph B. Marcy. In the 1870s and 1880, hunters, cattlemen, and settlers alike used the trails as the Panhandle was opened for civilization.
In the 1900s (decade), Canadian was a railroad and marketing center, with a Baptist academy. Robert Moody (1838–1915), a banker, rancher, and academy trustee, built the Moody Hotel downtown to reflect on the future of the community. The three-story, brick-veneer structure replaced the former McIntosh Hotel. The Moody opened late in 1910 with forty guest rooms and an oak stairway. The hotel flourished until changing travel plans caused it to close. It now houses the Abraham Companies. Robert Moody's grandson, Robert R. Young, also a native of Canadian, was subsequently the chief officer of the New York Central Railroad.
wn.com/Canadian,_Texas -
Canton, Texas
Canton is a city in Van Zandt County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 5,142. It is the county seat of Van Zandt County.
Canton was surveyed as early as 1840 by a company of men under Dr. W. P. King. The community stands on the original survey of Jesse Stockwell, who arrived in the area at that time. No settlement was made until 1850, when the town was laid out and named by settlers moving from Old Canton in Smith County. The first district courthouse at Canton opened in 1850, and a post office, the county's fourth, was established in that year.
When the Texas and Pacific Railway was built across the county in 1872, it missed Canton by ten miles, and the citizens of Wills Point persuaded county officials to move the county seat there. In the resulting dispute, in 1877 armed residents of Canton went to Wills Point to recover the records, and the county judge wired Governor Richard B. Hubbard for aid. The Supreme Court of Texas finally decided in favor of Canton. Unwilling to use the railroad at Wills Point, Canton businessmen established Edgewood, ten miles (16 km) to the northwest of town, and built an extension to the railroad at a siding formerly called Stevenson.
wn.com/Canton,_Texas -
Canyon, Texas
Canyon is a city in Randall County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,303 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Randall County. It is the home of West Texas A&M University and Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum. Palo Duro Canyon State Park is some twelve miles east of Canyon. To the east of Canyon is the JA Ranch founded in 1877 by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair and still under the ownership of the Adair heirs.
Canyon is part of the Amarillo, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area, and residents are known as Canyonites.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Canyon has a total area of 4.9 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
At the 2010 census, there were 13,303 people, 5,185 households and 2,924 families residing in the city. The population density was 2687.47 per square mile (1,037.68/km2). There were 5,611 housing units at an average density of 1,133.54 per square mile (437.68/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.5% White, 2.4% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.7% from other races, and 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.7% of the population.
wn.com/Canyon,_Texas -
Carrollton, Texas
Carrollton is a city in Denton County, Dallas County and Collin County in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 119,097 (69,743 in Denton, 49,352 in Dallas and 2 in Collin). Carrollton is a suburb of Dallas and in 2006 was named to America's "Top 100 Places to Live" by Relocate America. Also in 2006, Carrollton was selected as the 19th best place to live in the United States by Money magazine.[2] In 2008 it was named by Money magazine the 15th best place to live among small cities.
The area was first settled by Jared Ford in 1842 by William and Mary Larner on a site within the Peters Colony grant. In 1844, the A. W. Perry family claimed land in the area around Trinity Mills, where, in partnership with Wade H. Witt, a mill was established.
The English colony, a group of families in the northeastern area of settlement which crossed into Denton County, was home to large landowners including the Furneaux, Jackson, Morgan, and Rowe families. It is most likely that Carrollton was named for Carrollton, Illinois, the original home of many of these settlers.
wn.com/Carrollton,_Texas -
Carthage, Texas
Carthage is a city in Panola County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,779 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Panola County, and is situated in East Texas near the Louisiana state line.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Carthage has a total area of 10.5 square miles (27 km2), of which, 10.5 square miles (27 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.4%) is water.
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,779 people, 2,628 households, and 1,745 families residing in the city. The population density was 645.6 people per square mile (249.2/km²). There were 2,909 housing units at an average density of 277.0 per square mile (106.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.5% White, 21.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 6.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.0% of the population.
There were 2,628 households out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.04.
wn.com/Carthage,_Texas -
Center, Texas
Center is a city in Shelby County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,678 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Shelby County. It is named for its location near the center of Shelby County, not for its location in Texas as it is located near the Louisiana border.
Center is seventeen miles from the Louisiana border and 118 miles north of Beaumont at the center of Shelby County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16.2 km²), of which, 6.2 square miles (16.1 km²) of it is land and 0.16% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,678 people, 2,034 households, and 1,334 families residing in the city. The population density was 911.0 people per square mile (351.9/km²). There were 2,290 housing units at an average density of 367.4 per square mile (141.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 51.14% White, 34.22% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 10.95% from other races, and 2.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.05% of the population.
wn.com/Center,_Texas -
Centerville, Texas
Centerville is a city in Leon County, Texas, United States. The population was 903 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Leon County.
Centerville was so named as it is near the geographic center of Leon County. However, it is also coincidentally located nearly midway between Dallas and Houston.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Centerville has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 903 people, 388 households, and 230 families residing in the city. The population density was 620.9 people per square mile (240.4/km2). There were 464 housing units at an average density of 319.0 per square mile (123.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 75.30% White, 21.82% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 1.66% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99% of the population.
There were 388 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 22.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89.
wn.com/Centerville,_Texas -
Channing, Texas
Channing is a city in Hartley County, Texas, in the United States.It is the county seat of Hartley County. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 356. A July 1, 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 327.
Channing is located at 35°41′1″N 102°19′55″W / 35.68361°N 102.33194°W / 35.68361; -102.33194 (35.683612, -102.331817). It is situated at the junction of U.S. Highway 385, State Highway 354, and FM 767 in southeastern Hartley County, approximately 30 miles south of Dalhart.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.3 square miles (2.6 km²), all of it land.
Channing was founded in 1888 by George Channing Rivers, a paymaster for the Fort Worth and Denver City Railway. The settlement was originally called Rivers. Since the name Rivers duplicated another community in Texas, the name was changed to Channing later that year. Channing developed directly from its association with the XIT Ranch, a property that once included land in as many as ten counties in the Texas Panhandle. In 1891, Willis D. Twitchell platted Channing's business district. At that time, Channing was the headquarters of the XIT. Albert Boyce, the ranch's general manager and one of the most prominent early citizens, built the first house in the community. By 1900, Channing had two stores, a post office, lumber yard, and school. Two elections, one in November 1896 and the other in 1903, were required for Channing to replace Hartley as county seat. The frame courthouse was pulled to Channing on wheels by mounted XIT cowboys in 1903. A brick courthouse was completed in 1906 and the original courthouse was converted into a hotel. One of the first public libraries in the Panhandle was established in 1908 by a local women's club.
wn.com/Channing,_Texas -
Childress, Texas
Childress (established 1887; incorporated 1890) is a city in Childress County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,778 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Childress County. Like the county, the city is named for George Campbell Childress, a native of Nashville, Tennessee, who was the principal author of the Texas Declaration of Independence. The county and city were incorporated more than four decades after Childress's death.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.3 square miles (21 km2), of which 8.2 square miles (21 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) is water.
Childress is bordered on the west by Hall County, on the southeast by Hardeman County, on the northeast by Harmon County, Oklahoma, on the north by Collingsworth County, and on the south by Cottle County. Childress is situated 110 miles (180 km) from Amarillo on the west, 155 mi from Lubbock, Texas to the southwest, and also 110 miles (180 km) from Wichita Falls on the east. It is situated at the intersection of United States Highways 287, 62, and 83, which extends from Brownsville to Laredo in South Texas to North Dakota. Because of its location, Childress is known as the "Gateway to the Panhandle". Childress is only a few miles from the Oklahoma state boundary, but because of the routing of Highways 83 and 62, the one-way drive to Hollis is about thirty miles. The area surrounding Childress is popular with hunters for quail, deer, dove, and wild hogs. Baylor Lake, located nine miles (14 km) to the northwest, is known for bass fishing.
wn.com/Childress,_Texas -
Clarendon, Texas
Clarendon is a city in Donley County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,974 at the 2000 census. The county seat of Donley County, Clarendon is located on United States Highway 287 in the Texas Panhandle some sixty miles east of Amarillo. It was established in 1878 by Methodist clergyman L.H. Carhart as a "sobriety settlement" in contrast to typical boom towns of that era. It acquired the sobriquet "Saints Roost" from local cowboys: hence the unusual name of the Clarendon museum, the Saints' Roost Museum.
The Sandell Drive-In, built by Gary Barnhill (born 1920) and named after his daughters, Sandra and Adele, opened on Texas State Highway 70 in 1955 and closed in 1984. In 2001, John Earl Morrow (born ca. 1954), a Clarendon resident and owner of Morrow Drilling and Service, purchased the property from the Barnhills and in August 2002 re-opened the drive-in. The facility, which can handle three hundred cars, is operated by Morrow and volunteers during the summers. Morrow was motivated to bring back the facility because he had viewed films there during his childhood.
wn.com/Clarendon,_Texas -
Clarksville, Texas
Clarksville is a city in Red River County, Texas, in the United States in the Northern most part of the Piney Woods region of East Texas. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 3,883. It is the county seat of Red River County.
Clarksville is located at 33°36′40″N 95°3′9″W / 33.61111°N 95.0525°W / 33.61111; -95.0525 (33.611086, -95.052448).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,883 people, 1,530 households, and 1,006 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,299.2 people per square mile (501.4/km²). There were 1,787 housing units at an average density of 597.9 per square mile (230.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 53.39% White, 42.18% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 3.01% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.29% of the population.
There were 1,530 households out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.
wn.com/Clarksville,_Texas -
Claude, Texas
Claude is a city in Armstrong County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,313 at the 2000 census. Located east of Amarillo, Claude is the county seat of Armstrong County in the south Texas Panhandle. Claude is part of the Amarillo Metropolitan Statistical Area but is some thirty miles east of Amarillo.
During the first half of the 16th century, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Coronado and his party passed through Claude and Tule Canyon, a scenic wonder to the south of Claude off Texas State Highway 207.
Claude was originally named Armstrong City after several area ranches named Armstrong. The name, however, was changed to Claude in 1887. Claude Ayers, the engineer of the Fort Worth and Denver Railway, the first train to travel through the area, requested that the town be named in his honor.
When Armstrong County was formed in 1890, Claude and Washburn competed to be the county seat. The tie-breaking vote for Claude was reportedly cast by the legendary cattleman Charles Goodnight, former co-owner of the nearby JA Ranch. The Armstrong County Courthouse in Claude dates to 1912.
wn.com/Claude,_Texas -
Cleburne, Texas
Cleburne is a city in Johnson County, Texas, United States, and a suburb of Fort Worth. According to 2007 United States Census Bureau estimates, the population is 29,050. It is the county seat of Johnson County. Cleburne is named for a Confederate General, Patrick Cleburne. Lake Pat Cleburne, the reservoir that provides water to the city and surrounding area, is also named for him.
Cleburne is Johnson County's third county seat. It was formerly known as Camp Henderson, a temporary Civil War outpost from which Johnson County soldiers would depart for war (most of them would serve under General Cleburne). The city was formally incorporated in 1871.
In August 1886 the Texas Farmers' Alliance met at Lee's Academy and adopted a seventeen point political resolution, commonly known as the Cleburne Demands, which was the first major document of the agrarian revolt occurring at the end of the late nineteenth century.
Cleburne was primarily an agricultural center and county seat until the Santa Fe Railroad opened a major facility there in 1898. During this time the population boomed, as it became a sizable city for the area with over 12,000 residents by 1920.
wn.com/Cleburne,_Texas -
Coldspring, Texas
Coldspring is a city in San Jacinto County, Texas, United States. The population was 691 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Jacinto County which is named after the river that traverses it and shares its name with the Battle which gave Texas its independence.
The history of Coldspring is linked to Stephen F. Austin's first colony in Texas which established, among other areas, San Jacinto County. Austin's original colony extended to the Trinity River watershed, roughly along Texas 156, toward Point Blank. After receiving a commission from the Mexican government to settle the area, Joseph Vehlein, a German immigrant to Mexico, deeded 640 acres (2.6 km2) to Robert Rankin, an American Revolutionary officer. This acreage included the site of Coldspring.
The settlement of Cold Springs (old spelling) began around 1850. In 1848, there existed only a trading post called "Coonskin", later "Fireman's Hill" nearby.
Coldspring had developed into a bustling county seat town by 1915, but disaster struck March 30, 1915 when the wooden courthouse burned, thus removing the economic foundation of the town. Plans for the present courthouse were made, and the building was completed in 1918. Thereafter, the townspeople moved their buildings near the new courthouse at its present location.
wn.com/Coldspring,_Texas -
Coleman, Texas
Coleman is a city in Coleman County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,127 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Coleman County.
Coleman is located at 31°49′40″N 99°25′32″W / 31.82778°N 99.42556°W / 31.82778; -99.42556 (31.827694, -99.425689).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16 km2), of which, 6.2 square miles (16 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.64%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,127 people, 2,179 households, and 1,403 families residing in the city. The population density was 831.9 people per square mile (321.4/km²). There were 2,658 housing units at an average density of 431.3 per square mile (166.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.04% White, 2.95% African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 8.89% from other races, and 2.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.93% of the population.
There were 2,179 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.93.
wn.com/Coleman,_Texas -
Colorado
Colorado (
i/kɒləˈrædoʊ/ or /kɒləˈrɒdoʊ/) is the US state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,116,796 on July 1, 2011, an increase of +1.74% since the 2010 United States Census.
The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the red colored (Spanish: colorado) silt the river carried from the mountains. On August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting Colorado as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State" because it was admitted to the Union in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence.
wn.com/Colorado -
Colorado City, Texas
Colorado City is a city in and the county seat of Mitchell County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,281 at the 2000 census.
Former U.S. Representative George Mahon of Lubbock was reared in Mitchell County and is honored with a statue in front of the courthouse. The Texas radio pioneer Clint Formby and his wife Margaret Clark Formby, founder of the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame in Fort Worth, lived for a time early in their marriage in Colorado City and actually rented their residence from the Mahons.
Colorado City is located at 32°23′46″N 100°51′44″W / 32.39611°N 100.86222°W / 32.39611; -100.86222 (32.396163, -100.862137).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,281 people, 1,646 households, and 1,124 families residing in the city. The population density was 809.2 people per square mile (312.5/km²). There were 2,076 housing units at an average density of 392.4 per square mile (151.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 76.71% White, 5.09% African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 14.62% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.25% of the population.
wn.com/Colorado_City,_Texas -
Columbus, Texas
Columbus is a city in Colorado County, Texas, United States, 74 miles (119 km) west of Houston along Interstate 10, on the Colorado River. In 1890, 2,199 people lived in Columbus, Texas; in 1900, there were 1,824 residents. The population was 3,916 as of the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Colorado County. The town's motto is "City of Live Oaks and Live Folks."
Columbus is located at 29°42′21″N 96°32′46″W / 29.70583°N 96.54611°W / 29.70583; -96.54611 (29.705822, -96.546223).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10 km2), all land.
Columbus was established in 1821, on the legendary site of Montezuma's Indian village by members of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred. By late December, colonist's Robert H. Kuykendall with his brother Joseph, and Daniel Gilleland had arrived in the area of Columbus. In 1822, settler Benjamin Beason began operating a ferry across the Colorado River known as Beason's Ferry.
Columbus would become part of Austin's colony in 1822, when the colony was divided into two districts by Mexican governor José F. Trespalacios. The Mexican government granted the rights to establish a town and locals elected town officials. John J. Tumlinson, Sr. was elected alcalde, with Robert Kuykendall captain and Moses Morrison lieutenant. Later in 1834, after the Tumlinson children inherited the estate, they would sell land to William Dewee, whereupon it became known as DeWees crossing. In 1835 it was officially renamed Columbus, in honor of residents from Columbus, Ohio.
wn.com/Columbus,_Texas -
Comanche, Texas
Comanche is a city located in Comanche County in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 4,482 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Comanche County. The town square has been renovated and is becoming a popular tourist attraction.[citation needed] With "Star Beaus" and "karens" on the square and their barbecue and Mexican restaurants, Comanche is also a stop for hunters. Comanche is known for its trophy-sized deer and available deer leases.
A military road known as the "Corn Trail" came through in 1850 to supply area forts and encourage settlement. The town was established in 1856 and the city was incorporated in 1858. Near the modern courthouse is the preserved log structure known as the "Old Cora Courthouse", one of the oldest standing wooden courthouses in Texas. Cora, the former county seat, later became Gustine.
The Comanche County Historical Museum in Comanche features a blacksmith shop, filling station, and doctor's office. A replica saloon depicts the site where gunfighter John Wesley Hardin killed a deputy in 1874.
wn.com/Comanche,_Texas -
Combes, Texas
Combes is a town in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,553 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Combes is located at 26°14′42″N 97°43′37″W / 26.245°N 97.72694°W / 26.245; -97.72694 (26.245051, -97.727028).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2), of which, 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) of it is land and 0.40% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,553 people, 775 households, and 626 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,034.6 people per square mile (399.1/km²). There were 1,039 housing units at an average density of 421.0 per square mile (162.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 80.38% White, 0.35% African American, 1.29% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.31% Pacific Islander, 15.08% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 76.30% of the population.
wn.com/Combes,_Texas -
Conroe, Texas
Conroe is the seat of Montgomery County and falls within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. It is located about 40 miles (64 km) north of Houston.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city population was 56,207, up from 36,811 in 2000.
The city is named after northern born, Southern Cavalry officer, and Houston lumberman Isaac Conroe. Conroe founded a sawmill there in 1881. The city originally gained in wealth due to the lumber and oil industries. Originally named "Conroe's Switch", the area saw an influx of residents in the late 19th century due to the lumber demands on the piney wood forest of the area.
During the 1930s, due to oil profits, the city boasted more millionaires per capita than any other US city, though only for a brief period of time. Elvis Presley performed at the High School football field on August 24, 1955. Also Los Tigres del Norte performed at the Crighton Theatre in 2009.
After the construction of Interstate 45, many Houstonians began to settle communities around Conroe.
wn.com/Conroe,_Texas -
Cooper, Texas
Cooper ( /ˈkʊpər/) is a city in Delta County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,150 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Delta County. Cooper proclaims itself to be the "Vetch Capital of the World".
Cooper is located at 33° 22' 22" North, 95° 41' 21" West (33.372651, -95.689219). Elevation: 491 ft. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), of which, 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2) of it is land and 0.69% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,150 people, 849 households, and 547 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,494.8 people per square mile (576.5/km²). There were 983 housing units at an average density of 683.4 per square mile (263.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 80.23% White, 15.58% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.44% from other races, and 2.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.95% of the population.
wn.com/Cooper,_Texas -
Corsicana, Texas
Corsicana is a city in Navarro County, Texas, United States. It is located on Interstate 45 some fifty-five miles south of downtown Dallas. The population was 24,485 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Navarro County.
Founded in 1848, Corsicana was named by José Antonio Navarro after the Mediterranean island of Corsica, the birthplace of his father, who died when Navarro and his many siblings were young.
Women's' groups have had a strong role throughout the history of the city, with one of the earliest efforts being the establishment of the Corsicana Female Literary Institute, a school which operated from 1857 through 1870. The first public library in Corsicana opened in 1901 by effort of the women's' clubs of the city. A 1905 library gift by Andrew Carnegie gave the library a permanent home and its first full-time, professionally trained librarian. The library today is housed in a dedicated building downtown and boasts more than 52,283 books, 6,306 audio materials, 783 video materials, and 122 serial subscriptions.
wn.com/Corsicana,_Texas -
Cotulla, Texas
Cotulla is a city in and the county seat of La Salle County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,614 at the 2000 census.
In 1868, Polish immigrant Joseph Cotulla arrived in La Salle County and eventually established a large ranching operation. After learning that the International-Great Northern Railroad intended to lay tracks in La Salle County, he worked to establish the town of Cotulla. In 1881, he donated 120 acres of his land to the railroad, and 1882, a depot was built there. In 1883, the town was granted a post office. The same year, Cotulla became the county seat by special election.
In 1973, two railroad locomotives collided in Cotulla, and three people were killed as a result.
In 2008, the area about Cotulla burned in a huge grass fire.
Cotulla is located at 28°26′3″N 99°14′11″W / 28.43417°N 99.23639°W / 28.43417; -99.23639 (28.434144, -99.236343).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
The Nueces River flows through southern Cotulla in a southeastward direction to the Gulf of Mexico near Corpus Christi.
wn.com/Cotulla,_Texas -
Crane, Texas
Crane is a city in and the county seat of Crane County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,191 at the 2000 census. An oil boomtown dating from the 1920s, it is still in the center of a prominent oil-producing region. Crane is the only significant town in sparsely-populated Crane County, and also contains the county's only post office.
While the post office dates from 1908, it was the 1926 discovery of oil in the vicinity that brought in enough fortune-seekers to populate a town. Streets are named for the children of O.C. Kinnison, the realtor who drew up the town map. As in other oil boomtowns, development of services lagged behind temporary dwellings for the workers, although paved roads and other basic infrastructure was added as the town grew. Peak population as reported by the U.S. Census was in 1960 at 3,796, and it has declined slightly since, although the town remains the center for servicing the oil fields in Crane County.
Crane is located at 31°23′35″N 102°21′3″W / 31.39306°N 102.35083°W / 31.39306; -102.35083 (31.392949, -102.350751).
wn.com/Crane,_Texas -
Crockett, Texas
Crockett is a city in Houston County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 7,141. It is the county seat of Houston County.
The town was named after Davy Crockett who reportedly had camped nearby on his way to the Alamo; the site was very near the Old San Antonio Road. A family from Tennessee donated the land for the town and named it after Crockett, whom they had previously known. The town was incorporated in 1837, and a post office was granted the following year. Crockett was connected to Nacogdoches by stage service. In 1839 raids by the Alabama-Coushatta and Cherokee Indians forced the town's residents to take shelter in the fortified log courthouse. Crockett was a training center for Confederate conscripts during the Civil War. The railroad came through in 1872 enabling Crockett to exploit the county's timber resources. By 1885 the town was thriving with a population of 1,200 and the following year a school was opened for black girls. It evolved into Mary Allen Junior College, which operated into the 1970s. In 1904 lignite mining started and it peaked about 1910. The stands of timber were seriously depleted by the 1920s. The population was over 3,000 in the mid 1920s and by 1936, it was nearly 4,500. The population of Crockett increased while most of East Texas declined after World War II. It reached 5,000 by the 1960 census.
wn.com/Crockett,_Texas -
Crosbyton, Texas
Crosbyton is a city in and the county seat of Crosby County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,874 at the 2000 census. Crosbyton is part of the Lubbock Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Former Crosby County administrative County Judge Joseph P. Heflin represented District 85 in the Texas House of Representatives from 2007-2011. During his tenure Heflin was the only Democrat from either West Texas or the Panhandle serving in the legislature. He was unseated in the 2010 general election by the Republican Jim Landtroop of Plainview in Hale County. In 2006, Heflin had defeated Landtroop by fewer than 225 votes.
The city was named for land office commissioner Stephen Crosby.
Crosbyton is located at 33°39′24″N 101°14′20″W / 33.65667°N 101.23889°W / 33.65667; -101.23889 (33.656733, -101.238811).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,874 people, 677 households, and 482 families residing in the city. The population density was 886.9 people per square mile (342.9/km²). There were 781 housing units at an average density of 369.6 per square mile (142.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 62.49% White, 5.71% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 30.15% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47.65% of the population.
wn.com/Crosbyton,_Texas -
Cross Timbers
The term Cross Timbers is used to describe a strip of land in the United States that runs from southeastern Kansas across Central Oklahoma to Central Texas. Made up of a mix of prairie, savanna, and woodland, it forms part of the boundary between the more heavily forested eastern country and the almost treeless Great Plains, and also marks the western habitat limit of many mammals and insects.
No major metropolitan areas lie wholly within the Cross Timbers, although roughly the western half of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex does, including the cities of Fort Worth, Denton, Arlington, and Weatherford. The western suburbs of the Tulsa metropolitan area and the northeastern suburbs of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area also lie within this area. The main highways that cross the region are I-35 and I-35W going north to south (although they tend to skirt the Cross Timbers' eastern fringe south of Fort Worth) and I-40 going east to west. Numerous U.S. Highways also cross the area.
The Cross Timbers are defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as Ecoregion 29, a Level III ecoregion. Some organizations and maps refer to the Cross Timbers ecoregion as the Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains. The Cross Timbers are contained within the WWF Central forest-grasslands transition ecoregion.
wn.com/Cross_Timbers -
Crowell, Texas
Crowell is a city in Foard County, Texas, United States. It serves as the county seat, and the population was 1,141 at the 2000 census.
Crowell is located at 33°59′9″N 99°43′28″W / 33.98583°N 99.72444°W / 33.98583; -99.72444 (33.985838, -99.724430).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km2), all of it land.
Elevation is about 1,300 ft (400 m) above sea level. The terrain is varied, but mostly level with rolling hills. Soil varies from slightly sandy loam to mostly sandy. Soil and meteorological conditions make the area suitable for growing wheat, cotton, and hay crops (alfalfa and cane). Little of the area immediately around Crowell has underground water in amounts suitable for irrigation. The majority of the area immediately east of Crowell is dedicated to cultivated crops. The majority of the area immediately west of Crowell is dedicated to raising beef cattle.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,141 people, 465 households, and 292 families residing in the city. The population density was 604.6 people per square mile (233.1/km²). There were 568 housing units at an average density of 301.0 per square mile (116.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.26% White, 3.07% African American, 0.70% Native American, 11.13% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.62% of the population.
wn.com/Crowell,_Texas -
Crystal City, Texas
Crystal City is a city in and the county seat of Zavala County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,190 at the 2000 census. The mascot of Crystal City High School is the Javelina.
Crystal City was originally settled by American farmers and ranchers producing cattle and various crops. The successful production of spinach crops evolved into a dominant industry. By March 26, 1937, spinach growers had erected a statue of the cartoon character Popeye in the town because his reliance on spinach for strength led to greater popularity for the vegetable, which had become a staple cash crop of the local economy. See the Popeye statue web entry.
During World War II, Crystal City was home to the largest of the World War II internment camps, having housed American civilians of German, Japanese, and Italian ancestry. However, the majority of internees were South American citizens.
The camp was administered by the INS and Department of Justice. To reduce hardships during internment and to reunite families, the INS originally intended to detain only Japanese at Crystal City, especially the many Latin-American Japanese families brought to the United States for internment pending repatriation. Germans and Italians, however, were also held in Crystal City. In the fall of 1942, the INS assumed ownership of the Farm Security Administration's migratory farm workers' camp outside Crystal City.
wn.com/Crystal_City,_Texas -
Cuero, Texas
Cuero is a city in DeWitt County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,571 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of DeWitt County. It is also unofficially known as the "turkey capital of the world" (this is reflected in the Cuero High School mascot, the Gobblers). In 2010, Cuero was named one of the 'Coolest Small Towns in America,' by Budget Travel Magazine.
Cuero is located at 29°5′37″N 97°17′28″W / 29.09361°N 97.29111°W / 29.09361; -97.29111 (29.093638, -97.291122).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.9 square miles (13 km2), of which, 4.9 square miles (13 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.40%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,571 people, 2,500 households, and 1,695 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,331.1 people per square mile (513.6/km²). There were 2,867 housing units at an average density of 580.8 per square mile (224.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.25% White, 16.71% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 12.84% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.73% of the population.
wn.com/Cuero,_Texas -
Daingerfield, Texas
Daingerfield is a city in Morris County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,517 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Morris County.
Ernest Wallace (1906–1985), historian of the South Plains, the Comanche Indians, and the State of Texas, was born in Daingerfield.
Daingerfield is located at 33°1′51″N 94°43′28″W / 33.03083°N 94.72444°W / 33.03083; -94.72444 (33.030721, -94.724451).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,517 people, 957 households, and 694 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,043.0 people per square mile (403.2/km²). There were 1,119 housing units at an average density of 463.7 per square mile (179.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 67.5% White, 26.1% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 3.8% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.3% of the population.
wn.com/Daingerfield,_Texas -
Dalhart, Texas
Dalhart is a city in Dallam and Hartley counties in the U.S. state of Texas, and the county seat of Dallam County. The population was 7,237 at the 2000 census. Founded in 1901, Dalhart is named for its location on the border of Dallam and Hartley counties. Dalhart sits at the intersection of U.S. Highway 87, 385, and 54. Two miles south of Dalhart is Rita Blanca Canyon, site of Rita Blanca Lake State Park.
The city of Dalhart is known by many Texans as a gateway to the Colorado Rockies. The city's position in the northwestern corner of the Texas Panhandle -- only the town of Texline is further northwestward in Texas—makes it a pivotal stopover for travelers going to or returning from the mountains. The City was founded at the site of a Railroad junction, which heavily contributed to its early growth.
Dalhart is also known as the "XIT City" because of its relationship with the historic XIT Ranch. The ranch was a 3,000,000-acre (12,000 km2) plot of land traded in exchange for the construction of the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The ranch was dissolved in 1912, but its history is celebrated with the city's XIT Museum and the XIT Rodeo and Reunion. Held annually on the first full Thursday through Sunday weekend of August, the event includes the world's largest free barbecue, junior rodeo as well as Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association events, three nights of live music, and a variety of other offering to celebrate the occasion. The Empty Saddle Monument, located at the crossroads of Dalhart, was constructed in 1940 at the request of Bobby Dycke, the wife of a ranch hand, to recognize the contribution of the XIT cowboys to the history of the region.
wn.com/Dalhart,_Texas -
Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.
wn.com/Dallas -
Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (colloquially referred to as the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex). As of the 2010 census, the county had an official population of 2,368,139 and is now the ninth most populous county in the United States. Dallas county was founded in 1846 and was named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States.
Its county seat is Dallas, which is also the largest city in the county, the third-largest city in Texas, and the eighth-largest city in the United States. Dallas County is the most populous county within the metropolitan area and contains the largest of its principal cities.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 908 square miles (2,352 km2), of which 880 square miles (2,279 km2) is land and 29 square miles (75 km2) (3.19%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,218,899 people, 807,621 households, and 533,837 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,523 people per square mile (974/km²). There were 854,119 housing units at an average density of 971/sq mi (375/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 58.35% White, 20.31% Black or African American, 0.56% Native American, 3.98% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 14.04% from other races, and 2.70% from two or more races. 29.87% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
wn.com/Dallas_County,_Texas -
Decatur, Texas
Decatur is a city located in Wise County, Texas, United States. This city was named after Stephen Decatur, Jr. The population was 5,201 at the 2000 census. A July 1, 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 6,432. It is the county seat of Wise County. Decatur is part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex and is located 25 miles northwest of Fort Worth and 45 miles northwest of Dallas.
Decatur is located at 33°13′52″N 97°35′19″W / 33.23111°N 97.58861°W / 33.23111; -97.58861 (33.231073, -97.588628).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.0 square miles (18.0 km²). 7.0 square miles (18.0 km²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. The highest point of elevation in the county is at the location that the courthouse in Decatur currently occupies. The intent of placing the town on this high point of elevation was to be able to sight and ward off any incoming attacks or raids by Native Americans.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,201 people residing in the city. The population density was 747.6 people per square mile (288.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.64% White, 1.98% African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 12.44% from other races, and 2.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.53% of the population.
wn.com/Decatur,_Texas -
Del Rio, Texas
Del Rio is a border city in and the county seat of Val Verde County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 35,591. Del Rio is connected with Ciudad Acuña via the Lake Amistad Dam International Crossing and Del Río – Ciudad Acuña International Bridge. Del Rio is also home to Laughlin Air Force Base, the busiest pilot training base in the United States Air Force.
The Spanish established a small settlement south of the Rio Grande in present-day Mexico, and some Spaniards settled on what became the United States side of the Rio Grande as early as the 18th century. However, true development of the U.S. side of the Rio Grande did not begin until after the American Civil War.
The San Felipe Springs, about 8 miles (13 km) east of the Rio Grande on the U.S. side of the border, produces 90 million US gallons (340,000 m3) of water a day. Developers acquired several thousand acres of land adjacent to the springs, and to San Felipe Creek formed by the springs, from the State of Texas in exchange for building a canal system to irrigate the area. The developers sold tracts of land surrounding the canals to recover their investment and show a profit. These investors formed the San Felipe Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Irrigation Company in 1868. The organization completed construction of a network of irrigation canals in 1871. Residents referred to the slowly developing town as San Felipe Del Rio because local lore said the name came from early Spanish explorers who offered a Mass at the site on St. Philip's Day, 1635.
wn.com/Del_Rio,_Texas -
Denison, Texas
Denison is a city in Grayson County, Texas, United States. The population was 22,773 at the 2000 census; it is estimated to have grown to 24,127 in 2009. Denison is one of two principal cities in the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The city of Denison was founded in 1872 in conjunction with the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad (MKT) or "Katy" depot. It was named after the wealthy Ryan Greenwood vice president George Denison. Because the town was established at the intersection of the MKT and the Red River (both important conduits of transportation in the industrial era), it came to be an important commercial center in the 19th century American West. In 1875 John Henry "Doc" Holliday had offices in Denison.
During the phylloxera epidemic of the mid-19th century, which destroyed the vast majority of wine grapes in Europe, Denison horticulturalist T.V. Munson pioneered methods in creating phylloxera resistant vines, and earned induction into the French Legion of Honor, as well as sister city status for Denison and Cognac, France.
wn.com/Denison,_Texas -
Denton, Texas
Denton is the county seat of Denton County in the U.S. state of Texas. Its population was 113,383 according to the 2010 United States Census, making it the eleventh largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is located 38 miles (61 km) south of the border between Oklahoma and Texas and 39 miles (63 km) northwest of Dallas.
A Texas land grant led to the formation of Denton County in 1846, and the city was formed in 1857. Both were named after pioneer and Texas militia captain John B. Denton. The establishment of the University of North Texas in 1890 and Texas Woman's University in 1901 distinguished the city from neighboring regions. With over 45,000 students enrolled at the two universities, Denton is often characterized as a college town. As a result of the universities' growth, educational services play a large role in the city's economy.
Denton is known for its active music life. The North Texas State Fair and Rodeo and the Denton Arts and Jazz Festival attract over 300,000 people to the city each year. In 2006, Money magazine named it one of the "Top 100 Best Places to Live in America."
wn.com/Denton,_Texas -
Denver, Colorado
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
wn.com/Denver,_Colorado -
Dickens, Texas
Dickens is a city in and the county seat of Dickens County, Texas, United States. The population was 332 at the 2000 census.
Charles Weldon Cannon (1915–1997), a Dickens County native, made his famous boots and saddles in Dickens.
Dickens is located at 33°37′17″N 100°50′6″W / 33.62139°N 100.835°W / 33.62139; -100.835 (33.621341, -100.834987).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 332 people, 133 households, and 88 families residing in the city. The population density was 340.1 people per square mile (130.8/km²). There were 163 housing units at an average density of 167.0/sq mi (64.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.58% White, 4.52% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.04% of the population.
There were 133 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.08.
wn.com/Dickens,_Texas -
Dimmitt, Texas
Dimmitt is a city in Castro County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,375 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Castro County. It is located on the old Ozark Trail, a road system from St. Louis, Missouri, to El Paso, Texas. The Ozark Trail is marked at the courthouse.
Dimmitt is located at 34°32′57″N 102°18′55″W / 34.54917°N 102.31528°W / 34.54917; -102.31528 (34.549052, -102.315355).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land. Dimmitt is south of Hereford, the seat of Deaf Smith County.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,375 people, 1,464 households, and 1,124 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,116.4 people per square mile (816.0/km²). There were 1,692 housing units at an average density of 818.5 per square mile (315.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.02% White, 2.99% African American, 1.69% Native American, 18.10% from other races, and 2.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 56.94% of the population.
wn.com/Dimmitt,_Texas -
Dumas, Texas
Dumas is a city in Moore County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,691 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Moore County. Located approximately fifty miles north of Amarillo, the city is named for its founder, Louis Dumas (1856–1923). Dumas Avenue, the main thoroughfare, is also United States Highways 287 and 87.
Window on the Plains Museum, which offers exhibits on Moore County and the Texas Panhandle, is located on South Dumas Avenue, the main thoroughfare. Dumas is home to Moore County Airport, a general aviation airport 2-miles west of the central business district.
The Dumas government claims, with some documentation, that the song "I'm a Ding Dong Daddy From Dumas" was written about the city. Composed in the late 1920s by Phil Baxter (a native Texan who lived for a time in Dumas) and Carl Moore, the song has also sometimes been claimed by Dumas in Desha County in southeastern Arkansas.
Dumas is the home of Republican former State Representative David A. Swinford, now a lobbyist, and the birth place of Joe "King" Carrasco.
wn.com/Dumas,_Texas -
Eagle Pass, Texas
Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County The population was 27,183 as of the 2010 census.
Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande. The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area (EG-PN) is one of six bi-national metropolitan areas along the United States-Mexican border. As of January 2008 (United States Census, 2008), the Eagle Pass Metropolitan Area's population is 48,401 people, and the Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area's population is 169,771.
Eagle Pass was the first United States settlement on the Rio Grande. Originally known as Camp Eagle Pass, it served as a temporary outpost for the Texas militia, which had been ordered to stop illegal trade with Mexico during the Mexican-American War.
The United States Army established the presumably permanent Fort Duncan on March 27, 1849, a couple of miles upstream from Camp Eagle Pass. Captain Sidney Burbank supervised the construction of Fort Duncan, which was named after Colonel James Duncan, a hero of the Mexican War. After the Mexican-American war, trade flourished under the protection of the fort. The fort was near the trail of westward immigration to California. It also served as an outpost against hostile Apache. It was abandoned and reopened several times. In March 1860, it served as the base of operations against the border assaults arranged by Juan N. Cortina.
wn.com/Eagle_Pass,_Texas -
Eastland, Texas
Eastland is a city in Eastland County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,769 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Eastland County.
During the 1920s, Eastland, like nearby Cisco, Ranger, and Desdemona, were petroleum boomtowns.
Eastland is known for the legend of "Old Rip", a horned toad that lived many years sealed in the cornerstone of the previous Eastland courthouse built in 1897. In 1928, the current courthouse was erected, the prior cornerstone was opened, and "Old Rip" was found alive. The animal, a kind of lizard, received national publicity. It died in 1929 of pneumonia and was placed in a glass-front casket on view in the present courthouse.
Eastland is located at 32°23′55″N 98°49′16″W / 32.39861°N 98.82111°W / 32.39861; -98.82111 (32.398715, -98.821144).
Eastland is located 96 miles West-Southwest of Fort Worth, Texas. The city is accessed by Interstate 20 between exits 340 to the south and 343 to the east. Interstate 20 starts going due west after passing Eastland from Fort Worth.
wn.com/Eastland,_Texas -
Eddie Lucio, Jr.
Eduardo Andres “Eddie” Lucio, Jr. (born 20 January 1946) is a Democratic member of the Texas Senate representing the 27th District since 1991.
Lucio is the father of Eddie Lucio, III who currently serves in the Texas House of Representatives.
In the Texas Senate, Senator Lucio is a member of the powerful Senate Finance Committee and serves as Chairman of the International Relations and Trade Committee. He also sits on the Committees on Business and Commerce, State Affairs and Government Organization.
During the 80th Legislative Session, Senator Lucio made tremendous inroads in the field of health care and education. Not only is he known as Father of the Regional Academic Health Center (RAHC), he passed a bill during the 81st Legislative Session that creates the University of Texas Health Science Center - South Texas to serve Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Willacy, Brooks, Jim Hogg, Kenedy, Kleberg, and Zapata counties, and providing South Texans a full-fledged medical school.
His other accomplishments also include forming the partnership between the University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College allowing UTB to become a four year university and have access to the Permanent University Fund. Additionally, he authored the bill to create South Texas Community College.
wn.com/Eddie_Lucio,_Jr. -
Edinburg, Texas
Edinburg is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 77,100 at the 2010 census. The University of Texas–Pan American, the only fully accredited four-year university in the Rio Grande Valley, is located in Edinburg.
Edinburg is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas.
In 1908, John Closner, William Briggs, Argyle McAllen, Plutarco de la Viña and Dennis B. Chapin developed a new community (the town square of which is now located at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 281 and State Highway 107). The town was named Chapin in honor of one of the developers. It became the county seat of Hidalgo County in a dramatic, nighttime covert operation in which the county records were removed from the previous county seat, Hidalgo, Texas. When Dennis Chapin was involved in the shooting death of Oscar J. Rountree at the Dan Breen Saloon in San Antonio, Texas, the community changed its name to Edinburg to honor John Young, a prominent businessman who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. The town was incorporated in 1919.
wn.com/Edinburg,_Texas -
Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north, and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west.San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The eastern portion of the plateau is the Texas Hill Country.
According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the following 40 counties comprise the Edwards Plateau:
The bedrock consists primarily of limestone, with elevations ranging between 100 ft. and 3000 ft. Caves are numerous.
The landscape of the Plateau is mostly savanna scattered with trees. It mostly lacks deep soil suitable for farming, though the soil is fertile mollisols and some cotton, grain sorghum and oats are grown. For the most part, though, the thin soil and rough terrain areas are primarily grazing regions, with cattle, sheep and Angora goats predominant. Several rivers cross the region, which generally flow to the south and east through the Texas Hill Country toward the Gulf of Mexico; springs occur (in wet years), however permanent surface water supplies are sparse throughout the area, except for man-made reservoirs. The area is well drained; rainwater flows into the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone at the south of the plateau to feed rivers to the south. Rainfall varies from 15 to 33 in. per year, on average, from northwest to southeast, and the area has a moderate temperature and a reasonably long growing season.
wn.com/Edwards_Plateau -
El Paso
El Paso /ɛlˈpæsoʊ/ is the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in far West Texas. According to the 2010 census the city's population is 649,121. It is the sixth largest city in Texas and the 19th largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County, whose population in 2010 was 800,647.
El Paso stands on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), across the border from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The two cities form a combined international metropolitan area, sometimes called El Paso–Juárez, with Juárez being the significantly larger of the two in population. They have a combined population of two million, two-thirds of which reside in Juárez. In 2010 El Paso was awarded an All-America City Award, the oldest community-recognition program in the United States.
El Paso is home to the University of Texas at El Paso (founded in 1914 as The Texas State School of Mines and Metallurgy, and later, Texas Western College; its current name dates from 1967) and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso. Fort Bliss, one of the largest military complexes of the United States Army, lies to the east and northeast of the city, with training areas extending north into New Mexico, up to the White Sands Missile Range and neighboring Holloman Air Force Base in Alamogordo. El Paso is the first large city in the world to have a spaceport in the vicinity. Spaceport America, which lies 90 miles from El Paso, has seen the completion of several successful manned, suborbital flights. The Franklin Mountains extend into El Paso from the north and nearly divide the city into two sections; the western half forms the beginnings of the Mesilla Valley, and the eastern slopes connect in the central business district at the south end of the mountain range.
wn.com/El_Paso -
El Paso, Texas
El Paso /ɛlˈpæsoʊ/ is the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in far West Texas. According to the 2010 census the city's population is 649,121. It is the sixth largest city in Texas and the 19th largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County, whose population in 2010 was 800,647.
El Paso stands on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), across the border from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The two cities form a combined international metropolitan area, sometimes called El Paso–Juárez, with Juárez being the significantly larger of the two in population. They have a combined population of two million, two-thirds of which reside in Juárez. In 2010 El Paso was awarded an All-America City Award, the oldest community-recognition program in the United States.
El Paso is home to the University of Texas at El Paso (founded in 1914 as The Texas State School of Mines and Metallurgy, and later, Texas Western College; its current name dates from 1967) and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso. Fort Bliss, one of the largest military complexes of the United States Army, lies to the east and northeast of the city, with training areas extending north into New Mexico, up to the White Sands Missile Range and neighboring Holloman Air Force Base in Alamogordo. El Paso is the first large city in the world to have a spaceport in the vicinity. Spaceport America, which lies 90 miles from El Paso, has seen the completion of several successful manned, suborbital flights. The Franklin Mountains extend into El Paso from the north and nearly divide the city into two sections; the western half forms the beginnings of the Mesilla Valley, and the eastern slopes connect in the central business district at the south end of the mountain range.
wn.com/El_Paso,_Texas -
Eldorado, Texas
Eldorado is a city in and the county seat of Schleicher County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,951 at the 2000 census, but dropped to 1,800 according to a July 2009 estimate.Eldorado is located on U.S. Highway 277 some twenty-one miles north of Sonora and forty-three miles south of San Angelo, Texas.
Eldorado is located at 30°51′39″N 100°35′54″W / 30.86083°N 100.59833°W / 30.86083; -100.59833 (30.860746, -100.598329).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,951 people, 712 households, and 513 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,407.5 people per square mile (541.9/km²). There were 838 housing units at an average density of 604.6 per square mile (232.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.63% White, 2.15% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 24.24% from other races, and 2.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 53.92% of the population.
wn.com/Eldorado,_Texas -
Emory, Texas
Emory is a city in Rains County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,021 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Rains County. Previously known as Springville, the city is named after Emory Rains who was a legislator from the area. Rains was the author of the Homestead Law of Texas which was later used as a model for the protection of homesteads throughout the United States. Special legislation passed to create Rains County called for the citizens to vote on the location of the county seat and for that selected town to be renamed Emory.
Emory is located at 32°52′36″N 95°45′59″W / 32.876773°N 95.766404°W / 32.876773; -95.766404 (32.876773, -95.766404).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,021 people, 410 households, and 261 families residing in the city. The population density was 660.1 people per square mile (254.3/km2). There were 481 housing units at an average density of 311.0 per square mile (119.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.50% White, 5.48% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.39% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.94% of the population.
wn.com/Emory,_Texas -
Everglades, Florida
Everglades (also known as Everglades City) is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. The population was 479 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 513.[1] It is part of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Gulf Coast Visitor Center for Everglades National Park is in Everglades City.
Everglades is located at 25°51′32″N 81°23′05″W / 25.858768°N 81.384715°W / 25.858768; -81.384715.
It is at the mouth of the Barron River, on Chokoloskee Bay. Chokoloskee Bay is about ten miles (16 km) long and 2 miles (3.2 km) wide, and runs southeast to northwest along the mainland of Collier County. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by the northern end of the Ten Thousand Islands. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2). 0.9 square miles (2.3 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (21.01%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 479 people, 230 households, and 154 families residing in the city. The population density was 513.2 inhabitants per square mile (198.9/km²). There were 345 housing units at an average density of 369.6 per square mile (143.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.45% White, 0.84% African American, 0.63% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 1.46% from other races, and 0.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.97% of the population.
wn.com/Everglades,_Florida -
Fairfield, Texas
Fairfield is a city in Freestone County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,094 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Freestone County.
Fairfield is located at 31°43′19″N 96°9′29″W / 31.72194°N 96.15806°W / 31.72194; -96.15806 (31.721940, -96.158011).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.5 square miles (12 km2), all of it land. Also according to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, the population of Fairfield is 3,705.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,094 people, 1,235 households, and 791 families residing in the city. The population density was 685.6 people per square mile (264.9/km²). There were 1,431 housing units at an average density of 317.1 per square mile (122.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.46% White, 21.43% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 4.65% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.50% of the population.
There were 1,235 households out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.06.
wn.com/Fairfield,_Texas -
Falfurrias, Texas
Falfurrias is a city in and the county seat of Brooks County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,297 at the 2000 census. The town is named for founder Edward Cunningham Lasater's ranch, La Mota de Falfurrias. In 1893, the Falfurrias ranch was one of the largest in Texas at some 350,000 acres.
Falfurrias is located at 27°13′36″N 98°8′42″W / 27.22667°N 98.145°W / 27.22667; -98.145 (27.226529, -98.144922). The city is centered around the intersection of U.S. Highway 281 and State Highway 285. Falfurrias is approximately 81 miles southwest of Corpus Christi, 90 miles southeast of Laredo, and 36 miles south of Alice.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2), all of it land.
Falfurrias' founding and development were largely due to the efforts of Edward Cunningham Lasater, a pioneer Rio Grande Valley rancher and developer. In 1895, he started a cattle ranch in what was then northern Starr County. At one point, it was one of the largest ranches in Texas. With the extension of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway south from Alice to his ranch in 1904, Lasater founded the town of Falfurrias and subdivided a sizable portion of his ranch land for sale to other farmers. In 1898, a post office opened in the community. A local newspaper began publication in 1906. Lasater brought in his Jersey cows and established a creamery in 1909. Sweet cream butter and other products from Edward Lasater's creamery company made the town a familiar name across the state. But that butter is no longer made from milk produced in Falfurrias. Don Pedro Jaramillo, a Mexican-born curandero known as "The Healer of Los Olmos," was buried in Falfurrias in 1907 and is venerated at a shrine there.
wn.com/Falfurrias,_Texas -
Farwell, Texas
Farwell is a city in and the county seat of Parmer County, Texas, United States. Farwell is located on the Texas-New Mexico border with the town of Texico, New Mexico on the opposite side. It is located 10 miles (16 km) east of Clovis, New Mexico and 88 miles (142 km) northwest of Lubbock, Texas.
The early years of Farwell were tied to the legenday XIT Ranch, which covered parts of twelve Texas counties prior to its closing in the 1940s.
One of the few obelisks marking the Ozark Trail is located at Farwell City Park. The lighted structure was unveiled in 2010 at a cost of $11,000. The Ozark Trail extended from St. Louis, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Other such markers are in Wellington, Dimmitt, and Tulia, Texas.
Farwell lies on the level plains of the Llano Estacado at 34°22′59″N 103°2′18″W / 34.38306°N 103.03833°W / 34.38306; -103.03833 (34.382919, -103.038339).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,364 people, 499 households, and 346 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,666.8 people per square mile (642.2/km²). There were 560 housing units at an average density of 684.3 per square mile (263.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.00% White, 0.44% African American, 0.51% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 20.82% from other races, and 2.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.96% of the population.
wn.com/Farwell,_Texas -
Floresville, Texas
Floresville is a city in Wilson County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,448 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Wilson County. The city is also part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Floresville was the birthplace of former Texas Governor, United States Secretary of the Treasury, and Republican presidential contender John Bowden Connally, Jr. (1917–1993), and his seven siblings, including actor Merrill Connally (1921–2001) and Wayne Connally (1923–2000), a former member of both houses of the Texas State Legislature. The Connally Memorial Medical Center in Floresville is named for John, Merrill, and Wayne Connally.
Floresville was also the birthplace of Vicente T. Ximenes (born 1919), a former member of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and a civil rights activist.
Floresville is located at 29°8′11″N 98°9′28″W / 29.13639°N 98.15778°W / 29.13639; -98.15778 (29.136255, -98.157908).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12.3 km²), all of it land.
wn.com/Floresville,_Texas -
Florida
Florida (i/ˈflɒrɪdə/) is a state in the southeastern United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state capital is Tallahassee, its largest city is Jacksonville, and the South Florida metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S.
Much of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Its geography is marked by a coastline, by the omnipresence of water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state to border both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and its terrain is characterized by sedimentary soils. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. Its symbolic animals like the American alligator, Florida panther and the manatee, can be found in the Everglades, one of the most famous national parks in the world.
wn.com/Florida -
Floydada, Texas
Floydada is a city in and the county seat of Floyd County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,038 at the 2010 census.
According to the Texas State Historical Association, the community of Floydada, originally named Floyd City, was established on 640 acres of land donated by James B. and Caroline Price of Jefferson City, Missouri. Floydada won the county seat over Della Plain. When a post office came to town, the name was changed to Floydada. Some claim the new name was meant to be Floydalia and was garbled in transmission to Washington; others say it was a combination of the county name and that of donor James Price's mother, Ada; still another version is that it was named for Caroline Price's parents, Floyd and Ada. Floydada became an important railroad junction in 1928 when the Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railway finally arrived.
Floydada is located at 33°59′2″N 101°20′14″W / 33.98389°N 101.33722°W / 33.98389; -101.33722 (33.983771, -101.337259).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
wn.com/Floydada,_Texas -
Fort Brown
Fort Brown was a military post of the United States Army in Texas during the later half of 19th century and the early part of the 20th century.
In 1845, the U.S. Army began construction of a new fort (then known as "Fort Texas") on the northern side of the Rio Grande River. The next year, the fort played a role during the opening of the Mexican-American War. During the Siege of Fort Texas, two Americans were killed, including Major Jacob Brown. In honor of the fallen major, General Zachary Taylor renamed the post Fort Brown. In 1849, the city of Brownsville, Texas, was established not far from the fort's grounds.
In 1861 Confederate Col. John "Rip" Ford occupied the fort until 1863 when they were finally driven out by Union forces under General Nathaniel P. Banks, who then camped in tents erected at the fort site. This ended in 1864 when Confederate forces under General J. S. Slaughter and Colonel Ford reoccupied the area. They would hold the post until the end of the war.
From 1867–1869, a permanent fort was constructed under the supervision of Capt. William A. Wainwright.
wn.com/Fort_Brown -
Fort Davis, Texas
Fort Davis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,050 at the 2000 census and 1,041 according to a 2007 estimate. It is the county seat of Jeff Davis County. It was the site of Fort Davis established in 1854 on the San Antonio-El Paso Road through west Texas and named after Jefferson Davis, who was then the Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce.
Fort Davis is located at 30°35′34″N 103°53′31″W / 30.59278°N 103.89194°W / 30.59278; -103.89194 (30.592880, -103.891996).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.6 square miles (15 km2), all land.
Fort Davis has the highest elevation above sea level of any county seat in Texas; the elevation is 5,050 feet.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,050 people, 415 households, and 298 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 188.2 people per square mile (72.7/km²). There were 525 housing units at an average density of 94.1 per square mile (36.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.29% White, 0.19% African American, 0.48% Native American, 7.62% from other races, and 3.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.33% of the population.
wn.com/Fort_Davis,_Texas -
Fort Myers, Florida
Fort Myers is the county seat and commercial center of Lee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 62,298 in the 2010 census, a 29.23 percent increase over the 2000 figure.
The city is one of two major cities that make up the Cape Coral-Fort Myers Metropolitan Statistical Area, the other being Cape Coral. The 2010 population for the metropolitan area was 618,754.
Established in 1886, Fort Myers is the historical and governmental hub of Lee County. It is the gateway to the Southwest Florida region, which is a major tourist destination in Florida. The winter homes of Thomas Edison (Seminole Lodge) and Henry Ford (The Mangoes), which are both primary tourist attractions in the region, are located on McGregor Boulevard in Fort Myers.
On August 13, 2004, Fort Myers was struck by Hurricane Charley, a Category 4 hurricane that made landfall north of the area. In 2005, Hurricane Wilma struck south of Naples, but caused extensive damage nonetheless in Fort Myers and its southern suburbs.
wn.com/Fort_Myers,_Florida -
Fort Stockton, Texas
Fort Stockton is a city in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,535 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Pecos County.
Fort Stockton is located at 30°53′29″N 102°53′6″W / 30.89139°N 102.885°W / 30.89139; -102.885 (30.891383, -102.885032).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,535 people, 2,790 households, and 2,106 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,531.3 people per square mile (591.7/km²). There were 3,189 housing units at an average density of 622.4 per square mile (240.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.06% White, 0.89% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 25.16% from other races, and 2.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71% of the population.
There were 2,790 households out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.25.
wn.com/Fort_Stockton,_Texas -
Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the 16th-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas. Located in North Central Texas, just southeast of the Texas Panhandle, the city is a cultural gateway into the American West and covers nearly 300 square miles (780 km2) in Tarrant, Denton, and Wise counties, serving as the seat for Tarrant County. According to the 2010 Census, Fort Worth had a population of 741,206. It has been estimated that by 2030 it will have 1,211,665 residents. The city is the second most populous in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.
The city was established in 1849 as an Army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River. Today Fort Worth still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design.USS Fort Worth (LCS-3) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city.
Major General William Jenkins Worth (1794–1849) was second in command to General Zachary Taylor at the opening of the Mexican–American War in 1846. After the war, Worth was placed in command of the Department of Texas in 1849. In January 1849 Worth proposed a line of ten forts to mark the western Texas frontier from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River. One month later Worth died from cholera. General William S. Harney assumed command of the Department of Texas and ordered Major Ripley A. Arnold to find a new fort site near the West Fork and Clear Fork. On June 6, 1849, Arnold established a camp on the bank of the Trinity River and named the post Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth. In August 1849 Arnold moved the camp to the north-facing bluff which overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River.
wn.com/Fort_Worth,_Texas -
Franklin, Texas
Franklin is a city in Robertson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,470 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Robertson County. Franklin is part of the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.
Franklin is located at 31°1′34″N 96°29′10″W / 31.02611°N 96.48611°W / 31.02611; -96.48611 (31.026222, -96.486086).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,470 people, 533 households, and 351 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,594.4 people per square mile (616.9/km²). There were 626 housing units at an average density of 679.0 per square mile (262.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.51% White, 19.52% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.93% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.84% of the population.
There were 533 households out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.20.
wn.com/Franklin,_Texas -
Gail, Texas
Gail is a Census Designated Place in Borden County, Texas, United States. Located at the junction of U.S. Highway 180 and Farm to Market Road 669, it is the county seat of Borden County. The town and county are named for Gail Borden, Jr., of Houston, the inventor of condensed milk. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 236.
Founded in 1891 to coincide with the organization of Borden County, Gail has served as county seat for the duration of its existence. Borden County had remained quite sparsely populated until 1903, when the locally famed "War of Ribbons", inspired by a state sanctioned land grab, took place. The conflict took its name from the practice of established ranchers displaying their affiliation and identity by way of a blue ribbon on their sleeves, whereas new settlers to the area designated theirs with a similarly placed red ribbon. By 1910, Gail was home to more than 700 residents, and though this would fall to 600 by 1912 the community remained the economic and governmental hub of Borden County.
wn.com/Gail,_Texas -
Gainesville, Texas
Gainesville is a city in and the county seat of Cooke County, Texas, United States. The population was 15,538 at the 2000 census.
Founded in 1850, the city of Gainesville was established on a 40-acre tract of land donated by Mary E. Clark. City residents called their new community Liberty, which proved short-lived, as a Liberty, Texas already existed. It was suggested by one of the original settlers of Cooke County, Colonel William Fitzhugh, that the town be named after General Edmund Pendleton Gaines. Gaines, a United States General under whom Fitzhugh had served, had been sympathetic with the Texas Revolution.
The first hint of prosperity arrived with the Butterfield Stagecoach in September 1858, bringing freight, passengers, and mail. During the Civil War, the Great Hanging, a controversial trial and hanging of suspected Union loyalists, brought the new town to the attention of the state and came close to ripping the county apart. In the decade after the Civil War, Gainesville had its first period of extended growth, catalyzed by the expansion of the cattle industry in Texas. Gainesville, only seven miles from the Oklahoma border, became a supply point for cowboys driving herds north to Kansas. The merchants of Gainesville reaped considerable benefits from the passing cattle drives.
wn.com/Gainesville,_Texas -
Galveston, Texas
Galveston ( /ˈɡælvɨstən/) is a coastal city located on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census[update], the city had a total population of 47,743 within an area of 208 square miles (540 km2). Located within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, the city is the seat and second-largest city of Galveston County in population.
Named after Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, Galveston's first European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816. The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its successful independence from Spain. The city served as the main port for the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution and later served as the capital of the Republic of Texas.
During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the United States. Galveston is known for the hurricane that devastated the city in 1900. The natural disaster that followed still counts as the deadliest in American history.
wn.com/Galveston,_Texas -
Garden City, Texas
Garden City is a Census Designated Place in Glasscock County, Texas, United States. It lies near the center of the county, approximately 27 miles south of Big Spring. Garden City serves as the Glasscock County seat, and at the 2010 Census, had a population of 334. The ZIP code is 79739.
Garden City's history begins in 1886, when what became the town's post office was established in a general store, and a settlement began to develop in the area around the business. The post office was to be named after the store proprietor, a man by the name of Gardner. However, after a clerical error by officials in Washington, the postal franchise was granted under the name Garden City.
Garden City was the first Texas community platted by renowned surveyor W. D. Twichell, a Minnesota native.
In 1893, Glasscock County was organized, and Garden City vied for the county seat along with two other area communities, New California and Dixie. New California was ultimately chosen as the county seat; it was located in a less flood prone region and had a readily accessible water supply. However, at the time of the county's organization, New California consisted of a mere two dwellings and an equally sparse population, whereas Garden City boasted a school, the general store/post office, and several homes. In a unique compromise, most of Garden City's structures were placed on wheels and relocated to the New California site, and on April 5, 1893 the settlement was renamed Garden City. A two story stone courthouse was constructed later that same year, followed by a new, larger courthouse in 1910 (with the former building remaining in use as the Glasscock County Jail).
wn.com/Garden_City,_Texas -
Garland, Texas
Garland is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is a large city northeast of Dallas and is a part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is located almost entirely within Dallas County, except for small portions in Collin County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 226,876, making it the twelfth-most populous city in Texas and the 87th most populous city in the United States.
In 2008, Garland was ranked #67 on CNN and Money magazine's list of the "Top 100 Places to Live".
Immigrants began arriving in the Peters colony area around 1850, but a community wasn't created until 1874. Two communities sprung up in the area: Embree, named for the physician K. H. Embree, and Duck Creek, named for the local creek of the same name. A rivalry between the two towns ensued as the area began to grow around the Santa Fe Railroad depot. Eventually, to settle a dispute regarding which town should have the local post office, Dallas County Judge Thomas A. Nash asked visiting Congressman Joe Abbott to move the post office between the two towns. The move was completed in 1887. The new location was named Garland after U.S. Attorney General Augustus Hill Garland. Soon after, the towns of Embree and Duck Creek were combined, and the three areas combined to form the city of Garland, which was incorporated in 1891. By 1904 the town had a population of 819 people.
wn.com/Garland,_Texas -
Gatesville, Texas
Gatesville is a city in and the county seat of Coryell County in Central Texas, United States of America. The population was 15,591 at the 2000 census. The city has five of the eight prisons and state jails for women operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and one of the facilities, the Mountain View Unit, has the state's death row for women.
Gatesville is home to the Mitchell Collection that is said to be the largest spur collection in the world and earned Gatesville the title "Spur Capital of Texas", as well as one of the last fully operational, full-time drive-in theaters in Texas.
In 2000, The Gatesville Hornets won the Texas State 3A High School Football Championship.
Former President George W. Bush's Prairie Chapel Ranch is less than 25 miles northeast of Gatesville in nearby McLennan County.
The Leon River runs past Gatesville and crosses under Main Street (U.S. 84) on the west end of town.
Two manufacturing companies are located in Gatesville: Kalyn Siebert (a division of Heil Trailer, which is owned by Dover Corporation) manufactures trailers for commercial and military use, and Laerdal manufactures plastic medical teaching supplies.
wn.com/Gatesville,_Texas -
George West, Texas
George West is a city in Live Oak County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,524 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Live Oak County. George West was named the "storytelling capital of Texas" in 2005 by the Texas Senate; and it hosts the George West Storyfest, a festival that features storytelling, cowboy poetry, and music. Numerous ranches surround George West.
The Texas author and folklorist J. Frank Dobie was born in Live Oak County near George West in 1888. Former State Senator Cyndi Taylor Krier, also the administrative judge of Bexar County, was reared near George West in the unincorporated community of Dinero.
George West was a land venture and ranching enterprise of George Washington West and Kittie West. Originally from San Antonio, West began to build his town in 1913, after ranching in the area from 1880 to 1912. He sold his cattle holdings and began to colonize some 75,000 acres (300 km2).
He offered the railroad $100,000 and a free easement through his land to build to George West. He offered $75,000 to build a new courthouse if the county seat was moved from Oakville and voters approved the measure in 1918. West also built schools, roads, and water and electricity plants.
wn.com/George_West,_Texas -
Georgetown, Texas
Georgetown is a city and also the county seat of Williamson County, Texas, United States with a population of 47,400 at the 2010 census. Southwestern University, founded in 1840, is the oldest university in Texas and is located in Georgetown, about 1/2 mile east of the historic square. Sun City Texas (formerly called Sun City Georgetown) is a large retirement-oriented and age restricted development which constitutes more than one-third of the population of Georgetown.
Georgetown has a notable range of Victorian commercial and residential architecture. In 1976 a local historic ordinance was passed to recognize and protect the significance of the historic central business district and in 1977 the Williamson County Courthouse Historic District, containing some 46 contributing structures, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Georgetown is called the "Red Poppy" Capital of Texas for the many red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) wildflowers planted throughout the city and in many residents' front yards, which bloom each Spring. Georgetown also holds a Red Poppy Festival in April each year. The festival attracts up to 30,000 visitors annually.
wn.com/Georgetown,_Texas -
Giddings, Texas
Giddings is the county seat of Lee County, Texas, United States situated on the intersection of U.S. Highways 77 and 290, 55 miles (89 km) east of Austin. Its population was 5,105 at the 2000 census. The city's motto is "Giddings Texas: Experience Hometown Hospitality".
The land where the city of Giddings now stands was part of the land granted to Stephen F. Austin in 1821 for a colony in Spanish Texas, and later became part of the Robertson Colony.
The city itself was founded in 1871 when the Houston and Texas Central Railway came to the area. It probably took its name from local magnate Jabez Deming Giddings, who was instrumental in bringing the railway to the area. He had come to the area from Pennsylvania in 1838 to claim the land bounty of his brother Giles A. Giddings, killed at the Battle of San Jacinto. Another theory is that the city was named after Jabez's brother Dewitt Clinton Giddings.
Early settlers in the new town were mostly pioneers from the surrounding communities, such as Old Evergreen and Shady Grove. The majority of these people were ethnic Anglo-Saxons, but a sizeable majority were Wendish families from the Serbin area. They would later establish the German-language newspaper Deutsches Volksblatt.
wn.com/Giddings,_Texas -
Gilmer, Texas
Gilmer is also the name of a county in West Virginia.
Gilmer is a town in and the county seat of Upshur County, Texas, United States. It is best known for being the birthplace of popular music singer Johnny Mathis. The population was 4,799 at the 2000 census. The town's namesake is a former United States Secretary of the Navy, Thomas Walker Gilmer.
Gilmer is located at 32°43'57" North, 94°56'49" West (32.732387, -94.946980).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.6 square miles (12.0 km²), all of it land.
Four miles west of Gilmer is Lake Gilmer, which opened September 29, 2001
Gilmer is part of a larger area known as the "Piney Woods". The city and the surrounding area boasts a number of impressive specimens. The historic Trail of Tears came through this region, to this day arrow heads and other Native American artifacts can be found with little to no digging.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,799 people, 1,926 households, and 1,300 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,038.5 people per square mile (401.1/km²). There were 2,214 housing units at an average density of 479.1 per square mile (185.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.91% White, 20.23% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.90% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.42% of the population.
wn.com/Gilmer,_Texas -
Glen Rose, Texas
Glen Rose is a city in Somervell County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Somervell County. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,444. Glen Rose is part of the Granbury micropolitan area.
The area was first settled in 1849 by Charles Barnard, who opened a trading post near Comanche Peak. After the region became a federal Indian reservation in 1855, Barnard moved his business to Fort Belknap. Circa 1859 when the reservation was abolished, he returned to the area and built the first store on what is now the site of Glen Rose.
A three-story stone gristmill was constructed along the Paluxy River and the town that grew up around it became known as Barnard's Mill. The mill was sold to T.C. Jordan of Dallas in 1871 for $65,000. Jordan's wife, a native of Scotland, decided to rename the town Rose Glen to reflect the area's natural surroundings. The citizens later voted to call the community Glen Rose. A post office opened in 1874.
When Somervell County was formed on March 15, 1875, Glen Rose was designated as its county seat. A Baptist college was organized in 1879 and was later sold to the Paluxy Baptist Association. In 1889, the northern Presbyterians opened Glen Rose Collegiate Institute (also known as Glen Rose College), which remained in operation for the next 15 to 20 years. A courthouse around Glen Rose's town square was completed around 1892, but burned down a year later. A newly built Romanesque Revival style courthouse was constructed soon after with locally quarried limestone. That building sustained damage in a 1902 tornado that also damaged part of the town square.
wn.com/Glen_Rose,_Texas -
Goldthwaite, Texas
Goldthwaite (established 1885) is a small city located in Mills County in Central Texas. The population was 1,802 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Mills County, which is named for John T. Mills, a justice of the Supreme Court for the Third, Seventh, and Eighth districts of the former Republic of Texas. Goldthwaite is located in the western portion of the Texas Hill Country. The elevation is 1,580 feet. Goldthwaite is situated at the intersections of U.S. Highways 84 and 183, Texas State Highway 16, and Texas Farm-to-Market Roads 572 and 574.
Goldthwaite was originally a part of the southern portion of Brown County. Like many other Texas communities, Goldthwaite was named for a railroad official, Joe C. Goldthwaite of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway, who conducted the auction of town lots. The post office opened in 1886. After Mills County was organized, several landowners donated property with the assurance that Goldthwaite would become the county seat. The first county jail was built in 1888, and the courthouse was completed in 1890.
wn.com/Goldthwaite,_Texas -
Goliad, Texas
Goliad is a city in Goliad County, Texas, United States. It had a population of 1975 at the 2000 census. Founded on the San Antonio River, it is the county seat of Goliad County. It is part of the Victoria, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Goliad is located on U.S. Highway 59, named also for the late U.S. Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen.
In 1747, the Spanish government sent José de Escandón to inspect the northern frontier of its North American colonies, including Spanish Texas. In his final report, Escandónt recommended that Presidio La Bahia be moved from its Guadalupe River location to the banks of the San Antonio River, so that it could better assist settlements along the Rio Grande. Both the presidio and the mission it protected, Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga, likely moved to their new location in October 1749. Escandón proposed that 25 Mexican families be relocated near the presidio to form a civilian settlement, but he was unable to find enough willing settlers.
wn.com/Goliad,_Texas -
Gonzales, Texas
Gonzales is a city in Gonzales County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,202 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Gonzales County.
Gonzales is located at 29°30′32″N 97°26′52″W / 29.50889°N 97.44778°W / 29.50889; -97.44778 (29.508801, -97.447709). It is located near the confluence of the San Marcos and Guadalupe rivers.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
Gonzales is one of the earliest Anglo-American settlements in Texas, the first west of the Colorado River. It was established by Empresario Green DeWitt as the capital of his colony in August 1825. He named it for Rafael Gonzales, governor of Coahuila y Tejas. Informally, it was known as the Dewitt Colony.
The original settlement was abandoned in 1826 after two American Indian attacks. It was rebuilt nearby in 1827. The town remains today as it was originally surveyed.
Gonzales is most famous as the "Lexington of Texas" because it was the site of the first skirmish of the Texas Revolution. In 1831, the Mexican government gave the settlers a small cannon for protection against Indian attacks. At the outbreak of settler hostilities, a contingent of Mexican soldiers was sent from San Antonio to retrieve the cannon. On 2 October 1835, Texians under the command of John H. Moore confronted them. The Texians had fashioned a flag with the words "Come and take it". The Texians successfully resisted the federal troops in what became known as the Battle of Gonzales.
wn.com/Gonzales,_Texas -
Graham, Texas
Graham is a city in north central Texas. It is the county seat of Young County, and as of the 2010 Census had a population of 8,903.
The site was first settled in 1871 by brothers Gustavus A. and Edwin S. Graham, primary shareholders in the Texas Emigration and Land Company of Louisville, Kentucky. The brothers moved to Texas after the Civil War, and after buying 125,000 acres (510 km2) in then-vast Young County, helped to revitalize the area, the population of which had become badly depleted during the war. The Grahams purchased a local saltworks in 1872, and after new families started to arrive, began promoting the sale of homesites. A post office opened in 1873, and after Young County reorganized the following year, Graham became the county seat. The town's newspaper, known as the Leader and still in existence today, was first printed in 1876, the same year that the first temporary courthouse was built. Other businesses from these early years included a gristmill, sawmill, cotton gin, a brick kiln, two hotels, and several stores.
wn.com/Graham,_Texas -
Granbury, Texas
Granbury is a city in Hood County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,978. It is the county seat of Hood County and the principal city of the Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Founded in 1825, Granbury started as a square and log cabin court house. It is generally considered to be a suburb of the Fort Worth. Many of the buildings on the square are now registered historic landmarks, including the Granbury Opera House, which still hosts Broadway productions. The city name originated from the Confederate General Hiram B. Granberry. Some scholars, to explain why the city name is spelled differently, believe the name Grandberry was misread y on a document, but recent findings have concluded that Granberry chose to spell his name Granbury. Recent expansion of the city was made possible by the damming of the Brazos River in 1969, which formed Lake Granbury, a long, narrow lake which flows through the city.
Granbury and Hood County are rich in Texas history. David (Davy) Crockett's wife, Elizabeth, settled in Hood County following the Texas Revolution against Mexico. Crockett, as well as other Alamo participants, received land grants. The Crockett family received land in what is now Hood County. Elizabeth Crockett is buried in Acton State Historic Site, the smallest state park in Texas. A large statue of Elizabeth Crockett marks her grave site. Several of Crockett's descendants still reside in Hood County.
wn.com/Granbury,_Texas -
Grand Acres, Texas
Grand Acres is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 203 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Grand Acres is located at 26°14′26″N 97°49′43″W / 26.24056°N 97.82861°W / 26.24056; -97.82861 (26.240505, -97.828732).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 203 people, 49 households, and 46 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 421.8 people per square mile (163.3/km²). There were 54 housing units at an average density of 112.2/sq mi (43.4/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 54.19% White, 43.35% from other races, and 2.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 93.10% of the population.
There were 49 households out of which 51.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 6.1% were non-families. 4.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.14 and the average family size was 4.28.
wn.com/Grand_Acres,_Texas -
Grand Prairie, Texas
Grand Prairie is a city in Dallas, Ellis, and Tarrant counties in the U.S. state of Texas and is a part of the Mid-Cities region in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Grand Prairie is a suburb of both Dallas and Fort Worth and had a population of 175,396 at the 2010 census.
The city of Grand Prairie was first established as Dechman by Alexander McRae Dechman in 1863. Dechman, who was from Birdville, learned that he could trade his oxen and wagons for land in Dallas County. In 1863, Dechman bought 239.5 acres (96.9 ha) of land on the eastern side of the Trinity River and 100 acres (40 ha) of timber land on the west side of the river for a broken-down wagon, oxen team and US$200 in Confederate money. He tried to establish a home on the property, but ran into difficulties, so he returned to his family in Birdville before joining in the Civil War. In 1867 he filed a town plat consisting of 50 acres (20 ha) with Dallas County. Grand Prairie is also home to a phrase that no one ever seems to use. "got em' coach" was started as a joke by a pig farmer but due to the lack of big words in the town it soon caught on among the town people. Today you can hear the phrase in other parts of the U.S. but no one really knows what it means.
wn.com/Grand_Prairie,_Texas -
Greenville, Texas
Greenville is the county seat, and the largest city, of Hunt County,Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 25,557.
Greenville was named for Thomas J. Green, a general in the Texas Army in the war for independence from Mexico. He later became a member of the Congress of the Republic of Texas. The city was almost named “Pinckneyville” in honor of James Pinckney Henderson, the first Governor of Texas.
Greenville is located at 33°7′34″N 96°6′35″W / 33.12611°N 96.10972°W / 33.12611; -96.10972 (33.126004, -96.109703).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 34.7 square miles (90 km2), of which, 33.9 square miles (88 km2) of it is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2) of it (2.30%) is water.
Greenville's considered to be part of the humid subtropical area.
Greenville was founded in 1846, named for Thomas J. Green, who had played a significant role in the establishment of Texas as a Republic.
As the Civil War approached, Greenville was divided over the issue of secession, as were several area towns and counties. Greenville attorney and State Senator Martin D. Hart was one prominent Unionist. He formed a company of men who fought for the Union in Arkansas, even as other Greenville residents fought for the Confederacy. The divided nature of Greenville, Hunt County and the State of Texas is noted by an historical marker in "The SPOT" Park at 2800 Lee Street in downtown Greenville. In the post-Civil War era, Greenville's economy became partly dependent on cotton, an industry which many local Jews helped develop within the city as the local economy entered a period of transition.
wn.com/Greenville,_Texas -
Groesbeck, Texas
Groesbeck is a city in and the county seat of Limestone County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,291 at the 2000 census. The community is named after a railroad employee.
Cynthia Ann Parker, mother of Quannah Parker was captured by the Comanche north of Groesbeck.
The arrival of the railroad in Groesbeck enabled it to become the county seat.
Groesbeck is located at 31°31′22″N 96°31′56″W / 31.52278°N 96.53222°W / 31.52278; -96.53222 (31.522907, -96.532125).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2), of which, 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2) of it is land and 0.27% is water.
The community is located at the junction of State Highways 14 and 164.
Groesbeck is the closest town to historic Old Fort Parker. (See Fort Parker massacre) The town holds an annual Christmas Festival at the site of old Fort Parker every December. The original fort has been re-built on the original site to exact specifications.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,291 people, 1,297 households, and 878 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,141.3 people per square mile (440.6/km²). There were 1,457 housing units at an average density of 387.5 per square mile (149.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.56% White, 24.91% African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 13.96% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.53% of the population.
wn.com/Groesbeck,_Texas -
Groveton, Texas
Groveton is a city in Trinity County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,107 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Trinity County.
Groveton is located at 31°3′22″N 95°7′46″W / 31.05611°N 95.12944°W / 31.05611; -95.12944 (31.056125, -95.129322).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.8 km²), of which, 2.6 square miles (6.6 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (1.91%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,107 people, 444 households, and 278 families residing in the city. The population density was 431.6 people per square mile (167.0/km²). There were 565 housing units at an average density of 220.3 per square mile (85.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.08% White, 18.25% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 6.23% from other races, and 2.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.38% of the population.
There were 444 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.04.
wn.com/Groveton,_Texas -
Guthrie, Texas
Guthrie is a Census Designated Place in King County in the U.S. state of Texas. It lies at the junction of U.S. Routes 82 and 83 ninety-six miles east of Lubbock, and serves as the principal headquarters of the Four Sixes Ranch. It is the seat of King County, and as of the 2010 Census the population was 160.
Guthrie is located at 33°37′14″N 100°19′22″W / 33.62056°N 100.32278°W / 33.62056; -100.32278 (33.621341, -100.8322).
Guthrie's history begins in 1883, when the Louisville Land and Cattle Company in Louisville, Kentucky purchased several hundred acres in what later became King County. Named after Louisville Land and Cattle stockholder W.H. Guthrie, the community's townsite was platted in 1891 by A.C. Thackitt, who had built Guthrie's first residence. When King County was organized that same year, Louisville Land and Cattle proposed the platting of a company townsite, to be named Ashville, to serve as the county's seat. Thackitt strongly opposed this proposition and led a charge to bring the seat to Guthrie instead. Thackitt's hotly contested campaign ultimately proved successful, and he not only succeeded in making Guthrie the county seat but was also elected to serve as King County's first county judge. Late in 1891, the Guthrie post office opened to the public.
wn.com/Guthrie,_Texas -
Hallettsville, Texas
Hallettsville is a city in Lavaca County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,345 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lavaca County. The town is home to the Texas Championship Domino Hall of Fame and also hosts a dominoes tournament every year in January. It also hosts its annual Kolache Fest and Fiddler's Frolic events every September and April.
Hallettsville is the birthplace of the late philanthropist and businessman Adolph R. Hanslik of Lubbock, a Czech-American sometimes called the dean of Texas cotton exporters.
It is also the only place called Hallettsville in the world. Ripley's Believe It or Not once called it the city of thirteen.
Hallettsville is located at 29°26′43″N 96°56′27″W / 29.44528°N 96.94083°W / 29.44528; -96.94083 (29.445398, -96.940734).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,345 people, 1,019 households, and 627 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,051.0 people per square mile (406.0/km²). There were 1,223 housing units at an average density of 548.1 per square mile (211.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.10% White, 16.46% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 4.48% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.17% of the population.
wn.com/Hallettsville,_Texas -
Hamilton, Texas
Hamilton is a city in Hamilton County in Central Texas. The population was 3,095 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hamilton County.
Hamilton is located at 31°42′12″N 98°7′13″W / 31.70333°N 98.12028°W / 31.70333; -98.12028 (31.703274, -98.120359).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), of which, 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (1.73%) is water.
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,095 people, 1,230 households, and 777 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,067.2 people per square mile (412.7 per km²). There were 1,470 housing units at an average density of 506.9 per sq mi (196 per km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.5% White, 0.7% (21) African American, 0.7% (21) Native American, 0.5% (14) Asian, 2.8% (88) from other races, and 0.8% (25) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.9% of the population.
There were 1,230 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.8% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.92.
wn.com/Hamilton,_Texas -
Harlingen, Texas
Harlingen /ˈhɑrlɨndʒən/ is a city in Cameron County in the heart of the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The city covers more than 34 square miles (88 km2), and is the second largest city in Cameron County and the sixth largest in the Rio Grande Valley. As of the 2010 Census the city had a total population of 64,849 and grew 12.5% since the 2000 Census.
Harlingen is a principal city of the Brownsville–Harlingen metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Brownsville-Harlingen-Raymondville combined statistical area, included in the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan area.
Harlingen's strategic location at the intersection of U.S. highways 77 and 83 in northwestern Cameron County fostered its development as a distribution, shipping, and industrial center. In 1904 Lon C. Hill envisioned the Arroyo Colorado as a commercial waterway. He named the town he founded on the north bank after the Frisian city of Harlingen, Netherlands. The town's post office was established that year. The first school opened with fifteen pupils in 1905 near the Hill home, the first residence built in Harlingen. Harlingen incorporated on April 15, 1910, when the population totaled 1,126. In 1920 the census listed 1,748. The local economy at first was almost entirely agricultural. Major crops were vegetables and cotton.
wn.com/Harlingen,_Texas -
Harlingen, TX
Harlingen /ˈhɑrlɨndʒən/ is a city in Cameron County in the heart of the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The city covers more than 34 square miles (88 km2), and is the second largest city in Cameron County and the sixth largest in the Rio Grande Valley. As of the 2010 Census the city had a total population of 64,849 and grew 12.5% since the 2000 Census.
Harlingen is a principal city of the Brownsville–Harlingen metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Brownsville-Harlingen-Raymondville combined statistical area, included in the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan area.
Harlingen's strategic location at the intersection of U.S. highways 77 and 83 in northwestern Cameron County fostered its development as a distribution, shipping, and industrial center. In 1904 Lon C. Hill envisioned the Arroyo Colorado as a commercial waterway. He named the town he founded on the north bank after the Frisian city of Harlingen, Netherlands. The town's post office was established that year. The first school opened with fifteen pupils in 1905 near the Hill home, the first residence built in Harlingen. Harlingen incorporated on April 15, 1910, when the population totaled 1,126. In 1920 the census listed 1,748. The local economy at first was almost entirely agricultural. Major crops were vegetables and cotton.
wn.com/Harlingen,_TX -
Haskell, Texas
Haskell is a city in central Haskell County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 3,106. It is the county seat of Haskell County.
Haskell is located at 33°9′37″N 99°44′4″W / 33.16028°N 99.73444°W / 33.16028; -99.73444 (33.160152, -99.734572).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), all of it land.
The Haskell County Courthouse was completed in 1892 and was designed and built by A.O. Watson. The east and west wings were added in 1930-31. It is one of the oldest courthouses still in use in the area.
Haskell is the county seat of Haskell County.
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,322 people, an increase of 6.95% since 2000 (216 people). The racial makeup of the town was 80.40% White (2,671 people), 4.94% African American (164 people), 0.75% Native American (25 people), 0.75% Asian (25 people), 10.69% from other races (355 people), and 2.47% from two or more races (82 people). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.76% of the population (889 people).
wn.com/Haskell,_Texas -
Hawaii
Coordinates: 21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W / 21.31139°N 157.79639°W / 21.31139; -157.79639
Hawaii (i/həˈwaɪ.iː/ or /həˈwaɪʔiː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi Hawaiian pronunciation: [hɐˈvɐiʔi]) is the most recent of the 50 U.S. states (August 21, 1959), and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.
Hawaii’s diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches and oceanic surrounding, and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, surfers, biologists, and volcanologists alike. Due to its mid-Pacific location, Hawaii has many North American and Asian influences along with its own vibrant native culture. Hawaii has over a million permanent residents along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu.
The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the island of Hawaiʻi. The last is by far the largest and is often called "The Big Island" to avoid confusion with the state as a whole. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.
wn.com/Hawaii -
Hebbronville, Texas
Hebbronville is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Jim Hogg County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,558 at the 2010 census. In 1918, Helen Sewel Harbison became the first woman in Texas to cast a ballot, two years before the implementation of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
The Colegio Altamirano, founded by settlers of Spanish ancestry who wanted their children to learn Spanish culture, was an institution in Hebbronville from 1897 until its closing in 1958.
The community calls itself the "Vaquero Capitol of Texas and the USA."
Hebbronville is located at 27°18′41″N 98°40′52″W / 27.31139°N 98.68111°W / 27.31139; -98.68111 (27.311259, -98.680998).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.9 square miles (15 km2), all of it land.
Hebbronville is located on land which once formed part of Las Noriecitas, one of the earliest ranches founded in the area.
The town's namesake, James Richard Hebbron, acquired land, in about 1880, from the descendants of the original grantee, Ingacio Benavides. With two others, he bought 18,000 acres, in the then Duval County, just above Peña. One of his sons, Arthur Hebbron, came down from California and took charge of running his ranch.
wn.com/Hebbronville,_Texas -
Hemphill, Texas
Hemphill is a city in Sabine County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,106 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Sabine County. It is located on State Highway 87 at the junction of State Highway 184, and is surrounded by the Sabine National Forest and the Toledo Bend Reservoir.
Hemphill is located at 31°20′33″N 93°51′18″W / 31.3425°N 93.855°W / 31.3425; -93.855 (31.342612, -93.854909).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), of which, 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (1.66%) is water.
Hemphill is 484 miles (as the crow flies) from Hemphill County, Texas (which is in the northern Panhandle). This is the largest separation of a Texas city from a Texas county of the same name.
In 1858 the Sabine county voters elected to move the county seat from Milam to a more central part of the county. The following year, the plans for the town were laid down, with the post office opening as well. The Town was named after John Hemphill, an early Texas judge and legal scholar, and later a United States Senator.
wn.com/Hemphill,_Texas -
Hempstead, Texas
Hempstead is a city in Waller County, Texas, United States. The community, located at the junctions of U.S. Highway 290, Texas State Highway 6, and Texas State Highway 159, is around fifty miles northwest of Downtown Houston. The population was 4,691 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Waller County.
On December 29, 1856 Dr. Richard Rodgers Peebles and James W. McDade organized the Hempstead Town Company to sell lots in the newly-established community of Hempstead, which was located at the projected terminus of Houston and Texas Central Railway. Peebles named Hempstead after Dr. G. S. B. Hempstead, Peebles's brother in law. Peebles and Mary Ann Groce Peebles, his wife, contributed 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) of the estate of Jared E. Groce, Jr. for the community. On June 29, 1858 the Houston and Texas Central Railway was extended to Hempstead, causing the community to become a distribution center between the Gulf Coast and the interior of Texas. On November 10 of that year Hempstead incorporated. The Washington County Railroad, which ran from Hempstead to Brenham, enhanced the city upon its completion.
wn.com/Hempstead,_Texas -
Henderson, Texas
Henderson is a city in Rusk County, Texas, United States. The population was 11,273 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Rusk County. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas.
The city has functioned as a major crossroads in Northeast Texas over the last two centuries, with several major highways passing through the business district of the town, including Texas State Highway 64, U.S. Route 79, Texas State Highway 43, Texas State Highway 42 and Texas State Highway 64.
Annual events in the city of Henderson include the Heritage Syrup Festival in November, celebrating the east Texas tradition of syrup making, and the East Texas Sacred Harp Convention in August.
The city has a vibrant Historical District, with many buildings dating back to before the Civil War. The city has 19 historical markers, including homes dating from the 1880s, churches, and colleges. Downtown Henderson is one of the most dramatic and charming downtowns in the East Texas area. Colorful, canvas awnings highlight the ornate buildings which house Henderson's downtown merchants and offer shade to downtown shoppers visiting the various antiques stores, clothing stores, and dining facilities lining the Main Streets.
wn.com/Henderson,_Texas -
Henrietta, Texas
Henrietta is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Wichita Falls, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,264 at the 2000 census.
Henrietta is one of the oldest settled towns in north central Texas. It sits at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 287, U.S. Highway 82, State Highway 148, and Farm to Market Road 1197 in north central Clay County.
Clay County was separated from Cooke County (along with Montague County) in 1857 and Henrietta was named as the county seat. The naming of the town remains a mystery though several explanations have been offered. However, it was named, it became the center of gravity for the fledgling county. By 1860, it remained the only town in the county, having 109 residents, 10 houses, and a general store. It sat at the far western edge of Anglo expansion in north central Texas, but Native Americans remained a viable threat to current and future settlers. In 1862, Henrietta opened its post office. The Civil War saw American soldiers leave all of the south, and Henrietta again suffered from continuous attacks from local tribes. By late 1862, Henrietta was abandoned, as white settlers fled back east to Cooke and Montague counties. Remaining structures were burned. Anglos continued to attempt resettlement, and in 1865 after the Civil War, a group attempting resettlement was massacred. A Quaker group again attempted to reoccupy the former townsite but they were killed or fled. In 1870, 50 soldiers and Kiowa Indians fought a battle in the ruins of Henrietta.
wn.com/Henrietta,_Texas -
Hereford, Texas
Hereford is a city in Deaf Smith County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,597 at the 2000 census. It is the only incorporated Hereford in the country. It is the county seat of Deaf Smith County.
Hereford's local water supply contains an unusually high level of naturally occurring fluorine. Because fluoride is used to protect against tooth decay, Hereford earned the title "The Town Without a Toothache". High levels of fluoride consumed by longtime or younger residents may result in staining.[citation needed]
It is also known as the "Beef Capital of the World" because of the large number of cattle fed in the area. The city is named for the Hereford breed. The local economy is affected significantly by growth in the dairy and ethanol industries.
The area is known for its semiarid climate with heavy farming and ranching throughout the area sustained by irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer and the saltier Santa Rosa Aquifer beneath it.
Hereford is home to the headquarters of the Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative, which serves Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, and Oldham counties.
wn.com/Hereford,_Texas -
Hillsboro, Texas
Hillsboro is a city in and the county seat of Hill County in Central Texas. The population was 8,232 at the 2000 census.
Hillsboro, located on Interstate 35 where I-35E and I-35W meet south of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, is the primary center for trade and commerce in Hill County. It is located almost midway between the Metroplex and Waco, and is the gateway to the popular Lake Whitney. There are many antique stores located downtown, and a popular outlet mall is located along the Interstate, surrounded by numerous hotels and motels. In addition, Hillsboro has a historic Victorian bed and breakfast home: The Windmill, in a country setting six miles west toward Lake Whitney.
The city is known for its abundance of restored Victorian homes and its historic county courthouse, which on January 1, 1993 was heavily damaged by an electrical fire. It was rebuilt, courtesy of donations from around the world and two concerts sponsored by Hill County native Willie Nelson. The courthouse (See Hill County, Texas for photograph.) won the Downtown Association's 1999 award for "Best Restoration". The renovation sparked an interest in restoring Texas's historic courthouses.[citation needed] The Hill County courthouse is eight miles from Willie Nelson's hometown, Abbott.
wn.com/Hillsboro,_Texas -
Hondo, Texas
Hondo is a city in and the county seat of Medina County, Texas, United States. According to the 2000 Census, the population was 7,897. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Hondo is located at 29°20′49″N 99°8′44″W / 29.34694°N 99.14556°W / 29.34694; -99.14556 (29.346838, -99.145543), approximately 40 miles (64 km) west of Downtown San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.6 square miles (25 km2), of which, 9.6 square miles (25 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.21%) is covered with water.
Original settlers in the area came from Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, Belgium and Mexico. Many family-owned businesses, farms and ranches are still owned by descendants of the original families.
The area, which is now Medina County, was first explored by Cabeza de Vaca in 1519, 27 years after Columbus arrived in the New World.
The city of Hondo was first settled in 1881 and incorporated in 1942. The U.S. Army built an air field in the town in 1942 to train new pilots; at one time the largest air navigation school in the world, Hondo Army Air Field trained over 14,000 navigators for service during World War II before closing in 1946.
wn.com/Hondo,_Texas -
Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
wn.com/Houston -
Huntsville, Texas
Huntsville is a city in and the county seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. The population was 35,508 at the 2010 census. It is the center of the Huntsville micropolitan area.
Huntsville is located in the East Texas Piney Woods on the Interstate 45 corridor between Houston and Dallas. Huntsville is home to Sam Houston State University, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Huntsville State Park, the HEARTS Veterans Museum of Texas, located on Texas Veterans Memorial Parkway at Interstate 45, and the Texas Prison Museum, also on Highway 75 near Interstate 45. Huntsville served as the residence of Sam Houston, who is recognized in Huntsville by the Sam Houston Memorial Museum and a statue on Interstate 45.
The city had its beginning about 1836, when Pleasant and Ephraim Gray opened a trading post on the site. Ephraim Gray became first postmaster in 1837, naming it after his former home town, Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama. (Incidentally, "Madison County" is also the name of an adjacent Texas county.)[citation needed]
wn.com/Huntsville,_Texas -
Indian Lake, Texas
Indian Lake is a town in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 541 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Indian Lake is located at 26°5′16″N 97°30′9″W / 26.08778°N 97.5025°W / 26.08778; -97.5025 (26.087651, -97.502470).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), of which, 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (19.23%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 541 people, 229 households, and 158 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,602.6 people per square mile (994.7/km²). There were 345 housing units at an average density of 1,659.7 per square mile (634.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 82.81% White, 0.92% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.37% Pacific Islander, 13.49% from other races, and 2.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43.07% of the population.
wn.com/Indian_Lake,_Texas -
Irving, Texas
Irving (pronounced 'er-ving') is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas within Dallas County. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city population was 216,290. Irving is within the Dallas–Plano–Irving metropolitan division of the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area, designated by the U.S. Census Bureau and colloquially referred to as the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex.
Irving contains the Las Colinas area, which was one of the first master-planned developments in the United States and once the largest mixed-use development in the Southwest with a land area of more than 12,000 acres (4,856 ha). Las Colinas includes the Mustangs at Las Colinas, which is the largest equestrian sculpture in the world. A 40-acre (160,000 m2) tract in Las Colinas is home to the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas, completed in January 2011.
The Dallas Cowboys played at the now-demolishedTexas Stadium in Irving from 1971 to 2008. The city plans to build an extensive mixed-use project that spans State Highway 114 on the site. The lead developer is Forest City Enterprises, which is rehabilitating the old Mercantile complex in downtown Dallas into a Rockefeller Center-style mixed-use project.
wn.com/Irving,_Texas -
Jacksboro, Texas
Jacksboro is a city in Jack County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,511 at the 2010 census. Jacksboro is located at the junction of U.S. Highways 281 and 380, and it is the county seat of Jack County.
Jacksboro is located at 33°13′24″N 98°09′39″W / 33.223355°N 98.160845°W / 33.223355; -98.160845 (33.223355, -98.160845).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), of which, 5.8 square miles (15 km2) of it is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2) of it (14.54%) is water.
Jacksboro was first settled in the 1850s, attracted by land offers from the Texas Emigration and Land Office. Originally called Mesquiteville, the community grew up in the pastureland near Keechi Creek. It was renamed Jacksboro in 1858 when it became the county seat, in honor of brothers William and Patrick Jack, veterans of the Texas Revolution. Regular postal service began in 1859.
The county was one of the few to vote against secession before the Civil War. It was devastated by Indian raids until Fort Richardson was built south of Jacksboro in 1870. The population quickly bounced back into the thousands, and the town gained national attention in 1871 when two Kiowa chiefs, Satanta and Big Tree, were tried for murder there.
wn.com/Jacksboro,_Texas -
Jasper, Texas
Jasper is the county seat of Jasper County, Texas, in the United States. The population was 8,247 at the 2000 census. Jasper is situated in the Deep East Texas subregion, about 130 miles (210 km) northeast of Houston. The city is best known for the 1998 murder of James Byrd, Jr., an event which gained national attention and led to the creation of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act.
The area was settled around 1824 by John Bevil. 30 families occupied the settlement as early as 1830, when it was known as Snow River or Bevil's Settlement after John R. Bevil one of the earliest European-American settlers.
In 1835 it was renamed for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolution who was killed attempting to plant the American colors at the storming of Savannah in 1779. Jasper became the county seat in 1844. During the Civil War the town housed a Confederate quartermaster depot and served as a major center for the C.S.A.'s communication, transportation, and supply. Jasper was a Confederate Army headquarters for a nine-county area. Following the war, Union troops occupied Jasper, camping in town square, and led by General George Custer. Antebellum educational institutions included the Jasper Male and Female High School, which operated until 1878, when it became the Southeast Texas Male and Female College, and Jasper Collegiate Institute, which operated from 1851 until 1874. The population declined to 360 in 1870, reflecting the hardships of the Civil War, but by 1885 had risen to 1,000.
wn.com/Jasper,_Texas -
Jayton, Texas
Jayton is a city in and the county seat of Kent County, Texas, United States. It is located in the northeastern portion of the county, and the population was 534 as of the 2010 Census.
Jayton's history begins in the 1880s. Originally known as Jay Flat, it was established two miles northeast of its present location and named after a local ranching family. A post office was granted in 1886, and Daniel Jay served as the community's first postmaster. In 1907 the townsite was moved to its present location for improved proximity to rail service, and it was officially renamed Jayton later that same year. The community's first newspaper, the Jayton Herald, was established the following year and the city incorporated in February, 1910. By 1925, Jayton was home to 750 residents.
From the community's inception, the local economy had originally been supported mainly by the cotton industry, but the effects of the Dust Bowl of the 1930s had a dire effect on production. The community's economy was stabilized by the discovery of oil later that same decade, and while its population never exceeded 750 Jayton remained stable throughout the Great Depression. In 1954, following a lengthy and heated court battle, the city wrested the title of county seat from the declining nearby community of Clairemont and in 1957 a courthouse was constructed. Jayton's population remained at around 600 from the 1950s through the 1980 Census before declining to 513 in 1990 and 441 in 2000, but a resurgence in the local oil industry led to a rebound and the 2010 Census counted 534 residents.
wn.com/Jayton,_Texas -
Jefferson, Texas
Jefferson is an historic city in Marion County in northeastern Texas, United States. The population was 2,024 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Marion County, Texas, and is situated in East Texas. The city is a tourism center, with popular attractions including: Jay Gould's Railroad car, the Sterne Fountain, Jefferson Carnegie Library, Excelsior House, the House of the Four Seasons, and the bayous formed by Big Cypress Bayou located in and around the city.
Almost every commercial building and house on the main arterial road in Jefferson has a historic marker.
The Sterne Fountain was given to the city in 1913 to honor the contribution of Jacob and Ernestine Sterne, a Jewish couple who settled in Jefferson before the Civil War and became prominent citizens who managed the post office and were involved in numerous civic and cultural projects. The fountain includes a statue of Hebe, the Greek goddess of Youth, by Giuseppe Moretti.
Early records indicate that Jefferson was founded around 1841 on land ceded from the Caddo Indians. At that time, a log jam more than 100 miles long existed on the Red River north of present Natchitoches, Louisiana. The Indians said that this log jam, known as the Great Red River Raft, had always existed.
wn.com/Jefferson,_Texas -
Johnson City, Texas
Johnson City is a city in Blanco County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,191 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Blanco County. It was the hometown of President Lyndon Johnson and was founded by James Polk Johnson, nephew of Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr. and uncle to President Johnson. The Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park, operated by the National Park Service, is near Johnson City.
Johnson City is located at 30°16′35″N 98°24′29″W / 30.276427°N 98.408105°W / 30.276427; -98.408105, about 45 miles (72 km) west of Austin and 65 miles (105 km) north of San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,191 people, 442 households, and 317 families residing in the city. The population density was 891.7 people per square mile (343.2/km2). There were 490 housing units at an average density of 366.9 per square mile (141.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.67% White, 0.84% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 8.23% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.57% of the population.
wn.com/Johnson_City,_Texas -
Jourdanton, Texas
Jourdanton is a city in and the county seat of Atascosa County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,732 at the 2000 census. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jourdanton was founded in 1909 and was named after founder Jourdan Campbell. The county seat was moved from Pleasanton to Jourdanton in 1910. Locals pronounce the town name as (jur-dun-ton). The Mayor of Jourdanton is Larry Pryor. The City Administrator is Dan Nick. The Chief of Police is Eric Kaiser. The Volunteer Fire Chief is David Prasifka. Jourdanton is a General Law Type A form of government as per the Texas Local Government Code. (See Texas Local Government Code at http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us)
Jourdanton is located at 28°55′18″N 98°32′47″W / 28.92167°N 98.54639°W / 28.92167; -98.54639 (28.921530, -98.546440).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,732 people, 1,187 households, and 923 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,071.1 people per square mile (414.1/km²). There were 1,353 housing units at an average density of 388.3 per square mile (150.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.44% White, 1.13% African American, 0.96% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 20.42% from other races, and 2.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.87% of the population.
wn.com/Jourdanton,_Texas -
Junction, Texas
Junction is a city in and the county seat of Kimble County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,618 at the 2000 census.
Junction is located at 30°29′23″N 99°46′17″W / 30.489772°N 99.771335°W / 30.489772; -99.771335 (30.489772, -99.771335), approximately 105 miles (169 km) northwest of San Antonio and 120 miles (190 km) west of Austin in central Kimble County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2), of which, 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) of it is land and 0.44% is water.
Junction is named for its location at the confluence of the North and South Llano Rivers.
The community was founded in 1876 after the organization of Kimble County earlier that year. The original town site was named Denman after Marcellus Denman, who had surveyed and platted the new community. The name Denman was quickly changed to Junction City. In late 1876, Junction City won the designation of county seat from the unsuccessful and flood-prone settlement of Kimbleville. By 1879, a drugstore, livery stable, sawmill, and a few general stores were active in the community. Around 300 people were living in Junction City in 1882. The West Texas, Kimble County's first newspaper, began publishing in 1882. The county courthouse and its records were lost to a fire in 1884. A second, two-story brick stone courthouse was partially destroyed in an 1888 fire, but was repaired and remained in use until 1929, when the present courthouse was constructed. In 1894, Junction City became known simply as Junction. Infrastructure improvements marked the decade of the 1890s. Businessman Ernest Holekamp provided the city's first waterworks with a canal dug from the South Llano to Junction in 1895. A dam was built in 1896 on the South Llano River to provide power and water to the city and irrigation to surrounding lands.
wn.com/Junction,_Texas -
Karnes City, Texas
Karnes City is a city in Karnes County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,457 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Karnes County. The town was named after Henry Karnes of the Texas Revolution. Karnes is some twenty-five miles south of Floresville on U.S. Highway 181.
In 1893, the county seat was moved from Helena to Karnes City.
Karnes City is located at 28°53′N 97°54′W / 28.883°N 97.9°W / 28.883; -97.9 (28.8882, -97.9013).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) all land.
Karnes City is about 60 miles (97 km) southeast of San Antonio.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,457 people, 1,007 households, and 720 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,627.6 people per square mile (629.6/km²). There were 1,180 housing units at an average density of 555.6 per square mile (214.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.13% White, 5.67% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 19.47% from other races, and 2.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 63.87% of the population.
wn.com/Karnes_City,_Texas -
Kaufman, Texas
Kaufman is a city in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,703 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Kaufman County.
Kaufman is located at 32°35′7″N 96°18′28″W / 32.58528°N 96.30778°W / 32.58528; -96.30778 (32.585395, -96.307673).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), of which, 6.6 square miles (17 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (2.64%) is water.
As of 2010 Kaufman had a population of 6,703. The median age was 32. The ethnic and racial composition of the population was 55.4% non-Hispanic white, 9.4% non-Hispanic black, 0.9% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 13.6% reporting some other race and 3.5% from two or more races. 32.6% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,490 people, 2,179 households, and 1,579 families residing in the city. The population density was 977.9 people per square mile (377.4/km²). There were 2,310 housing units at an average density of 348.1 per square mile (134.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 47.83% White, 12.87% African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 15.92% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.74% of the population.
wn.com/Kaufman,_Texas -
Kermit, Texas
Kermit is a city in and the county seat of Winkler County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,708 at the 2010 census. The city was named for Kermit Roosevelt after a visit by his father Theodore Roosevelt to the county.
Kermit began as a convenient supply center for the scattered ranches of the area. Kermit became the seat of Winkler County when the county was organized in 1910. The first public school and the post office opened the same year. The town's namesake, Kermit Roosevelt, once visited the T Bar Ranch in northern Winkler County to hunt antelope a few months before the town was named. In 1916, the county suffered a drought. Many homesteaders and ranchers were forced to leave. In 1924 only Ern Baird's family remained in the town. Only one student attended school in the county for five months of 1924. Only three houses and the courthouse were in use by 1926.
On July 16, 1926, however, oil was discovered in Hendrick oilfield, near Kermit, and the town experienced a boom. In 1927, a population of 1,000 was reported; by 1929 that number increased to 1,500. On March 4, 1929, the Texas-New Mexico Railway reached the town.
wn.com/Kermit,_Texas -
Kerrville, Texas
Kerrville is a city in Kerr County, Texas, United States. The population was 20,425 at the 2000 census. In 2009, the population was 22,826. Kerrville is named after James Kerr, a major in the Texas Revolution, and friend of settler-founder Joshua Brown, who settled in the area to start a shingle-making camp.
Being nestled in the hills of Texas Hill Country, Kerrville is best known for its beautiful parks that line the Guadalupe River - which runs directly through the city, its nearby youth summer camps, hunting ranches, and RV parks. It is also the home of Texas' Official State Arts & Crafts Fair, the Kerrville Folk Festival, H-E-B Grocery Stores, Mooney Airplane Company, James Avery Jewelry, Kerrville Bus Company, and Schreiner University. The Museum of Western Art (founded 1983) features the work of living artists specializing in the themes of the American West.
Archeological evidence suggests that humans dwelled in the area known as Kerrville as early as 10,000 years ago. The early modern residents were successful shinglemakers whose mercantile business became a hub that served the middle and upper Hill Country area in the late 1840s. One of the earliest shinglemakers was Joshua D. Brown. With his family, Joshua Brown had led several other families on an exploration of the Guadalupe Valley. These early pioneers organized their settlements near a bluff just north of the Guadalupe River in the eastern half today's county line. The settlement was referred to as "Brownsborough," but after the area was formally platted in 1856 by James Kerr, a major in the Texas Revolution, the settlement was formally known as "Kerrville" and maintained a county seat with Texas.
wn.com/Kerrville,_Texas -
Killeen, Texas
Killeen is a city in Bell County, Texas, in the United States. The population was 86,911 at the 2000 census. As of 2009, Killeen had 119,510 people. In 2010 Killeen's population shot to 127,921.[citation needed] It is a "principal city" of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Killeen is directly adjacent to the main cantonment of Fort Hood, and as such its economy heavily depends on the post and the soldiers (and their families) stationed there.
In 1881, the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway extended its tracks through central Texas, buying 360 acres (1.5 km2) a few miles southwest of a small farming community known as Palo Alto, which had existed since about 1872. The railroad platted a 70-block town on its land and named it after Frank P. Killeen, the assistant general manager of the railroad. By the next year the town included a railroad depot, a saloon, several stores, and a school. Many of the residents of the surrounding smaller communities in the area moved to Killeen and by 1884 the town had grown to include about 350 people, served by five general stores, two gristmills, two cotton gins, two saloons, a lumberyard, a blacksmith shop, and a hotel. Killeen expanded as it became an important shipping point for cotton, wool, and grain in western Bell and eastern Coryell counties. About 780 people lived in Killeen by 1900. Around 1905, local politicians and businessmen convinced the Texas legislature to build bridges over Cowhouse Creek and other streams, doubling Killeen's trade area. A public water system began operation in 1914 and its population had increased to 1,300 residents.
wn.com/Killeen,_Texas -
Kingsville, Texas
Kingsville is a city in and the county seat of Kleberg County, Texas, United States. The population was 26,213 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Kingsville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Corpus Christi-Kingsville Combined Statistical Area.
Kingsville was formed in 1904 and named after Captain Richard King, owner of the King Ranch.
Kingsville is located at 27°30′54″N 97°51′56″W / 27.515°N 97.86556°W / 27.515; -97.86556 (27.515024, -97.865507).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.9 square miles (36 km2), of which 13.8 square miles (36 km2) are land and 0.04-square-mile (0.10 km2) of it (0.22%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 25,575 people, 8,943 households, and 6,134 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,848.8 people per square mile (714.0/km²). There were 10,427 housing units at an average density of 753.8 per square mile (291.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.10% White, 4.34% African American, 0.63% Native American, 1.73% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 18.81% from other races, and 3.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 67.06% of the population.
wn.com/Kingsville,_Texas -
Kountze, Texas
Kountze (pronounced 'Coontz') is a city in Hardin County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,115 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Hardin County. The city is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kountze was originally established as a railroad town in 1881. The city was named for Herman and Augustus Kountze, financial backers of the Sabine and East Texas Railroad. The seat of Hardin County, Kountze boasts an area of more than 89 percent forested lush green terrain. Local area produces over 3.5 million board feet (8,300 m³) of lumber annually.
Kountze describes itself as "The Big Light in The Big Thicket" - a Thicket is that vast area of tangled, often impenetrable woods, streams and marshes. Now portions of this thicket are nationally protected as the Big Thicket National Preserve.
The cradle of this country's oil industry is found in the Big Thicket of east Texas. The thicket is a 50 miles (80 km) circle of swampland about 30 miles (48 km) north of Beaumont.
wn.com/Kountze,_Texas -
KTLM
KTLM is a Spanish-language television station in Rio Grande City, Texas, broadcasting locally on channel 40 as an affiliate of Telemundo. The station serves the Rio Grande Valley and is marketed as "Telemundo 40 McAllen". Founded September 1, 1994, the station is owned by Sunbelt Multimedia, a division of the Starr Camargo Bridge Company, unrelated to Sunbelt Communications Company.
The station was originally licensed under the call KAIO with the intention of being a non-commercial station promoting tourism in the Rio Grande Valley. However, that idea was later abandoned. KAIO changed its calls to KTLM and picked up the Telemundo affiliation from XHRIO, which had struggled with signal strength in the western parts of the Lower Rio Grande Valley. The station went on the air in the summer of 1999.
KTLM's studios are located in the Texas State Bank building in McAllen, Texas. Its transmitter is located north of Rio Grande City.
The station airs on Time Warner Cable channel 2 in the Rio Grande Valley area.
wn.com/KTLM -
La Feria, Texas
La Feria is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,302 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
La Feria is located at 26°9′30″N 97°49′30″W / 26.15833°N 97.825°W / 26.15833; -97.825 (26.158253, -97.824973).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
In 2004, the city annexed the Arroyo Alto CDP, increasing the population of the city by roughly 300 people.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,115 people, 2,021 households, and 1,620 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,075.1 people per square mile (1,186.4/km²). There were 2,895 housing units at an average density of 1,455.8 per square mile (561.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.91% White, 0.26% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 20.69% from other races, and 3.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 77.45% of the population.
wn.com/La_Feria,_Texas -
La Grange, Texas
La Grange is a city in Fayette County, Texas, near the Colorado River. It is located about halfway between Houston and Austin on Highway 71. The population was 4,478 at the 2000 census. The 2006 estimated population was 4,645. But a 2010 census estimated that the city had a population of 4,923. La Grange is the county seat of Fayette County.
La Grange was the site of an early crossing of the Colorado River along La Bahía Road during the Mexican period. The earliest white settlers in the area were Aylett C. Buckner and Peter Powell, who lived slightly to the west. The first settlement on the city's present location was by Stephen F. Austin's band of colonists in 1822. Colonel John Henry Moore built a blockhouse in 1828 as protection from the Comanche. It is known today as Moore's Fort. (The fort is currently found in nearby Round Top, having been moved there for restoration.)
The town was a major site of German and Czech settlement, because the rolling hills and forests are reminiscent of their homelands.[citation needed] Even today the German and Czech influences on the town remain strong, seen in many local customs, the local architecture, and the town's reputation for not having participated in the prohibition of alcoholic beverages during the 1920s and 1930s - beyond a token effort by the local authorities. La Grange, too, became the home of many Jewish immigrants in the 19th century.
wn.com/La_Grange,_Texas -
La Paloma, Texas
La Paloma is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 354 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area. La Paloma means "the dove" in Spanish. The city was so named because native Americans told Spanish missionaries that the dove from Noah's ark likely came from the area.
La Paloma is located at 26°2′55″N 97°40′1″W / 26.04861°N 97.66694°W / 26.04861; -97.66694 (26.048605, -97.667017).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 354 people, 93 households, and 83 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,371.4 people per square mile (525.7/km²). There were 108 housing units at an average density of 418.4/sq mi (160.4/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 38.14% White, 55.65% from other races, and 6.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 92.09% of the population.
wn.com/La_Paloma,_Texas -
Lago, Texas
Lago is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 246 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lago is located at 26°5′17″N 97°36′46″W / 26.08806°N 97.61278°W / 26.08806; -97.61278 (26.087960, -97.612821).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), of which, 0.0 square miles (0 km2) of it is land and 20.00% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 246 people, 56 households, and 53 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5,718.7 people per square mile (2,374.5/km²). There were 57 housing units at an average density of 1,325.1/sq mi (550.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 8.54% White, 91.46% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 99.59% of the population.
There were 56 households out of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 3.6% were non-families. 3.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.39 and the average family size was 4.44.
wn.com/Lago,_Texas -
Laguna Vista, Texas
Laguna Vista is a town in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,658 at the 2000 census. It is included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Laguna Vista is located at 26°6′12″N 97°17′46″W / 26.10333°N 97.29611°W / 26.10333; -97.29611 (26.103381, -97.296053).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,658 people, 579 households, and 471 families residing in the town. The population density was 760.1 people per square mile (293.7/km²). There were 695 housing units at an average density of 318.6 per square mile (123.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 84.08% White, 0.30% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 12.12% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.22% of the population.
There were 579 households out of which 44.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.22.
wn.com/Laguna_Vista,_Texas -
Lamesa, Texas
Lamesa (pronounced "la-MEE-suh") is a city in and the county seat of Dawson County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,952 at the 2000 census. Located south of Lubbock on the Llano Estacado, Lamesa was founded in 1903. Most of the economy is based on cattle ranching and cotton farming. The Preston E. Smith prison unit, named for the former governor of Texas, is located just outside of Lamesa.
Lamesa is located at 32°44′4″N 101°57′29″W / 32.73444°N 101.95806°W / 32.73444; -101.95806 (32.734439, -101.958190).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12 km2), all of it land.
Dal Paso Museum, a collection of local artifacts housed in an impressive former hotel, is located in downtown Lamesa. The name is derived from the fact that Lamesa is located halfway between Dallas and El Paso. On display are home furnishings, pioneer tools, and ranch and farm equipment. There are also exhibits by local artists. The museum, at 306 South First Street, has limited afternoon hours to the public.
wn.com/Lamesa,_Texas -
Lampasas, Texas
Lampasas is a city in Lampasas County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,786 at the 2000 census. It is the seat of Lampasas County.
Lampasas is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area.
For his services in the Texas Revolution, John Burleson received 1,280 acres (5.2 km2) of land and established a permanent settlement in the 1850s. The city was first named Burleson; however, the name was gradually changed to Lampasas Springs because of the existence of seven mineral springs. When the county was created in 1856, the law specified “The county seat shall be same name as the county.” The city of Lampasas was officially incorporated in 1883.
Several theories attempt to explain how the name Lampasas came to be. The Texas Almanac states the word came from a Spanish word for “lilies” that are found in nearby streams. Another source states the word comes from the Spanish word “Lampazos.” The name was given to the local river by the Spanish Aquayo Expedition in 1721. It is believed the name was inspired by a Mexican town that also had beautiful springs. The town was also the location of the birth of the Farmers' Alliance, founded in 1876.
wn.com/Lampasas,_Texas -
Laredo, Texas
Laredo (/ləˈreɪdoʊ/ lə-RAY-doh; Spanish: [laˈɾeðo]) is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, located on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. According to the 2010 census, the city population was 236,091 making it the 3rd most populated on the United States-Mexican border, after San Diego, California and El Paso, Texas. Laredo is part of the Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area with an estimate population of 636,516. Laredo's economy is based on international trade with Mexico. Most major transportation companies have a facility in Laredo. Laredo's location along the southern end of I-35 close to the manufacturers in North Mexico promotes its vital role in trade between the United States and Mexico.
Laredo has the distinction of flying seven flags (the Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande in addition to the Six Flags of Texas). Founded in 1755, Laredo grew from a villa to the capital of the brief Republic of the Rio Grande to the largest inland port on the United States-Mexican Border. Today, it has four international bridges and one railway bridge. Laredo's weather is semi-arid during the summer and mild during the winter.
wn.com/Laredo,_Texas -
Lasana, Texas
Lasana is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 135 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lasana is located at 26°15′20″N 97°41′40″W / 26.25556°N 97.69444°W / 26.25556; -97.69444 (26.255651, -97.694523).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 135 people, 42 households, and 30 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 149.7 people per square mile (57.9/km²). There were 50 housing units at an average density of 55.5/sq mi (21.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 66.67% White, 1.48% Native American, 30.37% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 94.81% of the population.
There were 42 households out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.21 and the average family size was 3.84.
wn.com/Lasana,_Texas -
Laureles, Texas
Laureles is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,285 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area. Laureles is an area between Los Fresnos and San Benito, Texas. The main road is Farm Road 1575. The school district is Los Fresnos ISD. Property has a Los Fresnos phone number and a San Benito address. Paying taxes to Cameron County and the Los Fresnos ISD. Laureles had three small stores at one time, Ruiz's, Cookies, and Galarza's. Ruiz offered gas, snacks, food and tire shop. Now only the new Galarza convenience store is operating. A flower shop is in the old Galarza store. Now there is a Los Fresnos elementary school past Camino del Rey subdivision.
Laureles Acres is near farm road 510. It was mostly farming land owned by the Limon family in the early 1980s. They sold their land to individual families. Some farming land still remains by the Vasquez family and others. The farming included: corn, sugar cane, cotton, and sorgum. A church was built in the 1990s Apostolic Assembly of God or "Apostolica de la Fe en Christo Jesus" on Limon Drive between Cactus Road and Ebony streets.
wn.com/Laureles,_Texas -
Leakey, Texas
Leakey (pronounced Lay-key) is a city in and the county seat of Real County, Texas, United States. The population was 387 at the 2000 census. A U.S. Census Bureau estimate of July 1, 2008, placed the population at 359.
The city is named for John H. Leakey (1824-1900), a pioneer former Tennessee.
Leakey depends heavily on tourism because of the existence of the nearby Frio River and Garner State Park. The Alto Frio Baptist Encampment is located to the southeast of the community.
Leakey is located at 29°43′31″N 99°45′41″W / 29.725243°N 99.761463°W / 29.725243; -99.761463 (29.725243, -99.761463). It is situated at the intersection of U.S. Highway 83, and Farm Roads 336, 337, and 1120 in southeastern Real County, approximately 35 miles north of Uvalde and 90 miles northwest of San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2), all of it land.
Archaeological excavations in the Frio Canyon region revealed Paleo-American, Archaic, and Neo-American occupations. Later, several Native American tribes, including Lipan Apache, Comanche, and Tonkawa inhabited or traversed the area.
wn.com/Leakey,_Texas -
Levelland, Texas
Levelland is a city in Hockley County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 13,542. It is the county seat of Hockley County. It is located on the Llano Estacado, 30 miles (48 km) west of Lubbock. Major industries include cotton farming and petroleum production. It is the home of South Plains College.
Levelland is the principal city of the Levelland Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Hockley County and part of the larger Lubbock-Levelland Combined Statistical Area.
Coordinates: 33°35′5″N 102°22′20″W / 33.58472°N 102.37222°W / 33.58472; -102.37222 According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.9 square miles (26 km2), of which, 9.9 square miles (26 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.20%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,866 people, 4,574 households, and 3,361 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,296.5 people per square mile (500.8/km²). There were 5,186 housing units at an average density of 522.6 per square mile (201.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.34% White, 5.36% African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 20.92% from other races, and 2.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.21% of the population.
wn.com/Levelland,_Texas -
Lewisville, Texas
Lewisville ( /ˈljuː.ɪs.vɪl/) is a city in Denton County in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2010 United States Census placed the population at 95,290, making it one of the fastest growing cities in the United States in terms of population. The city includes 36.4 square miles (94 km2) of land, in addition to 6.07 square miles (15.7 km2) of Lewisville Lake.
Originally called "Holford's Prairie", the origins of Lewisville date back to the early 1840s. The arrival of the town's first railroad in 1881 engendered its initial growth, and the expansion of the area's transportation infrastructure spurred further development in the early part of the 20th century. The city incorporated in 1925. When construction of Lewisville Lake was completed in the 1950s, the city began to expand rapidly.
Lewisville's consistently warm climate and proximity to Lewisville Lake has made the city a recreational hub of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The city's municipal government, led by a nonpartisan city council, focuses its recreational and cultural investments on facilities such as Toyota of Lewisville Park and the MCL Grand Theater. The city's transportation infrastructure has evolved around the corridor along Interstate 35E. Its diverse population and economy have led to a broad residential and industrial base, which has created a stable economic climate.
wn.com/Lewisville,_Texas -
Liberty, Texas
Liberty is a city in and the county seat of Liberty County, Texas, United States and a part of the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 8,033 at the 2000 census.
Liberty is the third oldest city in the state—established in 1831 on the banks of the Trinity River. The city also has an exact replica of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its area code is 936 and its ZIP code is 77575.
Liberty, Texas is the county seat of Liberty County and the third oldest town in Texas. Texas heroes William B. Travis, Sam Houston, and David Burnet all practiced law in Liberty. Three brothers from Liberty died at the Alamo, while some 50 Liberty citizens fought in the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836 when Texas won its independence. Liberty is located on State Highway 146 and U.S. Highway 90 in the south central part of Liberty County and the Houston, Texas Metropolitan Area. The site is in a major oil and gas production area served primarily by the Union Pacific Railroad. Liberty once stood at the head of navigation, both steamboat and barge, on the Trinity River.
wn.com/Liberty,_Texas -
Linden, Texas
Linden is a city in Cass County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,256 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Cass County.
Linden is located at 33°0′29″N 94°21′52″W / 33.00806°N 94.36444°W / 33.00806; -94.36444 (33.008026, -94.364328).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,256 people, 940 households, and 579 families residing in the city. The population density was 640.4 people per square mile (247.5/km²). There were 1,048 housing units at an average density of 297.5 per square mile (115.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.88% White, 19.86% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.66% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.64% of the population.
There were 940 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.86.
wn.com/Linden,_Texas -
Lipscomb, Texas
Lipscomb is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lipscomb County, Texas, United States. The population was 44 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lipscomb County.
Lipscomb is located at 36°13′56″N 100°16′19″W / 36.23222°N 100.27194°W / 36.23222; -100.27194 (36.232224, -100.271869).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 44 people, 25 households, and 14 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 8.6 people per square mile (3.3/km²). There were 35 housing units at an average density of 6.9/sq mi (2.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.91% White and 9.09% Native American.
There were 25 households out of which 4.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, and 44.0% were non-families. 44.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 28.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.72 and the average family size was 2.29.
wn.com/Lipscomb,_Texas -
Littlefield, Texas
Littlefield is a city in and the county seat of Lamb County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,372 at the 2010 census. It is located in a significant cotton-growing region, northwest of Lubbock on the Llano Estacado just south of the beginning of the Texas Panhandle. Littlefield has a large denim manufacturing plant operated by American Cotton Growers.
Littlefield is named for George W. Littlefield (1842–1920), a Mississippi native, Confederate officer, rancher, banker, and benefactor of the University of Texas at Austin.
Littlefield houses the Bill Clayton Detention Center, a 310-bed medium-security facility, which is named for the former Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives, who resided in Springlake.
Near Littlefield is the Triple Arrow Ranch, known for its historical remnants, owned by Lamb County Commissioner's Court Judge and Mrs. William A. Thompson, Jr.
Littlefield is located at 33°55′10″N 102°19′58″W / 33.91944°N 102.33278°W / 33.91944; -102.33278 (33.919561, -102.332660).
wn.com/Littlefield,_Texas -
Livingston, Texas
Livingston is a town in Polk County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,433 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Polk County. Livingston was settled in 1835 as Springfield. Its name was changed to Livingston and became the county seat of Polk County in 1846.
The Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation is just to the East of Livingston. The 2000 census reported a resident population of 480 persons within the reservation.
Livingston has one hospital, the Memorial Medical Center at Livingston
Livingston is located at 30°42′34″N 94°56′4″W / 30.70944°N 94.93444°W / 30.70944; -94.93444 (30.709518, -94.934443).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.4 square miles (22 km2), of which, 8.4 square miles (22 km2) of it is land and 0.12% is water. However, the town of Livingston is approximately 10 miles (16 km) east of Lake Livingston, which is the largest drinking water reservoir in the state of Texas.
Elevation: 148 ft
Major Highways:
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,433 people, 2,048 households, and 1,341 families residing in the town. The population density was 649.9 inhabitants per square mile (250.9/km²). There were 2,358 housing units at an average density of 282.1 per square mile (108.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 70.38% White, 18.50% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 8.08% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. 13.90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
wn.com/Livingston,_Texas -
Llano, Texas
Llano ( /ˈlænoʊ/ LAN-oh) is a city in Llano County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010, the city population was 3,232. It is the county seat of Llano County.
Llano is located at 30°45′03″N 98°40′48″W / 30.750953°N 98.680038°W / 30.750953; -98.680038 (30.750953, -98.680038). It is on the Llano River, 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Austin and 102 miles (164 km) north of San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.4 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (5.53%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,325 people, 1,353 households, and 880 families residing in the city. The population density was 748.1 people per square mile (289.1/km2). There were 1,539 housing units at an average density of 346.3/sq mi (133.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.35% White, 0.57% African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 3.40% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.90% of the population.
wn.com/Llano,_Texas -
Lockhart, Texas
Lockhart is a city in Caldwell County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Caldwell County. According to the 2000 census the population of Lockhart was 11,615. As of 2007[update] the estimated population is 12,013. Lockhart and Caldwell County are within the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan area.
The city of Lockhart is named after Byrd Lockhart, an assistant surveyor of Green DeWitt and reportedly the first Anglo to set foot in Caldwell County. Lockhart was the site of a victory of the Texans over the Comanche, at the Battle of Plum Creek in 1840. Lockhart was originally called "Plum Creek" but the name was later changed to Lockhart. The town's economic growth began with the arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century at which time the town became a regional shipping center for local cotton. Following the arrival of the railroad, various immigrants, some Jews among them, arrived in Lockhart and opened various businesses.
The Texas Legislature proclaimed Lockhart as The Barbecue Capital of Texas. Lockhart has four major barbecue restaurants. The 1996 Christopher Guest comedy film Waiting for Guffman and the 1993 drama What's Eating Gilbert Grape were filmed partly in Lockhart, including the historic courthouse square. Also, the city's Wal-Mart store was featured in the 2000 film Where the Heart Is. Lockhart has played host to many film sets as this quaint small town is located within miles of Austin. Productions filmed in Lockhart include: The Faculty, Temple Grandin, Waking Life, Secondhand Lions, Stop-Loss, Where the Heart Is, Waiting for Guffman, The Newton Boys, Rolling Kansas, The Great Waldo Pepper, She Fought Alone, The Only Thrill, Ball & Chain, The Garage, Altitude Falling, Hard Promises, A Small Town in Texas, Screen Door Jesus, Abrupt Decision, Angora Ranch, Theft, and more. Dr. Eugene Clark Library is the oldest operating public library in Texas.
wn.com/Lockhart,_Texas -
Longview, Texas
Longview is a city in Gregg and Harrison Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 80,455. Most of the city is located in Gregg County, of which it is the county seat; only a small part extends into the western part of neighboring Harrison County. It is situated in East Texas, on the grid of Interstate 20 and U.S. Highways 80 and 259, just north of the Sabine River. Longview is a commercial hub for the Longview Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Longview is the principal city of the Longview Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger MSA made up of Gregg, Upshur, and Rusk counties (population 271,669). Longview is considered a major hub city in the region, as is the nearby city of Tyler.
Longview is located at 32°30′33″N 94°45′14″W / 32.50917°N 94.75389°W / 32.50917; -94.75389 (32.509147, -94.753909). Longview is surrounded by many smaller cities and towns including: Kilgore, Gladewater, Gilmer, Ore City, Hallsville, Harleton, Diana, White Oak, and Lakeport. It is approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of the similarly sized city of Tyler.
wn.com/Longview,_Texas -
Los Fresnos, Texas
Los Fresnos (Spanish for The Ash Trees) is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,512 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Located in south central Cameron County, the City was named for the fresnos (Fraxinus berlandieriana) scattered in the woods and along streams. In 1912, Lon Hill, an early land owner, formed a company to develop a canal system which would use the Rio Grande to irrigate land for farming. Railroad construction in the early 1900s began to bring settlers to the area, and by 1915 a post office was established. Because of the fertile, irrigated land, farm products increased and with the long growing season in the Rio Grande Valley, farming flourished. Today the city is still surrounded by fertile farm/ranch land. Major crops are cotton, sugarcane, grains, orange, and red grapefruit orchards.
The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Port Isabel Detention Center [1] is located in Los Fresnos.
wn.com/Los_Fresnos,_Texas -
Los Indios, Texas
Los Indios is a bordertown in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,149 at the 2000 census. It is included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas. The Free Trade International Bridge connects Los Indios with Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
Los Indios is located at 26°2′59″N 97°44′25″W / 26.04972°N 97.74028°W / 26.04972; -97.74028 (26.049729, -97.740140).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,149 people, 273 households, and 245 families residing in the town. The population density was 668.0 people per square mile (257.9/km²). There were 310 housing units at an average density of 180.2 per square mile (69.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 53.79% White, 0.17% African American, 0.09% Native American, 43.95% from other races, and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 95.82% of the population.
wn.com/Los_Indios,_Texas -
Lozano, Texas
Lozano is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 324 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lozano is located at 26°11′24″N 97°32′32″W / 26.19°N 97.54222°W / 26.19; -97.54222 (26.189952, -97.542312).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all of it land.
At the 2000 census, there were 324 people, 101 households and 84 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,805.2 per square mile (1,042.5/km²). There were 111 housing units at an average density of 961.0/sq mi (357.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 98.46% of the population.
There were 101 households of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.8% were non-families. 15.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.21 and the average family size was 3.60.
wn.com/Lozano,_Texas -
Lubbock, Texas
Lubbock ( /ˈlʌbək/) is a city in and the county seat of Lubbock County, Texas, United States. The city is located in the northwestern part of the state, a region known historically as the Llano Estacado, and is home to three universities: Lubbock Christian University, Texas Tech University, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. At the 2010 census, Lubbock had a population of 229,573, making it the 87th most populous city in the United States and the 11th most populous city in Texas. The city is the economic center of the Lubbock metropolitan area, which had an estimated 2009 population of 276,659.
Lubbock's nickname is the "Hub City," which derives from it being the economic, education, and health care hub of a multi-county region commonly called the South Plains. The area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on irrigation water drawn from the Ogallala Aquifer. Lubbock was selected as the 12th best place to start a small business by CNNMoney.com. They mentioned the community's traditional business atmosphere, less expensive rent for commercial space, and its central location and cooperation from city government. Lubbock High School has been recognized for three consecutive years by Newsweek as one of the top high schools in the United States. Lubbock High School is home to the only International Baccalaureate (IB) program in the region. The IB program is one of the criteria examined by Newsweek in formulating their list of top high schools.
wn.com/Lubbock,_Texas -
Lufkin, Texas
Lufkin is a city in Angelina County, Texas, United States. Founded in 1882, the population was 35,067 in 2010. It is the county seat of Angelina County, and is situated in Deep East Texas.
The town is named for Abraham P. Lufkin, a cotton merchant and Galveston, Texas city councilman. Lufkin was the father-in-law of Paul Bremond, president of the Houston, East and West Texas Railway which developed the town.
In 1906 while living in Lufkin, writer Katherine Anne Porter married her first husband John Henry Koontze in a double ring ceremony that also saw her sister Gay Porter marry T.H. Holloway. The minister who presided over the ceremony was Rev. Ira Bryce, serving at the time at Lufkin's First Methodist Church.
Debris from the space shuttle Columbia disaster fell over the Lufkin area on February 1, 2003.
Lufkin celebrated its 125th anniversary in October 2007.
Lufkin is located at 31°20′13″N 94°43′49″W / 31.33694°N 94.73028°W / 31.33694; -94.73028 (31.336874, -94.730374).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.8 square miles (69 km2), of which, 26.7 square miles (69 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.48%) is water.
wn.com/Lufkin,_Texas -
Madisonville, Texas
Madisonville is a city in Madison County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,159 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Madison County. Both the City of Madisonville and the County of Madison were named for U.S. President James Madison, the fourth chief executive.
Madisonville is located at 30°57′3″N 95°54′45″W / 30.95083°N 95.9125°W / 30.95083; -95.9125 (30.950915, -95.912623).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 square miles (11 km2), of which, 4.2 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (3.49%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,159 people, 1,473 households, and 1,016 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,003.3 people per square mile (386.9/km²). There were 1,653 housing units at an average density of 398.7 per square mile (153.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.60% White, 29.21% African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 10.56% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.24% of the population.
wn.com/Madisonville,_Texas -
Marfa, Texas
Marfa is a town in the high desert of far West Texas. Located between the Davis Mountains and Big Bend National Park, it is also the county seat of Presidio County. The population was 1,981 at the 2010 census.
Marfa was founded in the early 1880s as a railroad water stop, and grew quickly through the 1920s. Marfa Army Airfield was located east of the town during World War II and trained several thousand pilots before closing in 1945 (the abandoned site is still visible ten miles (16 km) east of the city). The base was also used as the training ground for many of the U.S. Army's Chemical mortar battalions. The Marfa AAF and Fort D.A. Russell were not related; Fort D.A. Russell was located on the southwestern part of town where Chinati is.
Despite its small size, today Marfa is a tourist destination. Attractions include the historical architecture and classic Texas town square, modern art at the Chinati Foundation and in galleries around town, and the Marfa lights.
The Handbook of Texas states that the wife of a railroad executive reportedly suggested the name "Marfa" after reading the name in the Fyodor Dostoevsky novel The Brothers Karamazov.
wn.com/Marfa,_Texas -
Marlin, Texas
Marlin is a city in Falls County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,628 at the 2000 census, but decreased to 5,967 by 2010. It is also the (third) county seat of Falls County, and has been so since 1851. Marlin has been given the nickname the Hot Mineral Water City of Texas when mineral waters were found in 1892.
The city of Marlin is located about four miles (6 km) east of the Brazos River, which runs straight through the center of the county. That was the site of Sarahville de Viesca, in which was established by Sterling C. Robertson in the year of 1834. Marlin was later incorporated in 1867, and was named after a pioneer patriot, John Marlin. His son-in-law was Samuel A. Blain. Blain laid out streets and lots, and drafted a map around a square. Three churches—a Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist—were given lots first, and relocated to the east side of the square. Zenas Bartlett's General Store was the first business to be established in Marlin. When Bartlett's wife died, the general store was deeded to the city and used as a town hall. A simple brick building temporarily stood as a school. The first of four county courthouses was a log cabin. It was used for county business and court, a school, a church, a meeting place for political and community events, and as a dance hall. The fourth and present courthouse was constructed in 1938 and 1939, after the third courthouse, which was built in 1887, was declared unsafe.
wn.com/Marlin,_Texas -
Marshall, Texas
Marshall is a city in Harrison County in the northeastern corner of Texas. Marshall is a major cultural and educational center in East Texas and the tri-state area. As of the 2010 census, the population of Marshall was about 23,523. The city is the county seat of Harrison County.
Marshall was a political and production center of the Confederacy during the Civil War and was a major railroad center of the T&P Railroad from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. The city's large African American population and the presence of black institutions of higher learning made Marshall a center of the civil rights movement in the American South. The city is known for holding one of the largest light festivals in the United States, the Wonderland of Lights, and, as the self-proclaimed Pottery Capital of the World, for its sizable pottery industry.
Marshall is also referred to by various nicknames; the Cultural Capital of East Texas, the Gateway of Texas, the Athens of Texas the City of Seven Flags and Center Stage, a branding slogan adopted by the Marshall Convention and Visitors Bureau.
wn.com/Marshall,_Texas -
Mason, Texas
Mason is the seat of Mason County, Texas, United States. The town is an agricultural community on Comanche Creek southwest of Mason Mountain, on the Edwards Plateau and part of the Llano Uplift. The population was 2,114 at the 2010 census.
The first settler is thought to have been William S. Gamel in 1846. The settlement of Mason grew up around Fort Mason which was established by the United States War Department as a front-line defense against Kiowa, Lipan Apache and Comanche, on July 6, 1851. George W. Todd established a Fort Mason post office March 8, 1858, which became consigned to the civilian settlement on June 26, 1858. The protection and commercial possibilities of the fort drew settlers. W. C. Lewis opened a general store that served soldiers and settlers. In 1860, James E. Ranck opened a second store and later became known as "The Father of Mason". He and Ben F. Gooch began leasing 5,000 acres (20 km2) of land to cotton sharecroppers. Mason was elected the county seat in 1861
After the U.S. Civil War, returning Confederate veterans and German ranchers clashed in 1875 over cattle rustling and other crimes. The resulting killings were known as "The HooDoo Wars," In the midst of the war, Loyal Valley home owner Tim Williamson was murdered by a dozen masked vigilantes who accused him of cattle theft. Williamson’s adopted son Texas Ranger Scott Cooley sought revenge. Cooley and his desperadoes, which included Johnny Ringo, created a reign of terror over the area. It was during this episode that Ringo committed his first murder, that of James Cheyney.
wn.com/Mason,_Texas -
Matador, Texas
Matador is a town in and the county seat of Motley County, Texas, United States. The population was 740 at the 2000 census. In 1891, it was established by and named for the Matador Ranch. It is located ninety-five miles east of Lubbock, Texas.
The Matador Ranch was consolidated in 1882 by a Scottish syndicate, and a post office opened at Matador in 1886.
At the end of the 19th century, townspeople freed the community from domination by the Matador Ranch, which was liquidated in 1951, by relocating non-ranch families there and electing their own slate of officials.
The community was incorporated in 1912 and made the county seat. The state required that a town have at least twenty businesses. Local ranch hands hence established fraudulent, temporary businesses using ranch supplies. The only real business in Matador at the time was a saloon.
Its highest population, 1,302, was reached in 1940.
Originally the Carter Hotel, the Hotel Matador was built in 1914 by Roy Carter and his wife, the former Jessie Simpson. For a rural area, the hotel had luxurious rooms with a bell hop, a full-time gardner, and laundry service. It had fifteen rooms, a dining room, and a large nine-foot, oak-rimmed tub as the only bathroom in the facility. An ice cream parlor which ran the length of the lobby operated until the 1920s.
wn.com/Matador,_Texas -
McAllen
McAllen is the largest city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. It is located at the southern tip of Texas in an area known as the Rio Grande Valley and is part of the American Southwest. Its southern boundary is located about five miles from the U.S.–Mexico border and the Mexican city of Reynosa, the Rio Grande, and about 70 miles (110 km) west of South Padre Island and the Gulf of Mexico. The 2010 census put the city's population at 129,877 and the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area at 774,769. The Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area counts with a population of nearly 1.7 million.
The area around McAllen was largely rural in character dependent on agriculture for much of its history since it was settled in 1904. The latter half of the 20th century was marked by steady growth that accelerated during the 1980s and led to an economic and population boom in the 1990s and 2000s. Today the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, although most of its growth was from surrounding smaller cities. The introduction of the maquiladora economy and the North American Free Trade Association led to a boom in international trade, cross-border commerce with Mexico and health care. McAllen's Medicare spending per capita has attracted national scrutiny due to a sharp increase from a national average in 1992 to a near national high by 2006.
wn.com/McAllen -
McAllen, Texas
McAllen is the largest city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. It is located at the southern tip of Texas in an area known as the Rio Grande Valley and is part of the American Southwest. Its southern boundary is located about five miles from the U.S.–Mexico border and the Mexican city of Reynosa, the Rio Grande, and about 70 miles (110 km) west of South Padre Island and the Gulf of Mexico. The 2010 census put the city's population at 129,877 and the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area at 774,769. The Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area counts with a population of nearly 1.7 million.
The area around McAllen was largely rural in character dependent on agriculture for much of its history since it was settled in 1904. The latter half of the 20th century was marked by steady growth that accelerated during the 1980s and led to an economic and population boom in the 1990s and 2000s. Today the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, although most of its growth was from surrounding smaller cities. The introduction of the maquiladora economy and the North American Free Trade Association led to a boom in international trade, cross-border commerce with Mexico and health care. McAllen's Medicare spending per capita has attracted national scrutiny due to a sharp increase from a national average in 1992 to a near national high by 2006.
wn.com/McAllen,_Texas -
McAllen, TX
McAllen is the largest city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. It is located at the southern tip of Texas in an area known as the Rio Grande Valley and is part of the American Southwest. Its southern boundary is located about five miles from the U.S.–Mexico border and the Mexican city of Reynosa, the Rio Grande, and about 70 miles (110 km) west of South Padre Island and the Gulf of Mexico. The 2010 census put the city's population at 129,877 and the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area at 774,769. The Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area counts with a population of nearly 1.7 million.
The area around McAllen was largely rural in character dependent on agriculture for much of its history since it was settled in 1904. The latter half of the 20th century was marked by steady growth that accelerated during the 1980s and led to an economic and population boom in the 1990s and 2000s. Today the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, although most of its growth was from surrounding smaller cities. The introduction of the maquiladora economy and the North American Free Trade Association led to a boom in international trade, cross-border commerce with Mexico and health care. McAllen's Medicare spending per capita has attracted national scrutiny due to a sharp increase from a national average in 1992 to a near national high by 2006.
wn.com/McAllen,_TX -
McKinney, Texas
McKinney is a city in and the county seat of Collin County, Texas, United States, and the second in population to Plano. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city's 2010 population was 131,117 The Census Bureau listed McKinney as the nation's fastest growing city from 2000 to 2003 and again in 2006, among cities with more than 50,000 people. In 2007 it was ranked second-fastest growing among cities with more than 100,000 people and in 2008 as third-fastest. In July 2010, McKinney was ranked 5th place in CNN's Money Magazine's list of best places to live in the United States. Also, McKinney is the only City in Texas that made the top ten. McKinney is one of several fast-growing communities on the northeastern edge of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Both the city and county are named after Collin McKinney, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence, and a congressman for the Red River district of the Republic of Texas.
McKinney was named for Collin McKinney, signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and author of a bill establishing counties in the northern part of the state. On March 24, 1849, William Davis, who owned 3,000 acres (12 km2) where McKinney now stands, donated 120 acres (0.49 km2) for the townsite. Ten years later McKinney was incorporated, and in 1913 the town adopted the commission form of government.
wn.com/McKinney,_Texas -
Memphis, Texas
Memphis is a city in Hall County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,290. It is the county seat of Hall County.
Memphis is the birthplace of former U.S. Representative Larry Combest, who represented the Lubbock-based district from 1985-2003.
Memphis is located at 34°43′36″N 100°32′30″W / 34.72667°N 100.54167°W / 34.72667; -100.54167 (34.726716, -100.541560).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,479 people, 1,024 households, and 660 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,105.2 people per square mile (427.3/km²). There were 1,245 housing units at an average density of 555.1/sq mi (214.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.40% White, 9.08% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 17.63% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.02% of the population.
wn.com/Memphis,_Texas -
Menard, Texas
Menard is a city in and the county seat of Menard County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,653 at the 2000 census.
Menard is located at 30°55′10″N 99°47′4″W / 30.91944°N 99.78444°W / 30.91944; -99.78444 (30.919519, -99.784446). It is situated along the banks of the San Saba River at the junction of U.S. Highways 83 and 190, approximately 140 miles northwest of Austin and San Antonio in central Menard County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
The community was first known as Menardville when the site was laid out in 1858, after the formation of Menard County. Nearby Fort McKavett was deactivated in 1859, leaving the settlers with little protection from frequent Indian raids. The fort reopened after the Civil War. By 1867, Menardville had a store, blacksmith shop, and a saloon. The community served as a trading post and overnight stop on north and west cattle trails. The old compound of a Spanish mission that had been abandoned in the mid-18th century was used as a holding area for cattle on the way to market. A county government was organized in 1871 and a two-story courthouse was built one year later. Menardville had approximately 150 residents by the mid-1880s. The San Saba River flooded in 1899, causing considerable damage to the community.
wn.com/Menard,_Texas -
Mentone, Texas
Mentone is an unincorporated area in Loving County, Texas, the least populous county in the United States. As the county's only community, it serves as the county seat and has a 2010 population of 19, almost one-fourth of the county's 82 people. Mentone was recently the least populated county seat in the United States, but lost that distinction with the 2010 census to Brewster, Nebraska, which has a population of 17. Designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1967 as the "Smallest County Seat in Texas", Marker number 9461.
Mentone is located at 31°42′18″N 103°35′53″W / 31.705°N 103.598°W / 31.705; -103.598 at an elevation of 2,684 feet (818 m). It is situated on State Highway 302, seventy-five miles west of Odessa.
Named after Menton, France by a French surveyor, present-day Mentone is actually the second such named community in Loving County; an earlier Mentone was founded south of the current town in 1893, but was abandoned in 1905. A second town on that site was called Juanita and then Porterville, but was deserted anew when Mentone was reestablished in 1931, with most residents moving to the new town. The town on the current site was named Ramsey before being renamed. During its heyday, Mentone boasted five cafes, five gas stations, two hotels, two drugstores, two recreation halls, two barbershops, a dance hall, a machine shop and a dry cleaner. It also had its own newspaper, the Mentone Monitor, which published from 1932 to 1935. After reaching a high population mark of approximately 600 residents in the 1930s, the population has declined ever since, and in 2000 there were only 15 people, "more or less", according to National Geographic magazine (the total population of Loving County itself (as of 2010) is 82.)
wn.com/Mentone,_Texas -
Meridian, Texas
Meridian is a city located in Bosque County in Central Texas. The population was 1,491 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Bosque County, Texas.
Meridian is located at 31°55′29″N 97°39′24″W / 31.92472°N 97.65667°W / 31.92472; -97.65667 (31.92, -97.66).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), of which, 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) of it is land and 0.46% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,491 people, 515 households, and 358 families residing in the city. The population density was 689.3 people per square mile (266.5/km²). There were 600 housing units at an average density of 277.4/sq mi (107.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.43% White, 5.37% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 8.18% from other races, and 2.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.00% of the population.
There were 515 households out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.27.
wn.com/Meridian,_Texas -
Mertzon, Texas
Mertzon is a city in and the county seat of Irion County, Texas, United States. The population was 839 at the 2000 census. It is part of the San Angelo, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mertzon is located at 31°15′36″N 100°49′15″W / 31.26°N 100.82083°W / 31.26; -100.82083 (31.259951, -100.820759).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 839 people, 315 households, and 239 families residing in the city. The population density was 551.4 people per square mile (213.1/km²). There were 364 housing units at an average density of 239.2/sq mi (92.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.22% White, 0.60% African American, 0.36% Native American, 11.68% from other races, and 2.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.21% of the population.
There were 315 households out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.09.
wn.com/Mertzon,_Texas -
Mesquite, Texas
Mesquite is a city located within the Dallas/Ft.Worth area of Texas. Most of the city is located in Dallas County with a smaller portion in the east overlapping into Kaufman County. As of the 2010 census, the population was 139,824.
The city was founded on March 14, 1878, on land along the Texas & Pacific line outside of Dallas. The railroad, which ran from Dallas to Shreveport, Louisiana, began stopping at the newly-created town shortly thereafter, and the city began to grow around the railroad. The city was officially incorporated on December 3, 1887.
Mesquite prospered through the late 19th century and early 20th century as a farming community growing cotton, hay, corn and sugar and using the railroad to ship raw goods. The town remained predominantly agrarian until after World War II when the suburban boom also took root in Mesquite. The city's population rapidly grew from 1,696 in the 1950 census to 27,526 in 1960 and 55,131 in 1970.
In 1958, the Mesquite Championship Rodeo was established, and in 1959, Big Town Mall opened as the first air conditioned shopping mall in the United States. The mall was demolished in the summer of 2006.
wn.com/Mesquite,_Texas -
Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] (
listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
wn.com/Mexico -
Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
wn.com/Mexico_City -
Miami, Texas
Miami (pronounced mi-AM-uh) is a city in Roberts County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Pampa, Texas Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 588 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Roberts County and the only municipality in the county.
Miami is located at 35°41′35″N 100°38′20″W / 35.693048°N 100.638933°W / 35.693048; -100.638933 (35.693048, -100.638933).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 588 people, 242 households, and 173 families residing in the city. The population density was 504.0 people per square mile (194.0/km2). There were 283 housing units at an average density of 242.6 per square mile (93.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.75% White, 0.85% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 1.53% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.57% of the population.
There were 242 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.
wn.com/Miami,_Texas -
Midland, Texas
Midland is a city in and the county seat of Midland County, Texas, United States, on the Southern Plains of the state's western area. A small portion of the city extends into Martin County. As of 2010, the population of Midland was 111,147. It is the principal city of the Midland, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Midland County. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland–Odessa, Texas Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 274,002 as of July 1, 2010. People in Midland are called Midlanders.
Midland was originally founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1881. The city has received national recognition as the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush, and the onetime home of former President George H.W. Bush, former President George W. Bush, and former First Lady Barbara Bush.
Midland was originally established in June 1881 as Midway Station, on the Texas and Pacific Railway; it earned its name because of its central location between Fort Worth and El Paso. At times Midland was nicknamed "The Tall City." But because there were already other towns in Texas by the name of Midway, the city changed its name to Midland in January 1884 when it was granted its first Post Office. Midland became the county seat of Midland county in March 1885 when that county was first organized and separated from Tom Green County. By 1890 it had become one of the most important cattle shipping centers in the state. The city was first incorporated in 1906, and by 1910 the city established its first fire department along with a new water system.
wn.com/Midland,_Texas -
Mission, Texas
Mission is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 77,058 at the 2010 census Mission is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas.
Mission is located at 26°12′41″N 98°19′17″W / 26.21139°N 98.32139°W / 26.21139; -98.32139 (26.211402, -98.321277).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.1 square miles (62 km2), of which, 24.1 square miles (62 km2) of it is land and 0.04% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 45,408 people, 13,766 households, and 11,384 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,881.9 people per square mile (726.6/km²). There were 17,723 housing units at an average density of 734.5 per square mile (283.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.63% White, 0.37% African American, 0.38% Native American, 1.63% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 18.64% from other races, and 2.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 81.03% of the population.
wn.com/Mission,_Texas -
Monahans, Texas
Monahans is a city in and the county seat of Ward County, Texas, United States. A very small portion of the city extends into Winkler County. The population was 6,821 at the 2000 census.
The Permian Basin, home to Monahans and Midland/Odessa MSA, is 250 miles (400 km) wide and 300 miles (480 km) long - Monahans is "The Center of the Permian Basin". The basin was formed during the Permian Period, the final portion of the Paleozoic Era. At the time, it was an ocean filled with abundant aquatic life.
In 1583, a Spanish explorer named Antonio de Espejo crossed this area on his way through present-day New Mexico. The Indians in the Monahans region were called "Vaqueros" by these Spanish explorers because they hunted the "hump-backed cow" or bison. Records of Spanish exploring the Los Medano (the sand dunes) outside Monahans can be traced to the early 1770s.
Located in a region where native Comanches, Mescalero, and Lipan Apache Indians once roamed, Monahans' history as a community extends back to the late 1880s with the expansion of the Texas and Pacific Railway across the south plains. For the few people living in West Texas, the building of a transcontinental railroad through the area meant the arrival of civilization. In the summer of 1881, Texas and Pacific Railroad contracted with surveyor John Thomas Monahan, who discovered that the lack of water for the laying crew and their animals would slow down construction of the rail. Monahans' digging of a water well produced an abundance of good water (250,000 US gallons (950,000 L) a day) and was instrumental in the success of the city. Prior to this solution, water had to be hauled from the area of Big Spring, Texas.
wn.com/Monahans,_Texas -
Morton, Texas
Morton is a town in Cochran County, Texas, United States. The population of Morton was 2,006 when counted for the 2010 Census. This represented a 10.8% population decline since the 2000 Census (2,249). Morton is the county seat of Cochran County. With the release of the 2010 Census, Cochran County has a population of 3,127, which represents a decline of 16.2% since the 2000 Census was taken (3,730).
Famous Cattle Baron Christopher C. Slaughter died in 1919 and in 1921 his heirs dissolved his cattle company. Slaughter's eldest daughter, Minnie Slaughter Veal, hired an agent to sell her share of the property and this agent - named Morton Smith - founded the town of Morton.
In 1923 the actual townsite was platted and Smith's land office was on the eastside of the square.
In 1924, Morton (the town) became the county seat over a town called Ligon. The Slaughters had founded Ligon and were hoping that it would become county seat. Cochran County's western boundary is along the Texas - New Mexico border.
wn.com/Morton,_Texas -
Mount Vernon, Texas
Mount Vernon is a town in Franklin County, Texas, United States. It is the Franklin County seat, and the population was 2,286 at the 2000 census.
Mount Vernon is located at 33°10′55″N 95°13′27″W / 33.18194°N 95.22417°W / 33.18194; -95.22417 (33.181890, -95.224147).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,286 people, 903 households, and 582 families residing in the town. The population density was 618.7 people per square mile (239.2/km²). There were 1,045 housing units at an average density of 282.8 per square mile (109.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.21% White, 13.52% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 7.17% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.80% of the population.
There were 903 households out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.08.
wn.com/Mount_Vernon,_Texas -
Muleshoe, Texas
Muleshoe is a small city in Bailey County, Texas, United States. The town of Muleshoe was founded in 1913 when the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway built an 88-mile (142 km) line from Farwell, Texas to Lubbock through northern Bailey County. In 1926, Muleshoe was incorporated. The population was 5,158 at the 2010 census. The county seat of Bailey County, it is home to the National Mule Memorial.
The Muleshoe Heritage Center located off the combined U.S. Routes 70 and 84 is a popular museum which commemorates the importance of ranching to West Texas. The complex has several unique buildings originally from Bailey County that display the living conditions of the area in the late-19th century and the early to mid-20th century.
The Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge is located some twenty miles (32 km) to the south on State Highway 214. Founded in 1935, the refuge is the oldest of its kind in the state of Texas. It is a 5,000-acre (20 km2) wintering area for migratory waterfowl flying from Canada to Mexico. It contains the largest number of sandhill cranes in North America.
wn.com/Muleshoe,_Texas -
Nacogdoches, Texas
Nacogdoches ( /ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɨs/ NAK-ə-DOH-chəs) is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, in the United States. The 2010 census recorded the city's population to be 32,996. It is the county seat of Nacogdoches County and is situated in East Texas. Nacogdoches is a sister city of Natchitoches, Louisiana.
Nacogdoches is the home of Stephen F. Austin State University and of the Association for Business Communication.
The town made international headlines in February 2003, after receiving much of the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster debris.
Nacogdoches is located at 31°36′32″N 94°39′3″W / 31.60889°N 94.65083°W / 31.60889; -94.65083 (31.608855, -94.650862). Its location is approximately 140 miles (225 km) NNE of Houston, 180 miles (290 km) SE of Dallas and 90 miles (145 km) SW of Shreveport.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.3 square miles (66 km2), of which, 25.2 square miles (65 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.24%) is water. The city center is located just to the north of the fork of two creeks, the LaNana and Banita.
wn.com/Nacogdoches,_Texas -
New Braunfels, Texas
New Braunfelsi/ˌnjuː ˈbrɔːnfəlz/ is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is one of the two principal cities of the San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being the City of San Antonio. Braunfels means "brown rock" in German; the city is named for Braunfels, in Germany. The city's population was 57,740 as of the 2010 census, up 58% from the 2000 census population of 36,494. It is the seat of Comal County. New Braunfels has a sizeable German Texan community. During the 19th century, its name was often spelled Neu-Braunfels, even by English speakers.
New Braunfels was established in 1845 by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, Commissioner General of the Adelsverein, also known as the Noblemen's Society (in German: Mainzer Adelsverein). Prince Solms named the settlement in honor of his home of Solms-Braunfels, Germany.
The Adelsverein organized hundreds of people in Germany to settle in Texas. Immigrants from Germany began arriving at Galveston in July, 1844. Most then traveled by ship to Indianola in December, 1844 and began the overland journey to the Fisher-Miller Land Grant purchased by Prince Solms. At the urging of John Coffee Hays, who realized the settlers would not have time to build homes and plant crops further inland before winter, and as the German settlers were traveling inland along the Guadalupe River, they stopped near the Comal Springs. Prince Solms bought two leagues of land from the Rafael Garza and Maria Antonio Veramendi Garza for $1,111.00.
wn.com/New_Braunfels,_Texas -
Newton, Texas
Newton is a city in Newton County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,459 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Newton County.
Both Newton County and its county seat, Newton, were named after John Newton, a supposed hero of the American Revolutionary War. However, John Newton's heroics are said to be a product of Parson Weems, who also fictionalized the story of George Washington and the cherry tree. In 1853, disputes led to the building of a courthouse and town in the county's geographical center instead of in Burkeville, a community 11 miles north northeast of Newton. A second courthouse in Newton, a Second Empire style structure, was built in 1902-03 with bricks from nearby Caney Creek, according to a Texas Historical Commission marker. The town was incorporated in 1935 and remains the only incorporated city in the county. The town's public school began when the W.H. Ford Male and Female College was chartered in 1889. The site of the college later became the Powell Hotel and now serves as a museum and houses the city's chamber of commerce. The growth of the city during the first half of the 20th century was largely due to the dominant timber industry in East Texas. The town had at least one newspaper prior to 1920s. The county courthouse, a focal point of a city square that featured extensive Christmas lighting in the early 1990s, was severely damaged by a fire in August 2000. Various funding and other problems pushed back the time frame for the restoration of the edifice for several years. Completion of the rebuilding is estimated to be sometime in 2008. Although almost 80 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, Newton suffered extensive damage in September 2005 from Hurricane Rita. The National Weather Service estimated wind gusts in the vicinity of Newton to be between 80 mph to 100 mph. Some residents were without electricity for at least one month.
wn.com/Newton,_Texas -
Northeast Texas
Coordinates: 32°26′N 94°59′W / 32.433°N 94.983°W / 32.433; -94.983
Northeast Texas is a region in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Texas. It is geographically centered around two metropolitan areas strung along Interstate 20: Tyler in the west and Longview/Marshall to the east. Clarksville, Mount Pleasant, Greenville, Paris and Texarkana in the north and the Nacogdoches/Lufkin area, Jacksonville and Palestine to the south are also major cities within the region. Most of Northeast Texas is included in the inter-state region of the Arklatex.
Its climate is warmer and wetter than most of Texas and its geography is more hilly and forested. Its culture is similar to that of Southeast Texas, but does not have as much of a Cajun influence. Many of the largest cities in Northeast Texas still follow a rural Southern way of life, especially in dialect, mannerisms, religion, and cuisine.
The geography is composed mainly of the Piney Woods, a mixed forest of deciduous and conifer flora. The Piney woods cover 23,500 square miles (60,900 km²) of gently rolling or hilly forested land. These woods are part of a much larger region of pine-hardwood forest that extends into Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Northeast Texas lies within the Gulf Coastal Plain and receives more rainfall, 35 to 50 inches (890 to 1270 mm), than the rest of Texas.
wn.com/Northeast_Texas -
Odessa, Texas
Odessa is a city in and the county seat of Ector County, Texas, United States. It is located primarily in Ector County, although a small portion of the city extends into Midland County. Odessa's population was 99,940 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Odessa, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Ector County. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland–Odessa, Texas Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 266,941 as of July 1, 2009. estimate.
Odessa was founded in 1881 as a water stop and cattle shipping point on the Texas and Pacific Railway. The first post office opened in 1885. Odessa became the county seat of Ector county in 1891 when Ector county was first organized. It became an incorporated city in 1927, after oil was discovered in Ector county on the Connell Ranch southwest of Odessa.
With the opening of the Penn Field in 1929, and the Cowden Field in 1930, oil became a major draw for new residents. In 1925 the population was just 750, by 1929 it had risen to 5,000. Due to increased demand for oil during the second world war the city's population had expanded to 10,000.
wn.com/Odessa,_Texas -
Olmito, Texas
Olmito is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. Olmito is Spanish for "little elm." The population was 1,198 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area. Olmito is the self-described "mesquite capital of the world."
Olmito is located at 26°1′11″N 97°32′5″W / 26.01972°N 97.53472°W / 26.01972; -97.53472 (26.019655, -97.534690).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2), of which, 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km², or 2.90%) of it is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,198 people, 303 households, and 270 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,787.9 people per square mile (690.4/km²). There were 322 housing units at an average density of 480.6/sq mi (185.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.25% White, 1.34% from other races, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 96.49% of the population.
wn.com/Olmito,_Texas -
Orange, Texas
Orange is a city in Orange County, Texas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 18,643. It is the county seat of Orange County, and is the easternmost city in Texas. Located on the Sabine River at the border with Louisiana, it is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. Founded in 1836, it is a deep-water port (to the Gulf of Mexico).
This community was originally called Green Bluff for a man named Reason Green, a Sabine River boatman who arrived at this location sometime before 1830. A short time later, in 1840, the town was renamed Madison in honor of President James Madison. To resolve the frequent post office confusion with another Texas community called Madisonville, the town was renamed "Orange" in 1858. The area experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century due to 17 sawmills within the city limits, making Orange the center of the Texas lumber industry. Orange's growth led to the arrival of many immigrants in the late 19th century, including a moderately-sized Jewish population by 1896. In 1898, the County built a courthouse in the city, which eventually burned down and was replaced by the Orange County Courthouse.
wn.com/Orange,_Texas -
Ozona, Texas
Ozona is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Crockett County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,436 at the 2000 census. It is the only Census Bureau-recognized community in Crockett County, which is named for Colonel Davy Crockett, a hero of the Alamo.
Ozona is called the "Biggest Little Town in the World." It is located on Interstate 10 some eighty-two miles southwest of San Angelo. Crockett County is one of the nation's leading producers of wool and mohair. It is situated in the Edwards Plateau region in the western edge of the Texas Hill Country. Hunters come to Ozona in search of white-tailed deer, javelina, and game birds.
The county was organized in 1891 under a giant oak tree, which still stands and shades the historical marker describing the event. The Davy Crockett Monument is a large statue in the City Park on the town square.
Ozona was known as Powell Well, after land surveyor E.M. Powell, when it was founded in 1891. In 1897 it was renamed Ozona for the high quantity of its open air, or "ozone". A flood in 1954 killed sixteen people and destroyed about half of the homes in the town.
wn.com/Ozona,_Texas -
Paducah, Texas
Paducah is a town in Cottle County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,498 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Cottle County. It is just south of the Texas Panhandle.
Paducah is located at 34°0′50″N 100°18′14″W / 34.01389°N 100.30389°W / 34.01389; -100.30389 (34.013957, -100.303780).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
It is one of two cities named Paducah located in the United States. The other Paducah is in extreme western Kentucky. Paducah, Texas was named after Paducah, Kentucky.[1]
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,498 people, 650 households, and 421 families residing in the town. The population density was 985.0 people per square mile (380.5/km²). There were 820 housing units at an average density of 539.2 per square mile (208.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 79.57% White, 11.21% African American, 7.61% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.29% of the population.
wn.com/Paducah,_Texas -
Paint Rock, Texas
Paint Rock is a town in and the county seat of Concho County, Texas, United States. The population was 320 at the 2000 census.
The town's name comes from Indian pictographs painted on cliffs overlooking the nearby Concho River.These pictographs cover nearly half a mile upstream from the town of Paint Rock. Some of the pictures painted on the rocks include animals, human figures, and handprints.
Paint Rock is located at 31°30′28″N 99°55′24″W / 31.50778°N 99.92333°W / 31.50778; -99.92333 (31.507777, -99.923277).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km2), all of it land.
A chapter titled, "An Episode of Paint Rock" is devoted to the town in the 1895 book, "A Lone Star Bo-Peep, and Other Tales of Texan Ranch Life" written by Howard Seely. The chapter chronicles the week of May 5, 1883 in Paint Rock and features several local residents in the text.
As of the census of 2000, there were 320 people, 110 households, and 83 families residing in the town. The population density was 192.7 people per square mile (74.4/km²). There were 126 housing units at an average density of 75.9 per square mile (29.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.19% White, 2.81% Native American, 19.69% from other races, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino were 28.44% of the population.
wn.com/Paint_Rock,_Texas -
Palestine, Texas
Palestine ( /ˈpælɛstiːn/ PAL-e-steen) is a city in Anderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 17,598, and 18,458 in the 2009 estimate. It is the county seat of Anderson County and is situated in East Texas. Palestine was named for Palestine, Illinois, by Daniel Parker.
The largest employer is the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, which employs more than 3,900. Another 1,600 work at two Wal-Mart distribution centers. Other significant employers include a thriving medical and healthcare sector that tends to the large population of retirees.
Palestine entered the news in February 2003, as one of the East Texas towns that received much of the debris from the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, where seven astronauts were killed, including the first Israeli astronaut. Palestine is also home to the NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (renamed after the shuttle crash), which has flown 1700 high-altitude balloons for universities and research agencies.
wn.com/Palestine,_Texas -
Palo Pinto, Texas
Palo Pinto is an unincorporated town in Palo Pinto County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat, and has an estimated population of 425.
When legislation calling for organization of Palo Pinto County was passed in 1856, a community was designated to be built within 5 miles of the center of the county to serve as the seat of government. The county was formally organized in May 1857, and on August 18 of the same year the first session of the county court was held, at which time the plans for the new county seat were discussed and enacted. The community, then called Golconda, was laid out soon thereafter and received its post office in March 1858. It was around this time that the town (and, soon after, post office) were re-named Palo Pinto.
The first Palo Pinto County Courthouse was built in 1857, and a two-story stone jail was built soon after. By 1860, Palo Pinto possessed a hotel, a law firm, several saloons and its own school. The Civil War, however, had a dire effect on commerce in the community forcing several businesses to close. Over the next decade or so, it evolved into a shipping point for the local ranching industry. The county's first newspaper opened in 1876, and throughout the 1870s the town remained the center of government, commerce, and the only town and principal settlement in Palo Pinto County.
wn.com/Palo_Pinto,_Texas -
Pampa, Texas
Pampa is a city in Gray County, Texas, United States. The population was 17,887 in 2000 according to the 2000 census. Pampa is the county seat of Gray County and is the principal city of the Pampa Micropolitan Statistical Area which includes both Gray and Roberts counties.
Pampa hosts the Top 'O Texas Rodeo each year in July which brings competitors from Texas and the surrounding states to Gray County. The White Deer Land Company Museum which showcases ranching exhibits is located in downtown Pampa.
Pampa is located at 35°32′35″N 100°57′53″W / 35.54306°N 100.96472°W / 35.54306; -100.96472 (35.543005, -100.964744). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total land area of 8.7 square miles (23 km2).
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,887 people, 7,387 households, and 5,074 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,050.0 people per square mile (791.1/km²). There were 8,785 housing units at an average density of 1,006.8 per square mile (388.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.69% White, 3.85% African American, 1.07% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 8.22% from other races, and 2.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.72% of the population.
wn.com/Pampa,_Texas -
Panhandle, Texas
Panhandle is a town in Carson County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,589 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Carson County. Panhandle is part of the Amarillo, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. In July 2009 the population was estimated at 2,425.
Panhandle's history has been closely tied to the railroad. City Hall is located in a former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe depot.
Temple Lea Houston (1860–1905), the eighth and last child of the legendary Sam Houston, built a home near Panhandle. In 1881, he was named district attorney for the 35th Judicial District. He was elected to the Texas State Senate in 1884, two years before he met the minimum age requirement of twenty-six. Houston was known for favoring legislation popular with frontiersmen.
Panhandle is located at 35°20′51″N 101°22′55″W / 35.3475°N 101.38194°W / 35.3475; -101.38194 (35.347409, -101.381997).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
wn.com/Panhandle,_Texas -
Paris, Texas
Paris, Texas is a city located 98 miles (158 km) northeast of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex in Lamar County, Texas, in the United States. It is situated in Northeast Texas at the western edge of the Piney Woods. Physiographically, these regions are part of the West Gulf Coastal Plain. In 1900, 9,358 people lived in Paris; in 1910, 11,269; in 1920, 15,040; and in 1940, 18,678. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 25,171. It is the county seat of Lamar County and serves as a business and employment center for the county.
The film Paris, Texas by Wim Wenders was named after the city, but was not set there.
Local residents like the humorous slogan "Second Largest Paris in the World." Following a tradition of American cities named "Paris", a 65-foot (20 m) replica of the Eiffel Tower was constructed in 1993. In 1998, presumably as a response to the 1993 construction of a 70-foot (21 m) tower in Paris, Tennessee, the city placed a giant red cowboy hat atop the tower. The current tower is at least the second Eiffel Tower replica built in Paris; the first was constructed of wood and later destroyed by a tornado.
wn.com/Paris,_Texas -
Pasadena, Texas
Pasadena ( /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Harris County, 17th-largest in Texas, and 162nd largest in the United States. The area was founded in 1893 by John H. Burnett of Galveston. Burnett, the founder,[citation needed] named the area after Pasadena, California because of the perceived lush vegetation.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city's population was 149,043. The Pasadena Volunteer Fire Department is the largest all volunteer municipal fire department in the United States.
Prior to European settlement the area around Galveston Bay was settled by the Karankawa and Atakapan tribes, particularly the Akokisa, who lived throughout the Gulf coast region. Spanish explorers such as the Rivas-Iriarte expedition and José Antonio de Evia charted the bay and gave it its name. The pirate Jean Lafitte established a short-lived kingdom based in Galveston in the early 19th century with bases and hide-outs around the bay and around Clear Lake. Lafitte was forced to leave in 1821 by the U.S. Navy.
wn.com/Pasadena,_Texas -
Pearsall, Texas
Pearsall is a city in and the county seat of Frio County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,001 at the 2000 census.
Pearsall is located at 28°53′29″N 99°5′42″W / 28.89139°N 99.095°W / 28.89139; -99.095 (28.891458, -99.094873).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), of which, 4.2 square miles (11 km2) of it was land and 0.24% is water.
In 2003, Pearsall annexed the West Pearsall CDP, increasing the population of the town by about 350 people. This increased the area of the city by 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, 7,523 people reside in Pearsall with 2,201 households, and 12 families residing in the city. The population density was 100,694.7 people per square mile (654.8/km²). There were 2,470 housing units at an average density of 584.9/sq mi (226.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.80% White, 0.39% African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 22.01% from other races, and 2.79% from two or more races. 84.24% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
wn.com/Pearsall,_Texas -
Pecos, Texas
Pecos is the largest city in and the county seat of Reeves County, Texas, United States. It is situated in the river valley on the west bank of the Pecos River at the eastern edge of the Chihuahuan Desert and the Trans-Pecos region of west Texas and near the southern border of New Mexico. The population was 9,501 at the 2000 census, but, according to a July 2009 estimate, the population has since dropped to 7,782. The city on January 24, 2012 had just appeared on Forbes 400 as the 2nd-fastest growing small town in the country. The city is a regional commercial center for ranching, oil and gas production and agriculture. The city is most recognized for its association with the local cultivation of cantaloupes. Pecos claims to be the site of the world's first rodeo on July 4, 1883.
Pecos is one of the numerous towns in West Texas organized around a train depot during the construction of the Texas and Pacific Railway. These towns were subsequently linked by the construction of U.S. Highway 80 and Interstate 20. Prior to the arrival of the railroad, a permanent camp existed nearby where cattle drives crossed the Pecos River. With the introduction of irrigation from underground aquifers, the city became a center of commerce for extensive local agricultural production of cotton, onions and cantaloupes. The introduction of large scale sulfur mining in adjacent Culberson County during the 1960s led to significant economic and population growth. The growth was reversed after mining operations ceased in the 1990s.
wn.com/Pecos,_Texas -
Perryton, Texas
Perryton is a city in Ochiltree County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,774 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Ochiltree County.
Perryton is located at 36°23′30″N 100°48′22″W / 36.39167°N 100.80611°W / 36.39167; -100.80611 (36.391752, -100.806109).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.5 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.4 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.45%) is water.
At the 2000 census, there were 7,774 people, 2,785 households and 2,113 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,753.2 per square mile (677.6/km²). There were 3,180 housing units at an average density of 717.2 per square mile (277.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.23% White, 0.15% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 11.10% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.13% of the population.
There were 2,785 households of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.22.
wn.com/Perryton,_Texas -
Pittsburg, Texas
Pittsburg is a city located in Camp County, Texas. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 4,347. It is the county seat of Camp County. It is best known as the home of the giant poultry producer Pilgrim's Pride and the home of racing legend Carroll Shelby. Pittsburg is also the birthplace of Cavenders Boot City.
The city is named for the family of William Harrison Pitts.
Pittsburg is located at 32°59'49" North, 94°58'5" West (32.997029, -94.968044).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2), of which, 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
As of the census of 2000, there are 4,347 people (5100 as a present estimate), 1,593 households (4530 as a present estimate), 150 rental apartments, 1,056 families residing in the city, 25 Protestant churches, and 1 Catholic. The population density is 1,301.9 people per square mile (502.5/km²). There are 1,779 housing units at an average density of 532.8 per square mile (205.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 54.50% White, 27.97% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 15.76% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. 23.86% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
wn.com/Pittsburg,_Texas -
Plains, Texas
Plains is a town in and the county seat of Yoakum County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,450 at the 2000 census.
Plains is located at 33°11′25″N 102°49′39″W / 33.19028°N 102.8275°W / 33.19028; -102.8275 (33.190251, -102.827578)..
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 square miles (2.6 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,450 people, 485 households, and 390 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,465.6 people per square mile (565.5/km²). There were 569 housing units at an average density of 575.1 per square mile (221.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 69.66% White, 0.76% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 27.79% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 53.03% of the population.
There were 485 households out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.0% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.37.
wn.com/Plains,_Texas -
Plainview, Texas
Plainview is a city in and the county seat of Hale County, Texas, United States. The population was 22,336 at the 2000 census.
Plainview is located at 34°11′28″N 101°43′8″W / 34.19111°N 101.71889°W / 34.19111; -101.71889 (34.191204, -101.718806).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.8 square miles (36 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 22,336 people, 7,626 households, and 5,666 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,621.0 inhabitants per square mile (625.9 /km2). There were 8,471 housing units at an average density of 614.8 /sq mi (237.4 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 63.21% White, 5.87% African American, 1.13% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 26.53% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.83% of the population.
There were 7,626 households out of which 40.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size is 200 million.
wn.com/Plainview,_Texas -
Plano, Texas
Plano ( /ˈpleɪnoʊ/) is a city in the state of Texas, located mostly within Collin County. The city's population was 259,841 at the 2010 census, making it the ninth-largest city in Texas (Corpus Christi is ranked at #8 and Laredo is ranked at #10) and the 71st most populous city in the United States. Plano is located within the metropolitan area commonly referred to as the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The city is home to many corporate headquarters: Alliance Data, Cinemark Theatres, Dell Services, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Ericsson, Frito-Lay, HP Enterprise Services, Huawei, J. C. Penney, Pizza Hut, Rent-A-Center, Traxxas, and Siemens PLM Software.
In 2005, Plano was designated the best place to live in the Western United States by CNN Money magazine. In 2006, Plano was selected as the 11th best place to live in the United States by CNN Money magazine. Plano schools consistently score among the highest in the nation. It has been rated as the wealthiest city in the United States by CNN Money with a poverty rate of less than 6.4%. In 2008, Forbes.com selected Plano, University Park, and Highland Park as the three "Top Suburbs To Live Well" of Dallas. The United States Census Bureau declared Plano the wealthiest city of 2008 by comparing the median household income for all U.S. cities whose populations were greater than 250,000. The annual Plano Balloon Festival and the Plano International Festival are two of the city's premiere cultural and entertainment events. In October 2010, Forbes magazine named Plano the safest city to live in America with a population greater than 250,000. In December 2011, Plano once again topped the list of Forbes Magazine's safest cities in America.
wn.com/Plano,_Texas -
Port Arthur, Texas
Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area of the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 57,755 at the 2000 census.
Port Arthur is located on the western bank of Sabine Lake. The Rainbow Bridge across the Neches River connects Port Arthur to Bridge City.
Aurora was located near the mouth of Taylor Bayou on Sabine Lake, at the site of present-day Port Arthur. The town was conceived as early as 1837, and by 1840 promoters led by Almanzon Huston were advertising town lots. Although some lots were sold, Houston's project failed to materialize. The area came to be known as Sparks after John Sparks and his family moved to the shores of Sabine Lake near the Aurora townsite. The Eastern Texas Railroad, completed between Sabine Pass and Beaumont just before the outbreak of the Civil War, passed about four miles west of Sparks. The railroad passing track at this point was named Aurora after the Houston project. The rails were removed during the Civil War. A few scattered settlers remained until 1886, when a destructive hurricane led residents to dismantle their homes and move to Beaumont. By 1895 Aurora was a ghost town. The abandoned community, however, soon became the site of Arthur E. Stilwell's new city, Port Arthur.
wn.com/Port_Arthur,_Texas -
Port Isabel, Texas
Port Isabel is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas. The population was 5,006 at the 2010 census.
The town's name is also attached to the Port Isabel Detention Center located in nearby Los Fresnos.
On September 1967, Hurricane Beulah caused extensive damage to much of the city of Port Isabel. On 23 July 2008, Hurricane Dolly, a category 2 storm, also caused extensive damage to the city.
Port Isabel is located at 26°4'25" North, 97°12'48" West (26.073675, -97.213234).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), of which, 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) of it is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2) of it is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,965 people, 1,649 households, and 1,225 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,215.5 people per square mile (853.8/km²). There were 2,055 housing units at an average density of 935.8 per square mile (360.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.67% White, 1.03% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 15.54% from other races, and 3.08% from two or more races. 74.39% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
wn.com/Port_Isabel,_Texas -
Port Lavaca, Texas
Port Lavaca is a city in Calhoun County, Texas. The population was 12,248 at the 2010 census. The County had a 3.6% growth which brought the county population to 21,381. The city itself is bringing in more business into the area. It is the county seat of Calhoun County. It is a part of the Victoria, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Port Lavaca is located at 28°36′56″N 96°37′47″W / 28.61556°N 96.62972°W / 28.61556; -96.62972 (28.615635, -96.629741). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.6 square miles (35 km2), of which 9.8 square miles (25 km2) is land and 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2) (28.23%) is water.
Port Lavaca holds the state record of the highest wind speed ever reached. During Hurricane Carla in September 1961, the winds were recorded to gust up to 170 mph. In 2004, Port Lavaca including the South Texas Area, had recorded up to as much of 12 inches of snowfall.
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,248 people, 4,189 households, and 3,133 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,229.9 people per square mile (474.6/km²). There were 4,791 housing units at an average density of 489.6 per square mile (188.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.95% White, 4.05% African American, 0.47% Native American, 3.96% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 16.92% from other races, and 2.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50.11% of the population. 40.5% of the white population are of Moravian (German/Czech) origin.
wn.com/Port_Lavaca,_Texas -
Post, Texas
Post is a city in and the county seat of Garza County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,708 at the 2000 census.
There are many ranchers and civic boosters in Garza County, among them Giles McCrary, a former mayor who until his death in 2011 operated the OS Museum, a hybrid of exhibits from both the American West and Asia, which are changed three times per year.
Post observed its centennial in 2007. Festivities began with a parade and were followed by The All-School Reunion Dance, which featured the band Thrift Store Cowboys from Post, Texas. Old Mill Trade Days offered six hours of live music as well as other activities. Throughout the weekend commemoration, there were art shows, museum exhibits, and theater productions to observe the centennial.
In 1987, the Texas Historical Commission designated Post as a Texas Main Street City. Main Street is lined with gift and clothing stores located in restored historic buildings. Centennial Plaza on the courthouse lawn honors veterans and Post civic leaders.
wn.com/Post,_Texas -
Primera, Texas
Primera is a town in Cameron County, Texas, United States, near Combes. The population was 2,723 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Primera is located at 26°13′23″N 97°45′5″W / 26.22306°N 97.75139°W / 26.22306; -97.75139 (26.223152, -97.751470).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,723 people, 735 households, and 659 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,772.4 people per square mile (682.7/km²). There were 780 housing units at an average density of 507.7 per square mile (195.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 81.60% White, 0.66% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 14.03% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 89.57% of the population.
There were 735 households out of which 54.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.4% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.3% were non-families. 8.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.70 and the average family size was 3.90.
wn.com/Primera,_Texas -
Quanah, Texas
Quanah /ˈkwɑːnə/ is a city in and the county seat of Hardeman County, Texas, United States, 192 miles (309 km) northwest of Fort Worth, and a few miles from the Oklahoma-Texas state line. It is named for Quanah Parker, the last Comanche chief.
The community was organized in 1884 as a stop on the Fort Worth and Denver Railway.
The county seat of Hardeman County was moved from Margaret to Quanah in 1890 after an acrimonious battle that contributed to the splitting off of the southern section of Hardeman County as Foard County. The courthouse, constructed in 1908, anchors what is now the historic downtown district. The courthouse was financed by a bond election approved by voters in 1906. The project architect was R.H. Stuckey of Chillicothe, Texas. It has both domed cupola and Ionic columns.
Southeast of Quanah and south of Chillicothe is the ghost town of Medicine Mound, which consists of two buildings. One is a restoration of a former general store, which highlights the history of rural America. The curator is Myna Potts.
wn.com/Quanah,_Texas -
Quitman, Texas
Quitman is a city in Wood County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,030 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wood County. It is most notable for being the birthplace of Academy Award winning actress Sissy Spacek. The city's slogan is "Come grow with us." It was established in 1850.
Quitman is located at 32°47′46″N 95°26′40″W / 32.79611°N 95.44444°W / 32.79611; -95.44444 (32.796026, -95.444501).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.8 km²).
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,030 people, 775 households, and 509 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,103.5 people per square mile (426.0/km²). There were 874 housing units at an average density of 475.1 per square mile (183.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.05% White, 6.40% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 1.63% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.30% of the population.
wn.com/Quitman,_Texas -
Rancho Viejo, Texas
Rancho Viejo is a town in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,754 at the 2000 census. The town is named from a ranch in that area named "Rancho Viejo" (Old Ranch). This ranch was owned by Blas María de la Garza Falcón, whose name was given to a nearby dam, Falcon Dam.
Rancho Viejo may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Rancho Viejo is located at 26°2′18″N 97°33′16″W / 26.03833°N 97.55444°W / 26.03833; -97.55444 (26.038219, -97.554392).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2), of which, 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (7.05%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,754 people, 705 households, and 511 families residing in the town. The population density was 832.6 people per square mile (321.0/km²). There were 1,160 housing units at an average density of 550.6 per square mile (212.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 87.80% White, 0.51% African American, 0.11% Native American, 4.33% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 5.13% from other races, and 1.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 48.00% of the population.
wn.com/Rancho_Viejo,_Texas -
Rangerville, Texas
Rangerville was incorporated in 1958 in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 203 at the 2000 census, when it was still listed as a village.
Rangerville may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Rangerville is located at 26°6′11″N 97°44′20″W / 26.10306°N 97.73889°W / 26.10306; -97.73889 (26.103104, -97.738982).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village had a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2), of which, 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.56%) is water.
The city is governed by a mayor and two city commissioners. The city has no taxes and provides no services.
As of the census of 2000, there were 203 people, 57 households, and 47 families residing in the village. The population density was 57.6 people per square mile (22.2/km²). There were 66 housing units at an average density of 18.7 per square mile (7.2/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 65.02% White, 3.45% African American, 29.56% from other races, and 1.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 77.34% of the population.
wn.com/Rangerville,_Texas -
Rankin, Texas
Rankin is a city in Upton County, Texas, United States. The population was 800 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of the thinly populated county – in 2000, only 3,404 people lived in the entire county, and McCamey was the only larger town. It is named after F.E. Rankin, a local rancher.
Rankin is located at 31°13′28″N 101°56′27″W / 31.22444°N 101.94083°W / 31.22444; -101.94083 (31.224412, -101.940866). It is at the junction of U.S. Highway 67 and Texas State Highway 329, known locally as Ranch Road 870.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.7 km²), all of it land.
The town was founded in 1911, and the post office was built a year later. In 1921, still a tiny community based around the ranching industry, it was designated county seat. Rankin was served by the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway.
The discovery of the Yates Oil Field in adjacent Pecos County in 1926 converted Rankin into a boom town. Since Rankin was the nearest settlement on a rail line, it became the center for the oil services industry for the nearby oil fields. During the Great Depression the population declined as the price of oil fell, and as workers moved away to work in newly-discovered fields in East Texas and elsewhere; however, a secondary boom occurred in the 1940s with the discovery of the nearby Benedum Oil Field. A hospital, three new schools, and a library date from this period. The population has gradually fallen since its secondary peak of 1,278 in 1980.
wn.com/Rankin,_Texas -
Ratamosa, Texas
Ratamosa is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 218 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ratamosa is located at 26°12′24″N 97°50′59″W / 26.20667°N 97.84972°W / 26.20667; -97.84972 (26.206570, -97.849640).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 218 people, 71 households, and 56 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 108.5 people per square mile (41.9/km²). There were 115 housing units at an average density of 57.2/sq mi (22.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.19% White, 1.83% Native American, 16.51% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 73.39% of the population.
There were 71 households out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.46.
wn.com/Ratamosa,_Texas -
Raymondville, Texas
Raymondville is a city in and the county seat of Willacy County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,733 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Raymondville was formed in 1904 by Edward Burleson Raymond, a foreman of the El Sauz Ranch portion of the King Ranch and owner of the Las Majadas Ranch.
Raymondville is located at 26°28′53″N 97°46′59″W / 26.48139°N 97.78306°W / 26.48139; -97.78306 (26.481464, -97.783013) and is known as the "Gateway to the Rio Grande Valley." According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.8 km²), all of it land.
Soils are mostly clay or sandy clay loams which are well drained or moderately well drained. Some fine sandy loams underlie the eastern part of town. These have near neutral pH. Other parts of town have moderately alkaline, somewhat saline soils. Around the southern edge of town is an area of strong salinity which imposes limitations on farmers and gardeners.
wn.com/Raymondville,_Texas -
Refugio, Texas
Refugio (i/rəˈfjʊəri.oʊ/ re-FURY-oh, not *[reˈfuxi.o]) is a town in Refugio County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,941 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Refugio County.
Refugio is located at 28°18′21″N 97°16′29″W / 28.30583°N 97.27472°W / 28.30583; -97.27472 (28.305812, -97.274594). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.0 km²). 1.6 square miles (4.0 km²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,941 people, 1,128 households, and 788 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,880.7 people per square mile (727.9/km²). There were 1,312 housing units at an average density of 839.0 per square mile (324.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 74.53% White, 13.40% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 9.38% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44.30% of the population.
wn.com/Refugio,_Texas -
Reynosa, Tamaulipas
Reynosa is a border city in the northern part of Tamaulipas, Mexico. It is located on the southern bank of the Rio Grande, directly across the border from Hidalgo, Texas in the United States. As of 2010, the city of Reynosa had a population of 607,532. If its floating population is included in the census count, however, the population can reach up to approximately 1,000,000. Reynosa is the largest and most populous city in the state of Tamaulipas, followed by Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, Tampico, and Ciudad Victoria. In addition, the Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area counts with a population of roughly 1,700,000 habitants, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Mexico-US border. Reynosa is the 30th largest city in Mexico and anchors the largest metropolitan area in Tamaulipas.
Reynosa is the fastest growing city in the state of Tamaulipas, and lies among the top five fastest growing cities in Mexico.
Reynosa was founded on 14 March 1749 with 297 inhabitants by Carlos Cantú under the command of José de Escandón y Helguera the Count of Sierra Gorda. But due to flooding in the area on the 4 July 1802, they decided to move five miles to the east keeping the same margin between them and the Rio Grande. It was not until 1926 that the state government recognized Reynosa as a city.
wn.com/Reynosa,_Tamaulipas -
Richardson, Texas
Richardson is a city in Dallas and Collin counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 99,223. In 2011 the population was estimated to be 107,684. Richardson is an affluent inner suburb of Dallas and home of the Telecom Corridor with a high concentration of telecommunications companies. More than 5,000 businesses have operations within Richardson's 28 square miles (73 km2), including many of the world's largest telecommunications/networking companies: AT&T, Ericsson, Verizon, Cisco Systems, Samsung, MetroPCS, Texas Instruments, TriQuint Semiconductor, and Fujitsu.
In 2006, Richardson was ranked as the 15th best place to live in the United States by Money magazine. This ranked Richardson the 3rd best place to live in Texas. In 2007, the Morgan Quitno 14th Annual America's Safest and Most Dangerous Cities Awards pronounced Richardson the 69th safest city in America. In the same study Richardson ranked the 5th safest city in Texas. In 2008, Richardson was ranked as the 18th best place to live in the United States by Money magazine. This ranked Richardson the 4th best place to live in Texas. In 2009, Business Week's annual report on the "Best Places to Raise Kids," ranked Richardson 2nd in Texas. Richardson was the first North Texas city recognized as a best workplace for commuters by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Department of Transportation in 2004. As of 2010 the city has continued to be recognized every year since 2004. In 2011 the Texas Recreation and Park Society awarded Richardson with the Texas Gold Medal for excellence in the field of recreation and park management.
wn.com/Richardson,_Texas -
Richmond, Texas
The city of Richmond is the seat of Fort Bend County in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the city population was 11,081. Richmond city boundaries are joined on one hand with Sugar Land and with the city of Rosenberg on the other hand.
Even though it is the county seat, thus containing most of the local government offices, it actually is one of the smaller cities in the area. Adjacent Sugar Land is the largest city in the county.
In 1822, a group of Austin's colonists went up the Brazos River, stopping near present day Richmond where they built a fort called Fort Bend. Named after Richmond, England, the town was among the 19 cities first incorporated by the short-lived Republic of Texas, in 1837. Early residents of the city include many prominent figures in Texas lore such as Jane Long, Deaf Smith, and Mirabeau Lamar, who are all buried in Richmond. On August 16, 1889, the town was the site of the Battle of Richmond, an armed fight culminating the Jaybird-Woodpecker War, a violent feud over post-Reconstruction political control of Fort Bend County. The Mayor since 1949 has been Hilmar Moore.[citation needed]
wn.com/Richmond,_Texas -
Rio Hondo, Texas
Rio Hondo is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,942 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Rio Hondo is a town located at 26°14′4″N 97°34′53″W / 26.23444°N 97.58139°W / 26.23444; -97.58139 (26.234451, -97.581364).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), of which, 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (6.08%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,942 people, 588 households, and 476 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,394.3 people per square mile (539.4/km²). There were 787 housing units at an average density of 565.1 per square mile (218.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.19% White, 0.05% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 20.49% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 82.75% of the population.
wn.com/Rio_Hondo,_Texas -
Robert Lee, Texas
Robert Lee is a city in and the county seat of Coke County, Texas, United States. The founders named the city after Robert E. Lee, who is thought to have set up camp for a time near the current townsite on the Colorado River. Lee served in Texas from 1856 to 1861 as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army Second Cavalry, during which time he distinguished himself as a scout and engineer. The population was 1,049 at the 2010 census.
The town of Robert Lee is located on the Colorado River. Just upstream from the town is E.V. Spence Reservoir, managed by the Colorado River Municipal Water District. From the mid-1960s until approximately 1996, the reservoir's population of striped bass attracted sportsmen from across the southwestern U.S., providing significant income to the town. In the late 1990s, however, water use policies changed and the reservoir water levels were continually lowered until the striped bass population could no longer be sustained.
In addition to a once-great fishery, the area around Robert Lee supports a significant population of white-tailed deer, which can be a nuisance to local ranchers and farmers, but attracts large numbers of hunters during the annual hunting seasons. A very diverse set of wildlife occurs in the area, both native and migratory. Several species of birds, reptiles, and mammals make this part of Texas their home on either a temporary or permanent basis.
wn.com/Robert_Lee,_Texas -
Roby, Texas
Roby is a city in and the county seat of Fisher County, Texas, United States. The population was 643 at the 2010 census.
In 1885, shortly after Fisher County was organized, a dispute arose between business partners from Mississippi and a town called Fisher. Both wanted their land to host the courthouse. The partners were M.L. and D.C. Roby, and the town of Fisher is now called North Roby.
In 1886, construction was begun on the new courthouse and a school and post office opened. The community had thirteen houses by that summer. In 1890 the population was estimated to be 300 people and the town had a hotel, two general stores, Baptist and Methodist churches, a restaurant and a weekly newspaper, the Fisher County Call.
Roby had no jail until 1892, when one was constructed out of stone. A new jail was built in 1926 out of brick, and is still in use as of 2010. It has had three different courthouses during its existence, unlike many Texas county seats which have preserved and restored original courthouses. The most recent courthouse was built in 1972, and is strikingly modern in comparison to those found in many Texas counties.
wn.com/Roby,_Texas -
Rockport, Texas
Rockport is a city in Aransas County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,385 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Aransas County. The coastal community has approximately 8000 citizens. Large windswept live oaks are a dominating feature of the area and the state's oldest live oak, "Big Tree", resides on nearby Lamar Peninsula. The towns of Rockport and Fulton intermingle and many refer to the combined communities as "Rockport-Fulton." The community has a Maritime Museum, The Fulton Mansion State Historic Site, art galleries and shops.
Rockport is a popular tourist destination for its fishing,and ski basin. The city's beach offers a wide variety of ways to have fun including a playground and beach pavilion. The city hosts several fairs and expositions each year including the Oyster fest, Seafair, and a Wine Festival. There are also historic sites such as the Fulton Mansion and a Heritage district in downtown Rockport that offers a friendly and fun shopping environment. Key Allegro Marina is also a popular attraction, especially during The Rockport Offshore Challenge or The R.O.C.
wn.com/Rockport,_Texas -
Rocksprings, Texas
Rocksprings is a town in Edwards County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 1,285. It is the county seat of Edwards County. The town received its name from natural springs that bubble forth from the porous limestone rocks in the area.
J. R. Sweeten sited Rocksprings in 1891 because of the springs nearby. Also in 1891, the town acquired a post office and was made county seat. The original courthouse built in the town burned in 1897. By 1914 Rocksprings had a population of around 500.
On April 12, 1927, the town was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town. The tornado killed 72 townspeople and injured 205, almost 1/3 of the population at the time.
Rocksprings is located at 30°0′58″N 100°12′32″W / 30.01611°N 100.20889°W / 30.01611; -100.20889 (30.016161, -100.209023). Rocksprings sits on top of the Edwards Plateau. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all of it land.
wn.com/Rocksprings,_Texas -
Rockwall, Texas
Rockwall is a city in Rockwall County, Texas, United States, and a suburb of Dallas and part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. It is the county seat of Rockwall County. As the second wealthiest county in the state of Texas in terms of median income, the majority of its residents enjoy a relatively high standard of living. The population was 37,490 at the 2010 census. The name Rockwall is derived from a naturally jointed geological formation, which has the appearance of an artificial wall.
The area of Rockwall was originally occupied by Caddo Indians. Creek Indians moved to the area in early 19th century. The origin of Rockwall also is related to the selection of its name. In 1851, as the first Anglo-American settlers moved to the area, they started to dig wells. During the digging, they found large underground rock walls that were initially believed to be manmade. Later study of the wall-like features by geologists and archaeologists found them to be jointed, natural sandstone dikes that had intruded Cretaceous marl. The town was established April 17, 1854 and named after these natural rock walls. While originally part of Kaufman County, in 1873, Rockwall County was formed with Rockwall being the county seat. The current mayor is David Sweet.
wn.com/Rockwall,_Texas -
Round Rock, Texas
Round Rock is a city in Travis and Williamson counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is part of the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area. The 2010 census places the population at 99,887.
The city straddles both sides of the Balcones Escarpment, a fault line in which the areas roughly east of IH-35 are flat and characterized by having black, fertile soils of the Blackland Prairie, and the west side of the Escarpment which consists mostly of hilly, karst-like terrain with little topsoil and higher elevations and which is part of the Texas Hill Country. Located about 20 miles (32 km) north of downtown Austin, Round Rock shares a common border with Austin at SH 45.
In August 2008, Money magazine named Round Rock as the seventh-best American small city in which to live. Round Rock was the only Texas city to make the Top 10. In a CNN article dated July 1, 2009, Round Rock was listed as the second-fastest growing city in the country, with a population growth of 8.2% in the preceding year.
wn.com/Round_Rock,_Texas -
Rusk, Texas
Rusk is a city in Cherokee County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,085 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Cherokee County.
Rusk is located at 31°47′54″N 95°09′00″W / 31.798254°N 95.149865°W / 31.798254; -95.149865.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), of which, 6.8 square miles (18 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.29%) is water.
Rusk is about 90 miles (140 km) north of Huntsville.
Rusk has been home to three former governors, James Stephen Hogg, Thomas M. Campbell, and John B. Kendrick (Governor of Wyoming).
The town was established by an act of the Texas legislature on April 11, 1846. It was named after Thomas Jefferson Rusk, signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence. By 1850, Rusk reportedly had 355 residents. A post office was authorized on March 8, 1847.
The City of Rusk is no longer dry; a beer and wine local option election passed on May 9, 2009.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,085 people, 1,306 households, and 867 families residing in the city. The population density was 745.4 people per square mile (287.9/km2). There were 1,539 housing units at an average density of 225.6 per square mile (87.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 62.71% White, 30.01% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 5.15% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.92% of the population.
wn.com/Rusk,_Texas -
San Angelo, Texas
San Angelo ( /sæn ˈændʒəloʊ/) is a city in the state of Texas and the . county seat of Tom Green County in West Central Texas. As of 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total population of 93,200. The San Angelo metropolitan area had a population of 111,823.
San Angelo is home to Angelo State University, historic Fort Concho, and Goodfellow Air Force Base.
Some common nicknames of San Angelo include Angelo, the River City, the Concho City, the Pearl of the Conchos, and the Oasis of West Texas.
Prior to the coming of Europeans, San Angelo was the center of the Jumano people. The area had been inhabited for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples. In 1632, a short-lived mission of Franciscans under Spanish auspices was founded in the area to serve the Indians.
The current city of San Angelo was founded by European Americans in 1867, when the United States constructed Fort Concho as one of a series of new forts designed to protect the frontier from hostile threats. The fort was home to cavalry, infantry, and the famous Black Cavalry, otherwise known as Buffalo Soldiers by Native Americans.
wn.com/San_Angelo,_Texas -
San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
wn.com/San_Antonio -
San Augustine, Texas
San Augustine is a city in San Augustine County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,475 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Augustine County and is situated in East Texas.
San Augustine is located at 31°31′52″N 94°06′39″W / 31.531086°N 94.110971°W / 31.531086; -94.110971 (31.531086, -94.110971).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.7 square miles (12 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (2.08%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,475 people, 859 households, and 573 families residing in the city. The population density was 525.2 people per square mile (202.9/km2). There were 1,076 housing units at an average density of 228.3/sq mi (88.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 37.82% White, 57.94% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 3.07% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.13% of the population.
wn.com/San_Augustine,_Texas -
San Benito, Texas
San Benito is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 24,250 at the 2010 census. It is the birthplace of Country and Tex-Mex music icon Freddy Fender. San Benito celebrated the 100th anniversary of the naming of the city April 3, 2007. The post office was named Diaz from April to May 1907. The San Benito Museum, Freddy Fender Museum and Conjunto Music Museum opened in the same building Nov. 17, 2007.
San Benito may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
San Benito is located at 26°8′12″N 97°38′9″W / 26.13667°N 97.63583°W / 26.13667; -97.63583 (26.136603, -97.635878).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29 km2), of which, 11.0 square miles (28 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (1.87%) is water. San Benito is also known as "The Resaca City", due to its resaca (a former tributary of the Rio Grande, which has been cut off for irrigation purposes).
wn.com/San_Benito,_Texas -
San Deigo
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
wn.com/San_Deigo -
San Diego, Texas
San Diego is a city in Duval and Jim Wells counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 4,488 at the 2010 census. It is located primarily in Duval County, of which it is the county seat.
San Diego is located at 27°45′45″N 98°14′20″W / 27.762559°N 98.238771°W / 27.762559; -98.238771 (27.762559, -98.238771).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,753 people, 1,548 households, and 1,187 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,917.1 people per square mile (1,125.9/km2). There were 1,793 housing units at an average density of 1,100.4 per square mile (424.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.06% White, 0.27% African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.02% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 17.72% from other races, and 3.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 96.87% of the population.
There were 1,548 households out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 24.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.52.
wn.com/San_Diego,_Texas -
San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsan ˈlwis potoˈsi]), officially Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 58 municipalities and its capital city is San Luis Potosí.
It is located in North-Central Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Coahuila to the north, Nuevo León to the northeast, Tamaulipas and Veracruz to the east, Hidalgo, Querétaro, and Guanajuato to the south, Zacatecas to the northwest, and Jalisco to the west.
In addition to the capital city, the state's largest cities include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, and Rioverde.
The state and its capital are both named after Louis IX of France (also known in Mexico as San Luis Rey de Francia, Saint Louis, King of France), its patron saint. The Potosí was added in reference to the fabulously rich mines of Potosí, Bolivia, believed to have enough gold to build a bridge between Bolivia and Spain. Thereafter, upon the development of Cerro de San Pedro near the capital city, they found such gold wealth that they compared it to that of Potosi and thus they named it as such. The wealth of these mines is thought to be comparable to that of the local mines at Cerro de San Pedro.
wn.com/San_Luis_Potosí -
San Marcos, Texas
San Marcos is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, and is the seat of Hays County. Located within the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area, the city is located on the Interstate 35 corridor—between Austin and San Antonio.
Founded on the banks of the San Marcos River, the area is considered to be among the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the Northern Hemisphere. San Marcos is home to Texas State University–San Marcos, and the Aquarena Center. The population was 50,371 in 2008. San Marcos was listed in the 2010 Business Week's fourth annual survey of the "Best Places to Raise your Kids."
Archeologists have found evidence at the San Marcos River associated with the Clovis culture, which suggests that the river has been the site of human habitation for more than 10,000 years. The headwaters of the cool, clear river are the San Marcos Springs, fed by the Edwards Aquifer. The San Marcos Springs are the thirty largest collection of springs in Texas. Never in recorded history has the river run dry.
wn.com/San_Marcos,_Texas -
San Pedro, Texas
San Pedro is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 668 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
San Pedro is located at 25°58′46″N 97°35′56″W / 25.97944°N 97.59889°W / 25.97944; -97.59889 (25.979523, -97.598789).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 668 people, 179 households, and 148 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 269.9 people per square mile (104.0/km²). There were 191 housing units at an average density of 77.2/sq mi (29.7/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 59.58% White, 0.15% African American, 40.27% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 96.56% of the population.
There were 179 households out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.8% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.73 and the average family size was 4.09.
wn.com/San_Pedro,_Texas -
San Saba, Texas
San Saba is a town located in Central Texas. It was settled in 1854 and named for its location on the San Saba River. The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Saba County. The town is known as the birthplace of actor Tommy Lee Jones and Marion King Hubbert.
San Saba county was the last county in Texas to have its roads paved.
San Saba is located at 31°11′43″N 98°43′30″W / 31.19528°N 98.725°W / 31.19528; -98.725 (31.195298, -98.725003).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, 2,637 people, 1,008 households, and 680 families resided in the town. The population density was 1,468.6 people per square mile (565.6/km²). There were 1,177 housing units at an average density of 655.5 per square mile (252.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 78.54% White, 0.64% African American, 1.74% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 17.33% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.51% of the population.
wn.com/San_Saba,_Texas -
Sanderson, Texas
Sanderson is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Terrell County, Texas, United States. The population was 837 at the 2010 census. Sanderson was created in 1882 as a part of neighboring Pecos County. It became the seat of Terrell County in 1905.
Sanderson is located at 30°8′28″N 102°23′45″W / 30.14111°N 102.39583°W / 30.14111; -102.39583 (30.141024, -102.395924).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.2 square miles (10.9 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 861 people, 356 households, and 237 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 205.7 people per square mile (79.3/km²). There were 635 housing units at an average density of 151.7/sq mi (58.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.88% White, 2.09% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 9.18% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.45% of the population.
There were 356 households out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.08.
wn.com/Sanderson,_Texas -
Santa Maria, Texas
Santa Maria is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 846 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Santa Maria is located at 26°4′41″N 97°50′53″W / 26.07806°N 97.84806°W / 26.07806; -97.84806 (26.077955, -97.847926).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 846 people, 220 households, and 198 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,622.2 people per square mile (1,420.2/km²). There were 241 housing units at an average density of 1,031.8/sq mi (404.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 55.67% White, 0.24% Native American, 43.85% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 99.76% of the population.
There were 220 households out of which 49.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.6% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.0% were non-families. 8.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.85 and the average family size was 4.11.
wn.com/Santa_Maria,_Texas -
Santa Rosa, Texas
Santa Rosa is a town in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,833 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Santa Rosa is located at 26°15′24″N 97°49′36″W / 26.25667°N 97.82667°W / 26.25667; -97.82667 (26.256651, -97.826673).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,833 people, 744 households, and 647 families residing in the town. The population density was 4,814.8 people per square mile (1,853.9/km²). There were 816 housing units at an average density of 1,386.8 per square mile (534.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 65.58% White, 0.56% African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 29.97% from other races, and 2.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 95.66% of the population.
There were 744 households out of which 54.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were married couples living together, 20.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.0% were non-families. 11.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.81 and the average family size was 4.17.
wn.com/Santa_Rosa,_Texas -
Sarita, Texas
Sarita is an census designated place in, and the county seat of Kenedy County, Texas, United States. It is the only settlement of note in the county, and as of the 2010 US Census had a population of 238.
Sarita was created in 1904 as the headquarters of the Kenedy Ranch, and was named by its founder, John G. Kenedy, after his daughter. The town grew to about 300 residents by 1916, when a major hurricane swept through the area and many settlers moved away (in 1999, the largest Texas hurricane in 20 years, Bret, came ashore near Sarita but did little damage). Although the town was made county seat when Kenedy County was created in 1921, it has not grown appreciably since then.
Today, Sarita is home to a Catholic church, a school, several homes, a post office, and the Lebh Shomea House of Prayer, all centered around the headquarters of the Kenedy Ranch, but no businesses are active other than the ranch. The 1921 Kenedy County Courthouse is a two-story white Beaux-Arts structure on a large green and the most prominent building in town; many county employees actually live in Kleberg County just to the north, as there is limited housing available in Sarita or Kenedy County. Across the street sits the whitewashed, two-story headquarters of the Kenedy Pasture Company, which owns most of the land in the county and employs many of Sarita's citizens. The building also houses the Kenedy Ranch Museum.
wn.com/Sarita,_Texas -
Seguin, Texas
Seguin ( /səˈɡiːn/) is a city in Guadalupe County, Texas, in the United States. It is part of the San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 22,011; the July 1, 2009 Census estimate, however, showed the population had increased to 26,842. It is the county seat of Guadalupe County.
Seguin was a region once inhabited by the native hunter-gatherer Indians of Texas. Tonkawas had predominantly lived in Seguin, camping around the Guadalupe River and other streams in the area . Eventually Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo settlements were founded in the location that would become Seguin. One of the earliest settlers and an important figure of Texas history, Jose Antonio Navarro established a ranch near Seguin. In 1831, land was granted to Umphries Branch by the Mexican government and settled by the Branch and John Newton Sowell Sr. families in 1833, in the western part of Green DeWitt's colony. Sowell was a farmer, and in 1833 he and his brothers became the first American immigrants to raise corn in future Guadalupe County.
wn.com/Seguin,_Texas -
Seminole, Texas
Seminole is a city in and the county seat of Gaines County in west Texas, United States. The population was 6,430 at the 2010 census. It is the birthplace of Country music singers Larry Gatlin and Tanya Tucker.
Seminole is located at 32°43′7″N 102°39′00″W / 32.71861°N 102.65°W / 32.71861; -102.65.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,910 people, 2,082 households, and 1,590 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,762.3 inhabitants per square mile (681.2/km²) . There were 2,337 housing units at an average density of 696.9 per square mile (269.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 80.64% White, 1.98% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 13.52% from other races, and 2.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.59% of the population.
There were 2,082 households out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.28.
wn.com/Seminole,_Texas -
Seymour, Texas
Seymour is a city in and the county seat of Baylor County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,740 as of the 2010 Census.
Seymour is located at 33°35′30″N 99°15′39″W / 33.59167°N 99.26083°W / 33.59167; -99.26083 (33.591552, −99.260968).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,740 people, a decrease of 5.78% since 2000 (168 people). The racial makeup of the town was 91.28% White (2,501 people), 13.61% Hispanic or Latino of any race (373 people), 2.45% African American (67 people), 0.22% Native American (6 people), 0.11% Asian (3 people), 0.11% Pacific Islander (3 people), 4.11% from other races (104 people), and 3.80% from two or more races (56 people).
There were 1,451 housing units, 249 of which were vacant.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,908 people, 1,273 households, and 790 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,067.5 people per square mile (412.8/km²). There were 1,534 housing units at an average density of 563.1 per square mile (217.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.24% White (2,595 people), 10.45% Hispanic or Latino of any race (304 people), 4.57% African American (133 people), 0.48% Native American (14 people), 0.72% Asian (21 people), 0.10% Pacific Islander (3 people), 3.44% from other races (100 people), and 1.44% from two or more races (42 people).
wn.com/Seymour,_Texas -
Sherman, Texas
Sherman is a city in and the county seat of Grayson County, Texas, United States. The city's population as of 2010 was 38,521. It is also one of two principal cities in the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The City of Sherman was named after General Sidney Sherman (July 23, 1805 – August 1, 1873), a hero of the Texas Revolution. The community was designated as the county seat by the act of the Texas legislature which created Grayson County on March 17, 1846. In 1847, a post office began operation. Sherman was originally located at the center of the county, but in 1848 it was moved about three miles (5 km) east to its current location. By 1850, Sherman had become an incorporated town under Texas law. It had also become a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail route through Texas. By 1852, Sherman had a population of 300. It consisted of a public square with a log court house, and several businesses, a district clerk's office, and a church along the east side of the square.
During the 1850s and 1860s, Sherman continued to develop and it participated in the regional politics. The first flour mill was built in 1861. In 1862 the publisher of Sherman's anti-secessionist Whig newspaper, the Patriot, was murdered. During and after the Civil War, north Texas outlaw bands led by Jesse James and William Quantrill were seen in Sherman. Years later, James spent at least part of his honeymoon in Sherman, where he was photographed on horseback.
wn.com/Sherman,_Texas -
Sierra Blanca, Texas
Sierra Blanca is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Hudspeth County, Texas, United States. The population was 533 at the 2000 census, and had decreased to 510 according to a July 2007 estimate.
The town, founded in 1881 at the completion point of a long-sought southern transcontinental railway, was named for nearby Sierra Blanca Mountain, which was named for the white poppies which grew on it (sierra blanca is Spanish for white mountain).
Sierra Blanca is located at 31°10′55″N 105°20′27″W / 31.18194°N 105.34083°W / 31.18194; -105.34083 (31.182009, -105.340843).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.1 square miles (11 km2), of which 4.1 square miles (11 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (0.73%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 533 people, 184 households, and 126 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 131.0 people per square mile (50.6/km²). There were 227 housing units at an average density of 55.8 per square mile (21.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.99% White, 3.19% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 5.07% from other races, and 3.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 72.61% of the population.
wn.com/Sierra_Blanca,_Texas -
Silverton, Texas
Silverton is a city in Briscoe County, Texas, United States. The population was 771 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Briscoe County.
Silverton is located at 34°28′17″N 101°18′17″W / 34.47139°N 101.30472°W / 34.47139; -101.30472 (34.471256, -101.304749).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 771 people, 303 households, and 217 families residing in the city. The population density was 766.4 people per square mile (294.7/km²). There were 362 housing units at an average density of 359.8/sq mi (138.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.51% White, 0.52% African American, 0.78% Native American, 15.69% from other races, and 3.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.15% of the population.
There were 303 households out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09.
wn.com/Silverton,_Texas -
Sinton, Texas
Sinton is a city in San Patricio County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,676 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Patricio County. It is named in honor of David Sinton.
Sinton is located at 28°2′5″N 97°30′32″W / 28.03472°N 97.50889°W / 28.03472; -97.50889 (28.034824, -97.508942).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,676 people, 1,845 households, and 1,409 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,582.0 people per square mile (996.1/km²). There were 2,026 housing units at an average density of 921.6 per square mile (355.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.47% White, 3.63% African American, 0.93% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 18.48% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.04% of the population.
There were 1,845 households out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.35.
wn.com/Sinton,_Texas -
Snyder, Texas
Snyder is a city in and the county seat of Scurry County, Texas, United States. The population was 10,653 at the 2010 census. It is located on Deep Creek, a minor tributary of the Colorado River of Texas. Snyder is approximately 150 km (93 miles) southeast of Lubbock.
Located in Snyder is the Scurry County Coliseum, a large meeting hall which hosts area events. Now known only as "The Coliseum," the structure has since 2008 been operated by Western Texas College. Outside the Coliseum is a locomotive engine and a small restored historic village.
On the courthouse grounds downtown is a veterans' monument and the sculpture of a rare albino buffalo.
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,783 people, 4,980 households, and 2,880 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,256.8 people per square mile (485.2/km²). There were 5,013 housing units at an average density of 584.3 per square mile (225.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.00% White, 4.69% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 13.68% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.8% of the population.
wn.com/Snyder,_Texas -
Solis, Texas
Solis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 545 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Solis is located at 26°10′06″N 97°50′46″W / 26.168246°N 97.846081°W / 26.168246; -97.846081.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 545 people, 163 households, and 127 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 259.3 people per square mile (100.2/km2). There were 208 housing units at an average density of 99.0/sq mi (38.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.92% White, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 16.15% from other races, and 2.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 72.66% of the population.
There were 163 households out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34 and the average family size was 3.90.
wn.com/Solis,_Texas -
Sonora, Texas
Sonora is the county seat of Sutton County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,924 at the 2000 census.
Sonora is located at 30°34′5″N 100°38′39″W / 30.56806°N 100.64417°W / 30.56806; -100.64417 (30.568166, -100.644163).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.1 km²), all of it land.
The area lies in the western portions of the Texas Hill Country, a region of limestone outcrops and rolling terrain dotted with areas of live oaks (Quercus fusiformis) and Juniper (Juniperus ashei) in the form of a woodland or savanna, alternating with a blend of various grasses and other shrubs and cacti.
Sonora's climate is sub-humid, subtropical, though periods of long drought are not uncommon due to the proximity of deserts and steppes nearby, to the west. The upland location allows some of the periodic Gulf of Mexico moisture to interact with frontal systems and elevated terrain to create more clouds and precipitation than locations in the brush country to the south, or the steppes and deserts to the west and northwest. Thunderstorms with heavy rainfall are most frequent during spring and fall months, though some lighter, steady precipitation and low clouds can occur during the winter, due in large part to frontal systems originating on the plains and prairies to the north.
wn.com/Sonora,_Texas -
South Padre Island
South Padre Island is a barrier island in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located in Cameron County and is a popular vacation destination because the resort city South Padre Island is located on the island.
Before European expansion in North America, the island was inhabited by native tribes.[citation needed] Western settlement is considered to have been started by Padre Jose Nicolas Balli, who set up a cattle ranch early in the 19th century. He and his family were driven out by the Mexican–American War, and were unable to return because of the American Civil War.
Most of the island was closed by the National Park Service until 1962, after which settlement was allowed and incomers began to establish an economy on the island and neighboring Port Isabel. By 1978 the island had a population of around 314 and a decade later it had a population of 1,012 and 111 businesses. Being mainly coastline, the island's main source of income is tourism, with tens of thousands of college students flocking to the island every Spring Break. In winter the island hosts "winter Texas": people (often retirees) from colder states who overwinter in the warm Texas climate.
wn.com/South_Padre_Island -
South Point, Texas
South Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,118 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
South Point is located at 25°52′12″N 97°23′00″W / 25.870009°N 97.383255°W / 25.870009; -97.383255Coordinates: 25°52′12″N 97°23′00″W / 25.870009°N 97.383255°W / 25.870009; -97.383255 (25.870009, -97.383255).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.5 km²), of which, 1.3 square miles (3.3 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (3.73%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,118 people, 257 households, and 242 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 870.1 people per square mile (337.2/km²). There were 291 housing units at an average density of 226.5/sq mi (87.8/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.69% White, 0.09% African American, 3.13% from other races, and 0.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 99.28% of the population.
wn.com/South_Point,_Texas -
Spearman, Texas
Spearman is a city in Hansford County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,368. It is the county seat of Hansford County, and is known for its collection of windmills from the J.B. Buchanan windmill collection. The city was named for Thomas E. Spearman, a vice president of the North Texas and Santa Fe Railway.
Spearman is located at 36°11′40″N 101°11′39″W / 36.19444°N 101.19417°W / 36.19444; -101.19417 (36.194450, -101.194048).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
Spearman was platted in May 1917 in anticipation of construction of the North Texas and Santa Fe Railway. A post office opened that year. By that time E. C. Hays had a store near the site, which was named for Thomas E. Spearman, a vice president of the line. World War I delayed completion of the railroad from Shattuck, Oklahoma, until October 1919, but Spearman already was thriving; several churches and businesses had moved in from Hansford. Spearman remained the terminus of the railroad until 1931, when the line was extended to Morse and points south. The town was incorporated in 1921 and had thirty businesses, a brick school building, and a population of 1,000 by 1926. Visit http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hgs13 for more information.
wn.com/Spearman,_Texas -
Stanton, Texas
Stanton is a city in and the county seat of Martin County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,556 at the 2000 census.
Stanton is located at 32°7′51″N 101°47′31″W / 32.13083°N 101.79194°W / 32.13083; -101.79194 (32.130740, -101.792072).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2), of which, 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of it is land and 0.56% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,556 people, 854 households, and 651 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,458.1 people per square mile (563.9/km²). There were 1,002 housing units at an average density of 571.6 per square mile (221.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.98% White, 2.86% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 19.56% from other races, and 2.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.90% of the population.
There were 854 households out of which 44.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.44.
wn.com/Stanton,_Texas -
Stephenville, Texas
Stephenville is a city in and the county seat of Erath County, Texas, United States. The population was 17,123 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1856, it is home to Tarleton State University. Stephenville is among several communities that calls itself the "Cowboy Capital of the World".
Stephenville is named after John M. Stephen, who settled there in 1854 and donated the land for the townsite laid out by George B. Erath when the county was organized in 1856. In the first two years of its settlement, the townsite was successful; by 1858 the population reached 776. However the townsite was located in Comanche territory and raids were common. Also the hardships of the American Civil War forced citizens to leave. The population declined until 1871 when it grew after Stephenville became an agriculture and livestock center. Coal mining also became important to the area in 1886 and was a major source of economy for the following three decades.
Stephenville was incorporated in 1889, with the arrival of the Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway. In the 1890s, many of the buildings around the town square were built, Tarleton State University opened, and the community's two newspapers merged to become the Empire-Tribune, which is still in existence. In the 20th century industry became an important part of Stephenville, and the population has steadily increased since the 1920s.
wn.com/Stephenville,_Texas -
Sterling City, Texas
Sterling City is a city in and the county seat of Sterling County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,081 at the 2000 census, but had dropped to 982 by 2009.
On May 25, 1955, twenty-seven United States Air Force personnel, known as the Abbot 27, perished in an airplane crash near Sterling City. The airmen were members of the 40th Bomb Squadron of the 6th Bombardment Wing at Walker Air Force Base in Roswell, New Mexico. A monument in their honor was erected in 2007 at the Tom Green County Courthouse in San Angelo.
Sterling City is where most people in the county live, since becoming the county seat in 1891. W.S. Sterling, Indian fighter and buffalo hunter, was the namesake of the town.
Land for Sterling City was donated in January 1891 by R.C. Stewart, and was platted by H.B. Tarver in February. Before the year end, the town had its own newspaper, a hotel, a post office and several other businesses. Next year, a school was built and Sterling City had 300 citizens in another four.
Sterling City began its reign as home to a portion of the Santa Fe Railroad in 1910, but the service was eventually abandoned. The depot is still available for visitors to see.
wn.com/Sterling_City,_Texas -
Stinnett, Texas
Stinnett is a small city in Hutchinson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 1,936. Located in the northern Texas Panhandle, Stinnett is the county seat of Hutchinson County.
Stinnett was established in 1901 by A.P. (Ace) Borger, better known as the founder of Borger, a larger community in the county. In 1926, Stinnett replaced Plemons, which later became a ghost town, as the Hutchinson County seat. The courthouse, built in 1927 in the Spanish Renaissance style, was financed from petroleum money. The structure, designed by the architect W.F. Townes, consists of brown brick and cut white stone.
Stinnett is located at 35°49′34″N 101°26′37″W / 35.82611°N 101.44361°W / 35.82611; -101.44361 (35.826231, -101.443617).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,936 people, 765 households, and 554 families residing in the city. The population density was 972.8 people per square mile (375.6/km²). There were 870 housing units at an average density of 437.2 per square mile (168.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.58% White, 0.26% African American, 1.29% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 3.98% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.54% of the population.
wn.com/Stinnett,_Texas -
Stratford, Texas
Stratford is a city in Sherman County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,991 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Sherman County. The city is named for Stratford, Virginia, the boyhood home of Robert Edward Lee, the Confederate commanding general.
Stratford is located at 36°20′10″N 102°4′17″W / 36.33611°N 102.07139°W / 36.33611; -102.07139 (36.336158, -102.071451).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.3 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,991 people, 722 households, and 535 families residing in the city. The population density was 980.2 people per square mile (378.7/km²). There were 794 housing units at an average density of 390.9/sq mi (151.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.02% White, 0.30% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 14.41% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.44% of the population.
There were 722 households out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.21.
wn.com/Stratford,_Texas -
Sugar Land, Texas
Sugar Land is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and Fort Bend County. Sugar Land is one of the most affluent and fastest-growing cities in Texas, having grown more than 158 percent in the last decade. In the time period of 2000–2007, Sugar Land also enjoyed a 46.24% job growth.[citation needed] As of the 2010 census, its population was 78,817. In 2011, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the city's population was 84,511, with a median family income of $113,261 and a median home price of $369,600.
Founded as a sugar plantation in the early mid-20th century and incorporated in 1959, Sugar Land is the largest city and economic center of Fort Bend County. The city is the third-largest in population and second-largest in economic activities of the Houston area.
Sugar Land is home to the headquarters of Imperial Sugar and the company's main sugar refinery and distribution center was once located in this city. Recognizing this heritage, the Imperial Sugar crown logo can be seen in the city seal and logo.
wn.com/Sugar_Land,_Texas -
Sweetwater, Texas
Sweetwater is the county seat of Nolan County, Texas, United States. The population was 11,415 at the 2000 census.
Sweetwater received a U.S. post office in 1879. The Texas and Pacific Railway started service in 1881, with the first train arriving on March 12 of that year, beginning Sweetwater's long history as a railroad town. To encourage the railroads, Sweetwater increased its water supply by building a small town lake in 1898, and three larger lakes thereafter. Construction began on the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway in 1903. Sweetwater became a railroad town, with businesses and homes built along the rail line. Rail passenger service was discontinued in 1969.
Gulf Refinery operated there from 1929 to 1954, and at one time the town was a large telegraph center. The International Harvester Company operated a factory in Sweetwater from 1920 to 1950. Gypsum plants, apparel manufacturers, cement plants, cotton compresses, a cottonseed oil mill, and packing companies were among the nearly 250 businesses operating there from the 1970s. Many still operate today. Sweetwater remains a production hub for cotton, oil, and cattle. The population of Sweetwater has remained steady between 11,000 and 13,000 since 1940.
wn.com/Sweetwater,_Texas -
Tahoka, Texas
Tahoka is a city in and the county seat of Lynn County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,910 at the 2000 census.
Tahoka is located at 33°9′57″N 101°47′58″W / 33.16583°N 101.79944°W / 33.16583; -101.79944 (33.165804, -101.799315).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), of which, 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2) of it is land and 0.42% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,910 people, 1,063 households, and 783 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,213.9 people per square mile (468.1/km²). There were 1,194 housing units at an average density of 498.1 per square mile (192.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.71% White, 5.46% African American, 1.37% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 16.36% from other races, and 1.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44.78% of the population.
There were 1,063 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.22.
wn.com/Tahoka,_Texas -
Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas (Spanish pronunciation: [tamauˈlipas]) officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas (English: Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas) is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria. The capital city was named after Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico.
It is located in Northeastern Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the southeast, San Luis Potosí to the southwest and Nuevo León to the west. To the north, it has a 370 km (142.9 mi) stretch of the U.S.-Mexico border along the state of Texas.
The name Tamaulipas is derived from Tamaholipa, a Huastec term in which the tam- prefix signifies "place where." As yet, there is no scholarly agreement on the meaning of holipa, but "high hills" is a common interpretation. Another explanation of the state name is Ta ma ho'lipam – “place, where the Lipan prey”.
In addition to the capital city, Ciudad Victoria, the state's largest cities include Reynosa, Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, and Tampico.
wn.com/Tamaulipas -
Temple, Texas
Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. Located near the county seat of Belton, Temple lies in the region referred to as Central Texas. Located off Interstate 35, Temple is 65 miles north of Austin and 34 miles south of Waco. In the 2010 Census, Temple's population was 66,102, an increase of more than 20 percent from the 2000 census. It is a "principal city" in the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Called the "Wildflower Capital of Texas," Temple was founded in 1881 as a railroad town. It was named in honor of Bernard Moore Temple, a civil engineer and former surveyor with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway Company who established the town. For many years it was the home of the Santa Fe Railway Company's hospital for its employees. Temple is known for its strength as a regional medical center (this is primarily due to the highly respected Scott & White Memorial Hospital). Scott & White is the largest employer in town with about ten thousand employees. With Scott & White, the Veterans' Hospital Center, and other smaller clinics, Temple is home to more physicians per capita than any other community in the nation. Temple is the site of one of two major campuses for the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine. Medical students can elect to spend the full four years of medical education training or just two years of their clinical training on campus.
wn.com/Temple,_Texas -
Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. It effectively functions as one half of a city which crosses a state line — the other half, the city of Texarkana, Arkansas, lies on the other side of State Line Avenue. The population of the city is 34,782 at the 2000 census.
The city, along with its Arkansas counterpart, forms the core of the Texarkana, Texas–Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas and Miller County, Arkansas.
Texarkana is the headquarters of the theologically conservative American Baptist Association, whose Missionary Baptist churches are most numerous in Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Mississippi.
Railroads were quick to see the possibilities of this vast new territory and, in the late 1850's, the builders of the Cairo and Fulton Railroad were pushing their railhead steadily across Arkansas. By 1874, they had crossed Red River and were at the Texas state line. Between February 16 and March 19, 1874, trains ran between the Texas state boundary and Red River, where passengers and freight were ferried across to Fulton, to continue by rail to their destinations. The Red River Bridge was opened on March 20, 1874, and from that date, trains have run directly from Texarkana to St. Louis.
wn.com/Texarkana,_Texas -
Texas
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
wn.com/Texas -
Texas Coastal Bend
The Texas Coastal Bend refers to the flat area of land along the Texas coast. It is home to many cities including Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Kingsville, Port Lavaca, Galveston, Victoria, Beaumont, and Houston. The Coastal Bend includes the barrier islands of Texas and the Laguna Madre. According to the United States 2000 Census the Texas Coastal Bend had a population of 6,332,801.
The Texas Coastal Bend enjoys a rural, urban, and suburban mix of mainly Bi-Cultural, Hispanic and Anglo traditions. African American and Asian/Pacific Islander population and their cultural traditions are well represented throughout this region as well.
Among the universal features which connects the populations of this region, are the ever present summer threats of severe hurricane winds and flooding affecting these predominantly flat lands areas. As such, the people of these low topography counties threaded by the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, are subject to regular evacuations and keep a keen sense hurricane awareness.
wn.com/Texas_Coastal_Bend -
Texas Panhandle
The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east. The Handbook of Texas defines the southern border of Swisher County to be the southern boundary of the Texas Panhandle region, though some consider the region to extend as far south as Lubbock County., The Texas Panhandle Press Association accepts members in the actual panhandle and a triangle formed by its southern tier, the southeastern border of New Mexico and a diagonal to the beginning, which includes Lubbock County.
Its land area is 66,883.58 km² (25,823.9 sq mi), or nearly 10 percent of the state's total. There is an additional 162.53 km² (62.75 sq mi) of water area. Its population as of the 2010 census was 427,927 residents, or 1.7 percent of the state's total population. As of the 2010 census, this would put the average population density for the region at 16.6 persons/sq mi. The Panhandle is distinct from North Texas, which is more to the southeast.
wn.com/Texas_Panhandle -
Texas State Senate
The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing 31 single-member districts across the state with populations of approximately 672,000 per constituency. Texas Senate elections are held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November on the same date as gubernatorial elections and do not coincide with the presidential elections. There are no term limits, and each term is four years long. The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The Republicans currently control the chamber, which is made up of 19 Republicans and 12 Democrats.
The Lieutenant Governor of Texas serves as the President of the Senate. The lieutenant governor's duties include presiding over the Senate, appointing chairs of committees, committee members, assigning and referring bills to specific committees, recognizing members during debate, and making procedural rulings. The lieutenant governor may also cast a vote should a Senate floor vote end in a tie. If the Senate votes to dissolve itself into the Committee of the Whole, in which all members are part of the committee, the President Pro-Tempore resides over the proceedings, with the Lieutenant Governor acting as a regular voting member. Due to the various powers of committee selection and bill assignment, the lieutenant governor is arguably considered more powerful than the Governor of Texas[citation needed], and is considered one of the most powerful lieutenant governorships in the United States.
wn.com/Texas_State_Senate -
Throckmorton, Texas
Throckmorton is a town in Throckmorton County, Texas, United States. The population was 828 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Throckmorton County.
Throckmorton is located at 33°10′53″N 99°10′41″W / 33.18139°N 99.17806°W / 33.18139; -99.17806 (33.181399, -99.178173).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2010, there were 828 people, a decrease of 8.51% since 2000 (77 people). There were 477 housing units, with 116 of them vacant. The racial makeup of the town was 93.50% White (774 people), 0.12% African American (1 person), 0.97% Native American (8 people), 0.48% Asian (4 people), 4.11% from other races (34 people), and 0.85% from two or more races (7 people). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.27% of the population (85 people).
As of the census of 2000, there were 905 people, 386 households, and 265 families residing in the town. The population density was 539.4 people per square mile (208.0/km²). There were 477 housing units at an average density of 284.3 per square mile (109.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.50% White (819 people), 0.11% African American (1 person), 0.11% Native American (1 person), 7.29% from other races (66 people), and 1.99% from two or more races (18 people). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.04% of the population (109 people).
wn.com/Throckmorton,_Texas -
Tierra Bonita, Texas
Tierra Bonita is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 160 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Tierra Bonita is located at 26°16′2″N 97°49′23″W / 26.26722°N 97.82306°W / 26.26722; -97.82306 (26.267226, -97.823184).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 160 people, 40 households, and 34 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 155.2 people per square mile (60.0/km²). There were 41 housing units at an average density of 39.8/sq mi (15.4/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 78.12% White, 0.62% Native American, 18.75% from other races, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 95.00% of the population.
There were 40 households out of which 52.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.0% were non-families. 15.0% of all households were made up of individuals and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.00 and the average family size was 4.50.
wn.com/Tierra_Bonita,_Texas -
Tilden, Texas
Tilden is an unincorporated community in and the county seat of McMullen County, Texas, United States.
Tilden lies at the intersection of State Highways 16 and 72 in the north central part of the county. It is located roughly an hour south of San Antonio.
Located in Tilden is a Boot Hill cemetery. Boot Hill Cemetery, one of the only two authentic cemeteries of its kind in the southwest, was named Boothill because so many of those who were interred there died violently, "with their boots on." Many of the early graves were those of people killed in accidents, murdered, died of cholera during the cholera epidemic in 1869, but some were known to have died of natural causes. The cemetery was established sometime after then known Frio Rio came into existence in 1858. The cemetery is located behind the bank 1/2 a block north of the courthouse plaza on highway 72 and 1/2 block east of State Highway 16 (right across from the new Sheriff's office). In 1877 Boot Hill Cemetery was abandoned in favor of the present Hill Top Cemetery. Boot Hill Cemetery was neglected for more than half a century. During this time the old timers died, the markers deteriorated, fell down, became lost and more and more of the Boothill lore and history went with them. In 1955 when the Cenizo Garden Club was organized they began at once to clean up and restore the cemetery. They cleaned the plots, cleared out the brush, and located as many graves as possible. The grounds were enclosed by a low border of native stone and the Boothill Cemetery Sign with a large boot made of masonry mounted on a huge slab of a petrified palm stump was added to the cemetery grounds. They were also instrumental in obtaining a Historical Marker, which stands at the entrance of the cemetery.
wn.com/Tilden,_Texas -
Tulia, Texas
Tulia is a city in, and county seat of, Swisher County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,117 at the 2000 census; in the 2005 census estimate, it had fallen to 4,714. The city is at the junction of U.S. Route 87 and Texas State Highway 86, approximately two miles east Interstate 27. Tulia is a center for farming and agribusiness activities.
Its site was originally on the acreage of the Tule Ranch division of the JA Ranch. In 1887 a post office was established in James A. Parrish's dugout on Middle Tule Draw nine miles west of what is now the site of Tulia. Evidently the name Tule, after the nearby creek, had been selected for this post office, but at some point a clerk's error changed the name to Tulia. By 1900 Tulia was prospering as a stopping point for freight-wagon traffic en route to the railheads of Colorado City and Amarillo. A booming new era began with the extension of the Santa Fe line to Tulia in December 1906. With it came more settlers. In the mid-1980s local industrial plants manufactured products such as clothing and farm implements, and there were four large cattle-feeding enterprises nearby.
wn.com/Tulia,_Texas -
Tyler, Texas
Tyler is a city in and the county seat of Smith County, Texas, in the United States. It takes its name from President John Tyler [1]. The city had a population of 96,900 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau. Tyler is the principal city of the Tyler Metropolitan Statistical Area, with a population of 209,714 in 2010, and the regional center of the Tyler-Jacksonville combined statistical area, with a population of 260,559 in 2010.
Tyler has the nickname "Rose Capital of the Nation"[2]. It gained this name due to the large quantity of rose bushes processed through the area, along with hosting America's largest rose garden [3].
In 1985, the international Adopt-a-Highway movement originated in Tyler when, after appeals by local Texas Department of Transportation officials, the local Civitan chapter adopted a 2-mile (3-km) stretch of U.S. Highway 69. Tyler is also home to the Caldwell Zoo and Broadway Square Mall.
Tyler is located at 32°20′03″N 95°18′00″W / 32.334249°N 95.299927°W / 32.334249; -95.299927 Elevation: 544 feet (166 m). Tyler is surrounded by many smaller cities including Whitehouse, Lindale, New Chapel Hill, Bullard, Edom, Brownsboro, and Chandler.
wn.com/Tyler,_Texas -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
Uvalde, Texas
Uvalde is a city in and the county seat of Uvalde County, Texas, United States. The population was 15,751 at the 2010 census.
Uvalde was founded by Reading Wood Black in 1853 as the town of Encina. In 1856, when the county was organized, the town was renamed Uvalde for Spanish governor Juan de Ugalde and was chosen as county seat. It is usually considered the southern limit of the Texas Hill Country or the most northerly part of South Texas. The town has the only known bottler of cactus juice.
Uvalde was the home of John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner, former Speaker of the House and Vice President of the United States. Actor Matthew McConaughey, actress Dale Evans, former Governor of Texas Dolph Briscoe (for whom the post office is named), were born in Uvalde. The city is also home to the Grammy Award-winning Tejano/Norteño group Los Palominos.
Uvalde is located at 29°12′52″N 99°47′23″W / 29.21444°N 99.78972°W / 29.21444; -99.78972 (29.214313, -99.789644).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.6 square miles (19.8 km2), all of it land.
wn.com/Uvalde,_Texas -
Van Horn, Texas
Van Horn is a town in and the county seat of Culberson County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,435 at the 2000 census.
Van Horn is located at 31°2′33″N 104°49′59″W / 31.0425°N 104.83306°W / 31.0425; -104.83306 (31.042489, -104.832928).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), all land.
Eagle Field and Threemile Mountain
Threemile Mountain, note "V" for Van Horn.
Anglo-Texan settlement began in the late 1850s and early 1860s supportive of the San Antonio-El Paso Overland Mail route. Although U.S. Army Major Jefferson Van Horne is believed to have passed near the area in 1849 on his way to take command of what would later become Fort Bliss, the town is instead named for Lt. James Judson Van Horn who commanded an army garrison at the Van Horn Wells beginning in 1859. Lt. Van Horn's command was relatively short-lived as the post was seized by Confederate forces in 1861 and Lt. Van Horn taken prisoner. Settlement was further stimulated by the construction of the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881.
wn.com/Van_Horn,_Texas -
Vega, Texas
Vega is a city in Oldham County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Oldham County . The population was 936 at the 2000 census. A July 1, 2009, U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 896.
In 2005, Vega was the setting for the CMT reality show, Popularity Contest.
It is located west of Amarillo on historic U.S. Route 66.
Vega is located at 35°14′44″N 102°25′30″W / 35.24556°N 102.425°W / 35.24556; -102.425 (35.245547, -102.425112). It is situated at the junction of Interstate 40 (Old Route 66) and U.S. Highway 385 in southern Oldham County, approximately 30 miles west of Amarillo.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2), all of it land.
wn.com/Vega,_Texas -
Vernon, Texas
Vernon is a city in Wilbarger County, Texas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 11,660; it was 11,077 in the 2005 census estimate. Vernon is the county seat of Wilbarger County.
Vernon is the birthplace of rock and roll singer/musician Roy Orbison and jazz trombonist Jack Teagarden. It is the hometown of fiddle player Eck Robertson. Lawyer Kenneth Starr (special prosecutor of U.S. President Bill Clinton) was born in 1946 in the Lockett community, six miles southwest of Vernon.
Some seven million head of cattle passed through Vernon on the Great Western Trail between 1873 and the 1890s. The trail was located some ninety miles west and parallel to the better-known Chisholm Trail.
On April 10, 1979, Vernon and surrounding Wilbarger County were hit by an F4 tornado. The storm, part of the 1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak, damaged or destroyed a large part of the city and killed 11 people as it passed through Foard County and Wilbarger County before finally dissipating in rural Tillman County, Oklahoma. That same day, tornadoes also devastated the larger, nearby cities of Wichita Falls, Texas and Lawton, Oklahoma.
wn.com/Vernon,_Texas -
Victoria, Texas
Victoria is a city in and the seat of Victoria County, Texas, United States. The population was 60,603 at the 2000 census. The three counties of the Victoria Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 111,163 at the 2000 census,
Victoria is located thirty miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. The city is a regional hub for a seven-county area known as the "Golden Crescent" and serves a retail trade area of over 250,000 people. Victoria is known as "The Crossroads" because of its location within a two-hour drive of Corpus Christi, Houston, San Antonio and Austin.
Victoria is named for General Guadalupe Victoria, who became the first president of independent Mexico. The city is home to the University of Houston–Victoria and Victoria College. Victoria is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria in Texas.
René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, established Fort Saint Louis as a French colony, from 1685 until 1689. It was built on Matagorda Bay near Garcitas Creek, in Victoria, Texas.
wn.com/Victoria,_Texas -
Villa del Sol, Texas
Villa del Sol is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 132 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Villa del Sol is located at 26°11′29″N 97°34′36″W / 26.19139°N 97.57667°W / 26.19139; -97.57667 (26.191502, -97.576620).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 132 people, 35 households, and 31 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 715.4 people per square mile (283.1/km²). There were 41 housing units at an average density of 222.2/sq mi (87.9/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 31.82% White, 2.27% Asian, 64.39% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 91.67% of the population.
There were 35 households out of which 60.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.4% were non-families. 8.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.77 and the average family size was 4.06.
wn.com/Villa_del_Sol,_Texas -
Villa Pancho, Texas
Villa Pancho is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 386 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Villa Pancho is located at 25°53′02″N 97°24′47″W / 25.883956°N 97.413182°W / 25.883956; -97.413182.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), all of it land.
At the 2000 census, there were 386 people, 96 households and 86 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,277.3 per square mile (496.8/km2). There were 107 housing units at an average density of 354.1/sq mi (137.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.93% White, 0.26% Pacific Islander, 1.81% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 95.08% of the population.
There were 96 households of which 67.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 20.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9.4% were non-families. 7.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.02 and the average family size was 4.18.
wn.com/Villa_Pancho,_Texas -
Waco, Texas
Waco (/ˈweɪkoʊ/) is a city in and the county seat of McLennan County, Texas. It is situated along the Brazos River and on the I-35 corridor, halfway between Dallas and Austin. The city had a 2010 population of 124,805, an increase of almost 10 percent since the 2000 census. The Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of just McLennan County, which had a 2010 population of 234,906.
Prior to the founding of Waco in 1849, a Wichita Native American group known as the "Waco" (Spanish: Hueco or Huaco) lived on the land of present-day downtown Waco. In 1824 Thomas M. Duke explored the area and reported to Stephen F. Austin describing the village: "This town is situated on the West Bank of the River. They have a spring almost as cold as ice itself. All we want is some Brandy and Sugar to have Ice Toddy. They have about 400 acres (1.6 km2) planted in corn, beans, pumpkins, and melons and that tended in good order. I think they cannot raise more than One Hundred Warriors." After Austin aborted the first attempt to destroy their village in 1825, he made a treaty with them. The Waco eventually moved out of the region, settling north near present-day Fort Worth. In 1872 they joined other Wichita tribes on a reservation in Oklahoma. In 1902 the Waco received allotments of land and became official US citizens.
wn.com/Waco,_Texas -
Waxahachie, Texas
Waxahachie /ˌwɒksəˈhætʃi/ is a city in Ellis County, Texas, United States, and a southern suburb of Dallas. The population was 29,621 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Ellis County.
Waxahachie was the birthplace of Tom Blasingame, considered the oldest cowboy in the history of the American West, R&B singer Tevin Campbell, Bill Ham (manager for ZZ Top), Byron Nelson, a professional golf legend and Academy Award winning director Robert Benton, who made his 1984 film " Places in the Heart" in his hometown. It was said that Edward (Chief Wahoo) McDaniel was from Waxahachie, but he was born in Bernice, Oklahoma.
In 1988 the area around Waxahachie was chosen as the site for the Superconducting Super Collider, which was to be the world's largest and most energetic particle accelerator, with a planned ring circumference of 87.1 kilometers (54.1 mi). Seventeen shafts were sunk and 23.5 km (14.6 mi) of tunnel were bored before the project was cancelled by Congress in 1993.
The town is also the namesake of the former United States Naval ship USS Waxahachie (YTB-814).
wn.com/Waxahachie,_Texas -
Weatherford, Texas
Weatherford is a city in Parker County, Texas, United States, and a western suburb of Fort Worth. The population was 25,250 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Parker County and is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.
Weatherford is located 25 miles (40 km) west of Fort Worth on Interstate 20. It is the county seat for Parker County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.7 square miles (59 km2), of which, 20.9 square miles (54 km2) of it is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of it (7.86%) is water.
The 2008 census for the population of the City of Weatherford, Texas is 26,686 with a population density of 1,175.59 people per square mile. The population grew by 40.5% from 2000 to 2008. The racial makeup of the city in 2008 is 85.50% White, 10.20% Hispanic, 2.10% Black, 1.30% American Indian, 0.70% Asian, 4.10% other. Weatherford's average household size is 2.5.
The average income per household was $50,924, in the year 2007. The estimated 2007 city capita was $26,380.
wn.com/Weatherford,_Texas -
Wellington, Texas
Wellington is a city in Collingsworth County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,275 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Collingsworth County.
Wellington is located at 34°51′17″N 100°12′49″W / 34.85472°N 100.21361°W / 34.85472; -100.21361 (34.854616, -100.213626).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2), all of it land.
Sometime in 1889 or 1890, as smaller ranches and farmlands were being purchased, Ernest Theodore O’Neil, his brother-in-law John Simon McConnell and John W. Swearingen, together, had purchased the land which upon which the town currently sits for $5.00 per acre. Subsequently, O’Neil, who originally owned a fourth of the section of the township, purchased the interests of John McConnell and John Swearingen, and retained sole ownership of the land. The 1890 census showed 357 inhabitants across the county, with 89 ranches and farms and 335 acres (1.36 km2) of land in cultivation. In August, 1890, a petition was circulated to organize the county, choose a county seat, and elect county officers. Two potential townships were proposed: Wellington and Pearl. The proposed town of Wellington was located on the land owned by Ernest T. O’Neil who was promoting this location, and had been given its proposed name by his wife, Matilda Anna Elisabeth “Lizzie” O’Neil, who greatly admired the Duke of Wellington, hero of the Battle of Waterloo. The alternate and proposed town of Pearl was located several miles north of Wellington.
wn.com/Wellington,_Texas -
Wharton, Texas
Wharton is a city in Wharton County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,237 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wharton County and is located on the Colorado River of Texas just south of U.S. Highway 59.
Wharton is located at 29°19′1″N 96°5′49″W / 29.31694°N 96.09694°W / 29.31694; -96.09694 (29.316939, -96.097065).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.2 square miles (18.8 km²), of which, 7.2 square miles (18.7 km²) of it is land and 0.14% is water.
The Colorado River as it flows through Wharton
Riverfront Park in Wharton
Downtown Wharton across from the Wharton County Courthouse
Restored Plaza Theater in Wharton
Wharton County Historical Museum contains exhibits on Dan Rather and Medal of Honor winner Roy Benavidez as well as a collection of stuffed big-game animals.
Tiger exhibit at Wharton County Historical Museum
Administration building at Wharton County Junior College
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,237 people, 3,539 households, and 2,268 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,278.3 people per square mile (493.3/km²). There were 4,000 housing units at an average density of 553.6 per square mile (213.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.33% White, 26.43% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 14.18% from other races, and 1.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.08% of the population.
wn.com/Wharton,_Texas -
Wheeler, Texas
Wheeler is a city in Wheeler County, Texas, United States, situated on the eastern edge of the Texas Panhandle. Both the city and the county are named for Royal Tyler Wheeler, a chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court. The population was 1,378 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wheeler County.
Wheeler is located at 35°26′33″N 100°16′27″W / 35.4425°N 100.27417°W / 35.4425; -100.27417 (35.442424, -100.274068). The city is three miles northwest of the center of the county and is 100 miles east of Amarillo and 12 miles west of the Texas-Oklahoma line.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Wheeler has a total area of 1.5 square miles (4.0 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,378 people, 520 households, and 365 families residing in the city. The population density was 900.4 people per square mile (347.7/km²). There were 612 housing units at an average density of 399.9 per square mile (154.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.05% White, 1.81% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 10.60% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.07% of the population.
wn.com/Wheeler,_Texas -
Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. Wichita Falls is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay and Wichita counties. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 104,553. In addition to Sheppard Air Force Base, Wichita Falls is also home to the "world's littlest skyscraper".
The Choctaw Indians settled the area in the early 18th century. White settlers arrived in the 1860s to form cattle ranches. The city of Wichita Falls was officially born on September 27, 1872. On that day, a sale of town lots was held at what is now the corner of Seventh and Ohio streets — the birthplace of the city. The Fort Worth and Denver Railway arrived in 1882, the same year the city became the county seat of Wichita County, Texas. The city grew westwards from the train depot. This area is now referred to as the Depot Square Historic District, which has been declared a Texas Historic Landmark.
wn.com/Wichita_Falls,_Texas -
Woodville, Texas
Woodville is a town in Tyler County, Texas, United States. The town is intersected by three U.S. highways: U.S. Highway 69, U.S. Highway 190, and U.S. Highway 287. The population was 2,415 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Tyler County. The town was named after George Tyler Wood, governor of Texas from 1847-1849.
Woodville is located at 30°46′34″N 94°25′16″W / 30.776246°N 94.421243°W / 30.776246; -94.421243 (30.776246, -94.421243).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,415 people, 990 households, and 591 families residing in the town. The population density was 766.2 people per square mile (296.0/km2). There were 1,264 housing units at an average density of 401.0 per square mile (154.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 65.34% White, 31.80% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.75% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.45% of the population.
wn.com/Woodville,_Texas -
Yznaga, Texas
Yznaga is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 103 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Yznaga is located at 26°18′45″N 97°49′4″W / 26.3125°N 97.81778°W / 26.3125; -97.81778 (26.312616, -97.817895).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.4 square miles (14 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 103 people, 34 households, and 28 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 19.0 people per square mile (7.3/km²). There were 42 housing units at an average density of 7.7/sq mi (3.0/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 71.84% White, 28.16% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 85.44% of the population.
There were 34 households out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.39.
wn.com/Yznaga,_Texas -
Zapata, Texas
Zapata is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Zapata County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,089 at the 2010 census. As an unincorporated community, Zapata has no municipal government but like all 254 Texas counties has four elected county commissioners chosen by single-member districts and a countywide elected administrative judge.
Zapata was named for Colonel Jose Antonio de Zapata, the revolutionary commander who served in the cavalry of the Republic of the Rio Grande, of which the town was a part.
Zapata is located at 26°54′22″N 99°16′12″W / 26.90611°N 99.27°W / 26.90611; -99.27 (26.906244, -99.270007).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.7 square miles (20.0 km²), all of it land.
The city is about 1/2 miles southwest Falcon International Reservoir which is at the center of multiple, fishing events throughout the year
The city also served by a number of parks, most notably, Romeo Flores Park.
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,089 people, 4,328 households, and 1,265 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 629.9 people per square mile (243.2/km²). There were 2,239 housing units at an average density of 290.4 per square mile (112.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.38% White, 0.02% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 6.82% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 94.99% of the population.
wn.com/Zapata,_Texas
-
Americo Paredes
Americo Paredes (September 3, 1915 - May 5, 1999) was a Mexican-American author born in Brownsville, Texas who authored several texts focusing on the border life that existed between the United States and Mexico, particularly around the Rio Grande region of South Texas. His family on his father’s side, however, had been in the Americas since 1580. His ancestors were sefarditas, or Spanish Jews who had been converted to Christianity, and in 1749 - along with Escandon - they settled in the lower Rio Grande. The year of Paredes’ birth was the year of the last Texas Mexican Uprising, which was to portend the life Paredes was to lead. Throughout his long career as a journalist, folklorist and professor, Paredes was to bring focus to his Mexican American heritage, and the beauty of those traditions.
Growing up in Brownsville, Texas, Paredes was to experience the double life of American and Mexican culture. Paredes was both a lover of Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan books, and Mexican poetry—his father in fact composed décimas (a ten line poem with set rhyme scheme). This love of poetry was to hold Paredes in good stead when, at the age of 18, he won a poetry contest sponsored by Trinity College. This award was to gain him the attention of the high school principal, Mr. Irvine, who in turn, expedited his entrance into junior college in 1934. The same year Paredes entered college, an event that would mark his life occurred, the assassination of Cesar Augusto Sandino, about whom, five years later, Paredes would write “A Cesar Augusto Sandino.”
wn.com/Americo_Paredes -
Annise Parker
Annise Danette Parker (born May 17, 1956) is an American politician and the mayor of Houston since January 2, 2010. She served as an at-large member of the Houston City Council from 1998 to 2003 and city controller from 2004 to 2009.
Parker is Houston's second female mayor, and one of the first openly gay mayors of a major U.S. city.
Parker was born in Houston and raised in the community of Spring Branch, where she attended public schools. Her mother was a bookkeeper, and her father worked for the Red Cross. In 1971, when Parker was 15, her family moved to a U.S. Army base in Mannheim, Germany for two years. In Germany, she volunteered as a candy striper in the Red Cross youth service organization and worked at the base library.
Parker began attending Rice University on a National Merit scholarship in 1974, working several jobs to pay for her room and board. A member of Jones College, she graduated in 1978 with a bachelor's degree in anthropology, psychology and sociology.
Prior to serving as an elected official, Parker worked in the oil and gas industry as a software analyst for over 20 years, including 18 years at Mosbacher Energy. In addition, she co-owned Inklings Bookshop with business partner Pokey Anderson from the late 1980s until 1997 and served as president of the Neartown Civic Association from 1995 to 1997. In 1986, she was president of the Houston GLBT Political Caucus.
wn.com/Annise_Parker -
Carrollton, Texas
Carrollton is a city in Denton County, Dallas County and Collin County in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 119,097 (69,743 in Denton, 49,352 in Dallas and 2 in Collin). Carrollton is a suburb of Dallas and in 2006 was named to America's "Top 100 Places to Live" by Relocate America. Also in 2006, Carrollton was selected as the 19th best place to live in the United States by Money magazine.[2] In 2008 it was named by Money magazine the 15th best place to live among small cities.
The area was first settled by Jared Ford in 1842 by William and Mary Larner on a site within the Peters Colony grant. In 1844, the A. W. Perry family claimed land in the area around Trinity Mills, where, in partnership with Wade H. Witt, a mill was established.
The English colony, a group of families in the northeastern area of settlement which crossed into Denton County, was home to large landowners including the Furneaux, Jackson, Morgan, and Rowe families. It is most likely that Carrollton was named for Carrollton, Illinois, the original home of many of these settlers.
wn.com/Carrollton,_Texas -
Charles Stillman
Charles Stillman (November 4, 1810 – December 18, 1875) was born in Wethersfield, Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, to Capt. Francis Stillman and Harriet (Robbins) Stillman. He arrived in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, in 1828 and established himself as an entrepreneur. He was involved in cotton brokerage and real estate in addition to silver mines in Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. He is most notable for founding Brownsville, Texas, and for being part of a successful river boat company on the Rio Grande River. He married Elizabeth Pamela Goodrich of Wethersfield, Hartford County, Connecticut on August 17, 1849 in Wethersfield, Connecticut. Elizabeth Pamela Goodrich was the daughter of Deacon Joshua Goodrich and Clarissa (Francis) Goodrich. Charles Stillman was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in New York, New York.
Before the Mexican-American War the United States Government was looking to build a permanent Fort along the Rio Grande River. Charles Stillman having a deed to the land offered to lease it to the Government to build a Fort on. This land was part of the Espiritu Santo Land Grant but due to a complication involving the owners not listing the land with the Mexican or Texas Government a land dispute ensued which reached the Supreme Court.
wn.com/Charles_Stillman -
Eddie Lucio, Jr.
Eduardo Andres “Eddie” Lucio, Jr. (born 20 January 1946) is a Democratic member of the Texas Senate representing the 27th District since 1991.
Lucio is the father of Eddie Lucio, III who currently serves in the Texas House of Representatives.
In the Texas Senate, Senator Lucio is a member of the powerful Senate Finance Committee and serves as Chairman of the International Relations and Trade Committee. He also sits on the Committees on Business and Commerce, State Affairs and Government Organization.
During the 80th Legislative Session, Senator Lucio made tremendous inroads in the field of health care and education. Not only is he known as Father of the Regional Academic Health Center (RAHC), he passed a bill during the 81st Legislative Session that creates the University of Texas Health Science Center - South Texas to serve Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Willacy, Brooks, Jim Hogg, Kenedy, Kleberg, and Zapata counties, and providing South Texans a full-fledged medical school.
His other accomplishments also include forming the partnership between the University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College allowing UTB to become a four year university and have access to the Permanent University Fund. Additionally, he authored the bill to create South Texas Community College.
wn.com/Eddie_Lucio,_Jr. -
Efren Saldivar
Efren Saldivar (born September 30, 1969) is an American serial killer who murdered patients while working as a respiratory therapist.
Born in Brownsville, Texas, he graduated from the College of Medical and Dental Careers in North Hollywood, California in 1988. He obtained work as a respiratory therapist employed by the Glendale Adventist Medical Center, working the night shift when there were fewer staff on duty.
He killed his patients by injecting a paralytic drug which led to respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. These drugs could have included Morphine and Suxamethonium chloride as they were found in his locker with fresh and used syringes.Pancuronium (brand name Pavulon) definitely was used in six murders; this drug is used to stop a patient's respiration when they are about to be put on a medical ventilator. He was careful in the selection of his victims, choosing those who were unconscious and close to death. This led to no easily detectable rise in the rate or distribution of patient deaths when he was on duty. This in turn hampered the investigation, as there were no easily discernable correlations between changes in the distribution or rate of deaths and his shift pattern (a commonly used tool in examining whether malpractice is taking place).
wn.com/Efren_Saldivar -
Federico Peña
Federico Fabian Peña (born March 15, 1947) is a former United States Secretary of Transportation from 1993 to 1997 and United States Secretary of Energy from 1997 to 1998, during the presidency of Bill Clinton.
Born in Laredo, Texas, Peña earned a B.A. (1969) and a J.D. (1972) from the University of Texas at Austin and The University of Texas School of Law, respectively. Moving to Colorado, where he became a practicing attorney, Peña was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1979, where he rose to become Minority Leader. In 1983, Peña defeated a 14-year incumbent, William H. McNichols, Jr. to become the first Hispanic Mayor of Denver, a post to which he was re-elected in 1987.
wn.com/Federico_Peña -
Frederick Steele
Frederick Steele (January 14, 1819 – January 19, 1868) was a career military officer in the United States Army, serving as a major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was most noted for his successful campaign to retake much of secessionist Arkansas for the Union cause.
Steele was born in Delhi, New York. He was an 1843 graduate of West Point, and later served in the Mexican-American War, where he participated in many engagements. Steele was meritoriously mentioned for distinguished bravery, and was promoted to first lieutenant in June 1848. He served in California during the Yuma War until 1853, and then principally in Minnesota Territory, Kansas Territory, and Nebraska Territory until the Civil War, receiving his captain's commission on February 5, 1855.
On May 14, 1861, Steele was appointed major in the 11th U.S. Infantry and fought at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. On September 23, 1861, he became colonel of the 8th Iowa Infantry. On January 30, 1862, Steele was appointed brigadier general of U.S. volunteers, to rank from January 29, 1862. He commanded the District of Southeast Missouri, but following the Union victory at the Battle of Pea Ridge he took command of the 1st Division in the Army of the Southwest and briefly commanded the army from August 29 to October 7, 1862. On March 17, 1863, President Lincoln appointed Steele major general of volunteers, to rank from November 29, 1862. The President sent the nomination to the U.S. Senate on March 6, 1863 and the Senate confirmed it on March 13, 1863.
wn.com/Frederick_Steele -
James Carlos Blake
James Carlos Blake (born May 26, 1947) is an American writer of novels, novellas, short stories, and essays. His work has received extensive critical favor and several notable awards. He has been called “one of the greatest chroniclers of the mythical American outlaw life” as well as “one of the most original writers in America today and … certainly one of the bravest.” He is a member of the Texas Institute of Letters.
Blake has written about his boyhood in a memoir essay entitled “The Outsider” and has discussed his life and work in a profile in Texas Monthly and in a wide-ranging interview in Firsts. He was born in Tampico, Mexico, a third-generation Mexican descended from American, English, and Irish ancestors—including a British pirate who was executed in Veracruz, Mexico—and is a naturalized American citizen. His father, Carlos Sebastian Blake Hernandez, was a civil engineer. His mother, Estrella Maria Lozano Cano, was the daughter of a horse rancher and grew up on the family's ranch near Matamoros. Blake received his elementary education at St. Joseph’s Academy in Brownsville, Texas, and graduated from high school in Miami, Florida. After service in the U. S. Army airborne, he earned BA and MA degrees from the University of South Florida (Tampa) and an MFA degree from Bowling Green State University (Ohio), where he attended on a fellowship. He has worked as a snake-catcher, Volkswagen mechanic, swimming pool maintenance man, and county jail properties officer, but his primary occupation has been as a college instructor. He has taught at the University of South Florida, Bowling Green State University, Edison State College (Florida), the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia), and Miami Dade College. In 1997 he left teaching to write full-time. He was married and divorced three times before he was forty and has since remained single.
wn.com/James_Carlos_Blake -
Joe Adame
Joseph Anthony Adame (born October 20, 1945) is the current mayor of Corpus Christi, Texas.
He was born to Gumercinda and Cayatanio Adame in Spohn Hospital in Corpus Christi TX.
He graduated from Corpus Christi Academy in 1963, then attended Del Mar College in 1964. In 1969, he graduated from Sam Houston State with a Bachelor of Business Administration.
In 1970 he became a licensed Texas real estate broker, and now runs Joe Adame & Associates, a commercial real estate brokerage.
He has served as a past member on the Texas Real Estate Advisory Board at Texas A&M University – College Station, then chairman from 1997–2006.
wn.com/Joe_Adame -
John Cook (El Paso)
John Cook (born February 27, 1946; Brooklyn, New York) is an American teacher, businessman, veteran, civic leader, and member of the Paso Del Norte Group. Cook has been Mayor of El Paso, Texas since defeating incumbent Joe Wardy in June 2005, and was reelected in 2009 to a second four-year term. Due to the City Charter's term limits clause Cook will not be eligible for a third term in 2013.
Cook graduated from New York City's Immaculata High School in 1964. He attended the University of Texas at El Paso and earned a degree in business in 1977. In 1970, Cook married his wife Tram Cook, with whom he has six children, nine grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
Mayor Cook has lived for most of his life in Northeast El Paso, where his family has owned and operated several businesses. He served in the United States Army from 1967 to 1970, seeing service as a special agent in military intelligence. He served as the City Council Representative of the 4th District of El Paso from 1999 to June 2005 prior to being elected Mayor. He has been deeply involved in El Paso's community affairs, as a businessman, a teacher, coach, founder and member of the board of many civic and veterans' organizations.
wn.com/John_Cook_(El_Paso) -
John Salmon Ford
John Salmon Ford (May 26, 1815 – November 3, 1897), better known as "Rip" Ford, was a member of the Republic of Texas Congress and later of the State Senate, and mayor of Brownsville, Texas. He was also a Texas Ranger, a Confederate colonel, and a journalist. Ford commanded men during the Antelope Hills Expedition and he later commanded the Confederate forces in the last engagement of the American Civil War, the Battle of Palmito Ranch on May 12 and 13 of 1865. It was a Confederate victory, but as it occurred more than a month after Robert E. Lee's surrender it had no effect on the outcome of the war.
Ford was born in Greenville District, South Carolina, but grew up in Lincoln County, Tennessee. His parents were William and Harriet Ford. When he was 16 he moved to Shelbyville, Tennessee to study medicine. There he met his future wife, Mary Davis. However, the marriage ended in divorce and Ford decided to move to Texas, then fighting for its independence from Mexico.
Ford arrived in Texas in June 1836, too late to participate in the Texas Revolution. He served in the Texas army until 1838, when he opened a medical practice in the east Texas town of San Augustine. Ford practiced medicine until 1844, when he won election to the Texas legislature, advocating annexation by the United States. The following year he moved to Austin, where he purchased the Texas National Register, renaming it the Texas Democrat.
wn.com/John_Salmon_Ford -
Juan Cortina
Juan Nepomuceno Cortina Goseacochea (May 16, 1824–October 30, 1894), also known by his nicknames Cheno Cortina and the Red Robber of the Rio Grande, was a Mexican rancher, politician, military leader, outlaw and folk hero. He is famous for leading a paramilitary Mexican force in the Cortina Wars against the United States Army, the Texas Rangers and the local militia of Brownsville, Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. According to Robert Elman, author of Badmen of the West, Cortina was the first "socially motivated border bandit," similar to Catarino Garza and Pancho Villa of later generations. His followers were known as the "Cortinistas."
Juan Cortina was born in Camargo, Tamaulipas, the son of Estéfana Goseacochea and Trinidad Cortina, a wealthy cattle-ranching family. When he was 3, his family moved to the Rio Grande Valley, as his mother had inherited vast extensions of land in the area surrounding Matamoros and Brownsville. In 1846, at age 22, he joined the Mexican Army under the orders of Gen. Mariano Arista, who had arrived at Matamoros in an attempt to stop the advancing forces of Gen. Zachary Taylor. Arista asked Cortina to form a force from the local Vaqueros (Mexican antecedent of Cowboys) that worked for him and the nearby ranches. This irregular cavalry regiment (called the "Tamaulipas") was placed under his command, and as the Mexican-American War began, it took part in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma.
wn.com/Juan_Cortina -
Julian Castro
Julián Castro (born September 16, 1974) is an American politician and the current Mayor of San Antonio, Texas.
Castro was born in San Antonio on September 16, 1974. He is the twin brother of Joaquín Castro, both graduates from Thomas Jefferson High School (San Antonio, TX). He graduated in 1996 from Stanford University, majoring in political science and communications. He said he began thinking about entering politics while at Stanford. He later graduated from Harvard Law School. His brother graduated from both schools with him.
Castro served on the San Antonio City Council from 2001 to 2005, representing District 7. He sought to establish himself as a leader on issues of economic development, education, and environmental protection. Castro ran for Mayor of San Antonio in 2005 and was widely viewed as the front runner in a field that also included retired judge Phil Hardberger and conservative city councilman Carroll Schubert. While Castro received a plurality of the vote in the May 2005 election, he was narrowly defeated by Hardberger in the June 2005 runoff.
wn.com/Julian_Castro -
Julian Schnabel
Julian Schnabel (born October 26, 1951) is an American artist and filmmaker. In the 1980s, Schnabel received international media attention for his "plate paintings"—large-scale paintings set on broken ceramic plates.
Schnabel directed Before Night Falls, which became Javier Bardem's breakthrough Academy Award nominated role and The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, which was nominated for four Academy Awards.
He has won a Golden Globe, as well as BAFTA, a César Award, a Golden Palm, two nominations for the Golden Lion and an Academy Award nomination.
Born in Brooklyn, New York City to Esta Greenberg and Jack Schnabel. Schnabel moved with his family to Brownsville, Texas when still young. It was in Brownsville that he spent most of his formative years and where he took up surfing and resolved to be an artist. He is from a Jewish background and his mother was president in 1948 of the Brooklyn chapter of Hadassah, a religious Women's Zionist Organization in America.
He received his B.F.A. at the University of Houston. After graduating, he sent an application to the independent study program at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. His application included slides of his work sandwiched between two pieces of bread. He was admitted into the program. Schnabel worked as a short-order cook and frequented Max's Kansas City, a restaurant-nightclub, while he worked on his art. In 1975, Schnabel had his first solo show at the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston. Over the next few years he traveled frequently to Europe, where he was enormously impressed by the work of Antoni Gaudi, Cy Twombly and Joseph Beuys.
wn.com/Julian_Schnabel -
Kristian Menchaca
Kristian Menchaca (May 29, 1983 - June 19, 2006), was a United States Army soldier from Brownsville, Texas, who was tortured, killed, and mutilated by members of al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI). He was married to Christina Menchaca of Big Spring, Texas in September 2005, before he was deployed to Iraq.
Menchaca was one of two U.S. soldiers seized by the Mujahideen Shura Council during an attack that left a third soldier SPC David J. Babineau shot to death on a roadside checkpoint on June 16, 2006, in Youssifiyah, Iraq - an area known as the Triangle of Death. Menchaca was assigned to the 1st Battalion, 502d Infantry Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, Kentucky. PFC Thomas Lowell Tucker also went missing in that same incident. Residents in the area were offered $100,000 for any information leading to the finding of the soldiers but they refused.
On June 20, 2006, military sources reported that the bodies believed to be Tucker and Menchaca were found in Youssifiyah. The corpses of two U.S. soldiers were mutilated and booby-trapped, with improvised explosive devices on the road leading to them. Senior Iraqi general Major General Abdul-Aziz Mohammed told Reuters that the men were tortured and killed in a barbaric way. Relatives of Menchaca reported they had been notified that his body had been found. Mujahedeen Shura Council, a group linked to al Qaeda said in their statement: "We announce the good news to our Islamic nation that God's will was executed and the two crusader animals we had in captivity were slaughtered"..."And God has given our Emir, Abu Hamza al-Muhajer, the good fortune of carrying out the legitimate court's command in person." Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman, when asked about the claim by the Shura Council that it was holding the soldiers, said they have no independent confirmation of that report. Another US soldier was killed and eight were wounded during the search operations.
wn.com/Kristian_Menchaca -
Lee Leffingwell
Shelly Lee Leffingwell (born October 13, 1939) is the current mayor of Austin, Texas. He was first elected as an Austin city council member in 2005, won re-election in 2008, and was elected mayor in 2009. He was reelected to a second three year term on May 12, 2012 with over 52% of the vote.
Leffingwell is a native of Austin and a retired airline pilot. He graduated from the University of Texas with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, then became an officer and pilot in the United States Navy. After spending five years on active duty, including Vietnam service, Leffingwell left active duty and joined the Navy Reserves, completing a total of 20 years military service. He was a pilot and Captain for Delta Air Lines for almost 32 years, ending his airline career as an international Boeing 767 and MD-11 Captain.
Leffingwell served for more than five years as a consensus appointee to the City of Austin's Environmental Board and was elected by his peers as Chair for the last four of those years.
wn.com/Lee_Leffingwell -
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution (Spanish: Revolución mexicana) was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz, and lasted for the better part of a decade until around 1920. Over time the Revolution changed from a revolt against the established order to a multi-sided civil war. This armed conflict is often categorized as the most important sociopolitical event in Mexico and one of the greatest upheavals of the 20th century.
After prolonged struggles, its representatives produced the Mexican Constitution of 1917. The Revolution is generally considered to have lasted until 1920, although the country continued to have sporadic, but comparatively minor, outbreaks of warfare well into the 1920s. The Cristero War of 1926 to 1929 was the most significant relapse into bloodshed.
The Revolution led to the creation of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario ("National Revolutionary Party") in 1929; it was renamed the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party) (PRI) in 1946. Under a variety of leaders, the PRI held power until the general election of 2000.
wn.com/Mexican_Revolution -
Mike Rawlings
Mike Rawlings is the Mayor of Dallas after winning the Dallas Mayoral Election defeating former Dallas Police Chief, David Kunkle. He is also the former CEO of Pizza Hut.
wn.com/Mike_Rawlings -
Phil Dyer
Phil Dyer (born July 6, 1951) is the current and 37th mayor of Plano, Texas. He was elected in 2009.
He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1973. He received his Masters of Business Administration from East Texas State University in 1981. Dyer served on several local boards and committees starting in 1984 and was in the Plano City Council from 1999 through 2005. He is also the president of LegacyTexas Bank.
wn.com/Phil_Dyer -
Raul G. Salinas
Raúl González Salinas (born November 8, 1947) is a private security consultant, a businessman, and a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation agent who was elected mayor of Laredo, Texas, on June 17, 2006. Then a self-styled "political outsider," Salinas defeated 8-year city councilman John Clifford Galo (born 1958) in a low-turnout election: 9,665 votes (52.75 percent) to 8,657 (47.25 percent). In 2012, Galo is a candidate for the Webb County commissioner's court.
Salinas is a native of Alice, the seat of Jim Wells County east of Laredo. He is a graduate of the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland.
Salinas opposes the construction of the border wall along the Rio Grande. He claims that the wall would devastate Laredo economically because Mexican laborers sustain the Laredo economy by as much as 40 percent.
Salinas's term was extended to four and one-half years so that city elections henceforth coincide with the November general election of non-presidential even years. Salinas led in the first round of voting and then defeated the outgoing 8-year city council member Gene Belmares (born 1963) by a 2-1 margin in the runoff election held on December 11, 2010. Salinas successfully used the slogan "Still, The Right Man" in his reelection campaign. Belmares carried the backing of the Laredo Morning Times but finished with only 34 percent of the vote in a low-turnout election. At times the campaign bogged down in trivia, as each candidate attempted to take credit for the installation of speed bumps in a particular neighborhood. Salinas polled 12,783 votes to Belmares' 6,575.
wn.com/Raul_G._Salinas -
Reynaldo G. Garza
Reynaldo Guerra Garza (July 7, 1915-September 14, 2004) was a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was the first Mexican-American appointed to a federal court when he was appointed to the U.S. District Court, and would later become the first Mexican-American, as well as the first Latin American, appointed to any circuit of the U. S. Court of Appeals.
Born in Brownsville, Texas, Garza received an A.A. from Brownsville Junior College in 1935 and a B.A. from the University of Texas, Austin in 1937. He earned his LL.B. from the University of Texas School of Law in 1939. He was in private practice of law in Brownsville from 1939 to 1942. He served in the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1945, after which he returned to his law practice in Brownsville, where he remained until 1961.
Garza was nominated to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas by President John F. Kennedy on March 24, 1961, to a seat vacated by James V. Allred. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 13, 1961, and received commission on April 14, 1961. He served as chief judge from 1974 to 1979, when his service on the district court was terminated on August 1, 1979, due to appointment to another judicial position.
wn.com/Reynaldo_G._Garza -
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. After completing his undergraduate work at Whittier College, he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937, and returned to California to practice law. He and his wife, Pat Nixon, moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942. He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II. Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950. His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist, and elevated him to national prominence. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election. Nixon served for eight years as vice president. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and lost a race for Governor of California in 1962. In 1968, he ran again for the presidency and was elected.
wn.com/Richard_Nixon -
Robert Cluck
Dr. Robert Cluck, M.D., (born March 20, 1939) is the current mayor of Arlington, Texas, and a former obstetrician-gynecologist. He was elected to the office of Mayor of the City of Arlington in May 2003 after serving two terms on the City Council. He represented Council District 4.
Cluck is currently the Vice President for Medical Affairs at Arlington Memorial Hospital, a position he has held since 2002. Prior to that, he was the Medical Director at Arlington Memorial Hospital and Harris Methodist Health Plan.
From 1971 to 1994, Cluck was in private practice as an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Arlington. After receiving his medical training from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dr. Robert Cluck served in the U.S. Air Force for two years, serving during the Vietnam War as a general medical officer at Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines.
He currently serves on many boards and commissions including the Arlington Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors, the Texas Municipal League Board of Directors, the University of Texas Metroplex Council, and the Workforce Solutions Workforce Governing Board.
wn.com/Robert_Cluck -
Shelbie Bruce
Shelbie Carole Bruce (born November 12, 1992) is an American teen actress fluent in both English and Spanish who had a lead role in the film Spanglish.
She was born in Brownsville, Texas, is home schooled, and trained as a child model, but later moved to California where she pursued her acting career. She has also guest-starred on shows like ER, Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, and Romeo! She got her big break when she starred in the Adam Sandler film Spanglish in which she played the bilingual daughter of a house maid who speaks only Spanish. She signed a deal with Claire's Boutique to have her own jewelry line, which launched on September 8, 2006. She was featured in an issue of Miss Quince Magazine which is about planning quinceañeras.
Shelbie is part Spanish and Mexican on her mother's side, and part Scottish and Native American on her father's side. She considers herself to be Mexican American. She is a Roman Catholic and says that the two most important things in her life are her family and Jesus Christ.
wn.com/Shelbie_Bruce -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt (
/ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the city, state, and federal levels. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. Roosevelt was 42 years old when sworn in as President of the United States in 1901, making him the youngest president ever; he beat out the youngest elected president, John F. Kennedy, by only one year. Roosevelt was also one of only three sitting presidents to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, the other two being Woodrow Wilson and Barack Obama.
wn.com/Theodore_Roosevelt -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877) following his dominant role in the second half of the Civil War. Under Grant, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and effectively ended the war with the surrender of Robert E. Lee's army at Appomattox. As president he led the Radical Republicans in their effort to eliminate all vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery; he effectively destroyed the Ku Klux Klan in 1871. His reputation was marred by his repeated defense of corrupt appointees, and by the deep economic depression (called the "Panic of 1873") that dominated his second term. Although his Republican Party split in 1872 with reformers denouncing him, Grant was easily reelected. By 1874 the opposition was gaining strength and as he left the White House in March 1877, conservative white Southerners, as federal troops were withdrawn, regained control of every state in the South and Reconstruction ended on a note of failure as the civil rights of blacks were not secure.
wn.com/Ulysses_S._Grant -
Virginia DuPuy
Virginia DuPuy was from 2005 until 2010 the mayor of Waco, Texas. She attends Central Presbyterian Church and is also the CEO of DuPuy Oxygen, a Waco-based company. She is married to Les DuPuy.
DuPuy received both her Bachelor of Arts from Baylor University in 1957 and her Master of Arts degree in 1961 from Baylor as well.
She married Leslie Carr DuPuy, Jr. in 1959.
Dupuy was reelected mayor in a landslide election in May 2008 in which she received over six times as many votes as the challenger. After re-election, DuPuy expressed her plans for the upcoming years as mayor to the Waco Tribune-Herald:
“I’m looking forward to another two years and being a part of what’s going on in Waco. I plan on seeing continued development in downtown Waco and along the Brazos River Corridor. I’m looking forward to the overall development plans from the dam back up to the mammoth site. We hope to get started on that this year.”
She said she sees opportunities for the city to work with local colleges and hospitals to help develop a biotechnology industry in Waco.
wn.com/Virginia_DuPuy -
Weatherford, Texas
Weatherford is a city in Parker County, Texas, United States, and a western suburb of Fort Worth. The population was 25,250 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Parker County and is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.
Weatherford is located 25 miles (40 km) west of Fort Worth on Interstate 20. It is the county seat for Parker County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.7 square miles (59 km2), of which, 20.9 square miles (54 km2) of it is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of it (7.86%) is water.
The 2008 census for the population of the City of Weatherford, Texas is 26,686 with a population density of 1,175.59 people per square mile. The population grew by 40.5% from 2000 to 2008. The racial makeup of the city in 2008 is 85.50% White, 10.20% Hispanic, 2.10% Black, 1.30% American Indian, 0.70% Asian, 4.10% other. Weatherford's average household size is 2.5.
The average income per household was $50,924, in the year 2007. The estimated 2007 city capita was $26,380.
wn.com/Weatherford,_Texas -
Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States (1849–1850) and an American military leader. Initially uninterested in politics, Taylor ran as a Whig in the 1848 presidential election, defeating Lewis Cass. He was a planter and slaveholder based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Known as "Old Rough and Ready," Taylor had a 40-year military career in the United States Army, serving in the War of 1812, the Black Hawk War, and the Second Seminole War. He achieved fame leading American troops to victory in the Battle of Palo Alto and the Battle of Monterrey during the Mexican–American War.
As president, Taylor angered many Southerners by taking a moderate stance on the issue of slavery. He urged settlers in New Mexico and California to bypass the territorial stage and draft constitutions for statehood, setting the stage for the Compromise of 1850.
Taylor died July 9, 1850, 16 months after his inauguration; the third-shortest tenure of any President. He is thought to have died of gastroenteritis. President Taylor was succeeded by his Vice President, Millard Fillmore.
wn.com/Zachary_Taylor
Texas
Daytime Drama, spun off from "Another World," which followed Iris Carrington from Bay City as she rediscovered Alex Wheeler, a former love, and moved to the Houston area. The stories centered around the daily lives of the wealthy Wheelers and Bellmans and the middle-class Marshalls and their ranching and oil interests. Beverlee McKinsey, as Iris, was the first daytime performer to be given starring credit.
Cast
- Jerry Lanning
- Daniel Davis
- Caryn Richman
- Barbara Rucker
- Beverlee McKinsey
- Carla Borelli
- Kin Shriner
- Phillip Clark
- Jim Poyner
- John McCafferty
- Elizabeth Allen
- Josephine Nichols
- Randy Hamilton
- Lisby Larson
- Tom Wiggin
- Pamela K. Long
- Ned Schmidtke
- Jay Hammer
- Stephen D. Newman
- Clifton James
- Alexandra Neil
- Donald May
- Stephen Joyce
- Bert Kramer
- Season 1
-
Episode 101: (#1.101)
USA:23 December 1980...
-
Episode 102: (#1.102)
USA:24 December 1980...
-
Episode 103: (#1.103)
USA:25 December 1980...
-
Episode 104: (#1.104)
USA:29 December 1980...
-
Episode 105: (#1.105)
USA:30 December 1980...
-
Episode 106: (#1.106)
USA:31 December 1980...
-
Episode 107: (#1.107)
USA:1 January 1981...
-
Episode 108: (#1.108)
USA:2 January 1981...
-
Episode 109: (#1.109)
USA:5 January 1981...
-
Episode 110: (#1.110)
USA:6 January 1981...
-
Episode 111: (#1.111)
USA:7 January 1981...
-
Episode 112: (#1.112)
USA:8 January 1981...
-
Episode 113: (#1.113)
USA:9 January 1981...
-
Episode 114: (#1.114)
USA:12 January 1981...
-
Episode 115: (#1.115)
USA:13 January 1981...
-
Episode 116: (#1.116)
USA:14 January 1981...
-
Episode 117: (#1.117)
USA:15 January 1981...
-
Episode 118: (#1.118)
USA:16 January 1981...
-
Episode 119: (#1.119)
USA:19 January 1981...
-
Episode 120: (#1.120)
USA:20 January 1981...
-
Episode 121: (#1.121)
USA:22 January 1981...
-
Episode 122: (#1.122)
USA:23 January 1981...
-
Episode 123: (#1.123)
USA:26 January 1981...
-
Episode 124: (#1.124)
USA:27 January 1981...
-
Episode 125: (#1.125)
USA:28 January 1981...
-
Episode 126: (#1.126)
USA:29 January 1981...
-
Episode 201: (#1.201)
USA:19 May 1981...
-
Episode 202: (#1.202)
USA:20 May 1981...
-
Episode 203: (#1.203)
USA:21 May 1981...
-
Episode 204: (#1.204)
USA:22 May 1981...
-
Episode 205: (#1.205)
USA:25 May 1981...
-
Episode 206: (#1.206)
USA:26 May 1981...
-
Episode 207: (#1.207)
USA:27 May 1981...
-
Episode 208: (#1.208)
USA:28 May 1981...
-
Episode 209: (#1.209)
USA:29 May 1981...
-
Episode 210: (#1.210)
USA:1 June 1981...
-
Episode 211: (#1.211)
First appearance of 'Morgan Freeman (I)' (qv)....
-
Episode 212: (#1.212)
USA:3 June 1981...
-
Episode 213: (#1.213)
USA:4 June 1981...
-
Episode 214: (#1.214)
USA:5 June 1981...
-
Episode 215: (#1.215)
USA:8 June 1981...
-
Episode 216: (#1.216)
USA:9 June 1981...
-
Episode 217: (#1.217)
USA:10 June 1981...
-
Episode 218: (#1.218)
USA:11 June 1981...
-
Episode 219: (#1.219)
USA:12 June 1981...
-
Episode 220: (#1.220)
USA:15 June 1981...
-
Episode 221: (#1.221)
USA:16 June 1981...
-
Episode 222: (#1.222)
USA:17 June 1981...
-
Episode 223: (#1.223)
First appearance of 'Donald May' (qv) as Grant Wheeler....
-
Episode 224: (#1.224)
USA:19 June 1981...
-
Episode 225: (#1.225)
USA:22 June 1981...
-
Episode 226: (#1.226)
USA:23 June 1981...
-
Episode 227: (#1.227)
Final appearance of 'Catherine Hickland' (qv) as Dr. Courtney Marshall....
-
Episode 228: (#1.228)
USA:25 June 1981...
-
Episode 229: (#1.229)
Final appearance of 'Bert Kramer' (qv) as Alex Wheeler....
-
Episode 230: (#1.230)
USA:29 June 1981...
-
Episode 231: (#1.231)
'Gail Kobe' (qv) is first credited as an executive producer....
-
Episode 232: (#1.232)
USA:1 July 1981...
-
Episode 233: (#1.233)
USA:2 July 1981...
-
Episode 234: (#1.234)
USA:6 July 1981...
-
Episode 235: (#1.235)
USA:7 July 1981...
-
Episode 236: (#1.236)
USA:8 July 1981...
-
Episode 237: (#1.237)
First appearance of 'Lily Barnstone' (qv) as Lacey Walker....
-
Episode 238: (#1.238)
USA:10 July 1981...
-
Episode 239: (#1.239)
USA:13 July 1981...
-
Episode 240: (#1.240)
USA:14 July 1981...
-
Episode 241: (#1.241)
USA:15 July 1981...
-
Episode 242: (#1.242)
First appearance of 'Alexandra Neil' (qv) as Ruby Wright...
-
Episode 243: (#1.243)
USA:17 July 1981...
-
Episode 244: (#1.244)
USA:20 July 1981...
-
Episode 245: (#1.245)
USA:21 July 1981...
-
Episode 246: (#1.246)
USA:22 July 1981...
-
Episode 247: (#1.247)
USA:23 July 1981...
-
Episode 248: (#1.248)
USA:24 July 1981...
-
Episode 249: (#1.249)
USA:27 July 1981...
-
Episode 250: (#1.250)
USA:28 July 1981...
-
Episode 251: (#1.251)
USA:29 July 1981...
-
Episode 252: (#1.252)
USA:30 July 1981...
-
Episode 253: (#1.253)
USA:31 July 1981...
-
Episode 254: (#1.254)
USA:3 August 1981...
-
Episode 255: (#1.255)
USA:4 August 1981...
-
Episode 256: (#1.256)
USA:5 August 1981...
-
Episode 257: (#1.257)
USA:6 August 1981...
-
Episode 258: (#1.258)
USA:7 August 1981...
-
Episode 259: (#1.259)
USA:10 August 1981...
-
Episode 260: (#1.260)
USA:11 August 1981...
-
Episode 261: (#1.261)
USA:12 August 1981...
-
Episode 262: (#1.262)
USA:13 August 1981...
-
Episode 263: (#1.263)
USA:14 August 1981...
-
Episode 264: (#1.264)
USA:17 August 1981...
-
Episode 265: (#1.265)
USA:18 August 1981...
-
Episode 266: (#1.266)
USA:19 August 1981...
-
Episode 267: (#1.267)
USA:20 August 1981...
-
Episode 268: (#1.268)
USA:21 August 1981...
-
Episode 269: (#1.269)
USA:24 August 1981...
-
Episode 270: (#1.270)
USA:25 August 1981...
-
Episode 271: (#1.271)
USA:26 August 1981...
-
Episode 272: (#1.272)
USA:27 August 1981...
-
Episode 273: (#1.273)
USA:28 August 1981...
-
Episode 274: (#1.274)
USA:31 August 1981...
-
Episode 275: (#1.275)
USA:1 September 1981...
-
Episode 276: (#1.276)
USA:2 September 1981...
-
Episode 277: (#1.277)
USA:3 September 1981...
-
Episode 278: (#1.278)
USA:4 September 1981...
-
Episode 279: (#1.279)
USA:7 September 1981...
-
Episode 280: (#1.280)
USA:8 September 1981...
-
Episode 281: (#1.281)
USA:9 September 1981...
-
Episode 282: (#1.282)
USA:10 September 1981...
-
Episode 283: (#1.283)
USA:11 September 1981...
-
Episode 284: (#1.284)
USA:14 September 1981...
-
Episode 285: (#1.285)
USA:15 September 1981...
-
Episode 339: (#1.339)
USA:4 December 1981...
-
Episode 359: (#1.359)
- Episode 365: (#1.365)
- Episode 371: (#1.371)
- Episode 374: (#1.374)
- Episode 379: (#1.379)
- Episode 384: (#1.384)
- Episode 389: (#1.389)
- Episode 394: (#1.394)
- Episode 399: (#1.399)
- Episode 404: (#1.404)
- Episode 409: (#1.409)
- Episode 414: (#1.414)
- Episode 419: (#1.419)
- Episode 424: (#1.424)
- Episode 429: (#1.429)
- Episode 434: (#1.434)
- Episode 435: (#1.435)
- Episode 440: (#1.440)
- Episode 441: (#1.441)
- Episode 526: (#1.526)
- Episode 531: (#1.531)
- Episode 538: (#1.538)
Send this Playlist by SMSEmail this Page
Brownsville, TX Part 1- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:27
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Brownsville, TXhttp://wn.com/Brownsville,_TX_Part_1
landing in brownsville texas :D:D:D:D:D- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
landing in brownsville texashttp://wn.com/landing_in_brownsville_texas_DDDDD
John Milton ( Brownsville, Texas )- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:12
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/John_Milton_Brownsville,_Texas_
Stillman House Brownsville Texas Public Paranormal Investigation Evidence EVP's 10/15/2011- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:05
- Updated: 16 Feb 2012
On 10/15/2011, Graveyard Shift Paranormal Investigations along with the Brownsville Historical Association together hosted an all night public paranormal investigation event within the historic Stillman House in Brownsville, Texas to confirm if it is haunted. There were stories from people as to this and other Texas paranormal teams have gotten paranormal activity evidence in the past. Our team along with the public did acquire some amazing ghostly EVP's that night for you to hear. And yes, we do personally believe the Stillman House to be haunted.http://wn.com/Stillman_House_Brownsville_Texas_Public_Paranormal_Investigation_Evidence_EVP's_10_15_2011
2011 Summer Vacation/Ep. 46: Brownsville, TX- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:46
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Driving in Brownsville, TX.http://wn.com/2011_Summer_Vacation_Ep_46_Brownsville,_TX
A Blast from Brownsville's Past- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Brownsville, Texas with images from the early 1950's to early 1980's courtesy of the Brownsville Historical Association and contributors to the Brownsville Station Facebook page.http://wn.com/A_Blast_from_Brownsville's_Past
John Milton ( Brownsville, Texas ) 2- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:30
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/John_Milton_Brownsville,_Texas_2
Businesses of Brownsville, Texas- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Pictorial history slide show of long-time Brownsville businesses. I do not own rights to this video, images, photos or music by Banco de Gaia. The Brownsville Station / K~BRO logos are solely ficticious and used for Facebook account which educates community of Brownsville, Texas about its local and cultural history. "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."http://wn.com/Businesses_of_Brownsville,_Texas
Boca Chica Beach Brownsville,Texas- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
I went fishing for a while and when i got there this guy had exploded his SUV and the sheriffs had already busted him.http://wn.com/Boca_Chica_Beach_Brownsville,Texas
Christmas Parade 2010 Brownsville Texas- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Once again The Rogy Pro Network goes off into the streets to investigate what people believe of the christmas parade!http://wn.com/Christmas_Parade_2010_Brownsville_Texas
Accordion Battle (Batalla de Acordeones) - Downtown Brownsville, Texas- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Accordion Battle / Shootout (Batalla de Acordeones) All the accordionists who performed that day re-united on stage at the end of the event and they each played a little something on their respective accordion. Downtown Brownsville South Texas Conjunto Association Freddie Gomez 9.5.11http://wn.com/Accordion_Battle_Batalla_de_Acordeones_Downtown_Brownsville,_Texas
Stillman House Museum - Paranormal Investigation - Brownsville, TX- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:57
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
SPIRIT paranormal investigation at the Historic Stillman House Museum in Brownsville, TX. conducted on 8-20-11. Presented here is a brief history of the reported paranormal activity and the evidence captured on site, which consists of several EVP's and a couple apparitions. We recommend watching it in full screen with headphones for closer inspection. youtube channel - youtube.com facebook profile - facebook.com paranorml talk show - blogtalkradio.com email - info@spiritinvestigator.comhttp://wn.com/Stillman_House_Museum_Paranormal_Investigation_Brownsville,_TX
Brownsville Texas 4 easy ways to buy a Foreclosure- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 01 May 2012
JorgesForeclosureList.com Sign up for a Free Foreclosure List ....Jorge Espinosa Texas Real Estate Broker 956-639-0486 httphttp://wn.com/Brownsville_Texas_4_easy_ways_to_buy_a_Foreclosure
John Milton ( Brownsville, Texas ) 3- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:36
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/John_Milton_Brownsville,_Texas_3
Brownsville Texas Old City Jail Paranormal Investigation - Graveyard Shift Paranormal- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 36:38
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Graveyard Shift Paranormal conducted a first ever investigation in the Brownsville, Texas Old City Jail historic building in February 2012. Here is the investigation and the very interesting ghostly paranormal activity evidence that was found by them. Much thanks to the owner for allowing us in to investigate the building and the great paranormal activity evidence that has been found by us since this investigation.http://wn.com/Brownsville_Texas_Old_City_Jail_Paranormal_Investigation_Graveyard_Shift_Paranormal
downtown brownsville tx- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
downtown brownsville txhttp://wn.com/downtown_brownsville_tx
Resaca de la palma State Park Brownsville Texas 2012-02-19- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:22
- Updated: 22 May 2012
Resaca de la palma State Park Brownsville Texas 2012-02-19. Species seen on video include coyote, red-shouldered hawk, Northern cardinal, grebe, great kiskadee, green jay, Harris's hawk, Eastern phoebe. Panasonic HDC-TM 900 shot at 1080/60 p. Aunsoft final mate for windows lossless output. Google chrome upload. You tube editor processinghttp://wn.com/Resaca_de_la_palma_State_Park_Brownsville_Texas_2012-02-19
La Southmost Brownsville TX- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
La Southmost Brownsville TXhttp://wn.com/La_Southmost_Brownsville_TX
Burlington Brownsville Texas- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
BURLIGTON CARSHOWhttp://wn.com/Burlington_Brownsville_Texas
Old Brownsville Texas City Jail Paranormal Investigation - Audio Enhanced- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 36:38
- Updated: 26 Jul 2012
The Graveyard Shift Paranormal Investigations team investigated the Brownsville, Texas Old City Jail building back in February 2012, here is the investigation and paranormal evidence. The audio has been enhanced and made louder on this video, due to the sound quality on the previously uploaded video. Graveyard Shift Paranormal maintains the commercial right to everything in this video.http://wn.com/Old_Brownsville_Texas_City_Jail_Paranormal_Investigation_Audio_Enhanced
Two Zetas executed in Brownsville, Texas- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
and other violence.... hello Angel..........http://wn.com/Two_Zetas_executed_in_Brownsville,_Texas
2 Tornadoes caught on video, Brownsville, Texas!!!- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Tuesday May 18, 2010 unbelievable images....Brownsville, Texas: 2 tornadoes caught on video at Port of Brownsville!http://wn.com/2_Tornadoes_caught_on_video,_Brownsville,_Texas!!!
Cover The Night Kony 2012 "Brownsville Texas" by W1420- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 30 Jun 2012
Cover the Night Kony 2012http://wn.com/Cover_The_Night_Kony_2012_Brownsville_Texas_by_W1420
Jakarta Globephoto: AP / Mohammed Asad
24 Nov 2012Cairo. President Mohamed Morsi insisted on Friday that Egypt is on the path to “freedom and democracy” after granting himself sweeping powers, which sparked clashes between his supporters and foes and raised concerns abroad. “Political stability, social stability and economic stability are what I want and that is what I am working for,” he told a...(size: 4.8Kb)WorldNews.comphoto: AP
23 Nov 2012Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)The Independentphoto: WN / Ahmed Deeb
23 Nov 2012Israel and Hamas are seeking to solidify an Egyptian and US-brokered cease-fire halting eight days of aerial assaults that ravaged the Gaza Strip and made Tel Aviv a missile target. Announcing the truce in Cairo last night alongside Egypt's foreign minister, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton promised U.S. assistance in seeking to "improve...(size: 5.4Kb)BBC Newsphoto: AP / Egyptian Presidency
23 Nov 2012Opposition groups in Egypt have called for mass protests on Friday against President Mohammed Mursi's decree that gives him sweeping powers. They have described his move as a "coup against legitimacy" and accused the president of appointing himself Egypt's "new pharaoh". The decree states that the president's decisions cannot be revoked by any...(size: 4.6Kb)BBC Newsphoto: AP / Polash Khan
25 Nov 2012The death toll from a fire in a clothes factory in Bangladesh has leapt to at least 120, officials say. The fire broke out late on Saturday in the nine-floor Tazreen Fashion factory in the Ashulia district on the outskirts of...(size: 1.5Kb)
Star Tribune26 Nov 2012President John F. Kennedy was supposed to just stop by and wave hello. Instead a group of eager Latinos persuaded him to come inside and speak to a packed room of Mexican-American civil rights activists. And then he persuaded his wife, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, to address the crowd in Spanish. It was Nov. 21, 1963. Hours later, the president...(size: 3.4Kb)Star Tribune26 Nov 2012top 25 polls ASSOCIATED PRESS (MEDIA) The Top 25 teams in the Associated Press college football poll, with first-place votes in parentheses, records through Saturday, total points based on 25 points for a first-place vote through one point for a 25th-place vote, and previous ranking: Record Pts Pv 1. Notre Dame (60) 12-0 1,500 1 2. Alabama 11-1...(size: 2.8Kb)The Independent26 Nov 2012Who shot JR?” was the question on the lips of television viewers worldwide when ruthless JR Ewing, in the American soap opera Dallas, was hit by an assassin’s bullet. It was the greatest whodunit in television history, a cliffhanger that closed one series and left fans waiting to find out the answer. JR made Larry Hagman one of the best-known and...(size: 7.2Kb)New York Daily News26 Nov 2012President John F. Kennedy was supposed to just stop by and wave hello. Instead a group of eager Latinos persuaded him to come inside and speak to a packed room of Mexican-American civil rights activists. And then he persuaded his wife, first lady Jacqueline Kennedy, to address the crowd in Spanish. It was Nov. 21, 1963. Hours later, the president...(size: 3.3Kb)The Miami Herald26 Nov 2012LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. -- Amath M'Baye scored 19 points and Je'lon Hornbeak had 14 as Oklahoma beat West Virginia 77-70 in the third-place game Sunday...(size: 1.0Kb)The Dallas Morning News26 Nov 2012LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. (AP) — Amath M'Baye scored 19 points and Je'lon Hornbeak had 14 as Oklahoma beat West Virginia 77-70 in the third-place game Sunday night at the Old Spice Classic. Andrew Fitzgerald added nine points for...(size: 1.5Kb)CNN26 Nov 2012Aggies QB Johnny Manziel ran for two touchdowns and threw for three scores in a win over Missouri. Scott Halleran/Getty Images COLLEGE STATION, Texas (AP) -- No. 10 Texas A&M; has reached 10 wins for the first time since 1998. The accomplishment is even sweeter for the Aggies because of the skeptics who predicted they'd struggle in their first...(size: 5.4Kb)The Washington Post26 Nov 2012LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. — Amath M’Baye scored 19 points and Je’lon Hornbeak had 14 as Oklahoma beat West Virginia 77-70 in the third-place game Sunday night at the Old Spice Classic. Andrew Fitzgerald added nine points for Oklahoma (4-1) Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections? Recommend...(size: 2.3Kb)Buffalo News26 Nov 2012An Allegany County monastery wonât be forced to return $1.6 million to a Texas man who accused its operators of defrauding him. Eric E. Hoyle entered the Most Holy Family Monastery in the rural Town of Fillmore in 2005, turning over just about everything he had to the religious organization in his quest to become a Benedictine monk. The former...(size: 3.1Kb)Star Tribune26 Nov 2012Sore losers threatening to leave the United States. Extremists trafficking in loose talk about secession. A description of the aftermath of the 2012 election? Yes. But also an accurate depiction of the situation in 2004. The liberal hierarchy has been exasperated in recent days to discover that some Americans who are dismayed at the prospect of...(size: 3.5Kb)The Washington Times26 Nov 2012Follow @Rich_Campbell Robert Griffin III spent Saturday afternoon on the sideline at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. He wore a green Baylor long-sleeved t-shirt and cheered his former teammates in their overtime victory over Texas Tech, which secured the Bears’ qualification for a bowl game. Because of Griffin’s four-touchdown...(size: 3.4Kb)The Washington Post26 Nov 2012With one week left in the college football regular season there are innumerable stories that have been told and are still unfolding. There will be, naturally, a good deal of focus on Notre Dame’s undefeated season and the fact that the Irish will play for the national championship for the first time since 1988. There also is a good deal of...(size: 3.7Kb)Sporting News26 Nov 2012NEW YORK — Toasted in Texas, the New York Knicks fixed things on their home floor. Now it's right back on the road — or subway, for those so inclined — for the first chance to claim city supremacy. The New York Knicks forward Carmelo Anthony scored 29 points as he team ended its 2-game losing streak with a 121-100 win over the Pistons. (AP Photo)...(size: 5.0Kb)City of Brownsville — City — Boca Chica Blvd. with U.S. 77 in the background
Nickname(s): The Green City Motto: On the border by the sea... Location within Cameron County
Coordinates: 25°55′49″N 97°29′4″W / 25.93028°N 97.48444°W / 25.93028; -97.48444Coordinates: 25°55′49″N 97°29′4″W / 25.93028°N 97.48444°W / 25.93028; -97.48444 Country United States State Texas County Cameron Government • Type Council-Manager • City Council Mayor Antonio "Tony" Martinez
Estela Chavez-Vasquez
Rose M. Z. Gowen
Ricardo Longoria, Jr.
Jessica Tetreau-Kalifa
Melissa Zamora
John Villarreal• City Manager Charlie Cabler Area • City 147.5 sq mi (382.0 km2) • Land 144.9 sq mi (375.3 km2) • Water 2.6 sq mi (6.8 km2) Elevation 33 ft (10 m) Population (2010) • City 175,023 (city proper) • Density 1,186.6/sq mi (458.2/km2) • Metro 1,136,995 Time zone CST (UTC-6) • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5) ZIP codes 78520-26 Area code(s) 956 FIPS code 48-10768[1] GNIS feature ID 1372749[2] Website http://www.cob.us Brownsville is a city in the southernmost tip of the state of Texas, in the United States.[3] It is located on the northern bank of the Rio Grande, directly north and across the border from Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Brownsville is the 16th largest city in the state of Texas with a population of 175,023.[4] In addition, the Matamoros–Brownsville Metropolitan Area counts with a population of 1,136,995,[5] making it the 4th largest metropolitan area in the Mexico-US border.[6]
The area in Brownsville is one of the fastest growing urban areas in the United States.[7] The city's population dramatically increased after it experienced a boom in the steel industry during the 1900s, where it produced three times its annual capacity.[8] Nowadays, the Port of Brownsville is a major economic hub for South Texas, where shipments from Mexico, other parts of the United States and the world arrive.[9] Brownsville's economy is mainly based on its international trade with Mexico through the NAFTA agreement, and is home to one of the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the nation.[10] In addition, Brownsville's climate has often been recognized among the best pro-business climates in the United States,[11] and the city has also been ranked among the least expensive places to live in the U.S.[12]
Brownsville's historical significance is due to the fact that it served as a site for several battles and events in the Texas Revolution,[13] the Mexican American War,[14] and the American Civil War.[15] And right across the U.S-Mexico border lies Matamoros, Tamaulipas, a city with a population of 700,000 people and a major site of the Mexican War of Independence,[16] the Mexican Revolution,[17] and the French Intervention.[18] On another note, Brownsville and Matamoros, Tamaulipas are home to the Charro Days and Sombrero Festival annual celebrations, which are two–nation fiestas that commemorate the heritage of the U.S. and Mexico.[19][20]
Contents
Geography and climate[link]
Brownsville Climate chart (explanation) J F M A M J J A S O N D 1.469511.272530.97860282652.58772391751.89275393755.389733.884661.877591.17052Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D 3520103022122426155028186331227633244534247634241353223962919442515282111Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm Brownsville is located on the U.S.-Mexico border (marked here by the Rio Grande or Río Bravo del Norte) from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
Broadleaf evergreen plants, including palms, dominate Brownsville neighborhoods to a greater degree than is seen elsewhere in Texas—even in nearby cities such as Harlingen and San Benito. Soils are mostly of clay to silty clay loam texture, moderately alkaline (pH 8.2) to strongly alkaline (pH8.5) and with a significant degree of salinity in many places.[6]
According to the City of Brownsville,[21] the city has a total area of 147.5 square miles (382 km2), making it by far the largest American city by land area in the lower Rio Grande Valley and third largest American city by land area along the U.S.-Mexico border, after San Diego, California and El Paso, Texas. 144.9 square miles (375 km2) of it is land and 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2) of it (3.16%) is water.
In addition to being the southernmost city in Texas, Brownsville is among the southernmost of all U.S. cities. Only Hawaiʻi and a handful of municipalities in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties (plus tiny Everglades City in Collier County) in Florida are at a more southerly latitude than Brownsville, which lies at roughly the same latitude as North Miami Beach in northern Miami-Dade County; thus, Brownsville is farther south than such well-known, tropical Florida cities as West Palm Beach, Ft. Myers, and Fort Lauderdale.
Brownsville is now one of the first cities in the U.S. and Texas to ban the use of plastic shopping bags, reaching closer toward its goals of a greener, cleaner city.[22] This has led other cities in the area to also consider such a ban. In addition, Forbes has identified Brownsville as one of 12 metro areas in the U.S. with the cleanest air; Laredo, Texas was the only other Texas metro area to be among the 12.[23]
Brownsville received the theoretical maximum worst score (72) for its level of human influence on the environment. This is the place where the maximum was observed. It ranked higher than the most populous metropolitan cities.[24]
Brownsville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa),[25] just outside of the tropical savanna climate zone. Yet the nearby ocean waters of the Gulf of Mexico help keep Brownsville cooler during the summer relative to cities further inland such as Laredo and McAllen. Thus temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) are uncommon. At the other extreme, there may be a few nights per year with freezing temperatures.[26] Rainfall tends to be the heaviest in summer and early part of fall, although it is not unheard of for Brownsville to go for weeks or sometimes months without any rainfall even during the "wet" season. Extreme temperatures range from 12 °F (−11 °C) in February 1899 to 106 °F (41 °C) in March 1984. The greatest snowfall in a day and a season was 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), which fell on December 25, 2004.[26]
Brownsville's location at the intersection of different climate regimes (subtropical, Chihuahuan desert, Gulf Coast plain, and Great Plains) causes it to be a birding location. Its unique network of resacas (distributaries of the Rio Grande and oxbow lakes) provide habitat for nesting / breeding birds of various types - most notably during the Spring and Fall migrations.
Climate data for Brownsville, Texas Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 91
(33)94
(34)106
(41)102
(39)102
(39)103
(39)103
(39)104
(40)105
(41)99
(37)98
(37)94
(34)106
(41)Average high °F (°C) 70.7
(21.5)73.9
(23.3)79.0
(26.1)83.9
(28.8)88.6
(31.4)92.3
(33.5)93.7
(34.3)94.5
(34.7)90.6
(32.6)85.7
(29.8)79.2
(26.2)72.0
(22.2)83.7
(28.7)Average low °F (°C) 51.6
(10.9)54.7
(12.6)59.6
(15.3)65.9
(18.8)72.3
(22.4)75.7
(24.3)76.3
(24.6)76.2
(24.6)73.1
(22.8)66.9
(19.4)59.6
(15.3)52.7
(11.5)65.4
(18.6)Record low °F (°C) 18
(−8)12
(−11)28
(−2)37
(3)41
(5)56
(13)57
(14)63
(17)51
(11)35
(2)27
(−3)16
(−9)12
(−11)Rainfall inches (mm) 1.27
(32.3)1.07
(27.2)1.23
(31.2)1.53
(38.9)2.64
(67.1)2.56
(65)2.04
(51.8)2.44
(62)5.92
(150.4)3.74
(95)1.81
(46)1.15
(29.2)27.41
(696.2)Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) 7.7 5.4 4.2 4.0 5.0 6.6 5.0 7.2 9.3 7.3 5.9 7.2 74.8 Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.2 152.6 207.7 234.0 266.6 306.0 334.8 306.9 252.0 229.4 165.0 130.2 2,715.4 Source no. 1: National Weather Service (normals 1981−2010) [26] Source no. 2: Hong Kong Observatory (sun, 1961−1990) [27] Demographics[link]
Historical populations Census Pop. %± 1860 2,734 — 1870 4,905 79.4% 1880 4,938 0.7% 1890 6,134 24.2% 1900 6,305 2.8% 1910 10,517 66.8% 1920 11,791 12.1% 1930 22,021 86.8% 1940 22,083 0.3% 1950 35,086 58.9% 1960 48,040 36.9% 1970 52,522 9.3% 1980 84,997 61.8% 1990 98,962 16.4% 2000 139,722 41.2% 2010 175,023 25.3% As of the census[1] of 2010, there were 175,023 people, 38,174 households, and 32,180 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,207.1 people per square mile (466.0/km2). There were 53,936 housing units at an average density of 372.0 per square mile (143.6/km2). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 93.19% of the population.[28]
There were 38,174 households out of which 50.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 20.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.7% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.62 and the average family size was 3.99.
In the city the population was spread out with 34.6% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,468, and the median income for a family was $26,186. Males had a median income of $21,739 versus $17,116 for females.
Brownsville has been ranked the third "least brainy" city in the U.S.[29]
History[link]
Brownsville in 1857.
In 1845, construction of a fort on the Mexican border was commissioned, due to increased instability in the region. Before completion, the Mexican Army began the Siege of Fort Texas, during the first active campaign in the Mexican-American War, between 3–9 May 1846. The first battle of the war occurred on 8 May 1846, when General Zachary Taylor received word of the siege of the fort. They rushed to help, but were intercepted, resulting in the Battle of Palo Alto about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of present-day Brownsville. The next morning the Mexican forces had retreated, and Taylor's troops caught up with them, resulting in the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, which was fought within the present city limits. When Taylor finally arrived at the besieged Fort Texas, it was found that two soldiers had died, one of which was the fort's commander, Major Jacob Brown. In his honor, General Taylor renamed the fort Fort Brown. An old cannon at the University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College marks the spot where Major Brown was fatally wounded.
Contrary to popular belief, however, there is little, if any, evidence that the Fort was called "Fort Texas." In fact, most official correspondence from the time describes the fort as "camp near Matamoros."
The city of Brownsville was originally established late in 1848 by Charles Stillman, and was made the county seat of the new Cameron County on 13 January 1849. The city was originally incorporated by the state on 24 January 1850. This was repealed on 1 April 1852, due to a land ownership dispute between Stillman and the former owners. The state reincorporated the city on 7 February 1853, which remains in effect. The issue of ownership was not decided until 1879, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Stillman.
On July 13, 1859, the First Cortina War started. Juan Nepomuceno Cortina would become one of the most important historical figures of the area, and continued to exert a decisive influence in the local events until his arrest in 1875. The First Cortina War ended on December 27, 1859. In May 1861, the brief Second Cortina War took place.
Main article: Cortina TroublesDuring the Civil War Brownsville was used as a smuggling point for Confederate goods into Mexico, most importantly cotton smuggled to European ships waiting at the Mexican port of Bagdad. Fort Brown was controlled by the Confederates. In November 1863, Union troops landed at Port Isabel and marched for Brownsville to stop the smuggling. In the ensuing battle of Brownsville Confederate forces abandoned the fort, blowing it up with 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of explosives. In 1864, the town was reoccupied by the Confederates under John Salmon 'Rip' Ford. On May 15, 1865, a month after the surrender had been signed at Appomattox Court House, the Battle of Palmito Ranch was fought and won by the Confederates. Ulysses S. Grant sent Union General Frederick Steele to Brownsville to patrol the Mexican-American border after Civil War to aid the Juaristas with military supplies.
On 13 and 14 August 1906, Brownsville was the site of the Brownsville Affair. Racial tensions were high between white townsfolk and black infantrymen stationed at Fort Brown. On the night of 13 August, one white bartender was killed and a white police officer was wounded by rifle shots in the street. Townsfolk, including the mayor, accused the infantrymen as the murderers. Without a chance to defend themselves in a hearing, President Theodore Roosevelt dishonorably discharged the entire 167 member regiment due to their accused "conspiracy of silence". Further investigations in the 1970s found that they were not at fault, and the Nixon Administration reversed all dishonorable discharges.
On September 8, 1926, The Junior College of the Lower Rio Grande Valley (later known as Texas Southmost College) admitted its first class. In 1945 Fort Brown was decommissioned and in 1948 the City and College acquired the land. Between 1945 to 1970 Brownsville population continued to grow gradually, doubled from 25,000 to 52,000 people. In 1991 Brownsville received a University via the partnership between the University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College.
Brownsville was declared an All-America City in the year 2001.
On December 25, 2004, Brownsville had its first instance of measurable snow in 109 years, with 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), and the first recorded White Christmas. This was part of the 2004 Christmas Eve Snowstorm. The snow was subsequently sold on eBay.[30]
Economy[link]
An important pillar of the economy is the Port of Brownsville. The port, located 2 miles (3.2 km) from the city, provides an important link between the road networks of nearby Mexico, and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway of Texas.[31]
The port's Hinterland, from where it draws cargo, is Monterrey, Mexico, just 198 miles to the West, which is one of Latin America's largest industrial cities.
Top employers[link]
According to Brownsville's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[32] the top employers in the city were:
# Employer # of Employees 1 Brownsville Independent School District 7,434 2 University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College 2,386 3 Cameron County 2,076 4 Keppel AmFELS 1,695 5 City of Brownsville 1,178 6 Walmart 1,174 7 Convergys 1,000 8 H-E-B 975 9 Valley Regional Medical Center 757 10 Valley Baptist Medical Center 717 Government[link]
City government[link]
Picture of Brownsville; on the right is the "Old Federal Courthouse", where city commission meetings are held.Brownsville has a Council-Manager style of Government. The Mayor and six City Commissioners, two At-Large and four District, serve staggered four year terms. Elections are held for one At-Large and two District seats every two years. Municipal elections are held on the first Saturday of May in odd numbered years.
As of 2006, the members of the Commission are:
- Mayor: Antonio "Tony" Martinez (Since 2011)
- Commissioner At-Large "A": Estela Chavez-Vasquez(Since 2011)
- Commissioner At-Large "B": Dr. Rose M.Z. Gowen (Since 2009)
- Commissioner District 1: Ricardo Longoria Jr. (Since 2003)
- Commissioner District 2: Jessica Tetreau-Kalifa (Since 2011)
- Commissioner District 3: Melissa Zamora (Since 2009)
- Commissioner District 4: John Villarreal (Since 2011)
The next regular elections for the City will occur in the following years:
- Mayor: 2015
- At-Large "A": 2015
- At-Large "B": 2013
- District 1: 2015
- District 2: 2015
- District 3: 2013
- District 4: 2013
The City Commission appoints the City Manager. As of 2006, the City Manager is Charlie Cabler.
The City Commission also appoints a six member Public Utilities Board for a four-year term. Members are limited to two consecutive or non-consecutive terms. The Mayor is an ex-officio member of the Board.
Federal representation[link]
The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Brownsville. The Brownsville Main Post Office is located at 1535 East Los Ebanos Boulevard.[33] Downtown Brownsville is served by the Downtown Brownsville Post Office at 1001 East Elizabeth Street.[34]
There is also a National Weather Service office and doppler radar site in Brownsville. They provide forecasts and radar coverage for Deep South Texas and the adjacent coastal waters.
Education[link]
Universities and colleges[link]
File:The UT SPH Bronwsville Regional Campus.jpgUT School of Public Health- University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health (UTSPH), Brownsville Regional Campus
The School of Public Health (UTSPH) opened in 2001 as part of the legislated Regional Academic Health Center program, or RAHC and is physically located on the campus of the University of Texas at Brownsville. UTSPH - Brownsville is a regional campus of the University of Texas School of Public Health statewide network which offer students a graduate certificate in public health and the Master of Public Health (M.P.H.) graduate degree. Starting in 2009, the Brownsville Regional Campus also began offering a PhD program in Epidemiology and a Doctorate in Public Health (DrPH) in Health Promotion, the only program's of their kind in South Texas. Major public health concerns of the faculty and researchers found here in the Lower Rio Grande Valley Texas include diabetes, tuberculosis, obesity, cardiovascular disease and hepatitis. Other areas of public health significance include physical activity, behavioral journalism, healthy living, diet and lifestyles activities. The Brownsville Regional Campus is also developing a strong research focus in genetics and its relationship to infectious and chronic disease.[35]
Primary and secondary schools[link]
Public schools[link]
Most of Brownsville is served by Brownsville Independent School District. The BISD counted its total enrollment in the 2010-11 at 49,155 students in 57 schools. It is the 17th largest school district in Texas. A portion of northern Brownsville is served by the Los Fresnos Consolidated Independent School District.
In addition, Brownsville residents are allowed to apply to magnet schools operated by the South Texas Independent School District, as well as BISD magnet schools. Each BISD high school has a magnet school within the school (example, Gladys Porter High School, has the district's Technology and Engineering Professions magnet program).
State charter schools[link]
- Raul Yzaguirre School For Success
- Sentry Technology Prep Charter High School
- IDEA Public Schools Frontier Academy and College Prep
- Harmony Science Academy-Brownsville (K–12)
- Math and Science Academy-UTB
Private and parochial schools[link]
Grades 9-12:
- Livingway Christian School (grades K3-12)
- Saint Joseph Academy (grades 7 through 12)
- Valley Christian High School
- First Baptist High School
Grades 1-8:
- Brownsville SDA School
- Episcopal Day School
- First Baptist School
- Faith Christian Academy
- Guadalupe Regional Middle School
- Incarnate Word Academy
- Kenmont Montessori School
- St. Luke's Catholic School
- St. Mary's Catholic School
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Brownsville operates area Catholic schools.
Public libraries[link]
The Brownsville Public Library System operates the Main Library and the Southmost Branch.[36]
Transportation[link]
File:Mcdavittovps.jpgU.S. Highway 77/83 overpass construction over Mcdavitt Blvd.Mass transit[link]
Established in mid-Brownsville in 1978, with expanding bus service to rapidly developing North Brownsville. The Brownsville Urban System (BUS) consists of 14 buses running 11 routes covering a large portion of Brownsville. [7]
Highways[link]
Brownsville is served by the following U.S. Highways:
- U.S. Route 77 to Kingsville, Corpus Christi (U.S. 77 is a proposed part of the North American Free Trade Agreement's future Interstate 69)
- U.S. Route 83 to McAllen
- U.S. Route 281 to Edinburg
International bridges[link]
Brownsville has three international bridges:
- The Brownsville & Matamoros International Bridge (B&M), known locally as the "Old Bridge".
- The B&M International Bridge also serves as an international railway for Union Pacific
- Gateway International Bridge, known locally as the "new bridge" despite the fact that it's no longer the city's newest international bridge.
- The Veteran's International Bridge at Los Tomates, or locally simply known as the "Los Tomates" or "Veteran's" bridge.
Airport[link]
Brownsville has its own city-owned airport, the Brownsville/South Padre Island International Airport. The airport is used for general aviation and is served by United Airlines (service to Houston-Intercontinental) AeroMexico (service to Monterrey, NL, Mexico) and American Eagle Airlines (service to Dallas-Fort Worth).[37]
Railroads[link]
Art and culture[link]
The Brownsville area is full of well-established art galleries and museums that represent not only art of the region and Mexico but feature traveling exhibits from around the world.[38]
Sports[link]
Each year, Brownsville hosts the Jackie Robinson World Series for nine-year-old baseball players.
In 1920 the St. Louis Cardinals held spring training in Brownsville.[39]
Media and journalism[link]
Television[link]
The Brownsville area is served by numerous local television affiliates.
- XHRIO-TV 2 Fox - Matamoros, Tamaulipas
- KGBT-TV 4 CBS - Harlingen
- KRGV-TV 5 ABC - Weslaco
- XHAB 7 Televisa Regional Matamoros, Tamaulipas
- XERV 9 Canal de las Estrellas Matamoros, Tamaulipas
- XHOR 14 Azteca 7 Reynosa, Tamaulipas
- KXFX-CA 20 Telefutura - Brownsville
- KVEO-TV 23 NBC - Brownsville
- KMBH 38 PBS - Harlingen
- KTLM 40 Telemundo - McAllen
- KLUJ-TV 44 TBN - Harlingen
- KNVO-TV 48 Univision - McAllen
- KNWS-LP 64 Azteca America - Brownsville
Radio[link]
- KVNS 1700 AM Classic Hits Radio
- KURV 710 AM News Talk
- KFRQ 94.5 FM Rock
- KKPS Que Pasa 99.5 99.5 FM Tejano
- KNVO 101.1 FM
- KVLY 107.9 FM MIX FM
- KBFM Wild 104 104.1 FM Hip-Hop, R&B, Pop, Reggeton
- KBNR 88.3 FM Radio Manantial (Spanish Christian)
- KTEX 100.3 FM Country
- ExaFm 91.3 FM Pop Latino
- Digital 101.5 FM Pop Latino
- KHKZ Kiss 106.3
- KVMV 96.9 FM Contemporary Christian
- KMBH/KHID 88.9 Public Radio 88 FM NPR and Performance Today
- KJAV 104.9 Jack FM Adult Hits
Newspapers[link]
Points of interest[link]
File:Brnmasonictemp.jpgA picture of the Brownsville Masonic Temple Rio Grande Masonic Lodge No. 81, constructed in 1882. It was the original Cameron County Courthouse.Local attractions include the Gladys Porter Zoo, the Brownsville Museum of Fine Art, Camille Lightner Playhouse, a historical downtown with buildings over 150 years old, the Port of Brownsville, and the Children's Museum of Brownsville. There is also easy access to South Padre Island and the Mexican city of Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
Sunrise Mall is the largest shopping mall in the city of Brownsville. Since being remodeled in 2000 the mall has become the primary mall in the Brownsville-Harlingen metroplex. Brownsville previously had another shopping mall, Amigoland Mall by Simon, though the building has since been purchased by the University of Texas at Brownsville after many of its tenants moved from Amigoland to Sunrise.
Notable people[link]
- Reynaldo G. Garza (1915–2004) Judge of Brownsville was first appointed to the United States District Court in 1961 by President Kennedy, and to the United States Court of Appeals by President Carter in 1978.
- Antonio Oscar Garza The former US Ambassador to Mexico
- James Carlos Blake, award-winning novelist, received his elementary education at Saint Joseph Academy.
- Shelbie Bruce (1992–present): Actress.
- Federico Peña: former U.S. Transportation Secretary, former U.S. Energy Secretary and former mayor of Denver, Colorado, was reared in Brownsville.
- Jaime Zapata (1979–2011): Notable U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent who was ambushed, shot, and killed by Los Zetas in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.[40] He was returning from a meeting in Mexico City; Victor Avila, another agent that accompanied him, was wounded.[41]
- Buddy Garcia: interim 2012 member of the Texas Railroad Commission; now resides in Austin
- Dr. Juliet V. García: the first Hispanic woman to serve as a college president and one of Time's "10 Best College Presidents," [42] was born in Brownsville, and is the current president of the University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College.
- Kris Kristofferson (1936–present): Actor and singer.
- Eddie Lucio, Jr., member of the Texas State Senate from Brownsville since 1991
- Kristian Menchaca: soldier, Iraqi war casualty.
- Americo Paredes: Mexican-American writer and author of George Washington Gomez, was born in Brownsville on 3 September 1915.[43]
- Efren Saldivar: Serial killer.
- Julian Schnabel Artist and director; spent his formative years and decided to become an artist in Brownsville.
- Elka Walker (1978–present): best known for MTV's reality series The Real World
Sister cities[link]
Heroica Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico (2009)- Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas, Mexico (2009)
See also[link]
- List of museums in the Texas Gulf Coast
- Nuevo Santander
- Virreinato de Nueva España
- José de Escandón y Helguera, 1st Count of Sierra Gorda
References[link]
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ "Brownsville (city), Texas". U.S. Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4810768.html. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ "Matamoros-Brownsville". World Gazetteer. http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-2&srt=pnan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&pt=a&va=x&geo=-1049423. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ "World Gazetter: America - Largest Cities". http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-2&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=x.
- ^ "City of Brownsville, Texas: On the border, by the sea". City of Brownsville. http://www.cob.us/. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ Plume, Janet. "Boom time in Brownsville". Journal of Commerce. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2a617b19-504c-42cf-a63b-242a51dcf2b0%40sessionmgr15&vid=5&hid=21. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ Plume, Janet (November 2004). "New Route from Asia?". Journal of Commerce 5 (44): 42. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2a617b19-504c-42cf-a63b-242a51dcf2b0%40sessionmgr15&vid=6&hid=21. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ "About Brownsville". City of Brownsville: Brownsville Public Library. http://www1.cob.us/about_brownsville.asp. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ "Governor’s ED Team Receives Leadership Award". Brownsville's Economic Development Council. http://brownsvilleedc.businesscatalyst.com/PRESS%20Release%20-%20Leadership%20Award%202011.pdf. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ Wong, Vanesa (6/27/2011 9:30:25 AM). "Texas town is the cheapest place to live in US". MSN News. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43540398/ns/business-us_business/t/texas-town-cheapest-place-live-us/. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ Scribner, John. "The Texas Navy". Texas Military Forces Museum. http://www.texasmilitaryforcesmuseum.org/articles/texasnavy/texasnavy.htm. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ Thompson, Jerry D. (2007). Cortina: defending the Mexican name in Texas. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 332. http://books.google.com/books?id=aFsCTOTGHaoC&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=Pedro+Hinojosa+matamoros#v=onepage&q=Pedro%20Hinojosa%20matamoros&f=false.
- ^ Delaney, Robert W. (April 5, 1995). Matamoros, Port for Texas during the Civil War. Texas State Historical Association. pp. 487. ISBN 0038478X. JSTOR 30241907.
- ^ "Tamaulipas y la guerra de Independencia: acontecimientos, actores y escenarios". Gobierno del Estado de Tamaulipas. http://bicentenario.tamaulipas.gob.mx/images/pdf/Libro%20Juan%20Fidel%20Zorrila.pdf. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "The Mexican Revolution: Conflict in Matamoros". University of Texas at Austin. http://runyon.lib.utexas.edu/conflict.html. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ Yorke Stevenson, Sara (2004). Maximilian In Mexico A Woman's Reminiscences Of The French Intervention 1862 To 1867. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 168. http://books.google.com/books?id=nPfz6VRwyREC&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=french+intervention+matamoros#v=onepage&q=french%20intervention%20matamoros&f=false.
- ^ "Charro Days: A Tradition". Charro Days Fiesta Organization. http://www.charrodaysfiesta.com/. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ "Sombrero Festival 2012". Sombrero Festival Ltd.. http://www.sombrerofestival.com/. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ City of Brownsville [1], accessed February 23, 2011.
- ^ The Brownsville Herald [2], accessed February 25, 2011.
- ^ MSNBC.com "America's Cleanest Cities" [3], accessed February 25, 2011.
- ^ "The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild"
- ^ Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633-1644, 2007.
- ^ a b c National Weather Service Brownsville
- ^ "Climatological Information for Brownsville, United States". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/brownsville_e.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-22.
- ^ 2010 U.S. Census Facts as per The Houston Chronicle Data Explorer [4], accessed February 23, 2011.
- ^ Wienerbronner, Danielle (3 December 2010). "America's 10 Least Brainy Cities: Portfolio Study". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/03/the-10-least-brainy-citie_n_791233.html#s196391.
- ^ "South Texans hope to cash in on snow". USA Today. Associated Press. 2005-01-03. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/stormcenter/2005-01-03-Texas-snowball_x.htm?csp=34.
- ^ "About Us". Port of Brownsville. http://www.portofbrownsville.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=27.
- ^ City of Brownsville CAFR
- ^ "Post Office Location - BROWNSVILLE." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.
- ^ "Post Office Location - DOWNTOWN BROWNSVILLE." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.
- ^ http://www.sph.uth.tmc.edu/brownsville
- ^ "Library Locations and Hours of Operation." Brownsville Public Library System. Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
- ^ "American Eagle Airlines Launches Nonstop Jet Service Between Brownsville, Texas, and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport" (Press release). American Eagle Airlines. 2009-06-11. http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=ind_focus.story&STORY=/www/story/06-11-2009/0005042520&EDATE=l. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- ^ The Brownsville Heritage Complex
- ^ The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Sterling Publishing. 2007. pp. 1789. ISBN 1-4027-4771-3.
- ^ "6 Zetas arrested in death of agent". San Antonio News. February 24, 2011. http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/mexico/article/6-Zetas-arrested-in-death-of-agent-1028116.php.
- ^ "Jaime Zapata, U.S. Immigration And Customs Enforcement Agent, Killed In Mexico". TheHuffingtonPost. Feb. 16, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/16/jamie-zapata-killed-mexico-us-immigration_n_824084.html.
- ^ "The 10 Best College Presidents". Time. 11 November 2009. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1937938_1937933_1937922,00.html.
- ^ [5]
External links[link]
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Brownsville. - City of Brownsville
- Brownsville Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Brownsville Chamber of Commerce
- Brownsville Public Library System
- The Handbook of Texas Online Brownsville, Texas
- National Weather Service - Brownsville
- WikiTravel.org Brownsville, Texas
- [8]
State of TexasAustin (capital)Topics Society Regions - Ark‑La‑Tex
- Big Bend
- Blackland Prairies
- Brazos Valley
- Central Texas
- Coastal Bend
- Cross Timbers
- Deep East Texas
- East Texas
- Edwards Plateau
- Golden Triangle
- Hill Country
- Llano Estacado
- Northeast Texas
- North Texas
- Osage Plains
- Panhandle
- Permian Basin
- Piney Woods
- Rio Grande Valley
- Southeast Texas
- South Plains
- South Texas
- Trans-Pecos
- West Texas
Metropolitan
areas- Abilene
- Amarillo
- Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos
- Beaumont–Port Arthur
- Brownsville–Harlingen
- College Station–Bryan
- Corpus Christi
- Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington
- El Paso
- Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown
- Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood
- Laredo
- Longview
- Lubbock
- McAllen–Edinburg–Mission
- Midland
- Odessa
- San Angelo
- San Antonio–New Braunfels
- Sherman–Denison
- Texarkana
- Tyler
- Victoria
- Waco
- Wichita Falls
Counties There are 254 counties in Texas. (See Table of Texas counties or List.)
A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P Q R S T, U V, W, Z - Phil Dyer
(Plano) - Raul G. Salinas
(Laredo) - Tom Martin
(Lubbock) - Ronald E. Jones
(Garland) - Beth Van Duyne
(Irving) - Debra McCartt
(Amarillo) - Tony Martinez
(Brownsville) - Charles England
(Grand Prairie)
http://wn.com/Brownsville,_Texas
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Brownsville (Texas)
http://es.wn.com/Brownsville
http://ru.wn.com/Браунсвилл (Техас)
http://nl.wn.com/Brownsville (Texas)
http://pt.wn.com/Brownsville (Texas)
http://pl.wn.com/Brownsville (Teksas)
http://fr.wn.com/Brownsville
http://de.wn.com/Brownsville (Texas)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation).State of Texas 
Flag Seal Nickname(s): The Lone Star State Motto(s): Friendship 
Official language(s) No official language
(see Languages spoken in Texas)Spoken language(s) English 68.7%
Spanish 27.0%[1]Demonym Texan
Texian (archaic)
TejanoCapital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex[2] Area Ranked 2nd in the U.S. - Total 268,581[3] sq mi
(696,241 km2)- Width 773[4] miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2.5 - Latitude 25° 50′ N to 36° 30′ N - Longitude 93° 31′ W to 106° 39′ W Population Ranked 2nd in the U.S. - Total 25,674,681 (2011 est)[5] - Density 98.1/sq mi (37.9/km2)
Ranked 26th in the U.S.Elevation - Highest point Guadalupe Peak[6][7][8]
8,751 ft (2667.4 m)- Mean 1,700 ft (520 m) - Lowest point Gulf of Mexico[7]
sea levelBefore statehood Republic of Texas Admission to Union December 29, 1845 (28th) Governor Rick Perry (R) Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst (R) Legislature Texas Legislature - Upper house Senate - Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Kay Bailey Hutchison (R)
John Cornyn (R)U.S. House delegation 23 Republicans, 9 Democrats (list) Time zones - most of state Central: UTC −6/−5 - tip of West Texas Mountain: UTC −7/−6 Abbreviations TX Tex. US-TX Website www.texas.gov Texas (
i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi [9]) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas.[10] Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.[11]During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas.[12] Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the state capital. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify Texas as a former independent republic and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. The "Lone Star" can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal today.[13]
Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, Texas contains diverse landscapes that resemble both the American South and Southwest.[14] Although Texas is popularly associated with the Southwestern deserts, less than 10% of the land area is desert.[15] Most of the population centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests, and the coastline. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend.
The term "six flags over Texas" came from the several nations that had ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas. France held a short-lived colony in Texas. Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state. The state's annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state, Texas declared its secession from the United States in early 1861, joining the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. After the war and its restoration to the Union, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation.
One Texas industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle. Due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The state's economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated an economic boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy and high tech industry in the mid-20th century. As of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57.[16] With a growing base of industry, the state leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace, and biomedical sciences. It leads the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product.
Contents
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of TexasTexas is the second largest U.S. state, behind Alaska, with an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2). It is 10% larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, though it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were a country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile and Zambia.
Texas is in the south-central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers. The Rio Grande river forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south. The Red River forms a natural border with Oklahoma and Arkansas to the north. The Sabine River forms a natural border with Louisiana to the east. The Texas Panhandle has an eastern border with Oklahoma at 100° W, a northern border with Oklahoma at 36°30' N and a western border with New Mexico at 103° W. El Paso lies on the state's western tip at 32° N and the Rio Grande.[17]
With 10 climatic regions, 14 soil regions, and 11 distinct ecological regions, regional classification becomes problematic with differences in soils, topography, geology, rainfall, and plant and animal communities.[18] One classification system divides Texas, in order from southeast to west, into the following: Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Basin and Range Province. The Gulf Coastal Plains region wraps around the Gulf of Mexico on the southeast section of the state. Vegetation in this region consists of thick piney woods. The Interior Lowlands region consists of gently rolling to hilly forested land and is part of a larger pine-hardwood forest. The Great Plains region in central Texas is located in spans through the state's panhandle and Llano Estacado to the state's hill country near Austin. This region is dominated by prairie and steppe. "Far West Texas" or the "Trans-Pecos" region is the state's Basin and Range Province. The most varied of the regions, this area includes Sand Hills, the Stockton Plateau, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands.
File:Lake Alan Henry.jpgLake Alan HenryTexas has 3,700 named streams and 15 major rivers.[19][20] The largest of these rivers is the Rio Grande. Other major rivers include the Pecos, the Brazos, Colorado, and Red River, which forms the border with Oklahoma. While Texas has few natural lakes, Texans have built over 100 artificial reservoirs.[21]
The size and unique history of Texas make its regional affiliation debatable: it can be fairly considered a Southern or a Southwestern state, or both. The vast geographic, economic, and cultural diversity within the state itself prohibits easy categorization of the whole state into a recognized region of the United States. Notable extremes range from East Texas which is often considered an extension of the Deep South, to Far West Texas which is generally acknowledged to be part of the interior Southwest.
Geology[link]
Main article: Geology of Texas
Shaded Relief Map of the Llano EstacadoTexas is the southernmost part of the Great Plains, which ends in the south against the folded Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. The continental crust forms a stable Mesoproterozoic craton which changes across a broad continental margin and transitional crust into true oceanic crust of the Gulf of Mexico. The oldest rocks in Texas date from the Mesoproterozoic and are about 1,600 million years old. These Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks underlie most of the state, and are exposed in three places: Llano uplift, Van Horn, and the Franklin Mountains, near El Paso. Sedimentary rocks overlay most of these ancient rocks. The oldest sediments were deposited on the flanks of a rifted continental margin, or passive margin that developed during Cambrian time. This margin existed until Laurasia and Gondwana collided in the Pennsylvanian subperiod to form Pangea. This is the buried crest of the Appalachian Mountains–Ouachita Mountains zone of Pennsylvanian continental collision. This orogenic crest is today buried beneath the Dallas–Waco—Austin–San Antonio trend.
The late Paleozoic mountains collapsed as rifting in the Jurassic period began to open the Gulf of Mexico. Pangea began to break up in the Triassic, but seafloor spreading to form the Gulf of Mexico occurred only in the mid and late Jurassic. The shoreline shifted again to the eastern margin of the state and the Gulf of Mexico passive margin began to form.
Today 9 miles (14 km) to 12 miles (19 km) of sediments are buried beneath the Texas continental shelf and a large proportion of remaining US oil reserves are located here. At the start of its formation, the incipient Gulf of Mexico basin was restricted and seawater often evaporated completely to form thick evaporite deposits of Jurassic age. These salt deposits formed salt dome diapirs, and are found in East Texas along the Gulf coast.[22]
East Texas outcrops consist of Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments which contain important deposits of Eocene lignite. The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sediments in the north; Permian sediments in the west; and Cretaceous sediments in the east, along the Gulf coast and out on the Texas continental shelf contain oil. Oligocene volcanic rocks are found in far west Texas in the Big Bend area. A blanket of Miocene sediments known as the Ogallala formation in the western high plains region is an important aquifer.[23] Located far from an active plate tectonic boundary, Texas has no volcanoes and few earthquakes.[24]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of TexasFile:Map of Texas precipitations.jpgAverage annual precipitation in TexasFile:Map of Texas temperatures.jpgAverage annual temperature in Texas
Damage from the 1915 Galveston hurricane.The large size of Texas and its location at the intersection of multiple climate zones gives the state highly variable weather. The Panhandle of the state has colder winters than North Texas, while the Gulf Coast has mild winters. Texas has wide variations in precipitation patterns. El Paso, on the western end of the state, averages 8.7 inches (220 mm) of annual rainfall,[25] while parts of southeast Texas average as much as 64 inches (1,600 mm) per year.[26] Dallas in the North Central region averages a more moderate 37 inches (940 mm) per year.
Snow falls multiple times each winter in the Panhandle and mountainous areas of West Texas, once or twice a year in North Texas, and once every few years in Central and East Texas. Snow rarely falls south of San Antonio or on the coast except in rare circumstances. Of note is the 2004 Christmas Eve Snowstorm, when 6 inches (150 mm) of snow fell as far south as Kingsville, where the average high temperature in December is 65 °F.[27]
Maximum temperatures in the summer months average from the 80s °F (26 °C) in the mountains of West Texas and on Galveston Island to around 100 °F (38 °C) in the Rio Grande Valley, but most areas of Texas see consistent summer high temperatures in the 90 °F (32 °C) range.
Night-time summer temperatures range from the upper 50s °F (14 °C) in the West Texas mountains[28] to 80 °F (27 °C) in Galveston.[29]
Thunderstorms strike Texas often, especially the eastern and northern portions of the state. Tornado Alley covers the northern section of Texas. The state experiences the most tornadoes in the United States, an average of 139 a year. These strike most frequently in North Texas and the Panhandle.[30] Tornadoes in Texas generally occur in the months of April, May, and June.[31]
Some of the most destructive hurricanes in U.S. history have impacted Texas. A hurricane in 1875 killed approximately 400 people in Indianola, followed by another hurricane in 1886 that destroyed the town. These events allowed Galveston to take over as the chief port city. The Galveston hurricane of 1900 subsequently devastated that city, killing approximately 8,000 people (possibly as many as 12,000), making it the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Other devastating Texas hurricanes include the 1915 Galveston Hurricane, Hurricane Audrey in 1957 which killed over 600 people, Hurricane Carla in 1961, Hurricane Beulah in 1967, Hurricane Alicia in 1983, Hurricane Rita in 2005, and Hurricane Ike in 2008.[32] Tropical storms have also caused their share of damage: Allison in 1989 and again during 2001, and Claudette in 1979 among them.
Texas emits the most greenhouse gases in the U.S.[33][34][35] The state emits nearly 1.5 trillion pounds (680 billion kg) of carbon dioxide annually. As an independent nation, Texas would rank as the world's seventh-largest producer of greenhouse gases.[34] Causes of the state's vast greenhouse gas emissions include the state's large number of coal power plants and the state's refining and manufacturing industries.[34]
History[link]
Main article: History of TexasHistory of Texas 
This article is part of a seriesTimeline French Texas (1684–1689) Spanish Texas (1690–1821) Mexican Texas (1821–1836) Republic of Texas (1836–1845) Statehood (1845–1860) Civil War Era (1861–1865) Reconstruction and Gilded Age (1865–1899) State of Texas
Texas Portal
Pre-European era[link]
Further information: Pre-Columbian MexicoTexas lies between two major cultural spheres of Pre-Columbian North America: the Southwestern and the Plains areas. Archaeologists have found that three major indigenous cultures lived in this territory, and reached their developmental peak before the first European contact. These were:[36]
- the Pueblo from the upper Rio Grande region, centered west of Texas;
- the Mississippian culture, also known as Mound Builder, which extended along the Mississippi River Valley east of Texas; and
- the civilizations of Mesoamerica, centered south of Texas. Influence of Teotihuacan in northern Mexico peaked around AD 500 and declined over the 8th to 10th centuries.
No culture was dominant in the present-day Texas region, and many peoples inhabited the area.[36] Native American tribes that lived inside the boundaries of present-day Texas include the Alabama, Apache, Atakapan, Bidai, Caddo, Coahuiltecan, Comanche, Choctaw, Coushatta, Hasinai, Jumano, Karankawa, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Tonkawa, and Wichita.[37][38] The name Texas derives from táyshaʔ, a word in the Caddoan language of the Hasinai, which means "friends" or "allies".[3][39][40][41][42]
Whether a Native American tribe was friendly or warlike was critical to the fates of European explorers and settlers in that land.[43] Friendly tribes taught newcomers how to grow indigenous crops, prepare foods, and hunt wild game. Warlike tribes made life difficult and dangerous for Europeans through their attacks and resistance to the newcomers.[44]
Colonization[link]
Flag of the six nations that have had sovereignty over some or all of the current territory of Texas
Texas in 1718, Guillaume de L'Isle map, approximate state area highlighted, northern areas indefinite
Stephen F. Austin was the first American empresario given permission to operate a colony within Mexican Texas.The first historical document related to Texas was a map of the Gulf Coast, created in 1519 by Spanish explorer Alonso Álvarez de Pineda.[45][46] Nine years later, shipwrecked Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his cohort became the first Europeans in Texas.[47][48] Cabeza de Vaca reported that in 1528, when the Spanish landed in Texas, “half the natives died from a disease of the bowels and blamed us.”[49] European powers ignored Texas until accidentally settling there in 1685. Miscalculations by René Robert Cavelier de La Salle resulted in his establishing the colony of Fort Saint Louis at Matagorda Bay rather than along the Mississippi River.[50] The colony lasted only four years before succumbing to harsh conditions and hostile natives.[51]
In 1690 Spanish authorities, concerned that France posed competitive threat, constructed several missions in East Texas.[52] After Native American resistance, the Spanish missionaries returned to Mexico.[53] When France began settling Louisiana, mostly in the southern part of the state, in 1716 Spanish authorities responded by founding a new series of missions in East Texas.[54][55] Two years later, they created San Antonio as the first Spanish civilian settlement in Texas.[56]
Hostile native tribes and distance from nearby Spanish colonies discouraged settlers from moving to Texas. It was one of New Spain's least populated provinces.[57] In 1749, the Spanish peace treaty with the Lipan Apache[58] angered many tribes, including the Comanche, Tonkawa, and Hasinai.[59] The Comanche signed a treaty with Spain in 1785[60] and later helped to defeat the Lipan Apache and Karankawa tribes.[61][62] With more numerous missions being established, priests led a peaceful conversion of most tribes. By the end of the 18th century only a few nomadic tribes had not converted to Christianity.[63]
When the United States purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, American authorities insisted that the agreement also included Texas. The boundary between New Spain and the United States was finally set at the Sabine River in 1819.[64] Eager for new land, many United States settlers refused to recognize the agreement. Several filibusters raised armies to invade Texas.[65] In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence included the Texas territory, which became part of Mexico.[66] Due to its low population, Mexico made the area part of the state of Coahuila y Tejas.[67]
Hoping that more settlers would reduce the near-constant Comanche raids, Mexican Texas liberalized its immigration policies to permit immigrants from outside Mexico and Spain.[68] Under the Mexican immigration system, large swathes of land were allotted to empresarios, who recruited settlers from the United States, Europe, and the Mexican interior. The first grant, to Moses Austin, was passed to his son Stephen F. Austin after his death.
Austin's settlers, the Old Three Hundred, made places along the Brazos River in 1822.[69] Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state, the majority of whom were from the United States.[69][70] The population of Texas grew rapidly. In 1825, Texas had a population of approximately 3,500, with most of Mexican descent.[71] By 1834, Texas had grown to approximately 37,800 people, with only 7,800 of Mexican descent.[72]
Many immigrants openly flouted Mexican law, especially the prohibition against slavery. Combined with United States' attempts to purchase Texas, Mexican authorities decided in 1830 to prohibit continued immigration from the United States.[73] New laws also called for the enforcement of customs duties angering both native Mexican citizens (Tejanos) and recent immigrants.[74]
The Anahuac Disturbances in 1832 were the first open revolt against Mexican rule and they coincided with a revolt in Mexico against the nation's president.[75] Texians sided with the federalists against the current government and drove all Mexican soldiers out of East Texas.[76] They took advantage of the lack of oversight to agitate for more political freedom. Texians met at the Convention of 1832 to discuss requesting independent statehood, among other issues.[77] The following year, Texians reiterated their demands at the Convention of 1833.
Republic[link]
Main articles: Texas Revolution and Republic of Texas
Republic of Texas. The present-day outlines of the U.S. states superimposed on the boundaries of 1836–1845
Proposals of 1850 for Texas northwestern boundaryWithin Mexico, tensions continued between federalists and centralists. In early 1835, wary Texians formed Committees of Correspondence and Safety.[78] The unrest erupted into armed conflict in late 1835 at the Battle of Gonzales.[79] This launched the Texas Revolution, and over the next two months, the Texians successfully defeated all Mexican troops in the region.[80] Texians elected delegates to the Consultation, which created a provisional government.[81] The provisional government soon collapsed from infighting, and Texas was without clear governance for the first two months of 1836.[82][83]
During this time of political turmoil, Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna personally led an army to end the revolt.[84] The Mexican expedition was initially successful. General Jose de Urrea defeated all the Texian resistance along the coast culminating in the Goliad Massacre.[85] Santa Anna's forces, after a thirteen-day siege, overwhelmed Texian defenders at the Battle of the Alamo. News of the defeats sparked panic amongst Texas settlers.[86] The newly elected Texian delegates to the Convention of 1836 quickly signed a Declaration of Independence on March 2, forming the Republic of Texas. After electing interim officers, the Convention disbanded.[87] The new government joined the other settlers in Texas in the Runaway Scrape, fleeing from the approaching Mexican army.[86] After several weeks of retreat, the Texian Army commanded by Sam Houston attacked and defeated Santa Anna's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto.[88] Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign the Treaties of Velasco, ending the war.[89]
While Texas had won their independence, political battles raged between two factions of the new Republic. The nationalist faction, led by Mirabeau B. Lamar, advocated the continued independence of Texas, the expulsion of the Native Americans, and the expansion of the Republic to the Pacific Ocean. Their opponents, led by Sam Houston, advocated the annexation of Texas to the United States and peaceful co-existence with Native Americans. The conflict between the factions was typified by an incident known as the Texas Archive War.[90] Mexico launched two small expeditions into Texas in 1842. The town of San Antonio was captured twice and Texans were defeated in battle in the Dawson Massacre. Despite these successes, Mexico did not keep an occupying force in Texas, and the republic survived.[91] The republic's inability to defend itself added momentum to Texas's eventual annexation into the United States.
Statehood[link]
Main articles: Texas Annexation and Mexican American WarAs early as 1837, the Republic made several attempts to negotiate annexation with the United States.[92] Opposition within the republic from the nationalist faction, along with strong abolitionist opposition within the United States, slowed Texas's admission into the Union. Texas was finally annexed when the expansionist James K. Polk won the election of 1844.[93] On December 29, 1845, Congress admitted Texas to the U.S. as a constituent state of the Union.[94]
After Texas's annexation, Mexico broke diplomatic relations with the United States. While the United States claimed that Texas's border stretched to the Rio Grande, Mexico claimed it was the Nueces River. While the former Republic of Texas could not enforce its border claims, the United States had the military strength and the political will to do so. President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor south to the Rio Grande on January 13, 1846. A few months later Mexican troops routed an American cavalry patrol in the disputed area in the Thornton Affair starting the Mexican-American War. The first battles of the war were fought in Texas: the Siege of Fort Texas, Battle of Palo Alto and Battle of Resaca de la Palma. After these decisive victories, the United States invaded Mexican territory ending the fighting in Texas.[95]
After a series of United States victories, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the two year war. In return, for US$18,250,000, Mexico gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, ceded the Mexican Cession in 1848, most of which today is called the American Southwest, and Texas's borders were established at the Rio Grande.[95]
The Compromise of 1850 set Texas's boundaries at their present form. Texas ceded its claims to land which later became half of present day New Mexico, a third of Colorado, and small portions of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming to the federal government, in return for the assumption of $10 million of the old republic's debt.[17] Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state.[96]
Civil War and Reconstruction[link]
Main article: Texas in the American Civil War
Civil war monument in Galveston, TexasTexas was at war again after the election of 1860. Abraham Lincoln's election triggered South Carolina's declaration of secession from the Union, which was quickly followed by that of five other Lower South states. A State Convention considering secession opened in Austin on January 28, 1861. On February 1, by a vote of 166–8, the Convention adopted an Ordinance of Secession from the United States. Texas voters approved this Ordinance on February 23, 1861. Texas joined the Confederate States of America, ratifying the permanent C.S. Constitution on March 23, 1861.[3][97] Not all Texans favored secession initially, although many of the same would later support the Southern cause. Texas's most notable unionist was the state Governor, Sam Houston. Not wanting to aggravate the situation, Houston refused two offers from President Lincoln for Union troops to keep him in office. After refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, Houston was deposed as governor.[98]
While far from the major battlefields of the American Civil War, Texas contributed large numbers of men and equipment to the rest of the Confederacy.[99] Union troops briefly occupied the state's primary port, Galveston. Texas's border with Mexico was known as the "backdoor of the Confederacy" because trade occurred at the border, bypassing the Union blockade.[100] The Confederacy repulsed all Union attempts to shut down this route,[99] but Texas's role as a supply state was marginalized in mid-1863 after the Union capture of the Mississippi River. The final battle of the Civil War was fought near Brownsville, Texas at Palmito Ranch[101] with a Confederate victory.
Texas descended into anarchy for two months between the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia and the assumption of authority by Union General Gordon Granger. Violence marked the early months of Reconstruction.[102] Juneteenth commemorates the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Galveston by General Gordon Granger, over two and a half years after the original announcement.[103][104] President Johnson, in 1866, declared the civilian government restored in Texas.[105] Despite not meeting reconstruction requirements, Congress readmitted Texas into the Union in 1870. Social volatility continued as the state struggled with agricultural depression and labor issues.[106]
20th century to present[link]
SpindletopOn January 10, 1901, the first major oil well in Texas, Spindletop, was found south of Beaumont. Other fields were later discovered nearby in East Texas, West Texas, and under the Gulf of Mexico. The resulting "Oil Boom" transformed Texas.[107] Oil production eventually averaged three million barrels per day at its peak in 1972.[108]
The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl dealt a double blow to the state's economy, which had significantly improved since the Civil War. Migrants abandoned the worst hit sections of Texas during the Dust Bowl years. Especially from this period on, blacks left Texas in the Great Migration to get work in the Northern United States or California and to escape the oppression of segregation.[109] In 1940, Texas was 74% Anglo, 14.4% black, and 11.5% Hispanic.[110]
World War II had a dramatic impact on Texas, as federal money poured in to build military bases, munitions factories, POW detention camps and Army hospitals; 750,000 young men left for service; the cities exploded with new industry; the colleges took on new roles; and hundreds of thousands of poor farmers left for much better paying war jobs, never to return to agriculture.[111][112]
Texas modernized and expanded its system of higher education through the 1960s. The state created a comprehensive plan for higher education, funded in large part by oil revenues, and a central state apparatus designed to manage state institutions more efficiently. These changes helped Texas universities receive federal research funds.[113]
On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.[114]
Government and politics[link]
The current Texas Constitution was adopted in 1876. Like many states, it explicitly provides for a separation of powers. The state's Bill of Rights is much larger than its federal counterpart, and has provisions unique to Texas.[115]
State government[link]
Main article: Government of TexasSee also: List of Texas state agencies
Texas State Capitol at night.Texas has a plural executive branch system limiting the power of the Governor. Except for the Secretary of State, voters elect executive officers independently; thus candidates are directly answerable to the public, not the Governor.[116] This election system has led to some executive branches split between parties. When Republican President George W. Bush served as Texas's governor, the state had a Democratic Lieutenant Governor, Bob Bullock. The executive branch positions consist of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller of Public Accounts, Land Commissioner, Attorney General, Agriculture Commissioner, the three-member Texas Railroad Commission, the State Board of Education, and the Secretary of State.[116]
The bicameral Texas Legislature consists of the House of Representatives, with 150 members, and a Senate, with 31 members. The Speaker of the House leads the House, and the Lieutenant Governor, the Senate.[117] The Legislature meets in regular session biennially, but the Governor can call for special sessions as often as desired.[118] The state's fiscal year spans from the previous calendar year's September 1 to the current year's August 31. Thus, the FY 2012 dates from September 1, 2011 through August 31, 2012.
The judicial system of Texas is one of the most complex in the United States, with many layers and overlapping jurisdictions. Texas has two courts of last resort: the Texas Supreme Court, for civil cases, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Except for some municipal benches, partisan elections select judges at all levels of the judiciary; the Governor fills vacancies by appointment.[119] Texas leads the nation in executions– 442 as of October 2009 (see Capital punishment in Texas).
The Texas Ranger Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety is a law enforcement agency with statewide jurisdiction. Over the years, the Texas Rangers have investigated crimes ranging from murder to political corruption. They have acted as riot police and as detectives, protected the Texas governor, tracked down fugitives, and functioned as a paramilitary force both for the republic and the state. The Texas Rangers were unofficially created by Stephen F. Austin in 1823 and formally constituted in 1835. The Rangers were part of several important events of Texas history and some of the best-known criminal cases in the history of the Old West.[120]
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of TexasFurther information: Political party strength in TexasTexas Presidential elections results Year Republican Democratic 2008 55.48% 4,467,748 43.72% 3,521,164 2004 61.09% 4,526,917 38.30% 2,832,704 2000 59.30% 3,799,639 38.11% 2,433,746 1996 48.80% 2,736,166 43.81% 2,459,683 1992 40.61% 2,496,071 37.11% 2,281,815 1988 56.01% 3,036,829 43.41% 2,352,748 1984 63.58% 3,433,428 36.18% 1,949,276 1980 55.30% 2,510,705 41.51% 1,881,148 
Lyndon B. Johnson, Texan and 36th president of the United StatesAs in other "Solid South" states, whites resented the Republican Party after the American Civil War, and the Democratic Party dominated Texas politics from the end of Reconstruction until the late 20th century. The state has since become a Republican stronghold.[121]
The Texas political atmosphere leans towards fiscal and social conservatism.[122][123] Since 1980, most Texas voters have supported Republican presidential candidates. In 2000 and 2004, Republican George W. Bush won Texas with 60.1% of the vote, partly due to his "favorite son" status as a former Governor of the state. John McCain won the state in 2008, but with a smaller margin of victory compared to Bush at 55% of the vote. Austin consistently leans Democratic in both local and statewide elections. Counties along the Rio Grande generally vote for Democrats, while most rural and suburban areas of Texas vote Republican.[124][125]
The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by the Republican Tom Delay, was called by the New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering".[126] A group of Democratic legislators, the "Texas Eleven", fled the state in a quorum-busting effort.[127] Despite these efforts, the legislature passed a map heavily in favor of Republicans. Protests of the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, but the ruling went in the Republicans' favor.[128]
As of the general elections of 2010, a large majority of the members of Texas's U.S. House delegation are Republican, along with both U.S. Senators. In the 112th United States Congress, of the 32 Congressional districts in Texas, 23 are held by Republicans and 9 by Democrats. Texas's Senators are Kay Bailey Hutchison and John Cornyn. Since 1994, Texans have not elected a Democrat to a statewide office. The state's Democratic presence comes primarily from some minority groups in East Texas and South Texas as well as urban voters, particularly in Beaumont, El Paso, Austin, San Antonio, Dallas, and Houston.
Administrative divisions[link]
See also: List of Texas countiesTexas has 254 counties— the most nationwide. Each county runs on Commissioners' Court system consisting of four elected commissioners (one from each of four precincts in the county, roughly divided according to population) and a county judge elected at large from the entire county. County government runs similar to a "weak" mayor-council system; the county judge has no veto authority, but votes along with the other commissioners.
Although Texas permits cities and counties to enter "interlocal agreements" to share services, the state does not allow consolidated city-county governments, nor does it have metropolitan governments. Counties are not granted home rule status; their powers are strictly defined by state law. The state does not have townships— areas within a county are either incorporated or unincorporated. Incorporated areas are part of a municipality. The county provides limited services to unincorporated areas. Municipalities are classified either "general law" cities or "home rule".[129] A municipality may elect home rule status once it exceeds 5,000 population with voter approval. Municipal elections are nonpartisan[130] as are elections for school boards and community college districts.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Texas
As of 2010, Texas had a gross state product (GSP) of $1.207 trillion, the second highest in the U.S.[131] Its GSP is comparable to the GDP of India or Canada, which are the world's 12th- and 11th-largest economies, respectively. Texas' economy is the fourth-largest of any country subdivision globally, behind England (as part of the UK), California, and Tokyo Prefecture. Its Per Capita personal income in 2009 was $36,484, ranking 29th in the nation. Texas's large population, abundance of natural resources, thriving cities and leading centers of higher education have contributed to a large and diverse economy. Since oil was discovered, the state's economy has reflected the state of the petroleum industry. In recent times, urban centers of the state have increased in size, containing two-thirds of the population in 2005. The state's economic growth has led to urban sprawl and its associated symptoms.[132]
As of November 2011, the state's unemployment rate is 8.1%.[133]
Texas has a "low taxes, low services" reputation.[122] According to the Tax Foundation, Texans' state and local tax burdens rank among the lowest in the nation, 7th lowest nationally; state and local taxes cost $3,580 per capita, or 8.4% of resident incomes.[134] Texas is one of seven states that lack a state income tax.[134][135] Instead, the state collects revenue from a state property tax and sales tax, which is charged at the rate of 6.25%,[134][136] but local taxing jurisdictions (cities, counties, special purpose districts, and transit authorities) may also impose sales and use tax up to 2% for a total maximum combined rate of 8.25%.[137] Texas is a "tax donor state"; in 2005, for every dollar Texans paid to the federal government in federal income taxes, the state received approximately $0.94 in benefits.[134]
In 2010, Site Selection Magazine ranked Texas as the most business-friendly state in the nation, in part because of the state's three-billion-dollar Texas Enterprise Fund.[138] Texas has the joint-highest number of Fortune 500 company headquarters in the United States, along with California.[139][140]
In 2010, there were 346,000 millionaires in Texas, constituting the second-largest population of millionaires in the nation.[141][142]
Agriculture and mining[link]
File:West Texas Cotton.jpgCotton modules after being harvested in West Texas
An oil well
Brazos Wind Farm in the plains of West Texas
Texas has the most farms and the highest acreage in the United States.[143] Texas leads the nation in livestock production.[143] Cattle is the state's most valuable agricultural product, and the state leads nationally in production of sheep and goat products. Texas leads the nation in production of cotton.[143] The state grows significant amounts of cereal crops and produce.[143] Texas has a large commercial fishing industry. With mineral resources, Texas leads in creating cement, crushed stone, lime, salt, sand and gravel.[143]
Energy[link]
Ever since the discovery of oil at Spindletop, energy has been a dominant force politically and economically within the state.[144] According to the Energy Information Administration, Texans consume the most energy in the nation per capita and as a whole.[145] Unlike the rest of the nation, most of Texas is on its own alternating current power grid, the Texas Interconnection. Texas has a deregulated electric service.
The Railroad Commission of Texas, contrary to its name, regulates the state's oil and gas industry, gas utilities, pipeline safety, safety in the liquefied petroleum gas industry, and surface coal and uranium mining. Until the 1970s, the commission controlled the price of petroleum because of its ability to regulate Texas's oil reserves. The founders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) used the Texas agency as one of their models for petroleum price control.[146]
Texas has known petroleum deposits of about 5 billion barrels (790,000,000 m3), which makes up approximately one-fourth of the known U.S. reserves.[145] The state's refineries can process 4.6 million barrels (730,000 m3) of oil a day.[145] The Baytown Refinery in the Houston area is the largest refinery in America.[145] Texas also leads in natural gas production, producing one-fourth of the nation's supply.[145] Several petroleum companies are based in Texas such as: Conoco-Phillips, Exxon-Mobil, Halliburton, Valero, and Marathon Oil.
The state is a leader in renewable energy sources; it produces the most wind power in the nation.[145][147] The Roscoe Wind Farm in Roscoe, Texas, is the world's largest wind farm as of October 2009 with a 781.5 megawatt (MW) capacity.[148] The Energy Information Administration states that the state's large agriculture and forestry industries could give Texas an enormous amount biomass for use in biofuels. The state also has the highest solar power potential for development in the nation.[145]
Technology[link]
With large universities systems coupled with initiatives like the Texas Enterprise Fund and the Texas Emerging Technology Fund, a wide array of different high tech industries have developed in Texas. The Austin area is nicknamed the "Silicon Hills" and the north Dallas area the "Silicon Prairie". Texas has the headquarters of many high technology companies, such as Dell, Inc., Texas Instruments, Perot Systems, Rackspace and AT&T.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (NASA JSC) located in Southeast Houston, sits as the crown jewel of Texas's aeronautics industry. Fort Worth hosts both Lockheed Martin's Aeronautics division and Bell Helicopter Textron.[149][150] Lockheed builds the F-16 Fighting Falcon, the largest Western fighter program, and its successor, the F-35 Lightning II in Fort Worth.[151]
Commerce[link]
Texas's affluence stimulates a strong commercial sector consisting of retail, wholesale, banking and insurance, and construction industries. Examples of Fortune 500 companies not based on Texas traditional industries are AT&T, Kimberly-Clark, Blockbuster, J. C. Penney, Whole Foods Market, and Tenet Healthcare.[152] Nationally, the Dallas–Fort Worth area, home to the second shopping mall in the United States, has the most shopping malls per capita of any American metropolitan area.[153]
Mexico, the state's largest trading partner, imports a third of the state's exports because of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA has encouraged the formation of controversial maquiladoras on the Texas/Mexico border.[154]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Texas
Texas population density mapThe United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Texas was 25,674,681 on July 1, 2011, a 2.10% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[5] The state's rate of natural increase (births and deaths) since the last census was 1,389,275 people, immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 801,576 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 451,910 people.[3] As of 2004, the state had 3.5 million foreign-born residents (15.6 percent of the state population), of which an estimated 1.2 million are illegal aliens. Texas from 2000–2006 had the fastest growing illegal immigration rate in the nation.[155] In 2010, illegal aliens constituted an estimated 6.0% of the population. This was the fifth highest percentage of any state in the country.[156][157]
Texas's population density is 34.8 persons/km2 which is slightly higher than the average population density of the US as a whole, at 31 persons/km2. In contrast, while Texas and France are similarly sized geographically, the European country has a population density of 116 persons/km2.
Two-thirds of all Texans live in a major metropolitan area such as Houston. The Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area is the largest in Texas. While Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest city in the United States, the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area is considerably larger than that of Houston.
Historical populations Census Pop. %± 1850 212,592 — 1860 604,215 184.2% 1870 818,579 35.5% 1880 1,591,749 94.5% 1890 2,235,527 40.4% 1900 3,048,710 36.4% 1910 3,896,542 27.8% 1920 4,663,228 19.7% 1930 5,824,715 24.9% 1940 6,414,824 10.1% 1950 7,711,194 20.2% 1960 9,579,677 24.2% 1970 11,196,730 16.9% 1980 14,229,191 27.1% 1990 16,986,510 19.4% 2000 20,851,820 22.8% 2010 25,145,561 20.6% Race and ethnicity[link]
According to the 2010 United States census, the racial and ethnic composition of Texas was the following:
- White: 70.4% (Non-Hispanic Whites: 45.3%)
- Black or African American: 11.8%
- Native American: 0.7%
- Asian: 3.8% (1.0% Indian, 0.8% Vietnamese, 0.6% Chinese, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.2% Pakistani, 0.07% Japanese, 0.05% Laotian, 0.05% Cambodian)
- Pacific Islander: 0.1% (0.02% Guamanian, 0.01% Samoan, 0.01% Tongan, 0.01% Native Hawaiian)
- Some other race: 10.5%
- Two or more races: 2.7%
- Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 37.6% (31.6% Mexican, 0.5% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban)
White Americans are the racial majority in Texas. However, non-Hispanic whites represent roughly 48% of the population; therefore, Texas is a minority-majority state. Just over 17,020,000 Texans are white (both non-Hispanic and Hispanic), and roughly 11.4 million are non-Hispanic whites. German, Irish, and English Americans are the three largest European ancestry groups in Texas. German Americans make up 11.3% of the population, and number over 2.7 million members. Irish Americans make up 8.2% of the population, and number over 1.9 million members. There are roughly 600,000 French Americans and 472,000 Italian Americans residing in Texas; these two ethnic groups make up 2.5% and 2.0% of the population respectively. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Texas was English with 3,083,323 Texans citing that they were of English or mostly English ancestry making them 27% of the state at the time.[158] Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominately English stock.
Black Americans are the largest racial minority in Texas. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 11.5% of the population; blacks of non-Hispanic origin form 11.3% of the populace. Black Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin number at roughly 2.7 million individuals.
Native Americans are a smaller minority in the state. Native Americans make up 0.5% of Texas' population, and number over 118,000 individuals. Native Americans of non-Hispanic origin make up 0.3% of the population, and number over 75,000 individuals. Cherokee Indians made up 0.1% of the population, and numbered over 19,400 members. In contrast, only 583 were identified as Chippewa.
Asian Americans are a sizable minority group in Texas. Americans of Asian descent form 3.8% of the population, with those of non-Hispanic descent making up 3.7% of the populace. Altogether, they number over 808,000 individuals. Non-Hispanic Asians number over 795,000. Just over 200,000 Indians make Texas their home. Texas is also home to over 187,000 Vietnamese and 136,000 Chinese. In addition to 92,000 Filipinos and 62,000 Koreans, there are 18,000 Japanese Americans living in the state. Lastly, over 111,000 people are of other Asian ancestry groups, such as Cambodian, Thai, and Hmong. Sugar Land, a city within the Houston metropolitan area, and Plano, located within the Dallas metropolitan area, both have high concentrations of Chinese and Korean residents. The Houston and Dallas areas, and to a lesser extent, the Austin metropolitan area, all contain substantial Vietnamese communities.
Americans with origins from the Pacific are the smallest minority in Texas. According to the survey, only 18,000 Texans are Pacific Islanders; 16,400 are of non-Hispanic descent. There are roughly 5,400 Native Hawaiians, 5,300 Guamanians, and 6,400 people from other groups. Samoan Americans were very scant; only 2,920 people were from this group. The city of Euless, a suburb of Fort Worth, contains a sizable population of Tongan Americans, at nearly 900 people, over one percent of the city's population. Killeen has a sufficient population of Samoans and Guamanian, and people of Pacific Islander descent surpass one percent of the city's population.
Multiracial individuals are also a visible minority in Texas. People of multiracial heritage form 1.9% of the population, and number over 448,000 people. Almost 80,000 Texans claim European and African heritage, and make up 0.3% of the population. People of European and Native American heritage number over 108,800 (close to the number of Native Americans), and make up 0.5% of the population. People of European and Asian heritage number over 57,600, and form just 0.2% of the population. People of African and Native American heritage were even smaller in number (15,300), and make up just 0.1% of the total population.
Hispanics and Latinos are the second largest group in Texas after non-Hispanic European Americans. Over 8.5 million people claim Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This group forms 36% of Texas' population. People of Mexican descent alone number over 7.3 million, and make up 30.7% of the population. Over 104,000 Puerto Ricans live in the state. Roughly 38,000 Cubans reside in the state. Over 1.1 million people (4.7% of the population) are of varying Hispanic and Latino ancestries, such as Costa Rican, Venezuelan, and Argentine.[159][160]
German descendants inhabit much of central and southeast-central Texas. Over one-third of Texas residents are of Hispanic origin;[161] while many have recently arrived, some Tejanos have ancestors with multi-generational ties to 18th century Texas. In addition to the descendants of the state's former slave population, many African American college graduates have come to the state for work recently in the New Great Migration.[162] Recently, the Asian population in Texas has grown—primarily in Houston and Dallas. Other communities with a significantly growing Asian American population is in Austin, Corpus Christi, and the Sharyland area next McAllen, Texas. Currently, three federally recognized Native American tribes reside in Texas: the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe, the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe, and the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo.[38]
In 2010, 49% of all births were Hispanics; 35% were non-Hispanic whites; 11.5% were non-Hispanic blacks, and 4.3% were Asians/Pacific Islanders.[163] Based on Census Bureau data released at Medio February 2011, for the first time in recent history, Texas' white population is below 50 percent (45 percent) and Hispanics grew to 38 percent. Between 2000 and 2010, the total population growth by 20.6 percent, but Hispanics growth by 65 percent, whereas non-Hispanic whites only grew by 4.2 percent.[164]
Cities and towns[link]
See also: List of cities in Texas, List of counties in Texas, List of Texas metropolitan areas, and Population of Texas cities in 2000The state has three cities with populations exceeding one million: Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas.[165] These three rank among the 10 most populous cities of the United States. As of 2000, six Texas cities had populations greater than 500,000 people. Austin, Fort Worth, and El Paso are among the 25 largest U.S. cities. Texas has four metropolitan areas with populations greater than a million: Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, San Antonio–New Braunfels, and Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos. The Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston metropolitan areas number about 6.3 million and 5.7 million residents, respectively. Three interstate highways—I-35 to the west (Dallas–Fort Worth to San Antonio, with Austin in between), I-45 to the east (Dallas to Houston), and I-10 to the south (San Antonio to Houston) define the Texas Urban Triangle region. The region of 60,000 square miles (160,000 km2) contains most of the state's largest cities and metropolitan areas as well as 17 million people, nearly 75 percent of Texas's total population.[166] Houston and Dallas have been recognized as beta world cities.[167] These cities are spread out amongst the state. Texas has 254 counties, which is more than any state by 95 (Georgia).[168]
In contrast to the cities, unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty.[169] As of 2007, Texas had at least 2,294 colonias, located primarily along the state's 1,248-mile (2,008 km) border with Mexico.[169] Texas has the largest concentration of people, approximately 400,000, living in colonias.
Largest cities or towns of Texas
Source:[170]Rank City name County Pop. 
Houston
1 Houston Harris 2,099,451 
Dallas
2 San Antonio Bexar 1,327,407 3 Dallas Dallas 1,197,816 4 Austin Travis 790,390 5 Fort Worth Tarrant 741,206 6 El Paso El Paso 649,121 7 Arlington Tarrant 365,438 8 Corpus Christi Nuences 305,215 9 Plano Collin 259,841 10 Laredo Webb 236,091 Religion[link]
Religion[171] Roman Catholic 28% Baptist 21% No religion 11% Methodist 8% Christian—Others 7% Lutheran 3% Pentecostal 3% Presbyterian 2% Non-denominational 2% Mormon 2% Episcopalian 1% Islam 1% Jehovah's Witnesses 1% Assemblies of God 1% Church of God 1% Other 2% 
The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2000 were the Roman Catholic Church with 4,368,969; the Southern Baptist Convention with 3,519,459; and the United Methodist Church with 1,022,342.[172]
Known as the buckle of the Bible Belt, East Texas is socially conservative.[173] Dallas-Fort Worth is home to three major evangelical seminaries and a host of monasteries. Lakewood Church in Houston, boasts the largest attendance in the nation averaging more than 43,000 weekly.[174] Lubbock, according to local lore, has the most churches per capita in the nation.[173]
Adherents of many non-Christian religions reside predominantly in the urban centers of Texas. In 1990, the Islamic population stood at approximately 140,000 with more recent figures putting the current population of Muslims between 350,000 to 400,000.[175] The Jewish population stands at around 128,000.[176] Approximately 146,000 adherents of non-Abrahamic religions such as Hinduism and Sikhism live in Texas.[177]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of TexasSee also: List of people from Texas and List of Texas symbols
The Alamo is one of the most recognized symbols of Texas.Historically, the whole of Texas culture comes from a blend of Southern (Dixie), Western (frontier), and Southwestern (Mexican/Anglo fusion) influences, varying in degrees of such from one intrastate region to another. A popular food item, the breakfast burrito, draws from all three, having a soft flour tortilla wrapped around bacon and scrambled eggs or other hot, cooked fillings. Adding to Texas's traditional culture, established in the 18th and 19th centuries, immigration has made Texas a melting pot of cultures from around the world.
Arts[link]
Further information: Music of Texas
Houston is one of only five American cities with permanent professional resident companies in all of the major performing arts disciplines: the Houston Grand Opera, the Houston Symphony Orchestra, the Houston Ballet, and The Alley Theatre.[178] Known for the vibrancy of its visual and performing arts, the Houston Theatre District—a 17-block area in the heart of Downtown Houston— ranks second in the country in the number of theater seats in a concentrated downtown area, with 12,948 seats for live performances and 1,480 movie seats.[178]
Founded in 1892, Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, also called "The Modern", is Texas's oldest art museum. Fort Worth also has the Kimbell Art Museum, the Amon Carter Museum, the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame, the Will Rogers Memorial Center, and the Bass Performance Hall downtown. The Arts District of Downtown Dallas has arts venues such as the Dallas Museum of Art, the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, the Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House, the Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art, and the Nasher Sculpture Center.[179]
The Deep Ellum district within Dallas became popular during the 1920s and 1930s as the prime jazz and blues hotspot in the Southern United States. The name Deep Ellum comes from local people pronouncing "Deep Elm" as "Deep Ellum".[180] Artists such as Blind Lemon Jefferson, Robert Johnson, Huddie "Leadbelly" Ledbetter, and Bessie Smith played in early Deep Ellum clubs.[181]
Austin, The Live Music Capital of the World, boasts "more live music venues per capita than such music hotbeds as Nashville, Memphis, Los Angeles, Las Vegas or New York City."[182] The city's music revolves around the nightclubs on 6th Street; events like the film, music, and multimedia festival South by Southwest; the longest-running concert music program on American television, Austin City Limits; and the Austin City Limits Music Festival held in Zilker Park.[183]
Since 1980, San Antonio has evolved into the "The Tejano Music Capital Of The World."[184] The Tejano Music Awards have provided a forum to create greater awareness and appreciation for Tejano music and culture.[185]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in TexasThe second president of the Republic of Texas, Mirabeau B. Lamar, is the Father of Texas Education. During his term, the state set aside three leagues of land in each county for equipping public schools. An additional 50 leagues of land set aside for the support of two universities would later become the basis of the state's Permanent University Fund.[186] Lamar's actions set the foundation for a Texas-wide public school system.[187] Texas ranked 29th in the American Legislative Exchange Council's Report Card on American Education. Texas students ranked higher than average in mathematics, but lower in reading. Between 2006–2007, Texas spent $7,275 per pupil ranking it below the national average of $9,389. The pupil/teacher ratio was 14.9, below the national average of 15.3. Texas paid instructors $41,744, below the national average of $46,593. The state provided 88.0% of the funding for education, the federal government 12.0%.[188]
The Texas Education Agency (TEA) administers the state's public school systems. Texas has over 1,000 school districts- all districts except the Stafford Municipal School District are independent from municipal government and many cross city boundaries.[189] School districts have the power to tax their residents and to assert eminent domain over privately owned property. Due to court-mandated equitable school financing for school districts, the state has a controversial tax redistribution system called the"Robin Hood plan". This plan transfers property tax revenue from wealthy school districts to poor ones.[190] The TEA has no authority over private or home school activities.[191]
Students in Texas take the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) in primary and secondary school. TAKS assess students' attainment of reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies skills required under Texas education standards and the No Child Left Behind Act. In spring 2007, Texas legislators replaced the TAKS for freshmen in the 2011–2012 school year and onward with End of Course exams for core high school classes.[192]
Colleges and universities[link]
Further information: List of colleges and universities in TexasTexas's controversial alternative affirmative action plan, Texas House Bill 588, guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities. The bill encourages diversity while avoiding problems stemming from the Hopwood v. Texas (1996) case.
Six state university systems and four independent public universities exist in Texas.[193][194] Discovery of minerals on Permanent University Fund land, particularly oil, has helped fund the rapid growth the state's largest university systems: University of Texas and Texas A&M. The PUF principal in fall 2005 was approximately $15 billion, second in size only to Harvard University's endowment.[186][195] The other four university systems are the University of Houston, the University of North Texas, Texas State, and Texas Tech.
Texas has three nationally recognized top-tier public research universities: The University of Texas at Austin, Texas A&M University, and the University of Houston.[196][197][198][199] The University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University are flagship universities of the state of Texas. Both were established by the Texas Constitution and hold stakes in the Permanent University Fund. The state has been putting effort to expand the number of flagship universities by elevating some of its seven institutions designated as "emerging research universities." The two that are expected to emerge first are the University of Houston and Texas Tech University, likely in that order according to discussions during the 82nd Texas Legislature.[200]
The state is home to many private institutions ranging from liberal arts colleges to a nationally recognized top-tier research university. Rice University in Houston is one of the leading teaching and research universities of the United States and is ranked the nation's 17th-best overall university by U.S. News & World Report.[201]
Sam Houston State University was the first college established in Texas specifically for training teachers. Sam Houston State is located in Huntsville, Texas, which is were Texas Hero Sam Houston died. Additionally, Trinity University, a private, primarily undergraduate liberal arts university in San Antonio, has ranked first among universities granting primarily bachelor's and select master's degrees in the western United States for 20 consecutive years by U.S. News.[202] The former republic chartered the private universities Baylor University, University of Mary Hardin–Baylor, and Southwestern University.[203][204]
Universities in Texas currently host two presidential libraries: George Bush Presidential Library at Texas A&M University and the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum at The University of Texas at Austin. An agreement has been reached to create a third; the George W. Bush Presidential Library at Southern Methodist University.
Healthcare[link]
See also: List of hospitals in TexasThe Commonwealth Fund ranks the Texas healthcare system the third worst in the nation.[205] Texas ranks close to last in access to healthcare, quality of care, avoidable hospital spending, and equity among various groups.[205] Causes of the state's poor rankings include politics, a high poverty rate, and the highest rate of illegal immigration in the nation.[155] In May 2006, Texas initiated the program "code red" in response to the report that the state had 25.1% of the population without health insurance, the largest proportion in the nation.[206] Texas also has controversial non-economic damages caps for medical malpractice lawsuits, set at $250,000, in an attempt to "curb rising malpractice premiums, and control escalating healthcare costs".[207]
The Trust for America's Health ranked Texas 15th highest in adult obesity, with 27.2% of the state's population measured as obese.[208] The 2008 Men's Health obesity survey ranked four Texas cities among the top 25 fattest cities in America; Houston ranked 6th, Dallas 7th, El Paso 8th, and Arlington 14th.[209] Texas had only one city, Austin, ranked 21st, in the top 25 among the "fittest cities" in America.[209] The same survey has evaluated the state's obesity initiatives favorably with a "B+".[209] The state is ranked forty-second in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise.[210]
Medical research[link]
Aerial of Texas Medical Center in HoustonMany elite research medical centers are located in Texas. The state has nine medical schools,[211] three dental schools,[212] and two optometry schools.[213] Texas has two Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories: one at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston,[214] and the other at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antonio—the first privately owned BSL-4 lab in the United States.[215]
The Texas Medical Center in Houston, holds the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions, with 47 member institutions.[216] Texas Medical Center performs the most heart transplants in the world.[217] The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston is a highly regarded academic institution that centers around cancer patient care, research, education and prevention.[218]
San Antonio's South Texas Medical Center facilities rank sixth in clinical medicine research impact in the United States.[219] The University of Texas Health Science Center is another highly ranked research and educational institution in San Antonio.[220][221]
Both the American Heart Association and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center call Dallas home. The Southwestern Medical Center ranks "among the top academic medical centers in the world".[222] The institution's medical school employs the most medical school Nobel laureates in the world.[222][223]
Environment[link]
Texas emits far more greenhouse gases than any other state, with Port Arthur having some of the dirtiest air in the United States. In 2010, there were 2,553 "emission events" which poured 44.6 million pounds of contaminants in the Texas sky.[224]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Texas
Texans have historically had difficulties traversing Texas due to the state's large size and rough terrain. Texas has compensated by building both America's largest highway and railway systems in terms of length. The regulatory authority, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) maintains the state's immense highway system, regulates aviation,[225] and public transportation systems.[226] Located centrally in North America, the state is an important transportation hub. From the Dallas/Fort Worth area, trucks can reach 93% of the nation's population within 48 hours, and 37% within 24 hours.[227] Texas has 33 foreign trade zones (FTZ), the most in the nation.[228] In 2004, a combined total of $298 billion of goods passed though Texas FTZs.[228]
Highways[link]
Main article: Texas state highwaysTexans have heavily traveled their freeways since the 1948 opening of the Gulf Freeway in Houston.[229] As of 2005, 79,535 miles (127,999 km) of public highway crisscrossed Texas (up from 71,000 miles (114,263 km) in 1984).[230] To fund recent growth in the state highways, Texas has 17 toll roads (see list) with several additional tollways proposed.[231] In west Texas, both I-10 and I-20 have speed limits of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h), the highest in the nation.[232] All federal and state highways in Texas are paved.
In March 2011, Texas ranked as a bottom-ten "Worst" state (tied with Montana and North Dakota) in the American State Litter Scorecard, presented at the American Society for Public Administration national conference. Public roadways in the Lone Star State suffer from an overall poor quality of landscape cleanliness, attributed to ineffective roadside and adjacent property litter/debris abatement standards, seemingly politicized procedural efforts, and other relevant public performance indicators.[233]
Airports[link]
See also: List of airports in TexasTexas has 730 airports, second most of any state in the nation. Largest in Texas by size and passengers served, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) is the second largest by area in the United States, and fourth in the world with 18,076 acres (73.15 km2).[234] In traffic, DFW is the busiest in the state and the fourth in the United States,[235] and sixth worldwide.[236] AMR Corporation's American / American Eagle, the world's third largest airline in total passengers-miles transported (after Delta and United) and passenger fleet size,[237] uses DFW as its largest and main hub. Southwest Airlines, also headquartered in Dallas, has its operations currently at Dallas Love Field.[238] It ranks as the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried.[239]
Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) with. It serves as Houston based Continental Airlines's largest hub. IAH offers service to the most Mexican destinations of any U.S. airport.[240][241] The next four largest airports in the state all serve over 4 million passengers annually; they include:Austin-Bergstrom International Airport, William P. Hobby Airport, San Antonio International Airport, and Dallas Love Field. The smallest airport in the state to be designated an international airport is Del Rio International Airport.
Ports[link]
Main article: List of ports in the United StatesAround 1,150 seaports dot Texas's coast with over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of channels.[242] Ports employ nearly one-million people and handle an average of 317 million metric tons.[243] Texas ports connect with the rest of the U.S. Atlantic seaboard with the Gulf section of the Intracoastal Waterway.[242] The Port of Houston today is the busiest port in the United States in foreign tonnage, second in overall tonnage, and tenth worldwide in tonnage.[244] The Houston Ship Channel currently spans 530 feet (160 m) wide by 45 feet (14 m) deep by 50 miles (80 km) long.[245]
Railroads[link]
See also: List of Texas railroadsPart of the state's tradition originates from cattle drives in which drovers herded livestock to railroads in Kansas. The first railroad to operate in Texas was the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway, opening in August 1853.[246] The first railroad to enter Texas from the north, completed in 1872, was the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad.[247] Since 1911, Texas has led the nation in railroad length. Texas railway length peaked in 1932 at 17,078 miles (27,484 km), but declined to 14,006 miles (22,540 km) by 2000. While the Railroad Commission of Texas originally regulated state railroads, in 2005 the state reassigned these duties to TxDOT.[248]
Both Dallas and Houston feature light rail systems. Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) built the first light rail system in the Southwest United States.[249] The Trinity Railway Express (TRE) commuter rail service that links Fort Worth and Dallas is provided by the Fort Worth Transportation Authority (the T) and DART.[250] In the Austin area Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates a commuter rail service known as Capital MetroRail to the northwestern suburbs. The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) operates light rail lines in the Houston area.
Amtrak provides Texas limited intercity passenger rail service both in size and frequency. Just three scheduled routes serve the state: the daily Texas Eagle (Chicago–San Antonio); the tri-weekly Sunset Limited (New Orleans–Los Angeles), with stops in Texas; and the daily Heartland Flyer (Fort Worth–Oklahoma City).
-
Terminal D at DFW Airport in Dallas.
-
Terminal E at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston.
-
Port of Houston along the Houston Ship Channel
-
METRORail in Houston
-
DART Rail in Dallas
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in TexasFurther information: List of Texas sports teams, and List of University Interscholastic League eventsWhile American football has long been considered "king" in the state, Texans today enjoy a wide variety of sports.[251]
Texans can cheer for a plethora of professional sports teams. Within the "Big Four" professional leagues, Texas has two NFL teams (the Dallas Cowboys and the Houston Texans), two Major League Baseball teams (the Texas Rangers and the Houston Astros), three NBA teams (the Houston Rockets, the San Antonio Spurs, and the Dallas Mavericks), and one National Hockey League team (the Dallas Stars). The Dallas – Fort Worth Metroplex is one of only thirteen American metropolitan areas that hosts sports teams from all the "Big Four" professional leagues. Outside of the "Big Four" leagues, Texas also has one WNBA team (the San Antonio Silver Stars) and two Major League Soccer teams (the Houston Dynamo and FC Dallas).
Collegiate athletics have deep significance in Texas culture, especially football. The state has ten Division I-FBS schools, the most in the nation. Four of the state's universities, the Baylor Bears, Texas Longhorns, Texas A&M Aggies, and Texas Tech Red Raiders, compete in the major athletics conference in the area, the Big 12 Conference. The TCU Horned Frogs will join the Big 12 in the summer of 2011, while Texas A&M Aggies depart for the Southeastern Conference. The Houston Cougars and the SMU Mustangs will join the Big East Conference in 2013. Four of the state's schools claim at least one national championship in football: the Texas Longhorns, the Texas A&M Aggies, the TCU Horned Frogs, and the SMU Mustangs.
According to a survey of Division I-A coaches the rivalry between the University of Oklahoma and the University of Texas, the Red River Shootout, ranks the third best in the nation.[252] The TCU Horned Frogs and SMU Mustangs also share a rivalry and compete annually in the Battle for the Iron Skillet. A fierce rivalry, the Lone Star Showdown, also exists between the state's two largest universities, Texas A&M University and the University of Texas. The athletics portion of the Lone Star Showdown rivalry will be put on hold when the Texas A&M Aggies join Southeastern Conference.
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) organizes most primary and secondary school competitions. Events organized by UIL include contests in athletics (the most popular being high school football) as well as artistic and academic subjects.[253]
Texans also enjoy the rodeo. The world's first rodeo was hosted in Pecos, Texas.[254] The annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo is the largest rodeo in the world. It begins with trail rides that originate from several points throughout the state that convene at Reliant Park.[255] The Southwestern Exposition and Livestock Show in Fort Worth is the oldest continuously running rodeo incorporating many of the state's most historic traditions into its annual events. Dallas hosts the State Fair of Texas each year at Fair Park.[256]
From 2012 Austin will play host to a round of the Formula 1 World Championship[257]—the first at a permanent road circuit in the United States since the 1980 Grand Prix at Watkins Glen International
-
Cowboys Stadium, home of the Dallas Cowboys.
-
2006 Lone Star Showdown football game at Darrell K. Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium
-
Playoff game between the San Antonio Spurs and the Los Angeles Lakers in 2007.
-
The Ballpark in Arlington, home of the Texas Rangers.
See also[link]
- Outline of Texas
- Index of Texas-related articles
- Gulf of Mexico
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Texas
- List of people from Texas
- US state
Footnotes[link]
- ^ Texas — Languages. MLA. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=48&mode=state_tops&ll=all. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Estimates". US Census. April 4, 2007. http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/CBSA-est2006-pop-chg.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Facts". Texas Almanac. 2008. http://www.texasalmanac.com/facts/. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ^ "Environment". Texas Almanac. 2008. Archived from the original on March 17, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080317214833/http://www.texasalmanac.com/environment/. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "El Capitan". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=CD0994. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ "Alabama Dictionary". http://www.ling.unt.edu/~montler/Alabama/Dictionary/. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ Texas, origin of name Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Announces 2010 Census Population Counts – Apportionment Counts Delivered to President". Press Release. U.S. Census Bureau. December 21, 2010. http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ^ Teja, Jesús de la. "New Philippines". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/usn01.
- ^ "Introduction to Texas". Netstate.com. http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/tx_intro.htm. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ Sansom, Andrew: Water in Texas: An Introduction, University of Texas Press, 2008, pg. 25
- ^ Dingus, Anne: The dictionary of Texas misinformation, Gulf Publishing Company, 1987
- ^ CNN.com, Retrieved November 2010.
- ^ a b Compromise of 1850 from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "Tx Envionmental Profiles". Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080603175718/http://www.texasep.org/html/lnd/lnd_1reg.html. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
- ^ "Rivers in Texas". Tpwd.state.tx.us. November 16, 2007. http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/habitats/rivers/. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ Hal P. Bybee. "Handbook of Texas Rivers". Tshaonline.org. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/RR/rnr7.html. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ "Alphabetical List of Texas Lakes". Tpwd.state.tx.us. January 28, 2010. http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/fishboat/fish/recreational/lakes/lakelist.phtml. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ Muzzafar, Asif. Timing of Diapir Growth and Cap Rock Formation, Davis Hill Salt Dome, Coastal Texas [1] The Geological Society of America. . Retrieved July 22, 2008.
- ^ "Ogallala Aquifer". North Plains Groundwater Conservation District. http://www.npwd.org/new_page_2.htm. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
- ^ "Earthquakes". Jackson School of Geosciences – University of Texas. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080501011850/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/compendium/earthquakes.htm. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ "History : Weather Underground". Wunderground.com. December 24, 2008. http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KNQI/2008/12/24/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Marfa, Texas". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTX0830?from=search. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Galveston, Texas". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTX0499?from=search. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
- ^ NOOA.gov National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on October 24, 2006.
- ^ Weather from the Handbook of Texas Online Accessed July 22, 2008
- ^ Blake, Eric S.; Rappaport, Edward N., Landsea, Christopher W. (April 15, 2007). "The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006" (PDF). National Weather Service: National Hurricane Center. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (June 4, 2007). "Blame Coal: Texas Leads in Overall Emissions". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2007-06-04-state-emissions_N.htm. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
- ^ a b c "Texas No. 1 producer of greenhouse gases". Associated Press. Dallas Morning News. June 3, 2007. http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/stories/060307dnnatemissions.3c1df3a.html. Retrieved June 11, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Texas Is No. 1 Carbon Polluter In U.S.". CBS News. Associated Press. January 16, 2008. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/16/tech/main3720823.shtml?source=RSSattr=SciTech_3720823.
- ^ a b Richardson (2005), p. 9.
- ^ Richardson (2005), pp 10–16
- ^ a b Native Americans from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Fry, Phillip L.. "Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. ","". http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/TT/pft4.html. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ^ Richardson, p 1
- ^ "Texas". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Texas. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
- ^ Wallace Chafe, p.c.
- ^ Richardson, p 10
- ^ Rupert N. Richardson, Adrian Anderson, Cary D. Wintz & Ernest Wallace, Texas: the Lone Star State, 9th edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 0131835505, pp.10–16
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 243.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 34.
- ^ Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Spanish Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "The Journey of Alvar Nuńez Cabeza de Vaca"
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 149.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 83.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 89.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 155.
- ^ Chipman (1992), pp. 111–112.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 160.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 163.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 205.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 193.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 189.
- ^ Weddle (1995), p. 163.
- ^ Weddle (1995), p. 164.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 200.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 202.
- ^ Weber (1992), pp. 291–299.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 46.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 300.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), p. 162.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), p. 164.
- ^ a b Manchaca (2001), p. 198.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), p. 199.
- ^ Edmondson (2000), p. 75.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), pp. 172, 201.
- ^ Edmondson (2000), p. 78.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 77.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 85.
- ^ Davis (2006), pp. 86–9.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 92.
- ^ Huson (1974), p. 4.
- ^ Hardin (1994), p. 12.
- ^ Barr (1990), p. 64.
- ^ Winders (2004), p. 72.
- ^ Winders (2004), pp. 90, 92.
- ^ Hardin (1994), p. 109.
- ^ Hardin (1994), p. 102.
- ^ Roell, Craig. Battle of Coleto. Handbook of Texas. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/CC/qec1.html.
- ^ a b Todish et al. (1998), p. 68.
- ^ Roberts and Olson (2001), p. 144.
- ^ Todish et al. (1998), p. 69.
- ^ Todish et al. (1998), p. 70.
- ^ "The Archives War". Texas Treasures- The Republic. The Texas State Library and Archives Commission. November 2, 2005. http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/treasures/republic/archwar/archwar.html. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ Calvert, R.; De Léon, A.; Cantrell, G. (2002). The History of Texas. Wheeling, Illinois: Harlan Davidson
- ^ Richard Bruce Winders, Crisis in the Southwest: The United States, Mexico, and the Struggle over Texas (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002), p. 41.
- ^ Buescher, John. "Senatorial Division", Teachinghistory.org, accessed August 21, 2011.
- ^ Annexation from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ a b Mexican War from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Cotton Culture from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Secession Convention from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Sam Houston from the Handbook of Texas Online Accessed January 14, 2009
- ^ a b Civil War from the Handbook of Texas Online Accessed January 14, 2009
- ^ Federal Writers' Project (December, 1997). Texas, A Guide to the Lone Star State: Brownsville. Native American Books Distributor. p. 206. ISBN 0-403-02192-8. http://books.google.com/?id=zUI26u0B_VEC&pg=PA206&lpg=PA206&dq=texas+back+door+confederacy.
- ^ Battle of Palmito Ranch from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Civil War from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "Historical Barriers to Voting". Texas Politics. University of Texas. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/6_5_3.html. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
- ^ Juneteenth from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Johnson, Andrew (August 20, 1866). "Proclamation Declaring the Insurrection at an End". American Historical Documents. President of the United States. http://www.bartleby.com/43/42.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Restoration from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Spindletop Oilfield from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Oil and Gas Industry from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ African Americans from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- ^ Cal Jillson (2011). "Texas Politics: Governing the Lone Star State". Taylor & Francis. p.11. ISBN 0-415-89060-8
- ^ Ward Lee, James; et al. (1991). Texas Goes to War: 1941.
- ^ Fairchild, Louis; Charlton, Thomas L. (1993). They Called It the War Effort: Oral Histories from World War II Orange, Texas.
- ^ Blanton, Carlos Kevin (2005). "The Campus and the Capitol: John B. Connally and the Struggle over Texas Higher Education Policy, 1950–1970". Southwestern Historical Quarterly 108 (4): 468–497. ISSN 0038–478X.
- ^ Rivers, William L.; Greenberg, B. (1977). Kennedy Assassination and the American Public: Social Communication in Crisis. p. 187.
- ^ "Bill of Rights (Article 1)". Texas Politics. University of Texas. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/7_4_2.html. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
- ^ a b "The Plural Executive". Texas Politics. University of Texas. 2005. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/1_9_0.html. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
- ^ "Membership". Texas Politics. University of Texas. 2005. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/2_2_4.html. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ "Special Sessions". Texas Politics. University of Texas. 2005. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/2_2_2.html. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ Judiciary from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Texas Rangers from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved January 14, 2009.
- ^ Risen, Clay (March 5, 2006). "How the South was won". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/03/05/how_the_south_was_won/. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ^ a b "Texas Political Culture – Introduction". Texas Politics. University of Texas. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/10_1_0.html. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
- ^ "Texas Political Culture – Low Taxes, Low Services Political Culture". Texas Politics. University of Texas. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/10_2_1.html. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
- ^ "2000 Presidential General Election Results – Texas". uselectionatlas.org. http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2000&fips=48&f=1&off=0&elect=0. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
- ^ "2004 Presidential General Election Results – Texas". uselectionatlas.org. http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2004&fips=48&f=1&off=0&elect=0. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
- ^ "The Texas Gerrymander". New York Times. March 1, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/opinion/01wed2.html. Retrieved January 7, 2009.
- ^ Ridder, Knight (July 29, 2003). "11 Texas Senate Democrats Take Cue from House, Bolt to Avoid Redistricting". Houston Chronicle. http://www.allbusiness.com/government/elections-politics-politics-political-parties/10366221-1.html. Retrieved January 7, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ The Associated Press (June 28, 2006). "Justices Back Most G.O.P. Changes to Texas Districts". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/28/washington/28cnd-scotus.html. Retrieved June 28, 2006.
- ^ McDonald, John V., "An Analysis of Texas' Municipal Home Rule Charters Since 1994" (2000). Applied Research Projects. Paper 124. Txstate.edu
- ^ "Run for Party Nomination to Public Office". Texas Politics. University of Texas. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/4_6_2.html. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ "Economic Geography". Texas Politics. University of Texas. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/9_3_2.html. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
- ^ "Local Area Unemployment Statistics". Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstch.htm. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Texas". Research Areas. The Tax Foundation. 2010. http://www.taxfoundation.org/research/topic/60.html. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
- ^ "State Individual Income Taxes". Federation of Tax Administrators. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081003052903/http://www.taxadmin.org/fta/rate/ind_inc.html. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ "Why does Texas (Taxus) have the highest property taxes and 3rd highest sales tax?". Alltaxtips.com. May 9, 2011. http://alltaxtips.com/why-does-texas-taxus-have-the-highest-property-taxes-and-3rd-highest-sales-tax/. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ "FAQ: Texas Sales Tax". Window.state.tx.us. http://www.window.state.tx.us/taxinfo/sales/faq_collect.html. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- ^ "Site Selection Rankings". http://greyhill.com/site-selection-rankings/. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
- ^ "Fortune 500 2010: States: Texas Companies - FORTUNE on CNNMoney.com". CNN. May 3, 2010. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/states/TX.html. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ "Fortune 500 2010: States: California Companies - FORTUNE on CNNMoney.com". CNN. May 3, 2010. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/states/CA.html. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ Second to California
- ^ Scott, Walter (May 2, 2010). "Personality Parade". Parade Magazine. p. 2.
- ^ a b c d e "The Texas Economy". netstate.com. June 5, 2007. http://www.netstate.com/economy/tx_economy.htm. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ^ Ramos, Mary G.. "Oil and Texas: A Cultural History". Texas Almanac 2008–2009. The Texas State Historical Association. http://www.texasalmanac.com/history/highlights/oil/. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Petroleum Profile: Texas". Energy Information Administration. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=TX. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
- ^ Railroad Commission from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Souder, Elizabeth (01/08). "Texas leads nation in wind power capacity". Dallas Morning News. http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/011808dnbuswindpower.30c78959.html.
- ^ O'Grady, Eileen (October 1, 2009). "E.ON completes world's largest wind farm in Texas". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN3023624320091001. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
- ^ "Locations". Lockheed Martin. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080422122219/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/aeronautics/about/Locations.html. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ "About Bell Helicopter". Bell Helicopter. http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ Rosenwald, Michael S. (December 17, 2007). "Downside of Dominance?". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/16/AR2007121601522.html. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ "Texas". Fortune Magazine. April 30, 2007. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/states/TX.html. Retrieved May 3, 2008.
- ^ "Dallas Shopping" (PDF). Dallas Convention & Visitors Bureau. http://www.visitdallas.com/downloads/1224091342.02416300_679fbde386/DallasShopping.pdf. Retrieved February 20, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Recent Economic Transformations". Texas Politics. University of Texas. http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/9_3_3.html. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
- ^ a b Roberson, Jason (December 4, 2008). "Politics, poverty, immigration entangle Texas health care". Dallas Morning News. http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/bus/stories/120407dnbustexashealth.29ab7e6.html.
- ^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). "New Arizona law puts police in 'tenuous' spot". Washington Post (Washington, DC): pp. A4. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/29/AR2010042904970.html?sid=ST2010042905051.
- ^ behind Nevada, Arizona, California, and New Jersey
- ^ http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf
- ^ "Texas – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". Factfinder.census.gov. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US48&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- ^ "Texas – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2006–2008". Factfinder.census.gov. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US48&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- ^ "Texas QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". US Census. 2006. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=04000US48&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US48&_street=&_county=&_cityTown=&_state=04000US48&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=040&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
- ^ William H. Frey, "The New Great Migration: Black Americans' Return to the South, 1965–2000", May 2004, The Brookings Institution, p.1. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
- ^ "Hispanics make up nearly half of all Texas births in 2010, U.S. says". Statesman.com. November 17, 2011
- ^ Majority of Texas' population growth is Hispanic
- ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (CSV). 2005 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. June 10, 2008. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2006–01.csv. Retrieved June 10, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Neuman, Michael. "The Texas Urban Triangle: Framework for Future Growth". Southwest Region University Transportation Center (SWUTC). http://swutc.tamu.edu/projectdescriptions/167166.htm. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
- ^ "GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2008". Globalization and World Cities Research Network. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
- ^ "Counties of the U.S". Spiritus-temporis.com. http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/counties-of-the-united-states/number-of-counties-per-state.html. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- ^ a b Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Office of Community Affairs. "Colonias FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions)". Texas Secretary of State. http://www.sos.state.tx.us/border/colonias/faqs.shtml. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ Brinkhoff, Thomas (Febraury 19, 2011). "Texas (USA): State, Major Cities, Towns & Places". City Population. http://www.citypopulation.de/USA-Texas.html. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
- ^ American Religious Identification Survey, 2001
- ^ "State Membership Report – Texas". Association of Religion Data Archives. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/48_2000.asp. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
- ^ a b Connolly, Ceci (January 21, 2003). "Texas Teaches Abstinence, With Mixed Grades". Washington Post. pp. A01. http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12589&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Top 100 Largest Churches in America". SermonCentral.com. April 13, 2009. http://www.sermoncentral.com/articleb.asp?article=Top-100-Largest-Churches. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ "Texas Online: Muslim growth adds to Texas diversity". Texanonline.net. http://www.texanonline.net/special-reports/muslim-growth-adds-to-texas-diversity. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ Storey, John Woodrow; Kelley; Mary L. (2008). Twentieth-century Texas: a social and cultural history. University of North Texas Press. p. 145.
- ^ Lindsey, William D.; Silk, Mark : Religion and public life in the southern crossroads: showdown states, Altamira Press, 2004, pg. 48
- ^ a b "About Houston Theater District". Houston Theater District. Archived from the original on February 29, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080229033851/http://www.houstontheaterdistrict.org/en/cms/?68. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Dallas Arts District". Dallas Convention & Visitors Bureau. http://www.visitdallas.com/visitors/listing-details?id=492. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
- ^ Deep Ellum from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "Dallas History Items: Deep Ellum". Dallas Historical Society. http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/deep_ellum.htm. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
- ^ "Live Music Capital of the World". City of Austin. http://www.cityofaustin.org/music/. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
- ^ Bernardini, Deb. "Television's longest running concert series begins season 33 Tapings with performances by Norah Fones, Wilco, Femi Kuti, Arcade Fire and more" (PDF). http://dbmpr.com/pressroom/acl/ACLFinalPR.doc.pdf. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
- ^ "About The Texas Talent Musicians Association (TTMA)". Texas Talent Musicians Association. http://www.tejanomusicawards.com/about.html. Retrieved August 2, 2009.
- ^ "Tejano Music Awards". Texas Talent Musicians Association. 2008. http://www.tejanomusicawards.com/. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
- ^ a b Smyrl, Vivian Elizabeth. "Permanent University Fund". TSHA Online. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/PP/khp2.html. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^ Hendrickson (1995), p. 37.
- ^ "Texas" (PDF). Report Card on American Education: A State By State Analysis 15th Edition. American Legislative Exchange Council. 2008. http://www.alec.org/am/pdf/states/texas08.pdf. Retrieved August 26, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Comptroller Strayhorn to Review Stafford Municipal School District" (Press release). Texas Comptroller Carole Keeton Strayhorn. September 16, 2003. http://www.cpa.state.tx.us/news/30916stafford.html. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
- ^ Saghaye-Biria, Hakimeh (April 22, 2001). "Robin Hood Plan is Working". World Internet News Cooperative. http://soc.hfac.uh.edu/artman/publish/article_137.shtml. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
- ^ "Home School Information Letter". Texas Education Agency. 2007-11-01. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/home.school/homeltr.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ Texas Education Agency (October 22, 2007). "End-of-Course (EOC) Assessments: Implementation". Assessment Division. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/admin/eoc/index.html. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
- ^ Heath, Ben (July 7, 2003). "Bill requires review of university systems" (PDF). Daily Texan. http://www.utsystem.edu/news/clips/dailyclips/2003/0706-0712/UTSystem-DT-BillRequires-070703.pdf. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
- ^ "Senate Subcommittee on Higher Education Testimony Regarding the Benefits of a Stand Alone Institution" (PDF). Sam Houston State University. June 25, 2008. http://www.senate.state.tx.us/75r/Senate/commit/c535/20080625/062508_SFA_Testimony_Dr_Pattillo.pdf. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ "2007 NACUBO Endowment Study" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers. http://www.nacubo.org/Images/All%20Institutions%20Listed%20by%20FY%202007%20Market%20Value%20of%20Endowment%20Assets_2007%20NES.pdf. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
- ^ Bonnin, Richard. "Carnegie Foundation Gives University of Houston its Highest Classification for Research Success, Elevating UH to Tier One Status". University of Houston. http://www.uh.edu/news-events/stories/2011articles/Jan2011/011811CarnegieTierOne.php. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ^ "UH achieves Tier One status in research". Houston Business Journal. January 21, 2011. http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/print-edition/2011/01/21/uh-achieves-tier-one-status-in-research.html. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ "UH takes big step up to Tier One status". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7386162.html. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ "University of Houston named Tier One school for research activity". KHOU.com. http://www.khou.com/news/local/University-of-Houston-named-Tier-One-school-for-research-activity-114137594.html. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ "Tier-One Prize Money Tentatively Passes House". http://www.texastribune.org/texas-education/higher-education/tier-one-prize-money-tentatively-passes-house-/. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
- ^ "Rice University, Best Colleges 2009". – US News and World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/college/items/3604. Retrieved March 27, 2009.
- ^ "Trinity University". Best Colleges 2011 – US News and World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/regional-universities-west. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ^ "About Baylor". Baylor University. http://www.baylor.edu/about/. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
- ^ "Southwestern History". Southwestern University. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071024123018/http://www.southwestern.edu/about/about-history.html. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ a b Perotin, Maria M. (June 13, 2007). "Texas is Near Bottom of Healthcare Rankings". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. http://www.insurancenewsnet.com/article.asp?a=top_lh&id=80824. Retrieved April 22, 2008.
- ^ "Code Red: The Critical Condition of Health in Texas". http://www.coderedtexas.org/. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Odom, Lamar; Garcia, Anthony; Milburn, Pamela (2005). The Ethicality of Capping Non-Economic Damages to Control Rising Healthcare Costs: Panacea or False and Misleading Practice?. 3 (1 ed.). The Internet Journal of Healthcare Administration. DOI:10.1108/13660750510611170. ISSN 1366-0756. http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijhca/vol3n1/capping.xml. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Texas". State Data. Trust for America's Health. 2008. http://healthyamericans.org/states/states.php?measure=highschooloverweight&sort=data. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
- ^ a b c "America's Fittest Cities 2007". Men's Health. 2008. Archived from the original on March 13, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080313161801/http://www.mensfitness.com/city_rankings/462. Retrieved April 21, 2008.
- ^ Statemaster.com, Accessed May 16, 2007
- ^ "Texas Medical Schools and Hospitals". Texas Medical Association. August 3, 2006. http://www.texmed.org/Template.aspx?id=86. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Dental Schools in the United States". Dentist.net. http://www.dentist.net/dentalschools.asp. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ^ "Accreditation Council on Optometric Education". American Optometric Association. http://www.aoa.org/x12702.xml. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
- ^ "University Selects Bioscrypt for Biosafety Level 4 Lab". Bioscrypt. October 14, 2004. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071117074008/http%3A//www.bioscrypt.com/news/press/item-728/. Retrieved April 29, 2006.
- ^ "Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) Laboratory". Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research. http://www.sfbr.org/pages/about_resources2.php. Retrieved April 29, 2006.
- ^ "About the Texas Medical Center". The Texas Medical Center. http://www.texmedctr.tmc.edu/root/en/GetToKnow/AboutTMC/About+the+TMC.htm. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
- ^ "Background Statistics > People and Politics (most recent) by state". State Master. May 8, 2008. http://www.statemaster.com/graph/bac_bac-background-people-and-politics. Retrieved May 8, 2008.
- ^ "About MD Anderson". The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. http://www.mdanderson.org/about_mda/. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Health Science Center ranks sixth in clinical medicine. XL (7 ed.). University of Texas Health Science Center. April 3, 2007. http://www.uthscsa.edu/hscnews/singleformat.asp?newID=2353. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "International report gives Dental School high marks". HSC NEWS. http://www.uthscsa.edu/hscnews/singleformat.asp?newID=1742. Retrieved May 15, 2008.
- ^ "Medical center's research ranks high". San Antonio Express-News. http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/MYSA040407_medical_center_EN_2dc65c3e_html751.html. Retrieved May 15, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ a b "About UT Southwestern". University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/home/about/index.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "UT Southwestern Fact Sheet" (PDF). University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. 2008. http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/vgn/images/portal/cit_56417/43/32/2800592006_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Living, and coughing, downwind of Texas smoke stacks". November 10, 2011. http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/11/10/living-and-coughing-downwind-of-texas-smoke-stacks/.
- ^ "Aviation Division". Texas Department of Transportation. http://www.txdot.gov/business/aviation/default.htm. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
- ^ "Transportation Division". Texas Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.state.tx.us/services/public_transportation/default.htm. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ^ "5 Reasons To Choose the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex As A Distribution Hub" (PDF). JDF Distribution. http://jdfdistribution.com/pdf/dallas-for-distribution.pdf?doc=dfd.pdf. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
- ^ a b "Texas and General Foreign Trade Zones Information". Office of the Governor of Texas. August 2007. http://www.texasone.us/site/DocServer/Texas_FTZs_Document_2007.pdf?docID=2221. Retrieved June 21, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Interstate 45 South, the Gulf Freeway". TexasFreeway.com. May 28, 2001. http://www.texasfreeway.com/Houston/photos/45s/i45s.shtml. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
- ^ "LoneStarRoads – Highways of Texas". AARoads. February 9, 2008. http://www.aaroads.com/texas/. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
- ^ "Global List of Toll Facilities – United States". International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association. 2005. http://www.ibtta.org/Information/content.cfm?ItemNumber=2530. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
- ^ "Texas Raises Rural Speed Limits to 80 MPH". FOXNews.com / Associated Press. May 8, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,197072,00.html. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
- ^ S. Spacek, 2011 American State Litter Scorecard: New Rankings for an Increasingly Environmentally Concerned Populace.
- ^ "Facts about DFW". Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. http://www.dfwairport.com/visitor/index.php?ctnid=24254. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
- ^ Jennifer LeClaire. "10 Great Places for Aviation and Aerospace". Southern Business and Development. http://www.sb-d.com/archivesite/www.sb-d.com/issues/spring2007/features/10GreatPlacesForAviationAndAerospace.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport". USAToday. http://destinations.usatoday.com/dallas/. Retrieved April 28, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "American airlines information pictures and facts". aviationexplorer.com. April 11, 2008. http://www.aviationexplorer.com/american_airlines.htm. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "We Weren't Just Airborne Yesterday". Southwest Airlines. May 2, 2007. http://www.southwest.com/about_swa/airborne.html. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
- ^ International Air Transport Association. "Scheduled Passengers Carried". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928064050/http%3A//www.iata.org/pressroom/wats/wats_passengers_carried.htm. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
- ^ "About George Bush Intercontinental Airport". Houston Airport System. http://www.houstonairportsystem.org/iahAbout. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
- ^ "Houston Emerges As The Premier Gateway In The U.S. For Travelers To Mexico" (Press release). Houston Airport System. April 12, 2005. http://www.fly2houston.com/0/8178/0/1906D1940/. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
- ^ a b "About Texas Ports". Texas Ports Association. http://www.texasports.org/. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
- ^ "Benefits of Texas Ports". Texas Ports Association. http://www.texasports.org/benefits/. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
- ^ "General Information". The Port of Houston Authority. March 31, 2008. http://www.portofhouston.com/geninfo/overview1.html. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
- ^ "Welcome to the Houston-Galveston Navigation Channel Project Online Resource Center" (description), United States Army Corps of Engineers, December 2005, United States Army Corps of Engineers
- ^ George C. Werner. "Handbook of Texas Online – Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway". Tshaonline.org. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/BB/eqb16.html. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ Donovan L. Hofsommer. "Handbook of Texas Online – Missouri-Kansas-Texas railroad". Tshaonline.org. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/MM/eqm8.html. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ "Former Rail Division". Texas Railroad Commission. October 1, 2005. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080506073304/http%3A//www.rrc.state.tx.us/divisions/rail_moved/index.html%3F/rail.html. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
- ^ Myerson, Allen R. (June 14, 1996). "Dallas Opening Southwest's First Rail Transit". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01EFD81739F937A25755C0A960958260. Retrieved May 11, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Trinity Railroad Express". http://www.trinityrailwayexpress.org/. Retrieved June 11, 2008.
- ^ Brady, Erik (April 4, 2003). "Football still king, but hoops teams in Texas grab attention". USA TODAY. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2003-04-03-texas-double_x.htm. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ Davis, Brian (October 7, 2005). "UT-OU : Best Rivalry?". Dallas Morning News. http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/colleges/redrivershootout/texas/stories/100705dnspofbwnewrivalrylede.1c8619ce.html. Retrieved July 11, 2006. [dead link]
- ^ "University Interscholastic League". University of Texas. http://www.uil.utexas.edu/. Retrieved September 28, 2008.
- ^ "View Atlas Data". Atlas.thc.state.tx.us. http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/viewform.asp?atlas_num=5389005909&site_name=World's+First+Rodeo&class=5000. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ "Houston Rodeo Tickets". Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo. 2008. http://www.reliantpark.com/. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
- ^ "Fair Park, Texas". City of Dallas. http://www.dallascityhall.com/FairPark/art_architectural.html. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ "Formula One returns to the United States". Formula 1 Administration Ltd. http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2010/5/10824.html. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
References[link]
- Chipman, Donald E. (1992). Spanish Texas, 1519–1821. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-77659-4.
- Davis, William C. (2006). Lone Star Rising. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-532-5. originally published 2004 by New York: Free Press
- Edmondson, J.R. (2000). The Alamo Story-From History to Current Conflicts. Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press. ISBN 1-55622-678-0.
- Hendrickson, Kenneth E., Jr. (1995). The Chief of Executives of Texas: From Stephen F. Austin to John B. Connally, Jr.. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-641-9.
- Hardin, Stephen L. (1994). Texian Iliad. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73086-1.
- Huson, Hobart (1974). Captain Phillip Dimmitt's Commandancy of Goliad, 1835–1836: An Episode of the Mexican Federalist War in Texas, Usually Referred to as the Texian Revolution. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co..
- Lack, Paul D. (1992). The Texas Revolutionary Experience: A Political and Social History 1835–1836. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-497-1.
- Manchaca, Martha (2001). Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans. The Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long Series in Latin American and Latino Art and Culture. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-75253-9.
- Todish, Timothy J.; Todish, Terry; Spring, Ted (1998). Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press. ISBN 978-1-57168-152-2.
- report of President's Commission on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. (1992). The Warren Commission Report. Warren Commission Hearings. IV. National Archives. ISBN 0-312-08257-6. http://www.jfk-assassination.de/warren/index.php.
- Weber, David J. (1992). The Spanish Frontier in North America. Yale Western Americana Series. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05198-0.
- Weddle, Robert S. (1995). Changing Tides: Twilight and Dawn in the Spanish Sea, 1763–1803. Centennial Series of the Association of Former Students Number 58. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-661-3.
- Winders, Richard Bruce (2004). Sacrificed at the Alamo: Tragedy and Triumph in the Texas Revolution. Military History of Texas Series: Number Three. Abilene, TX: State House Press. ISBN 1-880510-80-4.
External links[link]
Find more about Texas on Wikipedia's sister projects: 
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary 
Images and media from Commons 
Learning resources from Wikiversity 
News stories from Wikinews 
Quotations from Wikiquote 
Source texts from Wikisource 
Textbooks from Wikibooks - Texas at the Open Directory Project
- The Texas State History Museum
- The Handbook of Texas Online—Published by the Texas State Historical Association
- Texas Register, hosted by the University of North Texas Libraries
- Texas travel guide from Wikitravel
- South and West Texas: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
- Texas Heritage Society
Geographic data related to Texas at OpenStreetMap- View historical photographs at the University of Houston Digital Library.
- State government
- The State of Texas
- Texas State Databases—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Texas state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
- Texas Politics. An online textbook from the College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas.
- U.S. Government
- Energy Profile for Texas- Economic, environmental, and energy data
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Texas
- Texas State Facts
- South and West Texas, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
Preceded by
FloridaList of U.S. states by date of statehood
Admitted on December 29, 1845 (28th)Succeeded by
Iowa
Colorado
Oklahoma
Arkansas
New Mexico
Louisiana
Texas: Outline • Index East
Chihuahua
Coahuila • 
Nuevo León • 
Tamaulipas
MexicoGulf of Mexico Articles Related to Texas
The Lone Star State State of TexasAustin (capital)Topics Society Regions - Ark‑La‑Tex
- Big Bend
- Blackland Prairies
- Brazos Valley
- Central Texas
- Coastal Bend
- Cross Timbers
- Deep East Texas
- East Texas
- Edwards Plateau
- Golden Triangle
- Hill Country
- Llano Estacado
- Northeast Texas
- North Texas
- Osage Plains
- Panhandle
- Permian Basin
- Piney Woods
- Rio Grande Valley
- Southeast Texas
- South Plains
- South Texas
- Trans-Pecos
- West Texas
Metropolitan
areas- Abilene
- Amarillo
- Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos
- Beaumont–Port Arthur
- Brownsville–Harlingen
- College Station–Bryan
- Corpus Christi
- Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington
- El Paso
- Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown
- Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood
- Laredo
- Longview
- Lubbock
- McAllen–Edinburg–Mission
- Midland
- Odessa
- San Angelo
- San Antonio–New Braunfels
- Sherman–Denison
- Texarkana
- Tyler
- Victoria
- Waco
- Wichita Falls
Counties There are 254 counties in Texas. (See Table of Texas counties or List.)
Counties of Texas- Anderson
- Andrews
- Angelina
- Aransas
- Archer
- Armstrong
- Atascosa
- Austin
- Bailey
- Bandera
- Bastrop
- Baylor
- Bee
- Bell
- Bexar
- Blanco
- Borden
- Bosque
- Bowie
- Brazoria
- Brazos
- Brewster
- Briscoe
- Brooks
- Brown
- Burleson
- Burnet
- Caldwell
- Calhoun
- Callahan
- Cameron
- Camp
- Carson
- Cass
- Castro
- Chambers
- Cherokee
- Childress
- Clay
- Cochran
- Coke
- Coleman
- Collin
- Collingsworth
- Colorado
- Comal
- Comanche
- Concho
- Cooke
- Coryell
- Cottle
- Crane
- Crockett
- Crosby
- Culberson
- Dallam
- Dallas
- Dawson
- Deaf Smith
- Delta
- Denton
- DeWitt
- Dickens
- Dimmit
- Donley
- Duval
- Eastland
- Ector
- Edwards
- Ellis
- El Paso
- Erath
- Falls
- Fannin
- Fayette
- Fisher
- Floyd
- Foard
- Fort Bend
- Franklin
- Freestone
- Frio
- Gaines
- Galveston
- Garza
- Gillespie
- Glasscock
- Goliad
- Gonzales
- Gray
- Grayson
- Gregg
- Grimes
- Guadalupe
- Hale
- Hall
- Hamilton
- Hansford
- Hardeman
- Hardin
- Harris
- Harrison
- Hartley
- Haskell
- Hays
- Hemphill
- Henderson
- Hidalgo
- Hill
- Hockley
- Hood
- Hopkins
- Houston
- Howard
- Hudspeth
- Hunt
- Hutchinson
- Irion
- Jack
- Jackson
- Jasper
- Jeff Davis
- Jefferson
- Jim Hogg
- Jim Wells
- Johnson
- Jones
- Karnes
- Kaufman
- Kendall
- Kenedy
- Kent
- Kerr
- Kimble
- King
- Kinney
- Kleberg
- Knox
- Lamar
- Lamb
- Lampasas
- La Salle
- Lavaca
- Lee
- Leon
- Liberty
- Limestone
- Lipscomb
- Live Oak
- Llano
- Loving
- Lubbock
- Lynn
- Madison
- Marion
- Martin
- Mason
- Matagorda
- Maverick
- McCulloch
- McLennan
- McMullen
- Medina
- Menard
- Midland
- Milam
- Mills
- Mitchell
- Montague
- Montgomery
- Moore
- Morris
- Motley
- Nacogdoches
- Navarro
- Newton
- Nolan
- Nueces
- Ochiltree
- Oldham
- Orange
- Palo Pinto
- Panola
- Parker
- Parmer
- Pecos
- Polk
- Potter
- Presidio
- Rains
- Randall
- Reagan
- Real
- Red River
- Reeves
- Refugio
- Roberts
- Robertson
- Rockwall
- Runnels
- Rusk
- Sabine
- San Augustine
- San Jacinto
- San Patricio
- San Saba
- Schleicher
- Scurry
- Shackelford
- Shelby
- Sherman
- Smith
- Somervell
- Starr
- Stephens
- Sterling
- Stonewall
- Sutton
- Swisher
- Tarrant
- Taylor
- Terrell
- Terry
- Throckmorton
- Titus
- Tom Green
- Travis
- Trinity
- Tyler
- Upshur
- Upton
- Uvalde
- Val Verde
- Van Zandt
- Victoria
- Walker
- Waller
- Ward
- Washington
- Webb
- Wharton
- Wheeler
- Wichita
- Wilbarger
- Willacy
- Williamson
- Wilson
- Winkler
- Wise
- Wood
- Yoakum
- Young
- Zapata
- Zavala
Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Texas- Phil Dyer
(Plano) - Raul G. Salinas
(Laredo) - Tom Martin
(Lubbock) - Ronald E. Jones
(Garland) - Beth Van Duyne
(Irving) - Debra McCartt
(Amarillo) - Tony Martinez
(Brownsville) - Charles England
(Grand Prairie)
Central Business Districts of Texas's ten largest cities (2010)- Downtown Houston
- Downtown San Antonio
- Downtown Dallas
- Downtown Austin
- Downtown Fort Worth
- Downtown El Paso
- Downtown Arlington
- Downtown Corpus Christi
- Downtown Plano
- Downtown Laredo
States - Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Federal district Insular areas Outlying islands History Timeline - Pre-Columbian era
- Colonial era (Thirteen Colonies, Colonial American military history)
- American Revolution (War)
- Federalist Era
- War of 1812
- Territorial acquisitions
- Territorial evolution
- Mexican–American War
- Civil War
- Reconstruction era
- Indian Wars
- Gilded Age
- African-American Civil Rights Movement (1896–1954)
- Spanish–American War
- Imperialism
- World War I
- Roaring Twenties
- Great Depression
- World War II (Home front)
- Cold War
- Korean War
- Space Race
- African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)
- Feminist Movement
- Vietnam War
- Post-Cold War (1991–present)
- War on Terror (War in Afghanistan, Iraq War)
- Timeline of modern American conservatism
Topics Federal
governmentLaw Legislature - Congress Judiciary - Supreme Court Executive - President Intelligence Uniformed Services Politics Geography Economy Society Topics Social class Culture Issues Coordinates: 31°N 100°W / 31°N 100°W / 31; -100
http://wn.com/Texas
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Texas
http://es.wn.com/Texas
http://ru.wn.com/Техас
http://cs.wn.com/Texas
http://pt.wn.com/Texas
http://pl.wn.com/Teksas
http://hi.wn.com/टॅक्सस
http://it.wn.com/Texas
http://id.wn.com/Texas
http://nl.wn.com/Texas (staat)
http://fr.wn.com/Texas
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named John Milton, see John Milton (disambiguation).John Milton 
Portrait of John Milton in National Portrait Gallery, London ca. 1629. Unknown artist (detail)Born (1608-12-09)9 December 1608
Bread Street, Cheapside, London, EnglandDied 8 November 1674(1674-11-08) (aged 65)
Bunhill, London, EnglandResting place St Giles-without-Cripplegate Occupation Poet, prose polemicist, civil servant Language English (L1), Latin, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Spanish, Aramaic, Syriac Alma mater Christ's College, University of Cambridge Signature 
John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, a scholarly man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth (republic) of England under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost.
Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day. Writing in English, Latin, and Italian, he achieved international renown within his lifetime, and his celebrated Areopagitica, (written in condemnation of pre-publication censorship) is among history's most influential and impassioned defenses of free speech and freedom of the press.
William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author",[1] and he remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language";[2] though critical reception has oscillated in the centuries since his death (often on account of his republicanism). Samuel Johnson praised Paradise Lost as "a poem which...with respect to design may claim the first place, and with respect to performance, the second, among the productions of the human mind". Though Johnson (a Tory and recipient of royal patronage) described his politics as those of an "acrimonious and surly republican".
Because of his republicanism, Milton has been the subject of centuries of British partisanship (a "nonconformist" biography by John Toland, a hostile account by Anthony à Wood etc.).
Contents
Biography[link]
The phases of Milton's life parallel the major historical and political divisions in Stuart Britain. Under the increasingly personal rule of Charles I and its breakdown in constitutional confusion and war, Milton studied, travelled, wrote poetry mostly for private circulation, and launched a career as pamphleteer and publicist. Under the Commonwealth of England, from being thought dangerously radical and even heretical, the shift in accepted attitudes in government placed him in public office, and he even acted as an official spokesman in certain of his publications. The Restoration of 1660 deprived Milton, now completely blind, of his public platform, but this period saw him complete most of his major works of poetry.
Milton's views developed from his very extensive reading, as well as travel and experience, from his student days of the 1620s to the English Revolution.[3] By the time of his death in 1674, Milton was impoverished and on the margins of English intellectual life, yet unrepentant for his political choices, and of Europe-wide fame.
Early life[link]
Main article: Early life of John MiltonJohn Milton was born on Bread Street, London, on 9 December 1608, as the son of the composer John Milton and his wife Sarah Jeffrey. The senior John Milton (1562–1647) moved to London around 1583 after being disinherited by his devout Catholic father, Richard Milton, for embracing Protestantism. In London, the senior John Milton married Sarah Jeffrey (1572–1637), the poet's mother, and found lasting financial success as a scrivener.[4] He lived in, and worked from, a house on Bread Street, where the Mermaid Tavern was located in Cheapside. The elder Milton was noted for his skill as a musical composer, and this talent left Milton with a lifetime appreciation for music and friendship with musicians such as Henry Lawes.[5]
Blue plaque in Bread Street, London, where Milton was bornMilton's father's prosperity provided his eldest son with a private tutor, Thomas Young, and then a place at St Paul's School in London. There he began the study of Latin and Greek, and the classical languages left an imprint on his poetry in English (he wrote also in Italian and Latin). His first datable compositions are two psalms done at age 15 at Long Bennington. One contemporary source is the Brief Lives of John Aubrey, an uneven compilation including first-hand reports. In the work, Aubrey quotes Christopher, Milton's younger brother: "When he was young, he studied very hard and sat up very late, commonly till twelve or one o'clock at night".[6]
Milton matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1625 and graduated with a B.A. in 1629,[7] ranking fourth of 24 honours graduates that year in the University of Cambridge.[8] Preparing to become an Anglican priest, he stayed on to obtain his Master of Arts degree on 3 July 1632.
Milton was probably rusticated for quarrelling in his first year with his tutor, William Chappell. He was certainly at home in the Lent Term 1626; there he wrote his Elegia Prima, a first Latin elegy, to Charles Diodati, a friend from St Paul's. Based on remarks of John Aubrey, Chappell "whipt" Milton.[6] This story is now disputed. Certainly Milton disliked Chappell.[9] Christopher Hill cautiously notes that Milton was "apparently" rusticated, and that the differences between Chappell and Milton may have been either religious or personal, as far as we can know.[10] Another factor, possibly, was the plague, by which Cambridge was badly affected in 1625. Later in 1626 Milton's tutor was Nathaniel Tovey.
At Cambridge Milton was on good terms with Edward King, for whom he later wrote Lycidas. He also befriended Anglo-American dissident and theologian, Roger Williams. Milton tutored Williams in Hebrew in exchange for lessons in Dutch.[11] Otherwise at Cambridge he developed a reputation for poetic skill and general erudition, but experienced alienation from his peers and university life as a whole. Watching his fellow students attempting comedy upon the college stage, he later observed 'they thought themselves gallant men, and I thought them fools'.[12] Milton, due to his hair, which he wore long, and his general delicacy of manner, was known as the "Lady of Christ's".
Milton was disdainful of the university curriculum, which consisted of stilted formal debates on abstruse topics, conducted in Latin. His own corpus is not devoid of humour, notably his sixth prolusion and his epitaphs on the death of Thomas Hobson. While at Cambridge he wrote a number of his well-known shorter English poems, among them On the Morning of Christ's Nativity, his Epitaph on the admirable Dramatick Poet, W. Shakespeare, his first poem to appear in print, L'Allegro and Il Penseroso.
Study, poetry, and travel[link]
For more details on this topic, see Early life of John Milton.Upon receiving his M.A. in 1632, Milton retired to Hammersmith, his father's new home since the previous year. He also lived at Horton, Berkshire, from 1635 and undertook six years of self-directed private study. Christopher Hill points out that this was not retreat into a rural or pastoral idyll at all: Hammersmith was then a "suburban village" falling into the orbit of London, and even Horton was becoming deforested, and suffered from the plague.[13] He read both ancient and modern works of theology, philosophy, history, politics, literature and science, in preparation for a prospective poetical career. Milton's intellectual development can be charted via entries in his commonplace book (like a scrapbook), now in the British Library. As a result of such intensive study, Milton is considered to be among the most learned of all English poets; in addition to his years of private study, Milton had command of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, Spanish, and Italian from his school and undergraduate days; he also added Old English to his linguistic repertoire in the 1650s while researching his History of Britain, and probably acquired proficiency in Dutch soon after.[14]
Milton continued to write poetry during this period of study: his Arcades and Comus were both commissioned for masques composed for noble patrons, connections of the Egerton family, and performed in 1632 and 1634 respectively. Comus argues for the virtuousness of temperance and chastity.
He contributed his pastoral elegy Lycidas to a memorial collection for one of his Cambridge classmates. Drafts of these poems are preserved in Milton’s poetry notebook, known as the Trinity Manuscript because it is now kept at Trinity College, Cambridge.
In May 1638, Milton embarked upon a tour of France and Italy that lasted up to July or August 1639.[15] His travels supplemented his study with new and direct experience of artistic and religious traditions, especially Roman Catholicism. He met famous theorists and intellectuals of the time, and was able to display his poetic skills. For specific details of what happened within Milton's "grand tour", there appears to be just one primary source: Milton's own Defensio Secunda. Although there are other records, including some letters and some references in his other prose tracts, the bulk of the information about the tour comes from a work that, according to Barbara Lewalski, "was not intended as autobiography but as rhetoric, designed to emphasise his sterling reputation with the learned of Europe."[16]
In [Florence], which I have always admired above all others because of the elegance, not just of its tongue, but also of its wit, I lingered for about two months. There I at once became the friend of many gentlemen eminent in rank and learning, whose private academies I frequented — a Florentine institution which deserves great praise not only for promoting humane studies but also for encouraging friendly intercourse.[17]
– Milton's account of Florence in Defensio SecundaHe first went to Calais, and then on to Paris, riding horseback, with a letter from diplomat Henry Wotton to ambassador John Scudamore. Through Scudamore, Milton met Hugo Grotius, a Dutch law philosopher, playwright and poet. Milton left France soon after this meeting. He travelled south, from Nice to Genoa, and then to Livorno and Pisa. He reached Florence in July 1638. While there, Milton enjoyed many of the sites and structures of the city. His candour of manner and erudite neo-Latin poetry earned him friends in Florentine intellectual circles, and he met the astronomer Galileo, who was under virtual house arrest at Arcetri, as well as others.[18] Milton probably visited the Florentine Academy and the Academia della Crusca along with smaller academies in the area including the Apatisti and the Svogliati.
He left Florence in September to continue to Rome. With the connections from Florence, Milton was able to have easy access to Rome's intellectual society. His poetic abilities impressed those like Giovanni Salzilli, who praised Milton within an epigram. In late October, Milton, despite his dislike for the Society of Jesus, attended a dinner given by the English College, Rome, meeting English Catholics who were also guests, theologian Henry Holden and the poet Patrick Cary.[19] He also attended musical events, including oratorios, operas and melodramas. Milton left for Naples toward the end of November, where he stayed only for a month because of the Spanish control.[20] During that time he was introduced to Giovanni Battista Manso, patron to both Torquato Tasso and to Giovanni Battista Marino.[21]
Originally Milton wanted to leave Naples in order to travel to Sicily, and then on to Greece, but he returned to England during the summer of 1639 because of what he claimed, in Defensio Secunda,[22] were "sad tidings of civil war in England."[23] Matters became more complicated when Milton received word that Diodati, his childhood friend, had died. Milton in fact stayed another seven months on the continent, and spent time at Geneva with Diodati's uncle after he returned to Rome. In Defensio Secunda, Milton proclaimed he was warned against a return to Rome because of his frankness about religion, but he stayed in the city for two months and was able to experience Carnival and meet Lukas Holste, a Vatican librarian, who guided Milton through its collection. He was introduced to Cardinal Francesco Barberini who invited Milton to an opera hosted by the Cardinal. Around March Milton travelled once again to Florence, staying there for two months, attending further meetings of the academies, and spent time with friends. After leaving Florence he travelled through Lucca, Bologna, and Ferrara before coming to Venice. In Venice Milton was exposed to a model of Republicanism, later important in his political writings, but he soon found another model when he travelled to Geneva. From Switzerland, Milton travelled to Paris and then to Calais before finally arriving back in England in either July or August 1639.[24]
Civil war, prose tracts, and marriage[link]
File:Areopagitica bridwell.jpgTitle page of the 1644 edition of AreopagiticaMain article: Milton's antiprelatical tractsOn returning to England, where the Bishops' Wars presaged further armed conflict, Milton began to write prose tracts against episcopacy, in the service of the Puritan and Parliamentary cause. Milton's first foray into polemics was Of Reformation touching Church Discipline in England (1641), followed by Of Prelatical Episcopacy, the two defences of Smectymnuus (a group of presbyterian divines named from their initials: the "TY" belonged to Milton's old tutor Thomas Young), and The Reason of Church-Government Urged against Prelaty. With frequent passages of real eloquence lighting up the rough controversial style of the period, and deploying a wide knowledge of church history, he vigorously attacked the High-church party of the Church of England and their leader, William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury.
Though supported by his father’s investments, at this time Milton became a private schoolmaster, educating his nephews and other children of the well-to-do. This experience, and discussions with educational reformer Samuel Hartlib, led him to write in 1644 his short tract, Of Education, urging a reform of the national universities.
In June 1643 Milton paid a visit to the manor house at Forest Hill, Oxfordshire, and returned with a 16-year-old bride, Mary Powell.[25] A month later, finding life difficult with the severe 35-year-old schoolmaster and pamphleteer, Mary returned to her family. Because of the outbreak of the Civil War[citation needed], she did not return until 1645; in the meantime her desertion prompted Milton, over the next three years, to publish a series of pamphlets arguing for the legality and morality of divorce. (Anna Beer, one of Milton's most recent biographers, points to a lack of evidence and the dangers of cynicism in urging that it was not necessarily the case that the private life so animated the public polemicising.) In 1643 Milton had a brush with the authorities over these writings, in parallel with Hezekiah Woodward, who had more trouble.[26] It was the hostile response accorded the divorce tracts that spurred Milton to write Areopagitica, his celebrated attack on pre-printing censorship.
Secretary for Foreign Tongues[link]
With the parliamentary victory in the Civil War, Milton used his pen in defense of the republican principles represented by the Commonwealth. The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649) defended popular government and implicitly sanctioned the regicide; Milton’s political reputation got him appointed Secretary for Foreign Tongues by the Council of State in March 1649. Though Milton's main job description was to compose the English Republic's foreign correspondence in Latin, he also was called upon to produce propaganda for the regime and to serve as a censor. In October 1649 he published Eikonoklastes, an explicit defense of the regicide, in response to the Eikon Basilike, a phenomenal best-seller popularly attributed to Charles I that portrayed the King as an innocent Christian martyr. A month after Milton had tried to break this powerful image of Charles I (the literal translation of Eikonoklastes is 'the image breaker'), the exiled Charles II and his party published a defense of monarchy, Defensio Regia Pro Carolo Primo, written by the leading humanist Claudius Salmasius. By January of the following year, Milton was ordered to write a defense of the English people by the Council of State. Given the European audience and the English Republic's desire to establish diplomatic and cultural legitimacy, Milton worked more slowly than usual, as he drew on the learning marshalled by his years of study to compose a riposte. On 24 February 1652 Milton published his Latin defense of the English People, Defensio Pro Populo Anglicano, also known as the First Defense. Milton's pure Latin prose and evident learning, exemplified in the First Defense, quickly made him a European reputation, and the work ran to numerous editions.[27]
In 1654, in response to an anonymous Royalist tract "Regii sanguinis clamor", a work that made many personal attacks on Milton, he completed a second defense of the English nation, Defensio secunda, which praised Oliver Cromwell, now Lord Protector, while exhorting him to remain true to the principles of the Revolution. Alexander Morus, to whom Milton wrongly attributed the Clamor (in fact by Peter du Moulin), published an attack on Milton, in response to which Milton published the autobiographical Defensio pro se in 1655. In addition to these literary defenses of the Commonwealth and his character, Milton continued to translate official correspondence into Latin. By 1654 Milton had become totally blind, probably due to the onset of glaucoma. This forced him to dictate his verse and prose to amanuenses (helpers), one of whom was the poet Andrew Marvell. One of his best-known sonnets, On His Blindness, is presumed to date from this period.
Family[link]
Milton and Mary Powell (1625–1652) had four children:
- Anne (born 7 July 1646)
- Mary (born 25 October 1648)
- John (16 March 1651 – June 1652)
- Deborah (2 May 1652 – ?)
His first wife, Mary Powell, died on 5 May 1652 from complications following Deborah's birth. Milton's daughters survived to adulthood, but he had always a strained relationship with them.
On 12 November 1656, Milton was married again, to Katherine Woodcock. She died on 3 February 1658, less than four months after giving birth to a daughter, Katherine, who also died.
Milton married for a third time on 24 February 1662, to Elizabeth Mynshull (1638–1728), the niece of Thomas Mynshull, a wealthy apothecary and philanthropist in Manchester. Despite a 31-year age gap, the marriage seemed happy, according to John Aubrey, and was to last more than 11 years until Milton's death. (A plaque on the wall of Mynshull's House in Manchester describes Elizabeth as Milton's "3rd and Best wife".)
Two nephews, John Phillips and Edward Phillips, were well known as writers. They were sons of Milton's sister Anne. John acted as a secretary, and Edward was Milton's first biographer.
The Restoration[link]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011) Though Cromwell’s death in 1658 caused the English Republic to collapse into feuding military and political factions, Milton stubbornly clung to the beliefs that had originally inspired him to write for the Commonwealth. In 1659 he published A Treatise of Civil Power, attacking the concept of a state-dominated church (the position known as Erastianism), as well as Considerations touching the likeliest means to remove hirelings, denouncing corrupt practises in church governance. As the Republic disintegrated, Milton wrote several proposals to retain a non-monarchical government against the wishes of parliament, soldiers and the people[citation needed]:
Milton later in life- A Letter to a Friend, Concerning the Ruptures of the Commonwealth, written in October 1659, was a response to General Lambert's recent dissolution of the Rump Parliament
- Proposals of certain expedients for the preventing of a civil war now feared, written in November 1659
- The Ready and Easy Way to Establishing a Free Commonwealth, in two editions, responded to General Monck's march towards London to restore the Long Parliament (which led to the restoration of the monarchy). The work is an impassioned, bitter, and futile jeremiad damning the English people for backsliding from the cause of liberty and advocating the establishment of an authoritarian rule by an oligarchy set up by unelected parliament.
Upon the Restoration in May 1660, Milton went into hiding for his life, while a warrant was issued for his arrest and his writings burnt. He re-emerged after a general pardon was issued, but was nevertheless arrested and briefly imprisoned before influential friends, such as Marvell, now an MP, intervened. On 24 February 1663 Milton remarried, for a third and final time, a Wistaston, Cheshire-born woman Elizabeth (Betty) Minshull, then aged 24, and spent the remaining decade of his life living quietly in London, only retiring to a cottage – Milton's Cottage – in Chalfont St. Giles, his only extant home, during the Great Plague of London.
During this period Milton published several minor prose works, such as a grammar textbook, Art of Logic, and a History of Britain. His only explicitly political tracts were the 1672 Of True Religion, arguing for toleration (except for Catholics), and a translation of a Polish tract advocating an elective monarchy. Both these works were referred to in the Exclusion debate – the attempt to exclude the heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the throne of England because he was Roman Catholic – that would preoccupy politics in the 1670s and '80s and precipitate the formation of the Whig party and the Glorious Revolution.
Milton died of kidney failure on 8 November 1674 and was buried in the church of St Giles Cripplegate; according to an early biographer, his funeral was attended by “his learned and great Friends in London, not without a friendly concourse of the Vulgar.”[28]
Published poetry[link]
Milton's poetry was slow to see the light of day, at least under his name. His first published poem was On Shakespear (1630), anonymously included in the Second Folio edition of Shakespeare. In the midst of the excitement attending the possibility of establishing a new English government, Milton collected his work in 1645 Poems. The anonymous edition of Comus was published in 1637, and the publication of Lycidas in 1638 in Justa Edouardo King Naufrago was signed J. M. Otherwise the 1645 collection was the only poetry of his to see print, until Paradise Lost appeared in 1667.
[edit] Paradise Lost
Main article: Paradise LostMilton’s magnum opus, the blank-verse epic poem Paradise Lost, was composed by the blind and impoverished Milton from 1658 to 1664 (first edition) with small but significant revisions published in 1674 (second edition). As a blind poet, Milton dictated his verse to a series of aides in his employ. It reflects his personal despair at the failure of the Revolution, yet affirms an ultimate optimism in human potential. Milton encoded many references to his unyielding support for the "Good Old Cause".[29]
Milton Dictates the Lost Paradise to His Three Daughters, ca. 1826. Artist: Eugène DelacroixOn 27 April 1667,[30] Milton sold the publication rights to Paradise Lost to publisher Samuel Simmons for £5, equivalent to approximately £7,400 income in 2008,[31] with a further £5 to be paid if and when each print run of between 1,300 and 1,500 copies sold out.[32] The first run, a quarto edition priced at three shillings per copy, was published in August 1667 and sold out in eighteen months.[33]
Milton followed up Paradise Lost with its sequel, Paradise Regained, published alongside the tragedy Samson Agonistes, in 1671. Both these works also resonate with Milton’s post-Restoration political situation. Just before his death in 1674, Milton supervised a second edition of Paradise Lost, accompanied by an explanation of "why the poem rhymes not" and prefatory verses by Marvell. Milton republished his 1645 Poems in 1673, as well a collection of his letters and the Latin prolusions from his Cambridge days. A 1668 edition of Paradise Lost, reported to have been Milton's personal copy, is now housed in the archives of the University of Western Ontario.
Views[link]
An unfinished religious manifesto, De doctrina christiana, probably written by Milton, lays out many of his heterodox theological views, and was not discovered and published until 1823. Milton's key beliefs were idiosyncratic, not those of an identifiable group or faction, and often they go well beyond the orthodoxy of the time. Their tone, however, stemmed from the Puritan emphasis on the centrality and inviolability of conscience.[34] He was his own man, but it is Areopagitica, where he was anticipated by Henry Robinson and others, that has lasted best of his prose works.
Philosophy[link]
By the late 1650s, Milton was a proponent of monism or animist materialism, the notion that a single material substance which is "animate, self-active, and free" composes everything in the universe: from stones and trees and bodies to minds, souls, angels, and God.[35] Milton devised this position to avoid the mind-body dualism of Plato and Descartes as well as the mechanistic determinism of Hobbes. Milton's monism is most notably reflected in Paradise Lost when he has angels eat (5.433–39)[clarification needed] and engage in sexual intercourse (8.622–29)[clarification needed] and the De Doctrina, where he denies the dual natures of man and argues for a theory of Creation ex Deo.
Political thought[link]
Title page of John Milton's 1644 edition of AreopagiticaMain article: John Milton's politicsIn his political writing, Milton addressed particular themes at different periods. The years 1641–42 were dedicated to church politics and the struggle against episcopacy. After his divorce writings, Areopagitica, and a gap, he wrote in 1649–54 in the aftermath of the execution of Charles I, and in polemic justification of the regicide and the existing Parliamentarian regime. Then in 1659–60 he foresaw the Restoration, and wrote to head it off.[36]
Milton's own beliefs were in some cases both unpopular and dangerous, and this was true particularly to his commitment to republicanism. In coming centuries, Milton would be claimed as an early apostle of liberalism.[37] According to James Tully:
... with Locke as with Milton, republican and contraction conceptions of political freedom join hands in common opposition to the disengaged and passive subjection offered by absolutists such as Hobbes and Robert Filmer.[38]A friend and ally in the pamphlet wars was Marchamont Nedham. Austin Woolrych considers that although they were quite close, there is "little real affinity, beyond a broad republicanism", between their approaches.[39] Blair Worden remarks that both Milton and Nedham, with others such as Andrew Marvell and James Harrington, would have taken the problem with the Rump Parliament to be not the republic, but the fact that it was not a proper republic.[40] Woolrych speaks of "the gulf between Milton's vision of the Commonwealth's future and the reality".[41] In the early version of his History of Britain, begun in 1649, Milton was already writing off the members of the Long Parliament as incorrigible.[42]
He praised Oliver Cromwell as the Protectorate was set up; though subsequently he had major reservations. When Cromwell seemed to be backsliding as a revolutionary, after a couple of years in power, Milton moved closer to the position of Sir Henry Vane, to whom he wrote a sonnet in 1652.[43][44] The group of disaffected republicans included, besides Vane, John Bradshaw, John Hutchinson, Edmund Ludlow, Henry Marten, Robert Overton, Edward Sexby and John Streater; but not Marvell, who remained with Cromwell's party.[45] Milton had already commended Overton, along with Edmund Whalley and Bulstrode Whitelocke, in Defensio Secunda.[46] Nigel Smith writes that
... John Streater, and the form of republicanism he stood for, was a fulfilment of Milton's most optimistic ideas of free speech and of public heroism [...][47]As Richard Cromwell fell from power, he envisaged a step towards a freer republic or “free commonwealth”, writing in the hope of this outcome in early 1660. Milton had argued for an awkward position, in the Ready and Easy Way, because he wanted to invoke the Good Old Cause and gain the support of the republicans, but without offering a democratic solution of any kind.[48] His proposal, backed by reference (amongst other reasons) to the oligarchical Dutch and Venetian constitutions, was for a council with perpetual membership. This attitude cut right across the grain of popular opinion of the time, which swung decisively behind the restoration of the Stuart monarchy that took place later in the year.[49] Milton, an associate of and advocate on behalf of the regicides, was silenced on political matters as Charles II returned.
Theology[link]
Main article: John Milton's religionLike many Renaissance artists before him, Milton attempted to integrate Christian theology with classical modes. In his early poems, the poet narrator expresses a tension between vice and virtue, the latter invariably related to Protestantism. In Comus Milton may make ironic use of the Caroline court masque by elevating notions of purity and virtue over the conventions of court revelry and superstition. In his later poems, Milton's theological concerns become more explicit. In 1648 he wrote a hymn How lovely are thy dwelling fair,[50] a paraphrase of Psalm 84, that explains his view on God.
Milton embraced many heterodox Christian theological views. He rejected the Trinity, in the belief that the Son was subordinate to the Father, a position known as Arianism; and his sympathy or curiosity was probably engaged by Socinianism: in August 1650 he licensed for publication by William Dugard the Racovian Catechism, based on a non-trinitarian creed.[51][52] A source has interpreted him as broadly Protestant, if not always easy to locate in a more precise religious category.
In his 1641 treatise, Of Reformation, Milton expressed his dislike for Catholicism and episcopacy, presenting Rome as a modern Babylon, and bishops as Egyptian taskmasters. These analogies conform to Milton's puritanical preference for Old Testament imagery. He knew at least four commentaries on Genesis: those of John Calvin, Paulus Fagius, David Pareus and Andreus Rivetus.[53]
Through the Interregnum, Milton often presents England, rescued from the trappings of a worldly monarchy, as an elect nation akin to the Old Testament Israel, and shows its leader, Oliver Cromwell, as a latter-day Moses. These views were bound up in Protestant views of the Millennium, which some sects, such as the Fifth Monarchists predicted would arrive in England. Milton, however, would later criticise the "worldly" millenarian views of these and others, and expressed orthodox ideas on the prophecy of the Four Empires.[54]
The Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660 began a new phase in Milton's work. In Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes Milton mourns the end of the godly Commonwealth. The Garden of Eden may allegorically reflect Milton's view of England's recent Fall from Grace, while Samson's blindness and captivity – mirroring Milton's own lost sight – may be a metaphor for England's blind acceptance of Charles II as king. Illustrated by Paradise Lost is mortalism, the belief that the soul lies dormant after the body dies.[55]
Despite the Restoration of the monarchy Milton did not lose his personal faith; Samson shows how the loss of national salvation did not necessarily preclude the salvation of the individual, while Paradise Regained expresses Milton's continuing belief in the promise of Christian salvation through Jesus Christ.
Though he may have maintained his personal faith in spite of the defeats suffered by his cause, the Dictionary of National Biography recounts how he had been alienated from the Church of England by Archbishop William Laud, and then moved similarly from the Dissenters by their denunciation of religious tolerance in England.
Milton had come to stand apart from all sects, though apparently finding the Quakers most congenial. He never went to any religious services in his later years. When a servant brought back accounts of sermons from nonconformist meetings, Milton became so sarcastic that the man at last gave up his place.Religious toleration[link]
Milton called in the Aeropagitica for "the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties" (applied, however, only to the conflicting Protestant sects, and not to atheists, Jews, Muslims or Catholics). "Milton argued for disestablishment as the only effective way of achieving broad toleration. Rather than force a man's conscience, government should recognise the persuasive force of the gospel."[56]
Divorce[link]
Main article: Milton's divorce tractsHis thinking on divorce caused him considerable trouble with the authorities. An orthodox Presbyterian view of the time was that Milton's views on divorce constituted a one-man heresy:
The fervently Presbyterian Edwards had included Milton’s divorce tracts in his list in Gangraena of heretical publications that threatened the religious and moral fabric of the nation; Milton responded by mocking him as “shallow Edwards” in the satirical sonnet “On the New Forcers of Conscience under the Long Parliament,” usually dated to the latter half of 1646.[57]Even here, though, his originality is qualified: Thomas Gataker had already identified "mutual solace" as a principal goal in marriage.[58] Milton abandoned his campaign to legitimise divorce after 1645, but he expressed support for polygamy in the De doctrina christiana, the theological treatise that provides the clearest evidence for his views.[59]
History[link]
History was particularly important for the political class of the period, and Lewalski considers that Milton "more than most illustrates" a remark of Thomas Hobbes on the weight placed at the time on the classical Latin historical writers Tacitus, Livy, Sallust and Cicero, and their republican attitudes.[60] Milton himself wrote that "Worthy deeds are not often destitute of worthy relaters", in Book II of his History of Britain. A sense of history mattered greatly to him:
The course of human history, the immediate impact of the civil disorders, and his own traumatic personal life, are all regarded by Milton as typical of the predicament he describes as "the misery that has bin since Adam".[61]Legacy and influence[link]
Once Paradise Lost was published, Milton's stature as epic poet was immediately recognised. He cast a formidable shadow over English poetry in the 18th and 19th centuries; he was often judged equal or superior to all other English poets, including Shakespeare. Very early on, though, he was championed by Whigs, and decried by Tories: with the regicide Edmund Ludlow he was claimed as an early Whig,[62] while the High Tory Anglican minister Luke Milbourne lumped Milton in with other "Agents of Darkness" such as John Knox, George Buchanan, Richard Baxter, Algernon Sidney and John Locke.[63]
Early reception of the poetry[link]
John Dryden, an early enthusiast, in 1677 began the trend of describing Milton as the poet of the sublime.[64] Dryden's The State of Innocence and the Fall of Man: an Opera (1677) is evidence of an immediate cultural influence. In 1695, Patrick Hume became the first editor of Paradise Lost, providing an extensive apparatus of annotation and commentary, particularly chasing down allusions.[65]
Title page of a 1752–1761 edition of "The Poetical Works of John Milton with Notes of Various Authors by Thomas Newton" printed by J. & R. Tonson in the Strand.In 1732 the classical scholar Richard Bentley offered a corrected version of Paradise Lost.[66] Bentley was considered presumptuous, and was attacked in the following year by Zachary Pearce. Christopher Ricks judges that, as critic, Bentley was both acute and wrong-headed, and "incorrigibly eccentric"; William Empson also finds Pearce to be more sympathetic to Bentley's underlying line of thought than is warranted.[67][68]
There was an early, partial translation of Paradise Lost into German by Theodore Haak, and based on that a standard verse translation by Ernest Gottlieb von Berge. A subsequent prose translation by Johann Jakob Bodmer was very popular; it influenced Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock. The German-language Milton tradition returned to England in the person of the artist Henry Fuseli.
Many enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century revered and commented on Milton's poetry and non-poetical works. In addition to John Dryden, among them were Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison, Thomas Newton, and Samuel Johnson. For example in The Spectator[69]Joseph Addison wrote extensive notes, annotations, and interpretations of certain passages of Paradise Lost. Jonathan Richardson, senior, and Jonathan Richardson, the younger, co-wrote a book of criticism.[70] In 1749, Thomas Newton published an extensive edition of Milton's poetical works with annotations provided by himself, Dryden, Pope, Addison, the Richardsons (father and son) and others. Newton's edition of Milton was a culmination of the honour bestowed upon Milton by early Enlightenment thinkers; it may also have been prompted by Richard Bentley's infamous edition, described above. Samuel Johnson wrote numerous essays on Paradise Lost, and Milton was included in his Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets (1779–1781).
Blake[link]
Frontispiece to Milton a PoemWilliam Blake considered Milton the major English poet. Blake placed Edmund Spenser as Milton's precursor, and saw himself as Milton's poetical son.[71] In his Milton a Poem, Blake uses Milton as a character.
Romantic theory[link]
Edmund Burke was a theorist of the sublime, and he regarded Milton's description of Hell as exemplary of sublimity as aesthetic concept. For Burke it was to set alongside mountain-tops, a storm at sea, and infinity.[72] In The Beautiful and the Sublime he wrote "No person seems better to have understood the secret of heightening, or of setting terrible things, if I may use the expression, in their strongest light, by the force of a judicious obscurity than Milton."[73]
The Romantic poets valued his exploration of blank verse, but for the most part rejected his religiosity. William Wordsworth began his sonnet "London, 1802" with "Milton! thou should'st be living at this hour"[74] and modelled The Prelude, his own blank verse epic, on Paradise Lost. John Keats found the yoke of Milton's style uncongenial;[75] he exclaimed that "Miltonic verse cannot be written but in an artful or rather artist's humour."[76] Keats felt that Paradise Lost was a "beautiful and grand curiosity"; but his own unfinished attempt at epic poetry, Hyperion, was unsatisfactory to the author because, amongst other things, it had too many "Miltonic inversions".[76] In The Madwoman in the Attic, Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar note that Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is, in the view of many critics, "one of the key 'Romantic' readings of Paradise Lost."[77]
Later legacy[link]
The Victorian age witnessed a continuation of Milton's influence, George Eliot[78] and Thomas Hardy being particularly inspired by Milton's poetry and biography. By contrast, the early 20th century, with the efforts of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound, witnessed a reduction in Milton's critical stature. Harold Bloom, in The Anxiety of Influence, could still write that "Milton is the central problem in any theory and history of poetic influence in English [...]".[79]
Milton's Areopagitica is still cited as relevant to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.[80] A quotation from Areopagitica – "A good book is the precious lifeblood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life" – is displayed in many public libraries, including the New York Public Library.
The title of Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy is derived from a quotation, "His dark materials to create more worlds", line 915 of Book II in Paradise Lost. Pullman was concerned to produce a version of Milton's poem accessible to teenagers,[81] and has spoken of Milton as "our greatest public poet".[82]
T. S. Eliot believed that "of no other poet is it so difficult to consider the poetry simply as poetry, without our theological and political dispositions... making unlawful entry".[83]
Literary legacy[link]
Milton's use of blank verse, in addition to his stylistic innovations (such as grandiloquence of voice and vision, peculiar diction and phraseology) influenced later poets. At the time poetic blank verse was considered distinct from its use in verse drama, and Paradise Lost was taken as a unique examplar.[84] Said Isaac Watts in 1734, "Mr. Milton is esteemed the parent and author of blank verse among us".[85] "Miltonic verse" might be synonymous for a century with blank verse as poetry, a new poetic terrain independent from both the drama and the heroic couplet.
Lack of rhyme was sometimes taken as Milton's defining innovation. He himself considered the rhymeless quality of Paradise Lost to be an extension of his own personal liberty:
This neglect then of Rhime ... is to be esteem'd an example set, the first in English, of ancient liberty recover'd to heroic Poem from the troublesom and modern bondage of Rimeing.[86]This pursuit of freedom was largely a reaction against conservative values entrenched within the rigid heroic couplet.[87] Within a dominant culture that stressed elegance and finish, he granted primacy to freedom, breadth and imaginative suggestiveness, eventually developed into the romantic vision of sublime terror. Reaction to Milton’s poetic worldview included, grudgingly, acknowledgement that of poet’s resemblance to classical writers (Greek and Roman poetry being unrhymed. Blank verse came to be a recognised medium for religious works and for translations of the classics. Unrhymed lyrics like Collins' Ode to Evening (in the meter of Milton's translation of Horace's Ode to Pyrrha) were not uncommon after 1740.[88]
Statue of Milton in Temple of British Worthies, StoweA second aspect of Milton's blank verse was the use of unconventional rhythm:
His blank-verse paragraph, and his audacious and victorious attempt to combine blank and rhymed verse with paragraphic effect in Lycidas, lay down indestructible models and patterns of English verse-rhythm, as distinguished from the narrower and more strait-laced forms of English metre.[89]Before Milton, "the sense of regular rhythm ... had been knocked into the English head so securely that it was part of their nature".[90] The "Heroick measure", according to Samuel Johnson, "is pure ... when the accent rests upon every second syllable through the whole line The repetition of this sound or percussion at equal times, is the most complete harmony of which a single verse is capable",[91] Caesural pauses, most agreed, were best placed at the middle and the end of the line. In order to support this symmetry, lines were most often octo- or deca-syllabic, with no enjambed endings. To this schema Milton introduced modifications, which included hypermetrical syllables (trisyllabic feet), inversion or slighting of stresses, and the shifting of pauses to all parts of the line.[92] Milton deemed these features to be reflective of "the transcendental union of order and freedom".[93] Admirers remained hesitant to adopt such departures from traditional metrical schemes: "The English ... had been writing separate lines for so long that they could not rid themselves of the habit”.[94] Isaac Watts preferred his lines distinct from each other, as did Oliver Goldsmith, Henry Pemberton, and Scott of Amwell, whose general opinion it was that Milton's frequent omission of the initial unaccented foot was "displeasing to a nice ear".[95] It was not until the late 18th century that poets (beginning with Gray) began to appreciate "the composition of Milton's harmony ... how he loved to vary his pauses, his measures, and his feet, which gives that enchanting air of freedom and wilderness to his versification".[96]
While neo-classical diction was as restrictive as its prosody, and narrow imagery paired with uniformity of sentence structure resulted in a small set of 800 nouns circumscribing the vocabulary of 90% of heroic couplets ever written up to the eighteenth century,[97] and tradition required that the same adjectives attach to the same nouns, followed by the same verbs, Milton's pursuit of liberty extended into his vocabulary as well. It included many Latinate neologisms, as well as obsolete words already dropped from popular usage so completely that their meanings were no longer understood. In 1740 Francis Peck identified some examples of Milton's "old" words (now popular).[98] The “Miltonian dialect” as it was called, was emulated by later poets; Pope used the diction of Paradise Lost in his Homer translation, while the lyric poetry of Gray and Collins was frequently criticised for their use of “obsolete words out of Spenser and Milton”.[99] The language of Thomson’s finest poems (e.g. The Seasons, Castle of Indolence) was self-consciously modelled after the Miltonian dialect, with the same tone and sensibilities as Paradise Lost. Following to Milton, English poetry from Pope to John Keats exhibited a steadily increasing attention to the connotative, the imaginative and poetic, value of words.[100]
Miltonic effects[link]
The varied manifestations of personal liberty in Milton's works (e.g. abandonment of rhyme, irregular rhythms, peculiar diction) converge to create specific Miltonian effects that live on to this day. Raymond Dexter identifies nine outstanding characteristics specific to Paradise Lost that survived into later poetic movements:
- 1. Dignity, reserve and stateliness
Of Man's first disobedience, and the fruit
Of that forbidden Tree, whose mortal taste
Brought death into the world, and all our woe,
With loss of Eden, till one greater Man
Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,
Sing, Heavenly Muse (i. 1–6)- 2. Sonorous, orotund voice
O thou that, with surpassing glory crown'd
Look'st from thy sole dominion like the god
Of this new World. (iv. 32-4)- 3. Inversion of the natural order of words and phrases
Ten paces huge
He back recoil’d. (vi. 193-4)
"temperate vapours bland"(v. 5)
"heavenly form Angelic"(ix. 457-8)
"unvoyageable gulf obscure"(x. 366)- 4. The omission of words not necessary to the sense
And where their weakness, how attempted best,
By force or subtlety. (ii. 357-8)- 5. Parenthesis and opposition
Their song was partial, but the harmony
(What could it less when Spirits immortal sing?)
Suspended Hell, and took with ravishment
The thronging audience. In discourse more sweet
(For eloquence the soul, song charms the sense)
Others apart sat on a hill retired (ii. 552-7)- 6. The use of one part of speech for another
"with gems . . . rich emblazed", "grinned horrible", (adjective used as adverb)
"Heaven's azure" or "the vast of Heaven". (adjective used as noun)
"without disturb they took alarm"; "the place of her retire." (verbs used as nouns )
May serve to better us and worse our foes (adjective used as verb)
Yet oft his heart, divine of something ill (verb, adjective employed in participal sense)
"fuell'd entrails," "his con-sorted Eve," "roses bushing round." (substantive used as verb).- 7. Vocabulary
Archaic words from Chaucer, Spenser and Shakespeare: "erst," "grunsel," "welkin," "frore," "lore," "grisly," "ken" etc. Unusual Words from Greek or Latin: "dulcet," "panoplie," "sapience," "nocent," "congratulant” etc. Words employed in senses obsolete to the eighteenth century: "the secret top Of Oreb," "a singèd bottom all in-volved With stench," "tempt an abyss,” "his uncouth way"
- 8. The introduction into a comparatively short passage of proper names in number, not necessary to the sense, but adding richness, color, and imaginative suggestiveness
And what resounds
In fable or romance of Uther's son,
Begirt with British and Armoric knights;
And all who since, baptised or infidel,
jousted in Aspramont, or Montalban,
Damasco, or Marocco, or Trebisond;
Or whom Biserta sent from Afric shore
When Charlemain with all his peerage fell
By Fontarabbia. (i. 579-87)- 9. Unusual compound epithets
"Sail-broad vans," "high-climbing hill," "arch-chemic sun," "half-rounding guards," "night-warbling bird," "love-labour'd song"
Poetic and dramatic works[link]
- 1631: L'Allegro
- 1631: Il Penseroso
- 1634: A Mask Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634 commonly known as Comus (a masque)
- 1638: Lycidas
- 1645: Poems of Mr John Milton, Both English and Latin
- 1655: On the Late Massacre in Piedmont
- 1667: Paradise Lost
- 1671: Paradise Regained
- 1671: Samson Agonistes
- 1673: Poems, &c, Upon Several Occasions
Political, philosophical and religious prose[link]
- Of Reformation (1641)
- Of Prelatical Episcopacy (1641)
- Animadversions (1641)
- The Reason of Church-Government Urged against Prelaty (1642)
- Apology for Smectymnuus (1642)
- Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce (1643)
- Judgement of Martin Bucer Concerning Divorce (1644)
- Of Education (1644)
- Areopagitica (1644)
- Tetrachordon (1645)
- Colasterion (1645)
- The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649)
- Eikonoklastes (1649)
- Defensio pro Populo Anglicano [First Defence] (1651)
- Defensio Secunda [Second Defence] (1654)
- A treatise of Civil Power (1659)
- The Likeliest Means to Remove Hirelings from the Church (1659)
- The Ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth (1660)
- Brief Notes Upon a Late Sermon (1660)
- Accedence Commenced Grammar (1669)
- History of Britain (1670)
- Artis logicae plenior institutio [Art of Logic] (1672)
- Of True Religion (1673)
- Epistolae Familiaries (1674)
- Prolusiones (1674)
- A brief History of Moscovia, and other less known Countries lying Eastward of Russia as far as Cathay, gathered from the writings of several Eye-witnesses (1682)[101]
- De Doctrina Christiana (1823)
Notes[link]
- ^ McCalman 2001 p. 605.
- ^ Contemporary Literary Criticism, "Milton, John – Introduction"
- ^ Masson 1859 pp. v–vi.
- ^ Forsyth, Neil (2008). "St. Paul's". John Milton A Biography (1st ed.). Wilkinson House, Jordan Hill Road, Oxford OX2 8DR, England: Lion Hudson. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7459-5310-6.
- ^ Lewalski 2003 p. 3.
- ^ a b Dick 1962 pp. 270–5.
- ^ Venn, J.; Venn, J. A., eds. (1922–1958). "Milton, John". Alumni Cantabrigienses (10 vols) (online ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Hunter 1980 p. 99.
- ^ Wedgwood 1961 p. 178.
- ^ Hill 1977 p. 34.
- ^ Pfeiffer 1955 pp. 363–373
- ^ Milton 1959 pp. 887–8.
- ^ Hill 1977 p. 38.
- ^ Lewalski 2003 p. 103.
- ^ Chaney, 1985 and 2000
- ^ Lewalski 2003 pp. 87–88
- ^ Milton 1959 Vol. IV part I. pp. 615–617
- ^ Lewalski 2003 pp. 88–94
- ^ Chaney, 1985 and 2000, and Lewalski, p. 96.
- ^ Chaney, 1985, p. 244-51 and Chaney, 2000, p. 313
- ^ Lewalski 2003 pp. 94–98
- ^ Lewalski 2003 p. 98
- ^ Milton 1959 Vol IV part I. pp. 618–619
- ^ Lewalski 2003 pp. 99–109
- ^ Lobel, 1957, pages 122–134
- ^ Lewalski 2003 pp. 181–2, 600.
- ^ von Maltzahn 1999 p. 239
- ^ Toland 1932 p. 193.
- ^ Hill, 1977
- ^ Lindenbaum, Peter (1995). "Authors and Publishers in the Late Seventeenth Century: New Evidence on their Relations". The Library (Oxford University Press) s6-17 (3): 250–269. DOI:10.1093/library/s6-17.3.250. ISSN 0024-2160. http://library.oxfordjournals.org/content/s6-17/3/250.extract.
- ^ MeasuringWorth, 2010, "Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present". Access date: 13 March 2011.
- ^ Darbishire, Helen (October 1941). The Review of English Studies (Oxford University Press) 17 (68): 415–427. JSTOR 509858.
- ^ "John Milton's Paradise Lost". The Morgan Library & Museum. http://www.themorgan.org/exhibitions/milton.asp. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- ^ See, for instance, Barker, Arthur. Milton and the Puritan Dilemma, 1641–1660. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1942: 338 and passim; Wolfe, Don M. Milton in the Puritan Revolution. New York: T. Nelson and Sons, 1941: 19.
- ^ Stephen Fallon, Milton Among the Philosophers (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), p. 81.
- ^ Blair Worden, Literature and Politics in Cromwellian England: John Milton, Andrew Marvell and Marchamont Nedham (2007), p. 154.
- ^ Milton and Republicanism, ed. David Armitage, Armand Himy, and Quentin Skinner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995)
- ^ James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (1993), p. 301.
- ^ Austin Woolrych, Commonwealth to Protectorate (1982), p. 34.
- ^ Worden, p. 149.
- ^ Austin Woolrych, Commonwealth to Protectorate (1982), p. 101.
- ^ G. E. Aylmer (editor), The Interregnum: The Quest for Settlement 1646–1660 (1972), p. 17.
- ^ Christopher Hill, God's Englishman (1972 edition), p. 200.
- ^ "Online Library of Liberty – To S r Henry Vane the younger. – The Poetical Works of John Milton". Oll.libertyfund.org. http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=556&chapter=85636&layout=html&Itemid=27. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
- ^ "John W. Creaser – Prosodic Style and Conceptions of Liberty in Milton and Marvell – Milton Quarterly 34:1". Muse.jhu.edu. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/milton_quarterly/v034/34.1creaser.html#FOOT36. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
- ^ William Riley Parker and Gordon Campbell, Milton (1996), p. 444.
- ^ Nigel Smith, Popular Republicanism in the 1650s: John Streater's 'heroick mechanics' , p. 154, in David Armitage, Armand Himy, Quentin Skinner (editors), Milton and Republicanism (1998).
- ^ Blair Worden, Literature and Politics in Cromwellian England: John Milton, Andrew Marvell and Marchamont Nedham (2007), Ch. 14, Milton and the Good Old Cause.
- ^ Austin Woolrych, Last Quest for Settlement 1657–1660, p. 202, in G. E. Aylmer (editor), The Interregnum: The Quest for Settlement 1646–1660 (1972), p. 17.
- ^ Nr 106 in The Church Hymn book 1872 (ed. Hatfield, Edwin F., New York and Chicago, USA)
- ^ Lewalski, Life of Milton, p. 253.
- ^ William Bridges Hunter, A Milton Encyclopedia (1980), Volume VIII p. 13.
- ^ Arnold Williams, Renaissance Commentaries on "Genesis" and Some Elements of the Theology of Paradise Lost, PMLA, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Mar., 1941), pp. 151–164.
- ^ Walter S. H. Lim, John Milton, Radical Politics, and Biblical Republicanism (2006), p. 141.
- ^ John Rogers, The Matter of Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), p. xi.
- ^ Hunter, William Bridges A Milton Encyclopedia, Volume 8(East Brunswick, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1980) pp. 71, 72 ISBN 0-8387-1841-8
- ^ (PDF) Nicholas McDowell, Family Politics; Or, How John Phillips Read His Uncle's Satirical Sonnets, Milton Quarterly Volume 42 Issue 1, Pages 1–21, Published Online: 17 Apr 2008
- ^ Christopher Hill, Milton and the English Revolution" (1977), p. 127.
- ^ John Milton, The Christian Doctrine in Complete Poems and Major Prose, ed. Merritt Hughes (Hackett: Indianapolis, 2003), pp. 994–1000; Leo Miller, John Milton among the Polygamophiles (New York: Loewenthal Press, 1974)
- ^ Lewalski, Life of Milton, p. 199.
- ^ Timothy Kenyon, Utopian Communism and Political Thought in Early Modern England (1989), p. 34.
- ^ Kevin Sharpe, Remapping Early Modern England: The Culture of Seventeenth-century Politics (2000), p. 7.
- ^ J. P. Kenyon, Revolution Principles (1977), p. 77.
- ^ Al-Zubi, Hasan A. (2007). "Audience and human nature in the poetry of Milton and Dryden/Milton ve Dryden'in siirlerinde izleyici ve insan dogasi – Interactions – Find Articles at BNET". Findarticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7014/is_1_16/ai_n28450154/pg_5. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
- ^ Joseph M. Levine, The Battle of the Books: History and Literature in the Augustan Age (1994), p. 247.
- ^ "Online text of one book". Andromeda.rutgers.edu. http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Texts/Bentley/. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ Christopher Ricks, Milton's Grand Style (1963), p. 9, p. 14, p. 57.
- ^ William Empson, Some Versions of Pastoral (1974 edition), p. 147.
- ^ Nos 267, 273, 279, 285, 291, 297, 303, 309, 315, 321, 327, 333, 339, 345, 351, 357, 363, and 369.
- ^ Explanatory Notes and Remarks on Milton's Paradise Lost (1734).
- ^ S. Foster Damon, A Blake Dictionary (1973), p. 274.
- ^ Bill Beckley, Sticky Sublime (2001), p. 63.
- ^ Part II, Section I: Adelaide.edu.au
- ^ "Francis T. Palgrave, ed. (1824–1897). The Golden Treasury. 1875". Bartleby.com. http://www.bartleby.com/106/213.html. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ Thomas N. Corns, A Companion to Milton (2003), p. 474.
- ^ a b Leader, Zachary. "Revision and Romantic Authorship". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. 298. ISBN 0-19-818634-7
- ^ Cited from the original in J. Paul Hunter (editor), Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (1996), p. 225.
- ^ Nardo, Anna, K. George Eliot’s Dialogue with Milton
- ^ Harold Bloom, The Anxiety of Influence: A theory of poetry (1997), p. 33.
- ^ "Milton's Areopagitica and the Modern First Amendment by Vincent Blasi". Nationalhumanitiescenter.org. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/ideasv42/blasi4.htm. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ "Imitating Milton: The Legacy of Paradise Lost". Christs.cam.ac.uk. http://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/darknessvisible/imitation.html. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ "Philip Pullman opens Bodleian Milton exhibition – University of Oxford". Ox.ac.uk. http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2007/071217a.html. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ Eliot 1947 p. 63.
- ^ Saintsbury 1908 ii. 443
- ^ Watts 1810 iv. 619
- ^ Milton 1668 xi
- ^ Gordon 2008 p. 234
- ^ Dexter 1922 p. 46
- ^ Saintsbury 1908 ii. 457
- ^ Saintsbury 1916 p. 101
- ^ Johnson 1751 no.86
- ^ Dexter 1922 p. 57
- ^ Saintsbury 1908 ii. 458-9
- ^ Dexter 1922 p. 59
- ^ Saintsbury 1916 p. 114
- ^ Gray 1748 Observations on English Metre
- ^ Hobsbaum 1996 p. 40
- ^ They included "self-same", "hue", "minstrelsy", "murky", "carol", and "chaunt". Among Milton’s naturalized Latin words were "humid", "orient", "hostil", "facil", "fervid", "jubilant", "ire", "bland", "reluctant", "palpable", "fragil", and "ornate". Peck 1740 p. 110-111.
- ^ Scott 1785 63
- ^ Saintsbury 1908 ii. 468
- ^ "Online Library of Liberty – Titles". Oll.libertyfund.org. http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/HTML-voice.php?recordID=0937. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
References[link]
- Beer, Anna. Milton: Poet, Pamphleteer, and Patriot. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2008.
- Campbell, Gordon and Corns, Thomas. John Milton: Life, Work, and Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Chaney, Edward, The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion: Richard Lassels and 'The Voyage of Italy' in the Seventeenth Century (Geneva, CIRVI, 1985) and "Milton's Visit to Vallombrosa: A literary tradition", The Evolution of the Grand Tour, 2nd ed (Routledge, London, 2000)
- Dexter, Raymond. The Influence of Milton on English Poetry London: Kessinger Publishing. 1922
- Dick, Oliver Lawson. Aubrey's Brief Lives. Harmondsworth, Middl.: Penguin Books, 1962.
- Eliot, T. S. "Annual Lecture on a Master Mind: Milton", Proceedings of the British Academy 33 (1947).
- Hill, Christopher. Milton and the English Revolution". New York: Viking Press, 1977.
- Gray, Thomas. Observations on English Metre. "The Works of Thomas Gray" ed. Mitford London: William Pickering 1835.
- Hobsbaum, Philip. "Meterem,Rhythm and Verse Form" New York: Routledge, 1996.
- Hunter, William Bridges. A Milton Encyclopedia. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1980.
- Johnson, Samuel. "Rambler #86" 1751
- Lewalski, Barbara K. The Life of John Milton. Oxford: Blackwells Publishers, 2003.
- A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 5: Bullingdon Hundred. 1957. pp. 122–134.
- Masson, David. The Life of John Milton and History of His Time, vol. 1. Cambridge: 1859.
- McCalman, Iain. et al., An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age: British Culture, 1776–1832. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
- Milton, John. Complete Prose Works 8 Vols. gen. Ed. Don M. Wolfe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959.
- Milton, John. The Verse, "Paradise Lost" London, 1668.
- Peck, Francis. "New Memoirs of Milton" London, 1740.
- Pfeiffer, Robert H. "The Teaching of Hebrew in Colonial America", The Jewish Quarterly Review, (April 1955).
- Rosenfeld, Nancy. The Human Satan in Seventeenth-Century English Literature: From Milton to Rochester. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008.
- Saintsbury, George. "The Peace of the Augustans: A Survey of Eighteenth Century Literature as a Place of Rest and Refreshment" London: Oxford University Press. 1946.
- Saintsbury, George. "A History of English Prosody: From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day" London: Macmillan and co. 1908
- Scott, John. "Critical Essays" London 1785
- Toland, John. Life of Milton in The Early Lives of Milton. Ed. Helen Darbishere. London: Constable, 1932.
- von Maltzahn, Nicholas. "Milton's Readers" in The Cambridge Companion to Milton. ed. Dennis Richard Danielson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- Watts, Isaac. "Miscellaneous Thoughts" no. lxxiii. Works 1810
- Wedgwood, C. V. Thomas Wentworth, First Earl of Strafford 1593–1641. New York: Macmillan, 1961.
- Wilson, A. N. The Life of John Milton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
External links[link]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Milton Wikisource has original works written by or about:
John Milton 
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Milton - Many 17th century digital facsimiles of Milton's works by John Geraghty
- "The masque in Milton's Arcades and Comus" by Gilbert McInnis
- Milton's cottage
- Works by John Milton at Project Gutenberg
- Famous quotations
- Milton's Paradise: exhibit review: marking the poet's 400th 2008 ArtsEditor.com article
- Site dedicated to Milton
- Books on Milton's life and works
- Works by or about John Milton in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Open Milton – an open set of Milton's works, together with ancillary information and tools, in a form designed for reuse, launched on Milton's 400th Birthday by the Open Knowledge Foundation
- Milton Reading Room – online, almost fully annotated, collection of all of Milton's poetry and selections of his prose
- Milton-L Homepage – A scholarly website devoted to the life, literature and times of Milton. It hosts the webpage for the Milton Society of America, as well as the Milton listserv, an Internet discussion group for Milton.
- Milton index entry at Poets' Corner
- Milton 400th Anniversary – lots of Milton material and details of the Milton 400th Anniversary Celebrations, from Christ's College, Cambridge, where Milton studied
- Thomas Ellwood's Epitaph for John Milton
- A common-place book of John Milton, and a Latin essay and Latin verses presumed to be by Milton Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. {Reprinted by} Cornell University Library Digital Collections
- "John Milton-poet or politician?" on BBC Radio 4’s In Our Time, featuring John Carey, Lisa Jardine, Blair Worden
- Heroic Milton: Happy Birthday Frank Kermode in The New York Review of Books
- Audio: Robert Pinsky reads "Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint" by John Milton (via poemsoutloud.net)
- Timeline of the Life and Works of Milton at The Online Library Of Liberty
- Areopagitica (Jebb ed.) [1664]. See original text in The Online Library Of Liberty.
- The Poetical Works of John Milton, edited after the Original Texts by the Rev. H.C. Beeching M.A. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900). See original text in The Online Library Of Liberty.
- The Prose Works of John Milton: With a Biographical Introduction by Rufus Wilmot Griswold. In Two Volumes (Philadelphia: John W. Moore, 1847). See original text in The Online Library Of Liberty.
- The Ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth, edited with Introduction, Notes, and Glossary by Evert Mordecai Clark (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1915). See original text in The Online Library Of Liberty
- Online exhibition at Christ's College celebrating the 400th anniversary of Milton's birth
- The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, edited with Introduction and Notes by William Talbot Allison (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1911). See original text in The Online Library Of Liberty.
- Australian radio interview, Stephen Fallon and Nigel Smith on Milton at 400
- Australian radio feature on John Milton at 400
- L'Allegro, Il Penseroso, Comus and other John Milton's works in HTML format.
- Read the Works of John Milton online ReadmeFree
John MiltonTopics People 1645 Poems Antiprelatical tracts Divorce tracts Political tracts Later poetry Persondata Name Milton, John Alternative names Short description English poet and prose polemicist Date of birth (1608-12-09)9 December 1608 Place of birth Bread Street, Cheapside, London Date of death 8 November 1674(1674-11-08) Place of death Bunhill, London http://wn.com/John_Milton
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/John Milton
http://cs.wn.com/John Milton
http://id.wn.com/John Milton
http://es.wn.com/John Milton
http://ru.wn.com/Мильтон, Джон
http://nl.wn.com/John Milton
http://pl.wn.com/John Milton
http://fr.wn.com/John Milton
http://de.wn.com/John Milton
http://pt.wn.com/John Milton
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Milton
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
- Episode 365: (#1.365)
.JPG)
.jpg)
.png){kind=small}
