Marathas

Wednesday, 30 January 2013

Empire:Total War - First Anglo-Maratha War (1777-1782) - Historical Battle

Military and Economic Policies of the Marathas

IITK Marathas Dance Dramatics Galaxy 2012

Sohail Khan's Big Sacrifice for Veer Marathas

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Goa
Goa ⁱ/ˈɡoʊ.ə/ is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita two and a half times that of the country as a whole. It was ranked the best placed state by the Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on Population based on the 12 Indicators.
Panaji is the state's capital, while Vasco da Gama is the largest city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter. Goa is a former Portuguese colony, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961.

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Gujarat
Gujarat /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ (Gujarati: ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt [ɡudʒ(ə)ɾat] ( listen)) is a state in western India. It has an area of 75,686 sq mi (196,030 km²) with a coastline of 1,600 km, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east and the Arabian Sea as well as the Pakistani province of Sindh on the west. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India.
The state encompasses major sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such as Lothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first ports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centers in the Maurya and Gupta empires. Mahatma Gandhi, India's "father of the nation", who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British colonial rule was a Gujarati.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister was also from Gujarat.

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Gwalior
Gwalior (Hindi/Marathi: ग्वालियर pronunciation (help·info)) ग्वाल्हेर is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India, lying 122 kilometres (76 mi) south of Agra, and 423 kilometres (263 mi) north of Bhopal, the state capital. Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India, and the city and its fortress have served as the center of several of historic northern Indian kingdoms. Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division.
It is famous for Gwalior Fort, which has changed hands many times. From the Tomaras in the 8th century it passed on to the Mughals, then the Marathas under the Scindias (1754), followed briefly by Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope and the British.
The city has several important educational institutions including the Atal Bihari Vajpayee - Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Scindia School, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Laxmibai National Institute of Physical Education. Gwalior has five government universities: Jiwaji University, Maharaja Maan Singh Tomar music and arts university, Rajmata Vijyarahe Scindia agriculture university, Laxmibai National University of Physical Education and ABV-IIITM are government universities. Few Private institutions are also well known in this region like Aditya College, ITM University, Amity University etc.

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India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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Indore
Indore /ɪnˈdɔər/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the largest city and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the richest city in central India and also known as "Mini Mumbai" due to it's lifestyle similarities with Mumbai. It also reflects Mumbai's potpourri of cultures, with significant Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi populations.
Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.

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Karnataka
Karnataka /kɑrˈnɑːtəkə/ is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava (Formation Day). Originally known as the State of Mysore /maɪˈsɔər/, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. It is the land of the Kannadigas, Tuluvas, Konkanis and Kodavas. The capital and largest city is Bangalore.
Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres (74,122 sq mi), or 5.83% of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth largest Indian state by area. With over 61 million inhabitants (2011), Karnataka is the ninth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.
The two main river systems of the state are Krishna and its tributaries (Bhima, Ghataprabha, Vedavati, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra) in the north, and the Cauvery and its tributaries (Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathi, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini) in the south. Both these rivers flow eastward and fall into the Bay of Bengal.

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Karwar
Karwar is the administrative headquarters of an eponymous taluk and of Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It was the chief town of the North Kanara district in British India.
It is a seaside town situated on the banks of the Kali river which is on the west coast of the Indian peninsula. The town lies about 15 kilometres south of the Karnataka–Goa border and 519 km north-west of Bangalore. The town gave its name to Carwar/Karwar Street in Ballard Estate, Fort, South Mumbai near Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus.
Karwar was and still is called by the nearby southern villagers as 'Kone,' meaning the corner of the landmass before the river Kali. Karwar derived its name from the nearby village of Kadwad, which was prominent during the British India. It is derived from a nearby village called Kadwad (the British, probably, had trouble pronouncing "d" and replaced it with "r"). The present Karwar town is entirely a new settlement. During the pre-Indian independence era, Karwar was historically spelt as "Carwar".

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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.

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Maharashtra
Maharashtra /mɑːhəˈrɑːʃtrə/ (Marathi: महाराष्ट् mahārāṣṭra [məharaːʂʈrə] ( listen)) is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India. Maharashtra is the richest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.3% of its GDP (2006–2007 figures).
Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the south, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, and Goa to the southwest. The state covers an area of 307,731 km² (118,816 sq mi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India. Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is India's largest city and the financial capital of the nation. Nagpur is the second capital of the state. Marathi is the official language.
Maharashtra is the world's second most populous first-level administrative country sub-division. Were it a nation in its own right, Maharashtra would be the world's tenth most populous country ahead of Mexico.

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Malwa
Malwa (Devnagari: मालवा,) is a natural region in west-central northern India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin.
Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland south of the Vindhya Range. Politically and administratively, the historical Malwa region includes districts of western Madhya Pradesh and parts of south-eastern Rajasthan. The definition of Malwa is sometimes extended to include the Nimar region north of the Vindhyas.
The Malwa region had been a separate political unit from the time of the ancient Malava Kingdom. It has been ruled by several kingdoms and dynasties, including the Avanti Kingdom, the Mauryans, the Guptas, the Parmaras, the Malwa sultans, the Mughals and the Marathas. Malwa continued to be an administrative division until 1947, when the Malwa Agency of British India was merged into Madhya Bharat (also known as Malwa Union) state of independent India.
Although its political borders have fluctuated throughout history, the region has developed its own distinct culture, influenced by the Rajasthani, Marathi and Gujarati cultures. Several prominent people in the history of India have hailed from Malwa, including the poet and dramatist Kalidasa, the author Bhartrihari, the mathematicians and astronomers Varahamihira and Brahmagupta, and the polymath king Bhoja. Ujjain had been the political, economic, and cultural capital of the region in ancient times, and Indore is presently the largest city and commercial centre.

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Mudhol
Mudhol (ಮುಧೋಳ)is a town in the Bagalkot District in the Northern part of the state of Karnataka, India. It is about 60 km from the district headquarters of Bagalkot town on the left bank of the Ghataprabha River. It is famous for a breed of dog known as the Mudhol Hound.
The Principality of Mudhol was one of the 9-gun princely states of British India, under the summit of Niranjan.The state measured 368 square miles (508 km²) in area. According to the 1901 census, the population was 63,001, with the population of the town itself at 8,359 in that year. In 1901, the state enjoyed revenue estimated at £20,000. The state flag, called 'Bavuta', was a triangular tricolor of horizontal bands, in order from the top: white, black and green. All color bands came to the point in the fly.
Mudhol is located at 16°21′N 75°17′E / 16.35°N 75.28°E / 16.35; 75.28. It has an average elevation of 549 metres (1801 feet).
As of 2007^[update] India and mudhol census ..,Mudhol has a population of 1,03,612. Males contributes 51% of the population and females 49%. Mudhol has an average literacy rate of 59%, male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 40%. mudhol has an average ratio of 60:40 males and females. In Mudhol, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. and the noticiable point of mudhol is it has a brand breed of Dogs called "Mudhol Hounds" famous for hunting. Kannada is the official language. Marathi is spoken widely.

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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire, Shahan-e-Gurkhani, Shahan-e-Mughal, Sultanate-e-Mughliya, Daulat-e-Mughliya (Persian: شاهان گورکانی‎ Shāhān-e Gūrkānī; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت; self-designation: گوركانى Gūrkānī ),‎ or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. According to "Babur-Nama", Kazakh tribal aristocracy along with number of other Turkic soldiers participated actively in the campaign of Babur, which made great influence over the development of Mughal Empire. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).

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Pakistan
Pakistan (ⁱ/ˈpækɨstæn/ or ⁱ/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.

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Peshawar
Peshawar (Pashto: پېښور Pēx̌awar; Hindko: پيشور Pishōr; Urdu: پشاور Pishāwar; Persian: پیشاور‎ P īshāwar; pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as NWFP), and the administrative centre and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass. Known as "City on the Frontier", Peshawar's strategic location on the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia has made it one of the most culturally vibrant and lively cities in the greater region. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar has evolved into one of Pakistan's most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities. In the last three decades, there has been a significant increase in urban population, in part due to internal migration of people in search of better employment opportunities, education, and services, and in part because of the influx of Afghan refugees and other people displaced by military operations and civil unrest in neighboring regions. Peshawar is the major educational, political and business center of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

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Pune
Pune, formerly Poona (pronounced [puɳeː] ( listen)), is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. Pune city is the administrative capital of Pune district.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Pune was originally called Punawadi. In 1730, Pune became an important political center as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara; it was during this era that Pune became the centre of Indian politics. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities and relative prosperity. Pune is the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Pune has well-established manufacturing, glass, sugar, and forging industries since the 1950-60s. It has a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district. The city is known for various cultural activities like classical music, spirituality, theatre, sports, and literature. These activities and job opportunities attract migrants and students from all over India and abroad, which makes for a city of many communities and cultures.

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Raigad fort
Raigad (Marathi:रायगड) is a hill fortress situated in the modern day near mahad, Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. The Maratha king Shivaji Maharaj made the fort his capital in 1674 when he was crowned King of a Maratha Kingdom which later developed into the Maratha Empire eventually covering majority of modern day India.
The fort, which rises 820 metres (2,700 ft) above sea level, is located in the Sahyadri mountain range. There are approximately 1400–1450 steps leading to the fort, though today a rope-way exists to reach the top of the fort. The fort was looted and destroyed by the British upon siege.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj had seized the fort in 1656, then the fortress of Rairi, from the royal house of the Chandrarrao Mores, a junior or Cadet dynasty to descended from the ancient Maurya imperial dynasty. The last More king (or raja) was a feudatory of the Sultan of Bijapur.
Shivaji renovated and expanded the Fortress of Rairi and renamed it Raigad (the King's Fort), the name he gave it when he selected it for his capital when he founded the Maratha empire. Raigad, a hill fortress situated in Raigad District of Maharashtra, It was capital of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's kingdom.

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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ⁱ/ʃriː ˈlɑːŋkə/, /sriːˈlɑːŋkə/, or /sriːˈlæŋkə/;Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, Tamil: இலங்கை), is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon ( /sɨˈlɒn/, /seɪˈlɒn/, or /siːˈlɒn/), Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives.
As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. It was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road. Sri Lanka has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, being the nation where the Buddhist teachings were first written down as well as the oldest continually Buddhist country. Sri Lanka boasts a diverse range of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population; Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island, form the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people.

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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Thanjavur
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, is a municipality and the headquarters of the Thanjavur District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The name Thanjavur is derived from "Tanjan", a legendary asura in Hindu mythology. Thanjavur is one of the ancient cities in India and has a long and varied history dating back to the Sangam period. The town was founded by Mutharayar king Swaran Maran and rose to prominence during the rule of the Later Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks and British. It has been a part of independent India since 1947.
Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian art and architecture. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments are located in and around Thanjavur. The foremost among the Great Living Chola temples, the Brihadeeswara Temple, is located in the center of the city. Thanjavur is also the home of the Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region. The city is an important agricultural center located at the heart of the region, known as the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. South Zone Culture Centre in Thanjavur is one of many regional cultural centres established by Indian Government to preserve and promote traditional cultural heritage of India. It had a population of a 2,90,732 in 2011.

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Ujjain
Ujjain pronunciation (help·info) (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti, Avantikapuri), is an ancient city of Malwa region in central India, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River (Hindi: क्षिप्रा), today part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative centre of Ujjain District and Ujjain Division.
In ancient times the city was called Ujjayini. As mentioned in the Mahabharata epic, Ujjayini was the capital of the Avanti Kingdom, and has been the Prime Meridian for Hindu geographers since the 4th century BCE. Ujjain is one of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) of the Hindus, and the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every 12 years. It is also home to Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines to the god Shiva and is also the place where Lord Krishna got education with Balarama and Sudama from Maharshi Sandipani.

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Vadodara
Vadodara, formerly known as Baroda, is the third largest and most populated city in the Indian State of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. Historical and archaeological findings date this place back to the 9th century when it was a small town called Ankottaka (present Akota) located on the right bank of the river Vishvamitri (whose name is derived from the great saint Rishi Vishwamitra). Ankottaka was a famous centre of Jainism in the 5th and 6th century AD. Some of the Akota bronze images can be seen in the Vadodara Museum. The city was once called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja Chandan of Dor tribe of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had also another name "Virakshetra" or "Virawati" (a land of warriors). Later on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodará, which according to tradition is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means 'in the heart of the banyan tree'. It is now almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived. Again in 1974 the name changed to Vadodara.

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Ashoka
Ashoka (Devanāgarī: अशोक, IAST: Aśoka, IPA: [aˈɕoːkə], ca. 304–232 BC), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from ca. 269 BC to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests. His empire stretched from present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan in the west, to the present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of Assam in the east, and as far south as northern Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. He conquered the kingdom named Kalinga, which none of his ancestors had conquered starting from Chandragupta Maurya. His reign was headquartered in Magadha (present-day Bihar). He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the mass deaths of the Kalinga War, which he himself had waged out of a desire for conquest. He was later dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across Asia and established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha. Ashoka was a devotee of ahimsa (nonviolence), love, truth, tolerance and vegetarianism. Ashoka is remembered in history as a philanthropic administrator. In the history of India, Ashoka is referred to as Samraat Chakravartin Ashoka – the "Emperor of Emperors Ashoka".

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Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhiu 'd-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb (Persian/Urdu: ابلمظفر محىالدين محمداورنگزيب, Hindi: अबुल मुज़फ्फर मुहिउद्दीन मुहम्मद औरंगज़ेब आलमगीर) (4 November [O.S. 25 October] 1618 – 3 March [O.S. 20 February] 1707), is more popularly known as Aurangzeb, or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir ("Conquerer of the World"), he was the sixth Mughal Emperor, whose reign lasted for 49 years, from 1658 until his death in 1707.
Aurangzeb was a notable expansionist and was also among the wealthiest of the previous Mughal rulers with an annual yearly tribute of £38,624,680 (in the year 1690), during his lifetime victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to more than 1.25 million square miles, he ruled over more than 150 million subjects, constituting nearly one fourth of the world's population.
Aurangzeb was born the third son and sixth child of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Bāno Begam) in Dahod on the way to Ujjain. Aurangzeb was born when Shah Jahan was a governor of Gujarat suba. In June 1626, after an unsuccessful rebellion by his father, Aurangzeb and his brother Dara Shikoh were kept as hostages under Nur Jahan at there grandfather Jahangir's Lahore court. On 26 February 1628, Shah Jahan was officially declared the Mughal Emperor, and then Aurangzeb returned to Agra fort to live with his parents and Since then Aurangzeb received his formal education in Arabic and Persian. His daily allowance were fixed to 500, while he spent his allowance in religious education and the study of history, he accused his brothers of alcoholism and womanizing.

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Brahmin
Brahmin (also called Brahman; from Sanskrit brāhmaṇa ब्राह्मण) is a name used to designate a member of one of the four varnas (castes) in the traditional Hindu societys of Nepal and India.
Brahman, Brahmin and Brahma have different meanings. Brahman refers to the Supreme Self. Brahmin or Brahmana refers to an individual, while the word Brahma refers to the creative aspect of the universal consciousness. The English word brahmin is an anglicised form of the Sanskrit word Brāhmana. In the Smriti view there are four "varnas", or classes: the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas, and Shudras. The Atreya smriti 141-142 enjoins that
One is a Shudra by birth
samskarad dvija ucyate
By observing Sanskara one becomes a Dvija
vedapathi bhaved viprah
By studying the Vedas one becomes a Vipra
brahma janati brahmanah

Traditionally Brahmin was the name given to persons who had attained the highest spiritual knowledge (brahmavidya) and who adhered to different branches (shakhas) of Vedas. This was described to be a difficult path of discipline of body, mind, and intellect. Irrespective of their birth or class,^{[citation needed]} people who were dedicated to such an austere life were recognized as Brahmins.^{[citation needed]} An example of this definition of Brahmin, that a person becomes a Brahmin, rather than being born as one, is the story of the sage Vishwamitra, who was a warrior, who became a Brahmin after attaining brahmavidya, and composed the Gayatri mantra. ^{[defunct example from period before dharmashastras So,}^{[citation needed]} The belief that people born into the Brahmin caste, automatically become Brahmins, is a concept that emerged later in ancient India.^{[citation needed]}

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Jijabai
Jijabai (Marathi: जीज़ाबाई भोसले) was the mother of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire.
Jijabai was born on 12 January 1598 and a daughter of Lakhoji Jadhav in present-day Buldhana district of Maharashtra State. As per the customs of that age, she was wed at an early age to Shahaji Bhosale, a nobleman and military commander under the Adil Shahi sultans of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka. She was his first wife.
Jijabai gave birth to eight children, six daughters and two sons. Of these only the two sons, Sambhaji and Shivaji, survived while the rest died in infancy.
She wholeheartedly supported her husband's cause. Shahaji had tried to establish a Hindu state on the ruins of the erstwhile Nizamshahi sultanate. However he was defeated by the combined forces of the Mughals and Adilshahi. Shahaji became a sardar in Adilshaha's army. He settled in Karnataka and got married again. As per the treaty he was forced to move south. In order to continue the struggle, he deputed her as queen regent.

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Konkani people
Konkani people (Devanagari:कोंकणी लोक,Koṅkaṇī lok,कोंकणे Koṅkaṇe,or sometimes कोंकणस्थ Koṅkaṇstha), form a group of people mainly found in the Konkan Coast of western India whose mother-tongue is the Konkani language.
The word Konkan and in turn Konkani is derived from Kuṅkaṇ or Kuṅkaṇu.Different authorities explain etymology of this word differently.Kokani language is Dilect of Marathi Some include:
Thus the name Konkane, comes from the word Konkaṇ,which means the people of Konkan.
The Konkani people speak different dialects of Konkani, their native tongue; although a very high percentage are bilingual. This is because the Konkanis are spread out across the western coast of India,and dwell in areas where they have to interact with other non-Konkani speaking people on daily basis.It is believed that majority of them originated in Maharashtra and Goa, and migrated along the coast and even inland in last few centuries due to various socio-economical as well as religious reason.They can be found in the Konkan Division, Goa, Canara and small pockets in Kerala. Many have later migrated to different parts of Gujarat, Desh region of Maharashtra and North Karnataka, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.^{[citation needed]}

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Lakhuji Jadhav
Lakhuji Jadhav, a prominent grandee of Sindkhed Raja in the present-day Buldhana district of Maharashtra state during the 16th century. He was Jahigirdar in the court of Nizam Shahi Sultans of Daulatabad in thee present day Maharashtra.
His daughter was Jijabai, the mother of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire. She was born on 12 January 1598 and married at an early age to Shahaji Bhosale, a nobleman and military commander under the Adil Shahi sultans of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka.
Shivaji Raje Bhosale, founder of Maratha Empire was his grandson and second son of his daughter Jijabai and her husband Shahaji Bhosale.

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Marathi people
The Marathi people or Maharashtrians (Marathi: मराठी माणसं or महाराष्ट्रीय) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Maharashtra region and state of western India. Their language Marathi is part of the southern group of Indo-Aryan languages. Although their history goes back more than a millennium, the community came to prominence when Maratha warriors under Shivaji established the Maratha Empire in 1674. If regarded as a single ethnic group, the Marathi constitute the 17th largest ethnic group.
The term 'Marathi people' is derived from the language commonly spoken by this ethnicity, i.e. Marathi.
The term Maratha or its plural Marathe was used between the 17th and 19th centuries, coinciding with the existence of the Maratha Empire. However, at the beginning of 20th century, due to the efforts of Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur, the peasant Indo-Aryan Kshatriya Marathi class called Kunbi started using the word Maratha to describe themselves. The current usage of the term Maratha applies mainly to the former Indo-Aryan Kshatriya Kunbi caste as well as the 96 clan upper caste Maratha group and not to the wider Marathi community.

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Prithviraj Chavan
Prithviraj Chavan (Marathi: पृथ्वीराज चव्हाण, born 17 March 1946) is the current and 22nd Chief Minister of Maharashtra. The Indian National Congress selected him to be the successor of Ashok Chavan. He was a Member of the Parliament of India representing Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He was the Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office.
He has graduated in Mechanical Engineering from Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India. He also holds a Masters degree from the University of California at Berkeley. He wrote articles on computer science; engineering design; and also contribution to research in computerization of Indian languages in his early days before entering the politics.
Prithviraj Chavan was born to Late.Shri.Anandrao alias Dajisaheb Chavan who Member of Loksabha and served as Minister for various portfolios under the Prime-Ministership of Late.Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru,Late.Lal Bahadur Shastri and Late.Smt.Indira Gandhi.His mother was Late.Smt.Premalakaki Chavan,who was elected as Member of Loksabha after the death of her husband Late.Shri.Anandrao Chavan from his Karad constituency and served in the same capacity for all consecutive terms till her death in 1991. Chavan started his political career in 1991,his name was proposed by Mr. Hindurao Sakharam Jagtap (President Karad Taluka Youth congress Committee)in place of Smt.Premlatatai Chavan,his mother and won the family seat of Karad thrice, in '91, '96 and '98 and lost it in 1999.

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Pulakesi II
Pulakeshin II (Kannada: ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಪುಲಿಕೇಶಿ), Immadi Pulikeshi (610–642 CE) is the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty. In his reign the Chalukyas of Badami saw their kingdom extend over most of the Deccan.
Ereya, who assumed the name Pulakeshin on his coronation, was born to the Chalukya king [Kirtivarma|Kirtivarman I]. When Kirtivarma died in 597, Ereya was still a young boy and Kirtivarma's brother Mangalesa governed the young kingdom as regent until Ereya came of age. Mangalesa was a capable ruler and continued expanding the kingdom. However, when Ereya came of age, desire for power perhaps made Mangalesa deny prince Ereya his rightful place on the Chalukya throne, and he sought to perpetuate his own line by making his son heir apparent.
Ereya took shelter in the Bana territory (Kolar), organised an army with the help of his associates and declared war on his uncle. According to the Peddavadagur inscription Mangalesa was defeated and killed in the ensuing battle at Elapattu Simbige. Ereya ascended the Chalukya throne as Pulakeshin II and assumed the title Chalukya Parameshwara. pulakeshin built many a temples such as badami,Papanatha,durga and ladhkhan

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Rajinikanth
Rajinikanth (born 12 December 1950 as Shivaji Rao Gaikwad) is an Indian film actor, media personality, and cultural icon. He made his debut as an actor in the National Film Award–winning motion picture Apoorva Raagangal (1975), directed by K. Balachander, whom the actor considers his mentor.
After a brief phase of portraying antagonistic characters in Tamil films, he gradually rose to become an established film actor. Within a few years of his career, he was claimed to be the superstar of Tamil cinema and has since continued to hold a matinee idol status in the popular culture of India. His mannerisms and stylised delivery of dialogue in films contribute to his mass popularity and appeal. While working in other regional film industries of India, he also appeared in the cinemas of other nations, including in that of the United States. After being paid 26 crore (US$5.9 million) for his role in Sivaji (2007), he became the highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan. He is one of the most influential actors in the film industry due to his overwhelming back-driven influence on politics in Tamil Nadu.

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Rama Raghoba Rane
Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane(Konkani: रामा राघोबा राणे), was born on 26 June 1918 at Chendia, Karwar, Karnataka, India. He comes from Konkan Kshatriya Maratha community of Karwar. His statue has been erected in Karwar. He was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers on 15 December 1947. He retired as a Major from the Indian Army in 1968. During his 21 years' service with the Army, he earned five M-in-D (Mentioned-in-Despatches). He served with distinction during the 1947-48 Jammu and Kashmir operations. He was awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his courage and gallantry during the war against Pakistan.
On 18 March 1948, the Army recaptured Jhangar, which had been lost to the enemy in December 1947. Before reaching Rajauri the troops of Major Aatmsingh had captured Zangad vilaage and had drowen away the Pakistani troops from there. The Pakistani troops had destroyed tha National Highway between Rajauri and Punj.
The Indian troops then planned an advance from Naushahra to Rajauri to protect the natives from atrocities of the raiders. Half-way lay the Chingas, on the old Mughal route to Kashmir. The 4 Dogra commenced the advance to Rajauri on 8 April 1948. It attacked the Barwali ridge, 11 km north of Naushahra and captured it after driving out the enemy from well-prepared positions. But beyond Barwali, the increasing number of road-blocks and minefields obstructed the progress of the battalion. Even armour could not cross over these obstacles.

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Shahaji
Shahaji Raje Bhosle (Marathi: शहाजी राजे भोसले) was an early exponent of guerilla warfare. He was the eldest son of Maloji Bhosale of Verul (present-day Ellora, Maharashtra). He brought the house of Bhosle into prominence. The princely states of Tanjore, Kolhapur and Satara are Bhosle legacies. He was father of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire.
Islamic ruler Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur, appointed Hindus to key positions and changed the official court language from Persian to Marathi. Maloji was childless for a long time. Two sons were born to him after seeking blessings from a famous Sufi pir of the time, named Shah Sharif. In honour of the pir, Maloji named his sons Shahaji and Sharifji. Maloji was a capable soldier and eventually became an independent Jagirdar in the court of Adil Shah.
Maharaja Shahaji was an extremely ambitious and capable general. At a young age, Maharaja Shahaji had achieved a lot. He was well known not only for his military and leadership skills but also as a Man who kept his word. Maharaja Shahaji had not lost a single battle in his entire life which made him the prominent Maratha legend who was treated even at par with Nizam and Adilshah.

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Sharad Pawar
Sharadchandra Govindrao Pawar (Marathi: शरदचंद्र गोविंदराव पवार; born 12 December 1940), popularly known as Sharad Pawar), is the president of the Nationalist Congress Party which he founded in 1999, after separating from the Indian National Congress. He has previously held the posts of Minister of Defence and Chief Minister of Maharashtra and currently serves as Minister of Agriculture, Government of India.
Pawar is from the town of Baramati in the Pune district of Maharashtra. He leads the NCP delegation in the Lok Sabha, representing his constituency of Madha in Maharashtra. He has a prominence in national politics as well as regional politics of Maharashtra, although marred by frequent corruption allegations.
Pawar also served as the Chairman of the Board of Control for Cricket in India from 2005 to 2008. In 2010, Sharad Pawar became the International Cricket Council president after England's David Morgan.
Pawar is one of the ten children (six sons and four daughters) born to Govindrao Pawar and Shardabai baramati). Govindrao was employed by the Baramati farmers' Cooperative ( Sahakari Kharedi Vikri Sangh) while his mother looked after the family farm at Katewadi, ten kilometers from Baramati. Most of siblings were well educated and were either professionals or ran their own businesses. Pawar studied at BrihanMaharashtra College of Commerce (BMCC)in Pune. He was an average student, however, active in student politics. Pawar's first political act was when he organized a protest march for Goan Independence in Pravaranagar in 1956., Pawar is married to Pratibha (Shinde). They have one daughter, Supriya who is married to Sadanand Sule and now is active in politics. Pawar's nephew, Ajit Pawar is also a prominent politician in his own right and presently serving as the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra. Pawar's younger brother, Pratap runs the influential Marathi daily, Sakal

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Shivaji
Shivaji Bhosale ([ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), with the royal title Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was a Maratha sovereign who founded the Maratha Empire, which, at its peak, covered much of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing a territory of over 2.8 million km². Shivaji as an aristocrat of the Bhosle clan led a resistance to free the Maratha people from the Sultanate of Bijapur and the Mughal Empire and established a Hindavi Swarajya ("self-rule of Hindu people"). He created an independent Maratha kingdom with Raigad as its capital. He was crowned as Chhatrapati ("sovereign") of the Maratha empire in 1674.
He established a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of a well-regulated and disciplined military and well-structured administrative organizations. He also innovated rules of military engagement, pioneering the "Shiva sutra" or ganimi kava (guerrilla tactics), which leveraged strategic factors like geography, speed, surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat his larger and more powerful enemies From a small contingent of 2,000 soldiers inherited from his father, he created a formidable force of 100,000 soldiers. He built and restored forts located strategically on land & sea for secure lands and coastline. He revived ancient Hindu political tradition & court conventions, and promoted Marathi and Sanskrit in court and administration usage. He is well known for his strong religious and warrior code of ethics and exemplary character. He was recognized as a great national hero during Indian Independence movement.

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Smita Patil
Smita Patil (17 October 1955 – 13 December 1986) was an Indian actress of film, television and theatre. Regarded among the finest stage and film actresses of her times, Patil appeared in over 75 Hindi and Marathi films in a career that spanned just over a decade. During her career, she received two National Film Awards and a Filmfare Award. She was the recipient of the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour in 1985.
Patil graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India in Pune and made her film debut with Shyam Benegal's Charandas Chor (1975). She became one of the leading actresses of parallel cinema, a New Wave movement in India cinema, though she also appeared in several mainstream movies throughout her career. Her performances were often acclaimed, and her most notable roles include Manthan (1977), Bhumika (1977), Aakrosh (1980), Chakra (1981), Chidambaram (1985) and Mirch Masala (1985).
Apart from acting, Patil was an active feminist (in a distinctly Indian context) and a member of the Women's Centre in Mumbai. She was deeply committed to the advancement of women's issues, and gave her endorsement to films which sought to explore the role of women in traditional Indian society, their sexuality, and the changes facing the middle-class woman in an urban milieu.

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The Great Maratha Part 1

www.youtube.com Click on 'interactive Transcript' at bottom right for English subtitles. -...

published: 22 Dec 2010

author: Amit Tarkar

The Marathas

Follow Raigad....................

published: 30 Sep 2008

author: vishugd

Empire:Total War - First Anglo-Maratha War (1777-1782) - Historical Battle

!!! SUBSCRIBE !!! White Knight Total War Videos Presents: A Video dedicated to all the peo...

published: 10 Aug 2009

author: scharf05

Military and Economic Policies of the Marathas

The audio-visual talks about how the Maratha kingdom was a powerful regional kingdom to ar...

published: 04 May 2012

author: Iken Edu

Marathas Galaxy 12 Group Dance

Marathas( Hall 9, GH 1 & Hall 4)'s group dance in galaxy'12 iit kanpur Sorry for the shaki...

published: 26 Mar 2012

author: Parth Saurav

IITK Marathas Group Dance Galaxy 2012

Recorded using Samsung Galaxy Note...

published: 26 Mar 2012

author: Sayan Das

Pune Marathas - EFLI Team Profile

...

published: 03 Nov 2012

author: Evan Rosenfeld

IITK Marathas Dance Dramatics Galaxy 2012

Recorded using Samsung Galaxy Note...

published: 26 Mar 2012

author: Sayan Das

Sohail Khan's Big Sacrifice for Veer Marathas

Bollywood actors Bipasha Basu, Ritesh Deshmukh and Sohail Khan were at the Celebrity Crick...

published: 05 Jan 2013

author: SpicyBollywood

The Great Maratha Part 2

Click on 'interactive Transcript' at bottom right for English subtitles. --- thanks to Dar...

published: 22 Dec 2010

author: Amit Tarkar

Veer Marathas all ready for CCL

Bollywood actors Bipasha Basu, Ritesh Deshmukh and Sohail Khan were at the Celebrity Crick...

published: 26 Dec 2012

author: TheBollywoodShow

The Great Maratha Part 3

www.youtube.com Click on 'interactive Transcript' at bottom right for English subtitles. -...

published: 22 Dec 2010

author: Amit Tarkar

The Great Maratha Part 4

Click on 'interactive Transcript' at bottom right for English subtitles. --- thanks to Dar...

published: 22 Dec 2010

author: Amit Tarkar

The marathas

...

published: 28 Nov 2012

author: placeforkids

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photo: AP / Aleppo Revolution Against Assad Regime

This citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Revolution Against Assad's Regime which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows dead bodies on a street in Aleppo, Syria Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013.

Syria Massacre: Group Says At Least 65 Found Shot In Head, With Hands Bound In Aleppo

Huffington Post

29 Jan 2013

By Alexander Dziadosz and Oliver Holmes. BEIRUT, Jan 29 (Reuters) - At least 65 people were found shot dead with their hands bound in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo on Tuesday in a "new massacre" in the near two-year revolt against President Bashar al-Assad, activists said. Opposition campaigners blamed the government but it was impossible to confirm who was responsible ... The U.N ... State media did not mention the incident ... STALEMATE ... ....(size: 9.0Kb)

photo: AP / Korea Aerospace Research Institute

In this photo released by Korea Aerospace Research Institute, South Korea's rocket lifts off from its launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013.

South Korea launches rocket carrying satellite in battle for space supremacy

The Guardian

30 Jan 2013

Launch of 140-tonne rocket likely to anger North Korea, which incurred tougher UN sanctions after December launch. The rocket takes off from its launchpad at Naro, south of Seoul. South Korea has twice before failed to put a satellite into space. Photograph. Kari/AFP/Getty Images ... Relief greeted the Naro rocket's flawless liftoff from a space centre on the south coast at 4pm local time ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

photo: US DoD / U.S. Army Staff Sgt Sun L. Vega, Joint Staff

President Barack Obama delivers his remarks with the all the Senior Enlisted Members representing their perspective service at the Commanders in Chief Ball on January 21, 2013 at the Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C.

Obama secretly pledges to divide Jerusalem

WorldNetDaily

27 Jan 2013

TEL AVIV – Now that he has secured his second term, President Barack Obama has already secretly pledged to the Palestinians he will press Israel into a new round of so-called land-for-peace negotiations, a top Palestinian Authority negotiator told WND. The negotiator said top members of the Obama administration told the Palestinians the U.S....(size: 2.2Kb)

photo: AP / David Guttenfelder

N. Korea revealed - on Google

Star Tribune

30 Jan 2013

SEOUL - Until Tuesday, North Korea appeared on Google Maps as a near-total white space -- no roads, no train lines, no parks and no restaurants. The only thing labeled was the capital city, Pyongyang. This all changed when Google, on Tuesday, rolled out a detailed map of one of the world's most secretive states ... Similar processes were used in other once-unmapped countries like Afghanistan and Myanmar ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

photo: AP / Khalil Hamra

Morsy declares emergency in Egypt’s restive cities

The Hindu

28 Jan 2013

Egyptian President Mohamed Morsy on Sunday declared a state of emergency and a nightime curfew for one month in three restive cities after days of deadly violence. Mr. Morsy, facing his worst crisis since taking office in June, said the measures would take effect on Sunday night in the cities of Port Said, Suez and Ismailia ... Keywords....(size: 1.7Kb)

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BJP 'tamasha' on PM candidate will keep nation entertained: Congress

The Times of India

31 Jan 2013

NEW DELHI. Congress poked fun at NDA ally Shiv Sena suggesting Sushma Swaraj's name after Narendra Modi for the PM's post, saying the drama dictated by factional politics of the saffron camp would entertain the country till the 2014 elections ... The comment did not raise any concern in Congress which appears aware of the fact that the Maratha leader lacks the political base to propel him beyond a miniscule Lok Sabha tally. ....(size: 2.1Kb)

Uddhav-Raj union in the making?

Zeenews

30 Jan 2013

Zeenews Bureau. New Delhi ... The two political parties, which are trying to capture the void created by the demise of Shiv Sena founder Bal Thackeray and become the flag bearer of the Maratha cause, have to compete with each other in order to gain an upper hand in Maharashtra politics ... First Published ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)

Shiv Sena-MNS merger likely ahead of 2014 polls

Zeenews

30 Jan 2013

Zeenews Bureau. New Delhi ... The two political parties, which are trying to capture the void created by the demise of Shiv Sena founder Bal Thackeray and become the flag bearer of the Maratha cause, have to compete with each other in order to gain an upperh hand in Maharashtra politics ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)

Uddhav Thackeray hints at patching up with Raj

Zeenews

30 Jan 2013

Zeenews Bureau. New Delhi ... The two political parties, which are trying to capture the void created by the demise of Shiv Sena founder Bal Thackeray and become the flag-bearer of the ‘Maratha’ cause, have to compete with each other in order to gain an upper hand in Maharashtra politics ... The two of us have to decide the answer together." ... For Zee News’s Updates, follow us on Twitter , Facebook, Google+, Pinterest ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

Army rejects calls to raise new units based on caste or religion

The Times of India

30 Jan 2013

NEW DELHI. The Army has once again strongly rejected calls for raising new "single-class" units like the Gujarat, Kalinga, Dalit, Ahir, Paswan or Tribal regiments as well as attempts to tinker with its "time-tested" regimental system ... Many artillery medium or field regiments, for instance, are "pure" ones recruiting only Gorkhas, Sikhs, Jats, Ahirs or Marathas into their respective folds ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)

Army rejects bid to raise new units based on caste or religion

The Times of India

29 Jan 2013

A healthy dose now on the shelves!

The Times of India

29 Jan 2013

Recipes customised by nutritionists, cardiologists and diabetologists are the latest fad in cookbooks ... We've seen recipe books on cuisines from Punjab to Maratha, the Dravida regions, and Orissa and Bengal, even Jammu and Kashmir.) With globalisation, celebrated Indian chefs and authors didn't waste much time to bring on the Indian platter International cuisine either, whether original or twisted well for our taste buds ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)

I don't believe Muslims are a problem and Islam a threat

The Siasat Daily

29 Jan 2013

January 28 .. 'When Sikhs were killed in the Afghan-Sikh war in 1837, the Afridis used to bury their heads like flowerpots in the ground,' writer and popular historian William Dalrymple tells Rediff.com's Syed Firdaus Ashraf ... "The British are partly responsible for stereotyping Islam ... Empires come and go ... Yes ... The reality is that Aurangzeb while fighting the Marathas felt it was pointless to (also) fight the Pathans of the frontier tribes....(size: 16.2Kb)

Too old for govt job, not good for pvt sector

Indian Express

26 Jan 2013

Sadashiv Shintre (78) received a Sena Medal for gallantry during the 1971 Indo-Pak War ... Shintre, who retired in 1980 from the Maratha Regiment, marched smartly down the length of Rajpath with the Ex-Servicemen Contingent ... R D Padwal of the Maratha Regiment see it as an occasion to show solidarity with their children who are serving in the country's armed forces ... contd. PAGE. 12 ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Cultural heritage, military might on display at R-Day parade

The Hindu

26 Jan 2013

General Officer Commanding (Delhi) Lt ... Antony, UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi, and top political and military brass ... The Army contingent from horse-mounted columns of the 61st Cavalry, Mechanised Infantry Regiment, Maratha Light Infantry, Dogra Regiment, Garhwal Rifles, Ladakh Scouts, 8 Gorkha Training Centre, Army Ordnance Corps and Territorial Army (Punjab) marched to the martial tunes ... Keywords....(size: 2.9Kb)

Republic Day: Cultural heritage, military might on display at 26th Jan parade

The Times of India

26 Jan 2013

NEW DELHI ... The Army contingent from horse-mounted columns of the 61st Cavalry, Mechanised Infantry Regiment, Maratha Light Infantry, Dogra Regiment, Garhwal Rifles, Ladakh Scouts, 8 Gorkha Training Centre, Army Ordnance Corps and Territorial Army (Punjab) marched to the martial tunes. The next to follow were smartly-dressed Navy personnel and then the Air Force contingent ... ' ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)

Strong, resurgent India to celebrate its 64th Republic Day

Newstrack India

26 Jan 2013

Tweet. New Delhi, Jan.26 (ANI). A strong and resurgent India will be celebrating its 64th Republic Day today ... The parade will be commanded by Lt ... A ... The marching contingents of Army will include the horse-mounted columns of the 61st Cavalry, Mechanized Infantry Regiment, Maratha Light Infantry, Dogra Regiment, Garhwal Rifles, Ladakh Scouts, 8 Gorkha Training Centre, Army Ordnance Corps and Territorial Army (Punjab) ... (ANI). Post comments. ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)

India shows military prowess, culture as 64th Republic Day pageant ends

Newstrack India

26 Jan 2013

Tweet. New Delhi, Jan.26 (ANI). A strong and resurgent India celebrated its 64th Republic Day on Saturday amidst tight security and colourful pageantry ... A ... (DRDO) ... The marching contingents of Army included the horse-mounted columns of the 61st Cavalry, Mechanized Infantry Regiment, Maratha Light Infantry, Dogra Regiment, Garhwal Rifles, Ladakh Scouts, 8 Gorkha Training Centre, Army Ordnance Corps and Territorial Army (Punjab) ... (ANI) ... ) . ... ....(size: 8.7Kb)

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This article is about the specific "Maratha caste". For the wider group of Marathi speakers, see Marathi people.

Maratha

75px 80px

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj • Sharad Pawar • Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane• Smita Patil• Prithviraj Chavan• Ritesh Deshmukh • Rajinikanth

Varna

Kshatriya^[1]^[2]^[3]

Religions

Hinduism

Languages

Marathi

Populated States

India, particularly Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Goa and Karnataka.

The Maratha (IPA: [ˈməraʈa];, archaically transliterated as Marhatta or Mahratta) are an Indian caste, found predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. The term Marāthā has three related usages: within the Marathi speaking region it describes the dominant Maratha caste; outside Maharashtra it can refer to the entire regional population of Marathi-speaking people; historically, it describes the Maratha Empire founded by Shivaji in the seventeenth century and continued by his successors, which included many castes.^[4]

They primarily reside in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Goa. Those in Goa and neighbouring Karwar are known specifically as Konkan Marathas as an affiliation to their regional and linguistic alignment.^[5] The Dhangar Ahirs of Indore call themselves as Marathas.^[6]

1 Etymology
2 Maratha clans
3 History
4 Maratha dynasties and states
5 Internal diaspora
6 Political participation
7 Military service
8 Notable Marathas
9 References
10 Sources
11 External links

Etymology [link]

Caste population in Maharashtra in 1931^[7]
Community	Population
Maratha	52,45,040
Kunbi	21,16,500
Brahmin	9,14,757
Mali caste	7,05,799
Bharwad	4,09,935
Veershaiva Lingayat	3,16,225

The word Maratha is used for Kshatriya caste belonging to Maharashtra.^[1] The Marathas .

The modern Marathi language developed from the Prakrit known as Mahārāshtri;^{[citation needed]} the words Maratha and Marathi may be a derivative of the Prakrit word Marhatta found in Jain Maharashtri literature, itself from Sanskrit Maharāṣhṭra. The etymology of the words "Maharashtra" is uncertain; the various theories include:

It derives from the Sanskrit words Maha ("great") and rāṣhṭra ("nation", "dominion")
Maha (Sanskrit for "great") + rashtra, derived from the name of a clan known as rashtrika (rāṣṭrika) mentioned in some of Ashoka's inscriptions. Rashtrika alludes to a people of the Deccan who were progenitors of the Marathi-speaking people; that the later "Maharashtri Prakrit" is associated with these people
Maha (Sanskrit for "great") + rashtra, derived from ratta, supposedly a corruption of Rashtrakuta (the name of a dynasty that held sway over the Deccan from the 8th to 10th centuries).
Maha (Sanskrit for "great") + rathi or ratha (charioteer)

Maratha clans [link]

Main article: Maratha clan system

In theory, Marathas belong to one of the 96 different clans, known as the 96 Kuli Marathas or Chhānnava Kule.^[8] The actual organisation of this clan system is disputed in the popular culture and by historians; an authoritative listing was apparently first attempted in 1889 and a list finalised in 1956 by the Government of India.^{[citation needed]}

History [link]

Before Shivaji [link]

The history of the Maratha caste prior to Shivaji (1630–1680) is sparsely illuminated, although there is reference to the Marathas as the ruling class of the Deccan region in the Sri Lankan epic texts Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa.^{[citation needed]}

The fifth rock edict of Ashok Maurya (273 to 236 BCE) mentions the countries of the Rashtrikas and the Aparantas who were his feudatories and to whose dominions he had sent his "Dharma Matra". The Ceylonese chronicle Mahavamsa mentions the missions sent after the third Buddhist Council at Pataliputa - from which one Rakkhita (Rashtrika) was sent to Vanavasi (afterwards the Capital of Kadamb Kingdom) and a Yona Damma Rakkhita was deputed to Apranta (North Kokan) and Maharakkhita to Maharashtra Country. In the cave temples of Maharashtra, which began to be excavated about the middle of first century BCE, we find among the list of donors princes and chiefs, who call themselves Mahabhojas and Maharathis. In the great cave temple of Kara, the lion pillar in the Court near the entrance was scooped out by a Maharathi named Agimitra. Varaha - Mihir a famous astronomer of the sixth century, used the word Maharashtra, which later came to be corrupted into Mahratta or Maratha. Hiuen-Tsang calls Pulakesi II the Kshatriya king of Maharashtra (Mo-ho-la-cha) and describes his Maratha warriors as warriors from Mo-ho-la-cha who had hundreds of elephants which were intoxicated with liquor prior to battle and being invincible. He also goes on to say, "The king in consequences of possessing these men (The Marathas) and elephants, treats his neighbours with contempt. His plans and Undertaking are widespread, and his beneficient actions are felt over a great distance. His subjects obey him with perfect submission." Rajeshkar a Sanskrit author of the ninth century, used Marahatti (Marathi) in the feminine gender. The poet Jayamangal who lived in twelfth century, clearly defines the geographical limits of Maharashtra as follows : "Maharashtra is the name of country between the river Narmada and the province of Karnataka."^{[citation needed]}

Hiuen-Tsang describes the Marathas and their country as", "This country is about 5000 li in circuit. The capital borders on the west on a great river. It is about 30 li round. The soil is rich and fertile, it is regularly cultivated and very productive. The climate is hot, the disposition of the people is honest and simple, they are of medium build, and of a stern, vindictive character. To their benefactor they are grateful, to their enemies relentless. If they are insulted, they will risk their life to salvage themselves. If they are asked to help one in distress, they willingly agree to. If they are going to seek revenge, they first give their enemy warning, then each being armed they attack each other with lances, When one turns to flee, the other pursues him, but they do not kill a man down (a person who submits). The country provides for a band of champions to the number of several hundred. Each time they are about to engage in conflict, they intoxicate themselves with wine, and then one man with lance in hand will meet ten thousand and challenges them in fight. "^[9]

A number of Maratha warriors, including Shivaji's father Shahaji served the various Muslim kingdoms of the day. Shivaji's mother Jijabai was the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhav, a nobleman from Sindkhed Raja. The Maratha clans and their subdivisions were also involved in fighting amongst themselves, until Jijabai started a trend toward greater Maratha unity. They also took up various other professions like writers, poets, landowners, ministers, etc.^{[citation needed]}

Maratha Empire [link]

File:Shivaji and the Marathas.JPG

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj established the Maratha Empire.

Maratha Empire, 1758 (denoted in orange).

Main article: Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire was an Indian imperial power that existed from 1674 to 1818. At its peak, the empire covered much of South Asia, encompassing a territory of over 2.8 million km².^[10]

The empire was founded and consolidated by Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosle. He created an independent Maratha kingdom with Raigad as its capital,^[11] and successfully fought against the Mughals to defend his kingdom.^[12] The Maratha Empire waged war for 27 years with the Mughals from 1681 to 1707, which became the longest war in the history of India. The Marathas eventually emerged victorious. Shivaji pioneered "Shiva sutra" or Ganimi Kava (guerrilla tactics), which leveraged strategic factors like demographics, speed, surprise and focused attack to defeat his bigger and more powerful enemies.^[13] While Venkoji, the younger half-brother of Shivaji, founded the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom.

Chattrapati Shahu, a grandson of Shivaji became ruler in 1707. During this period, he appointed Peshwas as the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire. After the death of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, the empire expanded greatly under the rule of the Peshwas. The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu^[14]^[15] in the south, to Peshawar^[16] (modern-day Pakistan) on the Afghanistan border in the north and led Expeditions to Bengal in the east. Ahmad Shah Abdali, amongst others, were unwilling to allow the Maratha's gains to go unchecked. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat which halted imperial expansion.

After 1761, young Madhavrao Peshwa reinstated the Maratha authority over North India, 10 years after the battle of Panipat. In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, semi-autonomy was given to strongest of the knights, which created a confederacy of Maratha states. They became known as Gaekwads of Baroda, the Holkars of Indore and Malwa, the Scindias of Gwalior and Ujjain, Bhonsales of Nagpur.^[17] In 1775, the British East India Company intervened in a succession struggle in Pune, which became the First Anglo-Maratha War. Marathas remained the preeminent power in India until their defeat in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars (1805–1818), which left Britain in control of most of India.

Influence [link]

The history of the states and dynasties comprising the Maratha Empire constitutes a major portion of the history of late medieval India. While that extensive history is detailed elsewhere, the rise of the Marathas:

represented the revival of the political power of the Hindus in north India after many centuries of Muslim rule.The Maratha Empire represented the biggest military challenge for the Mughals, and was primarily responsible for breaking the back of Mughal domination of India^{[citation needed]}
led to the dilution of the caste system as a large number of lower castes, Brahmins and other castes fought along with them.^[11]
led to the modernisation of India's armed forces, as they introduced indigenously-designed and manufactured muskets (known as Gardi muskets), and modernised the Indian navy.^{[citation needed]}
encouraged the usage of Sanskrit and development of the Marathi language and was seminal to the consolidation of a distinct Maharashtrian identity.^[11]

Foreign observations [link]

In 1798 Colonel Tone, who commanded a regiment of the Peshwa's army, wrote^[18] of the Marāthas: "The three great tribes which compose the Marātha caste are the Kunbi or farmer, the Dhangar or shepherd, and the Gawli or cowherd; to this original cause may perhaps be ascribed that great simplicity of manner which distinguishes the Marātha people." ^[19]

Maratha dynasties and states [link]

Main article: List of Maratha dynasties and states

Engraving of a Maratha Soldier by James Forbes 1813.

Internal diaspora [link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011)

A Maratha Family from Mumbai, 1880's

The empire also resulted in the voluntary relocation of substantial numbers of Maratha and other Marathi-speaking people outside Maharashtra, and across a big part of India. Thus, there are today several small but significant communities descended from these emigrants living in the north, south and west of India. These communities tend often to speak the languages of those areas, although many do also speak Marathi in addition. Notable Maratha families outside Maharashtra include Scindia of Gwalior, Gaekwad of Baroda, Ghorpade of Mudhol, Holkar of Indore and Bhonsle of Thanjavur.^[17]

Political participation [link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Marathas have dominated the state politics of Maharashtra since its inception in 1960. Since then, Maharashtra has witnessed heavy presence of Maratha ministers or officials (which comprises 25% of the state) in the Maharashtra state government, local municipal commissions, and panchayats.

Military service [link]

The Maratha Light Infantry regiment of the Indian Army is one of the "oldest and most renowned" regiments of the Indian Army.^[20] Its First Battalion, also known as the Jangi Paltan ("Warrior Platoon"),^[21] traces its origins back to 1768 as part of the Bombay Sepoys.

Notable Marathas [link]

Further information: List of Maratha people

References [link]

^ ^a ^b [1]
^ Maráthas and Dekhani Musalmáns - R. M. Betham - Google Books
^ Creative pasts: historical memory and identity in western India, 1700-1960 - Prachi Deshpande - Google Books
^ "Maratha". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2009. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/363851/Maratha.
^ "Maratha (people)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2009. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/363851/Maratha.
^ Shyam Singh Shashi (1977). The shepherds of India: a socio-cultural study of sheep and cattle-rearing communities. Sundeep Prakashan. p. 46. http://books.google.com/books?id=0de_Kox9rkEC. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
^ Singh 2004, p. xliii.
^ R.V. Russell; R.B.H. Lai (1995). The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India. Asian Educational Services. pp. 201–. ISBN 978-81-206-0833-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA201. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
^ Destruction of Maharashtra and the Marathas in the first half of seventh century "Travels of Hiuen Tsang, " Vol. IV, Samual Beal, P, 449.
^ http://empires.findthedata.org/q/64/2513/How-large-was-the-Maratha-Empire-at-its-greatest-extent
^ ^a ^b ^c http://www.jstor.org/pss/4407933
^ http://www.jstor.org/pss/2053980
^ Purandare, Babasaheb. Raja Shivachhatrapati.
^ Mehta, J. L. Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813
^ Mackenna, P. J. et al. Ancient and modern India
^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA43&dq=marathas+peshawar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9V0IT5ibFMLorQes6s3ZDw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=marathas%20peshawar&f=false
^ ^a ^b - Marathas outside Maharashtra
^ Letter on the Marāthas (India Office Tracts).
^ The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India By R.V. Russell.Vol. IV. Macmillan and Co., Limited St. Martin's Street, London. 1916 •Marātha (Soldier, cultivator and service) Origin and position of the caste pg 198
^ http://books.google.com/books?id=IZux-2ZPoaIC&pg=PA86&dq=%22maratha+light+infantry%22+oldest&hl=en&sa=X&ei=me95T__YC-WwiQKE9ZWnDg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22maratha%20light%20infantry%22%20oldest&f=false
^ http://books.google.com/books?id=xn4sAAAAYAAJ&q=Jangi+Paltan+1768&dq=Jangi+Paltan+1768&hl=en&sa=X&ei=u-55T-v7OImQiQLo0uinDg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA

Sources [link]

James Grant Duff - A History of the Mahrattas, 3 vols. London, Longmans, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green (1826) ISBN 81-7020-956-0

External links [link]

Maratha.net
Maratha history at GatewayForIndia.com
Hind Maratha Maratha Matrimony Details.

v t e Ethnic groups, social groups, and tribes of Goa and Konkan region

Saraswats	Goud Saraswat Brahmins Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahman

Daivajnas	Daivajna

Karhades	Karhade Padye Bhatt Prabhu

Konkanasthas	Chitpavan Brahmins Kramavant Joshi

Maratha	Maratha 96 Kuli Maratha Konkan Maratha

Bhandaris	Bhandari Samaj

Gomantak Maratha	Gomantak Maratha Samaj Naik Maratha Samaj Nutan Maratha Samaj

Vaishya	Vaishya Vani

Vishwakarmas	Vishwakarma Manu Maya Brahmins Kansar

Kulvadi	Gauda and Kunbi Kunbi

Kharvi	Kharvi

Others	Madval Dhangar Gavli Chamar Mahar (Mhar) Siddis of Karnataka

Roman Catholics	Goan Catholics Karwari Catholics Mangalorean Catholics

Islam	Goan Muslims Konkani Muslims Nawayath

Related articles	Caste system in Goa Goans Konkani people

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For the Pakistani cricketer, see Sohail Khan (cricketer).

Sohail Khan
Sohail Khan playing for Mumbai Heroes at Celebrity Cricket League
Born	Abdul Rashid Salim Sohail Khan (1970-12-20) 20 December 1970 (age 41) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Other names	Khan Bhai Sohail
Occupation	Actor, Director, Writer, Producer
Years active	1984-1986, 1988, 1997–present
Spouse	Seema Sachdev Khan
Children	Nirvaan Khan Aslam Khan
Parents	Salim Khan (Father) Salma Khan (Mother) Helen (Step mother)
Relatives	Salman Khan (Brother) Arbaaz Khan (Brother) Alvira Khan Agnihotri (Sister) Arpita Khan (Sister) Atul Agnihotri (Brother in law)

Sohail Khan born 20 December 1970) is an Indian director, writer, producer and actor working in the Hindi cinema. He is the younger brother of actors Salman Khan and Arbaaz Khan. He produces films under his banner Sohail Khan Productions.

1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 References
6 External links

Early life [link]

Khan was born in Mumbai, Maharashtra to screenwriter Salim Khan and his wife Salma (maiden name Sushila Charak). His paternal grandfather came to India from Afghanistan and settled in Madhya Pradesh; whereas his mother is a Marathi Hindu..^[1]^[2] His stepmother is Bollywood actress, Helen, who is famous for her dance and item numbers. His older brothers are actors Salman Khan and Arbaaz Khan. His sister, Alvira Khan, is married to Bollywood actor Atul Agnihotri, while his younger sister Arpita Khan collaborated with Sneha Ullal for his movie Lucky: No Time for Love, which he produced with Sohail Khan Production.^[3]

Career [link]

Sohail Khan is son to legendary scriptwriter Salim Khan. He is married to Seema Sachdev and has two sons Nirvaan Khan and Yohan. He started his career as a film producer and director making his directorial debut with the 1997 action thriller Auzaar which starred his brother Salman and Sanjay Kapoor. He then directed both of his brothers Salman and Arbaaz in the hit film Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998) and the less successful Hello Brother (1999) under his earlier banner G.S. Entertainment.^[4]

In 2002, he wrote, produced, directed and made his acting debut in Maine Dil Tujhko Diya which performed poorly at the box office.^[5] He then appeared in a few more films, none of which sold well. He had his first hit with the film Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya? (2005) in which he co-starred with his brother Salman Khan.^[6]

Khan has also produced live stage shows in India and all over the world featuring various Indian film stars. His company also produced music videos and even made a foray into television with 'Chehre Pe Chehra' which was directed by Rishi Vohra.

He wrote the story, produced and acted in the multi-starrer Fight Club – Members Only (2006), which did not do well at the box office. His only 2007 release as an actor was the multi-starrer Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love. He then produced Partner which starred his brother Salman and Govinda in the lead roles and was a box office success.^[7] In 2008, he has appeared in Hello and Heroes.

In 2010, he featured in Veer with brother Salman, released on 22 January 2010.^[8]

Year	Title	Role	Other notes
1984	Hum Hain Lajawaab	Child Artist
1985	Zabardast	Child Artist
1986	Jumbish: A Movement - the Movie
1988	Ek Naya Rishta
2001	Gumnam Hai Koi	Sanjay
2001	Qatil Haseeno Ka
2002	Maine Dil Tujhko Diya	Ajay
2003	Darna Mana Hai	Karan
2003	Anubhav: An Experience	Jaikishan 'Jackie'
2004	Lakeer – Forbidden Lines	Karan Rana
	I - Proud to Be an Indian	I
	Krishna Cottage	Manav/Amar Khanna
2005	Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?	Pyare Mohan
2006	Aryan	Aryan Verma
	Fight Club – Members Only	Sameer
	Family — Ties of Blood		Special appearance
2007	Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love	Ram Dayal
2008	Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na	Bhalu
	God Tussi Great Ho	Rakesh 'Rocky' Sharma
	Heroes	Sameer 'Saand' Suri
	Hello	Varun 'Vroom'/Victor
2009	Team: The Force	Samir
	Kisaan	Jiggar Singh
	Main Aurr Mrs Khanna	Aakash
	Do Knot Disturb	Diesel
2010	Veer	Poonam 'Punya' Singh
2010	Raakh	Karan

Director [link]

Year	Title	Other notes
1997	Auzaar
1998	Pyar Kiya To Darna Kiya	Nominated, Filmfare Award for Best Director
1999	Hello Brother
2002	Maine Dil Tujhko Diya

Producer [link]

Year	Title	Other notes
1998	Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya	Nominated, Filmfare Award for Best Movie
1999	Hello Brother
2002	Maine Dil Tujhko Diya
2004	I - Proud to Be an Indian
2005	Lucky: No Time for Love
2005	Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?
2006	Fight Club – Members Only
2007	Partner
2009	Kisaan
2009	Main Aurr Mrs Khanna
2011	Ready

Writer [link]

Television Appearances [link]

Comedy Circus Ka Naya Daur (2011) ... Judge
Kahani Comedy Circus Ki (2012) ... Judge

References [link]

^ Salman denies backing Raj Thackeray. Rediff.com,
^ Salman Khan and family celebrate Ganesh Chaurthi. Newsline365.com.
^ Sohail Khan Biography
^ "Sohail Khan's Biography". Yahoo! Movies. http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Sohail-Khan/biography-14487.html. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
^ "What's unusual about Maine Dil Tujhko Diya?". Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/17prev.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
^ [http://entertainment.in.msn.com/bollywoodthisdecade/hits/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3511272&page=33 "Biggest B.O hits of the Decade 'Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya' He appeared in a few more films, of which none did well at the box office. However, he had his first hit with the film Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya? in 2005 in which he co-starred with brother Salman. He also wrote the story, produced and starred in the multi-starrer Fight Club - Members Only which again did not do well at the box office. In 2006 due to a delayed release the boxing drama Aryan for which his performance was appreciated but the film failed .He then produced Partner which starred his brother Salman and Govinda in the lead roles and was a huge box office success. (2005)"]. MSN India. http://entertainment.in.msn.com/bollywoodthisdecade/hits/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3511272&page=33. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
^ "Partner: First genuine hit of 2007". Rediff. 23 July 2007. http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/23box.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
^ "Salman's Veer for Rs 150 crore?". OneIndia.in. http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2008/movie-veer-salman-150-crores-300808.html. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
^ "Sohail Khan's profile, biography". Starboxoffice.com. http://www.starboxoffice.com/stars/Default.aspx?bid=actors_Sohail_Khan. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
^ "Sohail Khan blessed with a baby boy". http://sa.bollywoodhungama.com/live_chat.php?chatid=&userid=&username=&fromURL=&profile_url=&thumbnail=&friedsid=. Retrieved 2011-09-23.

Persondata
Name	Khan, Sohail
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	20 December 1970
Place of birth	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Date of death
Place of death

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Contents

Etymology [link]

Maratha clans [link]

History [link]

Before Shivaji [link]

Maratha Empire [link]

Influence [link]

Foreign observations [link]

Maratha dynasties and states [link]

Internal diaspora [link]

Political participation [link]

Military service [link]

Notable Marathas [link]

References [link]

Sources [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Maratha

Related pages:

http://fr.wn.com/Marathe

http://it.wn.com/Maratti

http://id.wn.com/Maratha

Contents

Early life [link]

Career [link]

Personal life [link]

Filmography [link]

Actor [link]

Director [link]

Producer [link]

Writer [link]

Television Appearances [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Sohail_Khan

Related pages:

http://fr.wn.com/Sohail Khan

http://de.wn.com/Sohail Khan

http://hi.wn.com/सुहेल ख़ान

http://pl.wn.com/Sohail Khan