- published: 10 Aug 2012
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Achhnera
Achhnera is a city and a municipal board in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is also spelled as Achnera
Achhnera is located at 27°11′N 77°46′E / 27.18°N 77.77°E / 27.18; 77.77. It has an average elevation of 167 metres (547 feet). It is famous for its cultural values and the people for different religion lives here. There are lot of famous temple which have historic values. Achhnera comes under Tehsil Kiraoli. It is reachable through Agra Jaipur Highway.
Weather & Temperature : Temperature in Achhnera is as we in Northern India, Chilled Cold nights in Winter and Hot waves in Summer. In winter Temperature goes down to 1 degree Celsius to 2 degree Celsius and in summer it does up to 45 to 47 degree Celsius. But Rain is always good.
The good thing about the Achhnera is that you will feel peace of mind over there. You can enjoy the whispering sound of waves , sound of leaves, tickling noise of Birds and you can find lot of Monkeys over there. Monkeys always wandered within the city.
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Agra
Agra (
i/ˈɑːɡrə/; Hindi: आगरा, Urdu: آ گرہ), the erstwhile capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometres (226 mi) west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India. Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
The city finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa, or 'the border of the forest'. Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (circa 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present Fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Sultan Sikandar Lodī was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in the year 1506; he died in 1517 and his son Ibrāhīm Lodī remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal emperors from 1526 to 1658 and remains a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Agra Canal
The Agra Canal is an important Indian irrigation work which starts from Okhla in Delhi. The Agra canal originates from Okhla barrage, downstream of Nizamuddin bridge. It opened in 1874.
In the beginning, it was available for navigation, in Delhi, erstwhile Gurgaon, Mathura and Agra Districts, and Bharatpur State. Later, navigation was stopped in 1904 and the canal has since then, been exclusively used for irrigation purposes only. At present the canal does not flow in district Gurgaon, but only in Faridabad, which was earlier a part of Gurgaon.
The Canal receives its water from the Yamuna River at Okhla, about 10 KM to the south of New Delhi. The weir across the Yamuna was the first attempted in Upper India upon a foundation of fine sand; it is about 800-yard long, and rises seven-feet above the summer level of the river.
From Okhla the canal follows the high land between the Khari-Nadi and the Yamuna and finally joins the Banganga river about 20 miles below Agra. Navigable branches connect the canal with Mathura and Agra. the canal irrigates about 1.5 lakh hectares in agra, and mathura in u.p., faridabad in haryana, bharatpur in rajasthan and also some parts of delhi
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Agra district
Agra District (Hindi: आगरा ज़िला, Urdu: آگرہ ضلع) is one of the 70 districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and the historical city of Agra is the district headquarters. Agra district is a part of Agra division.
Agra district is bounded by Mathura District on the north, Dholpur District of Rajasthan state on the south, Firozabad District on the east and Bharatpur District of Rajasthan State on the west. Area of the district is 4027 km².
Agra district comprises 6 tehsils. The tehsils are Etmadpur, Agra, Kiraoli, Kheragarh, Fatehabad and Bah. The headquarters of the district is Agra city. The district consists of 15 blocks, namely Etmadpur, Khandauli, Shamshabad, Fatehabad, Jagner, Kheragarh, Saiyan, Achanera, Akola, Bichpuri, Fatehpur Sikri, Barauli Ahir, Bah, Pinahat and Jaitpur Kalan.
The division comprises 3 Lok Sabha constituencies namely Jalesar, Firozabad and Agra. There are 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the district. They are Bah, Fatehabad, Etmadpur, Dayal Bagh, Agra Cantonment, Agra East, Agra West, Kheragarh and Fatehpur Sikri.
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Agra Fort
Agra Fort, is a monument, (Hindi: आगरा का किला, Urdu: آگرہ قلعہ) is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 2.5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city. After Panipat, Mughals captured the fort and a vast treasure - which included a diamond that was later named as the Koh-i-Noor diamond - was seized. Babur stayed in the fort in the palace of Ibrahim. He built a baoli (step well) in it. Humayun was crowned here in 1530. Humayun was defeated in Bilgram in 1540. Sher Shah held the fort for five years. The Mughals defeated the Hindu King Hemu finally at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556.
It was originally a brick fort, held by the Hindu Sikarwar Rajputs. It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sikandar Lodi (1488–1517) was the first Sultan of Delhi who shifted to Agra and lived in the fort. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in the fort in 1517 and his son, Ibrahim Lodi, held it for nine years until he was defeated and killed at Panipat in 1526. Several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period.
wn.com/Agra_Fort -
Agra fort
Agra Fort, is a monument, (Hindi: आगरा का किला, Urdu: آگرہ قلعہ) is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 2.5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city. After Panipat, Mughals captured the fort and a vast treasure - which included a diamond that was later named as the Koh-i-Noor diamond - was seized. Babur stayed in the fort in the palace of Ibrahim. He built a baoli (step well) in it. Humayun was crowned here in 1530. Humayun was defeated in Bilgram in 1540. Sher Shah held the fort for five years. The Mughals defeated the Hindu King Hemu finally at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556.
It was originally a brick fort, held by the Hindu Sikarwar Rajputs. It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sikandar Lodi (1488–1517) was the first Sultan of Delhi who shifted to Agra and lived in the fort. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in the fort in 1517 and his son, Ibrahim Lodi, held it for nine years until he was defeated and killed at Panipat in 1526. Several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period.
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Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad (i/ˈɑːmɨdəbɑːd/ also known as Amdavad 
) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. The city is an administrative centre of Ahmedabad district as well as the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court is in Ahmedabad. It was founded on 26 February 1411 by Sultan Ahmed Shah to serve as the capital of the Gujarat Sultanate, and was named after him. With a city population of more than 5.5 million and an extended population of 6.3 million it is the fifth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 32 km (20 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar.
Though incorporated into the Bombay Presidency during British rule, Ahmedabad remained one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. The city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname the Manchester of the East. The city was at the forefront of the Indian independence movement in the first half of the 20th century and centre of many campaigns of civil disobedience to promote workers' rights, civil rights, and political independence.
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Ajmer
Ajmer (pronounced [ədʒmeːr] (
listen)) is the 5th largest city in Rajasthan and is the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. Ajmer has a population of around 800,000 (2011 census), and is located 135 kilometres (84 mi) west of Jaipur, the state capital, 274 km from Udaipur, 439 km from Jaisalmer, and 391 km from Delhi.
Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. It is a pilgrimage centre for the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and is also the base for visiting Pushkar (11 km), an ancient Hindu pilgrimage city, famous for the temple of Brahma.
Ajmer (Sanskrit Ajayameru) was founded in the late 7th century A.D. by Dushyant Chauhan. The Chauhan dynasty ruled Ajmer in spite of repeated invasions by Turkic marauders from Central Asia across the north of India. Ajmer was conquered by Muhammad of Ghor, founder of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1193. However, the Chauhan rulers were allowed autonomy upon the payment of a heavy tribute to the conquerors. Ajmer remained subject to Delhi until 1365 when it was captured by the ruler of Mewar. In 1509, control of Ajmer was disputed between the Maharajas of Mewar and Marwar unitil it was conquered by the Marwar in 1532. The city was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1559. In the 18th century, control passed to the Marathas.
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Aligarh district
Aligarh District (Hindi अलीगढ़ ज़िला, Urdu: علی گڑھ ضلع) is a district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its district seat is located in the city of Aligarh[citation needed].
The Aligarh District belongs to Aligarh Division.
According to the 2011 census Aligarh district has a population of 3,673,849, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritania or the US state of Oklahoma. This gives it a ranking of 76th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,007 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,610 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.78 %. Aligarh has a sex ratio of 876 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.61 %.
Official website
Coordinates: 27°50′N 78°10′E / 27.833°N 78.167°E / 27.833; 78.167
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Allahabad
Allahabad ([ɪlɑhɑbɑd̪]; Hindi: इलाहाबाद; Urdu: الہ آباد), or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughal emperor Akbar from the original (still unofficially used) native name of Prayaga, and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, lying some 205 kilometres (127 mi) south of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. Allahabad has been ranked the world's 130th fastest growing city (growth rate: 2.09 per cent (2011)).[citation needed] The ancient name of the city is Prayaga (Sanskrit for "place of sacrifice"), as it is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the world. It is one of four sites of the mass Hindu pilgrimage Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna, and the ancient Sarasvati River.
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Allahabad district
Allahabad district (Hindi: इलाहाबाद ज़िला, Urdu: الہ آباد ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Allahabad town is the district headquarters. Allahabad district is a part of Allahabad Division.
As of 2011 it is the most populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71).
Allahabad is a holy city in Hindu religion, also known as Prayag. It is a place where the three rivers - Ganges, Yamuna and the mythical river of Sarasvati meet at a point known as Sangam. Sangam is one of the most significant points of Allahabad.
According to the 2011 census Allahabad district has a population of 5,959,798, roughly equal to the nation of Eritrea or the US state of Missouri. This gives it a ranking of 13th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,087 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,820 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.74 %. Allahabad has a sex ratio of 902 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 74.41 %.
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Almora
Almora (Hindi: अल्मोड़ा) is a municipal board, a cantonment town in the Almora district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Almora was founded in 1568.
It is a town bustling with activity and a rich cultural heritage and history. It is considered the cultural heart of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.
Almora is located at 29°37′N 79°40′E / 29.62°N 79.67°E / 29.62; 79.67. It has an average elevation of 1,651 metres (5,417 feet). It is located on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills of the Himalaya range. In the shape of a horse saddle shaped hillock, it is surrounded by thick forests of pine and fir trees. Flowing alongside the city are rivers of Koshi, (Kaushiki), and Suyal (Salmale). The snow capped Himalayas can be seen in the background.Almora got its name from "Kilmora" a short plant found nearby region. during olden days people living near Almora plug Kilmora plant for washing the utensils of "Katarmal Temple". Soon the people bringing Kilmora were called Kilmori and later "Almori". So the place from where Almori comes came to be known as "Almora".
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Alwar
Alwar (Rajasthani: अलवर) is a city and administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is located around 160 km south of Delhi, and about 150 km north of Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan.
India's highest ever recorded temperature of 50.6 °C (123.1 °F) was measured at Alwar on 10 May 1956.
Alwar was formerly the capital of the princely state of Alwar. It was formerly spelt as "Ulwar" in British India. This placed it in last position in alphabetically ordered lists, so a king changed the spelling to "Alwar" to bring it to the top.[citation needed]
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Ambala
Ambala is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border of the states of Haryana and Punjab in India. Politically; Ambala has two sub-areas: Ambala Cantt (छावनी ) and Ambala City(अम्बाला शहर), approximately 3 kilometers apart from each other. It has a large Indian Army and Indian Air Force presence within the confines of its cantonment area. Ambala separates Ganges river network from Indus river network and surrounded by two rivers Ghaggar & Tangri from North & South side.Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism.
The Ambala Cantonment was established in 1843 after the British abandoned its cantonment at Saphera, following the malaria epidemic of 1841–42. The cantonment houses the ‘2 Corps’ one of the three Strike Corps of the Indian Army.
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Its boundaries previously extended across tehsils of Ambala, Saphera, Jagadhri, Pipli, Kharar, Mohali, Ropar and Nalagarh. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, Pinjore, Manimajra, Kasauli & Sanawar were also merged into the district at different points of time.
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Amritsar
Amritsar (
pronunciation (help·info); Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ IPA: [əmːɾɪt̪səɾ], historically also known as ਰਾਮਦਾਸਪੁਰ Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ਅੰਬਰਸਰ, Ambarsar) is a city in the north-western part of India. It is the spiritual center for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the "Golden Temple" in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the most popular destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht, as well as the Sikh Parliament.
The 2011 Indian census reported the population of the city to be 1,132,761. Amritsar is situated 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and is 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan and therefore, very close to India's western border with Pakistan.
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Anuppur
Anuppur is a town in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state of central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Anuppur District. Previously, it was in Shahdol district. Anuppur Railway station is a very important junction of South east Central Railway which is located between Katni & Bilaspur.comes under shadol division.it takes one hour to reach the anuppur from shadol.comes under shadol division.it takes one hour to reach the anuppur from shadol.
Anuppur is located at 23°06′N 81°41′E / 23.1°N 81.68°E / 23.1; 81.68. It has an average elevation of 505 metres (1656 feet). The Son River and some of its tributaries run through Anuppur. According to 2001 Census, the total population of Anuppur District is 667155, out of which 309624 are Scheduled tribes and 48376 are Scheduled castes. In this manner, Anuppur District is a tribal dominated district.
==== Geographical Structure
From Geographical point of view, the District consists of a series of mountain ranges and rivers. It can be divided in to three geographical divisions. 1. High lands of mountain ranges. 2. The Central plateau . 3. Low lands of rivers :- A number of rivers Including Son, Johila, Narmada ,Tipan, Bakan, Chandas and Kewai flow in the district, Maikal mountain range is extended from southern part of the district to the eastern part.
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Araria
Araria is a town and a municipality that is headquarters of Araria district in the state of Bihar, India.
Araria is located at 26°09′N 87°31′E / 26.15°N 87.52°E / 26.15; 87.52. It has an average elevation of 47 metres (154 feet). Araria is situated at the northern part of Purnia and Madhepura in Bihar. Borders of Araria are surrounded by Nepal in northern side, Kishanganj in eastern side and Supaul at south-west side. The district came into existence by division of Purnia district on Makar Sankranti day of 1990. The district touches the Indo-Nepal international border also this area is very close to three countries viz Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan. so the district is important in terms of security. Jogbani is the last point of Araria and after that Morang district of Nepal starts.Kosi river passes through Araria.
Araria has rail, bus and road connections. NH 57 runs through the district.
Health and medical facilities are sparse in this area; residents go to Purnea for treatment.
The Hindi language writer Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' was born in this district at Aurahi Hingna village where his family still lives. At present a magazine Parti Palar is published there.
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Arwal district
Arwal district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Arwal town is the administrative headquarters of this district. It was earlier part of Jehanabad district.
As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Bihar (out of 39), after Sheikhpura and Sheohar.
The district is infested with Naxalites, which is one factor that hampers growth of the area besides lack of infrastructure and power. Communism is yet another factor where there is always a tussle between high class and low class of society. There had been a very heinous massacre of Dalit people at Laxmanpur Bathe in 1997. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
Arwal district occupies an area of 637 square kilometres (246 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to Canada's Foley Island.
Arwal is the unique district of Bihar in the sense of quality of water and its greater availability .As per survey done by the experts underground water of arwal is completely free from the impurities.Water is available at most of the place at much shallower depths this is the reason why most of the households of arwal used to install handpumps in stead of motors snd storage.Excellent transportation,Son river and huge availability of water in Arwal may provide suitable conditions to establishment of industries.
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Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the Burdwan District of India. It has a large workforce, moderately high per capita income, educational establishments, good transport connections, several housing complexes, and land suitable for industry, institutions, transport and commerce. Its hinterland is Bankura and Purulia districts and North Bengal, linked to parts of Orissa and Jharkhand states. According to a report released by International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body, Asansol is among the 11 Indian cities in the list of 100 fastest growing cities in the world with a rank of 42. The name Asansol is derived from two different names, Asan tree (a species of tree found on the banks of river Damodar) and Sol-Bhumi/Sol-land (the land rich in minerals).
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Ashoknagar
For Delhi’s Ashok Nagar see Ashok Nagar (Delhi). For the residential locality in Chennai see Ashok Nagar, Chennai
Ashoknagar (also Ashok Nagar)(Hindi: अशोकनगर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ashoknagar District. It was previously a part of Guna district. Ashoknagar is well known for its Grain Mandi and "Sharbati Gaihu", a type of wheat. The nearest district is Guna which is 45 km from there. Ashoknagar, formerly known as Pachar, has five tehsils viz. Isagarh, Chanderi, Mungaoli, Ashoknagar and Shahdora. In Ashoknagar city there are two parts: the Railway Gate and Gandhi Park Side. The railway line is in the middle of the city. Ashoknagr has a Railway Station and Bus Stand. Ashoknagar is connected to the main cities of M.P. by the means of roads and trains.
Ashoknagar is located on the northern part of Madhya Pradesh between Sindh and the Betwa. It comes under the northern part of Malwa plateau, though main part of its district lies in the Bundelkhand Plateau. Geographically, the district is situated between the latitude 24.34 N and longitude 77.43 E. The eastern and western boundaries of the District are well defined by the rivers. The Betwa flows along the eastern boundary separating it from Sagar District and Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh. The Sindh is the main river flowing along the western boundary. Chanderi, a part of the Ashoknagar, is famous for its exquisite and delicate muslin industry. One can reach Ashoknagar very easily as it is situated on the Kota-Bina railway section of Western Central Railway. Ashoknagar is approximately 200 k.m. away from the capital of the state Bhopal. Ashok nagar is situated at the Heart of India.
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Auraiya
Auraiya (Hindi: औरैया, Urdu: اوریہ) is a city and a municipal board in Auraiya district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is district headquarters as well.NH 2 passes through the center of the town.Dibiyapur RS is nearest Railway Station.Kanpur Airport is nearest airport.
On 17 September 1997 two tehsils named Auraiya and Bidhuna were separated from district Etawah to form the new district named as Auraiya. It is situated on National Highway no. 2 (Mughal Road) and 64 km. in the east of district headquarter of Etawah and 105 km. in west of Kanpur city.
Under the Rohillas In 1760 A.D. Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded India; he was opposed in 1761 by the Marathas on the field of Panipat and inflicted on them a signal defeat. Among other Maratha chieftains Govind Rao Pandit lost his life in the action. Before his departure from India the Durrani chief consigned large tracts of country to the Rohilla chieftains, and while Dhunde Khan received Shikohabad, Inayat Khan, son of Hafiz Rahmat Khan received the district of Etawah. This was then in the possession of the Marathas, and accordingly in 1762 a Rohilla force was sent under Mullah Mohsin Khan to wrest the assigned property from the Marathas. This force was opposed near the town of Etawah by Kishan Rao and Bala Rao Pandits, who were defeated and compelled to seek safety in flight across the Yamuna. Siege was then laid to the fort of Etawah by Mohsin Khan; but the fort was soon surrendered by its commander, and the district fell into the hands of the Rohillas.
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Auraiya district
Auraiya district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Auraiya town is the district headquarters.
On 17 September 1997 two tehsils named Auraiya and Bidhuna were separated from district Etawah to form the new district named as Auraiya.
The district of Auraiya lies in the southwestern portion of Uttar Pradesh 26° 21" and 27° 01" north latitude and 78° 45" and 79° 45" east longitude and forms a part of the Kanpur Division. It is bounded on the north by the districts of Kannauj, western border adjoins tehsil Bharthana of the Etawah district and the district of Gwalior. The eastern frontier marches with the district of Kanpur Dehat, and along the south lie Jalaun.
Dibiyapur is another notable industrial town of this district which has installations of India's leading Public Sector Enterprises viz. 663 MW Combined cycle power plant of NTPC, Petrochemical plant and Gas compressor station of GAIL.
It is situated on National Highway no. 2 (Mughal Road) and 64 km. in the east of district headquarter of Etawah and 105 km. in west of Kanpur city.
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Azamgarh
Azamgarh is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is headquarters of Azamgarh district and Azamgarh Division.
Azamgarh, one of the easternmost districts of the State, once formed a part of the ancient Kosala kingdom, except the north-eastern part of it which was included in the kingdom of Malla. Kosala figured prominently among the four powerful monarchies of northern India during the time of the Buddha when its prosperity reached its zenith. The kingdom of Kosala was bounded on the east by the Ganges and the kingdom of Magadha, on the north-east by the territories of Vriji-Lichchhavis and those of Mallas on the north by the territories of the Sakyas, on the west by Surasena and on the south and south-west by the kingdom of Vatsa with Kausambi as its capital.
The district of Azamgarh possesses hardly any remains of much antiquarian value. Of the few that exist, neither the origin nor the history are known, for the most part. There are some deserted sites, forts and tanks to be seen in every tehsil of this district, and they carry vague legends regarding their builders. The early history of the district can be traced only from the extant antiquities.
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Azizpur
Azizpur is a census town in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
As of 2001[update] India census, Azizpur had a population of 10,008. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Azizpur has an average literacy rate of 41%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 67% of the males and 33% of females literate. 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 26°58′35″N 79°13′17″E / 26.97639°N 79.22139°E / 26.97639; 79.22139
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Bageshwar
Bageshwar (Hindi: बागेश्वर) is a city and a municipal board in Bageshwar district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Bageshwar district.
There are many places of tourism and historic importance in Bageshwar. The town is situated on the confluence of rivers Saryu and Gomti. There are many old temples dating back to tenth century. Among them are the Baijnath temple and Bagnath temples. Bagnath temple is situated in the middle of the town just across the confluence of Saryu and Gomti. Chandika and Neeleshwar temples are other important temples in the district. These are on the top of the city (hills) and provide a nice glimpse of the city.
Other important shrines in and around Bageshwar are - Ram Ghat temple, Agnikund temple, Kukuda Mai temple, Shitla Devi temple, Trijugi Narayan temple, Hanuman temple, Nileshwar Dham, Swarg Ashram, Ramji temple, Loknath Ashram, Ashram of Amitji, Jwala Devi temple, Veni Mahadev temple, Radha Krishna temple, Bhileshwar Dham, Suraj Kund, Siddartha Dham, Gopeshwar Dham, Golu temple and Praktishwar Mahadev.
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Bagpat district
Bagpat district (Hindi: बाग़पत ज़िला, Urdu: باغپت ضلع) is one of the 71 districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Bagpat town is the district headquarters. This district covers an area of 1321 km². The district has a population of 1,163,991.. Gurjars holds Bagpat they have good population in Bagpat and Khekada tehsils gotra like Bainsla, Harsana, Dahima,Karhana, Mandar etc, and Jats holds Baraut and Jats have good population in Baraut and Chaprauli towns gotra like Dhama, Tomar ,Malik, Lakda, Rana etc .
There is a sugar mill in Baghpat. There is a lot of sugarcane, wheat, mustard and vegetables grown in Baghpat district. The Yamuna river flows to the west of Baghpat and is close by.
Baraut is known for Digambar Jain College and Jat College (now called Janta Vedic college). It is famous for the Rim & Dhura and agricultural implements industries. The well known old families of Baraut were the Ganga Ram Kishorilal family which owned agricultural land and had several mills including the Ganga Oil Mills which was famous for its pure mustard oil in the preindependence period and till the 1960s. Khekra is another well known town famous for its Jain temple at Badagaon.
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Bah
Bah is a city in Agra District of Uttar Pradesh in India.
As of 2001[update] India census, Bah had a population of 14,593. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%.
Location and Name
This place is situated in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India on State Highway 62 around 70 km from Agra city and around 55 km from Etawah. Its geographical coordinates are 26° 52' 12" North, 78° 35' 51" East. Three rivers, Yamuna, Chambal and Utangan irrigate its land and separate from the states Madhya Pradesh and Rajsthan. It was founded in 1700 by Maharaja Mahendra Kalyan Singh of Bhadawar and was called Kalyanbah. Its name was later corrupted to Bah, which means flow of water.
Places to watch
Bah is famous for Bateshwarnath Temple (Lord Shiva), which is only 7 km from Bah City. Along with the main temple there is a series of 108 temples of Lord Shiva on the riverbank of Yamuna. November local festival at Bateshwarnath attracts thousands of devotees from nearby areas and states ( Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh). Nearby a Jain Temple is situated at Shauripur (Shauripur place is believed to be of Mahabharat Kaal). Nowadays newly developed Chambal Safari is a must watch for nature lovers.
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Bahraich
Bahraich (Hindi: बहराइच) (Urdu: بہرائچ) is a city and a municipal board in Bahraich district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Located on the Saryu River, a tributary of river Ghaghra, Bahraich is 125 km north-east of Lucknow, the state capital. The towns of Barabanki, Gonda, Balrampur, Lakhimpur and Sitapur share local boundaries with Bahraich. A factor which makes this town important is the international border shared with the neighboring country, Nepal. According to Government of India, the district Bahraich is one of the minority concentrated district in India on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators.
As of 2001[update] India census, Bahraich had a population of 168,376. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bahraich has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 57% of the males and 43% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Among many languages spoken in the district are Awadhi, a vernacular in the Hindi-Urdu continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region.Wide range of awadhi is spoken in bahraich.
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Bahraich district
Bahraich District is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Bahraich town is the district headquarters. Bahraich District is a part of Devipatan Division.
The district of Bahraich was part of the Great Nanpara Estate made up of lands belonging to the Raja of Nanpara. Read the Wikipedia article on Nanpara for a history of the ruling family up to the abolition of Zamindari in 1954. The Rajas of Nanpara owned more than three hundred villages in the District including all the forests. A large part of the education system in the district was the legacy of the late Raja Sadat Ali of Nanpara who built the major roads and hospitals.
Bahraich is in historic Awadh. It borders Nepal districts Bardiya to the northwest and Banke to the northeast. The rest of Bahraich is surrounded by other districts in Uttar Pradesh: Lakhimpur and Sitapur on the west, Hardoi to the southwest, Gonda to the southeast, and Shravasti to the east.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Bahraich one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
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Balaghat
Balaghat is a city and a municipality in Balaghat district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Balaghat District. The town was originally called "Burha" or "Boora", but this name was replaced by "Balaghat", which was originally the name of the district only. Balaghat means "above the ghats or passes."
Balaghat is located at 21°48′N 80°11′E / 21.8°N 80.183°E / 21.8; 80.183. It has an average elevation of 288 metres (944 feet).
This is seprated in North By bamhni Banjar valley from Mandla & Dindori Districts,In The east by Maikal range from Chhattisgarh i.e. rajnandgaon & kabirdham districts in the West By Wainganga river from seoni District and seprated in south By bagh river & Wainganga River from Gondia ,Bhandara & Nagpur Districts
As of 2001[update] India census, Balaghat had a population of 75,061. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. A river, Wainanganga flows beside the town.
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Ballia
Ballia (Bhojpuri: बलिया, Hindi: बलिया) is a city with a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The eastern boundary of the city lies at the junction of the Ganges and the Ghaghara. The city is situated 76 KM from Ghazipur and 150 KM from Varanasi.
Bhojpuri, a dialect of Hindi, is the primary local language.
Ballia is also known as Baghi Ballia (Rebel Ballia) for its significant contribution in India's freedom struggle. During the first Independence War of India in 1857, Ballia came in picture in front of the world and Shree Mangal Pandey was that first freedom fighter of that war who was born in village Nagwa Ballia district of India. During the Quit India Movement of 1942 Ballia gained independence from British rule for a short period of time when the district overthrew the government and installed an independent administration under Chittu Pandey.
Ballia is an ancient city. Many great saints and sages of India had their ashrams in Ballia, including Valmiki, Bhrigu, Durvasa, Parashara muni and Jamadagni. Ballia was a part of the Kosala Kingdom in ancient times. It also came under the Buddhist influence for some time. Earlier the district was a part of Ghazipur district, but later it was created as an independent District.
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Ballia district
Ballia district (Hindi: बलिया ज़िला, Urdu: بالیا ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India. Ballia district is a part of Azamgarh Division situated in eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh. Main occupation is agriculture. Ballia City is district headquarters and commercial Market of this district. There are five Tehsil (Taluka) in this district viz Ballia, Rasra, Bairiya,sikandarpur, and Belthara. Rasra is second major commercial area of district, having one government sugar mill and one cotton weaving industry. Though Ballia's core occupation is agriculture but there are some small industry are existing. Maniar is known for its bindi (Indian ladies putting on their forehead) industry and major supplier.
The great nationalist and the hero of First War of Indian Independence, Mangal Pandey was born here. National Hero of "Quit India Movement" Chittu Pandey and freedom fighters Ram Pujan Singh and Hari Ram were also from Ballia. The city of Ballia, the district headquarters, is believed to the birth place and workplace of Maharshi Bhrigu. The language spoken in Ballia is Hindi and Bhojpuri, a dialect of Hindi.
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Banda district
Banda district (Hindi: बांदा जिला) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Banda is the district headquarters. It is a part of Chitrakoot Division.
Banda is famous for its Shajar stone, used for making jewellery, and the historically and architecturally significant sites Khajuraho and Kalinjar. Khajuraho is a World Heritage Site famous for its elaborately carved temples. The fortress of Kalinjar is famed for its war history and its glorious rock sculptures.
In 1998, the tehsils of Karwi and Mau, formerly part of Banda District, became the new Chitrakoot District.
The district largely consists of irregular uplands with outcrops of rocks intermingling with lowlands, which are frequently under water during the rainy season. The Baghein River traverses the district from south-west to north-east. Other important rivers are the Ken River in the east and the Yamuna to the north.The dominant communities of this area are of Kshatriyas, Patels, Chandrauls, Chandelas, Bundelas etc.
The economy is predominantly agricultural, with the main crops being paddy rice, wheat and vegetables.
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Bangalore
Bangalore /ˈbæŋɡəlɔər/, also rendered Bengaluru,[needs IPA] is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City for its gardens and parks and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. Bangalore is well known as a hub for India's information technology sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world.
A succession of South Indian dynasties ruled the region of Bangalore until in 1537 AD Kempe Gowda—a feudatory ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire—established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. Following transitory occupation by Maratha and Mughal, the city remained under the Mysore kingdom. Bangalore continued to be a cantonment of the British and a major city of the Princely State of Mysore which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. Following the independence of India in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore state, and later Karnataka.
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Banka district
Banka is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India.
Banka is the homeland of great revolutionary shri Satish Prasad Jha, one of seven martyrs who hoisted the flag of India at the Secretariat building near Patna on 11 August 1942. Jha was born in kharhara near Dhakamod, Banka. Sri Kirti Narain Singh and Sri Navpatrika Prasad Singh of Narayanpur were the first District congress Presidents of Bhagalpur District.Veteran reformer and freedom fighter Sri Ramni Mohan Singh from Narayanpur was the founder-president of the Banka Congress committee. To protest the prevalent custom of non-education for women, Ramni Mohan Singh offered his first child, Smt. Bindhyavasini Devi, MA Hindi (Shantiniketan) into social service; she was elected MLA from Banka (1957–1967). Banka has been an attractive destination for veteran socialists. Madhu Limaye represented the constituency two times. George Fernandis and Rajnarayan also contested the parliamentary election from this constituency. On the other side, there were number of veteran leaders in Congress party: Smt Vindhyavasini Devi, MLA ( 1957–1967),Smt. Shakuntala Devi ex M.P., ex chief minister of Bihar Chandrashekhar Singh,Sri Chaturbhuj Singh Ex. M.L.A., Ex Rajyasabha MP Kamakhya Prasad Singh, ex MP Manorama Singh, and ex MLA Jai Prakash Mishra. The Late Shri Digvijay Singh (14 November 1955 – 24 June 2010) was an Indian politician from the state of Bihar and was an independent Member of the Parliament of India, representing Banka in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. Bnka played vital role in freedom of India. Sri Sharbeswar Prasad Singh of Narayanpur is the veteran congress member of Banka District.He is on of the oldest freedom fighter of banka.He was also the congress persident of Banka for many year.
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Banke Bihari Temple
Banke Bihari Mandir is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna, in the holy city of Vrindavan in the Mathura district, especially in the month of Shraavana (July-August). Banke Bihari was originally worshiped at Nidhivana. Banke means “bent in three places” and bihari means “supreme enjoyer.” Lord Krishna will be standing in the Tribhanga posture. Haridas Swami originally worshipped this Deity under the name of Kunj-bihari.
The original Banke Bihari Temple was established by Swami Haridas of the Nimbarka Sampradaya, a contemporary of the six Gosvamis, in Nidhivana. It is said that he discovered the Banke Bihari deity at Nidhivana sometime in the 16th century. Banke Bihari was moved here when this temple was constructed in 1864 (some say 1874). Originally Banke Bihariji was worshiped alone. Later a small deity of Radharani was added.
During Jhulan Yatra, the swing festival of Lord Krishna. There are a number of silver-plated and some solid silver ornamented swings, which are shown at this time. The main day of Jhulan Yatra is the third day of the waxing moon, at which time Banke Bihari is placed on a golden swing (hindola). The curtain before the Deities is not left open like at other temples. Every few minutes the curtain is pulled shut and then opened again. It is said that the brilliant eyes of Banke Bihari will make you unconscious if seen for too long a stretch. It is the only temple where loud temple bells are not used to wake Krishna in the morning. It is believed improper to wake a child with a start. He is woken gently. There are thus no bells even for Aarti, as it might disturb Him.
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Banswara
'BANSWARA CITY' is a city in Banswara District in south Rajasthan in India. Banswara princely state was founded by Maharawal Jagmal Singh. It is named for the "bans" or bamboo forests in the area. It is also known as 'City of Hundred Islands', due to presence of numerous islands in the Mahi River, which flows through Banswara.Banswara city is governed by City Council(Nagar Parishad) which comes under Banswara Urban Agglomeration. Although Banswara city has population of 100,128; its urban / metropolitan population is 101,177 of which 51,941 are males and 49,236 are females.
Banswara is located at 23°33′N 74°27′E / 23.55°N 74.45°E / 23.55; 74.45. It has an average elevation of 302 metres (990 ft). Banswara District is situated in southern Rajasthan with an area of 5,037 square kilometres (1,945 sq mi) located between 23.11° N to 23.56° N latitudes and 73.58° E to 74.49° E. longitudes. It is bounded on the north by Dhariawad tehsil of Udaipur district and Pratapgarh district; on the east by Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh; on the west by Sagwara and Aspur tehsils of Dungarpur district; and on the south by Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh and the Panchmahal district of Gujrat on the south-west.
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Barabanki district
The Barabanki district (Hindi: बाराबंकी ज़िला, Urdu: بارابنکی ضلع) is one of four districts of Faizabad division, lies at the very heart of Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and forms as it were a centre from which no less than seven other districts radiate. It is situated between 27°19' and 26°30' north latitude, and 80°05' and 81°51’ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of the Ghagra and Gomti. With its most northern point it impinges on the Sitapur district, while its north-eastern boundary is washed by the waters of the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of Bahraich district and Gonda district. Its eastern frontier marches with Faizabad district, and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the Sultanpur district. On the west it adjoins the Lucknow district. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at 57 mi (92 km), and the extreme breadth at 58 mi (93 km); the total area is about 1,504 sq mi (3,900 km2): its population amounts to 2,673,581, being at the rate of 686.50 to the square km. The Barabanki city is the district headquarters. Barabanki district has been known to be a favourite haunt of saints and ascetics, literatteurs and intellectuals, besides being a battlefield for freedom fighters.
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Baran district
Baran District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Baran is the district headquarters.
The district has an area of 6955.4 km², and a population of 1,021,653 (2001 census). It is bounded on the north and east by Madhya Pradesh state, on the south and southwest by Jhalawar District of Rajasthan, and on the west and northwest by Kota District of Rajasthan. The district has eight tehsils, Anta, Atru, Baran, Chhabra, Chhipa Barod, Kishanganj, Mangrol, and Shahabad.
Before Indian independence in 1947, most of present-day Baran District was part of the princely state of Kota, although Shahabad tehsil was a discontinuous portion of Jhalawar princely state, and Chhabra tehsil was a discontinuous portion of Tonk princely state. After Indian independence, The rulers of the princely states acceded to the Government of India, and the present-day Baran District was made part of Kota District. Baran District was carved out of Kota District on April 10, 1991.
Manihara Mahadev Mandir is about 3 km. from Baran city. The mandir has a famous and ancient Mahadevji and Hamumanji temples. Till now only 591 years brief history is known about the temple. This place is surrounded by green trees and a pond with full of natural beauty. The place has a religious importance for the people of the area. A fair is organised at the temple on Shivratri festival every year. District administration has authorised Sarvjanik Sanstha Dharmada, Baran as a caretaker for the place.
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Bareilly
Bareilly pronunciation (help·info) is a prominent city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Standing on the Ramganga river, it is the capital of the Bareilly division and the geographical region Rohilkhand. It is located 252 kilometres (157 mi) north of the state capital, Lucknow, and 250 kilometres (155 mi) east of the national capital New Delhi.
Bareilly is a centre for the manufacturing of furniture and for trade in cotton, cereal and sugar. The status of the city was upgraded when its name was included in the "Counter Magnets" of the National Capital Region (NCR), a list that also including Hissar, Patiala, Kota and Gwalior.
The city's population in 2001 was 699839.
According to the epic Mahābhārata, Bareilly region (Panchala) is said to be birth place of Draupadi, who was also referred to as 'Panchali' (one from the kingdom of Panchāla) by kṛṣṇā (Lord krishna). When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the Mahābhārata, Draupadi becomes his queen. The folklore says that Gautama Buddha had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly. In the 12th Century, the kingdom was under the rule of different clans of Kshatriya Rajputs . With the Islamic Invasion the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. Later the region became the capitol of Rohilkhand region before getting handed over to Nawab Vazir of Awadh and then to East India Company (transferred to the British India) and later becoming an integral part of India. The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history.
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Bareilly district
Bareilly district pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: बरेली, Urdu: بریلی)is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. City of Bareilly is the district headquarters. The district consists of six tehsils. These are: Aonla, Baheri, City of Bareilly, Faridpur, Meerganj and Nawabganj. Bareilly district is a part of Bareilly Division. The district occupies an area of 4120 km². The district has a population of 36,18,589 (2001 census).
According to the epic Mahābhārata, Bareilly region (Panchala) is said to be birth place of Draupadi, who was also referred to as 'Panchali' (one from the kingdom of Panchāla) by kṛṣṇā (Lord krishna). When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the Mahābhārata, Draupadi becomes his queen. In 12the Century, the kingdom was under the rule by different clans of Kshatriya Rajputs .
With the Islamic Invasion the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly foundation was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657.
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Barwani
Barwani (बडवानी ), also known as Badwani, is a city and a municipality in Barwani District in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The city is situated near the left bank of the Narmada River, and is the administrative headquarter of Barwani District. It has served as the capital of the former princely state of Barwani. It can be reached by road only. Nearest airport and railway station are located at Indore 150 KM from Barwani. Bawangaja, a Jain pilgrimage place, is 8 km from Barwani.
The name Badwani originated from the forests of BAD which had surrounded the city in old times. WANI is the old word for the Garden. Hence city got its name BADWANI which means Garden of Bads. Barwani is still pronounced as Badwani but it spells Barwani.
Barwani is located at 22°02′N 74°54′E / 22.03°N 74.9°E / 22.03; 74.9. It has an average elevation of 178 metres (583 feet). The great Narmada River flows through Barwani (just 5 km from city). The temperature of Barwani in April and May goes as high as 48'C, making it the hottest place in India.
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Basti district
Basti district (Hindi: बस्ती जिला, Urdu: ضلع بستی), is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India and Basti town is the district headquarters. Basti district is a part of Basti Division.
Basti was originally known as village. The origin of the name Vaishishthi is attributed to the fact that this area was the Ashram of Rishi (sage) Vashistha in ancient period. Lord rama with his younger brother laxman had been here for some time with rishi vasistha.
The tract comprising the present district was remote and much of it was covered with forest. But gradually the area became inhabitable, for want of recorded and reliable history it cannot, with any degree of certainty, be said how the district came to known by its present name on account of the original habitation (Basti) having been selected by the Kalhan Raja as a seat of his Raj, an event which probably occurred in the 16th century. In 1801,. Basti became the Tehsil headquarters and in 1865 it was chosen as the headquarters of the newly established district.
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Basti division
Basti Division (Hindi: बस्ती मण्डल, Urdu: بستی تقسیم, meaning "Circle Division" or "Distribution Village") is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Basti is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2005), the division consists following districts:
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Begusarai
Begusarai (Hindi बेगूसराय )(Urdu بیگو سراےء ) is a city and a municipal council in Begusarai district in the state of Bihar, India. Begusarai district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar and Begusarai town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district lies on the northern bank of the Ganga river . It is located at latitudes 25.15N & 25.45N and longitudes 85.45E & 86.36E. Begusarai is the birthplace of famous Hindi poet Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh and eminent historian Professor Ram Saran Sharma. Begusarai is the part of historic Mithila region. Begusarai had traditionally been a communist stronghold and was earlier also referred to as the Leningrad of Bihar.
The name of the district apparently comes from "Begum" (queen) and "Sarai" (inn). The Begum of Bhagalpur used to visit "Simaria Ghat" (holy place on the banks of Ganga) for a month of pilgrimage, which later took to the slang of Begusarai. Begusarai was established in 1870 as a subdivision of Munger District. In 1972, it was given district status after a strong pressure on the government by Late Rai Saheb Bhubneshwari Sahai, a charismatic leader of the local community who was also the first person in the district to be awarded the prestigious title of Rai Saheb under the British Raj.
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Betul District
Betul District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Betul serves as its administrative headquarters. The district is a part of Narmadapuram Division.
According to the 2011 census Betul district has a population of 1,582,793, roughly equal to the nation of Gabon or the US state of Idaho. This gives it a ranking of 314th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 466 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,210 /sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 6.85 %. Betel has a sex ratio of 962 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 85.4 %.
The district has an area of 10043 km2. According to the provisional data of the 2011 census, population of the district is 1,575,247 (799,721 males and 775,526 females) with a sex ratio of 970 females per 1000 males. Population density is 157/km2. Total literacy rate is 70.1% (male 78.4% and female 61.6%).
The district is rich in tribal population. The tribal population of the district as per 2001 census is 5,49,907. Main tribes inhabiting the district are Gonds and Korkus. The other castes include Kurmis, Kunbis, Bhoyars, Chamars, Banias Rajputs, and sonis.
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Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km2 and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.
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Bharatpur district
Bharatpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Bharatpur is the district headquarters.
When Bharatpur was a princely state, it was the only political entity ever to have a Chartreuse colored flag.
According to the 2011 census Bharatpur district has a population of 2,549,121, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 166th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 503 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,300 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.32 %. Bharatpur has a sex ratio of 877 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 71.16 %.
The district has an area of 5,066 km². It is bounded by Rewari and Gurgaon districts of Haryana on the north, Mathura and Agra districts of Uttar Pradesh on the east, and the Rajasthan districts of Dholpur on the south, Karauli on the southwest, and Dausa and Alwar on the west.
Three rivers, the Ban Ganga, Rooparel, and Gambhir, cross the district. The Ban Ganga originates in Jaipur District, passes through Dausa and Bharatpur districts to meet the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh. The Gambhir River starts from Pachana Dam of Karauli District, and meets the Ban Ganga in Bayana tehsil. The Rooparel River starts from hills of Alwar District and enters the district in Kaman tehsil.
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Bhilwara
Bhilwara is the city in Mewar region of Rajasthan, India. This Cloth & Industrial city has its own uniqueness which makes it as a special district in Rajasthan.
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Bhiwani
Bhiwani (Urdu: بهيوانيي) (Hindi: भिवानी)is a city and a municipal council in Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana, India. It is known as the city of temples. Besides being a seat of spiritual learning, the city has been the centerstage of regional politics. The city is hometown to three of Haryana's chief ministers: Bansi Lal, Banarsi Dass Gupta and Hukum Singh.
District Bhiwani was created on 22 December 1972. The district headquarters is situated in Bhiwani town. Bhiwani has 442 villages, with main towns being Charkhi Dadri, Loharu, Bawani Khera and Tosham. The total area of Bhiwani district is 5,099 km².
The city has been a conventional school of boxing, with almost all of the members of the Indian Boxing Squad coming from its SAI hostel itself. Late Capt. Hawa Singh, the legendary boxer, helped establish the boxing academy here.
In the field of education, the city boasts of six things, one of them being the country's top textile research institute, the Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, established by the prestigious Birla Group. Further, there are four degree colleges (Adarsh Mahila Mahavidyalaya is one of the best college in M.D.U.), three colleges of education and a school of nursing. The Board of School Education, Haryana (Shiksha Board) is also situated in the city. Successdhaam.com is famous for his excellent support in distance education by providing Real Meaning of distance education and last is 99factors.com by providing tremendous flow of technical,computer and business knowledge for the welfare of society and culture. Govt. P.G College is famous college of Bhiwani its located on Hansi road.
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Bhopal
Bhopal /boʊˈpɑːl/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [bʱoːpaːl] ( listen)) is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Bhopal District and Bhopal Division. The city was the capital of the former Bhopal State. Bhopal is known as the City of Lakes for its various natural as well as artificial lakes and is also one of the greenest cities in India.
A B-1 class city, Bhopal houses various institutions and installations of national importance. Some of these include ISRO's Master Control Facility, the CSIR Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Bhopal), School of Planning and Architecture, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (associated with Hamidia Hospital, Sultania Zanana Hospital & Kamla Nehru Hospital), and the (approved, under-construction) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal.
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Bihar
Bihar (/bɨˈhɑr/, pronounced [bɪˈɦaːr] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (98,940 km2) and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India.
Bihar lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km2, which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, while the majority of the people speak Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. In 2000, Bihar was divided into 2 parts, the Southern part known as Jharkhand.
Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga, Videha/Mithila, Magadha and Vajji/Vrijji) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India. Out of five "The Greats" from India, four greats belonged to this region of India, Magadh: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya. From Magadha arose India's first and greatest empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization.Nalanda and Vikramshila were centres of learning established in the 5th and 8th century respectively in Bihar, and are counted amongst the oldest and truly international universities, where people all over the world came to study. Bihar has distinction of giving the world its first democracy through Lichchivi (modern days Vaishali) during ancient era.
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Bijnor
Bijnor (Hindi: बिजनौर, Urdu: بجنور) variously spelt as Bijnaur and Bijnour, is a city and a municipal board in Bijnor district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the district headquarters of Bijnor district.
Distance of Bijnor city form Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi, is 154 km via National Highway 119. SHEZ 07.07.1991
The Current MP from Bijnore is Sanjay Singh Chauhan, a Gujjar leader whose father was also the Ex Deputy CM of Uttar Pradesh, Chaudhary Narain Singh.He is one of the most active and efficient member of Parliament from Bijnor Constituency.[citation needed]Sh.Akhilesh singh yadav, who was the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
Little is known of the early history of Bijnor. District Bijnor is related to Mahabharat.There is a Vidur kuti in Bijnor.In the time of Mughal emperor Akbar, Bijnor formed part of the Mughal Empire. However, in the early part of the 18th century, the Rohilla Pashtuns established their independence in the country called by them Rohilkhand; and about 1748 the Rohilla chief Ali Mohammed Khan made his first annexations in Bijnor, the rest of which soon fell under the Rohilla domination. The northern districts were granted by Ali Mohammed Khan to Najib Khan, who gradually extended his influence west of the Ganges and at Delhi, receiving the title of Najib-ud-daula and becoming paymaster of the royal forces. His success, however, raised up powerful enemies against him, and at their instigation the Marathas invaded Bijnor. This was the beginning of a feud which continued for years. Najib, indeed, held his own, and for the part played by him in the victory of Panipat was made vizier of the empire. After his death in 1770, however, his son Zabita Khan was defeated by the Marathas, who overran all Rohilkhand.
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Bijnor district
Bijnor (Hindi: बिजनौर ज़िला, Urdu: بجنور ضلع) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Bijnor city is the district headquarters.
Bijnor, or more correctly Bijnaur, occupies the north-west corner of the Moradabad Division (historically, Rohilkhand or Bareilly region), and is a roughly triangular stretch of country with its apex to the north. The western boundary is formed throughout by the deep stream of the river Ganges, beyond which lie the four districts of Dehradun, Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Meerut, all belonging to the meerut Division. To the north and north-east in the hill country of Garhwal, the dividing ling being the submontane road, which runs from Hardwar along the foot of the Himalayas to Ramanagar, Haldwani and Tanakpur. This road, popularly known as the Kandi Saradk, belongs throughout its length to Garhwal, the transfer having taken place a few years since. On the east the Phika river for the greater part of its course constitutes the boundary, separating this district from Naini Tal and Moradabad, as far as its junction with the Ramganga; and to the south lie the Thakurdwara, Amroha, and Hasanpur tahsils of Moradabad, the boundary being conventional and undetermined by natural features. The extreme parallels of north latitude are 29° 2' and 29° 58' and of east longitude 78° 0' and 78° 57' from Lalitpur, the most northerly point, to koti Rao in the furthest eastern corner the distance in 56 miles (90 km); and from koti Rao to Kamharia in the south-westerly angle 57 miles (92 km); and from Kamharia to Lalitpur 62 miles (100 km). The total area of the district is liable to change slightly from time to time by reason of the erratic action of the Ganges and Ramganga: in 1906 it amounted to 1,145,272 acres (1789.5 square miles, 4634.75 km²) the average for the last five years being 1,147,967 acres (4,645.66 km²).
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Bikaner
Bikaner ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a District in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in northern India. It is located 330 kilometres (205 mi) northwest of the state capital, Jaipur. Bikaner city is the administrative headquarters of Bikaner District and Bikaner division. It was formerly the capital of the princely state of Bikaner. The city was founded by Rao Bika. Bikaner. in 1486 and from its small origins it has developed into the fifth largest city in Rajasthan. The Ganges Canal, completed in 1928, and the Indira Gandhi Canal, completed in 1987, have allowed the farming of crops such as mustard, cotton, groundnuts, wheat and vegetables. Other industries include wool production and the mining of Gypsum, plaster of Paris and bentonite.
Bikaner is famous for sweets and snacks (or namkeens in Hindi).
Prior to the mid 15th century, the region that is now Bikaner was a barren wilderness called Jangladesh. In 1488 Rao Bika established the city of Bikaner. Rao Bika was the second son of Maharaja Rao Jodha of the Rathor clan, the founder of Jodhpur and conquered the largely arid country in the north of Rajasthan. As the second son of Joda he had no chance of inheriting Jodhpur from his father or the title of Maharaja. He therefore decided to build his own kingdom in what is now the state of Bikaner in the area of Jungladesh. Though it was in the Thar Desert, Bikaner was considered an oasis on the trade route between Central Asia and the Gujarat coast as it had adequate spring water. Bika’s name was attached to the city he built and to the state of Bikaner (“the settlement of Bika”) that he established. Bika built a fort in 1478, which is now in ruins, and a hundred years later a new fort was built about 1.5 km from the city centre, known as the Junagarh Fort.
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Bokaro district
Bokaro district (Hindi: बोकारो जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India. It was established in 1991 by carving out one subdivision consisting of two blocks from Dhanbad District and six blocks from Giridih District. Bokaro Steel City is the district headquarters. The district has a population of about 2 million (2011 census). Bokaro District is one of the most industrialised zone in India. Bokaro is famous for its Steel Plant which is the biggest in Asia. It is the fourth integrated public sector steel plantin India built with Soviet help. It also famous for its quality educational system. Besides,it is also a popular tourist destination for people from Eastern Region and also foreigners.Bokaro houses companies like Steel Authority of India, Bharat Refractories Limited , Hindustan Steelworks Construction Limited,Damodar Valley Corporation , subsidiaries of Coal India Limited ,Electrosteel Castings Limited , Bokaro Power Supply Company Pvt. Limited (BPSCL) ,Indian Explosive Limited , Jaypee Group,Oil and Natural Gas Corporation and many more. Bokaro industrial area is located in Bokaro steel city established by state public sector BIADA (Bokaro Industrial Area Development Authority). Around 500 SSI units aresituated in this industrial area and they are having good infrastructural support Bokaro Steel City is also the Police HQ of Chhotanagpur Division. The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
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Bulandshahr
Bulandshahr (Hindi:बुलंदशहर, Urdu: بلند شہر) is a city and a municipal board in Bulandshahr district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Bulandshahr District. According to Government of India, the district Bulandshahr is one of the Minority Concentrated District in India on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators.
The history of Kurawali Distt.-Mainpuri (U.P.) begins even before 1200 BCE. This region is close to the capital of the Pandavas - Indraprastha and Hastinapur. After the decline of Hastinapur, Ahar, which is situated in the north-east part of Bulandshahr District, became an important place for the Pandavas.
Later the king Parma made a fort in this part of the region. A Tomar king named Ahibaran laid the foundation of a fort called Baran here and established his capital. It was traditionally called Baran city and only recently came to be called Bulandshahr in official usages. Since it was perched on a highland it came to be known as "high city" (Persian: بلند شهر), which translates as Bulandshahr in Persian language. There is a present day place called Upper Court (Hindi: ओपरकोट) which is believed to be the Fort of Raja Ahibarna and old Baran was limited to this area.
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Bulandshahr district
Bulandshahar District (Hindi: बुलन्दशहर ज़िला, Urdu: بلند شہر ضلع) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Bulandshahr city is the district headquarters.
Bulandshahr District is in the Meerut Division of Uttar Pradesh, located between Ganges and Yamuna rivers. This is situated between 28.4 0 south and 28.0 0 north latitude and between 77.0 0 and 78.0 0 longitude. The District is about 84 km in length and 62 km in breadth. The district is 237.44 meters above sea level. The district headquarters is situated at Bulandshahr city.
The district has many important towns such as Sikandrabad, Dibai, Shikarpur, Siyana, Bugrasi, Anoopshahr, Jehangirabad, Khurja and Bulandshahr.
The Ganges River separates the district from Jyotiba Phule Nagar District and Badaun District to the east. The district is bounded on the south by Aligarh District, on the west by Gautam Budh Nagar, and on the north by Ghaziabad District.
According to the 2011 census Bulandshahr district has a population of 3,498,507, roughly equal to the nation of Lithuania or the US state of Connecticut. This gives it a ranking of 85th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 788 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,040 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.09 %. Bulandshahar has a sex ratio of 892 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.23 %.
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Bundi
Bundi (Hindi – बूंदी) is a city and a municipality of 93,258 inhabitants (2011) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan state in northwest India. It is of particular architectural note for its ornate forts, palaces, and stepwell reservoirs known as baoris. It is the administrative headquarters of Bundi District.
The town of Bundi is situated 35 km from Kota and 210 km from Jaipur. It is located at 25°26′N 75°38′E / 25.44°N 75.64°E / 25.44; 75.64 and an average elevation of 268 metres (879 feet). The city lies near a narrow gorge, and is surrounded on three sides by hills of the Aravalli Range. A substantial wall with four gateways encircles the city. The town of Indragarh and nearby places are famous for the renowned temples of Kali and Kamleshwar. The Indargarh step well is considered as one of the most attractive places in the Bundi district, especially during the rainy season.
In the 2001 Indian census, Bundi had a population of 88,313. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bundi has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and female literacy of 57%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kota city is 35 km and Jaipur is 210 km.
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Burhanpur
Burhanpur (Hindi: बुरहानपुर)is a mid-size city in Madhya Pradesh state, India. It is the administrative seat of Burhanpur District. It is situated on the north bank of the Tapti River, 340 kilometres (211 mi) southwest of Bhopal and 540 kilometres (336 mi) northeast of Mumbai. The town is named after sufi saint Burhanuddin Gharib of Khuldabad. The city has a Municipal Corporation, and also is one of the district headquarters of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
In 1388, Malik Nasir Khan, the Faruqi dynasty Sultan of Khandesh founded Burhanpur city at the behest of Shaikh Zainuddin and named it after a well known medieval sufi saint, Burhan-ud-Din. Burhanpur became the capital of the Khandesh sultanate. Later, Miran Adil Khan II (reigned 1457–1501), another sultan of this dynasty built a citadel and a number of palaces in Burhanpur. During his long reign, Burhanpur was transformed to a major centre for trade and textile production. In 1601, Mughal emperor Akbar annexed the Khandesh sultanate and Burhanpur became tha capital of Khandesh Subah of the Mughal empire.In 1609 Jahangir appointed his second son Parvez to the governorship of the Mughal provinces of the Deccan, and the prince chose Burhanpur as his headquarters.
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Buxar
Buxar (Hindi: बक्सर Baksar, Urdu: بکسر) is a city in the state of Bihar in the Eastern part of India. It is the headquarters of Buxar District. The word Buxar is said to have been derived from VyaghraSar. The tiger face of Rishi Vedshira, an outcome of the curse of the sage Rishi Durvasa, was restored after bathing in a holy tank which was later named as VyaghraSar.
The present district of Buxar consists of areas under Buxar Sadar and Dumraon Sub-Division of the old Bhojpur district and came in existence in the year 1991. Buxar town is the headquarter of the district and also its principal town. The district is bounded on the north by Ballia district of U.P., on the south by Rohtas district, on the west by Ghazipur and Ballia districts of U.P. and on the east by Bhojpur district.
The town Buxar is located on the bank of river Ganges (Ganga). A road bridge over the Ganges connects Buxar with Ballia District in the neighboring state Uttar Pradesh. The town is connected to the state capital Patna by rail and road routes. The Buxar railway station is a major station. Many major trains pass through the station due to its strategic location. The spoken language is Bhojpuri, written in Devanagari script. Substantial proportion of trade activities are with well connected towns and cities in Uttar Pradesh such as Varanasi, Ballia and Ghazipur.
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Central Delhi
Central Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.
It is bounded by the Yamuna River on the east, and by the districts of North Delhi to the north, West Delhi and South West Delhi to the west, New Delhi to the south, and East Delhi to the east across the Yamuna..
Central Delhi has a population of 644,005 (2001 census), and an area of 25 km², with a population density of 25,759 persons per km².
Central Delhi houses the central business district and highrises. It includes Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) which served as capital of the Mughal Empire, and is home to the monuments like the Delhi Fort and the Jama Masjid, Delhi's principal mosque.
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Darya Ganj, Pahar Ganj, and Karol Bagh.
According to the 2011 census Central Delhi has a population of 578,671 , roughly equal to the nation of Solomon Islands or the US state of Wyoming. This gives it a ranking of 531st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 23,149 inhabitants per square kilometre (59,960 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was -10.48 %. Central Delhi has a sex ratio of 892 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 85.25 %.
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Chamba district
Chamba is the northwestern district of Himachal Pradesh, in India, with its headquarters in Chamba town. The towns of Dalhousie and Khajjhiar are popular hill stations and vacation spots for the people from the plains of northern India. Chamba is the only state in northern India to preserve a well-documented history from circa 500 A.D. Its high mountain ranges have given it a sheltered position and helped in preserving its centuries old relics and numerous inscriptions. The temples erected by rajas of Chamba more than a thousand years age continue to be under worship and the land grant-deeds executed on copper plates by them continue to be valid under the law.
Regarding the early history of this region it is believed that this area was at time inhabited by certain Kolian tribes,which were later, subjugated by the Khasas. The Khasas too after a time came under the sway of Audumbaras (2nd centaury B.C.). The Audmabaras had republican form of government and worshiped Shiva as their principal deity. From the Gupta period (4th Centaury A.D.) the Chamba region was under the control of Thakurs and Ranas who considered themselves superior to the low tribes of Kolis and Khasas. With the rise of Gurjara Pratiharas (7th Centaury A.D.) the Rajput Dynasties came to power. Much information about Himachal’s ancient history is given in epics like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana and other scriptures like the Vedas and the Puranas. The Mahabharata mentions the janapadas (some sort of a kingdom) of Kuluta (Kullu), Trigarta (Kangra), Kulind (Shimla hills and Sirmaur), Yugandhar (Bilaspur and Nalagarh), Gobdika (Chamba) and Audumbar (Pathankot).
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Chamoli district
Chamoli district (Hindi: चमोली ज़िला) is the second largest district of Uttarakhand state of India. It is bounded by the Tibet region to the north, and by the Uttarakhand districts of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar to the east, Almora to the south, Garhwal to the southwest, Rudraprayag to the west, and Uttarkashi to the northwest. The administrative headquarters of the district is Gopeshwar.
Chamoli hosts a variety of destinations of pilgrim and tourists' interest. Badrinath, Hemkund Sahib, Valley of Flowers and Auli. Chamoli also happened to be a birthplace of "Chipko movement". Chamoli proved itself "the most spectacular in its natural assets; be it maintain scenery, valley aspects, water-edges, floristic varieties, dramatic landform or the climatic cardinalities". The district is also inhabited by Bhotiya ethnic group who adhere to Hinduism.
The region covered by the district of Chamoli forms part of the district of Pauri garhwal of the Kumaon till 1960. It occupies the northeastern corner of the Garhwal tract and lies in the central or mid-Himalayas in the very heart of the snowy range described in ancient books as Bahirgiri, one of the three divisions of the Himalayan mountains.
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Champawat
Champawat (Hindi: चम्पावत) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Champawat district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Champawat district.
Champwat is believed to the place where the Kurmavtar (the turtle incarnation of Lord Vishnu) took place.
Champawat was formerly the capital of the Chand dynasty rulers. The Baleshwar Temple built by the Chand rulers in 16th century is an excellent monument with marvelous stone carving works.
The present king of Kumaon is Raja Mahendra Chand of Lamakhet, he is married to Rani Gita Chand of Rina and has three childrens (Rajkumari Aakanksha Chand, Rajkumari Mallika Chand, Rajkumar Aryan Chand)
Champawat was home to the Champawat Tiger.
Champawat is located at 29°20′N 80°06′E / 29.33°N 80.10°E / 29.33; 80.10. It has an average elevation of 1,610 metres (5,280 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census,<marquee> Champawat had a population of 3958. Males constitute 57% of the population and females 43%. Champawat has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 78% and female literacy of 67%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Chandauli
Chandauli (Hindi:चंदौली), also known as Chandoli, is a town and a nagar panchayat in Chandauli district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Chandauli District.
Chandauli is located at 25°16′N 83°16′E / 25.27°N 83.27°E / 25.27; 83.27. It has an average elevation of 70 metres (230 ft).
As of 2001[update] India census, Chandauli had a population of 20,071. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Chandauli has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 74% and female literacy of 55%. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Gaon Giraw is the first weekly and first daily Hindi newspaper of the district. Shridhar Dwivedi is the founder of this publication group.
Satyajit Tiwari established RAMA MISSION FOR INDIA (a non-profit organization committed to change the way youths in rural India think, perceive, and act).
Satyajit considers education as the driving force for the change he intended to bring about. The primary ways and means adopted to help reach the noble destination are as follows:
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Chandauli district
Chandauli District (Hindi: चंदौली ज़िला, Urdu: چندولی ضلع) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Chandauli town is the district headquarters. Chandauli district is a part of Varanasi Division.
Chanduali became a district in the period of Mayawati (a chief minister of Uttar Pradesh). It borders Bihar in the East and hence there are lot of cultural effects and festivals similar to Bihar. Mughal sarai, a city in the district has the busiest rail station in the North East of India. It has great natural beauty in the form of Chandraprabha Sanctuary and many waterfalls which include Devdari and Rajdari. The District contributes to Indian GDP by providing the various cereals from the district including paddy and wheat. Popularly known as the "Dhaan Ka Katora of Uttar Pradesh" bacause of extreme fertile lands of the Gangetic Plain. Chanduali district made big contributions at the time of freedom movements. Chanduali District is not much developed and there were lot of problems of infrastructure and education. But slowly, situation is improving as people are now awakened and want development of the area as critical for their future. In Chanduali there is a very famous village named Khakhara which is famous for the protest against Britishers for the freedom of the India.
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Chandigarh
Chandigarh /ˈtʃɑːndɨɡər/ is a city and union territory in India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is derived from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city. It is also referred to as The City Beautiful due to its beautiful surroundings, central grid of gardens, each dedicated to different species of flora.
The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India and is known internationally for its architecture and urban design. The city has projects designed by architects such as Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew, and Maxwell Fry. The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the highest per capita income in the country at Rs.99,262 at current prices and Rs.70,361 at constant prices (2006–2007). The city was reported in 2010 to be the "cleanest" in India, based on a national government study, and the territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories according to research conducted using 2005 data by Human Development Index.
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Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
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Chhatarpur
Chhatarpur is a city and a municipality in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Chhatarpur District.
Chhatarpur was founded in 1785 and is named after the Bundela Rajput leader Chhatrasal, the founder of Bundelkhand independence, and contains his cenotaph. The state was ruled by his descendants until 1785. At that time the Ponwar clan of the Rajputs took control of Chhatarpur. The state was guaranteed to Kunwar Sone Singh Ponwar in 1806 by the British Raj. In 1854 Chhatarpur would have lapsed to the British government for want of direct heirs under the doctrine of lapse, but was conferred on Jagat Raj as a special act of grace. The Ponwar Rajas ruled a princely state with an area of 1,118 square miles (2,900 km2), and population of 156,139 in 1901, which was part of the Bundelkhand agency of Central India. In 1901 the town of Chhatarpur had a population of 10,029, a high school and manufactured paper and coarse cutlery. The state also contained the British cantonment of Nowgaon.
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Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh /ˈtʃætɨsɡər/[citation needed] (Chhattisgarhi/Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़, pronounced [tʃʰət̪ˈt̪iːsɡəɽʱ] ( listen)) is a state in Central India. The state was formed on November 1, 2000 by partitioning 16 Chhattisgarhi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh.
Raipur is the capital of the state of Chhattisgarh, which is the 10th-largest state in India, with an area of 135,190 km2 (52,200 sq mi). By population, it ranks as the 16th-largest state of the nation. It is an important electrical power and steel-producing state of India. Chhattisgarh produces 15% of the steel made in the country.
Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh on the northwest, Maharashtra on the west, Andhra Pradesh on the south, Orissa on the east, Jharkhand on the northeast, and Uttar Pradesh on the north.
There are a wide array of opinions on the origin of the word Chhattisgarh. The name is not a very old one and has come into popular usage in the last few centuries. In ancient times, the region was called Dakshin Kosala (South Kosala). The name Chhattisgarh was popularized during the Maratha period and was first used in an official document in 1795.
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Chhindwara
Chhindwara is an urban agglomeration and a municipality in Chhindwara district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Chhindwara District. Chhindwara is reachable by rail or road from adjacent cities Nagpur and Jabalpur. The nearest airport is in Nagpur (130 km); however, a small airport (air-strip) is available at Chhindwara for landing charter aeroplanes/helicopters. The population of the District is 2,090,306, with a growth rate of 13%, a sex ratio of .966 ♂/♀. The literacy percentage is 72.2% ..
Chhindwara is one of the larger towns located in the Satpura range. It is situated on a plateau, surrounded by the lush green fields, rivers and sagaun trees. Chhindwara is surrounded by dense forest with diverse flora and fauna.
It is believed that Chhindwara District was full of "Chhind" (Date-Palm or Phoenix dactylifera) trees many years ago, and the place was named "Chhind"-"Wada" (wada means place). There is also another story that because of the population of Lions (called "Sinh" in Hindi), it was considered that making entry into this district is akin to entering the lions' den. Hence it was called "Sinh Dwara" (means through the entrance of lion). In due course of time it became "Chhindwara".
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Chini Ka Rauza
Chini ka Rauza is a funerary monument in Agra, India, containing the tomb of Allama Afzal Khan Mullah, a scholar and poet who was the Prime Minister of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The tomb was built in 1635. Chini ka Rauza is situated just 1 kilometer north of Itmad-Ud-Daulah Tomb, on the eastern bank of Yamuna river in Agra.
Chini Ka Rauza was built in the reign of Shah Jahan. Allama Afzal Khan Mullah of Shiraz, was a scholar and poet who went on to become the Prime Minister of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
Chini-ka-Rauza is considered a milestone in Indo-Persian architecture, as it is the very first building in India that has been exclusively decorated by the glazed tile works. The most distinctive feature of the tomb is the colorful tiles or chini, from which the mausoleum gets its name. the tomb is rectangular in shape and is constructed mainly of brown stone. The walls of the tomb are adorned with inscriptions and colored tiles that give a distinctive look to the structure.
As one moves towards the central chamber of the Chini ka Rauza which has octagonal shape and boasts of 8 curved recesses, there are 4 square chambers that are linked with the halls in the corner and outside porches. However, perhaps the most significant feature of the tomb is the Afghan-style rounded dome that is adorned with inscriptions from Islamic texts.
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Chitrakoot district
Chitrakoot district (Hindi: चित्रकूट जिला) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Chitrakoot town is the district headquarters. Chitrakoot district is a part of Chitrakoot Division. The district occupies an area of 3,205 km². The district has a population of 766,225 (2001 Census). As of 2011 it is the second least populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71), after Mahoba.
On 6 May 1997 a new district was carved out from the erstwhile Banda district comprising its Karwi and Mau tehsils. The district was initially named as Chhatrapati Shahuji Nagar district. On 4 September 1998 it was renamed as Chitrakoot district.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Chitrakoot one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Successive governments have often ignored the district's development and hence has become one of the most remote and cut-off districts in India.
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Chittorgarh
Chittorgarh (Hindi: चित्तौड़गढ़) pronunciation (help·info)} (also Chittor, Chittaur, or Chittaurgarh) is a city and a municipality in Rajasthan state of western India. It lies on the Berach River, a tributary of the Banas, and is the administrative headquarters of Chittorgharh District and a former capital of the Sisodia clans of Rajputs of Mewar. The city of Chittaurgarh is located on the banks of river Gambhiri and Berach. The district was bifurcated and a new district namely Pratap Garh was created with certain portion taken from Udaipur district in the newly created district of Pratap Garh.
Fiercely independent, the fort of Chittor was under siege thrice and each time they fought bravely and thrice Jauhar was committed by the ladies and children, first led by Rani Padmini, and later by Rani Karnavati. The famous warriers Gora and Badal, in the war against Allaudin Khalji (1303 AD), have become legendary. The sacrifice of Jaimal and Phata in the war against the Mughals (1568 AD) was so great that the Mughal Empror Akbar installed their statues in the fort of Agra. It has also been land of worship for Meera. Chittorgarh is home to the Chittorgarh Fort, the largest fort in Asia.
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Churu
Churu (Rajasthani: चूरु) is a town in the desert region of Rajasthan state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Churu District. It lies in the Thar Desert on the National Highway-65 connecting Pali to Ambala and is a junction station on the railway line to Bikaner. It is near the shifting sand dunes of the Thar Desert and has grand havelis with marvelous fresco paintings, namely Kanhaiya lal Bagla ki Haweli and Surana Haweli, with hundreds of small windows. It also has some fine Chhatris. Near the town is a religious seat of the Nath sect of Sadhus where there are life-size Marble statue of their deities and a place for prayers. There stands a Dharam Stup, a symbol of religious equality. At the centre of the town is a fort built about 400 years ago.
Founded in A.D. 1620 by Churru, a chieftain of the Jats (an agricultural people of northern India). Churu, like an oasis, situated in the middle of the shifting golden sand dunes, opens the gate to the great desert of Thar. Geographically, it lies in 28°18′N latitude and 74°58′E longitude. Administratively, it is the headquarter of the Churu District., The temples of Salasar Balaji & Balaji Babosa are situated in the Churu district.
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Climate of Agra
Coordinates: 27°18′0″N 78°02′02″E / 27.3°N 78.03389°E / 27.3; 78.03389
The climate of Agra features a semi-arid climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate. The city features mild winters, hot and dry summers and a monsoon season. However the monsoons, though substantial in Agra, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. Agra has a reputation of being one of the hottest towns in India; hottest in terms of both, tourist destination as well as temperature. In summers the city witnesses a sudden surge in temperature and at times, mercury go beyond even 46°C mark. The humidity is appalling and is sure to leave you puffing and panting. During the summers, the daytime temperature hovers around 46-50°C. Nights are relatively cooler and mercury dips to a comfortable 30°C. It rains scantly during the monsoons as Agra falls in a semi-arid region. The annual average rainfall never goes beyond 400 millimeters. Winters are bit chilly but are the best time to visit Agra. The minimum temperature sometimes goes as low as -.2to-.4°C but usually hovers in the range of 6-8°C. Days are pleasant and best to roam around the historical city Winter is the best season to visit Agra, when days are warm and sunny and ideal for sightseeing.
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Coimbatore
Coimbatore (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர், pronounced [kɔəjmbaːʈɔrɪ]), also known as Kovai (Tamil: கோவை, pronounced [kɔʋaːəj] ( listen)), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the 15th largest urban agglomeration in India with a metropolitan population of over 2 million. It is a major commercial centre and has often been referred to as the "Manchester of South India".
The Coimbatore region has been ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, the later Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire and the Madurai Nayaks and is believed to have been named after a chieftain called Koyan. In the 17th century, the city became a part of the Kingdom of Mysore and remained so until its conquest by the British East India Company in 1799. The history of modern Coimbatore, however, dates from the 1930s, when the city grew rapidly capitalizing on a textile boom. Since then, the city has witnessed steady growth fueled by its favourable soil, climate and political and economic conditions.
Coimbatore is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation which comprises 100 wards grouped into five zones. It is situated on the banks of the Noyyal River in western Tamil Nadu and is surrounded by the Western Ghats on all sides. It is well connected by road, rail and air with major towns and cities in India.
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Damoh
Damoh is a town in the Sagar Division in north-eastern Madhya Pradesh in India. The town is located 260 kilometres (162 mi) east of state capital Bhopal and is situated north of Tikamgarh. It is the administrative headquarters of Damoh District.
Damoh is located at 21°53′N 80°47′E / 21.88°N 80.78°E / 21.88; 80.78. It has an average elevation of 595 metres (1952 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Damoh had a population of 112,160. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Damoh has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 89% and, female literacy is 66%. In Damoh, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The town has a significant cattle-market and a number of small industries such as weaving, dyeing and pottery-making. The district of Damoh has an area of 7,306 km2. Except on the south and east, where the offshoots from the surrounding hills and patches of jungle break up the countryside, the district consists of open planes of varying degrees of fertility, interspersed with low ranges and isolated heights wit the richest tracts lie in the centre.
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Dantewada
Dantewada (also known as Dantewara) (Hindi: दंतेवाडा) is a town and a nagar panchayat in the Dantewada district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dantewada District.
The town is named after the goddess Danteshwari, the presiding deity of the Danteshwari Temple located in the town, 80 km from the Jagdalpur tehsil. The goddess is worshipped as an incarnation of Shakti and the temple is held to be one of the fifty-two sacred Shakti Peethas.
Dantewada is located at 18°54′00″N 81°21′00″E / 18.9000°N 81.3500°E / 18.9000; 81.3500. It has an average elevation of 351 meters (1154 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Dantewada had a population of 6632. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dantewada has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78% and, female literacy is 61%. In Dantewada, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Over the last year, more than 350 people have been killed and 50,000 moved into camps in the Dantewada district, as a result of a battle between Maoist rebels and an Indian government-funded militia called Salwa Judum.
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Darbhanga
Darbhangā is a twin city and a municipal corporation and the capital city of the Darbhanga district and Darbhanga Division in the state of Bihar, India. It is one of the most important districts of North Bihar situated in the very heart of Mithilanchal.[citation needed] According to the latest 2011 census, the total population of the district is 3,921,971, of which about 91.30% live in rural areas. There are 511,125 people in scheduled castes, while there are only 841 people in scheduled tribes; together, they accounted for 15.53% of the total population. The total male population is 2,053,043, with the female population being 1,868,928. The population density is as high as 1,721 per km2 and the sex ratio is 910[clarification needed]. 290,889 families were below the poverty line, with 1,745,334 people (66.28% of the population).
The history of Darbhanga dates back to the Ramayana and Mahabharata periods; it is among the oldest cities of Bihar. According to the Vedic sources, the Videhas first migrated to the area from the banks of Saraswati in Punjab, they were guided to the east of Sadanira (Gandak River) by Agni, the God of Fire. Settlements were established and, thus, flourished the kingdom of the Videhas, the Selfless.
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Datia
Datia is a city and a municipality in Datia district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative center of Datia District. It was formerly the seat of the eponymous princely state in the British Raj. Datia is situated near Gwalior and on the border with Uttar Pradesh (U.P); the town of Jhansi in U.P. is only about 25 km away.
The old town is surrounded by a stone wall, enclosing handsome palaces and gardens; the 17th century palace of Bir Singh Deo is one of the finest examples of Hindu domestic architecture available in north India.
Datia had formerly been a state in the bundelkhand region.The ruling family were Rajputs of the Bundela clan; they descended from a younger son of a former raja of Orchha. The state was administered as part of the Bundelkhand Agency of Central India. It lay in the extreme north-west of Bundelkhand, near Gwalior, and was surrounded on all sides by other princely states of Central India, except on the east where it bordered upon the United Provinces.
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Dausa
Dausa (Devanagari: दौसा) is a city and administrative headquarters of Dausa district in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is 55 km from Jaipur,240 km from Delhi and situated at NH-11. It is also known as "Dev Nagari."
Dausa District was constituted on 10 April 1991 by separating 4 tehsils, namely Dausa, Baswa, Sikrai, karodi & Lalsot of Jaipur district. Mahwa Tehsil of Sawai Madhopur was included in this district on 15 August 1992.
The city of Dausa is situated in the north-eastern region of Rajasthan, a region widely known as Dhundhar. Dausa was an important political place for Dhundhar region. The Kachwaha ruler Raja Sodh Dev who came from Gwalior ruled this region during 996 to 1006 AD, and his son Dulha Rao ruled for 30 years. The Kachwahas' capital was later moved to Amer, India.
Dausa has given prominent freedom fighters to the nation. Late Shri Tikaram Paliwal & Late Shri Ram Karan Joshi were amongst the freedom fighters who gave their valuable contribution for fight for independence and for amalgamation of the Princely States to form Rajasthan State. Late Shri Tikaram Paliwal was the First elected Chief Minister of Rajasthan in 1952 after independence. Also, Late Shri Ram Karan Joshi was the First Panchayati Raj Minister of the Rajasthan state who submitted the First Panchayati Raj Bill in the Vidhansabha in 1952.
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Dayalbagh
Dayalbagh is a suburb of Agra in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Dayalbagh is the headquarters of the Radhasoami Faith religion. The city is also home to Dayalbagh Educational Institute. It comprises various Colleges, prominently among them being Dayalbagh Engineering College.
As of the 2001 India census, Dayalbagh had a population of 3324. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. In Dayalbagh, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The Dayalbagh Educational Institute is located amidst the tranquil environs of Dayalbagh, a self-contained colony renowned for its serene environment and secular establishments, in which its inhabitants lead an active, disciplined and co-operative community life dedicated to service, conforming to the high spiritual ideals of their faith. On the outskirts of the historic city of Agra, the campus is situated in garden settings, away from the din and noise of the city. Nestled between lush green fields, it provides an excellent ambience and academic setting that is in harmony with nature. This, along with a simple, disciplined and principled life, undoubtedly contributes to the strength of the social, moral and spiritual fiber of the institute's educational system.
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Dehradun
Dehra Dun, or Dehradun /ˌdɛrəˈduːn/ (Hindi: देहरादून, Dēharādūn), is the capital city of the State of Uttarakhand in north India. Located in the Garhwal region, it is 255 km north of India's capital New Delhi and consists of 6 tehsils, 6 community development blocks, 17 towns and 764 inhabited villages. The city has been chosen as one of the "Counter Magnets" of the National Capital Region (NCR) and is being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area.
Dehradun is renowned for its natural resources, publishing services, and for its prestigious educational institutions such as the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Indian Military Academy (IMA) and several day and boarding schools which are highly reputed across the country. It is also home to national foundations such as the Indian Institute of Petroleum, Survey of India, Wildlife Institute of India and the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation.
Located on the foothills of the Himalayas, the Doon Valley is nestled between two of India's mightiest rivers - the Ganges on the east and the Yamuna on the west. Dehradun is famous for its picturesque landscape and pleasant climate and provides a gateway to the surrounding region. It is well connected and in proximity to popular Himalayan tourist destinations such as Mussoorie, Nainital and Auli and the Hindu holy cities of Haridwar and Rishikesh along with the Himalayan pilgrimage circuit of Char Dham.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Deoghar
Deoghar is the headquarters city of Deoghar District in the Santhal Parganas division of the state of Jharkhand, India. It is an important Hindu pilgrimage centre, having in Baidyanath Temple one of the twelve Shiva Jyothirlingams in India and also one of the 51 Shakti Peethas in India.
Deoghar is a Hindi word and the literal meaning of 'Deoghar' is abode ('ghar') of the Gods and Goddesses ('dev'). Deoghar is also known as "Baidyanath Dham", "Baba Dham", "B. Deoghar". The origin of Baidyanathdham is lost in antiquity. It has been referred as Haritakivan, Ketakivan, etc., in Sanskrit Texts. The name Deoghar seems to be of recent origin and probably dates from erection of the great temple of Lord Baidyanath. Although, the name of the builder of the temple is not traceable, certain parts of the front portion of the temple are said to have been built by Puran Mal, an ancestor of the Maharaja of Giddhour, in 1596.
Deoghar is located at 24°29′N 86°42′E / 24.48°N 86.7°E / 24.48; 86.7. It has an average elevation of 254 metres (833 feet).
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Deoria district
Deoria district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Deoria town is the district headquarters. Deoria district is a part of Gorakhpur division.
The area now known as the Deoria District was once a part of the Kosala Kingdom - a prime centre of ancient Aryan culture surrounded by the Himalayas in the north, the Shyandika river in the south, the Panchala Kingdom in the west and the Magadh Kingdom in Bihar to the east. Apart from the many legends told about this area, archaeological remains, such as statues, coins, bricks, temples, and Budh Maths, have been discovered at many locations in this district, showing that there was a developed and organised society long ago.
Ancient history of the district is related with the Ramayana times when the Lord of Kosala, Ram, appointed his elder son Kusha the king of Kushwati, which is present-day Kushinagar. Before the Mahabharata era, this area had been related with Chakravorty Samrat Mahasudtsan Mall and his kingdom. Kushinagar was well developed and prosperous. Close to the border of his kingdom was the thick forested area called the Mahavan. This area was under the control of the Maurya rulers, the Gupta rulers, the Bihar rulers, and then the Garhwal ruler Govinda Chandra from 1114 AD until 1154 AD.
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Dewas District
Dewas District (Hindi: देवास ज़िला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Dewas is the district headquarters.
The district has an area 7,020 km², and a population 1,306,617 (2001 census), an increase of 26% since 1991.
Dewas District roughly corresponds to the territories of the twin princely states of Dewas. The district straddles the Vindhya Range; the northern portion of the district lies on the Malwa plateau, while the southern portion lies in the valley of the Narmada River. The portion on the Malwa Plateau grows wheat, sorghum, rice, and cotton. The Narmada forms the southern boundary of the district. The district is bounded to the east by Sehore District, to the south by the Harda and Khandwa districts, to the west by the Khargone and Indore districts, and to the north by the Ujjain and Shajapur districts. Dewas District is part of Ujjain Division. Devsaal Rawats of Uttarakhand are said to have their origins in Dewas at the time of legendary king Vikramāditya.
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Dhamtari
Dhamtari is one of the oldest municipality region.The district was officially formed on 6 July 1998 dividing the Raipur district currently the capital of Chhattisgarh along with Mahasamund .District is situated in the fertile plains of Chhattisgarh Region.The total area of the district is 2029 km2. and 305 Meter above the mean sea level.The District is surrounded by District Raipur in North & District Kanker as well as Bastar in South, part of Orissa state in East & District Durg and Kanker in West.Mahanadi is the principal river of this district.Its tributaries being Sendur, Pairy, Sondur, Joan, Kharun and Shivnath. The fertility of lands of Dhamtari district can be attributed to the presence of these rivers. The chief crop of this region is Paddy.
Dhamtari is located at 20°43′N 81°33′E / 20.71°N 81.55°E / 20.71; 81.55. It has an average elevation of 317 metres (1040 feet).
Dhamtari, with a population of 17,278 in 1955, was an important town in the Raipur District, Madhya Pradesh, India. [It became part of the new Chhattisgarh state in 2000.] It was headquarters for the Dhamtari Tahsil, a political division comparing approximately to a county in the United States. Its importance lay also in the fact that it was the terminus of a narrow-gauge railway line from Raipur, 80 km (50 miles) to the north on the main Bombay-Calcutta line of the Bengal Nagpur railway. From here roads radiated to the south, east, and west, so that Dhamtari became the trading and shipping center for points 150 and more km distant. Among the goods shipped from Dhamtari were forest products such as timber, shellac, morabulum nuts and biri (cigarette) leaves, along with rice, hides, and other farm produce.
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Dhanauli
Dhanauli is a census town in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dhanauli has also been known as Dhanoli. This had been a small village for most part of the 20th Century. This small village used to revolve around a powerful family of Paliwals. This family controlled most of the land and the revenue coming out of it was shared with the Mughal kingdom of Agra. Paliwals migrated to Dhanauli sometime in 16th-17th century from Rajasthan. They created a small settlement and over a period became very rich and powerful. The main occupation of Paliwals was farming and money-lending. Till late 1980s the village was fairly small. However, a caste related violence in 1991 between Jats and Jatavs, forced the Jatavs of the hinterland to move out and settle in Dhanauli which is fairly close to the Agra city.
As of 2001[update] India census, Dhanauli had a population of 23,475. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Dhanauli has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79% and, female literacy is 55%. In Dhanauli, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Dhanbad
Dhanbad (Hindi: धनबाद, Bengali: ধনবাদ) is a city in the state of Jharkhand, and is also known as the Coal Capital of India. Dhanbad is the 96th fastest growing city in the world. According to the 2011 census, Dhanbad is among the 53 cities of India with a population of more than one million and is the 42nd largest city. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the second largest in terms of revenue generation after Mumbai division.
Dhanbad is famous for coal mining. Tata Steel, BCCL, ECL and IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) are some of the companies having coal mines in the district. Coal mining, coal washing, and coke making are the main coal-related industries in the city. IISCO is now owned by SAIL, while BCCL and Eastern Coalfields Limited are subsidiaries of Coal India Limited (CIL); these two companies are the largest operators of coal mines in Dhanbad, and have open cast mines as well as underground mines, whereas Tata Steel has mostly underground mines. These companies have developed townships for their employees. The prestigious Indian School of Mines is located in the heart of the city of Dhanbad.
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Dhar
Dhār (Hindi/Marathi: धार) is located in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dhar District. The town is located 33 miles (53 km) west of Mhow, 908 ft (277 m) above sea level. It is picturesquely situated among lakes and trees surrounded by barren hills, and possesses, besides its old ramparts, many interesting buildings, both Hindu and Muslim, some of them containing records of cultural and historical importance.
Dhar district has been on the cultural map of India since time immemorial. People used to engage themselves in fine arts such as painting, sculpture, music, dancing, etc. Many of the Bagh cave paintings of the Gupta period have now been destroyed but whatever remain tell us about the high attainment during that period. There is a beautiful painting regarding music and dance, which is an example of the oriental Hallisak dance. The depiction of nature in its affluent forms, together with male and female figures in various emotional poses is the treasure of these caves. The construction of magnificent buildings, forts, temples, mosques, etc., during the medieval period at Dhar, Mandu and the surroundings indicate the engagements and amusements of the people of those days.
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Dholpur
Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Rajasthani: धौलपुर) is a city in eastern-most parts of the Rajasthan state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dholpur District and was formerly seat of the Dholpur princely state, before Independence.
Dhaulpur became a separate district in 1982 comprising four tehsils of Bharatpur: Dholpur, Rajakhera, Bari and Baseri. It is bordered by Bharatpur district of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the south, Karauli district to the west and Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh to the east.
Dholpur, according to the Epics, was initially known as Dhawalgiri, later on Dhaulagir, and now as Dholpur. Before the battle of Mahabharat this whole area was under the Yadavs whose different branches were spread over the entire area extending from the south of the river Chambal. The key to the ancient history of Dholpur is the ruins of strength the fort which is on the bank of river Chambal.
During the second phase of ancient history, he asked Indra to allow him to sleep peacefully and if anyone should wake him up, Muchukund’s angry gaze would burn him to ashes. Mahabharat reveals that during one of the battles with the demons Krishna came to the spot where Muchukund was sleeping. He put his pitamber on the sleeping Muchukund. The demon thinking him to be Krishna woke him up, and thus the demon was burnt to ashes, and thus the life of Krishna was saved. The event took place, in a spot very near to the Muchukund Ji’s temple, where the ruins of old palaces still exist. The appearance of these, however does not seem to be that old.
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Dindori District
Dindori District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The town of Dindori is the district headquarters. The district is part of Jabalpur Division.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Dindori one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
In dindori district, The Ghughua Fossil National Park of Madhya Pradesh is a unique destination in India, which has been blessed with a priceless treasure trove of plant fossils. Fossils belonging to 31 genera of 18 plant families have been identified.These fossils represent life as it occurred in this area some 65 million years ago. Well-preserved fossils of woody plants,climbers,leaves,flowers,fruits and seeds have been found here. Palm fossils are particularly numerous.
According to the 2011 census Dindori District has a population of 704,218, roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan or the US state of Alaska. This gives it a ranking of 501st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 94 inhabitants per square kilometre (240 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.26 %. Dindori has a sex ratio of 1004 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 65.47 %.
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Dumka
Dumka,(Hindi: दुमका) headquarters of Dumka district, is a city and municipality in the state of Jharkhand, India. It was made the headquarters of the Santhal Pargana region which was carved out of Bhagalpur and Suri districts after The Great Santal Hul 1855. Presently, it is the commissionary headquarter of Santal Pargana division which has 6 districts. It was bestowed the status of sub-capital of Jharkhand state.
There are two theories as to how Dumka got its present name. The first one being that Dumka got its name from the santali word Dumk which mean "shunted" or "small". Back during the British Raj it was a small town compared to Suri and Bhagalpur and hencce the name.
The other theory is that Dumka derives its name from a Persian word damin-i-koh, which means 'skirts (an edge, border or extreme part) of the hills'. The Mughals assigned this name to this and nearby areas on account of presence of hillocks and undulating terrain.[citation needed]
Dumka is located at 24°16′N 87°15′E / 24.27°N 87.25°E / 24.27; 87.25. It has an average elevation of 137 metres (449 feet).
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Dungarpur
Dungarpur is a city in the southernmost part of Rajasthan state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dungarpur District. The rail line between Udaipur and Himatnagar in Gujarat runs through the town, shortest distance to the National Highway 8 from Dungapur town is 20 km.
Dungarpur is the seat of elder branch of Sisodiyas of Udaipur, while the younger branch is the seat of the Maharana of Mewar. It was founded in 1197 by Samant Singh, the eldest son of the ruler of Mewar, Karan Singh They are descendants of Bappa Rawal, eighth ruler of the Guhilot Dynasty and founder of the Mewar Dynasty (r. 734-753).
The chiefs of Dungarpur, who bear the title of Maharawal, are descended from Mahup, eldest son of Karan Singh, chief of Mewar in the 12th century, and claim the honours of the elder line of Mewar. Mahup, disinherited by his father, took refuge with his mother's family, the Chauhans of Bagar, and made himself master of that country at the expense of the Bhil chiefs.
The town of Dungarpur, the capital of the state, was founded towards the end of the 14th century by his descendant Rawal Bir Singh, who named it after Dungaria, an independent Bhil chieftain whom he had caused to be assassinated. After the death of Rawal Udai Singh of Bagar at the Battle of Khanwa in 1527, where he fought alongside Rana Sanga against Babar, his territories were divided into the states of Dungarpur and Banswara. Successively under Mughal, Maratha, and British Raj control by treaty in 1818, where it remained 15-gun salute state
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Durg
Durg is a city located in Chhattisgarh state, Central India. It is located just east of the Seonath River (Shivnath River) and is part of the Durg-Bhilai urban agglomeration. The city is an agricultural market and is heavily engaged in milling rice and pigeon peas. Durg gained importance as an industrial centre after the establishment of a large steel plant at Bhilai. Industries include brass working and bell-metal working, oil pressing, mining, and weaving. It is the headquarters of Durg District, the third largest district of Chattisgarh.
Forest Cover is 9.01% i.e. 730 square kilometers.
Durg District is a populous District of Chhattisgarh. It occupies the southwestern part of the Chhattisgarh plain and possesses belts of hilly country in the south, southwest and northwest, bestowed with mineral resources and forests. The National Highway No. 6 (Mumbai - Nagpur - Calcutta) is the major highway of the district and the train route is the main line of the South Eastern Railway midway between Mumbai-Calcutta. Nearest airport from the District Headquarter Durg is at Raipur about 60 km.
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East Delhi
East Delhi (aka Trans Yamuna) is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India. It is bounded by the Yamuna River on the west, North East Delhi to the north, Ghaziabad District of Uttar Pradesh state to the east, and Gautam Buddha Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh to the south.
East Delhi has a population of 1,448,770 (2001 census) and an area of 64 km², with a population density of 22,638 persons per km².
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions: Gandhi Nagar, Preet Vihar, and Vivek Vihar.
According to the 2011 census East Delhi has a population of 1,707,725 , roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gives it a ranking of 284th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 26,683 inhabitants per square kilometre (69,110 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.68 %. East Delhi has a sex ratio of 883 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.75 %.
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Etah
Etah (Urdu: ایٹا, Hindi: एटा) is a town which is also the district headquarters of Etah district of Uttar Pradesh state, India.
Etah is located at 27°38′N 78°40′E / 27.63°N 78.67°E / 27.63; 78.67. It has an average elevation of 170 metres (557 feet).
Etah's nearest district and surrounded by Aligarh, Farrukhabad, Mainpuri, Firozabad, Mahamaya Nagar, Kashiram nagar.
Previously Kashiram nagar was a part of district ETAH. Kashiram nagar was established on 15 April 2008 by separating Kasganj, Patiali and Sahawar tehsils from district Etah. The district is named after a politician, Kanshi Ram. The decision taken by Mayawati, chief minister of Uttar Pradesh and president of the BSP provoked protests by lawyers who had proposed to call it in honor of Sant Tulsidas, who was born here.
The primary occupation of the people of the district is agriculture. The area is situated between Ganga and Yamuna (Doaab) which is highly fertile land (Alluvial soil). The farmers are taking even three crops in a year. The water for irrigation is available round the year.
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Etah district
Etah district (Urdu: ایٹا ضلع, Hindi: एटा ज़िला) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Etah town is the district headquarters. Etah district is a part of Aligarh Division. It is dominated by Yadavs and Rajputs.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Etah one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
According to the 2011 census Etah district has a population of 1,761,152, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gives it a ranking of 272nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 717 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,860 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.77 %. Etah has a sex ratio of 863 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.27 %.
Coordinates: 27°30′N 78°45′E / 27.5°N 78.75°E / 27.5; 78.75
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Etawah
Etawah (Hindi: इटावा) is a city on the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Etawah District. The city was an important center for the Revolt of 1857 (Allan Octavian Hume, the founder of Indian National Congress was district collector then). Also is the place of sangam or confluence between Yamuna and Chambal. It is also the site of the remains of the Great Hedge of India. Population of Etawah in 2001 census was 141,460.
Etawah was a town and district of British India, in the Agra division of the United Provinces. The town is situated on the left bank of the Yamuna, and has a station on the Indian Railway (Northern Zone), 386 km from Allahabad. Deep fissures intersect the various quarters of the town, over which broad roads connect the higher portions by bridges and embankments. Considerable trade is carried on by rail, National Highway 2 (Earlier Grand Trunk Road) and river.
The district of Etawah lies in the southwestern portion of Uttar Pradesh 26° 47" north latitude and 72° 20" east longitude and forms a part of the Kanpur Division. In shape it is a parallelogram with a length from north to south 70 km. and East to west 66 km. on one side and 24 km. on the other side. It is bounded on the north by the districts of Farrukhabad and Mainpuri, while the small extent of western border adjoins tahsil Bah of the Agra district. The eastern frontier marches with the district of Auraiya, and along the south lie Jalaun and the district of Gwalior, the division line being, except for a short distance, the Chambal and Yamuna rivers. The total area in 1999 is calculated to be 2434 km.
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Etawah district
Etawah district (Hindi: इटावा जिला) is a district in the southwestern portion of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Etawah town is the district headquarters. Etawah district is part of Kanpur Division. The district covers an area of 2311 km². It has a population of 1.338.871 (2001 Census).
According to the 2011 census Etawah district has a population of 1,575,247, roughly equal to the nation of Gabon or the US state of Idaho. This gives it a ranking of 316th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 157 inhabitants per square kilometre (410 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.91 %. Etawah has a sex ratio of 970 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.14 %.
Coordinates: 26°47′24″N 79°01′12″E / 26.79°N 79.02°E / 26.79; 79.02
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Etmadpur
Etmadpur is a town (tehsil) in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It's located at a distance of 19 km from Agra towards the east of the city of Agra. It is 274 km far from state capital Lucknow.
As of 2001[update] India census, Etmadpur had a population of 19,412. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Etmadpur has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 45%. In Etmadpur, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
It is a small town located on national highway 2 connecting Delhi to Kolkata. The town is believed to be named after Mirza Ghiyas Beg the I'timād-ud-Daulah, a Mughal official, father of Nur Jahan and grandfather of Mumtaz Mahal.
There is one main market, a police station, a couple of banks such as State Bank of India, Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, schools, a post office and one government run hospital.
Some of the prominent schools are the following:
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Faizabad
City of Faizabad (Hindi: फ़ैज़ाबाद, Urdu: فیض آباد, Old British Colonial: Fyzabad), the old capital of Awadh, is the headquarters of Faizabad District and Faizabad division as well. Its a joint municipal board with Ayodhya in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, situated on the banks of river Ghaghra (locally known as Saryu). It was the first capital of the Nawabs of Awadh and has monuments built by the Nawabs of Avadh, like the Tomb of Bahu Begum, Gulab Bari etc. The Legend of Avadh, Umrao Jaan 'Ada', was born in Faizabad (her childhood name was Ameeran). Another legend and Hindi writer Mr. Radhika Prasad Tripathi was from this city. Akhtaribai Faizabadi, also known as Begum Akhtar, was born in Faizabad. She was a classical singer who performed ghazals, dadras, thumris, etc. Among other notable people from Faizabad are Mir Babar Ali Anis, a nineteenth century writer of Marsiya (elegies in Urdu) and Brij Narayan Chakbast, another nineteenth-century Urdu poet. Chakbast is credited to have translated the Ramayana into Urdu for the first time.
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Faizabad district
See also: Faizabad (disambiguation)
Faizabad district (Hindi: फैजाबाद जिला) is one of the 71 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Faizabad city is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district occupies an area of 2,764 km². The district had a population of 2,468,371 at the 2011 Census.
According to the 2011 census Faizabad district has a population of 2,468,371, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 178th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,054 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,730 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.16 %. Faizabad has a sex ratio of 961 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.63 %.
In 1975, the Avadh University was established in Faizabad city, which was later renamed as Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University.
Faizabad has had a very very rich cultural and political history. The earlier name of it was Saket before the mughal empire. During the Mughal rule it was called Bangla
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Faizabad division
See also: Faizabad (disambiguation)
Faizabad division is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state in India. Faizabad is the administrative headquarters of the division. The division consists of districts of :
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Faridabad
Faridabad (Hindi: फरीदाबाद) is a city in the south-east of Haryana state in northern India, in Faridabad district. It lies at 28°25′16″N Latitude and 77°18′28″E Longitude. The district shares its boundaries with the National Capital and Union Territory of Delhi to its north, Gurgaon district to the west and Uttar Pradesh to its east and south. Faridabad enjoys a prime location both geographically and politically.It contains a big number of workers and peoples. The river Yamuna separates the District Boundary on eastern side with Uttar Pradesh. Delhi-Agra National Highway No.2 (Shershah Suri Marg) passes through the centre of the district. The city has many railway stations on the Delhi-Mathura double track broad-gauge line of the North Central Railway. The railway stations of Old Faridabad and New Industrial Township (NIT) are the major ones.
Faridabad is the largest city and one of the major industrial hubs of Haryana. It generates 60% of the revenue of the state. 50% of the income tax collected in Haryana is from Faridabad and Gurgaon. Faridabad is famous for heena production from the agricultural sector while tractors, motorcycles, switch gears, refrigerators, shoes and tyres are the famous industrial products of the city.
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Farrukhabad
Farrukhābād (Hindi: फ़र्रुख़ाबाद, Urdu: فرّخ آباد), is one of the important cities of Central Doab Region in the State of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The city was founded in 1717 by Mohammed Bangash who named it after the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. Farrukhabad is situated on the bank of sacred river Ganges.
Farrukhabad is situated between Lat. 26° 46' N & 27° 43' N and Long. 79° 7' E & 80° 2' E. The district is bounded by Badaun and Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi District on the east, Kannauj District on the south, and Etah and Mainpuri districts on the west. The Ganges River and Ramganga River are located to the east and the Kali River to the south.
The district formerly included present day Kannauj District; it was divided into two districts on September 18, 1997. The district consists of three tehsils, Farrukhabad, Kaimganj and Amritpur. Amritpur tehsil was created from Rajepur Block after the district was split in 1997.
As of 2011[update] India census, Farrukhabad had a population of 275,754 along with Fatehgarh. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Farrukhabad has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 58%. In Farrukhabad-cum-Fatehgarh, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sex ratio of Farrukhabad is 874 per 1000 male.
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Farrukhabad district
Farrukhabad district (Hindi: फ़र्रुख़ाबाद ज़िला, Urdu: فرّخ آباد ضلع Farrukhābād Zilā) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Fatehgarh is the district headquarters. The district is part of Kanpur Division.
Farrukhabad is situated between Lat. 26° 46' N & 27° 43' N and Long. 79° 7' E & 80° 2' E. The district is bounded by Badaun and Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi District on the east, Kannauj District on the south, and Etah and Mainpuri districts on the west. The Ganges River and Ramganga River are located to the east and the Kali River to the south.
The district formerly included present day Kannauj District; it was divided into two districts on September 18, 1997. The district consists of three tehsils, Farrukhabad, Kaimganj and Amritpur. Amritpur tehsil was created from Rajepur Block after the district was split in 1997.
The district lies on a plain, varied only by a few gentle undulations and slopes, some times abrupt, which lead down to the river valleys. The highest recorded elevation is 167 m above sea level at Mohammadabad and the lowest 145.69 m at Mau Rasulpur in the Trans Ganges flats of Tehsil Farrukhabad. The only marked variation of level is between the two divisions, the upland or bangar, which is a continuation of the doab and the low lands or Tarais, cut away from the upland by the erosive action of the rivers.
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Fatehabad district
Fatehabad (Punjabi: ਫ਼ਤੇਹਾਬਾਦ ਜ਼ਿਲਾ, Hindi: फ़तेहाबाद ज़िला Fatehābād Zilā) is one of the twenty one districts of Haryana state, India.
The district derives its name from the headquarters town Fatehabad. The town was founded by Firoz Shah Tughlak in the 14th century. He named it after his son Fateh Khan, as Fatehabad. The Fatehabad district was carved out of Hisar district on 15-07-1997.
Aryans at first on the banks of the rivers -the Saraswati and the Drishadvati, and in the course of their expansion covered a wider area of Hissar and Fatehabad. The area was probably included in the kingdom of Pandavas and their successors. Panini mentions quite a few towns of the region-Aisukari, Taushayana (Tohana) and Rori which have been identified with Hissar, Tohana and Rori, respectively. According to Puranas, the areas of Fatehabad district remained a part of Nanda empire. The discovery of Ashokan pillars at Hissar and Fatehabad shows that the area of the district remained a part of Mauryan empire. The people of Agroha area assisted Chandra Gupta Maurya in the war against Greeks.Fatehabad area is a very smart area.
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Fatehpur Sikri
'Fatehpur Sikri' (Hindi: फ़तेहपुर सीकरी, Urdu: فتحپور سیکری) is a city and a municipal board in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Built near the much older Sikri, the historical city of Bharat, as it was first named Sikrigarh, was constructed by Sikriwal Rajput Rajas Last Emperor Maharana Sangram Singh beginning in 1500. At Seventh attack of Akbar Sikriwal Rajput left Palace after that Sikrigarh was named Fateh(victory)pur Sikri.There was a temple of Sikriwal Rajputs Kuldevi(Named Chamad Devi)In front of Lal Darwaja of Sikrigarh(at present Fatehpur Sikri).After victory on sikrigarh Akber served as the capital from 1571 to 1585. He was named Salim to honour the saint and would later rule the empire as Emperor Jahangir. Here after the second birthday of Jahangir in 1571, Akbar then 28 years old, decided to shift his capital from Agra to the Sikri ridge, to honor Salim Chishti, and commenced the construction of a planned walled city which took the next fifteen years in planning and construction of a series royal palaces, harem, courts, a mosque, private quarters and other utility buildings. He named the city, Fatehabad, with Fateh, a word of Arabic origin in Persian, meaning "victory", it was later called Fatehpur Sikri. It is at Fatehpur Sikri that the legends of Akbar and his famed courtiers, the nine jewels or Navaratnas, were born . One of them, musician and singer Tansen is said to have performed on an island in the middle of the pool Anup Talao. Built during the 16th century, the Fatehpur Sikri is one of the best preserved collection of Mughal architecture in India.
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Firozabad
Firozabad (Hindi: फ़ीरोज़ाबाद, Urdu: فیروزآباد) is a city in India, in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
The ancient name of this town was Chandwar nagar; it is said that once in reign of Akbar the great, revenue was being brought through the city. it was looted by the people who lived here. Akbar when came across it sent his army comprising a unch named "firoz" to make the city a cantonment to improve thieves who lived here. The tomb of this firoz is still present near bus stand, today also. From the earliest it was famous for glass and bangle works, and its related small scale industry is famous throughout the world. Due to underdeveloped industry, literacy rates are very low. The city suffers[clarification needed] from child labour, low literacy, and pollution.
Firozabad is located in north central India, in western Uttar Pradesh state, 40 km from Agra and around 240 km away from Delhi, at the northern edge of the Deccan Plateau, at 27°09′N 78°24′E / 27.15°N 78.4°E / 27.15; 78.4. The height above sea level is 164 meters (540 ft). \
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Garhwa
Garhwa is a city and a municipality in, and headquarters of, Garhwa district in the state of Jharkhand, India.
Garhwa is located at 24°11′N 83°49′E / 24.18°N 83.82°E / 24.18; 83.82. It has an average elevation of 197 m (646 ft).
Nearest railway station is Garhwa Town, Indian Railway Code for Garhwa town is GHQ. Another nearby railway station (around 10 km away) is Garwa Road, Indian Railway Code for Garhwa road is GHD .
As of 2001[update] India census, Garhwa had a population of 36,708. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Garhwa has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 51%. In Garhwa, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Gaya district
Gaya is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. It was officially established on 3rd October 1865. The district is having a common boundary with Jharkhand state in the south. Gaya city is its largest city and the district headquarters.
Gaya finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. Rama along with Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering PIND-DAAN to their father Dasharath. In Mahabharata, the place has been identified as Gayapuri. About the origin of the name ‘Gaya' as referred to in Vayu Purana is that Gaya was the name of a demon (Asura) whose body was pious after he performed rigid penance and secured blessings from Vishnu. It was said that the Gayasura's body would continue to be known as Gaya Kshetra.
Gaya has experienced the rise and fall of many dynasties in the Magadh Region. From the 6th century BC to the 18th century AD, about 2300–2400 years, Gaya has been occupying an important place in the cultural history of the region. It opened up with the Sisunaga dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. Bimbisara, fifth in line, who lived and ruled around 519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in the history of civilisation, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of Nanda dynasty, Gaya and the entire Magadha region came under the Mauryan rule with Ashoka (272 BC – 232 BC) embracing Buddhism. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment.
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Ghazipur
Ghazipur (Hindi: ग़ाज़ीपुर, Urdu: غازیپور), or Ghazipur City, previously spelt Ghazeepore, is a city/town and a municipal corporation and headquarter of Ghazipur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghazipur Division and Sub-division. Back to the past, it was a place of administration under Guptas dynasty too than earlier as described in Hindu Mythology, as kingdom of King Vishwamitra, who later changed into saint and popularly known as Maharshi Vishwamitra. Vishwamitra was the son of Gaadhi.
Ghazipur is well known for its opium factory, which is the biggest authorized opium factory in the globe, established by British East India Company in 1820. It is house to handloom weaving and a perfume trade. The town is an significant farming market. Lord Cornwallis, governor-general of British India, died in Ghazipur-UP and is buried there. The town is nearest to the UP-Bihar border. The home tongue at the place is Bhojpuri. Ghazipur UP borders the important spiritual city of Varanasi and is located about 80 km East of Varanasi UP and 40 KM from Buxar which is the entry point of Bihar State.
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Ghazipur district
Ghazipur District (Hindi: ग़ाज़ीपुर ज़िला, Urdu: غازیپور ضلع Ghāzīpur Zilā) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Ghazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Varanasi Division. The region of Ghazipur is mainly famous for production of its unique Rose scented Spray called gulab jal and for the tomb of famous Viceroy of British India Lord Cornwallis. Lord Cornwallis died here and his tomb which is situated in Western par of City is conserved by Archeological Survey of India.
According to the 2011 census Ghazipur district has a population of 3,622,727, roughly equal to the nation of Lithuania or the US state of Oklahoma. This gives it a ranking of 79th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,072 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,780 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.26 %. Ghazipur has a sex ratio of 951 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 74.27 %.
Vernaculars spoken in Ghazipur include Bhojpuri, a language in the Bihari language group with almost 40 000 000 speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.
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Giridih
Giridih (Hindi: गिरिडीह, Bengali: গিরিডি) is headquarters of the Giridih district of Jharkhand state, India. The literal meaning of Giridih is the land of hills & hillocks - giri, a Hindi word, means hills and dih, another word of the local dialect, indicates upland. Before 1972 Giridih was part of Hazaribagh district.
Giridih is a centre of the prestigious Indian Statistical Institute (ISI). Giridih is also one of the six Data Processing Centres of Data Processing Division (DPD) of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO).
Giridih became the headquarter of the Giridih district when the new district was created on 6th December, 1972 by carving some parts of Hazaribagh district.
Giridih is located at 24°11′N 86°18′E / 24.18°N 86.3°E / 24.18; 86.3. It has an average elevation of 289 metres (948 ft). Śrī Sammeta Shikharji also known as the Parasnath Hills, located in Giridih is the highest mountain peak in Jharkhand. It is a conical granite peak located 4,477 feet (1,365 metres) above the sea level.
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Godda
Godda is a city and a municipality in Godda district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The district has an area of 2110 km². The district headquarter is Godda.
Godda is located at 24°50′N 87°13′E / 24.83°N 87.22°E / 24.83; 87.22. It has an average elevation of 77 metres (252 feet). Godda came into existence as the 55th district of undivided Bihar on May 25, 1983. After the bifurcation of Bihar into Jharkhand state on November 15, 2000, it was one of 18 districts of Jharkhand.
As of 2001[update] India census, Godda had a population of 37,007. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Godda has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 63%. In Godda, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The parliamentary constituency is Godda. The assembly constituencies are Madhupur, Jarmundi, Poraiyahat, Godda, Dhoraiya (SC) and Chakai. Godda was in Dumka Parliamentary constituency in 1957.
Godda was a part of undivided Santhal Pargana district until 1981 Census. Later the old Godda sub-division of Santhal Pargana was separated and formed as a new district. As a consequence of the Santhal rebellion of 1845-55 the district of Santhal Paragna was created from portions of Bhagalpur and Birbhum. Godda district at present comprises eight Blocks viz. Meherma, Mahagama, Boarijor, Pathargama, Godda, Sundurpahari, Poraiyahat and Thakur Gangati. Godda is the only town in the district. There are 2311 villages in the district.
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Gonda district
Gonda (Hindi: :गोंडा जिला) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Gonda is the district headquarters, and also the administrative centre for the Devipatan Division.
With an area of 4,448 square kilometres (1,717 sq mi), Gonda is bound by Shrawasti district to the north, Balrampur and Siddharthnagar districts to the northeast, Basti district to the east, Faizabad district to the south, Bara Banki district to the southwest, and Bahraich district to the northwest.
The territory covered by the present district of Gonda formed part of the ancient Kosala Kingdom. After the death of Rama, the celebrated sovereign of the Solar line who ruled Kosala, the kingdom was divided into two portions defined by the Ghaghara river. The northern portion was then ruled by his son, Lava with the city of Sravasti as his capital. Sravasti was prosperous and progressive during Buddhas time, and he made twenty one visits to the city during his Mahaparinirvana.[citation needed]
More recently, ancient Buddhist remains dating to the early days of Buddhism have been found throughout the region, including at Sravasti.
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Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur (Hindi: गोरखपुर, Urdu: گورکھپور) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, near the border with Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. The city is also home to many historic Buddhist sites, Imambara, an 18th century dargah, and the Gita Press, a publisher of Hindu religious texts.
The city and district of Gorakhpur are named after a renowned ascetic saint, Gorakshanath, the chief disciple of the yogi Matsyendranath. Together, Matsyendranath and Gorakshanath founded the Nath Sampradaya line of saints. Gorakhnath Temple is said to stand on the spot where Gorakshanath practiced Hatha Yoga to develop self-control.
The district of Gorakhpur lies between Lat. 26°13′N and 27°29′N and Long. 83°05′E and 83°56′E. The district occupies the north-eastern corner of the state along with the district of Deoria, and comprises a large stretch of country lying to the north of the river Rapti, the deep stream of which forms its southern boundary with the Azamgarh district. On the west, the boundary marches along Basti and on the east adjoins Deoria and the Chhoti Gandak Nadi and further south the Jharna Nala forms the dividing line. To the north lies Nepal.Gorakhpur has also a lake Ramgartal.It's vast and provides home to various types of fishes.
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Gumla
Gumla (Hindi: गुमला) is a town which is also headquarters of Gumla district of Jharkhand state, India.
Long ago Gumla was a small hamlet. Fair ‘Gau-Mela‘ took place once in a year and continued for one week. Here all items of daily use, utensils, ornaments, grains, cattle etc. were sold & exchanged. Since there was no other alternative to get the items, people make a long list of items required during the year and buy them in this mela. People from distant places used to come here for buying & selling cattle such as cows & bullocks for agricultural purposes. Gradually people started to inhabit this place. It grew into a village and got the name Gumla as a derivative of Gau–Mela.
During the British rule there was a revolt against the British Rule in 1800 AD. Hardly seven years later in 1807, the Oraons in Barway murdered their big landlord of Srinagar west of Gumla. Soon the uprisings spread around Gumla.During British rule Gumla was under Lohardaga district. In 1843 it was brought under Bishunpur province that was further named Ranchi. In fact Ranchi district came into existence in 1899. In 1902 Gumla became Sub-division under Ranchi district.
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Guna District
Guna district (Hindi: गुना जिला) is one of the 50 districts of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Its administrative headquarters is Guna. The district has a population of 12,40,938 (2011 census). It has an area of 6485 km², and is bounded on the northeast by Shivpuri District, on the east by Ashoknagar District, on the southeast by Vidisha District, on the southwest by Rajgarh District, on the west and northwest by Jhalawar and Baran districts of Rajasthan state. The Sindh River flows northward along the eastern edge of the district, forming part of the boundary with Ashoknagar District, and the Parbati River flows northwestward through the southern portion of the district, forming part of the boundary with Baran District before flowing into Rajasthan.
On August 15, 2003 Guna District was split in two, with the eastern portion becoming Ashoknagar District.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Guna one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
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Gurgaon
Gurgaon pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: गुड़गांव) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Haryana. Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana. It is located 30 km south of national capital New Delhi, about 10 kilometers from Dwarka Sub City and 268 km south of Chandigarh, the state capital. Gurgaon is one of Delhi's four major satellite cities and is part of the National Capital Region (India). Gurgaon is within commuting distance of Delhi via an expressway and Delhi Metro.
Gurgaon has the 3rd highest per capita income in India after Chandigarh and Mumbai. . Gurgaon is also the only Indian city to have successfully distributed electricity connections to all its households. However, because of its heavy vehicular traffic and inefficient public transportation apart from the Delhi Metro, Gurgaon ranks 11th amongst Indian cities on the "Life after Work" index of Business Today.
Over the past 25 years the city has undergone rapid development and construction. A wave of multinational companies choose to locate their operations in Gurgaon after GE did so in 1997. The presence of large domestic and international firms such as SAP, PwC, Airtel, American Airlines, American Express, Aricent, Bain & Company, Bank of America, The Coca-Cola Company, DLF Limited, Ericsson, EXL, Fluor Corporation, Hero Honda, IBM, Indigo Airlines, KPMG, Maruti Suzuki, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia, Oracle, Sapient, Tata Consultancy Services, ThoughtWorks and ZS Associates have made Gurgaon an important financial center of India, as well as one of India's major outsourcing hubs.
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Guwahati
Guwahati (Assamese: গুৱাহাটী Guwāhāti (help·info)), and formerly known as Pragjyotishpura (Sanskrit:प्राग्ज्योतिषपुर) and Durjoya (Sanskrit:दुर्जय) in ancient Assam, and Gauhati in the modern era, is an ancient urban area, the largest city of Assam, the largest metropolitan area in north-eastern India and one of the fastest developing cities in India. It is said to be the "Gateway" of the North East Region. Dispur, the capital of the Indian state of Assam is located within the city and is the seat of the Government of Assam. Guwahati, formerly Prāgjyotishpura meaning City of Eastern Light, other view is Prāg meaning eastern and jyotish meaning astrology and Durjaya meaning impregnable were the capital's of ancient state of Kamarupa under Varman's and Pala's respectively. Many ancient Hindu temples are located within the city, Kamakhya Temple, Umananda Temple, Navagraha Temple, Sukreswar Temple, Basistha Temple, Lankeshwar Temple, Doul Govinda Temple, Dirgheshwari temple, Ugro Tara Temple, Rudreswar Temple, etc., are but a few; thus, the city is also known as the "The City of Temples."
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Gwalior
Gwalior (Hindi/Marathi: ग्वालियर pronunciation (help·info)) ग्वाल्हेर is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India, lying 122 kilometres (76 mi) south of Agra, and 423 kilometres (263 mi) north of Bhopal, the state capital. Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India, and the city and its fortress have served as the center of several of historic northern Indian kingdoms. Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division.
It is famous for Gwalior Fort, which has changed hands many times. From the Tomaras in the 8th century it passed on to the Mughals, then the Marathas under the Scindias (1754), followed briefly by Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope and the British.
The city has several important educational institutions including the Atal Bihari Vajpayee - Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Scindia School, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Laxmibai National Institute of Physical Education. Gwalior has five government universities: Jiwaji University, Maharaja Maan Singh Tomar music and arts university, Rajmata Vijyarahe Scindia agriculture university, Laxmibai National University of Physical Education and ABV-IIITM are government universities. Few Private institutions are also well known in this region like Aditya College, ITM University, Amity University etc.
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Hanumangarh
Hanumangarh (Rajasthani: हणमानगढ,Hindi: हनुमानगढ़) is a city in northern Rajasthan state in western India, situated on the banks of the river Ghaggar, located about 400 km from Delhi. It is the administrative seat of Hanumangarh District. The city was once called Bhatner (alternatively spelled Bhatnair) because it was a stronghold of Bhati Rajputs.
Hanumangarh was the kingdom of Bhati Rajputs and hence its earlier name was Bhatner. Later it was named Shardulgarh, when Raja Shardul Singh won it. Since it was won on Tuesday, which is the ominous day for Hindu God Hanuman, it was rechristened as 'Hanumangarh' - the Fort of Hanuman the Monkey-god A 900-year-old Bhatner fort is situated in the middle of Hanumangarh Town, the description of which can be found in Aaine-Akbari. A famous Bhadrakali temple is situated near the town on the banks of Ghaggar river.[citation needed]
The area around Hanumangarh appears to be quite old. It has yielded a number of terracotta decorative tiles in the late Kushana Empire style along with a number of coins. Two terracotta capitals at the depth of 15' from the top of the mound with stepped pyramids along their edges have been discovered.
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Harda
Harda is a town and a municipality in Harda district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Harda is the administrative headquarters of Harda District. During the 'Mughal' rule a prosperous village Handiya was situated west of Harda. The British tried to bring a progressive frame work to Harda during its rule. Harda was formed by combining Kul Harda and Mehmudabad Villages. After the railway lines were laid the conditions improved, and the area developed. In 1857 British officers worked here as judges and administrative Officers. Harda was one of the largest places in the old 'Madhya Prant' and includes area of 'Siwni Malwa.' The Harda language and culture is influenced by 'Malwa' and 'Nimad'. The main language used in Harda is known as Bhuani, and the region is known as the Bhuana area. Bhuana stands for the more fertilized land. In the southern hill regions of Harda we can find the Tribal, 'Gond' and 'Korku' people. The south region of Harda was under 'Makdae' rule and the 'Gond' king was the ruler. The 'Bihola' village of harda was the developed 'Rajaswa' center in the Mughal empire. The area which was called as 'Gondwana' became non-tribal during the British rule, as the workers, administration officials, farmers and business community was in touch with the states like Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat for a 150 years the area got influenced by the culture of these states. On 18 May 1867 British established the 'Nagar Palika' in Harda and from 1920 the work was done as per the republic manner. The under ground drainage in Harda is best example of the British architect. For administration purposes Tahsil Harda was established in the year 1913. In the struggle for the freedom of India, Harda freedom fighters were in the first row. In 1916 Lokamanya Tilak visited Harda which had given more power to congress in Harda. On 08-12-1933 Mahatma Gandhi visited Harda for the Harijan welfare. Bapuji traveled Harda for 4 hours. Bapuji admired the work of officials and volunteers of Harda. One of the youngest freedom movement participant from central India Guru Radha Kishan was born in 1925 in BID village of Harda district. He was widely respected for his integrity, honesty, transparency and selflessness. Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Prakash Chandra Sethi once requested him to accept the Freedom Fighter pension which he refused. He did not want to accept any favour for his participation in the freedom struggle of India. On 15 Aug 1947 S.D.O Shri Beretha hosted the Indian flag on the police station of Harda.
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Hardoi
Hardoi (Hindi: हरदोई, Urdu: ہردوئی) is a city and a municipal board in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Hardoi District.
Hardoi is located at 27°25′N 80°07′E / 27.42°N 80.12°E / 27.42; 80.12. It has an average elevation of 134 metres (439 feet).Hardoi district is contiguous of Shahjahanpur and Lakhimpur Kheri districts on the north, Lucknow and Unnao districts on the south, Kanpur and Farrukhabad districts on the west and Sitapur district on the east. Hardoi is located at 110 km from Lucknow (capital of Uttar Pradesh) and 394 from New Delhi (capital of India). The Ganges and several of its tributaries are crossing the south of Hardoi district. Its area is 5947 km². The record height is 500 ft. In 1995, Hardoi district had 5 km² of dense forest and 13 km² of open forest.
The great temple of God Shiva called as 'Baba Sunasirnath' is one of most alluring and venerated place in Mallawan region, people not only from Hardoi but even from other districts come to visit this heavenly place. According to people, some British officers tried to demolish this temple along with the 'shivalinga' but as soon as they hit the shivalinga, large no of snakes, bees and other poisonous creatures attacked them. All the Britishers fled away from that place and could never forget the horrific experiences of Sunasirnath temple.
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Hardoi district
Hardoi disctrict (Hindi: हरदोइ ज़िला, Urdu: ہردوئی ضلع) is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India, and Hardoi town is the district headquarters. Hardoi district is a part of Lucknow division.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Hardoi one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Hardoi district has 5 tehsils, Hardoi, Shahabad, Sawayajpur, Bilgram and Sandila. These tehsils consist of 19 blocks, 191 Nyay panchayat, 1101 gram sabha and 1983 revenue villages (1883 of them are inhabited). The district has seven nagar palika parishads (municipal boards) and six nagar panchayats.
This district is a district of the Lucknow Commissionary in Uttar Pradesh Province of India, it is situated in between 26-53 to 27-46 north latitude and 79-41 to 80-46 east longitude. Its north border touches Shahjahanpur district and Lakhimpur Kheri district. Lucknow (Capital of U.P.) and Unnao are situated at the southern border. The western border touches Kanpur (Industrial City of U.P.) and Farrukhabad district and on the eastern border the Gomati River separates the district from the Sitapur district. 'Nemisharayan, the Pilgrim of Dwapar age' is just 45 km away from district headquarter. The length of this district from northwest to southeast is 125.529 km and width from east to west is 74.83 km., the area 5947 km2.
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Haridwar
Haridwar pronunciation (help·info) (also spelled Hardwar, Hindi: हरिद्वार) is an important pilgrimage city and municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. The River Ganges, after flowing for 253 kilometres (157 mi) from its source at Gaumukh at the edge of the Gangotri Glacier, enters the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India for the first time at Haridwar, which gave the city its ancient name, Gangadwára.
Haridwar is regarded as one of the seven holiest places to Hindus. According to the Samudra manthan, Haridwar along with Ujjain, Nasik and Allahabad is one of four sites where drops of Amrit, the elixir of immortality, accidentally spilled over from the pitcher while being carried by the celestial bird Garuda. This is manifested in the Kumbha Mela being celebrated every 3 years in one of the 4 places, and thus every 12 years in Haridwar. Amidst the Kumbha Mela, millions of pilgrims, devotees, and tourists congregate in Haridwar to perform ritualistic bathing on the banks of the river Ganges to wash away their sins to attain Moksha. Brahma Kund, the spot where the Amrit fell, is located at Har ki Pauri (literally, "footsteps of the Lord") and is considered to be the most sacred ghat of Haridwar.
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Haryana
Haryana /ˌhɑriˈɑːnə/ is a state in India. Constituted in 1966, it is one of two newly created states carved out of the greater Punjab province as a means of creating a stronger national identity. It has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab.
Sites in Haryana were part of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in the Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna), and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of foodgrain and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for the residents of the state, the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.
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Hathras
Hathras (Hindi हाथरस, Urdu ہاتھرس) is a city and a municipal board in Mahamaya Nagar district (formerly Hathras district) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of the district that was created on 3 May 1997 by incorporating parts of Aligarh, Mathura and Agra districts. It forms a part of Aligarh Division. Hathras district was recently[when?] renamed Mahamaya Nagar.
Hathras lies within the Braj region in Central or Middle Doab, associated with the epic Mahabharata and Hindu theology. The principal spoken language is Hindi. Its dialect Braj Bhasha which is closely related to Khariboli is spoken in this region.
Hathras is located at 27°36′N 78°03′E / 27.6°N 78.05°E / 27.6; 78.05. It has an average elevation of 178 metres (584 feet). It is situated on Agra - Aligarh and Mathura- Bareilly Highways crossing. Temperature Variations are extreme Temperature Variations
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Hazaribagh
Hazaribagh (Hindi: हज़ारीबाग़) is a city and a municipality in Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is the divisional headquarters of North Chotanagpur division. It is famous as a health resort and for Hazaribagh National Park (17 km from city).
Etymologially, the word 'Hazaribagh' is made of two Persian words. Hazar means one thousand (1,000) and Bagh means garden (as is found in the name of Iraq's capital "Baghdad"). Hence the literal meaning of Hazaribagh is 'city of a thousand gardens'. According to Sir John Houlton the town takes its name from the small villages of Okni and Hazari – shown in old maps as Ocunhazry. The last syllable in its name probably originated in a mango-grove, which formed a camping ground for troops and travellers marching along the ‘new military road’ from Kolkata to Varanasi, constructed in 1782 and the following years. The Grand Trunk Road subsequently replaced this military road in the mid-eight hundreds, but the lay out differed at places, particularly around Hazaribagh. A dilapidated watch tower meant to guard the military road is still visible on Tower Hill, near Silwar.
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Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh /hɨˈmɑːtʃəl prəˈdɛʃ/ (Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश [ɦɪmaːtʃəl prəd̪eːʃ] ( listen)) is a state in Northern India. It is spread over 21,495 sq mi (55,670 km2), and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east.
Himachal Pradesh is known to be abundant in natural beauty After the Anglo Gorkha War, the British colonial government came into power. In 1950 Himachal was declared as a union territory but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Himachal has many prestigious boarding schools. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is In the lap of Himalayas. It was named by one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh, Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma. Its name means "Abode of Snow".[citation needed]
The Economy of the Himachal Pradesh is currently the third fastest growing economy in India. Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. Due to the abundance of perennial rivers, Himachal also sells hydro electricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab and Rajasthan. The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism and agriculture.
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Hindustan
Hindustan (Hindi: हिन्दुस्तान, Urdu: ہندوستان, both Hindustān [ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn]) or Indostan, literally "land of Indians" or "land of the Indus", is a popular name for the Indian subcontinent. Delhi and Agra have been the traditional capitals of Hindustan. Though the meaning of Hindustan has evolved over the years, since the partition of India it primarily refers to the Republic of India.
Hindustan is conventionally believed to be derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, which in turn is derived from Sindhu, the Sanskrit name for the Indus River. Old Persian refers to the people living beyond the Indus as Hinduš. This combined with the Avestan suffix -stān (cognate to Sanskrit "sthān", both meaning "place") results in Hindustan, as the land on the other side (from Persia) of the Indus. The term came into common use under the rule of the Mughals who referred to their dominion, centred on Delhi, as 'Hindustan'. A similar term, Indostan, was in common use during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to denote the countries of South Asia. Today "Indostan" is regarded as an archaism.
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Hoshangabad
Hoshangabad (Hindi: होशंगाबाद) is a city and a municipality in Hoshangabad district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a city in the central India region, on the south bank of the Narmada River, and is the administrative center of Hoshangabad District.
The city was earlier called Narmadapur after the Narmada River. Later the name was changed to Hoshangabad. The city is famous for the beautiful Sethani ghat along the banks of the Narmada river. There are colourful celebrations in the city on Narmada Jayanti. During celebrations this year the CM announced the efforts to rename the town. A Satsang Bhavan on the ghat has regular visits by Hindu saints who hold regular religious discourses on Ramcharitmanas and Geeta.
Hoshangabad is located at 22°45′N 77°43′E / 22.75°N 77.72°E / 22.75; 77.72. It has an average elevation of 278 metres (912 feet).
Hoshangabad is well connected by road and rail from the state capital, Bhopal and it is about 70 km away from it. It is connected by rail with all major cities of the state. One of its tehsils, Itarsi is linked with all major cities of the country due to junction of main railway routes of the country. It is 18 km from the district head-quarter. From Itarsi, one can reach Pachmarhi via Pipariya, which is 64 km by train.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indore
Indore /ɪnˈdɔər/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the largest city and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the richest city in central India and also known as "Mini Mumbai" due to it's lifestyle similarities with Mumbai. It also reflects Mumbai's potpourri of cultures, with significant Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi populations.
Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.
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Jabalpur
Jabalpur (Hindi: जबलपुर) often called as Sanskaardhaani is one of the major cities of India situated in the Mahakaushal region of state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It is the biggest city in the state of Madhya Pradesh by area. It is the largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh and the 38th largest urban agglomeration in India as per the 2011 census statistics.
It is bordered by Katni to the north, Umaria to the north-east, Dindori to the east, Mandla to the south-east, Seoni to the south, Narsimhapur to the south-west and Damoh to the north-west. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district (the second most populous district of Madhya Pradesh) and Jabalpur division.
Geographically an important place, the ruling Gond dynasty of Jabalpur lent its name to the primordial continental mass Gondwana. Historically, a center of Kalchuri and Gond dynasties, Jabalpur developed a syncretic culture influenced by the intermittent reigns of the Maratha and Mughal empires. In the early nineteenth century, it was gradually annexed in British India as Jubbulpore and incorporated as a major cantonment town. Post-independence, there have been demands for a separate state of Mahakoshal with Jabalpur as its capital.
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Jagner
Jagner is a small town and a nagar panchayat in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Jagner is famous for stone and mustard oil extraction. The town of Jagner is spread out around a hill-fort which itself is located on a precipitous hill, 122 meters above ground level. The fort houses a popular pilgrim destination, the shrine of Gwal Baba, so named after the cow loving saint who lived in the cave centuries ago. Located at the tip of the southern leg of Agra district that juts into Rajasthan, it is about 57 km from Agra city itself. Direct buses ply from Agra to Jagner and can take anywhere between 1.5 to 2.5 hours. The name Jagner is derived from the name of king "Jagan Singh" who was a ruler in 13th century. The language of Jagner is similar to Brijbhasha.
As of 2001[update] India census, Jagner had a population of 9683. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jagner has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 40%. In Jagner, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Jaipur
Jaipur /ˈdʒaɪpʊər/ (Rajasthani: जैपर , Hindi: जयपुर Urdu: جئے پور [ˈdʒəjpʊɾ] ( listen)), also popularly known as the 'Pink City', is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, the city today has a population of 3.1 million.
Jaipur is one of the finest planned cities of India, located in the semi-desert lands of Rajasthan. The city which once had been the capital of the royalty now is the capital city of Rajasthan. The very structure of Jaipur resembles the taste of the Rajputs and the Royal families. At present, Jaipur is a major business centre with all requisites of a metropolitan city.
Some of the famous areas in Jaipur include Mansarovar, the largest housing colony in Asia, Sanganer, famous for handmade paper industry and Sanganeri hand block-printing, Bapu Nagar, Malviya Nagar and Vaishali Nagar.
The city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets 34 m (111 ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex, (Hawa Mahal), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. The observatory, Jantar Mantar, is one of the World Heritage Sites. Included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Agra, Jaipur is an extremely popular tourist destination in Rajasthan and India.
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Jaisalmer
Jaysalmar pronunciation (help·info) (Rajasthani: जैसलमेर), nicknamed "The Golden City", is a town in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 575 kilometres (357 mi) west from the state capital Jaipur. It was once known as Jaisalmer state. The town stands on a ridge of yellowish sandstone, crowned by a fort, which contains the palace and several ornate Jain temples. Many of the houses and temples are finely sculptured. It lies in the heart of the Thar Desert and has a population of about 78,000. It is the administrative headquarters of Jaisalmer District.
Jaisalmer is named after its founder Maharawal Jaisal Singh, a Rajput king in 1156 AD. "Jaisalmer" means "the Hill Fort of Jaisal". Jaisalmer is sometimes called the "Golden City of India" because the yellow sand and the yellow sandstone used in every architecture of the city gives a yellowish-golden tinge to the city and its surrounding area.
District JAISALMER is located within a rectangle lying between 26°.4’ –28°.23' North parallel and 69°.20'-72°.42' east meridians. It is the largest district of Rajasthan and one of the largest in the country. The breadth (East-West) of the district is 270 km and the length (North-South) is 186 km. On the present map, district Jaisalmer is bounded on the north by Bikaner, on the west & south-west by the Pakistani border, on the south by Barmer and Jodhpur, and on the east by Jodhpur and Bikaner Districts. The length of international border attached to District JAISALMER is 471 km.
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Jalaun
Jalaun is a city and a municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The town was formerly the residence of a Maratha governor, but never the headquarters of the district, which are at Orai.
In early times Jalaun seems to have been the home of two Rajput clans, the Bhadaurias in the east and the Kachwahas in the west. The village garghgawan was the estate of Bhadaurias clan, the historic monument(GADI)of this clan is still exist in this village.The town of Kalpi on the Yamuna was conquered by the armies of Muhammad of Ghor in 1196. Early in the 14th century the Bundelas occupied the greater part of Jalaun, and even succeeded in holding the fortified post of Kalpi. That important possession was soon recovered by the Delhi Sultanate, and passed under the way of the Mughal Empire. Akbar's governors at Kalpi maintained a nominal authority over the surrounding district, and the Bundela chiefs were in a state of chronic revolt, which culminated in the war of independence under Maharaja Chhatrasal. On the outbreak of his rebellion in 1671 he occupied a large province to the south of the Yamuna. Setting out from this base, and assisted by the Marathas, he conquered the whole of Bundelkhand. On his death in 1732 he bequeathed one-third of his dominions to his Maratha allies, who before long succeeded in annexing the whole of Bundelkhand. Under Maratha rule the country was a prey to constant anarchy and strife. To this period must be traced the origin of the poverty and desolation which are still conspicuous throughout the district. In 1806 Kalpi was made over to the British, and in 1840, on the death of Nana Gobind Ras, his possessions lapsed to them also. Various interchanges of territory took place, and in 1856 the boundaries of the British district were substantially settled, with an area of 1,477 square miles (3,830 km2).
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Jalaun district
Jalaun District (Hindi:जालौन) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India.
The district is named after town of Jalaun, which was the former headquarters of a Maratha governor, but the administrative headquarters of the district is at Orai. Other large towns in the district are Kalpi, Konch, and Madhogarh.
Jalaun District is a part of Jhansi Division. The district has an area of 4565 km², and a population of 1,455,859 (2001 census), with a population density of 319 persons per km².
The district lies entirely within the level plain of Bundelkhand, north of the hill country, and is almost surrounded by the Yamuna River, which forms the northern boundary of the district, and its tributaries the Betwa, which forms the southern boundary of the district, and the Pahuj, which forms the western boundary. The central region thus enclosed is a dead level of cultivated land, almost destitute of trees, and dotted with villages. The southern portion presents an almost unbroken sheet of cultivation. The Non River flows through the centre of the district, which it drains by innumerable small ravines.
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Jalore
Jalor, also known as Jalore (in Hindi जालोर), is a city in Rajasthan state of western India. It is the administrative headquarters of Jalor District.
Jalore lies to south of Sukri river, a tributary of Luni river and is about 140 km south of Jodhpur.
In ancient times Jalore was known as Jabalipura - named after a saint. The town was also known as Suvarngiri or Songir, the Golden Mount, on which the fort stands.
According to some historical sources, in 8th-9th centuries, one branch of the Gurjara Pratiharas was ruling at Jablipur (Jalore).
It was a flourishing town in the 8th century. Jalore was ruled by the Paramaras in the 10th century. Kirtipala, the youngest son of Alhana, ruler of Nadol, was the founder of the Jalore line of Chauhans. He captured it from the Parmars in 1181 and took the clan name Songara, after the place. His son Samarsimha succeeded him in 1182. Udayasimha was the next ruler under whom Jalore had a golden period. He was a powerful and able ruler ruling over a large area. He recaptured Nadol & Mandor from the Muslims. In 1228, Iltutmish circled Jalore but Udayasimha offered stiff resistance. He was succeeded by Chachigadeva & Samantasimha. Samantasimha was succeeded by his son Kanhadadeva.
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Jamshedpur
Jamshedpur /ˈdʒɑːmʃɛdpʊər/ (Hindi: जमशेदपुर, Bengali: জামশেদপুর, pronunciation (help·info)) is the largest urban conglomeration and most populous city in the state of Jharkhand, India . Jamshedpur is the first planned industrial city of India, founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. It is also known as Steel City, TataNagar or simply Tata.
Jamshedpur is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. It has a population of 2,337,131 (according to the 2011 census) and is the third Largest city in Eastern India after Kolkata and Patna. It ranks 36th among the 53 million-plus cities in India. It is located on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city.
Jamshedpur is a major industrial centre of East India. It houses companies like Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Lafarge Cement, Telcon, BOC Gases, Tata Technologies Limited, Praxair, TCE, TCS, Tinplate and many more. It is home to one of the largest industrial zones of India known as Adityapur which houses more than 1,200 small and medium scale industries.
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Jamtara
Jamtara is a city and a notified area in Jamtara district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jamtara is the district headquarters.
Jamtara is located at 23°57′N 86°48′E / 23.95°N 86.8°E / 23.95; 86.8. It has an average elevation of 155 metres (508 feet).
It is located 250 km from Ranchi, the state capital. It has an area of 1801 km². Distance from other major cities like from Howrah is 260 km and from Patna is 290 km.
It came into existence on 26 April 2001. The small district of Jharkhand state consists of only 4 blocks. It was created by carving out four blocks from DUMKA District.
Other towns in this district are Karmatar, Nala, Kundahit, Narayanpur and Fatehpur. The fast flowing Ajay River passes through the district and verdant forest areas cover the district. Unexplored and unspoiled natural beauty is the trademark of the district.
With pristine clear river waters, high cliffs and dense jungles, Jamtara is an adventure tourist's paradise. Beautiful waterfalls, sharp cliffs, rolling green hills and panoramic locations make Jamtara a rustic yet scenic vacation spot.
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Jamui
Jamui is a city and a municipality in Jamui district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district headquarters of Jamui district.Jamui was formed as a District on 21 February 1991 as a result of its separation from Munger.Jamui is one of the famous district of Bihar, which has a glorious past.
Historical existence of Jamui has been observed from the Period of Mahabharta war. Archaeological and historical evidence shows its close association with Jain tradition for a long past to the present time. History of Bihar will remain incomplete without the history of Jamui.There are mainly two hypotheses which have been mentioned by historians regarding the origin of the name of the district Jamui. The first hypothesis said that the name of Jamui derived from “Jambhiya Gram” or “ Jribhikgram” village, which has the place of attaining ‘Omniscience’ (Kevalaygnan) of Vardhaman Mahavir and according to another hypothesis the name Jamui is originated from Jambuwani.
Jamui is located at 24°55′N 86°13′E / 24.92°N 86.22°E / 24.92; 86.22. It has an average elevation of 78 metres (255 feet).
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Jashpur district
Jashpur District lies in the north-eastern corner of the state of Chhattisgarh in India adjoining the border of Jharkhand and Orissa. Jashpur Nagar is the administrative headquarter of the district. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
The North-South length of this district is about 150 km, and its East-West breadth is about 85 km. Its total area is 6,205 km². It is between 22° 17′ and 23° 15′ North latitude and 83° 30′ and 84° 24′ East longitude.
It is divided geographically into two parts. The northern hilly belt is called the Upper Ghat. The remaining, southern part, is called Nichghat.
The upper ghat runs from Loroghat Kastura, Narayanpur, Bagicha up to the Surguja district. This belt is a forest area and contains a reserve forest. It covers the Sanna, Bagicha and Narayanpur. The upper ghat is an extension plateau covering 1384 km² which is about 1200 meters above sea level and is covered by a dense forest. The elevated plateau is called "Pat". The Upper Ghat is climbed through Loroghat. Loroghat is about 4 km in length and there are three turnings that are very dangerous.
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Jaunpur district
Jaunpur (Hindi: जौनपुर ज़िला, Urdu: جون پور ضلع) is a district in the Varanasi Division of Uttar Pradesh state in India. Jaunpur serves as the district headquarters.
The district of Jaunpur is situated in the North-West part of Varanasi Division. Its land area extends from 24.240N to 26.120N latitude and between 82.70E and 83.50E longitudes. Its attitude varies from 261 ft to 290 ft. above M.S.L. (Mean Sea Level). The topography of the district is mainly a flat plain with shallow river-balleys. Gomti and Sai are its main parental rivers. Besides these, Varuna, Basuhi, Pili. Mamur and Gangi are the smaller rivers here. The rivers Gomti and Basuhi divide the district into nearly four equal landmasses. The soils are mainly sandy, loamy and clayey. Jaunpur district is often affected by the disaster of floods. There is a paucity of minerals. Excavations at some places yield to some rocks which are burnt to make lime. The lime obtained from sand and gravel is used in buildings construction work. The geographical area of the district is 4038 km2.
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Jehanabad
Jehanabad is a city and a municipality in and the headquarters of Jehanabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. Earlier, Jehanabad was part of Gaya district. It is 50 km away from both Patna and Gaya.
As of 2001[update] India census, Jehanabad had a population of 81,723. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jehanabad has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 54%. In Jehanabad, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Natural Resources
The rivers- Falgu, Dardha, Jamuna and Morhar flow by crossing the district's plan topography. The river Falgu has got religious importance where 'PIND DAN' is offered to their forefather's by the Hindus. All these rivers are mainly rainfed, have a meagre discharge in the other parts of the year and go dry in the summers.
As far as minerals are concerned, the district has only minor ones. The sand available with the river beds in the major part of the year is collected and transported to other parts of the district besides to the adjoining districts and is useful in construction work. The hills of Barabar are being quarried for stones, which are utilised by 36 Crusher units, spread mainly across the Makhdumpur block. Barabar is a great tourist place of India. It has also a great history from the time of great samrat Ashok. Other religious places are the Mahavir Mandir, Babhana (2 km west from Jehanabad town) and Shri RamBag, Shahpur (5 km south-west from Jehanabad town). It is one of the most popular religious place of India.
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Jhabua
Jhabua (Hindi: झाबुआ) is a town and a municipality in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Jhabua District.
Jhabua was the capital of a princely state of the British Raj's Central India, in the Bhopawar agency. Its area, with the dependency of Rutanmal, was approx 1,776 square miles (4,600 km2). After India's independence in 1947, its rulers acceded to India, and Jhabua became part of the newly created Madhya Bharat state, which in 1956 was merged into Madhya Pradesh. Bhabhara which was once part of the Jhabua district,is the place where Chandrasekhar Azad, the great freedom fightern spent his early life when his father Pandit Sitaram Tiwari was serving in the erstwhile estate of Alirajpur. But, when Alirajpur district (which was once the part of Jhabua district) got separated from Jhabua. Bhabhra became the part of Alirajpur district.
Jhabua has an average elevation of 318 metres (1043 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Jhabua had a population of 30,577. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jhabua has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 69%. In Jhabua, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Jhajjar
Jhajjar (Hindi: झज्जर) is a town in Jhajjar district in the Indian state of Haryana.Jhajjar is one of the 21 district of Haryana state, India. Jhajjar district, Haryana was carved out of Rohtak district on July 15, 1997.
Jhajjar is located at 28°37′N 76°39′E / 28.62°N 76.65°E / 28.62; 76.65. It has an average elevation of 220 metres (721 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Jhajjar had a population of 39,004. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jhajjar has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 61%. In Jhajjar, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Jhajjar is predominantly inhabited by people from the Yaduvanshi Sainis, Yaduvanshi Ahirs and Jats who belong to the Hindu faith. Their social customs are heavily influenced by Arya Samaj, as propagated by Swami Dayanand.Ahirs mainly came from Delhi and Rewari and claim that they are descended from a great grandson of Phrithviraj.they are skilled agriculturists and have many gotras. Jats consists of many clans and most of the villages have one of these clans forming the core along with people from other castes. Social customs are heavily influenced by clannish loyalties. Jhajjar has a Gurukul of the Arya Samaj. There is also a museum.
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Jhalawar
Jhalawar (Hindi: झालावाड़) is a city in southeastern Rajasthan. It was the capital of the former princely state of Jhalawar, and is the administrative headquarters of Jhalawar District. Jhalawar was once known as Brijnagar[citation needed].
The city of Jhalawar was founded by Jhala Zalim Singh, who was the then Dewan of Kota State (1791 A.D.). He established this township, then known as Chaoni Umedpura, as a cantonment. The township was at the time surrounded by dense forests and wildlife.
Jhala Zalim Singh often came here for hunting and he liked the place so much that he wanted to develop it as a township. The objective to develop this place as a military cantonment was due to the fact that Maratha invaders passed through this central place from Malwa towards Kota to capture Hadoti states.
Jhala Zalim Singh recognized the importance of this place and started to develop it as a military cantonment and township, so that he could use this place to attack and stop Maratha invaders before they can reach to Kota State. Chaoni Umedpura got developed as a cantonment and township around 1803-04 A.D. Colonel Todd, who visited the region in December, 1821 described this area as the cantonment established by Jhala Zalim Singh plus a well-established township with large houses, havelis, and surrounding walls.
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Jhansi
Jhansi pronunciation (help·info) is a historical city of India lying on the banks of Pahuj river. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi District and Jhansi Division. The original walled city grew up around its stone fort, which crowns a neighboring rock. This district is on the bank of river Betwa.
Jhansi city is situated between the rivers Pahunj and Betwa between North longitudes 24°11´ and 25°57´and East latitudes 78°10´and 79°25´.It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).The city has an irregular boundary, northern being contiguous with that of district of Jalaun. In addition, the city is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by road and railway networks. It is about 415 km from New Delhi and 292 km from Lucknow, and is called gateway to Bundelkhand .
The National Highway Development Project has sparked Jhansi's development. The North-South Corridor connecting Kashmir to Kanyakumari passes through Jhansi. The East-West corridor also goes through this city, so there has been a sudden rush to infrastructure and real estate development in the city. A greenfield airport is also on the Anvil.
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Jhansi district
Jhansi District is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Jhansi is the district headquarters.
The district is bordered on the north by Jalaun District, to the east by Hamirpur and Mahoba districts, to the south by Tikamgarh District of Madhya Pradesh state, to the southwest by Lalitpur District, which is joined to Jhansi District by a narrow corridor, and on the east by the Datia and Bhind districts of Madhya Pradesh. Population 1,746,715 (2001 census). Lalitpur District, which extends into the hill country to the south, was added to Jhansi District in 1891, and made a separate district again in 1974. Several railway lines serve the district. South of Jhansi District lies the hill country of Bundelkhand, which slopes down from the Vindhya Range. The district consists of the level plain of Bundelkhand, distinguished for its deep black soil, known as mar, and admirably adapted for the cultivation of cotton. The district is intersected or bounded by three principal rivers, the Pahuj, Betwa and Dhasan. The main city in Jhansi district is Jhansi. Other towns are Mauranipur, Garautha, Moth, Babina, Chirgaon, Samthar Gursarai, etc.
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Jharkhand
Jharkhand /dʒɑrˈkɑːnd/[citation needed] (Hindi: झारखण्ड; Bengali: ঝাড়খন্ড; Urdu: جھاڑکھنڈ; Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [ˈdʒʱaːrkʰəɳɖ] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,714 km2 49,821 sq mi (129,040 km2). The industrial city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is sub capital while Jamshedpur is the largest and the biggest industrial city of the state. Some of the other major cities and industrial centres are Dhanbad, Bokaro and Hazaribagh.
The name "Jharkhand" means "The Land of Forests".
According to some writers like Gautam Kumar Bera, there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural entity called Jharkhand even before the period of Magadha Empire. Bera's book (page 33) also refers to the Hindu Mythological book Bhavishya Purana. The tribal rulers, some of whom continue to thrive till today were known as the Munda Rajas, who basically had ownership rights to large farmlands. During the Mughal period, the Jharkhand area was known as Kukara.
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Jhunjhunu
Jhunjhunu (Hindi: झुन्झुनू) is a town in the state of Rajasthan in India, and the administrative headquarters of Jhunjhunu District. It is located a 180 km from Jaipur and 245 km from Delhi. The town is famous for the frescos on its grand Havelis, a special artistic feature of this region.
Jhunjhunu is an old and historical town, having it own district headquarter, . It is said that is was ruled over by the Chauhan Dynasty in the Vikram era 1045, and Sidhraj was a renowned king. In the year 1450 Mohammed Khan & his son Samas khan defeated the Chauhans and conquered Jhunjhunu. Jhunjhunu has also been a stronghold of Jat chieftains and is named after Jujhar Singh Nehra.
Mohammed khan was first Nawab of Jhunjhunu. Then his son Samas khan ascended the throne in the year. 1459. Samas khan founded the village Samaspur and got Samas Talab constructed. Rohilla Khan was the last Nawab of Jhunjhunu. The Nawabs ruled over Jhunjhunu for 280 years. Rohilla Khan had imposed a great faith in Shardul Singh and he acted as his Diwan.
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Jind
Jind (Hindi: जींद) is a town in Jind District in the Indian state of Haryana. It is one of the oldest districts of Haryana. It lies in central Haryana. Rani Talab is the major tourist place Pandu-Pindara and Ramrai are the main devotional places attracting devotees for Amavasya bath.
The district derives its name from its headquarters town Jind that is said to be a corruption of Jaintapuri. It is also said that this town had been founded at the time of the Mahabharata. According to an old saying, the Pandavas built the Jayanti Devi Temple in honour of Jainti Devi (the goddess of victory), offered prayers for success, and then launched the battle with the Kauravas. The town grew up around the temple and was named Jaintapuri (Abode of Jainti Devi) which later on came to be known as Jind.
Jind is located at 29°19′N 76°19′E / 29.32°N 76.32°E / 29.32; 76.32. It has an average elevation of 227 metres (744 feet).
As of 2011[update] India census,, Jind city had a population of 166,225. Males constituted 53.3% and females 46.7% of the population respectively. Sex ratio is measured at 877 compared to national average 940. The sex ratio for the 0 to 6 year age-group is worse at 831 compared to national average 918. Jind had an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 64.3%. Male literacy was 80%, and female literacy was 67% . In Jind, children under six years of age numbered 18,825 and were 11.3% of the population in 2011 .
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Jodhpur
Jodhpur /ˈdʒɒdpʊər/ (Rajasthani: जोधाणा Jodhpur.ogg (help·info); Hindi: जोधपुर) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 335 kilometres (208 mi) west from the state capital, Jaipur and 200 kilometres (124 mi) from the city of Ajmer. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples, set in the stark landscape of the Thar desert.
The city is known as the "Sun City" for the bright, sunny weather it enjoys all year. It is also referred to as the "Blue City" due to the blue-painted houses around the Mehrangarh Fort. The old city circles the fort and is bounded by a wall with several gates. However, the city has expanded greatly outside the wall over the past several decades. Jodhpur lies near the geographic centre of Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in a region much frequented by tourists.
According to Rajasthan district Gazetteers of Jodhpur and the Hindu epic Ramayana (composed up to 4th century AD), Abhiras were the original inhabitants of Jodhpur and later Aryans spread to this region.
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Kabul
Kabul ( /ˈkɑːbəl/, /ˈkɑːbuːl/; Pashto: کابل Kābəl, IPA: [kɑˈbəl]; Persian: کابل Kābol, IPA: [kɒːˈbol]), also spelled Cabool, Caubul or Cabul, mostly in historical contexts, is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. Kabul is the 5th fastest growing city in the world [2] and the world's 64th largest city [3]. It is also the capital of Kabul Province, located in the eastern section of Afghanistan. According to latest estimates, the population of the Kabul metropolitan area is over 4 million.
The city serves as the nation's cultural and learning centre, situated 1,791 metres (5,876 ft) above sea level in a narrow valley, wedged between the Hindu Kush mountains along the Kabul River. It is linked with Kandahar, Herat and Mazar-e Sharif via the circular Highway 1 that stretches across Afghanistan. It is also the start of the main road to Jalalabad and further to Peshawar, Pakistan. The Kabul International Airport is located about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the center of the city, next to the Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood. Bagram Airfield is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Kabul.
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Kaimur district
Kaimur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. The district headquarters are located at Bhabua. The district occupies an area of 3363 km² and has a population of 1,284,575 (as of 2001[update]). A considerable hilly, forested area, currently infested by bandits. Kaimur district is a part of Patna division.
Kaimur district was established in 1991. It was sectioned off from the Rohtas district. The earliest evidence of human habitation in the district consists of rock paintings in the Lehda forest that date to around 20,000 years ago.
It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
Kaimur district occupies an area of 3,362 square kilometres (1,298 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to Russia's Vaygach Island.
The Kaimur Range and Rohtas Plateau cover the southern part of this district. The Karmnasha and Durgawati rivers run through the district. A large forest covers part of Kaimur; it measures 1,06,300 hectares and contains the Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary which is home to tigers, leopards and chinkaras.
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Kaithal
Kaithal (Punjabi: ਕੈਥਲ) (Hindi: कैथल) is a city and a municipal council in Kaithal district in the Indian state of Haryana. Kaithal was previously a part of Karnal District and later, Kurukshetra District until 1 November 1989, when it became the headquarters of the Kaithal District of Haryana. Kaithal shares common boundary with Patiala (Punjab), Kurukshetra, Jind and Karnal.
Kaithal is located at 29°48′N 76°23′E / 29.8°N 76.38°E / 29.8; 76.38. It has an average elevation of 220 metres (721 feet).
This city is situated on National Highway NH 65, connecting the state capital Chandigarh to Hissar, and has a rail connection to Kurukshetra and Narwana which further goes to Jind (local trains only).
Historically, it was known as Kapisthal, meaning "Abode of Kapi", another name of Lord Hanuman, and it is said to have been founded by the Pandava Emperor, Yudhisthira of Mahabharata. It is traditionally connected with Hanuman, and has a temple dedicated to Anjani, the mother of Hanuman. Timur stopped here in 1398, before attacking Delhi. Later, the city became a Muslim cultural centre, under the rule of Delhi Sultanate. Tombs of several Sufi saints dating from the 13th century can be found in the city today; most important among them is that of Sheikh Sala -ud-din of Bhalkh (1246 CE). The town was renovated and a fort was built during the rule of the Mughal Emperor, Akbar, and as per Ain-i-Akbari, it was a pargana, under the sarkar of Sirhind, and had developed into an agricultural centre
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Kangra district
Kangra is the most populousdistrict of the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Dharamshala is the administrative headquarters of the district.
The Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh is situated in the Western Himalayas between 31°2 to 32°5 N and 75° to 77°45 E. The district has a geographical area of 5,739 km. which constitutes 10.31% of the geographical area of the State. According to 2001 census, the total population of the district was 13,39,030, which is the highest in the state (22.50% of the population). The altitude of the district ranges from 427 to 6401m above mean sea level, with the lowest being in the plains areas bordering Gurdaspur district of Punjab in the west and Una district of H.P. in the south. In the east, it borders Mandi district, in North with Kullu and Chamba. The district has considerable diversity in its soils, physiography, land use patterns and cropping systems. On the basis of these, the district has further been divided into five sub-regions i.e. Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, Kangra Shiwalik, Kangra Valley and Beas Basin.
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Kannauj
Kannauj (Hindi: क़न्नौज, Urdu: قنوج), also spelt Kanauj, is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city's name is traditionally derived from the term Kanyakubja (The city of the hunchbacked maidens). Kannauj is an ancient city, in earlier times the capital of Emperor Harshavardhan. It is said that Kanyakubja Brahmin's are originally from Kannauj. Kannauj is known for the distilling of scents and is a market center for tobacco, perfume, and rose water. It has given its name to a distinct dialect of the Hindi language known as Kanauji. It was called Calinipaxa during reign of Alexander the Great.
Kannuaj remained a focal point for the three powerful dynasties, namely the Gurjara Pratiharas, Palas and Rashtrakutas, between the 8th and 10th centuries. The conflict between the three dynasties has been referred to as the Tripartite struggle by many historians.
There were initial struggles but ultimately the Gurjar Pratihars succeeded in retaining the city. The Gurjar Pratihars ruled Malwa, which was bounded to the South by the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Pala dynasty to the East. The Tripartite Struggle began with the defeat of Indrayudh at the hands of Gurjar Pratihar ruler Vatsaraja. The Pala ruler Dharampala was also keen to establish his authority at Kannauj, giving rise to a struggle between Vatsaraja and Dharampala. Dharampala was however defeated. Taking advantage of the chaos, the Rastrakuta ruler Dhruva surged northwards, defeated Vatsaraja, and took Kannauj for himself, completing the furthest northern expansion by a South Indian ruler.
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Kannur
Kannur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര്, Kaṇṇūr ?), also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518 km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore(Land of lord Krishna[citation needed]), which is still in fairly common usage. Kannur is the 6th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, Thrissur and Kollam. It is the largest city of North Malabar region. Kannur Municipality was established in 1867 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Kerala.
Kannur is one of the Million Plus urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1,642,892 in 2011. Kannur is known as the Land of Looms and Lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and ritualistic folk arts held in temples. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches; Theyyam, its native performing art, and its handloom industry.
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Kanpur
Kanpur /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور pronunciation (help·info)), spelled Cawnpore before 1948, is the Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district, Kanpur Dehat district and Kanpur division. It is the eleventh-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India. It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) and a city area of around 829 km2 with an approximate population of 3 million inhabitants in its area. It is administratively divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with an average ward population range of 19000 to 26000.
City Development Plan for Kanpur city is both a perspective and vision for the future development. Kanpur City Development Plan (CDP) is the culmination of a study which was commenced about three months ago[when?] by JPS Associates. This report is based on invaluable inputs the consultants received from the various stakeholders and the officers associated with the development of the city. This CDP, therefore, truly reflects the vision of the citizens, the poor and the slum dwellers and the officers who are determined to make Kanpur a futuristic city in the next few years.
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Kanpur division
Kanpur division is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Kanpur is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2005), the division consists of districts of
Kanpur division was earlier part of the Allahabad division. In the year, 2000, the Mayawati government did a major reshuffle of the Allahabad division, and a separate Kanpur division was created.
The Kanpur district itself was bifurcated into Kanpur and Kanpur dehat, which is now renamed as RamaBai Nagar, on the name of Ramabai(1896-1935),wife of Dr B.R.Ambedkar. It is famous that the Secret of Success in life of B.R.Ambedkar was his Wife Ramabai.
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Karauli
Karauli (also formerly spelled Karoli or Kerowlee) is a town lying in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The town is the administrative center of Karauli District, and was formerly the capital of the erstwhile princely state of Karauli.
Karauli is located at 26°30′N 77°01′E / 26.5°N 77.02°E / 26.5; 77.02. It has an average elevation of 275 metres (902 ft).
The town dates from 1348, and is situated in a position naturally defended by ravines on the north and east, while it is further protected by a great wall. The Maharaja's palace is a handsome block of buildings, some of them dating to the late 18th century.Karauli was founded by Maharaja Arjun Dev Yadav in 1348.
Ancient history shows that before 11th century this region comes under Matsya Kingdom. The modern princely state Karauli was founded about 995 by Raja Bijai Pal a Jadon Rajput ruler; or is claimed that he was 88th in descent from the hindu god Krishna[citation needed]. Little is however known about the early history of the family; the state was long a fief in Jaipur state until the HEIC chose, in the early 19th century, to recognise Karauli as being an independent principality. In 1818, Karauli was made part of the Rajputana Agency.
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Karnal
Karnal pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: करनाल) is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District in the Indian state of Haryana.
Karnal is said to have been founded by the Kauravas in the Mahabharata era for the king Karna, a mythological hero and a key figure in the epic tale. It is midway between Delhi and Chandigarh, being 123 km (76 mi) north of Delhi and 126 km (78 mi) south of Chandigarh, on the National Highway NH-1, which is famous as the Grand Trunk Road. Delhi and Chandigarh can be reached from Karnal within 2 hours using the very high frequency bus service provided by the Haryana Roadways.
Karnal is famous for its world class research[citation needed]and development institutes, namely Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), National Diary Research Institute (NDRI), Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), the production of very high-quality basmati rice and lush green pastures. Karnal is also famous for manufacture of agricultural implements and its spares as more than 40%[citation needed] of country agricultural implements and spares are manufactured here. One of the bigger units involved in the manufacture of spares is Karnal Agricultural Industries Ltd. having largest manufacturing base in the country.
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Kasganj
Kasganj (Hindi कासगंज) is a city and a district headquarters of Kanshi Ram Nagar district in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh)
Kasganj was founded by Nawab Yaqoot Ali Khan, a descendent of the Nawabs of Farrukhabad[citation needed]. The city was known as Yaqoot Ganj in the early sixteenth century[citation needed], but it later became popularly known as Kasganj because it was established in a thick forest of kans, a vegetation grown abundantly here . The inscription regarding its establishment is still visible in the city's Jama Masjid (big mosque). It is said that the well-protected building at Tehsil Road which houses the tehsil was the residence of Nawab Yaqoot Ali Khan until it was acquired by the British after fall of Awadh.
The city was established here because it represented a centre point in the road connections between various small, ancient cities of District Etah, such as Bilram, Marehra, Etah, Sakeet, Atranji Khera and Aligarh. Kasganj is a city of rich cultural heritage. It is the junction of east, west and south UP, that very much reflects through peoples language,dresses and dishes. Direct impact of Brij Pradesh is very much evident. Hindu-Muslim culture is woven fine here. There is a long history of togetherness of both communities with love and respect to each other. Christians and Sikhs are also indispensable part of the society. Some important families of all the communities are the legend of a rich past. The articles,manuscripts of historical importance are available with some families of the city caring for heritage like Rao Mahinder Man Singh, Seth Uttam Chand Chandak, Nawabzada Haji Abdul Sattar Ali Khan(Mukhiya Family), Seth Janki Prashad and some other families from Vaishyas, Brahmins, Thakurs of Piwari, Mehmoodpur, Kendi, Gorha & Kayasths as well[citation needed].
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Katihar
Katihar is a town situated in the north eastern part of Bihar state in India. It is headquarters of Katihar district.
Katihar is located at 25°32′N 87°35′E / 25.53°N 87.58°E / 25.53; 87.58. It has an average elevation of 20 metres (65 feet).
As per 2011 census, Katihar Urban Agglomeration had a population of 240,565. Katihar Urban Agglomeration includes Katihar (Municipal Corporation plus Out Growth) and Katihar Railway Colony (Out Growth).Katihar Municipal Corporation had a total population of 225,982, out of which 119,142 were males and 106,840 were females. It had a sex ratio of 897. The population below 5 years was 31,036. The literacy rate of the 7+ population was 79.87 per cent.
Maithili, Angika dialect of Maithili, Hindi, Bengali and Surjapuri are the main languages spoken in Katihar.
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Katni
Katni (also known as Murwara (Katni) or Mudwara) is a town on the banks of the Katni River in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Katni District. It is located in the Mahakoshal Region of Central India. The city is 90 km (56 mi) away from the Divisional Headquarters of the region, Jabalpur. It is one of largest railway junctions in India and has the largest railyard and biggest diesel locomotive shed in India.[citation needed] The city has an abundance of lime and bauxite.
One of the prime junctions of Indian railways, Katni Junction is located in the heart of the rail network. Trains come to Katni from five directions, as it is situated at the junction of trunk rail routes connecting north-south and east-west. The public has access to almost all parts of the country directly through mail express trains from Katni. The railways are now establishing a new zone at Jabalpur. There are more than 5,000 railway employees at Katni. Katni is the second biggest diesel locomotive shed of the Indian Railways, housing 200 locomotives. It also has an electric locomotive shed holding 100 locomotives. Katni is home to Indian railway's biggest wagon repair shop. A complete new township has been developed at Katni Junction.
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Kaushambi district
Kaushambi district (Hindi: कौशाम्बी ज़िला, Urdu: کوشامبی ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Manjhanpur town is the district headquarters. Kaushambi district is a part of Allahabad Division.
In ancient India it was the capital of the Vatsa Mahajanapada, one of 16 such regions. The Puranas state that Vatsa was named after a Kaśī king. The Ramayana and the Mahabharata attribute the credit of founding its capital Kauśāmbī to a Chedi prince Kuśa or Kuśāmba. The Puranas state that after the washing away of Hastinapura by the Ganges, the Bhāratas king Nicakṣu, great-great grandson of Janamejaya, abandoned the city and settled in Kauśāmbī. This is supported by the Svapnavāsavadattā and the Pratijñā-Yaugandharāyaṇa attributed to Bhāsa. Both of them have described the king Udayana as a scion of the Bhāratas family (Bhārata-kula). The Puranas provide a list of Nicakṣu’s successors which ends with king Kṣemaka.
Gautama Buddha visited Kaushambi several times during the reign of Udayana on his effort to spread the dharma, the Noble Eightfold Path and the Four Noble Truths. Udayana was a Buddhist upāsaka. The Chinese translation of the Buddhist canonical text Ekottara Āgama states that the first image of Buddha, curved out of sandalwood was made under the instruction of Udayana.
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Keetham Lake
Keetham lake is a scenic lake just outside Agra on the Agra - Delhi highway (NH 2). The Keetham lake is also known as the Sur Sarovar. It is a tranquil spot, ideal for a relaxed outing. A wide variety of fish and water-birds add to the lake's natural charm and beauty.
This scenic lake, is about 20 KM from Agra and 12 km from sikandra is located within the Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary. Keetham Lake is linked by Railway track at Keetham Railway Station and was declared as National Bird Sanctuary in 27 March 1991 by U.P. Forest Department. The riverine belt of River Yamuna surrounds the area of Sur-Sarovar.
The climatic conditions of the lake area is typical of Uttar Pradesh plains with hot windy summers and extremely cold winters. The average temperature ranges between 1.5 C to 49 C. The monsoon season occurs during July to September.
The entire lake is formed in a catchment area of 7.13 km². Keetham Lake is pentagonal in shape. There are artificially created islands for shelter and breeding grounds to the migratory birds.The best thing is that is placed on the way of Delhi and tourist can visit during the their journey to Agra.
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Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.
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Kesava Deo Temple
Krishna Janmasthan or Kesava Deo Temple is a temple in Mathura, India and is among the sacred of Hindu sites.
It was built in Mathura over the prison which was believed to be the birthplace of Lord Krishna. In contemporary memory, it was built by Raja Vir Sinh Bundela of Orchaa, in the reign of Jehangir. The Rajput prince enjoyed a special favour with the Mughal on account of his support to Jehangir in his succession.
The site has been a deeply religious one for the Hindus. It is said that the first temple here was constructed almost 5,000 years ago by Vajranabha, the great-grandson of Lord Krishna. The next big temple was constructed here during the time of the Gupta Emperor Chandragupta Vikramaditya around 400 AD. This temple was so grand that it was said that neither painting nor description could describe it. Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed the temple in 1017 AD along with several other Hindu and Buddhist temples in the holy city of Mathura.
Another temple was built here in 1150. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu visited this temple. It was destroyed in the 16th century during the reign of Sikander Lodi.
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Khagaria
Khagaria is a city in India, and the administrative headquarter of Khagaria district. Khagaria is a part of Munger division. The town has a major railway junction on the Barauni Guwahati section of the Indian Railways. National Highway 31 which connects rest of the India to North Eastern region passes through this town. It is connected to other parts of Bihar by another rail line to Saharsa and Samastipur. Building of a major rail bridge across river Ganges in Munger is underway to connect it to south Bihar and Jharkhand directly.
Khagaria is located at 25°30′N 86°29′E / 25.5°N 86.48°E / 25.5; 86.48. It has an average elevation of 36 metres (118 feet).khagaria was under munger division till 1980 when it became a district.
As of 2001[update] India census, Khagaria had a population of 45,126. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Khagaria has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 58%. In Khagaria, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Khandwa
Khandwa is a town in the Nimaad (commonly and unphonetically written as Nimar by the local people) region of Madhya Pradesh, an Administrative State in central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Khandwa District, formerly known as East Nimar District.
Khandwa is an ancient town, with many places of worship, like many other towns in India. Mostly they are Hindu and Jain temples. During the 12th century AD. it was a center of Jainism. During British rule, it passed nearby Burhanpur (now a separate district) as the main commercial centre of the Nimaad region. Khandwa is a major railway junction, where the Malwa line connecting Indore with the Deccan meets the main east-west line from Mumbai to Kolkata.
It is the birth place of famous Bollywood singer Kishore Kumar Gangopadhyay. It is also famous for being the birth place of present-day Bollywood singer Shaan (singer). Apart from these, Khandwa is also famous for its local saint known nationally Dada Dhuniwaale, who took his last breath here. Famous Hindu temples at Omkareshwar and Jain temples at Siddhawarkoot are about 60 km away in Khandwa district.
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Khargone
Khargone (खरगोन) is a district headquarters of the state of Madhya Pradesh, in central India. The Khargone district region was formerly known as West Nimar (पश्चिम निमाड़). It is the administrative headquarters of the Khargone District, with several major administrative offices of the Khargone District, including the collectorate, police, telecom and various other government organizations. The city is situated at the bank of Kunda river and is famous for its cotton and chilly (chili pepper) production. It is also known for Navgraha Mandir, a temple devoted to the nav grahas (nine planets).
According to mythology, the name "Nimar" was derived from the word "Nimarya" (निमार्य), which signifies that the land had belonged to both the Aryas and the non-Aryas. However, according to another myth, the word "Nimar" has been associated with the place due to the presence of a large number of Neem trees.
At different times in history, the area was ruled by the Kingdoms of Haihayas (हैहय) of Maheshwar, Parmar of Malwa, Aheer of Asirgarh, Muslims of Mandav, Peshwa, Mughals and Marathas. After the formation of the state of Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956, the district came into existence as West Nimar (पश्चिम निमाड़). Later (on 25 May 1998) due to certain administrative needs, the district was divided between Khargone and Barwani.
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Kheragarh
Kheragarh is a town and a nagar panchayat in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The distance of the town from Agra is 40 kilometers.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kheragarh had a population of 17,859. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kheragarh has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 49%. In Kheragarh, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kheragarh is situated on the bank of river Utangan. Which merges with parvati and chambal.
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Khunti
Khunti is the headquarters of Khunti district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Khunti is located at 23°04′19″N 85°16′49″E / 23.0718800°N 85.2802120°E / 23.0718800; 85.2802120 southern Jharkhand. Khunti is Entertainment Zone of State Capital Ranchi.
The place draws its name from Maharani Kunti of the Mahābhārata fame. It is widely believed that she along with her five famous sons Pandavas was here during their year of anonymity.
It is historically known for the center of activity of the Birsa movement. Birsa Munda was born in Khunti.
As of 2001[update] India census, Khunti had a population of 29,271. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Khunti has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 61%. In Khunti, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Till recently, Khunti was a sub-division of Ranchi district. On September 12, 2007, it was carved out as the 23rd district of Jharkhand. The new district has one sub-division and six blocks:
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Kinnaur district
Kinnaur is one of twelve administrative districts in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, India. The district is divided into three administrative areas – Pooh, Kalpa, and Nichar – and has five tehsils (counties). The administrative headquarter of Kinnaur district is at Reckong Peo. From here Sangla valley, and district headquarters Recong Peo, Kalpa, Kinnaur Kailash, considered to be the abode of Lord Shiva, can be viewed. As of 2011 it is the second least populous district of Himachal Pradesh (out of 12), after Lahaul and Spiti.
As the region was inaccessible, there was very little interaction with people from the plains and, therefore, the ancient Hindu texts considered mystical Kinnars as halfway between humans and gods.
Kinnaur, surrounded by the Tibet to the east, is in the northeast corner of Himachal Pradesh, about 235 km (146 mi) from the state capital, Shimla. It has three high mountains ranges, namely, Zanskar, Himalayas and Dhauldhar that enclose valleys of Sutlej, Spiti, Baspa and their tributaries. The slopes are covered with thick wood, orchards, fields and picturesque hamlets. The much religious Shivling lies at the peak of Kinnaur Kailash mountain. The district was opened for the outsiders in 1989. The old Hindustan-Tibet Road passes through the Kinnaur valley along the bank of river Sutlej and finally enters Tibet at Shipki La pass.
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Kiraoli
Kiraoli is a town and a nagar panchayat in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Kiraoli is located at 27°09′N 77°47′E / 27.15°N 77.78°E / 27.15; 77.78. It has an average elevation of 168 metres (551 feet). Kiraoli is on NH11 i.e. Agra Jaipur Highway. It also has railway station on Agra-Kota-Mumbai railway track. Kiraoli is a small town in between two most important historic places of mugal period, those are Agra (23 Km) and Fatehpur Sikri (13 Km).
There are 12 villages of sisodia rajputs near Fatehpur sikri fort in agra district. These are Arrua Khas, Nayavas, Satha, korai, Behrawati, Byara, Undera, Kachora, Singarpur, Vidyapur, Onera, Daultabad.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kiraoli had a population of 18,921. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kiraoli has an average literacy rate of 49%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 59%, and female literacy is 38%. In Kiraoli, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Kochi
Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി, Kocci ?[koˈtʃːi] ( listen)), formerly Cochin, is a major port city on the west coast of India by the Arabian Sea. Kochi is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala.
Kochi is often called by the name Ernakulam, which refers to the eastern part of the mainland Kochi. The civic body that governs the city is the Corporation of Cochin, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority and the Goshree Islands Development Authority.
The city of Kochi (pop. 601,574) is Kerala's largest city and is part of an extended metropolitan region (pop. 2.1 million), which is the largest urban agglomeration in Kerala. It is the most densely populated city in the state. Kochi city is also a part of Greater Cochin region and is classified as a B-1 grade city by the Government of India, making it the highest graded city in the state. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala. Kochi has been ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine.
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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
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Korba district
Korba District is an administrative district of Chhattisgarh state in central India. The city of Korba is the district headquarters.
The district was situated in the Northern Rocks and Hills area of the state. Most of the land which has plateau from the Maikal ranges of the Satpura hills, is high and low and open. The biggest area of this open land is spread near Pasan. Hasdeo River has three tributaries Gajechorai, Tan and Ahiran. On the banks of the rivers are small obstructions, thin forest area and bastties. The areas most important hill, the Karela Hill (Height 3253 Ft./991Mtr.). To the north of Katghora, the slope of the valleys of the Hasdeo and Gage is very less and joined the Sarguja District in the north. The Tan and Chorai Rivers joins the River Hasdeo from opposite directions - from the East and the West. Towards the northern banks are the Gurudwari Hill, Janta Hill, Matin and Dhajag Hills.
Korba is known for its coal mines such as Gevra Area (one of the biggest coal mines of Asia), Kusmunda Area and Dipka Area, all located in Korba Coalfield, power plants such as NTPC, CSEB East - West and Balco Aluminium Plant.
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Koriya
Koriya, also spelled as Korea, was a princely state of British Empire in India. After Indian Independence in 1947, the ruler of Koriya acceded to the Union of India on 1 January 1948 and was made part of Surguja District of Central Provinces and Berar province. On January 1950, “Central Provinces and Berar” province was renamed Madhya Pradesh state. After November 2000, it along with princely state of Changbhakar, became Koriya district of Chhattisgarh state. It had an area of 1,631 sq. m. and a population of 126,874 as on 1941.
The state of Koriya, which includes 400 villages, is in Chhattisgarh. It borders to the north on Rewa; to the east on Suruguja; to the south, on the British district of Bilaspur (Province of Central provinces); to the southwest, on Rewa again; and to the west, on Changbhakar.
The ruling families of Korea are Chauhan Rajputs who came to Korea from Rajputana in the 13th century and conquered the country. Before the coming of the Marathas, it is alleged that the rajas of Korea “lived in perfect independence, and never having been necessitated to submit to the payment of any tribute, they had no occasion to oppress their subjects.” This situation changed in 1790, and Korea had to pay tribute to the Marathas. It also seems to have had some indefinite feudal relations with Surguja, but the British government ignored them when it was ceded to them by the Bhonsla raja of Nagpur in 1818. Upon the extinction of the direct line in 1897, a distant collateral branch of the ruling family was recognized by the government of India. In 1891, the government decided that the five states of the Surguja group (Surguja, Udaipur, Jashpur, Korea, and Changbhakar) plus Bonai and Gangpur and Seraikela and Kharsawan, formerly known as the Tributary Mahals of Chhota Nagpur, were not part of British India, and revised sanads were issued in 1899 formally recognizing them as feudatory states and defining their relations with the British government.
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Kota district
Kota District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Kota is the administrative headquarters of the district.
During the period around 12th century AD, Rao Deva,a Hada Chieftain conquered the territory and founded Bundi and Hadoti. In the early 17th century AD, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, the ruler of Bundi -Rao Ratan Singh, gave the smaller principality of Kota to his son, Madho Singh. Since then Kota became a hallmark of the Rajput gallantry and culture. In Pre Independence days social activist Guru Radha Kishan worked here along with other prominent freedom fighters and organised people against insane policies of the government. He left Kota after local administration came to know about the arrest warrant issued against him for his activities for freedom movement.
The district is bounded on the north by Bundi District, on the east by Baran District, on the south by Jhalawar District, and on the west by Chittorgarh District. It is renowned for its IIT JEE preparation. It is now the hub of educational institutions and is home to Asia's biggest manufacturer of fertiliser.
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Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: कुरुक्षेत्र) is a land of historical and religious importance. Historically the land belonged to Punjab, but now it is a district in Haryana state of India. It is a holy place and is also known as Dharmakshetra ("Holy City"). According to the Puranas, Kurukshetra is named after King Kuru, the ancestor of Kauravas and Pandavas, as depicted in epic Mahabharata. The importance of the place is attributed to the fact that the Kurukshetra War of the Mahabharata was fought on this land and the Bhagavad Gita was preached on this land during the war when Lord Krishna found Arjuna in a terrible dilemma.
Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' has written an epic poem by the title of Kurukshetra. It is a narrative poem based on the Santi Parva of the Mahabharata. It was written at a time when the memories of the Second World War were fresh on the mind of the poet.
Thanesar or Sthaneswar is a historical town located adjacent to what is now the newly created Kurukshetra city. Thanesar derives its name from the word "Sthaneshwar", which means "Place of God". The Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple, whose presiding deity is Lord Shiva, is believed to be the oldest temple in the vicinity. Local hearsay identifies the legendary "Kurukshetra" with a nearby place known as Thanesar. A few kilometers from Kurukshetra is the village known as Amin, where there are remnants of a fort which is believed to be Abhimanyu's fort.
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Kushinagar
Kushinagar (Hindi: कुशीनगर, Urdu: کُشی نگر), Kusinagar or Kusinara is a town and a nagar panchayat in Kushinagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an important Buddhist pilgrimage site, where Gautama Buddha is thought to have attained Parinirvana after his death.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kushinagar had a population of 17,982. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kushinagar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 54%. In Kushinagar, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.It is 20km (south) away from Padrauna, 55km (east) from Gorakhpur, and 35km (north) from deoria.
In ancient times, it was known as Kushavati (Jatakas). It finds mention in epic Ramayan as the city of Kusha the son of Ram, the famous king of Ayodhya. Kushinagar was a celebrated center of the Malla kingdom of ancient India. Later, it would be known as Kushinara, one of the most important four holy sites for Buddhists. At this location, near the Hiranyavati River, Gautama Buddha attained Parinirvana (or 'Final Nirvana') after falling ill from eating a meal of a species of mushroom, or possibly pork.
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Kushinagar district
Kushinagar District (Hindi: कुशीनगर जिला, Urdu: کُشی نگر) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. Padarauna is the district headquarters. The district is named for Kushinagar, a Buddhist pilgrimage site where Gautama Buddha attained parinirvana in the 6th or 5th centuries BCE.
Kushinagar District is bounded on the east by Bihar state, on the southwest by Deoria District, on the west by Gorakhpur District, and on the northwest by Maharajganj District. It is part of Gorakhpur Division.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Kushinagar one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
The Indian government has approved a projet for the construction of an international airport.
According to the 2011 census Kushinagar district has a population of 3,560,830 , roughly equal to the nation of Lithuania or the US state of Connecticut. This gives it a ranking of 81st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,226 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,180 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 23.08 %. Kushinagar has a sex ratio of 955 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.66 %.
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Lakhisarai
Lakhisarai (archaic spelling: Luckeesarai, pawan dharti) town is the administrative headquarters of Lakhisarai district in Bihar state in eastern India. The town has a population of 77,840 (2001 census). It is well connected by road and rail routes. It is situated on Patna-Howrah main line passing through Kiul junction. NH-80 passes through the town. The town has a number of small scale industrial units, which include iron rod manufacturing, rice mills, sindur (vermilion) factories, drugs manufacturing and insecticide manufacturing units. The rivers, namely the Ganges, Haroohar and Kiul, pass through Lakhisarai district. There is a popular Hindu temple named Ashok Dhaam. . A village named 'Pokhram' in Lakhisarai has a number of temples and pond.
Lakhisarai was an established administrative and religious centre during the golden period of Pal bansh. This region of Lakhisarai was identified in old times as a place of rocks, mountains and statues of different Hindu and Bhuddhist gods and goddesses. Even in Buddha literature this place had been mentioned as "Anguttri" meaning thereby a district status. This beautiful place, naming Lakhisarai came into existence, as a new district from Munger . Hence this place in the ancient period also can be identified with the name of Munger or Ang Pradesh. Lakhisarai region during Pal administration was the capital of Pals for some period. Other evidences found in the district under the Pal Dharampal.
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Latehar
Latehar is a town which is also headquarters of Latehar district of Jharkhand state, India. It is located 105 km north-west of the state capital, Ranchi.
Latehar is located at 23°45′N 84°30′E / 23.75°N 84.50°E / 23.75; 84.50. It has an average elevation of 327 m (1,073 ft).
The economy of the people revolves round the forest, agriculture and minerals.
(a) Agriculture: - A large number of people are engaged in agricultural activities. Cultivation of paddy, maize, cereals, wheat, oil seeds etc. are common. The people are either working as agricultural labourers or cultivators. Kharif and Rabbi are the main agricultural seasons. Karma festival is celebrated for good production of crops.
(b) Forest: - Out of total geographical area of 4211-2508 sq. k.m., forest area covers nearly 2010.2245 sq. k.m. The tribal economy revolves around using forest products, by products and minor products. Kendu leaves, Bamboo and its manufactured products, Mahua, fruits, leaves (used is the making of dona, pattal), lac etc. play an important role in the economic activity of the people. People also hunt animals for food and ‘Jani shikar’ festival is related to this hunting habit.
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Lohardaga
Lohardaga (Hindi: लोहरदग्गा) is a town and the district headquarters of Lohardaga district in the Indian state of Jharkhand, west of Ranchi, the state capital. Earlier (early 1900s) Lohardaga was the commissionary headquarters for Chotanagpur. (See:[1]) It was only later that the commissionary of Chotanagpur was shifted to Ranchi. The commissioner's office still exists and it houses the Lohardaga Municipality office.
Lohardaga is located at 23°26′N 84°41′E / 23.43°N 84.68°E / 23.43; 84.68. It has an average elevation of 647 metres (2122 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Lohardaga had a population of 46,204. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Lohardaga has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 66%. In Lohardaga, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The Deputy Commissioner is the head of the district administration and is ex-officio chairman of various societies, agencies that are involved in the development of the district. Various societies and the Governmental agencies which are in the direct control of the Deputy Commissioner are DRDA, MESO, Central Sponsored Social Sector Schemes, Welfare Schemes, Total Literacy Mission and Sarva Siksha Abhiyan and Various Societies constituted for Health Services. Among NGOs PRADAN(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRADAN) and LGSS are active in the District. PRADAN works with over 8,000 families around issus of micro-irrigation, decentralised poultry, dairy, commercial agriculture, etc. and has been active in this district since 1992
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Lucknow
Lucknow /ˈlʌknaʊ/ (Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, Lakhnaū, IPA: [ˈləkʰnəu] ( listen)) is a city in India and capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. Located in what was originally known as the Awadh (Oudh) region, Lucknow has always been known as a multicultural city, and flourished as a cultural and artistic capital of North India in the 18th and 19th centuries. Courtly manners, beautiful gardens, poetry, music, and fine cuisine patronised by the Shia Nawabs of Iranian origin, are well known amongst Indians and students of South Asian culture and history. Lucknow is popularly known as The City of Nawabs. It is also known as the "Golden City of the East," "Shiraz-i-Hind" and "The Constantinople of India."
The ancient history of Lucknow is mired in mystries and folk sayings. It is popularly believed that Lucknow (लखनऊ) derives its name from Lakshman (लक्ष्मण) (also known as Lakhan (लखन)), younger brother of Lord Rama, greatest hero of Suryawanshi kshatriya clan of India. Ram ordered Lakshman to establish a new town near Ayodhya, the capital of Rama. Lakshman came and built a strong fort. The present Lakshman Teela (लक्ष्मण टीला) in Lucknow is believed to be the site of ancient city of Lakhanpur built by Lakshman.
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Lucknow district
Lucknow District (Hindi: लखनऊ ज़िला, Urdu: لکھنؤ ضلع) is a district located in the Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Lucknow is the district headquarters and the district is part of Lucknow Division and also is the capital of Uttar Pradesh.The City was established in 1775 as the nawab of Awadh moved his capital from Faizabad to Lucknow and made it one of the most prosperous and glittering cities in all India.
Located in what was historically known as the Awadh region, Lucknow has always been a multicultural place. Courtly mannerism, lofty gardens, poetry, music, and fine traditional cuisine patronized by the Persian-loving Shia Nawabs are well known amongst Indians and students of South Asian culture and history.
The climate of Lucknow district is predominantly subtropical in nature. Hot atmosphere during the months of May and June and heavy rainfalls during the months of June, July and August are the typical characteristics of Lucknow.
According to the 2011 census Lucknow district has a population of 4,588,455, roughly equal to the nation of Georgia or the US state of Louisiana. This gives it a ranking of 31st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,815 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,700 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.79 %. Lucknow has a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.33 %.
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Ludhiana
Ludhiana /ˌluːdiˈɑːnə/ (also Ludhyana; Punjabi: ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center of northern India. Residents of the city may be referred to as Ludhianvis.[citation needed]
Ludhiana is located 100 km west from state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1 from Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar, and is well connected to New Delhi by road, frequent train service and by air.
Ludhiana is a well known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U.S.
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Madhepura
Madhepura is a city and a municipality in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. Madhepura as it stands now was carved out of Saharsa district and got the status of revenue district on 9 May 1981. Prior to that, Madhepura was a sub-division under Bhagalpur district with effect from 3 September 1845. Subsequently, it was on 1 April 1954 that Saharsa district was carved out of Bhagalpur district.
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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.
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Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu with a population of over 1 million (according to the 2001 census). Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The city is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District. The capital of the Pandyan kingdom was initially Korkai, around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunj Cheliyan I. Madurai is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and Madurai Nayak kings in the Dravidian style of architecture. It is also one of India's most prominent Hindu pilgrimage centres.
Madurai is also called as City of Junction (Koodal nagaram), City of Jasmine (Malligai maanagar), Temple city (Koil maanagar), City that never sleeps (Thoonga nagaram) and City of four junctions (Naanmada koodal).
Madurai's recorded history goes back to the 3rd century BC and the city is mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India and Kautilya, the minister of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The city was the principal administrative and cultural centre of the Pandyan dynasty which ruled over the southern parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala till the first half of the 14th century AD. In about 1311, the Pandyan dynasty was overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate which established the province of Ma'bar which later became independent as the Ma'bar Sultanate. When the Ma'bar Sultanate began to decline in the latter years of the 14th century, Madurai was absorbed into the Vijayanagar Empire. The viceroys of the Vijayanagar Empire established the Madurai Nayak kingdom and ruled as independent kings from 1559 to 1736. After a brief period of occupation by Chanda Sahib and the Carnatic kingdom, Madurai was annexed by the British East India Company in 1801.
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Maharajganj district
Maharajganj district (Hindi: महाराजगंज जिला) is one of the 71 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India, and the town of Maharajganj is the district headquarters.
District Magistrate : Sri Pranjal Yadav (IAS).
Ths district is bounded by Nepal on the south, Kushinagar district on the east, Gorakhpur district on the south and Siddharthnagar and Sant Kabir Nagar districts in the west. This district is part of Gorakhpur Division. The district covers an area of 2,951 km². The district has a population of 2,173,878 (2001 Census).
This district was carved out from the erstwhile Gorakhpur district on 2 October 1989.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Maharajganj one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Maharajganj district comprises 4 tehsils: Maharajganj Sadar, Nautanwa, Nichlaul and Pherada. Maharajganj Sadar tehsil has 4 community development blocks: Maharajganj, Ghughali, Paniara and Partawal. Nautanwa tehsil consists 2 community development blocks: Ratanpur and Laxmipur. Nichlaul tehsil has 3 community development blocks: Nichlaul, Mithaura and Siswa. Pherada tehsil also has 3 community development blocks: Bridgmanganj, Dhani and Pheranda. The number of villages in this district is 1258.There are 13 (thirteen) Police Station (P.S.) in Maharajganj district. There are given below 1. Pharenda 2. Nautanwa 3. Purandarpur 4. Kothibhar 5. Thuthibari Kotwali 6. Kolhui 7. Brijmanganj 8. Shyamdeurawa 9. Parsamalik 10. Bargadawa 11. Paniyara 12. Chauk 13. Sonauli Kotwali
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Mahasamund
Mahasamund is a city and a municipality in Mahasamund District in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is the administrative headquarters of Mahasamund District.The present Mayor (Nagar Palika) is Dr. Vimal Chopra. The present collector is SMT. Niharika Barik Sigh
Mahasamund is located at 21°06′N 82°06′E / 21.1°N 82.1°E / 21.1; 82.1. It has an average elevation of 318 metres (1043 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Mahasamund had a population of 47,203. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mahasamund has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 61%. In Mahasamund, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Mahendragarh
Mahendragarh is a town and a municipal committee in Mahendragarh district in the north Indian state of Haryana.
Mahendragarh is located at 28°17′N 76°09′E / 28.28°N 76.15°E / 28.28; 76.15. It has an average elevation of 262 metres (859 feet).It is bounded on the north by Bhiwani and Rohtak districts, on the east by Rewari district and Alwar district of Rajasthan, on the south by Alwar, Jaipur and Sikar districts of Rajasthan, and on the west by Sikar and Jhunjhunu districts of Rajasthan. It has 2 tehsils of Narnaul and Mahendergarh.
It is named after Maharaj Mahendra singh who was the rular during the Mughal era. It is situated at the bank of Dohan river (which was a seasonal river),which is at the verge of extinction.
Mahendragarh is emerging as the new education hub of haryana with several high standard schools and colleges including engineering college. Also the Central University is opening shortly here.
Central University has been started in Mahendergarh, Village-Pali at present classes are being held at Narnaul B.Ed. Campus. which is a Government College.
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Mahoba
Mahoba (Hindi: महोबा, Urdu: مہوبا) is a city and Mahoba District of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, in the Bundelkhand region. Mahoba is known for its closeness to Khajuraho, Laundi and other historic places like Kulpahar, Charkhari, Kalinjar, Orchha, and Jhansi. The town is connected with railways and state highways.
Mahoba was the capital of the Chandel Rajputs, who ruled Bundelkhand from the 10th to the 16th centuries. The Chandel king Vijaypal (1035–1045) built the Vijay-sagar reservoir, one of several artificial lakes in Mahoba created by the Chandel rulers. During the reign of king Paramardi (c. 1165-?), the Chauhan king Prithviraj III of Delhi and Ajmer captured Mahoba c. 1182, despite the resistance of his generals Alha & Udal. The Chandelas recaptured Mahoba a few years later, but the city was captured by the Muslim general Qutb-ud-din Aybak, later Sultan of Delhi, in 1203.
The Chandel ruler Keerat Pal Singh recaptured Mahoba in the 14th century. Emperor Sher Shah Suri campaigned against the Chandelas, and captured Mahoba before dying while besieging Kalinjar in 1545. The Mughal emperor Akbar captured Mahoba a few decades later.
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Mahoba district
Mahoba district (Hindi: महोबा जिला) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India and Mahoba town is the district headquarters. Mahoba district is a part of Chitrakoot Division. The district occupies an area of 2884 km². It has a population of 876,055 (2011 census). As of 2011 it is the least populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71).
This district was carved out from the erstwhile Hamirpur district on 11 February 1995 by separating the erstwhile Mahoba tehsil from it. It is also known as Mahoutsav-Nagar, means city of festival. in mahoba alha-udal lives & they fight against prathviraj chauhan and both of them win to chauhan and save our place mahoba so alha is the most powerful men of mahoba and anyone can not defeated.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Mahoba one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Mahoba is 140 km from Jhansi and associated with the Chandela kings who ruled over Bundelkhand between the 9th and the 11th centuries. The Chandelas, who are best remembered for the now world-famous temples they built at Khajuraho, were also great warriors. At Mahoba, the impregnable hilltop fort and the lakes they created are considered engineering feats and their water management systems can still be seen. Mahoba was also a great cultural center. Ballads praise its days of glory and narrate the inspiring saga of Alha and Udal, two brothers who sacrificed their lives for the honor of their land.
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Mainpuri
Mainpuri (Hindi: मैनपुरी, Urdu: میںپوری) is a city and a municipal board in Mainpuri district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Mainpuri district and is situated to the north-east of Agra.
Mainpuri is located at 27°14′N 79°01′E / 27.23°N 79.02°E / 27.23; 79.02. It has an average elevation of 153 metres (501 ft).
As of 2001[update] India census, Mainpuri had a population of 89,535. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mainpuri has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 64%. In Mainpuri, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. People speak Kannauji and BrijBhasha in day to day communication. Some very popular markets include Laneganj, Devi Road, Old Tehsil Road, Agra Road etc. known for Agro Commodities, handicrafts etc. Mainpuri today has population of over 1 Lakh in city and over 15 Lakhs as District. In Mainpuri district rajputs are in majority.
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Mainpuri district
Mainpuri district (Urdu: मैनपुरी ज़िला, Urdu: میںپوری ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Mainpuri town is the district headquarters. Mainpuri district is a part of Agra division.
According to the 2011 census Mainpuri district has a population of 1,847,194, roughly equal to the nation of Kosovo or the US state of West Virginia. This gives it a ranking of 255th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 670 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,700 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.69 %. Mainpuri has a sex ratio of 876 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 78.26 %.
Coordinates: 27°10′N 79°00′E / 27.167°N 79°E / 27.167; 79
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Malappuram
Malappuram is a city in the southern Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 33.61 km2. The first Municipality in the district formed in the year 1970, Malappuram serves as the administrative headquarters of Malappuram district. Divided into 40 electoral wards, city has a density of population of 1478 per km2. As per the 2011 census Malappuram Urban Agglomeration is the fourth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala state with a total population of 16,98,645. Malappuram, in malayalam, means 'On top of the hills'. Malappuram is situated 50 km southeast of Kozhikode and 90 km northwest of Palakkad on the Kozhikode (Calicut) - Chennai road (NH 213) which joins NH 47 in Palakkad.
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Mandla
Mandla (Hindi: मंडला) is a city and a municipality in Mandla district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandla District. The town is picturesquely situated in a loop of the Narmada River, which surrounds it on three sides, and for 15 miles between Mandla and Ramnagar the river flows in a deep bed unbroken by rocks. The Narmada is worshipped here, and many beautiful ghats have been constructed on the banks of the river.
The city was a capital of the Gond dynasty who built a palace and a fort, which in the absence of proper care have gone to ruins.
Mandla was called as Mahishmati nagari before 1500A.D.Gond queen,Rani Durgawati ruled Mandla province and fought against Akbar her valiant effort to save her kingdom is still subject of folklore. Rani Avanti bai of ramnagar later fought with British to save her kingdom from annexation. The Gond-Rajput dynasty of Garha-Mandla commenced, according to an inscription in the palace of Ramnagar, in the fifth century, with the accession of Jadho Rai, a Rajput adventurer who entered the service of an old Gond king, married his daughter, and succeeded him to the throne. Alexander Cunningham placed the date two centuries later in 664 . The Garha-Mandla kingdom was a petty local chiefship until the accession of Sangram Sah, the forty-seventh king, in 1480. This prince extended his dominions over the Narmada Valley, and possibly Bhopal, Sagar, and Damoh and most of the Satpura hill country, and left fifty-two forts or districts to his son. In addition to Mandla, Jabalpur and Garha in Jabalpur District and Ramnagar in Mandla District served at times as capitals of the kingdom.
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Mandsaur
Mandsaur or Mandsour (Hindi:मन्दसौर/मंदसौर) is a city in the Malwa region and district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandsaur District.
The name Mandsaur evolved from Marhsaur, which originated from Marh and Saur (or Dasaur), two of the villages which merged in the town.[citation needed]The town was known as Dashapura in ancient times. The area was ruled by Dasharna people during Mahabharata period. It is probably Dasharna janapada which gave name Dashpur to the Mandsaur town.
The Mahabharata Book 2: Sabha Parva SECTION XXXI locates Trigartas along with Dasharnas, the Sivis, the Amvashtas, the Malavas, the five tribes of the Karnatas around Rohtak in Haryana as under:
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Mathura
Mathura ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located approximately 50 km north of Agra, and 145 km south-east of Delhi; about 11 kilometers from the town of Vrindavan and 22 kilometers from Govardhan. It is the administrative centre of Mathura District of Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient period, Mathura was an economic hub, located at the junction of important caravan routes. Today, it is a fast expanding city with over 2.5 million residents.
Mathura is the birthplace of Lord Krishna at the centre of Braj or Brij-bhoomi, called Shri Krishna Janma-Bhoomi, literally: 'Lord Krishna's birth place'. The Keshav Dev Temple was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna's legendary birthplace (an underground prison). According to the Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana epics, Mathura was the capital of the Surasena Kingdom, ruled by Kansa the maternal uncle of Shri Krishna.
Mathura has an ancient history. According to the Archeological Survey of India plaque at the Mathura Museum, the city is mentioned in the oldest Indian epic, the Ramayana. In the epic, the Ikshwaku prince Shatrughna slays a demon called Lavanasura and claims the land. Afterwards, the place came to be known as Madhuvan as it was thickly wooded, then Madhupura and later Mathura. The demon that Shatrughan killed in Ramayana, Lavanasura was the progeny of a devout king Madhu who gets Lord Shiva's Trident in a boon in the Puranas. The Puranas ascribe the founding of the city to Ayu, the son of Pururavas and the celestial nymph Urvashi. The city might also have got its name from a famous Yadav king Madhu who reigned around 1,600 BCE.[citation needed]
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Mathura district
Mathura District (Hindi: मथुरा ज़िला, Urdu: متھرا ضلع) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. The historic town of Mathura is the district headquarters.
The district is bounded on the northeast by Aligarh District, on the southeast by Hathras District, on the south by Agra District, and on the west by Rajasthan and northwest by Haryana state. The district is part of Agra division.
The district comprises several smaller units, called Tahsils. - Gokul - Raya
Other notable places in Mathura District -
According to the 2011 census Mathura district has a population of 2,541,894, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 167th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 761 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,970 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.53 %. Mathura has a sex ratio of 858 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 72.65 %.
Languages spoken include Agariya, an Austro-Asiatic tongue with approximately 72 000 speakers.
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Mau
Mau (Hindi: मऊ, Urdu: مئو maū), formerly Mau Nath Bhanjan (Hindi: मऊनाथ भंजन, Urdu: مئو نات بنجن), nearly 90 km from Varanasi is the powerhouse of textile weavers in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.It is divided into 4 tahsils , 9 blocks,596 gram panchayats and 1644 villages It is a small industrial town on the banks of Ghaghra (Saryu). The Tamasa river flows through the city. The credit of converting this city to a district goes to the (late) Kalpnath Rai (former MP for Ghosi). In 1960s it was the biggest supplier of a plant called plash.
Many myths are popular regarding history of Mau district. Popular opinion has it that the name Mau is considered to be derived from a bhojpuri word meaning "shiv and girja " (Hindi: garh, padav, chhavani). this is asur area asur mean dev generate lipi (language) Devnagri Lipi.
District Mau are part district Azamgarh. That the region including this district was inhabited in ancient times is testified by the presence of old indigenous people like Bhars or Rajbhars, Soeris and Cherus who possibly represent the descendants of the aborigines of this area. Vestiges of numerous embankmerts, tanks, caverns and stone forts are found in this district which still bear out their energy and skill. According to a local tradition, the country of the Bhars, which was included in the kingdom of Ayodhya in Rama's time, was occupied by Rajbhars and Asuras. The Bhars have left behind them large mud forts of which specimens may be seen at ghosi are asur mud forts bhar.
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Mau district
Mau district (Hindi: मऊ ज़िला, Urdu: مئو ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India and Mau town is the district headquarters. Mau district is a part of Azamgarh Division. Mau district is situated in the south-eastern part of the state with headquarters at Mau town. The district is surrounded by Ghazipur district on the south, Ballia district in the east and Azamgarh district in the west.and north side surrounded by Gorkhpur .Varansi touches some area in south side.The river Ghagra forms its northern boundary and south boundary touch Tamsa river.
According to the 2011 census Mau district has a population of 2,205,170, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 206th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,287 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,330 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.94 %. Mau has a sex ratio of 978 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 75.16 %.
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Meerut
Meerut (Hindi: मेरठ, Urdu: میرٹھ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization having been found in and around the area. The city lies 70 km (43 mi) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km (281 mi) northwest of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the largest being Delhi), the 16th largest metropolitan area and 25th largest city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and 242 in 2010 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world. The city covers an area of about 172 km2 (66 sq mi) while the total area is 198 km2 (76 sq mi), third largest in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur and Lucknow . It has the 2nd largest army cantonment in the country.[citation needed] The city is one of the largest producers of sports goods, and the largest producer of musical instruments in India. The city is also an education hub in western Uttar Pradesh.
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Mirzapur
Mirzapur pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: मिर्ज़ापुर, Urdu: مرزا پور) is a city in the heart of North India, nearly 650 km between Delhi and Kolkata and also equidistant from Allahabad and Varanasi. Located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Mirzapur has a population of 233,691 (2011 census) and is renowned for its famous carpet and brassware industry. It is a city with several spots around it including many hills such as Rajdari, Devdari, Lakhaniyadari, and Windom fall range and Sirshi. It is the headquarter of Mirzapur District.
Indian Standard Time is calculated from the clock tower in Mirzapur which is nearly exactly on the reference longitude of Indian Standard Time at 82.5°, within 4 angular minutes, a property shared by Tuni, a town in Andhra Pradesh.
Reports suggest that Mirzapur was a commercial city, being situated on the banks of the river Ganges. These reports are backed by the Naar Ghat, a carved stone with rates of toll taxes of Ashokan times inscribed on it. Most of the city was established by British officers, and so places are named after Britons like Wellesleyganj (Lord Wellesley), Mukeri Bazar (Lord Mercury), Dankeen Ganj (Mr. Danseen), and a famous waterfall of the city, Windham Water Fall (Mr. Windham). The Municipal Corporation building was also built by the British Government.
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Mirzapur district
Mirzapur district (Hindi: मीरज़ापुर ज़िला, Urdu: مرزا پور ضلع) is one of the 70 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The district is bounded on the north by Sant Ravidas Nagar and Varanasi districts, on the east by Chandauli district, on the south by Sonbhadra district and on the norhwest by Allahabad district. The district occupies an area of 4521 km2. Mirzapur town is the district headquarters. Mirzapur district is a part of Mirzapur division. This district is known for the Vindhyavasini temple in Vindhyachal. It consist of several Ghats where historical sculptures are still present. During the Ganges festival these Ghats are decorated with lights and diyas. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
The district consists four Tahsils. These are Mirzapur (sadar), Lalganj, Marihan and Chunar. These four tahsils are further divided into twelve blocks.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Mirzapur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
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Moradabad
Moradabad pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: मुरादाबाद, Urdu: مراد آباد) is a city and a municipal corporation in Moradabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1600 by prince Murad, the son of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan; as a result the city came to be known as "Moradabad". It is the administrative headquarters of Moradabad District. According to the government of India, the district Moradabad is one of several Muslim majority districts on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators.
Moradabad is situated at a distance of 167 km (104 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi, on the banks of the Ramganga River (a tributary of the Ganges). The city is famous for its huge export of brass handicrafts to North America, Europe and all over the world, and is also thus called "Brass City" or Peetal Nagri (in the local language). The city has the distinction of being the biggest exporter of handicrafts in the country. Moradabad is India's world's largest producer of Bangles.[citation needed]
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Morena
Morena is a city and a municipality in Morena district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is also known as Muraina and is the administrative headquarters of Morena District and of Chambal Division. It is 39 km away from Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. Morena is often mentioned in the popular Indian television series Miley Jab Hum Tum, as the place the two female protagonists hail from. Paan Singh Tomar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paan_Singh_Tomar) was born and lived in Bhidausa, Morena; the fact highlighted in the famous movie Paan Singh Tomar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paan_Singh_Tomar_(film)).
Morena is located at 26°30′N 78°00′E / 26.5°N 78.0°E / 26.5; 78.0. It has an average elevation of 177 metres (580 feet).
It is connected by rail and national highway with Gwalior and Agra. Oilseed milling and cotton weaving are the chief industries. The city has three colleges affiliated with Jiwaji University. The surrounding region was formerly occupied by Sheopur and Tonwarghar princely states. The lower Chambal River basin consists of an alluvial tract in the north, cut by numerous ravines, and a forested area toward the south. Wheat and oilseeds are the main crops; building stone is quarried. Morena is known for peacocks (150,959 in 2001).
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Mughal empire
The Mughal Empire, Shahan-e-Gurkhani, Shahan-e-Mughal, Sultanate-e-Mughliya, Daulat-e-Mughliya (Persian: شاهان گورکانی Shāhān-e Gūrkānī; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت; self-designation: گوركانى Gūrkānī ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. According to "Babur-Nama", Kazakh tribal aristocracy along with number of other Turkic soldiers participated actively in the campaign of Babur, which made great influence over the development of Mughal Empire. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire, Shahan-e-Gurkhani, Shahan-e-Mughal, Sultanate-e-Mughliya, Daulat-e-Mughliya (Persian: شاهان گورکانی Shāhān-e Gūrkānī; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت; self-designation: گوركانى Gūrkānī ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. According to "Babur-Nama", Kazakh tribal aristocracy along with number of other Turkic soldiers participated actively in the campaign of Babur, which made great influence over the development of Mughal Empire. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Munger
Munger (Hindi: मुंगेर) (Urdu: مگیر )town is the headquarters of Munger district, in the Indian state of Bihar. Historically, Munger is known for its manufacturing of iron articles such as firearms and swords. One of the major institutions in Munger is Bihar School of Yoga. It is one of the foremost learning center in the world for Yoga and frequented by people all over the globe. Munger is situated on the banks of the Ganges and known for its pleasant bathing ghats.
It has been identified with Mod-Giri a place mentioned in the Mahabharata was the kingdom of Raja Karna.However the first historical account of the district appears in the Travels of HIUEN TSIANG,a famous Chinese traveller.Munger came again into Prominence in 1762 when Kasim Ali Khan made it his capital instead of Murshidbad in Bengal.
Manufacturing Gun at Munger is more than 200 years old story.During the First World War period the Munger gun manufacturers came in to the prominence and production of cartridge gun was developed. Munger was perhaps the only city in India where guns manufacturers took shape of a cottage industry and become a popular profession.During Indo-China War of 1962 the defense ministry was in need of 410 bore Muscat which was prepared by Munger Gun Factory.
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Musamman Burj
Coordinates: 27°10′44.04″N 78°1′24.96″E / 27.1789°N 78.0236°E / 27.1789; 78.0236
Musamman Burj also known as the Saman Burj or the Shah-burj, is a beautiful octagonal tower standing close to the Shah Jahan's private hall Diwan-e-Khas in Agra Fort.
Musamman Burj was built by Shah Jahan for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is said that at first a small marble palace built by Akbar was situated at this site, which was later demolished by Jehangir to erect new buildings. Shah Jahan in his turn chose this site to erect the multi-storied marble tower inlaid with precious stones for Mumtaz Mahal. It was built between 1631-40 and offers exotic views of the famous Taj Mahal.
The Musamman Burj is made of delicate marble lattices with ornamental niches so that the ladies of the court could gaze out unseen. The decoration of the walls is pietra dura. The chamber has a marble dome on top and is surrounded by a verandah with a beautiful carved fountain in the center.
The tower looks out over the River Yamuna and is traditionally considered to have one of the most poignant views of the Taj Mahal. It is here that Shah Jahan along with his favorite daughter Jahanara Begum had spent his last few years as a captive of his son Aurangzeb. He lay here on his death bed while gazing at the Taj Mahal in Agra.
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Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar (Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर, Urdu: مظفر نگر pronunciation (help·info)) is a major city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was established in Mughal period by a Sayyid Jagirdar, Munawar Lashkar Ali, and so named in honour of his father, Muzaffar Ali Khan. It is the headquarters of the Muzaffarnagar district. It is a major steel and sugar manufacturing hub of northern India. Many popular farmer leaders come from Muzaffarnagar. Mahendra Singh Tikait, also known as the second 'messiah' of farmers after Late Prime Minister of India Chaudhary Charan Singh belongs from Muzaffarnagar.
It is situated midway on Delhi and Dehradun National Highway (NH 58), the city is also well connected with the national railway network.
Muzaffarnagar lies in the Doab region in the Western Uttar Pradesh and hence is a city in the middle of one of the most fertile farming land in the India. It has one of the biggest jaggery trading markets in whole of Asia. Jaggery is also exported from Muzaffarnagar to countries around Asia. Muzaffarnagar is the education hub for the nearby towns and villages. It is the most developing city of Western Uttar Pradesh after Meerut, Noida and Ghaziabad.
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Muzaffarpur
Muzaffarpur Town (Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर) pronunciation (help·info)) is a town in Muzaffarpur district in the eastern state of Bihar. It serves as the headquarters of Muzaffarpur district and Tirhut division.
Muzaffarpur, famous for Shahi lychees, is the largest city of northern Bihar. It is situated on the banks of the perennial Burhi Gandak River, which flows from the Someshwar Hills [2] of Himalayas. Muzaffarpur is one of the many gateways to Nepal. Clothes and food-grains are traded between Nepal and Muzaffarpur.
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Nagaur
Nagaur is a city in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. It was founded by the Naga Kshatriyas.
Nagaur is referred to in the Mahabharata. The kingdom of Ahichhatrapur which Arjuna is said to have conquered and subsequently offered to his Guru Dronacharya, was perhaps some of the area of the Nagaur district. It was the capital of Jangaldesh. The foundation of city dates back to 4th century BC. Nagas originally ruled over this place and about 7th century onwards the Chauhans became the overlords of Nagaur and it was included in Sapadalaksha.
Nagaur city was at the centre of Muslim invasion from Central Asia. The Nagaur fort is of historical importance.
After independence, Nagaur had the honour of being selected as the place in the country from where the Democratic Decentralisation process was launched by the late Shri Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India on the 2 October 1959.
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Nagda
Nagda (Hindi: नागदा) is a city in Ujjain district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is an industrial town in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh and is situated on the bank of Chambal River.
The name of the town was actually nag-dah which means cremation/burning (dah) of snakes (nag). The ancient city was developed by king Janmejay. Janmejay was a Hindu King of Pandava Dynasty. Nagda was mentioned in the literature of Kalidasa. Presently, Nagda is a major industrial town having manufacturing unit of Viscose fibre, thermal power plant and a chemical plant, It is a major ISO granted railway junction on the Delhi-Mumbai railway line.It is exactly 694 km from both delhi as well as mumbai.
Prior to being an industrial town, Nagda was a small village. The location near river Chambal and availability of acres of land attracted Ghanshyam Das Birla to set up a major facility. Today Nagda is one of the largest viscose staple fiber manufacturers in Asia.
(1735 ft) above sea level. Name of Famous Colonies: 7.Dayanand Colony 1. Aadi Nath Colony 2. Amlavdiya Road 3. Baadi Pura 4. BCI STAFF COLONY 5. Birlagram Labour Colony 6. Chambal Marg 7. Chandrashekhar Marg 8. Durgapura Labour Chemical Colony 9. Durgapura 10.Government Colony 11.Grasim ABC Line 12.Grasim Chemical Staff Colony 13.Grasim Staff Colony 14.Gujjar Mohalla 15.Housing board 16.Indrapuri Colony 17.Indu Colony 18.Ingoriya Road 19.Jabaran Colony 20.Jawahar Marg 21.Jiwajee Nagar Colony 22.Kota Fatak 23.Mahatma Gandhi Marg 24.Mahavir Nagar 25.Mehatwas 26.Mehidpur Road 27.MG Road 28.Mirchi Bazar 29.Nai Delhi 30.Oza Colony 31.Paliya Road 32.Patel Gali 33.Police line 34.Prakash Nagar Colony 35.Shri Ram Colony 36.Sindi Colony 37.Singapore City 38.Station Choraha 39.Bhargava Colony
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Nagpur
Nāgpur ( pronunciation (help·info) English: Nagpore) is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. With a population of 2,405,421 (2011) Nagpur Metropolitan Area is the 13th largest urban conglomeration in India. It has also recently been ranked as the cleanest city and the second greenest city of India after Bangalore. In addition to being the seat of annual winter session of Maharashtra state assembly "Vidhan Sabha", [Nagpur] is also a major commercial and political center of the Vidarbha region of [Maharashtra], and is also famous throughout the country as "Orange City" for being a major trade center of oranges that are cultivated in the region. In addition, the city also derives political importance from being the headquarters for the Hindu nationalist organisation RSS and an important location for the Dalit Buddhist movement.
Nagpur lies precisely at the center of the country with the Zero Mile Marker indicating the geographical center of India. The city was founded by the Gonds but later became part of the Maratha Empire under the Bhonsles. The British East India Company took over Nagpur in the 19th century and made it the capital of the Central Provinces and Berar. After the first reorganisation of states, the city lost its capital status but according to the informal "Nagpur Pact" between political leaders it was made the second capital of Maharashtra. Nagpur is also declared, "Tiger Capital of India " as it connects many Tiger Reserves in India to the world.
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Nainana Jat
Nainana Jat is a census town in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Nainana Jat had a population of 9650. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Nainana Jat has an average literacy rate of 38%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 47%, and female literacy is 26%. In Nainana Jat, 23% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 27°07′15″N 77°59′45″E / 27.12083°N 77.99583°E / 27.12083; 77.99583
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Nainital
Nainital pronunciation (help·info)(Hindi: नैनीताल) is a popular hill station in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and headquarters of Nainital district in the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas. Situated at an altitude of 2,084 metres (6,837 ft) above sea level, Nainital is set in a valley containing a pear-shaped lake, approximately two miles in circumference, and surrounded by mountains, of which the highest are Naina (2,615 m (8,579 ft)) on the north, Deopatha (2,438 m (7,999 ft)) on the west, and Ayarpatha (2,278 m (7,474 ft)) on the south. From the tops of the higher peaks, "magnificent views can be obtained of the vast plain to the south, or of the mass of tangled ridges lying north, bounded by the great snowy range which forms the central axis of the Himalayas.".
Nainital is located at 29°23′N 79°27′E / 29.38°N 79.45°E / 29.38; 79.45. It has an average elevation of 2,084 metres (6,837 feet).
Nainital has temperate summers, maximum temperature 27 °C (81 °F); minimum temperature 7 °C (45 °F), during which its population increases more than fivefold with an annual influx of tourists predominantly from the plains of Northern India. In the winter, Nainital receives snowfall between December and February with the temperatures varying between a maximum of 15 °C (59 °F) and a minimum of −3 °C (27 °F).
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Nalanda
Nālandā was an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar, India. The site of Nalanda is located in the Indian state of Bihar, about 88 kilometers south east of Patna, and was a Buddhist center of learning from the fifth or sixth century CE to 1197 CE. It has been called "one of the first great universities in recorded history". Nalanda flourished between the reign of the Śakrāditya (whose identity is uncertain and who might have been either Kumara Gupta I or Kumara Gupta II) and 1197 CE, supported by patronage from the Hindu Gupta rulers as well as Buddhist emperors like Harsha and later emperors from the Pala Empire.
The complex was built with red bricks and its ruins occupy an area of 14 hectares. At its peak, the university attracted scholars and students from as far away as Tibet, China, Greece, and Persia. Nalanda was ransacked and destroyed by Turkic Muslim invaders under Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193. The great library of Nalanda University was so vast that it is reported to have burned for three months after the invaders set fire to it, ransacked and destroyed the monasteries, and drove the monks from the site. In 2006, Singapore, China, India, Japan, and other nations, announced a proposed plan to restore and revive the ancient site as Nalanda International University.
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Narayanpur
Narayanpur (Assamese: নাৰায়ণপুৰ) is a town located in Lakhimpur district of the north eastern Indian state Assam. It falls under Bihpuria constituency of Assam Legislative Assembly and under Narayanpur Police Station. Narayanpur is also the name of the development block.
Narayanpur is a small town, situated at the coordinates 26°59'47"N and 93°53'49"E. It is about 54 km to the west of the district headquarter North Lakhimpur. Nearby towns are- Bihpuria to the east, Bandardewa to the north and Gohpur to the west.
Narayanpur is connected by National Highway NH-52 to the district headquarters North Lakhimpur (about 54 km) and state capital Guwahati (about 337 km). Its is also connected by North East Frontier Railway to North Lakhimpur and Guwahati. Nearest Railway station is at Tatibahar (about 3 km). Nearest airport is Lilabari (IATA: IXI, ICAO: VELR) (about 58 km).
Narayanpur, originally known as Bor-Narayanpur (great Narayanpur) is a historical place since Ahom Kingdom. Narayanpur was earlier known as Bor-Nararayanpur. It was extended up to the Kolabari region of Sonitpur district. Various history writers had different views regarding the origin of the place as well as the origin of its name. Archeologist Raja Ram Mohan Roy in this book “The background of Assamese Culture”, has described Narayanpur as a temporary capital of the Kalita King Satyanarayan. According to J. P. Wade, “Narayanpur is thirty miles in length and fifteen miles in breadth. This district is situated on the bank of Pichala river and Colabari of Zokai chook.” (An Account of Assam, Page no 35) Some others have the view that Koch King Naranarayan used this place as a garrison, that’s why the name became Narayanpur. The Tai Khamtis, a tribe belonging to the great Tai race, migrated to Assam in the middle part of 18th century. They have their own script and a well developed language including innumerable literary works.
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Narsinghpur
Narsinghpur or Narsimhapur is a town in Madhya Pradesh in central India. It is the capital of the Narsinghpur District.
Narsinghpur has a large temple dedicated to Lord Narsingh, constructed by Jat Sardar in the 18th century. The Khirwar clan of Jats came from Brij and founded Narsinghpur, where they ruled for many years. Khirwars of Narsinghpur were followers of Narsingh, and so constructed two temples dedicated to Narsingh Avatar.
There are a number sites of interest to archaeologists in the area, as the area has been inhabited since the second century AD, according to historical documents from that time. Narsinghpur has a number of sacred sites, including a nearby cave associated with Adi Guru Shankracharya's place of meditations and studies.
This area was under the rule of Satvahans from the second to fourth centuries AD, after which time it was under the Gupts when Samudra Gupt extended the borders of his kingdom. There is some historical evidence for Padi rule. There is no record of this area until the 9th century, when the Kalchuri kingdom was established. The Kalchuri capital was near the Narmada river, later established at Tripuri.
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Nashik
Nashik or Nasik (Marathi: नाशिक ) ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a city in Maharashtra, India. Nashik is located in the northwest of Maharashtra, 180 km from Mumbai and 202 km from Pune. Nashik is the administrative headquarters of Nashik district and Nashik Division. Nashik, which has been referred to as the "Wine Capital of India", or as India’s Napa Valley, is located in the Western Ghats, on the western edge of the Deccan peninsula on the banks of the Godavari. In addition to supplying the name to the famed Nassak Diamond, the city is known for its picturesque surroundings and pleasant climate. The Godavari River flows through Nashik from its source, which lies to the southwest of the city, in Trimbakeshwar . Nashik Urban Agglomeration (Nashik UA) has a (projected year 2008) population of 1,620,000 and a total area of 264.23 km² which makes it the fourth largest urban area in Maharashtra in terms of population. Nashik is the third most industrialized city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune .
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Navi Mumbai
Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: Navi Muṃbaī, English: New Mumbai) is a Planned Satellite City on the west coast of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was developed in 1972 as a twin city of Mumbai, and is the largest planned city on the planet, with 163 square kilometres (63 sq mi) under the jurisdiction of the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) and a total area of 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi). Navi Mumbai lies on the mainland on the eastern shore of Thane Creek. The city limits stretch from Airoli near Thane in the north, to Uran in the south. The length of the city is almost the same as that of Mumbai. The Vashi and the Airoli Bridges connect Navi Mumbai to Mumbai. A new link between Nerul and Uran is under construction. The costliest real estate and most highly developed areas of Navi Mumbai are Vashi and Nerul, while Kharghar and Panvel are experiencing major infrastructural developments due to their proximity to the proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport. Vashi is known as the king of Navi Mumbai while Nerul is called the queen of Navi Mumbai. Navi Mumbai has a population of 11,19,477 (1,119,477) according to the 2011 census of India.
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Nawada
Nawada is a city and a municipality. It is also the headquarters of Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar.
Nawada is located at 24°53′N 85°32′E / 24.88°N 85.53°E / 24.88; 85.53. It has an average elevation of 80 metres (262 feet). It is divided into two blocks by the river, the Portion on the left bank being the older, while that on right bank is modern and Contains public offices, sub-jail, dispensary and schools.
As of 2001[update] census, Nawada municipality had a population of 81,891. The municipality had a sex ratio of 880 females per 1,000 males. Average literacy rate of Nawada district is 61.63 percent.
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Neemuch
Neemuch (Hindi: नीमच) or Nimach is a town in the Malwa region in state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Neemuch shares its north eastern border with state of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarters of Neemuch District. Nimach is an abbreviation of "North India Mounted Artillery & Cavalry Headquarters". Formerly a large British cantonment of Gwalior princely state, the town in 1822 became the headquarters of the combined Rajputana–Malwa political agency and of the Malwa Agency in 1895. It is a road junction and distribution centre for agricultural products. It is the birth place of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) in 1939. The town hosts a large scale recruit training center for CRPF, and still maintains Neemuch's British Military Cantonment, one of the first of its kind in India. Neemuch is known as India's Eye donation capital as it accounts for the highest per capita eye donation rate in the country. Neemuch has been known for the production of opium, through the government-owned Opium and Alkaloid Works. Handloom weaving is the major industry here. Cement industries and Soy oil plants are there in vicinity.
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New Delhi
New Delhii/ˈnjuː dɛli/ is the capital city of India. As the national capital, New Delhi is the seat of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the Government of India. It also serves as the centre of the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory.
The definition of New Delhi is unclear and the differentiation between Delhi and New Delhi is blurry. Even administratively, the demarcation between Delhi and New Delhi is not clear. Government of India and Government of Delhi have not clearly defined the area and boundaries of New Delhi. The boundaries of areas of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and New Delhi district of Delhi do not completely overlap. In 1920s, when British constructed New Delhi, there were only two Delhis' – the old walled city called Old Delhi and the new city designed by Edwin Lutyens to serve as capital of British India, which was called 'New Delhi'. The rest of Delhi was rural. But after independence as more and more areas around New Delhi urbanized they also became a part of New Delhi as they were also a part of Delhi which was 'new'. Now, almost all of National Capital Territory of Delhi, with exceptions of the old city called Old Delhi, Civil Lines area, Trans-Yamuna region, some rural areas and some underdeveloped parts of Delhi (e.g. Ashok Vihar, Timarpur, Nangloi, Sultanpuri, Mangolpuri, Badarpur etc.), is designated as 'New Delhi' in postal addresses. Especially, almost all the places in South, South-west, Central and West districts of Delhi are designated as New Delhi. Most of the time, the terms Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably.
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North Delhi
North Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.
North Delhi is bounded by the Yamuna River on the east, and by the districts of North West Delhi to the north and west, West Delhi to the southwest, Central Delhi to the south, and North East Delhi to the east across the Yamuna.
North Delhi has a population of 779,788 (2001 census), and an area of 60 km², with a population density of 13,019 persons per km².
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Sadar Bazar, Kotwali, and Civil Lines.
According to the 2011 census North Delhi has a population of 883,418 , roughly equal to the nation of Fiji or the US state of Delaware. This gives it a ranking of 468th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 14,973 inhabitants per square kilometre (38,780 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.04 %. North Delhi has a sex ratio of 871 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 86.81 %. North Delhi Is Dominated by jats they Have 70 villages in North Delhi .
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North East Delhi
North East Delhi is one of the nine administrative districts of Delhi, India. The District was established in 1997. North East Delhi borders Yamuna River on the west, Ghaziabad District to the north and east, East Delhi to the south, and North Delhi to the west across the Yamuna.
According to the 2011 census, North East Delhi had a population of 2,240,749, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia, or the United States state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 202nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 37,346 inhabitants per square kilometre (96,730 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 26.73%.North East Delhi has a sex ratio of 886 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 82.8%.
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North West Delhi
North West Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.
North West Delhi is bounded by the Yamuna River on the northeast, and by the districts of North Delhi to the east and southeast, West Delhi to the south, Jhajjar District of Haryana state to the west, Sonipat District of Haryana to the northwest and north, and Ghaziabad District of Uttar Pradesh state to the northeast across the Yamuna.
According to the 2011 census North West Delhi has a population of 3,651,261 , roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oklahoma. This gives it a ranking of 78th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 8,298 inhabitants per square kilometre (21,490 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 27.63 %. North West Delhi has a sex ratio of 862 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 84.66 %.
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Saraswati Vihar, Narela, and Model Town.Rohini is located in this district.
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Pakur
Pakur (previously known as Pakaur) is the district headquarters of Pakur District, Jharkhand state, India.
It is located in the north east corner of Jharkhand State: at 23°40' to 25°18' latitude and 86°25' to 87°57' E. longitude. Pakur is bordered by Sahibganj district in North, Dumka district in South, Godda district in West and Murshidabad and Birbhum districts (of the West Bengal) in the East. Pakur has an area of about 696 square kilometres and a population of 700,032 (2001 Census).
Pakur was earlier a Sub-Division of Santhal Parganas district of Bihar. It was upgraded to the status of district in 1994. Upon reorganization of Bihar state, India, in 2000 into two separate states, namely, Bihar and Jharkhand, Pakur district came under the administrative control of the Jharkhand state.
As of 2001[update] India census, Pakur had a population of 36,014. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Pakur has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 55%. In Pakur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Palamu district
Palamau is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India. The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
The town is named after Colonel Dalton, Commissioner of Chhota Nagpur in 1861.
The district lies between 23°50′ and 24°8′ north latitude and between 83°55′ and 84°30′ east longitude. It is bordered on the north by Son and Bihar rivers, on the east by the Chatra and Hazaribagh districts, on the south by Latehar District and on the west by Garhwa District.
The district covers an area of 5043.8 km² and has a population of 1,533,176. Daltonganj, situated on the North Koel river in the district headquarters.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Palamu one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
According to the 2011 census Palamu district has a population of 1,936,319, roughly equal to the nation of Lesotho or the US state of West Virginia. This gives it a ranking of 243rd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 381 inhabitants per square kilometre (990 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.94 %. Palamu has a sex ratio of 929 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 65.5 %.
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Pali district
Pali District (Rajasthani: पाली जिल्लौ) (Hindi: पाली ज़िला Pālī Zilā) is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Pali is the district headquarters.
During the Kushana Age, King Kanishka had conquered Rohat and Jaitaran area, parts of today's Pali district, in 120 AD. Till the end of seventh century A. D. this area was ruled by the Chalukya King Harshavardhana along with other parts of the present state of Rajasthan .
During the period from 10th to 15th century, boundaries of Pali extended to adjoining Mewar, Godwad and Marwar. Nadol was the capital of Chauhans. All Rajput rulers resisted the foreign invaders but individually fought for each other's land and leadership. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan, against Mohammed Gauri, the Rajput power of the area was disintegrated. Godwad area of Pali become the subjects of then ruler of Mewar, Maharana Kumbha. But Pali city which was ruled by Brahmin rulers with the patronage of neighbouring Rajput rulers, remained peaceful and progressive.
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Paliwal Park
K.D.Paliwal Park is located in the heart of Agra, India. It is spread over an area of around 70 acres (280,000 m2). It also has a small lake and has vast variety of trees.
Paliwal Park links the residential areas of Vijay Nagar & Gandhi Nagar to the financial Hub of the city i.e. Sanjay Place. A motorable path runs through the middle of the Paliwal Park.
Paliwal Park, during the British Raj was known as Hewitt Park, is now renamed in memory of Shri Krishna Datta Paliwal, Who was the first finance minister of Uttar Pradesh, when Shri Govind Ballabh Pant was the Chief Minister of U.P State.
Paliwal Park is surrounded by many educational institutes like the
St. John Library is also located here and one can find books on diverse topics here.
Many people come here for morning walk, as a result this place is full especially during the summer holidays when youngsters play all sort of different games. There is also a small lake here and one can do boating here.
Coordinates: 27°12′2″N 78°0′51″E / 27.20056°N 78.01417°E / 27.20056; 78.01417
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Palwal
Palwal (Hindi: पलवल) is a city and a municipal council. It is the headquarters of Palwal district, the 21st district of Haryana state in northern India
It is situated at a distance of 60 km from Delhi on the Delhi-Mathura highway. The latitude of the town is 28° 40' N and longitude is 76° 59' E. The area of town is 22.10 km².
It is a place of great antiquity, supposed to figure in the earliest Aryan traditions under the name of Apelava, part of the Pandava kingdom of Indraprastha, which was later restored by Vikramaditya.
Its importance is mainly historical, but it is a centre for the cotton trade in the area. It is the site of a Hindu temple called "Panchvati" which is a great symbol of the religion. Mahatama Gandhi was arrested for the first time at the Palwal station. Palwal Station Have Highest Numbers Of Platforms(8) In Whole Haryana. There are many hospitals like City hospital, Bagla Nursing Home, Manav Kalyan Ultrasound Centre. The Biggest Hospital in the region, Om Spero Hospital, is situated on National Highway-2.
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Panchkula
Panchkula (Hindi: पंचकुला़, Punjabi: ਪੰਚਕੁਲਾ) is a planned city in Panchkula district, Haryana, India. It is a satellite city of the Union Territory of Chandigarh. It also shares seamless border with Mohali district in Punjab. The prestigious Chandimandir Cantonment Headquarters of the Indian Army Western Command, is also located in Panchkula city. There are five towns in the Panchkula district, Pinjore, Kalka, Barwala, Panchkula and Raipur Rani. Morni is the only Hill station in Haryana. The estimated population of Panchkula city, in 2006, was 200,000. Panchkula and Mohali (in Punjab) are two satellite cities of Chandigarh. These three cities are collectively known as Chandigarh Tricity.
The origin of the name Panchkula is based on the five irrigation canals (or kuls as they were called, making it Panch Kul of five canals) that take water from the Ghaggar in the uphill section and distribute it from Nada Sahib to Mansa Devi. The Nada canal has now been eroded by the river and most of the kul's pass through the cantonement of Chandimandir towards Mansa Devi. The canals are a beautiful example of community property and are maintained by the villagers along the way, with distribution days decided. The canals were made by a ruler in the past, and follow the contours to take water to levels much higher than the river at the same spot.
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Panipat
Panipat pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: पानीपत) بَنِبَت is an ancient and historic city in Panipat district, Haryana state, India. It is 90 km north from Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH-1. The three battles fought at the city were turning points in Indian history. The city is famous in India by the name of "City of Weaver". The first verse of the Bhagavad Gita is possibly referencing to Panipat as 'Dharmakshetra'
According to the legend, Panipat was one of the five cities (prasthas) founded by the Pandava brothers during the times of the Mahabharata; its historic name being Panduprastha. Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in Indian history.
The First Battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi, Sultan of Delhi, and the Timurid warlord Zaheeruddin Babur. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers.This First battle of Panipat thus ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in India.
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Patna
Paṭnā /ˈpʌtnə/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second most populous city in Eastern India. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and during the Islamic period the seat of power for the Suri dynasty.
Pataliputra was also a seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide.
In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna in second place in India, after Delhi, in terms of the ease of starting a business. As at 2004-2005, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at Rs31,441. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Patna has been ranked as 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Patna registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.
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Pauri
Pauri (Hindi: पौड़ी) is a city and a municipal board in Pauri Garhwal district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
Pauri is located at 30°09′N 78°47′E / 30.15°N 78.78°E / 30.15; 78.78. It has an average elevation of 1,379 metres (4,524 feet).
The region has a sub-temperate to temperate climate, which remains pleasant throughout the year.The climate of Pauri is very cold in winter and pleasant in summer. In rainy season the climate is very cool & full of greeneries.
As of 2001[update] India census, Pauri had a population of 24,742. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Pauri has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 76%. In Pauri, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The language most commonly used in Pauri Garhwal is Garhwali.
Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College (GBPEC) is an autonomous State Government Higher Technical Institution. It was created in 1989 to honour the great Indian Freedom Fighter Padma Shri, Govind Ballabh Pant. The institute is located in serenity and purity of the Garhwal Himalayas, at a height of 1800m (approx 7000 ft.) above Sea Level and overlooks the Great Himalayan Range on its East flank. The college offers courses like Bachelor of Technology, Master of Technology and Master of Computer Applications. The college offers Mechanical Engineering,Electronics & Communication Engineering,Electrical Engineering,Computer Science & Engineering,Civil Engineering,Production Engineering and Biotechnology(from 2010).
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Pilibhit
Pilibhit (Hindi: पीलीभीत, Urdu: پیلی بھیت, historic name: Hafizabad) is a city and a municipal board in the Pilibhit district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Pilibhit is the north-eastern most district of Bareilly division, situated in the Rohilkhand region of the sub-Himalayan Plateau belt on the boundary of Nepal, known for the origin of river Gomati and one of the most forest-rich areas in North India. According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 20, page 144, issued by the Government of India, Pilibhit was once known as Hafizabad, derived from the name of the great Rohella leader of the area Hafiz Rahmat Khan, but eventually it took its present name from a nearby village. Pilibhit was also known as Bansuri Nagari - the land of flutes, for making and exporting roughly 95 per cent of India's flutes.
According to a report issued by the Government of India, Pilibhit is one of the Minority Concentrated Areas in India on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators. Though separated only by a short distance from the outer ranges of the Himalayas, Pilibhit consists entirely of a level plain, containing depressions but no hills and is intersected by several streams. Pilibhit is one of the forest rich areas of Uttar Pradesh, which has very high tourism potential. The almost 54 km-long Indo-Nepal international border makes Pilibhit a highly sensitive for security purposes. According an estimate by the Government of India, Pilibhit has 45.23% of its population living under the poverty line. Increasing population and unemployment is a cause of worry in the area, and many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and government-run organizations have initiated projects to provide employment, but human resources are yet to be exploited in full. The city came third-bottom in terms of hygiene and sanitation in a Government ranking list of 423 towns and cities in India.
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Pinahat
Pinahat (Formerly Shreenagar) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and situated on the Bank of Chambal River (The Ghadiyal Sanctuary). On 55 kms distance from Agra. There are many adventures to attract tourists in Pinahat. The distance between Pinahat and Chambal is only 2 kms.
At the 2001 India census, Pinahat had a population of 17,028. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Pinahat had an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 64%, and female literacy was 39%. In Pinahat, 20% of the population were under 6 years of age.
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Pithoragarh
Pithoragarh, (Devanagari: पिथौरागढ़) is a city with a Municipal Board in the Pithoragarh district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, was carved out of district of Almora in 1960.
Pithoragarh is located at 29°35′N 80°13′E / 29.58°N 80.22°E / 29.58; 80.22. It has an average elevation of 1,514 metres (4,967 feet).
Pithoragarh is a small town, which gives its name to the district. It lies in the centre of the western half of the Soar Valley which resembles the Kashmir valley on a miniature scale. It is prettily dotted with villages, generally placed on eminences. The view from some of the higher altitudes in Pithoragarh captures the snow-capped peaks of Panch Chulhi, Nanda Devi and Nanda Kot.
The town is set in a valley popularly known as "Soar" (root meaning is Cool) and lies in the centre of four hills Chandak, Dhwaj, Kumdar and Thal Kedar, and stretches in the southern flank to Jhulaghat demarcated by the Kali river adjoining the barren peaks of Nepal Hills. It is snuggled in the folds of four kots Bhatkot, Dungerkot, Udaikot and Unchakot.
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Pune
Pune, formerly Poona (pronounced [puɳeː] ( listen)), is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. Pune city is the administrative capital of Pune district.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Pune was originally called Punawadi. In 1730, Pune became an important political center as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara; it was during this era that Pune became the centre of Indian politics. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities and relative prosperity. Pune is the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Pune has well-established manufacturing, glass, sugar, and forging industries since the 1950-60s. It has a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district. The city is known for various cultural activities like classical music, spirituality, theatre, sports, and literature. These activities and job opportunities attract migrants and students from all over India and abroad, which makes for a city of many communities and cultures.
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Purnia
Purnia (also spelled Purnea) (Hindi: पूर्णिया) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in Purnia district of the Indian state of Bihar. It is located 300 km from Patna.
The Indian army, Border Security Force (BSF),and the SSB and the have bases around the city. The Purnea Airport, which serves the city, is located within the Indian Air Force's cantonment area.
The origin of the name appears to have different sources.
The name possibly originates from the Sanskrit word Purna–Aranya which stands for "complete jungle".
Purnia could be an altered form of the old name Purania, derived from the word purain or Lotus, which is said to have grown on the Kosi and Mahananda rivers. This derivation is stated by O'Malley[who?] and is also in the old gazetteer.[clarification needed][citation needed]
An alternative could be a derivation from the words Pur Aranya. W.W. Hunter and Buchanan[who?] have mentioned the name of Purnia,[clarification needed][citation needed] it being a forested area, using combination of the words purn and aranya (full and forest).
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Raebareli
Raebareli pronunciation (help·info)(Hindi: रायबरेली, Urdu: رائے بریلی, also Rae Bareli or Rai Bareli) is a city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Raebareli District.
The town is situated at the bank of the Sai River, 82 km (51 mi) southeast of Lucknow. It possesses many architectural features, chief of which is a strong and spacious fort erected in 1403. The fort was constructed of bricks 2 ft long by 1 ft (0.30 m) thick and 1.5 ft (0.46 m) wide (60 cm by 30 cm by 45 cm). Among other ancient buildings are the magnificent palace and tomb of nawab Jahan Khan, governor in the time of Shah Jahan, and four fine mosques.The most important town within the district is Lalganj which is the proposed site for the Railway Coach Factory. The factory is already underway with construction activities in full swing[when?] and locals expect to gain economically from it. The factory is expected to generate over 10,000 jobs.All India Institute Of Medical Sciences,National Food Park,National Institute Of Learning are also proposed in city.
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Raebareli district
Raebareli District (Hindi: रायबरेली ज़िला, Urdu: رائے بریلی ضلع) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Raebareli is the district headquarters. The district is part of Lucknow Division.
The district had an area of 1748 sq/m. The general aspect of the district is slightly undulating, and the country is beautifully wooded. The soil is remarkably fertile, and the cultivation of a high class. The principal rivers of the district are the Ganges and the Sai: the former skirts it for 54 miles and is everywhere navigable for boats of 40 tons; the latter traverses it from N.W. to S.E. In 1901 the population was 1,033,760, showing a slight decrease during the decade. The principal crops are rice, pulse, wheat, barley, millet and poppy. Rae Bareli town is connected with Lucknow by a branch of the Oudh & Rohilkhand railway, which in 1898 was extended to Benares.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Raebareli one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
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Raigarh
Raigarh (Hindi: रायगढ़) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in Raigarh district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is the administrative headquarter of Raigarh district.
Prior to Indian Independence, Raigarh was a Princely state. The former king and his sons still live here. They still lead a royal life but with no rent to collect. Their palace - Moti Mahal - is in very bad shape. It was declared a heritage site very recently by the state government.
Raigarh is located at 21°54′N 83°24′E / 21.9°N 83.4°E / 21.9; 83.4. It has an average elevation of 215 metres (705 feet). The Kelo river flows through the city, which is one of its main water sources.
The minimum - maximum temperature range is 29.5 - 49 °C in summer, and 8 - 25 °C in winter.
As of 2001[update] India census, Raigarh district had a population of 12,69,925, and the city of Raigarh a population of 364,287. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Raigarh has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 62%. About 80% of the population are Hindus, 15% Christians and remaining 5% are other religions. In Raigarh, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Raisen
Raisen is a town and a municipality in Raisen district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Raisen District. Raisen takes its name from the massive fort at the top of a hill. The town is located at the foot. The name is probably a corruption of Rajavasini or Rajasayan—the royal residence.
The origins of the fort go back to 1200 AD. Up to the 15th century it was under rulers of various Hindu lines, including the Rajputs. In 1543 Sher Shah Suri captured it from Puranmal. Subsequently in 1760 Fiaz Mohammad Khan, the third Nawab of Bhopal, occupied it. As a result, up to India's independence in 1947, Raisen remained part of the Princely state of Bhopal. After India's independence, it, along with most of the Bhopal princely state, became part of the new Bhopal state of India, which was merged into Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956.
The most visited place in Raisen is the Shrine of Hazrat Peer Fatehullah Shah Baba who was a well known muslim saint. People have a strong belief that ones desires are fulfilled if asked to God via Hazrat Peer Fatehullah Shah Baba.
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Rajasthan
Rājasthān /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen)) the land of Rajasthanis, ("the land of kings"), is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,269 square kilometres (132,151 sq mi).
Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are the oldest in the Indian subcontinent discovered so far.
One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. It also has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, dedicated to Khatu Shyam Ji. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when the region known until then as Rajputana, consisting of erstwhile princely states ruled mainly by Rajputs.
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Rajgarh District
Rajgarh District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Rajgarh is the administrative headquarters of the district.
The district has an area of 6,154 km², and a population 992,315 (1991 census). The district lies on the northern edge of the Malwa plateau, and the Parbati River forms the eastern boundary of the district, while the Kali Sindh River forms the western boundary. The district has six tehsils, Rajgarh, Khilchipur, Zirapur, Biaora, Narsinghgarh, and Sarangpur. The district is bounded by Rajasthan state to the north, and by the districts of Guna to the northeast, Bhopal to the east, Sehore to the southeast, and Shajapur to the south and west. It is part of Bhopal Division.
The district was created May 1948, and includes the territory of the former princely states of Rajgarh, Narsinghgarh, Khilchipur, and parts of the states of Dewas Junior and Senior (Sarangpur tehsil) and Indore (Jarapur tehsil, now part of Khilchipur tehsil).
In addition to the town of Rajgarh, Khilchipur, Kotravihar and Narsinghgarh are places of interest.
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Rajkot
Rajkot (Gujarati: રાજકોટ Rājkot) is the fourth largest city in the state of Gujarat, India, after Ahmedabad, Surat and Vadodara. Rajkot is the 23rd urban agglomeration in India, with a population more than 1.6 million as on 2012. Rajkot is ranked 22nd in The world's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020.
Rajkot is a city of Gujarat state in India and administrative headquarters of the Rajkot District, 245 km from the state capital Gandhinagar, located on the banks of the Aji River and Nyari River. Rajkot was the capital of the then Saurashtra state from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956 before merging in bilingual Bombay State on 1 November 1956. Rajkot was merged into Gujarat State from bilingual Bombay state on May 1, 1960.
Rajkot has been under many different rulers since it was founded. Rajkot has a long history and played a significant part in Indian independence movement. Rajkot was one of the main trade centre's in Saurashtra.
Rajkot was founded by the then ruler of Sardhar 1607 A.D. on the west bank of Aji River, in the middle of Saurashtra. Vibhaji Ajoji was the grandson of Jam Sataji of Nawanagar, the present day Jamnagar. Rajkot was named in honor of its co-founder.
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Rajnandgaon
Rajnandgaon (Devnagari राजनांदगाँव) is the primary town of Rajnandgaon District, in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. The population of the city is 143,727 (2001 census). It came into existence on 26th Jan' 1973, by way of division of district Durg. The District headquarters of Rajnandgaon is on the Bombay - Howrah line of southeastern railways. The town is surrounded by ponds and rivers and is known for its small-scale industries and traders. Another name used for the city is Shanskardhani, representing the peacefulness of how the residents live together in religious harmony. National Highway 6 (Great Eastern Road) also passes through the town of Rajnandgaon. The nearest airport to the District is at Mana(Raipur), about 80 km away.
The Rajnandgaon was originally named Nandgram. The Rajnandgaon state was ruled by Somvanshis, Kalchuris and Marathas. The palaces in the town of Rajnandgaon reveal their own tale of the rulers, their society and culture, and the splendid traditions of those times. Rajnandgaon is a major road and rail junction. The city was ruled by a dynasty of Hindu caretakers (mahants) with titles "Vaishnav" and Gond rajas (chiefs). Succession was by adoption. Its foundation is traced to a religious celibate, who came from the Punjab towards the end of the 18th century. From the founder it passed through a succession of chosen disciples until 1879, when the British government recognized the ruler as an hereditary chief and afterwards conferred upon his son the title of Raja Bahadur. Founded in 1865. Rulers were...
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Rajsamand
Rajsamand is a town of Rajasthan state of western India. The city is named for Rajsamand Lake, an artificial lake created in the 17th century by Rana Raj Singh of Mewar. It is the administrative headquarters of Rajsamand District.
Rajsamand is located at 25°04′N 73°53′E / 25.07°N 73.88°E / 25.07; 73.88. It has an average elevation of 547 metres (1794 ft).
Total population of the Rajsamand district is 9,87,024 of which 4,93,459 male and 4,93,565 female. This district has a male to female ratio of 1000:1000. Rajsamand has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 57%. In Rajsamand, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Although most of the economy of Rajasthan is based on agriculture, this part of the state is rich in mineral resources. The area is one of the prime Indian suppliers of marble, granite and other valuable varieties of stone. The Dariba and Jawar mines are the principal Indian sources of ores for zinc, silver, manganese, etc. Much of the populace is engaged in organised and unorganised mining-related work.
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Ramgarh District
Sitamarhi is a town and the district headquarters of Sitamarhi district, Bihar, India.
Sitamarhi has suffered natural disasters, including excess flooding due to mis-management of the banks by both civilians and government officials. This town was almost completely destroyed by the earthquake of 1934.{{cn}
Sitamarhi is located at26°36′N 85°29′E / 26.6°N 85.48°E / 26.6; 85.48. It has an average elevation of 56 metres (183 feet). sitamarhi district is drained by rivers such as baghmati, aghwara, lakhandei (lakshman rekha), manusmara & few other minor streams. the northern portion of sitamarhi falls in foothills of himalaya. here elevation increases as one goes from south to north.The ground is not rocky and there are no mountains. Land is suitable for growing crops.There is no water scarcity as ground water is present.
Sitamarhi has a monsoon type of climate. Like most parts of northern India it receives maximum rainfall by southwestern monsoon.
Sitamarhi is well connected by road network from the adjoining districts.Major roads are NH 77 & NH 104. However construction work on Nh 77 is going on for making it double lane. Sitamarhi is situated on "Darbhanga Narkatiyaganj" railway line with sitamarhi being the biggest railway station of district.Another broad gauge line between Muzaffarpur & Sitamarhi is under construction. Sitamarhi has direct train service for Varanasi,Kanpur & New Delhi.
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Rampur district
Rampur district (Hindi: रामपुर ज़िला, Urdu: رام پور ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Rampur town is the district headquarters. Rampur district is a part of Moradabad division. The district occupies an area of 2,367 km². This district has a population of 1,922,450 (2001 Census).
The district comprises 5 tehsils: Rampur, Bilaspur, Milak, Shahabad and Suar.
There are five Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Suar, Chamraua, Bilaspur, Rampur and Milak. All of these are part of Rampur Lok Sabha constituency.
According to the 2011 census Rampur district has a population of 2,335,398, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 194th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 987 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,560 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.4 %. Rampur has a sex ratio of 905 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 55.08 %.
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Ranchi
Ranchi /ˈrɑːntʃi/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand accounts for 40% of the mineral resources of India. Earlier most of the part in Jharkhand was covered by forest but now due to urbanization trees are cut and forest cover is depleting fast. Since 2011 census Ranchi now is one of the 53 million-plus cities of India and stands as the 46th largest city out of top 53.[citation needed]. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, Western West Bengal and the present eastern Chhattisgarh. Jharkhand State was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.
The name Ranchi comes from the original Oraon village Archi at the site. Archi derives from the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an altercation with a spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave or archi. The spirit shouted archi, archi, archi and vanished; Archi became Rachi, and Rachi became Ranchi.. One historically significant neighborhood is Doranda ('duran' 'दुरङ' means song and 'daah' 'दअः' means water in the Mundari language), between the Hinoo (Bhusur) & Harmoo Rivers, where the civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj were destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny. The present Purani (old) Ranchi marks the site of the old village of Archi.
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Ratlam
Ratlam pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: रतलाम), known historically as Ratnapuri, is a city in the northwestern part of the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The city of Ratlam lies 1,575 feet (480 meters) above sea level. It is the administrative headquarters of Ratlam district, which was created in 1947 after the independence of India.
Ratlam was given to Ratan Singh Rathore as a gift by Shah Jahan. Shah Jahan loved watching elephant fights and therefore held an event, choosing his favorite war elephants and inviting all the clans of Rajputana (present-day Rajasthan) to watch. From the Rathore clan, Ratan Singh was chosen. At the beginning of the festival, one of the elephants went berserk and headed towards Shah Jahan. No one in the crowd was brave enough to move to protect him. Everyone feared for their own lives and fled except Ratan Singh, who swiftly mounted the elephant. With his sword, Singh stabbed the elephant in its head and killed it. Shah Jahan saw this and was so impressed by his bravery that he gave him the entire state of Ratlam, proclaiming him as the king.
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Rewa District
Rewa District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city Rewa is the district headquarters. Rewa is also known as land of white tigers.
The Huzur, Sirmour and Mauganj tahsils lie between the Kaimur on the south and the Binjh pahar on the north and form what is known as Rewa plateau or uprihar. To the north lies the Teonther tahsils whish is quite different with regard to its physical and other features from the plateau tahsils. Rewa is basically a plateau and from the south to the north its height decreases. In the south the height of Kaimur Rang is more than 450 meters, whereas the height of alluvral plain of Teonthor is just 100 meters. In the district, dissected hills, ravines, plain, plateau, scarp, water-fall and alluvial plain can be seen. The rain-water of the district is flown out by the two assisting rivers of the Ganges, the Tons or Tamas and the Son. Bichiya River flows through the heart of Rewa city.
Significant waterfalls on the Tamsa or Tons and its tributaries, as they come down from the Rewa Plateau, are: Chachai Falls (127m) on the Bihad River, a tributary of the Tamsa, the Keoti Falls (98m) on the Mahana River, a tributary of the Tamsa, Odda Falls (145m) on the Odda River, a tributary of the Belah River, which is itself a tributary of the Tamsa, and Purwa Falls (70m) on the Tamsa or Tons.
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Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around 82 km (51 mi) from Delhi and 51 km (32 mi) from Gurgaon.
Rewari was founded by Nand Ram, an Ahir leader of Bolni village.
Hemu, who reigned as king of Delhi for one month in 1556, was educated and brought up in what is now Rewari, although he was born elsewhere.[Full citation needed] His haveli (house) still stands in the Qutabpur area of the city, which in his day was a village in its own right.[Full citation needed] He became Chief of the Army and Prime Minister of Adil Shah in 1553, then defeated the army of Akbar, a Moghul emperor, at Delhi on 6 October 1556. At that point he declared himself king of Delhi. He was defeated by Akbar's army at the Second Battle of Panipat on 5 November 1556 and beheaded.
Hemu had developed a cannon foundry in Rewari, laying the foundation of a metalwork industry in brass, copper sheets and utensils manufacture for which Rewari is still known.
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Rohtak
Rohtak Pronunciation (help·info) City is a Municipal Corporation in Rohtak district that styles itself as the "Heart of Haryana". It is located 70 km Northwest of New Delhi and 210 km South of the state capital Chandigarh at the NH 10. Rohtak forms a part of National Capital Region II and is a satellite city of New Delhi.
Rohtak has several major educational institutions and is sometimes known as Education City.[dubious – discuss]
Rohtak is said to be a corruption of Rohtashgarh, a name still applied to the ruined sites of two older sites, one lying immediately north of the present town and other about 5 km towards the east.[citation needed] Traditionally, it is named after Raja Rohtash, in whose days the city is said to have been built.[citation needed] It is also claimed that the town derives its name from the Roherra (Tacoma undulate) tree called Rohitaka in Sanskrit.[citation needed] It is said that before the town came into existence it was the site of a forest of Rohitaka trees and hence the city's name became Rohtak.
As per another theory the city came into existence around 500 BC. It was mentioned as Rohitaka Kūla, Rohitaka Giri or Rohitakapura in Vedic Text and as per tradition the city is said to be founded by Rohit, the son of Harishcandra[citation needed]
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Rohtas district
Rohtas district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.
The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km² (square kilometres), a population of 2,448,762 (2001 census), and a population density of 636 persons per km². The language spoken in this area is Bhojpuri.
The administrative headquarters of the district, Sasaram is a place of historical importance. Another important symbol of national pride are the parallel bridges built over the Sone River – one for road and another for railway. The road bridge (Jawahar Setu built by Gammon India in 1963–65) over Sone was the longest (3061 m) in Asia until it was surpassed by the Mahatma Gandhi setu (5475 m) over the river Ganges at Patna. Nehru Setu, the railway bridge is the second longest railway bridge in India.
The district is also home to the Rohtasgarh fort, which was one of the strongest forts in the medieval age.
The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
Rohtas district occupies an area of 3,851 square kilometres (1,487 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to the Solomon Islands' Malaita Island.
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Rudraprayag
Rudraprayag (Devanagari: रुद्र प्रयाग) is a town and a municipality in Rudraprayag district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Rudraprayag is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River, the point of confluence of rivers Alaknanda and Mandakini. Alaknanda then proceeds towards Devaprayag where it joins with Bhagirathi river to form the river Ganges. Kedarnath, a Hindu holy town is located 86 km from Rudraprayag.
Rudraprayag is also known for its infamous man-eating leopard (Leopard of Rudraprayag) which is reputed to have killed over 125 people , hunted by Jimm Corbett.
Rudraprayag is located at 30°17′N 78°59′E / 30.28°N 78.98°E / 30.28; 78.98. It has an average elevation of 895 metres (2,936 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Rudra Prayag had a population of 2242. Males constitute 63% of the population and females 37%. Rudra Prayag has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 68%. In Rudra Prayag, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Rudrapur
Rudrapur (Hindi: रुद्रपुर) is a city and a municipal board in Udham Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.It comes under one of the most fertile ares of India,i.e. TARAI Region.It is also known as Mini Chandigarh,as the maximum population is of Punjabi and that it has been made in a planned way.
As of 2011 India census, Rudrapur had a population of 1,50,000. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rudrapur has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 67%. In Rudrapur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.mm
In the vicinity of the spectacular Kumaon lies the district of Udham Singh Nagar which was a part of district Nainital before it gained the identity of a separate district in 30 September 1995.The district comprises five main sub divisions Rudrapur, Kashipur, Bazpur, Sitarganj and Khatima and is surrounded by the exotic Himalayan ranges. The Tehsils in the district are Jaspur, Kashipur, Bajpur, Gadarpur, Kichha, Khatima, Sitarganj etc.
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Saharanpur
Saharanpur (Hindi: सहारनपुर, Urdu: سهارنپور)(also spelt as Seharunpore by British) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It is the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur District as well as Saharanpur Division. Dating back to the Mughal period, situated close to the borders of Haryana and Uttarakhand states, and surrounded by a very fertile agricultural region famous for plentiful yields in grains and fruits, Saharanpur is now one of the most flourishing cities of Uttar Pradesh. Saharanpur is internationally famous for its wood carving cottage industry. It is a thriving market of local agricultural produce, including basmati rice and mangoes. A variety of agro-based industrial enterprises – such as textiles, sugar, paper and cigarette factories – are located in it.
Saharanpur city, as an urban centre, was established during the Mughal Empire period. It is located in a fertile Doab region that was forested until the medieval period, but in which human habitation can be traced as far back as 2000 BC; site of the Archaeological importance have been found in the district. Its original inhabitants (like Drawid, Kinner, Dasa, and Dasyns) were subdued by the Indo-Aryan peoples, who were new settlers from the Punjab region. Ancient invaders who came from near and far through the ages (Nanda, Greek, Maurya, Shunga, Indo-Greek, Yaudheya, Kushana, Gupta, White Huns, Yasodharman, Vardhana, Maukhari, Rajputs-Pundir,Notyial, Chandela, Muktapida, Ayuddhas, Gurjara-Pratihara, and Palas), have left legacies. Their descendants in the region have first or last names that reflect these historical (and at times also mythological, such as Suryavanshi and Chandravanshi) kinships. Historical accounts are better documented from the start of the medieval period when Jats started to settle in the area.
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Saharanpur district
Saharanpur district (Hindi: ज़िला सहारन्पूर, Urdu: ضلع سهارنپور) is the northernmost of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India. Bordering the states of Haryana and Uttarakhand, and close to the foothills of Shivalik range, it lies in the northern part of the Doab region. It is primarily an agricultural area.
The district headquarters are Saharanpur city and it belongs to Saharanpur Division. Other principal towns are Behat, Deoband, Gangoh and Rampur.
The entire Saharanpur district is a part the Yamuna-Ganges Doab region. Its physical features have been most conducive to human habitation. Archaeological surveys have provided evidence of the existence of many settlements over the ages. Excavations have been carried out in different parts of the district, such as Ambakheri, Bargaon, Hulas and Naseerpur and in Bahadrabad of Haridwar district. On the basis of artifacts discovered during these excavations, human habitation can be traced as far back as 2000 B.C. Traces of the Indus Valley civilization, and even of earlier cultures, have been found. Archaeologically, Ambakheri, Bargaon, Naseerpur and Hulas were centres of Harappan civilisation. It has witnessed the arrival of Aryans from the present Punjab and the mighty war of Mahabharata in the region of present Muzaffarnagar district; when both were a part of the Kuru (East) Mahajanapada territory and Usinara and Panchala Mahajanapadas were their eastern neighbours. Though the history of the region can be traced to some extent from the days of the Indo-Aryans, a more exact history, the system of administration of the local kings, and the lifestyle of the people will become known only with further exploration.
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Saharsa
Saharsa is a city and a municipality in the Saharsa district in the Indian state of Bihar in north India, east of the Kosi River. It is the administrative headquarters of the Saharsa District, and is in the Kosi Division. Sahrasa is also the name of the assembly constituency, which contains the city and neighboring parts of the district. The origin of the name Saharsa is unknown.
Earlier Saharsa district was part of Bhagalpur and munger district, in 1954 it was made a district. It was also made headquarter of Kosi Division on 2 October 1972, comprising Saharsa, Purnia and Katihar district, with its headquarters at Saharsa. Similarly a new Civil Sub-Division Birpur was created on 1 December 1972, consisting of 24 development blocks viz. Raghopur, Chhatapur, Basantpur and Nirmali which were previously under Supaul subdivision of this district. Two new districts Madhepura & Supaul have been formed from Saharsa district on 30 April 1981 and 1991. Saharsa district now consists of two subdivisions, viz. Saharsa Sadar and Simri Bakhtiarpur. The district consists of 10 development blocks and anchals each.
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Sahebganj
Sahebganj (also spelt as Sahibganj) is the district headquarters of Sahebganj district of Jharkhand state, India.
Sahebganj means a place (ganj) of masters (sahebs or sahibs). The place is likely to have been given its name because a number of English and other European people lived and worked in and around the railway station during the British Raj. Nevertheless, the district has remained inhabited by tribal people since time immemorial. The town is cosmopolitan, with people from Bihar, Bengal, and Jharkhand; and refugees from Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Sahebganj is located at 25°15′N 87°39′E / 25.25°N 87.65°E / 25.25; 87.65. It has an average elevation of 16 metres (52 feet).
As of 2011[update] India census, Sahebganj had a population of 1,150,038. Males constitute 51.33% of the population and females 48.66%. Sahibganj has an average literacy rate of 53%, Lower than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 62.65%, and female literacy is 44.31%. In Sahibganj, 18.8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Samastipur
Samastipur is a town and a municipality in Samastipur district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the headquarter of Samastipur district . It is situated on the bank of Budhi Gandak River or Gandaki River.
As of 2011[update]census, Samastipur had a population of 4,254,782. Males constitute 52.4% of the population and females 47.6%. Samastipur has an average literacy rate of 74%, equal to the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is at 78%, and female literacy is at 69%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. samastipur is a part of mithilanchal division.
Samastipur is the birth place of the famous Kisan leader and freedom fighter Pandit Yamuna Karjee. He was a resident of Pusa, Samastipur and was associated with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati in the Kisan Movement during the freedom struggle. There were several other well-known leaders from Samastipur district who had occupied ministerial post in the Government of India after the independence. Among them Karpuri Thakur & Syed Shahnawaz Hussain rose to become the Chief Minister of Bihar & central minister respectively . 'Padmashri' Sharda Sinha 'Bihar Kokila' (singer) is also from samastipur.
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Sanjay Place
Sanjay Place (Hindi: संजय प्लेस, Urdu: سنجے پلیس) is a place in Agra, India. Sanjay Place is the financial hub of Agra.
The area which is now known as Sanjay Palace was actually a central Jail. Then in 1976 during Indira Gandhi's emergency rule (1975-77) saw the shifting of the Central Jail to a new site outside the city periphery. The space vacated has now been used for the Sanjay Place commercial complex. The name Sanjay is after Indira Gandhi's son who was instrumental in this shift.
Sanjay place is located between the Paliwal Park & M G Road. Its is close to Shah Market which is the biggest electronic market in Agra. It is also quite close to Raja ki mandi Railway station & the civil court.
Sanjay Place, has got mix of offices, parks & eateries. There are many cinema halls near Sanjay place. Sanjay Talkies, Shah Talkies, Anjana Talkies, Natraj Talkies, Shree Talkies, Heera Talkies, Bhagwan Talkies, Ragunath Talkies are all within a radius of 3 KM from Sanjay Place. It is mainly popular for the various Computer Dealers, Laptop dealers, located in Sanjay Place as well as the food joints like Ahaar, Chawla Chicken, My Kind of Place (known as MKOP), Dominoes, and Cafe Coffee Day. The Holiday Inn (Agra) is also located at Sanjay Place.mkop is the leading bakery chain in agra.
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Saran division
Saran division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India. Chapra is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2005), the division consists of Saran District, also called Chapra District, Siwan District, Gopalganj District.
Hathwa Raj was a zamindari in the Saran Division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihar Brahmins which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.
Coordinates: 25°47′05″N 84°43′39″E / 25.7848°N 84.7274°E / 25.7848; 84.7274
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Satna
Satna (Hindi:सतना)(cement city) is a city in central India and a municipal corporation in Satna district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Satna District. Satna is a border city of the state and is touched by the borders of the state of UttarPradesh.
Satna got its name from Sutna or Satna river flowing in its vicinity. It is said that this river got its name from the name of popular rishi called "Suteekshna Muni" of ancient times of Ramayana period. A long history is associated with this place. In the Hindu holy book of Ramayana Era, Lord Rama stayed in the region of Chitrakoot; half of it is in the outskirts of Satna, shared with Uttar Pradesh, which contains the rest.
It was previously a British station, the headquarters of the political agent for Baghelkhand. Political agent office was established in Satna in 1871 and abolished in 1931. Nearby, at Bharhut, there are the remains of a 2nd century BC Buddhist stupa, first discovered in 1873 by Cunningham.[who?] However, most of the excavated remnants were sent to the Indian_Museum by the then British rulers.
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Sawai Madhopur
Sawai Madhopur is a city and a municipality in Sawai Madhopur District in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarters of Sawai Madhopur District.
It is home to the Ranthambore National Park and the historic Ranthambore fortress, which lies within the national park.
This area was ruled by Raja Hammir Dev ( a Rajput king ) of Chauhan lienage along with his Bargujar relatives. The area was destroyed by Allaudin Khiljee.
Sawai Madhopur was built as a planned city by Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh I of Jaipur (1750–1768), who named the township after himself.
Sawai Madhopur is famous for its guavas, affectionately known as "Madhopur guavas" in Rajasthan.
It is one of the largest national parks in India. It is situated around 11 km away from the city of Sawai Madhopur. It was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government of India, and was declared one of the Project Tiger reserves in 1973. Ranthambore became a national park in 1980. In 1984, the adjacent forests were declared the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary, and in 1991 the tiger reserve was enlarged to include Sawai Man Singh and Keladevi sanctuaries.
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Sehore
Sehore is a city and a municipality in Sehore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the district headquarters of Sehore District and is located on the Bhopal-Indore highway, 37 km away from Bhopal.
Some inscriptions on rocks discovered in the vicinity of modern Sehore state its name as Sidhapur and Sidrapur. On the other hand, some etymologists[which?] believe that Sehore derives its name from Sher, a word in Hindi, which means a lion, and a large number of lions were found in the area in earlier times. The location of Sehore in the foothills of the Vindhyachal mountains lends credence to this belief.This city is famous for the ancient ganesh mandir.
Sehore is 37 km away from the state capital of Bhopal towards south-west and on Bhopal-Indore highway. Its height from the sea level is 1500 ft. to 2000 ft. Sehore is situated on the Western Railway line from Bhopal to Ratlam. Sehore is surrounded by six districts: Bhopal, Raisen, Hoshangabad, Dewas, Shajapur and Rajgarh. Sehore District extends between the parallels of Latitude 22'31 to 23'40 North and between the meridians of Longitude 76'22 and 78'08 East. Sehore is located at 23°12′N 77°05′E / 23.2°N 77.08°E / 23.2; 77.08. It has an average elevation of 502 metres (1646 feet).
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Shahdol
Shahdol is a city in Shahdol district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Shahdol District. Shahdol is also the 10th Division of Madhya Pradesh state, including shahdol, anuppur, umaria, and dindori district. Shahdol district has been blessed with lush green forests, natural wealth of Coal, Minerals and with primitive Tribal population.There is a Virateshwar temple of Lord Shiv in Sohagpur Baan Ganga. Kalchuri King Maharaja Yuvraj Deva had got it built between 950 and 1050 AD to present it to the Acharya of Golkaki Math.District Shahdol is predominantly hilly district. It is picturesque with certain pockets and belt of SAL and mixed forests. Total Geographical area of the district is 5671 km2. Adjacents to the District Shahdol are the boarding districts Dindori, Satna, Sidhi, Umaria, Anuppur and Rewa.
As of 2011[update] India census, Shahdol had a population of 100565. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Shahdol has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 72%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Shajapur
The town contains numerous places of interest including:
Shajapur is a town in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh state in west-central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Shajapur District. It is a city and a municipality.
Shajapur is named after the Mughal emperor shahjahan, who stopped there in 1640. Prior to that the town was known as Kankdikheda. The original name was Shahjahanpur, which was later shortened to Shajapur. In the 18th century the town became part of the dominion of the Maratha leader Sindhia, founder of the state of Gwalior, and was the headquarters of a district of Gwalior state until Indian independence in 1947. After Independence, Shajapur and its district became part of Madhya Bharat state, which was merged into Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956.
Shajapur is located at 23°26′N 76°16′E / 23.43°N 76.27°E / 23.43; 76.27. It has an average elevation of 443 metres (1453 ft).The highest peak is known as bhairo dungri.
As of 2011[update] India census, Shajapur district had a population of 1,290,685, with 669,852 males and 620,833 females.
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Sheikhpura
Sheikhpura is a city and a municipality in Sheikhpura district in the Indian state of Bihar. Sheikhpura is also an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district occupies an area of 689 km² and has a population of 5,25,502 (as of 2001).
As of 2001[update] India census, Sheikhpura Town has a population of 49.361 Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sheikhpura has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 42%. In Sheikhpura, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The town is connected by road to major hubs in the region with frequent bus service.
Sheikhpura is located on the broad gauge line connecting Kiul and Gaya. The town is served by a direct daily train to Kolkata, and a weekly service to Guwahati via Bhagalpur. The state capital Patna could be reached through a stop-over at Kiul from where rest of India is well connected.
Very recently the Fatuha-Islampur and Bakhtiyarpur-Rajgir branch lines have been connected with this route. Extension of passenger services to inter-link Sheikhpura with Hilsa and Bihar Sharif is expected very soon.
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Sheohar
Sheohar is the principal town of Sheohar district in Bihar, India.
Sheohar is located at coor 26.52N, 85.3E. It has an average elevation of 53 metres (173 feet).
The district contains five blocks: Piprahi, Purnahiya, Sheohar, Taryani and Dumri Katsari.[citation needed]
The district was a part of Sitamarhi district until 1994. After India’s independence the first parliamentary elections were held in 1952. Sheohar was part of Muzzaffarpur North-West parliamentary constituency, after the first delimitation Sheohar became part of Sitamarhi Parliamentary constituency. After the second delimitation process the name of the constituency was changed to Sheohar, realizing the important role played by Sheohar in this part of Bihar.[citation needed] It is the smallest district in Bihar.[citation needed]
Sheohar Parliamentary constituency consists of six-assembly segments; Riga, Belsand, Sheohar, Madhuban, Chiraia and Dhaka.[citation needed]
The district occupies an area of 443 km and has a population of 531,997 (as of 2011 census).[citation needed]
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Sheopur
Sheopur is a city in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Sheopur District. Sheopur is linked by rail to Gwalior. The town is traditionally famous for its wood carving. This is the western most town of Madhya Pradesh, Chambal River is just 25 km, which forms the boundary between Rajasthan and MP states.
Sheopur can be reached via train and buses from Gwalior which is 240 km from Sheopur.Sheopur is located at northern part of Madhya Pradesh. Some of the main locations are Vijaipur, Karahal and Badoda. Major tourist attraction is Palpur (kuno) wildlife sanctuary. The well-known Kaketa reservoir is located in this district. The art of woodcarving has flourished in district Sheopur and the beautifully embellished wooden ceilings, doors and lintels with finely carved designs are silent testimonials of its glory. The wood carvers of Sheopur, with great sensitivity and skill transform different varieties of wood. The crafts persons of Sheopur make pipes, masks, toys, doors, stands, windows, wooden memorials, flower vases, bedposts and cradle posts etc.
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Shimla
Shimla /ˈʃɪmlə/ (Hindi: शिमला [ˈʃɪmlaː] ( listen)), formerly known as Simla, is the capital city of Himachal Pradesh. In 1864, Shimla was declared the summer capital of the British Raj in India. A popular tourist destination, Shimla is often referred to as the "Queen of Hills," a term coined by the British. Located in the north-west Himalayas at an average altitude of 2,205 metres (7,234 ft), the city of Shimla, draped in forests of pine, rhododendron, and oak, experiences pleasant summers and cold, snowy winters. The city is famous for its buildings styled in 'Tudorbethan' and neo-Gothic architecture dating from the colonial era. Shimla is connected to the city of Kalka by one of the longest narrow gauge railway routes still operating in India, the Kalka-Shimla Railway. Shimla is approximately 145 km (90 mi) from Mandi, 100 km (62 mi) from Chandigarh, the nearest major city, and 365 km (227 mi) from New Delhi, the national capital. The city is named after the goddess Shyamala Devi, an incarnation of the Hindu Goddess Kali.
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Shivpuri
Shivpuri is a city and a municipality in Shivpuri district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is in the Gwalior Division of northwest Madhya Pradesh and is the administrative headquarters of Shivpuri District. It is situated at an altitude of 1,515 feet (462 m) above sea level.
Shivpuri is an ancient town and a sacred place. It was formerly known as Sipri. It received its current name after independence in honor of the God Shiva. It is steeped in the royal legacy of its past, when it was the summer capital of the Scindia rulers of Gwalior. Earlier to that, Shivpuri's dense forests were the hunting grounds of the Mughal emperors. Emperor Akbar captured herds of elephants for his stables while returning from Mandu in year 1564. The thick forests are still there and continue to be a source of forest-produce for domestic and industrial use.
Shivpuri was awarded as Jagir to the Kachwahas of Narwar in the 17th century.Shivpuri king and fort was won by Ranoji Bhoite,a Maratha General of Chhatrapati of Satara on instructions of Jankoji Shinde,Gwalior Chief.[citation needed] In February 1781, the Scindias lost a battle to the British there, which resulted in a mutual-defense treaty the following October. Shivpuri again came under the rule of the Scindias in 1804, who granted it to one of their Maratha generals by name Ingle. Later, it was transferred to the HEIC in 1817 under a treaty, but the Scindias regained it in 1818.
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Shravasti district
Shravasti District (Hindi:श्रावस्ती) is one of the districts of the Uttar Pradesh state of India and Bhinga town is district headquarter. Shravasti district is a part of Devipatan Division. According to Government of India, the district Shravasti is one of the Minority Concentrated District in India on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators.
Shravasti, the north-eastern town of Uttar Pradesh, is located near the West Rapti River. This town is closely associated with the life of Gautama Buddha, who is believed to have spent 24 Chaturmases here. Age-old stupas, majestic viharas and several temples near the village of "Sahet-Mahet" establish Buddha's association with Shravasti. It is being said that the Vedic Bharat period king Sravast founded this town. Shravasti was the capital of the Kosala Kingdom during 6th century BC to 6th century AD. This prosperous trading center was well known for its religious associations. Sobhanath temple is believed to be the birthplace of the Tirthankara Sambhavanath in Jainism, making Shravasti an important center for Jains. According to Nagarjuna, the city had a population of 900,000 in 5th century BCE and it even overshadowed Magadha's capital, Rajgir.
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Sidhi
Sidhi (Hindi: सीधी) is a city and a municipality in Sidhi district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Sidhi District is a reflection of proud history of the state of Madhaya Pradesh. it makes the North-eastern boundary of the state. Sidhi district is a repository of natural. historical and cultural history. This district is Known for luxuriant natural resources with the river Sone draining the district. On one side the spectrum of its floristic socio-cultural diversity and ethnic history of tribal, the district has a panoramic view of the Kaimur, Kehejua and Ranimunda hills blazing with flowers of flame of forest and intoxicated by the sweet smell of mahua flowers
Sidhi is located at 24°25′N 81°53′E / 24.42°N 81.88°E / 24.42; 81.88. It has an average elevation of 272 metres (892 feet). It is a state of Chandela Rajput who came from Delhi. They mainly live in Bardi State and then again divide into a few areas in Sidhi.
As of the 2001 India census, Sidhi had a population of 45,664 with males constituting 54% of the population, females 46%. Sidhi has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 60%. In Sidhi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Sikar
Sikar (Hindi: सीकर) is a City located in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan state in India. It is the administrative headquarter of Sikar District. Sikar is a historical city and contains many old Havelis (big houses with Mughal-era architecture) which are a huge tourist attraction. The best way to reach the city is to use road transport from Jaipur or Delhi. It is 114 km away from Jaipur, 320 km from Jodhpur 215 km from Bikaner and 280 km from Delhi.
Sikar is as much part of Shekhawati as Jhunjhunu. It was the biggest Thikana (Estate) of the Jaipur State ruled by Shekhawats. Sikar was the capital town of the Thikana Sikar. It is surrounded by the high walls consisting of seven “Pols”(gates). The primitive name of Sikar was ‘Beer Bhan Ka Bass’. Raja Bahadur Singh Shekhawat, the Raja of Khandela gifted the village Beao Nahar Singh & Rao Chand Singh, Rao Devi Singh ascended the throne of Sikar after Chand Singh. He was a great warrior and ruled over Sikar very efficiently.
Devi Singh’s son Rao Raja Laxman Singh was also a great warrior. He built the Laxmangarh Fort on the hill in 1862 and a town which sprang up at the foot hills in called Laxmangarh after his name in 1864 AD . Maharaja Sawai Jagat Singh Saheb Bahadur (II), the king of Jaipur was much pleased with him, as a result the title of ‘Rao Raja’ was conferred upon him by the king. His period is known for the love of art, learning, religion and culture. He was very philanthropic, the Sikar state was very prosperous in his period. The seth’s & the rich people got the magnificent buildings built & the painting on them are worth seeing.
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Simdega
Simdega is a settlement in India, a District Headquarters of the Simdega District to the state of Jharkhand. It is close to the capital of Jharkhand, Ranchi and the Steel city Rourkela,Orissa.
Simdega is located at 22°37′N 84°31′E / 22.62°N 84.52°E / 22.62; 84.52. It has an average elevation of 418 metres (1371 feet).
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Singhbhum district
Singhbhum was sometime a large district in the present-day Indian state of Bihar. Chaibasa was the district headquarters of the erstwhile Singhbhum district. Earlier this area was a part of Orissa's Gajapati Empire. In the 19th Century this area became a part of the Chota Nagpur Division of Bengal Presidency in British India.
That district has in recent decades been divided into three smaller districts, being East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Saraikela Kharsawan. All the three are currently part of Jharkhand state of India. The major Indian languages spoken in this region are Oriya, Bengali, Kurmali, Hindi and other tribal languages.
The literal meaning of Singhbhum or Singhbhumi is Land of lions: Singh in Oriya means lion and Bhum or Bhumi indicates land. This appears to be apt as more than 50% area of the district is covered by dense forests and mountains, where wild animals once roamed freely. However, the lion is not found in these forests any more.
Singhbhum is known for its iron ore deposits and it provides for the iron ore requirements of the IISCO steel plants located at Hirapur, Kulti and Burnpur.
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Sirohi
Sirohi is a city in southern Rajasthan state in western India. It is the administrative headquarters of Sirohi District, and was formerly the capital of the princely state of the same name. Nearest railway station to Sirohi is Sirohi Road station.
Sirohi is located at 24°53′06″N 72°51′45″E / 24.885°N 72.8625°E / 24.885; 72.8625. It has an average elevation of 321 metres (1053 ft).
In 1405, Rao Sobhaji founded the town of Shivpuri on the western slope of Siranwa Hill. Shivpuri today lies in ruins. In 1425, his son and successor, Sehastramal (or Sahastramal, Sehastramal), founded a fortress on the eastern slope of the same hill, which became his capital and grew into the present-day town of Sirohi.
In 1901 the population of the town Sirohi was 5651.
As of 2001[update] India census, Sirohi had a population of 161133. urban population 35531, Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sirohi has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 54%. In Sirohi, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Sitamarhi
Sitamarhi is a town and the district headquarters of Sitamarhi district, Bihar, India.
Sitamarhi has suffered natural disasters, including excess flooding due to mis-management of the banks by both civilians and government officials. This town was almost completely destroyed by the earthquake of 1934.{{cn}
Sitamarhi is located at26°36′N 85°29′E / 26.6°N 85.48°E / 26.6; 85.48. It has an average elevation of 56 metres (183 feet). sitamarhi district is drained by rivers such as baghmati, aghwara, lakhandei (lakshman rekha), manusmara & few other minor streams. the northern portion of sitamarhi falls in foothills of himalaya. here elevation increases as one goes from south to north.The ground is not rocky and there are no mountains. Land is suitable for growing crops.There is no water scarcity as ground water is present.
Sitamarhi has a monsoon type of climate. Like most parts of northern India it receives maximum rainfall by southwestern monsoon.
Sitamarhi is well connected by road network from the adjoining districts.Major roads are NH 77 & NH 104. However construction work on Nh 77 is going on for making it double lane. Sitamarhi is situated on "Darbhanga Narkatiyaganj" railway line with sitamarhi being the biggest railway station of district.Another broad gauge line between Muzaffarpur & Sitamarhi is under construction. Sitamarhi has direct train service for Varanasi,Kanpur & New Delhi.
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Sitapur district
Sitapur district (Hindi: सीतापुर ज़िला, Urdu: ستا پور ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, with Sitapur town as the district headquarters. Sitapur district is a part of Lucknow division. This district covers an area of 5743 km². It has a population of 3,619,661.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sitapur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
The district is divided into six tehsils: Sitapur, Biswan, Mishrikh, Laharpur, Mahmoodabad and Sidhauli.
Sitapur has nine seats in Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha. These nine constituencies are:
Sitapur is divided between four Lok Sabha seats:
According to the 2011 census Sitapur district has a population of 4,474,446, roughly equal to the nation of Croatia or the US state of Louisiana. This gives it a ranking of 38th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 779 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,020 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 23.62 %. Sitapur has a sex ratio of 879 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 63.38 %.
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Sonbhadra district
Coordinates: 24°41′23″N 83°3′55″E / 24.68972°N 83.06528°E / 24.68972; 83.06528
Sonbhadra or Sonebhadra (Hindi: सोनभद्र ज़िला, Urdu: سون بھدر ضلع) is the 2nd largest district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The district has an area of 6788 km² and a population of 1,463,468 (2001 census), with a population density of 216 persons per km². It lies in the extreme southeast of the state, and is bounded by Mirzapur District to the northwest, Chandoli District to the north, Kaimur and Rohtas districts of Bihar state to the northeast, Garhwa district of Jharkhand state to the east, Koriya and Surguja districts of Chhattisgarh state to the south, and Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh state to the west. The district headquarters is in the town of Robertsganj. It is the only district in India which borders four states namely Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Bihar. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
The Sone River flows through the district from east to west and its tributary the Rihand River, which rises to the south in the highlands of Surguja district of Chhattisgarh, flows north to join the Son in the center of the district. Sonbhadra is located in the south-eastern ranges of the Vindhyachal mountain.The Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, a reservoir on the Rihand, lies partly in the district and partly in Madhya Pradesh. The district has historic, cultural, and ecological affinities with the Bagelkhand region. Obra and NTPC Rihand are the power projects located in this city. Robertsganj is the main town. Almost 100 km from Varanasi, the cultural centre of Indian epitome of Vedic civilsation, holds a prime importance as the district headquarter.
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Sonipat
Sonipat (Hindi: सोनीपत), also spelled as Sonepat, is an ancient town and a municipal council in the Sonipat district in the state of Haryana, India. It comes under the National Capital Region and is around 20 km from Delhi's Border. The Yamuna River runs along the eastern boundary of the district. Sonipat comprises 3 sub-divisions namely Sonipat, Ganaur and Gohana and seven blocks (Sonipat, Ganaur, Rai, Kharkhoda, Gohana, Kathura and Mundlana). It has been carved out of Rohtak and made a full fledged district on 22 December 1972.
Its believed that Sonipat was founded as Swarnaprastha by the five Pandava brothers during the times of Mahabharata. Its one of the five Preasthas or towns demanded by Yudhisthira from Duryodhana as the price of peace. Another legend ascribed it to Raja Soni, the thirteenth descendent of Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers. Both the traditions are without substance. There is no mention of Sonipat in the Mahabharata, although it has been noted much earlier by the great grammarian Panini in his celebrated Ashtadhyayi. The town was therefore already in existence around 600 B.C.
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South Delhi
South Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.
It is bounded by the Yamuna River to the east, the districts of New Delhi to the north, Faridabad District of Haryana state to the southeast, Gurgaon District of Haryana to the southwest, and South West Delhi to the west.
South Delhi has a population of 2,258,367 (2001 census), and an area of 250 km², with a population density of 9,034 persons per km².
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Defence Colony, Hauz Khas, and Kalkaji.
The division shown on the map bears only administrative significance, as to the common citizen, broadly speaking Delhi is vaguely ring-like, having five regions, namely North, West, South, East and Central. The usage of the term South Delhi in day-to-day life expands from Delhi's IGI Airport in the South West to the river Yamuna in the South East, a region protruding into administrative South West Delhi district.
According to the 2011 census South Delhi has a population of 2,733,752 , roughly equal to the nation of Jamaica or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 144th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 10,935 inhabitants per square kilometre (28,320 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.59 %. South Delhi has a sex ratio of 859 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.03 %. Mostly Villages of South Delhi Dominate By Gurjars , Some of Villages Names are Kotla Mubarakbur , Zamrudpur , Garhi , Pilanji , Chatarpur , Mehrauli , Jonapur , Dera , Mandi , etc.
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South West Delhi
South West Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.
South West Delhi is bounded by the districts of West Delhi to the north, Central Delhi to the northeast, New Delhi and South Delhi to the east, Gurgaon District of Haryana state to the south, and Jhajjar District of Haryana to the west.
South West Delhi has a population of 1,749,492 (2001 census), and an area of 420 km², with a population density of 4,166 persons per km².
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Delhi Cantonment, Najafgarh, and Vasant Vihar. Dwarka subcity, Sagar Pur, Sarojini Nagar, Dashrath puri, Safdarjung Enclave, Dhaula Kuan, Naraina, Moti Bagh, R.K. Puram and Vasant Kunj are also located in S.W. Delhi. For real estate needs in and around Vasant Kunj contact Premier Knot
According to the 2011 census South West Delhi has a population of 2,292,363, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 198th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 5,445 inhabitants per square kilometre (14,100 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 30.62 %. South West Delhi has a sex ratio of 836 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.81 %.
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Srinagar
Srinagar /sriˈnɑːɡər/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the summer capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in the Kashmir Valley and lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. The city is famous for its gardens, lakes and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dry fruits.
Etymologically Srinagar is composed of two Sanskrit words, śrī (venerable) and nagar, which means "city". One theory of the origin of the name is that a Pandava King Ashoka (not to be confused with the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka) built the city of Srinagari (Srinagar). Another theory is that Mauryan Emperor Ashoka founded the original city of Srinagar, then situated on the site of the present village of Pandrathan, 5 km to the north of the existing capital.
Srinagar has a long history, dating back at least to the 3rd century BC, and has been known by different names. The city was founded by the King Pravarasena II over 2,000 years ago, named it Parvasenpur. The city was then a part of the Maurya Empire, one of the largest empires of the Indian subcontinent. Ashoka introduced Buddhism to the Kashmir valley, and the adjoining regions around the city became a centre of Buddhism. In the 1st century, the region was under the control of Kushans and several rulers of this dynasty strengthened the Buddhist tradition. Vikramaditya (of Ujjain) and his successors probably ruled the regions just before the city fell to the control of the Huns in the 6th century, and Mihirkula was the most dreaded ruler of the city and the valley.
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Sultanpur district
Sultanpur District (Hindi: सुल्तानपुर ज़िला, Urdu: سلطان پور ضلع) is a district in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The district is a part of Faizabad Division. Its administrative head is Sultanpur.
The only incident worthy of note in the 19th century history of the district since the British annexation of Oudh is the revolt of the native troops stationed at Sultanpur during the Mutiny. The troops rose in rebellion on the 9th of June 1857, and, after murdering two of their officers, sacked the station. Upon the restoration of order, Sultanpur cantonment was strengthened by a detachment of British troops; but in 1861 it was entirely abandoned as a military station.
It has an area of 1713 sq. rn. The surface is generally level, being broken only by ravines in the neighborhood of the rivers. The central portion is highly cultivated, while in the south are widespread arid plains and swampy jhils or marshes. The principal river is the Gomti River, which passes through the centre of the district and affords a valuable highway for commerce. Minor streams are the Kandu, Pili, Tengha and Nandhia, the last two being of onieimiiortanee, as their channels form the outlet for the superfluous water of the jhils, draining into the Sai. There: are ner the decade. The forests in the district, only stunted jungles used for fuel. In the population was 1,083,904, showing an increase of less than 1% over the decade. Due to its plain fertile land and irrigation facilities. It has got an agricultural importance. Primarily an agricultural district, its principal crops are rice, pulses, wheat, barley, sugarcane and a little poppy.
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Supaul
Supaul is a town and a municipality that is headquarters of Supaul district in the Indian state of Bihar. Not far from this place is the Indian border connecting Nepal. The Supaul Town is the administrative headquarters of this district.
River Kosi flows through Supaul. After the construction of Kosi Dam the flood situation has improved in Supaul. This year though (2008) the river Kosi changed its course and took the route it used to take 200 years ago. As a result major parts of Supaul districts were flooded. These were the worst floods since 1954.
Supaul is located at 25°56′N 86°15′E / 25.93°N 86.25°E / 25.93; 86.25. It has an average elevation of 34 metres (111 feet). Rivers: Kosi
Supaul, Triveniganj, Birpur, Nirmali, Kishanpur, Saraigadh-Bhaptiyahi, Pipra,Garh-Baruari, Basantpur, Raghopur, Pratapganj, Shyam Nagar, Chhatapur, Jadiya, parsarma
Supaul has a rich history. The District of Supaul had been a part of Mithilanchal since the Vedic period. The area has been referred to as the fishery area (Matsya Kshetra) in the Hindu mythology. The two oldest democracies namely Angutaran and Apadnigam are known for their existence in the Buddhist era, which comprises today’s area of district Supaul.
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Surguja district
Surguja District (सरगुजा) is a district in the northern part of the state of Chattisgarh in India. The district headquarter is Ambikapur.
The district borders on the states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand, and overlaps the southeastern part of the Vindhyachal-Baghelkhand region of peninsular India.
According to legend, Lord Rama had visited Surguja during his 14 years of exile in to the forests. There are many places in connection to epic of Ramayana, which are named after Lord Rama, Laxmana and Goddess Sita such as Ramgarh, Sita-Bhengra and Laxmangarh.
Prior to the arrival of the Mauryas, the area was ruled by the Nandas. In the third century BC the region was divided into tiny kingdoms. Later, a Rajput king belonging to the Rakshal clan, attacked from what is now Jharkhand, and took control of the area. In 1820, Amar Singh was crowned as Maharaja. During the British period, Surguja was a princely state.
The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.
It lies between 23°37'25" to 24°6'17" north latitude and 81°34'40" to 84°4'40" east longitude. 244.62 kilometres (152.00 mi) long east to west and 67.37 kilometres (41.86 mi) broad north to south, this land has as area of about 16,359 square kilometres (6,316 sq mi).
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Swamibagh
Swamibagh (Hindi: स्वामीबाग़, Urdu: سوامی باغ) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Swamibagh had a population of 1909. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Swamibagh has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 77%. In Swamibagh, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 32°45′N 74°53′E / 32.75°N 74.883°E / 32.75; 74.883
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Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal ( /ˈtɑːdʒ/ or /ˈtɑːʒ məˈhɑːl/;Hindi: ताज महल, from Persian/Urdu: تاج محل "crown of palaces", pronounced [ˈt̪aːdʒ mɛˈɦɛl]; also "the Taj") is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.It coveres area about 221 hectare (552 Acres) which include 38 hectare taj mahal and 183 hectare taj protected forest are."
Taj Mahal is the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Turkish and Indian architectural styles.
In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar component of the Taj Mahal, it is actually an integrated complex of structures. The construction began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer.
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Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,[needs IPA]known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey
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Thrissur
Thrissur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: തൃശൂര്), originally Thrisivaperoor and previously known by its anglicized form as Trichur, is the fifth largest city, the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala (Pop. 1,854,783) and the 20th largest in India. It is also the headquarters of the Thrissur District. Thrissur city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkadu Maidan which seats the Vadakkumnathan temple. Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin. It is located 300 kilometres (186 mi) towards north-west of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.
Thrissur is also known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history. It houses the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy. The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala. The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May. Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, Vadakkumnathan temple and Paramekkavu temple, as well as two famous churches, the Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral and the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours.
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Tikamgarh
Tikamgarh ( टीकमगढ़ ) ( ٹیکمگاڑھ ) is a city and a tehsil, in Tikamgarh district, Madhya Pradesh, it also the district headquarter. The earlier name of the town was 'Tehri' (i..e. a triangle) consisting of three hamlets, forming a rough triangle. In the Tikamgarh town there is muhalla still known as 'Purani Tehri'. Until Indian independence in 1947, Tikamgarh, formerly called Tehri, was part of the kingdom of Orchha, which was founded in the 16th century by the Bundeli chief Rudra Pratap, who became the first Raja of Orchha. In 1783 the capital of the state was moved to Tehri, about 40 miles south of Orchha, which was home to the fort of Tikamgarh, and the town eventually took the name of the fort. The district is famous for the old fort of Kundar known as Garh Kundar, which was built by Khangars and remained the capital of kshatriya Khangar rulers from 1180 to 1347.
The district is named after its headquarters, Tikamgarh. The original name of the town was Tihri. In 1783, the ruler of Orchha Vikramajit (1776–1817) shifted his capital from Orchha to Tihri and renamed it Tikamgarh (Tikam is one of the names of Krishna).
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Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli ((tiruccirāppaḷḷi) pronunciation (help·info)) (spelt as Trichinopoly in the records of British India), also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. It is the fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu and also the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state.
The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Early Cholas, Early Pandyas, Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Delhi Sultanate, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur which served as the capital of the Early Cholas is a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. Tiruchirappalli played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars between the British and the French East India companies. The city has a number of historical monuments, the Rockfort, Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval being the most prominent among them.
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Tonk district
Tonk District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Tonk is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is bounded on the north by Jaipur district, on the east by Sawai Madhopur district, on the southeast by Kota district, on the south by Bundi district, on the southwest by Bhilwara district, and on the west by Ajmer district.
Nawabi Nagari 'Tonk' is famous not only in Rajasthan but also all over India for its historical legends. It is situated on National Highway No. 12 at distance of 100 km from Jaipur. It is located in northeastern part of the state between 75.19' & 76.16 East longitude and 25.41' and 26.24' North Latitude. The total area of the district is 7194 km2. As per the history, Jaipur's King Man Singh conquered Tari & Tokra Janpad in the regime of Akbar. In 1643, twelve village of Tokra janpad were given to Bhola Brahmin. Later Bhola gave a name to these twelve villages as 'Tonk'. It is surrounded by 5 districts: north, Jaipur district; south, Bundi district and Bhilwara district; east, Ajmer district; and west, Sawai Madhopur district. Average rain fall is 62 mm. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the main occupation of the people.
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Ujjain
Ujjain pronunciation (help·info) (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti, Avantikapuri), is an ancient city of Malwa region in central India, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River (Hindi: क्षिप्रा), today part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative centre of Ujjain District and Ujjain Division.
In ancient times the city was called Ujjayini. As mentioned in the Mahabharata epic, Ujjayini was the capital of the Avanti Kingdom, and has been the Prime Meridian for Hindu geographers since the 4th century BCE. Ujjain is one of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) of the Hindus, and the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every 12 years. It is also home to Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines to the god Shiva and is also the place where Lord Krishna got education with Balarama and Sudama from Maharshi Sandipani.
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Umaria
Umaria is a town in umaria district of the Shahdol Division of Madhya Pradesh state of central India.
Umaria district is located to the North East of Madhya Pradesh. Mathematically the coordinates of the District extend from 23°38' to 24°20' North and 80°28' to 82°12' East. It has geographical area of 4548 sq.km. The greatest length of the district is about 150 km. from north to south and the greatest width is about 60km from east to west. The population of the district on the basis of 2001 census is 515963. Out of which about 83% population resides in rural areas. The district has extensive forests. About 42% of the total area is covered by forests only. The District is rich in minerals. The most important mineral found in the district is coal and as a result 8 mines are being operated by South Eastern Coalfield Limited in the district. The famous Bandhavgarh National Park (Tala) and Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station Mangthar (Pali) are located in the district. Umaria was formerly the headquarters of the South Rewa District and thereafter the headquarters town of the Bandhavgarh tehsil. It is situated at a distance of about 69 km from Shahdol, the parent district. Metalled roads connect the town with Katni, Rewa Shahdol etc., on which regular buses ply. Umaria is also a railway station on the Katni-Bilaspur section of the South-Eastern Railway.
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Una district
Una is one of the districts of Himachal Pradesh, India, and shares its border with the Hoshiarpur District of Punjab. The terrain is generally a plain with low hills. Una has been identified as a main industrial hub and has become a transit town for travellers going to the famous city of Dharamsala or locations within the Himalayas such as Kullu, Manali, Jawalamukhi, and Chintpurni.
Una is home to the Kila, which is a historical fort and an ancestral home of the descendants of the first guru of the Sikhs, Guru Nanak.
Local languages are Punjabi, Pahari and Hindi. The predominant language though spoken is a hybrid of Punjabi and Pahari. People typically wear Dhoti and Kurta (amongst elder males) and Kurta Pyjamas, pants, shirts, and trousers amongst youngster males and salwar kameez for women.
According to the 2001 census, the total population of Una is 447,967 with a ratio of 997 females per 1,000 males. The literacy rate is at 81.09%. The total area of the district is 1,549 km2 (598 sq mi). The population is mix of Hindus and Sikhs, with Sikhs in the minority.
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Unnao
The town of Unnao (Hindi: उन्नाव, Urdu: اناو') is the headquarters of Unnao District in Uttar Pradesh, India between Kanpur and Lucknow. It is approximately 18 km from Kanpur & 60 km from Lucknow . It is connected to these two cities by roadway as well as by railway. The nearest airport is at Amausi about 50 km from Unnao. Unnao district is a part of Central Ganges Plain of the state covering an area of 4558 km2.
The town of Unnao gives its name to the district of which it forms a part. About 1200 years ago, the site of this town was covered with extensive forests. Godo Singh, a Chauhan Rajput, cleared the forests, probably in the third quarter of the 12th century, and founded a town called Sawai Godo, which shortly afterwards passed into the hands of the rulers of the Kannauj, who appointed Khande Singh as the Governor of the place. Unwant Singh, a Bisen Rajput and a lieutenant of the Governor, killed him and built a fort here, renaming the place as Unnao after himself.
In ancient times, the area which comprises Unnao formed part of the Kosala Mahajanapada. It was later included in Oudh. This region has been inhabited since antiquity as traces from ancient times remain at some places in the district.
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Unnao district
Unnao District (Hindi: उन्नाव ज़िला, Urdu: اناو ضلع) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Unnao is the district headquarters. The district is part of Lucknow Division.
Situated between the cities of Lucknow & Kanpur, Unnao has a rich heritage of sword and pen, having produced great freedom fighters(Shri Chandrashekhar Azad), poets and writers(Shri Surya Kant Tripathi 'Nirala', Shri Mahaveer Prashad Dwivedi). The freedom struggle of 1857 was followed by the transfer of power from the East India Company to the British Crown. As soon as order had been restored, the civil administration was re-established in the district which was named district Unnao, with headquarters at Unnao. The size of the district was however small until 1869, when it assumed its present form. The same year the town of Unnao was constituted a Municipality. Hiuen Tsang, the famous Chinese pilgrim to India, stayed at Kannauj for 3 months in 636 AD. From here he journeyed a distance of about 26 km and reached the city of Na-fo-ti-po-ku-lo (Navadevakula) which stood on the eastern bank of Ganga. The city was about 5 km in circumference and had a magnificent Deva Temple, several Buddhist Monasteries and Stupas.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km2), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.
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Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand[needs IPA] (Sanskrit: उत्तराखण्डम्, Uttarākhanḍam ?, Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड, Uttarākhanḍ ?), formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods (Hindi: देव भूमि, Dēv bhūmi ?) due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship. Known for its natural beauty and wealth of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai, the state was carved out of the Himalayan and adjoining north-western districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th state of the Republic of India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region on the north, the Mahakali Zone of Far-Western Region, Nepal on the east and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the north west.
The region is traditionally referred to as Uttarakhand in Hindu scriptures and old literature, a term which derives from Sanskrit uttara (उत्तर) meaning north, and khaṇḍ (खण्ड्) meaning country or part of a country. It has an area of 20,682 sq mi (53,566 km²).
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Uttarkashi
Uttarkashi (Hindi: उत्तरकाशी ), meaning Kashi of the north, is a holy town in Uttarakhand, India. It is the district headquarter of Uttarkashi district. Uttarkashi is situated on the banks of river Bhagirathi at an altitude of 1352 m above sea level. Uttarkashi is home to a number of ashrams and temples and also to the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering. The name of the town reflects its similarity to and location (as north of) the city of Kashi (Varanasi). Similar to Varanasi, town of Uttarkashi is situated on the Ganges, lies next to a hill named Varun Parvat, on confluence of two rivers Varuna and Asi, has a ghat called Manikarnika Ghat and has a temple dedicated to Shiva (Kashi Vishwanath Temple)in the center of the town.
Uttarkashi is located at 30°44′N 78°27′E / 30.73°N 78.45°E / 30.73; 78.45. It has an average elevation of 1,165 metres (4,436 feet). most of the terrain is hilly. RIVERS- there are many small and big rivers in Uttarkashi district. The Yamuna and the Ganges (Bhagirathi) are biggest and holiest among them, their origin is Yamunotri and Gangotri (Gomukh) respectively. Asi ganga , jad ganga are some of the tributeries of the Ganges
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Vadodara
Vadodara, formerly known as Baroda, is the third largest and most populated city in the Indian State of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. Historical and archaeological findings date this place back to the 9th century when it was a small town called Ankottaka (present Akota) located on the right bank of the river Vishvamitri (whose name is derived from the great saint Rishi Vishwamitra). Ankottaka was a famous centre of Jainism in the 5th and 6th century AD. Some of the Akota bronze images can be seen in the Vadodara Museum. The city was once called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja Chandan of Dor tribe of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had also another name "Virakshetra" or "Virawati" (a land of warriors). Later on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodará, which according to tradition is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means 'in the heart of the banyan tree'. It is now almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived. Again in 1974 the name changed to Vadodara.
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Varanasi
Varanasi Hindustani pronunciation: [ʋaːˈraːɳəsi] ( listen)), also commonly known as Banaras or Benaras (Banāras [bəˈnaːrəs] ( listen)) and Kashi, Kāśī [ˈkaːʃi] ( listen)), is a city situated on the banks of the River Ganges in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, 320 kilometres (199 mi) southeast of state capital Lucknow. It is regarded as a holy city by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the oldest in India.
The Kashi Naresh (Maharaja of Kashi) is the chief cultural patron of Varanasi and an essential part of all religious celebrations. The culture of Varanasi is closely associated with the River Ganges and the river's religious importance. The city has been a cultural and religious centre in North India for several thousand years. The Benares Gharana form of the Indian classical music developed in Varanasi, and many prominent Indian philosophers, poets, writers, and musicians resided or reside in Varanasi. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath located near Varanasi (Kashi).
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Varanasi district
Varanasi district (Hindi: वाराणसी ज़िला, Urdu: وارانسی ضلع) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India, with Varanasi city as the district headquarters. Varanasi district is a part of Varanasi division. The district occupies an area of 1,535 km². The district has a population of 3,138,671 (2001 Census).
The district constists two tehsils: Varanasi and Pindra. The district comprises eight Vidhan Sabha constituencies: Pindra, Ajagara,Shivpur, Rohaniya, Varanasi North, Varanasi South, Varanasi Cantonment and Sevapuri.
According to the 2011 census Varanasi district has a population of 3,682,194, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oklahoma. This gives it a ranking of 75th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 2,399 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,210 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.32 %. Varanasi has a sex ratio of 909 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 77.05 %.
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Vidisha
Vidisha is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, located near the state capital Bhopal. Vidishā is the administrative headquarters of Vidisha District. The city was also known as Bhilsa during the medieval period.
Vidisha is located at 23°32′N 77°49′E / 23.53°N 77.82°E / 23.53; 77.82. It has an average elevation of 424 metres (1391 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Vidisha had a population of 125,457. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Vidisha has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 62%. In Vidisha, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Vidisha is exceptionally rich in ancient monuments and historic places. A short distance to the north of the present town are the remains of the ancient town, known as Besnagar. Not far from Besnagar are the Udayagiri Caves with sculptures and inscriptions dating to the time of the Gupta Empire.
Khamba Baba. The ruins of an early shrine at Vidisha dedicated to Vishnu reveal that the foundation bricks were cemented together with lime mortar, the first known example of the use of cement in India. The ruins are of period prior to 2nd century BC.
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Vijayawada
Vijayawada ( pronunciation (help·info)) is the biggest city of the Krishna District and the third largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, after Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, with an area of 61.88 km2. The city has a population of 1,048,240 (2011 Census), while the population of the metropolitan area is 1,491,202. The name Vijayawada, meaning "Land of Victory" is derived from the presiding deity, Kanaka Durga, also called Vijaya. The city is also popularly known by its historic name Bezawada, which is also used by the Indian Railways in assigning its railway station code "BZA".
The city originated along the southern bank of the river Krishna, with hills on its northern bank. By 1855 AD, it took shape as small settlement on the eastern side of the Indrakiladri hills. The city has been ruled by different dynasties from time to time, including the Chalukyas of Kalyan and the great ruler Krishna Deva Raya.
The city experienced modest socio-economic growth in pre-independence India. As the commercial capital of Andhra Pradesh, the city is politically active, sociologically dominant, agriculturally rich, and is an industrial transportation hub.
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Visakhapatnam
Visakhapatnam ( pronunciation (help·info)) (also known as Vizag) is a port city on the southeast coast of India. With a population of 1,435,099, it is the second-largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh (after Hyderabad) and the third-largest city on the east coast (after Chennai and Kolkata). Visakhapatnam is located 625 kilometres (388 mi) east of the state capital, Hyderabad. The city is home to several state-owned heavy industries and a steel plant; it is one of India's largest seaports and has the country's oldest shipyard. Visakhapatnam has the only natural harbour on the east coast of India.
The city was named after Visakha, the Hindu god of valor. It is nestled among the hills of the Eastern Ghats and faces the Bay of Bengal on the east. Visakhapatnam is the administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam district and headquarters of the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. Visakhapatnam has a nickname The City of Destiny and, more recently, the Goa of the East Coast. Like its west-coast counterpart it offers attractive beaches, laterite hillocks and a pleasing landscape. It is also a focus of urban and tourist development.
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West Delhi
West Delhi (Hindi: वेस्ट डेल्ही) is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.
West Delhi is bound by the districts of North West Delhi to the north, North Delhi and Central Delhi to the east, South West Delhi to the south, and Jhajjar District of Haryana state to the west.
West Delhi has an area of 129 km², with a population density of nearly 14,000 persons per km². The population of 1,743,980 consists of 949,750 males and 794,230 females. Children between 0–6 years are 203,528 consisting of 109,526 boys and 94,002 girls. The literacy rate is above 70% at a total of 1,301,252 of which 739,572 are males and 561,680 females.
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Patel Nagar, Rajouri Garden, and Punjabi Bagh. Major residential and commercial areas like Janakpuri and Tilak Nagar are located in West Delhi.
According to the 2011 census West Delhi has a population of 2,531,583 , roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 169th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 19,625 inhabitants per square kilometre (50,830 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.91 %. West Delhi has a sex ratio of 876 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.12 %.
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Yamuna Nagar
Yamuna Nagar pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: यमुनानगर, Punjabi: ਯਮੁਨਾਨਗਰ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Yamuna Nagar district in the Indian state of Haryana. This town is known for the cluster of plywood units. The older town is called Jagadhri. The Jagadhari Railway Station services the city. It is a green, clean and prosperous industrial city.[citation needed] However, due to recent spur in Industrial units in and around the city have resulted in severe air, water and soil pollution issues.[citation needed]
Yamuna Nagar has the river Yamuna running through the district, and forming the eastern boundary with the neighbouring Saharanpur district. This boundary is also a state boundary, as Saharanpur is in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The distt. also separates the Yamuna system from the Satluj river system.
Towards its northern edge is a sub-mountainous region, which has more forest cover and lots of streams; it is the area where the river Yamuna flows out of the hills and into the plains. The northern boundary is also an interstate boundary with the state of Himachal Pradesh to the north. Sirmour in Himachal is the district to its north with the towns of Nahan and Paonta Sahib close to the boundary with Yamuna nagar.
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Adil Shah
Adil or Adel Shah Afshar, born ʿAlī-qolī Khan (Modern Persian: عادل شاه افشار) (died 1749) was the Afsharid Shahof Iran from 1747 to 1748, a nephew and successor of Nader Shah, the found of the Afsharid dynasty.
Ali-qoli khan was the eldest son of Nader's brother, Ebrahim Khan. Nader appointed him governor of Mashad in 1737. In the same year he married Princess Ketevan, daughter of the Georgian king Teimuraz II, Nader's ally. In 1740 he was also married to a daughter of Abu'l-Fayz, ruler of recently subdued Bokhara.
From 1743 to 1747, Ali-qoli khan commanded Nader's troops against the Yazidis of Kurdistan, the Karakalpaks and Uzbeks of Khwarazm and in Sistan. He then ran afoul with his uncle over the letter's decision to levy 100,000 tomans on him and Nader's suspiciousness. In April 1747, Ali-qoli khan, in conjunction with the rebels of Sistan, occupied Herat and induced the Kurds into rebellion. Nader, on his march against the insurgents, was murdered by a group of his officers, who offered the crown to Ali-qoli.
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Akbar
Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: جلال الدین محمد اکبر - Jalāl ud-Dīn Muḥammad Akbar), also known as Shahanshah Akbar-e-Azam or Akbar the Great (14 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Emperor Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India. He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors.
Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne in Delhi (February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful Pashtun descendants of Sher Shah Suri, and at the Second Battle of Panipat he decisively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king Hemu. It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern and central India into his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful Hindu Rajput caste, and by marrying Rajput princesses.
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Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhiu 'd-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb (Persian/Urdu: ابلمظفر محىالدين محمداورنگزيب, Hindi: अबुल मुज़फ्फर मुहिउद्दीन मुहम्मद औरंगज़ेब आलमगीर) (4 November [O.S. 25 October] 1618 – 3 March [O.S. 20 February] 1707), is more popularly known as Aurangzeb, or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir ("Conquerer of the World"), he was the sixth Mughal Emperor, whose reign lasted for 49 years, from 1658 until his death in 1707.
Aurangzeb was a notable expansionist and was also among the wealthiest of the previous Mughal rulers with an annual yearly tribute of £38,624,680 (in the year 1690), during his lifetime victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to more than 1.25 million square miles, he ruled over more than 150 million subjects, constituting nearly one fourth of the world's population.
Aurangzeb was born the third son and sixth child of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Bāno Begam) in Dahod on the way to Ujjain. Aurangzeb was born when Shah Jahan was a governor of Gujarat suba. In June 1626, after an unsuccessful rebellion by his father, Aurangzeb and his brother Dara Shikoh were kept as hostages under Nur Jahan at there grandfather Jahangir's Lahore court. On 26 February 1628, Shah Jahan was officially declared the Mughal Emperor, and then Aurangzeb returned to Agra fort to live with his parents and Since then Aurangzeb received his formal education in Arabic and Persian. His daily allowance were fixed to
500, while he spent his allowance in religious education and the study of history, he accused his brothers of alcoholism and womanizing.
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Babur
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530; sometimes also spelt Baber or Babar) was a conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor. He was a direct descendant of Timur through his father, and a descendant also of Genghis Khan through his mother. Babur identified his lineage as Timurid and Chaghatay-Turkic. He was greatly influenced by Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors, giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent.
Ẓahīr ad-Dīn Muḥammad (Persian: ﻇﻬﻴﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ محمد, also known by his royal titles as al-ṣultānu 'l-ʿazam wa 'l-ḫāqān al-mukkarram bādshāh-e ġāzī), is more commonly known by his nickname, Bābur (بابر).
According to Stephen Frederic Dale, the name Babur is derived from the Persian word babr, meaning "tiger", a word that repeatedly appears in Firdawsī's Shāhnāma and had also been borrowed by the Turkic languages of Central Asia. This thesis is supported by the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, explaining that the Turko-Mongol name Timur underwent a similar evolution, from the Sanskrit word cimara ("iron") via a modified version *čimr to the final Turkicized version timür, with -ür replacing -r due to the Turkish vowel harmony (hence babr → babür).[citation needed]
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Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km2 and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.
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Hemu
Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, Hemu Vikramaditya, Raja Vikramaditya or simply Hemu (Hindi: सम्राट हेम चंद्र विक्रमादित्य) (1501–5 November 1556) was a Hindu emperor of India during the sixteenth century AD. This was one of the crucial periods in Indian history, when the Mughals and Afghans were desperately vying for power.
The son of a Hindu priest, who later became a food seller, and a vendor of saltpetre at Rewari, Hemu rose to become Chief of Army and Prime Minister of Adil Shah Suri of the Suri Dynasty. He fought Afghan rebels across North India from the Punjab to Bengal and the Mughal forces of Akbar and Humayun in Agra and Delhi, winning 22 battles continuously, without a single setback.
Hem Chandra acceded to the throne of Delhi on 7 October 1556, assuming the title of "Vikramaditya" that had been earlier adopted by many Hindu kings since the Vedic times. His Rajyabhishek (coronation) as Samrat was held at Purana Quila in Delhi. Hemu re-established the Hindu rule (albeit for a short duration) in North India, after over 350 years of Muslim rule. Some historians say that this rule was on the pattern of a strong Hindu state prevailing in South India for more than three centuries, known as 'Vijaynagar Empire'. Hemu struck coins bearing his title.
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Humayun
Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun (Persian: نصیر الدین محمد همایون; full title: Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Jam-i-Sultanat-i-haqiqi wa Majazi, Sayyid al-Salatin, Abu'l Muzaffar Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun Padshah Ghazi, Zillu'llah; OS 7 March 1508 – OS 17 January 1556) was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but with Persian aid, he eventually regained an even larger one. On the eve of his death in 1556, the Mughal empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.
He succeeded his father in India in 1530, while his half-brother Kamran Mirza, who was to become a rather bitter rival, obtained the sovereignty of Kabul and Lahore, the more northern parts of their father's empire. He originally ascended the throne at the age of 22 and was somewhat inexperienced when he came to power.
Humayun lost Mughal territories to the Pashtun noble, Sher Shah Suri, and, with Persian aid, regained them 15 years later. Humayun's return from Persia, accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen, signaled an important change in Mughal court culture, as the Central Asian origins of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of Persian art, architecture, language and literature and also there are many stone carved and Persian language In India from the time of Humayun also thousands of Persian manuscript in India.
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Ibrahim Lodi
Ibrahim Lodi (Pashto: ابراهیم لودي, Hindi: इब्राहिम लोधी) (b.? - April 21, 1526) was one of the rulers of the Lodi dynasty who became the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate in India. He was an Afghan (specifically of the Ghilzai tribe of Pashtuns) who ruled over much of northern India from 1517 to 1526, when he was defeated by Babur's army.
Lodi attained the throne upon the death of his father, Sikandar Lodi, but was not blessed with the same ruling capability. He faced a number of rebellions. The Mewar ruler Rana Sanga extended his empire right up to western Uttar Pradesh and threatened to attack Agra. There was rebellion in the East also. Lodi also displeased the nobility when he replaced old and senior commanders by younger ones who were loyal to him. He was feared and loathed by his subjects. His Afghan nobility eventually invited Babur to invade India.
Ibrahim died in the Battle of Panipat, where Babur's artillery and the desertion of many of Lodi's soldiers led to his downfall, despite superior troop numbers.
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Jahangir
|سلیم جهانگیر نورالدین}}}} Persian: نورالدین سلیم جهانگیر Hindi: नूरुद्दीन सलीम जहांगीर) (full title: Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Khushru-i-Giti Panah, Abu'l-Fath Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi [Jannat-Makaani]) (20 September 1569 – 8 November 1627) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1605 until his death. The name Jahangir is from Persian جهانگیر,meaning "Conqueror of the World". Nur-ud-din or Nur al-Din is an Arabic name that means " Light of the Faith". Born as Prince Muhammad Salim and nicknamed Sheykhu Baba, he was the third and eldest surviving son of Mogul Emperor Akbar. Akbar's twin sons, Hasan and Hussain, died in infancy. His mother was the Rajput Princess of Amber, Jodhabai(born Rajkumari Hira Kunwari, eldest daughter of Raja Bihar Mal or Bharmal, Raja of Amber, India). Jahangir was a child of many prayers.]
It is said to be by the blessing of Shaikh Salim Chishti (one of the revered sages of his times) that Akbar's first surviving child, the future Jahangir, was born. The child was named Salim after the dervish and was affectionately addressed by Akbar as Sheikhu Baba.
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Jayapala
Jayapala Janjua Shahi, the son of Asatapala and father of Anandapal, was the first king and founder of the Hindushahi dynasty of Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan. He succeeded the last Brahman Shahi king Bhimadeva in about 964 CE, and thus began the Janjua Rajput phase of Shahiya Dynasties. Epithets from the Bari Kot inscriptions record his full title as "Parambhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Paramesvara Sri Jayapala deva" the first Emperor of the Janjua Shahi phase.
He is celebrated as a hero in his struggles in defending his kingdom from the Turkic rulers of Ghazni. Jayapala saw a danger in the consolidation of this new kingdom and assaulted Ghazna both in the reign of Sebuk Tigin and in that of his son Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, thereby beginning the Ghaznavid and Hindu Shahi struggles. Sebuk Tigin, however, defeated him, and he was forced to pay an indemnity. He defaulted on the payment and took the field once more. Again defeated, he lost lands all the way from Kabul valley to the Indus River. In 1001, soon after Mahmud came to power and was occupied with the Qarakhanids to his north, he assaulted Ghazni once more and upon suffering yet another defeat by the Ghaznavid forces in 1001, near Peshawar, committed himself to a funeral pyre because his subjects thought he had brought disaster and disgrace to the dynasty.
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Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud of Ghazni (Persian: محمود غَزنوی / Maḥmūd-e Ġaznawī; November 2, 971 – April 30, 1030), actually Yamīn ad-Dawlah Abdul-Qāṣim Maḥmūd Ibn Sebüktegīn, was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty who ruled from 997 until his death in 1030 in the eastern Iranian lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, as well as Pakistan and North-West India. He was also the first ruler to carry the title Sultan ("authority"), signifying the extent of his power, though preserving the ideological link to the suzerainty of the Caliph.
In 994, Mahmud joined his father Sebüktigin in the capture of Khorasan from the rebel Fa'iq in aid of the Samanid Emir, Nuh II. During this period the Samanid state became highly unstable, with shifting internal political tides as various factions vied for control, the chief among them being Abu'l-Qasim Simjuri, Fa'iq, Abu Ali[citation needed], the General Behtuzun as well as the neighbouring Buyids and Qarakhanids. Mahmud took over his father's kingdom in 998. In 1002, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Sistan, dethroned Khalaf I, last of the Saffarid amirs, and ended the Saffarid dynasty.
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Mirza Ghiyas Beg
Mirza Ghiyas Beg (Persian: مرزا غياث بيگ) was an important official in the Mughal empire, whose children served as wives, mothers, and generals of the Mughal emperors.
Ghiyās Beg immigrated to India from Persia after the death of his father and his family's fall from grace. He was received by the Emperor Akbar, and quickly climbed his way through the intricate Mughal court, serving as a court official under Akbar and his son, Jahangir. Akbar conferred the title of I'timād-ud-Daulah (pillar of the state) on him.
He was an important official the rule of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, and served as the Diwan of the Empire, the chief treasurer, and he was given the title 'I'timād-ud-Daulah' (Persian: اعتماد الدوله), which means 'Pillar of the State'. His daughter, Mehrunissa (Nūr Jahān) married Jahāngīr in 1611, and his son Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan served as a general to Jahangir.
He was also the grandfather of Mumtaz Mahal (originally named Arjumand Bano, daughter of Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan), the wife of the emperor Shah Jahan, responsible for the building of the Taj Mahal. Jahangir was succeeded by his son Shah Jahan, and Abdul Hasan served as one of Shah Jahan's closest advisors. Shah Jahan married Abdul Hasan's daughter Arjumand Banu Begum, Mumtāz Mahal, who was the mother of his four sons, including his successor Aurangzeb. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal to serve as Mumtaz Mahal's tomb.
wn.com/Mirza_Ghiyas_Beg -
Mumtaz Mahal
Mumtaz Mahal (April 1593 – 17 June 1631) (Persian, Urdu: ممتاز محل [mumˈt̪aːz mɛˈɦɛl]; meaning "the chosen one of the palace") born as Arjumand Banu Begum was a Mughal Empress and chief consort of emperor Shah Jahan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Taj Mahal, Agra was constructed by her husband as her final resting place.
Arjumand Banu Begum was born in Agra into a family of Persian nobility, as a daughter of Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, making her a niece (and later daughter-in-law) of Empress Nur Jehan, the wife of the emperor Jahangir. Arjumand Banu Begum was married at the age of 19, on 10 May 1612, to Prince Khurram, known as Shah Jahan, who conferred upon her the title "Mumtaz Mahal". Though betrothed to Shah Jahan in 1607, she ultimately became his third wife, in 1612, and was his favorite. She died in Burhanpur in the Deccan (now in Madhya Pradesh) during the birth of their fourteenth child, a daughter named Gauhara Begum.
Mumtaz Mahal mothered fourteen children by Shah Jahan, including Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan's successor, the Imperial Prince Dara Shukoh the heir apparent anointed by Shah Jahan and Jahanara Begum, the Imperial Princess.
wn.com/Mumtaz_Mahal -
Raghav
Raghav Mathur (born April 2, 1981), known professionally as Raghav, is a Canadian singer, currently signed to Cordova Bay Records. He is best known for his single "Angel Eyes" which peaked at number 7 in the UK in 2005. His singles "So Confused", "Can't Get Enough" and "It Can't Be Right" reached the UK top ten in 2004 making him the only artist that year to have three top ten hits in the UK chart.
Raghav was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to Hindu parents from India. His parents soon moved to Calgary and Fort McMurray, Alberta, where he grew up. At the age of 15, music became a heavy feature in his life and alongside the Indian influences at home, became heavily influenced by R&B. By the time he was 16, he wrote a song that was awarded by the National Songwriters Association of USA. At 17 he moved to Los Angeles, California, United States to develop his vocal skills by Seth Riggs who has trained, amongst others, Madonna, Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder. A year later he moved to Liverpool, England where he studied at the Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts. During his time in college he joined R&B band 11/7 which was nominated for a Mobo Award for best unsigned artist.
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Rajput
A Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, “son of a king”) is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and some parts of Pakistan. They claim to be descendants of ruling Hindu warrior classes of North India.[dubious – discuss] Rajputs rose to prominence during the 6th to 12th centuries. Until the 20th century Rajputs ruled in the "overwhelming majority" of the princely states of Rajasthan and Surashtra, where the largest number of princely states were found.
The Rajput population and the former Rajput states are found spread through much of the subcontinent, particularly in north, west and central India. Populations are found in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Surashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra.
Rajput is from the Sanskrit word Raja-Putra (son of a king). The word is found in ancient texts, including the Vedas, the Ramayana, and the Mahabharata.[citation needed] It was used by the ancient Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini in the 4th century BCE.[citation needed] The word Kshatriya ("warrior") was used for the Vedic community of warriors and rulers. To differentiate royal warriors from other Kshatriyas the word Rajputra was used.[citation needed] Rajputra eventually was shortened to Rajput; gradually it became a caste.[citation needed] Rajputs claim descent from various mythological patrilineages, being Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi, Agnivanshi and Nagavanshi.[citation needed]
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Rana Sanga
Maharana Sangram Singh (commonly known as Rana Sanga) (April 12, 1484 – March 17, 1528)
Sangram Singh who was popularly known as Rana Sanga was younger son of Rana Raimal of Mewar who succeed Rana Kumbha. He is famous for his daring military exploits and vast conquests across Western India in early sixteenth century.
A war of succession followed last days and death of Raimal – his sons jockeyed for power and in civil war that followed, all princes were killed except Sanga who had much earlier left for Malwa where he lived for a while incognito as a cattleherd. Rajput sardars of Mewar who found out Sanga, invited him to become Rana as there was no one left for throne. Thus Sanga became Rana in 1509.
By war and diplomacy, he united all warring principalities of Rajasthan under his leadership – a remarkable feat when one consider the fact that no once could attain this after death of Prithviraj Chauhan in late 12th century AD.
Once he brought whole of Rajasthan under his control, he made his move on Malwa – Malwa ruled by Mehmod Khilji was torn by dissensions – Mehmod was wary of overgrown power of his Rajput wazir Medini Rai and his followers and so Mehmod who lacked personal strength to deal with Medini Rai asked for help from Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi and Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. Medini Rai on his part requested Rana Sanga to come to his aid.
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Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan(also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan,(Urdu: شاه جہاں, Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592–January 22, 1666), (full title: Shahanshah Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Malik-ul-Sultanat, Ala Hazrat Abu'l-Muzaffar Shahab ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani, Padshah Ghazi Zillu'llah, Firdaus-Ashiyani, Shahanshah—E--Sultanant Ul Hindiya Wal Mughaliya) was the emperor of the Mughal Empire in South Asia from 1628 until 1658. The name Shah Jahan comes from Persian meaning "Ruler of Everywhere". He was the fifth Mughal emperor after Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Jahangir. While young, he was favourite of his legendary grandfather, Akbar the Great. Shah Jahan was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through Timur and was the heir of the Mughal Empire of Babur, he is also alleged to have been a descendant of Charlemagne.
At a young age, he was chosen as successor to the Mughal throne after the death of Emperor Jahangir. He succeeded to the throne upon his father's death in 1627. He is considered to be one of the greatest Mughals, and his reign has been called the Golden Age of the Mughals and one of the most prosperous ages of Indian civilization. Like Akbar, he was eager to expand his vast empire. In 1658, he fell ill and was confined by his son Emperor Aurangzeb in the Agra Fort until his death in 1666.
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Shiv Dayal Singh
Seth Shiv Dayal Singh (also known as Swami Ji or Soami Ji; August 25, 1818, Agra, Uttar Pradesh – June 15, 1878, Agra) was born on the 25th August. At the age of five, he was sent to school where he learnt Hindi, Urdu, Persian and Gurumukhi. He also acquired a working knowledge of Arabic and Sanskrit. The recitation of the Sikh scriptures was an article of faith in his family. His father, Sardar Dilwali Singh Sethi was a Sahejdhari Khatri Sikh, belonging to the order of Nanak Panthis. His family including his father, mother, mother-in-law, sister and his wife Radha Ji Naraini Devi were the followers of Param Sant Tulsi Sahib from Hathras, India.Sant Tulsi Sahib ji initiated him at the age of six.
He was married at an early age to Naraini Devi, daughter of Izzat Rai of Faridabad. She was of a generous disposition and was very devoted to her husband. Shiv Dayalji was selected direct from school to act as a Persian expert to a government officer in Banda. As the job did not suit him, he gave it up and took another job as a teacher of Persian with a talukdar of Ballabhgarh estate. His spiritual cravings, however, were so intense that worldly attainments no longer attracted him and he gave up even this lucrative job. He returned home for devoting his entire time to religious pursuits.
wn.com/Shiv_Dayal_Singh -
Shivaji
Shivaji Bhosale ([ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), with the royal title Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was a Maratha sovereign who founded the Maratha Empire, which, at its peak, covered much of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing a territory of over 2.8 million km². Shivaji as an aristocrat of the Bhosle clan led a resistance to free the Maratha people from the Sultanate of Bijapur and the Mughal Empire and established a Hindavi Swarajya ("self-rule of Hindu people"). He created an independent Maratha kingdom with Raigad as its capital. He was crowned as Chhatrapati ("sovereign") of the Maratha empire in 1674.
He established a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of a well-regulated and disciplined military and well-structured administrative organizations. He also innovated rules of military engagement, pioneering the "Shiva sutra" or ganimi kava (guerrilla tactics), which leveraged strategic factors like geography, speed, surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat his larger and more powerful enemies From a small contingent of 2,000 soldiers inherited from his father, he created a formidable force of 100,000 soldiers. He built and restored forts located strategically on land & sea for secure lands and coastline. He revived ancient Hindu political tradition & court conventions, and promoted Marathi and Sanskrit in court and administration usage. He is well known for his strong religious and warrior code of ethics and exemplary character. He was recognized as a great national hero during Indian Independence movement.
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Sikandar Lodi
Sikandar Lodi (died November 21, 1517), born Nizam Khan, was the second ruler of the Afghan Lodi Dynasty, who reigned over Sultanate of Delhi from 1489 to 1517.
Sikandar Lodi was the son of Sultan Bahlul Khan Lodi and Bibi Ambha, the daughter of a Hindu goldsmith of Sirhind.
He became Sultan upon the death of his father on July 17, 1489. His rise to power was troublesome, with his older brother, Barbak Shah, the viceroy of Jaunpur, also staking a claim to the throne despite their father's nomination of Sikandar. However, he was able to claim the throne through delegation and was able to avoid massive bloodshed. In fact, he allowed his brother to keep governing Jaunpur, while also settling differences with an uncle, Alam Khan, who was also suspected of usurping the throne. Sikandar proved to be a capable ruler who was kind to his Muslim subjects, but was extremely harsh to his Hindu subjects. He expanded Lodi territory into the regions of Gwalior and Bihar. He made a treaty with Alauddin Hussain Shah and his kingdom of Bengal. He was able to bring his native Afghan nobles under his control, and encouraged trade across his holdings. In 1503, he commissioned the building of the present-day city of Agra.
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Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethnic groups that live in northern, central and western Asia, northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds. The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people including existing societies such as the Turkish, Azerbaijani, Chuvashes, Kazakhs, Tatars, Kyrgyzs, Turkmens, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Bashkirs, Qashqai, Gagauzs, Yakuts, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Karakalpaks, Karachays, Nogais and as well as past civilizations such as the Göktürks, Kumans, Kipchaks, Avars, Bulgars, Turgeshes, Khazars, Seljuk Turks, Ottoman Turks, Mamluks, Timurids and possibly Huns and the Xiongnu.
The distribution of people of Turkic cultural background ranges from Siberia, across Central Asia, to Eastern Europe. As of 2011[update] the largest groups of Turkic people live throughout Central Asia—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan, in addition to Turkey and Iran. Additionally, Turkic people are found within Crimea, East Turkistan region of western China, northern Iraq, Pakistan, Israel, Russia, Afghanistan, and the Balkans: Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, and former Yugoslavia. A small number of Turkic people also live in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Small numbers inhabit eastern Poland and the south-eastern part of Finland. There are also considerable populations of Turkic people (originating mostly from Turkey) in Germany, United States, and Australia, largely because of migrations during the 20th century.
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Driving on the Yamuna Expressway: Delhi to Agra in two hours
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Is the higher toll tariff of Rs 320 for a one way ride by car worth it? NDTV's Siddharth Vinayak Patankar drove on the newly-inaugurated Yamuna Expressway to find out.
http://wn.com/Driving_on_the_Yamuna_Expressway_Delhi_to_Agra_in_two_hours
Is the higher toll tariff of Rs 320 for a one way ride by car worth it? NDTV's Siddharth Vinayak Patankar drove on the newly-inaugurated Yamuna Expressway to find out.
Agra, India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Our first trip to India. From Delhi to the Taj Mahal to Agra Fort. Attention!!! All of the guidebooks that we read said that Agra was a slummy city not worth your time outside visiting the Taj Mahal, but after a day there, we fell completely in love with the city and the people. It's a financially poor city, but it has a genuine presence, worth exploring.
http://wn.com/Agra,_India
Our first trip to India. From Delhi to the Taj Mahal to Agra Fort. Attention!!! All of the guidebooks that we read said that Agra was a slummy city not worth your time outside visiting the Taj Mahal, but after a day there, we fell completely in love with the city and the people. It's a financially poor city, but it has a genuine presence, worth exploring.
- published: 03 Feb 2008
- views: 11505
- author: Nikkibart
KOLKATA - AGRA CANTT WEEKLY SUPERFAST WITH THE LAST P6 CONVERTED TO P4 22415
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:56
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
12319 Kolkata - Agra Cantt weekly Superfast blasts through the HB chord station Madhusudanpur with the last WAP 6 to be converted to WAP 4 ie, 22415 from Howrah shed. Camera: Sony Cybershot WX7
http://wn.com/KOLKATA_AGRA_CANTT_WEEKLY_SUPERFAST_WITH_THE_LAST_P6_CONVERTED_TO_P4_22415
12319 Kolkata - Agra Cantt weekly Superfast blasts through the HB chord station Madhusudanpur with the last WAP 6 to be converted to WAP 4 ie, 22415 from Howrah shed. Camera: Sony Cybershot WX7
- published: 27 Dec 2012
- views: 37
- author: ANAL GHOSH
Suno sunaaye aaj tumhe (Part1) Asha Bhosle Film Agra Road Music Roshan.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Suno sunaaye aaj tumhe Asha Bhosle Film Agra Road Music Roshan.
http://wn.com/Suno_sunaaye_aaj_tumhe_Part1_Asha_Bhosle_Film_Agra_Road_Music_Roshan
Suno sunaaye aaj tumhe Asha Bhosle Film Agra Road Music Roshan.
- published: 28 Dec 2012
- views: 50
- author: ajayuv
Agra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Streets of Agra www.juanjonet.com
http://wn.com/Agra
Taj Mahal - Agra - India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Taj Mahal - Agra - India Incredible India, Great India, Tourism India, India Tours & Travel, Travel India, India Tourism, Tour Operators India, Travel Companies, Tour Companies, India Tour Travel, Tour Company, Tour Operator, Travel Company, Tour Operators, TourTravelCompanies.com All Credits to the Producers of the video. Visit us at www.tourtravelcompanies.com
http://wn.com/Taj_Mahal_Agra_India
Taj Mahal - Agra - India Incredible India, Great India, Tourism India, India Tours & Travel, Travel India, India Tourism, Tour Operators India, Travel Companies, Tour Companies, India Tour Travel, Tour Company, Tour Operator, Travel Company, Tour Operators, TourTravelCompanies.com All Credits to the Producers of the video. Visit us at www.tourtravelcompanies.com
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 4115
- author: TourTravel Companies
Agra Ke Andhe - Akbar Birbal Animated Story - Hindi Part 18
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:08
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Animation series of Akbar and Birbal Stories Agra Ke Andhe - Part 18
http://wn.com/Agra_Ke_Andhe_Akbar_Birbal_Animated_Story_Hindi_Part_18
Animation series of Akbar and Birbal Stories Agra Ke Andhe - Part 18
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 18115
- author: UltraHindi
History of TAJ MEHAL, Agra, India. Latest Video on Feb2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Taj Mehal
http://wn.com/History_of_TAJ_MEHAL,_Agra,_India_Latest_Video_on_Feb2012
Video TMC Srl - Fiera Agra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
Video TMC - Fiera Agra
http://wn.com/Video_TMC_Srl_Fiera_Agra
Tujhe kya batlau - LAKHBIR SINGH LAKHA IN AGRA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Tujhe_kya_batlau_LAKHBIR_SINGH_LAKHA_IN_AGRA
Taj Mahal Agra - The Love Pales
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:23
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
A film on the effects of pollution on the Taj Mahal and explaining the yellowing of the marble.
http://wn.com/Taj_Mahal_Agra_The_Love_Pales
A film on the effects of pollution on the Taj Mahal and explaining the yellowing of the marble.
- published: 29 Dec 2012
- author: SrimaaCommunications
Har Har Bum Bum - LAkhbir Singh Lakha Live in Agra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
(delar mehndi music) nana na na re
http://wn.com/Har_Har_Bum_Bum_LAkhbir_Singh_Lakha_Live_in_Agra
2 Chainz - Vi-agra - Tity Boi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/2_Chainz_Vi-agra_Tity_Boi
TAJ MAHAL,a timeless beauty in India(agra)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
definition of love in Islamic style , towards his loving wife MUMTAZ MAHAL
http://wn.com/TAJ_MAHAL,a_timeless_beauty_in_Indiaagra
definition of love in Islamic style , towards his loving wife MUMTAZ MAHAL
- published: 29 Dec 2012
- author: zakir hussain
Agra beautiful Pigeons 38
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Agra_beautiful_Pigeons_38
kumar vishwas in agra great speak with team anna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:02
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
great speak by team anna member kumar vishwas
http://wn.com/kumar_vishwas_in_agra_great_speak_with_team_anna
great speak by team anna member kumar vishwas
- published: 30 Nov 2011
- views: 86264
- author: amit kumar
Boeing 747-400 Air India (VT-EVA/Agra) Pushback - King Khalid International Airport Riyadh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:42
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
AI920 Flying to Mumbai, CSIA, India Time 4:30 PM
http://wn.com/Boeing_747-400_Air_India_VT-EVA_Agra_Pushback_King_Khalid_International_Airport_Riyadh
AI920 Flying to Mumbai, CSIA, India Time 4:30 PM
- published: 08 Jan 2012
- views: 8607
- author: Afsal Zain
Agra for you..
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Know about Agra, from experts.. Tourism Guild presentation..
http://wn.com/Agra_for_you
Know about Agra, from experts.. Tourism Guild presentation..
- published: 29 Dec 2012
- views: 3
- author: Ioacon Sanjay Chaturvedi
Guided tour of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
www.patrickschwerdtfeger.com This video offers a guided tour of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. It was takenwhile visiting to conduct two Social Media Workshops. The first was held in New Delhi and the second in Jaipur, both in July, 2010. Patrick is the author of "Webify Your Business -- Internet Marketing Secrets for the Self-Employed" (2009) as well as "Make Yourself Useful -- Marketing in the 21st Century" (2008) and has spoken about Modern Entrepreneurship, Online Branding and the Social Media Revolution at conferences around the world. Patrick is a sought-after professional speaker who has spoken in Canada, the United States, Europe, South America and Asia. Call 510-282-4115 to inquire about speaking fees and scheduling. http
http://wn.com/Guided_tour_of_the_Taj_Mahal_in_Agra,_India
www.patrickschwerdtfeger.com This video offers a guided tour of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. It was takenwhile visiting to conduct two Social Media Workshops. The first was held in New Delhi and the second in Jaipur, both in July, 2010. Patrick is the author of "Webify Your Business -- Internet Marketing Secrets for the Self-Employed" (2009) as well as "Make Yourself Useful -- Marketing in the 21st Century" (2008) and has spoken about Modern Entrepreneurship, Online Branding and the Social Media Revolution at conferences around the world. Patrick is a sought-after professional speaker who has spoken in Canada, the United States, Europe, South America and Asia. Call 510-282-4115 to inquire about speaking fees and scheduling. http
- published: 19 Jul 2010
- views: 71480
- author: Patrick Schwerdtfeger
Dr Kumar Vishwas & other Kavi in Agra August, 2011 (MUKUL SHARMA 09528832015)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 70:27
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Program Producer : Amar Ujala, Sea Network (Agra), Gayatri Developer etc. Program Place : St. Jones College, Agra Program Month : August, 2011 Uploaded By : Mukul Sharma (09528832015) Emil Id : ann.mukul@gmail.com
http://wn.com/Dr_Kumar_Vishwas_other_Kavi_in_Agra_August,_2011_MUKUL_SHARMA_09528832015
Program Producer : Amar Ujala, Sea Network (Agra), Gayatri Developer etc. Program Place : St. Jones College, Agra Program Month : August, 2011 Uploaded By : Mukul Sharma (09528832015) Emil Id : ann.mukul@gmail.com
- published: 22 Oct 2011
- views: 23870
- author: Mukul Sharma
AAna Pawan Kumar-Lakhbir Singh Lakha Live in Agra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/AAna_Pawan_Kumar-Lakhbir_Singh_Lakha_Live_in_Agra
SWR - Tenshi Hinanai's Theme - Catastrophe in Bhava-agra ~ Wonderful Heaven
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
The music playing during the battle with Tenshi Hinanai in 'Touhou: Scarlet Weather Rhapsody'.
http://wn.com/SWR_Tenshi_Hinanai's_Theme_Catastrophe_in_Bhava-agra_~_Wonderful_Heaven
The music playing during the battle with Tenshi Hinanai in 'Touhou: Scarlet Weather Rhapsody'.
- published: 04 Jan 2009
- views: 80951
- author: Louchan2
Kumar Vishwas speaks on corruption in Agra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:02
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Kumar Vishwas speaks on corruption in Agra.
http://wn.com/Kumar_Vishwas_speaks_on_corruption_in_Agra
Kumar Vishwas speaks on corruption in Agra.
- published: 30 Oct 2011
- views: 87601
- author: PRATUL PANDYA
photo: AP / Altaf Qadri
29 Dec 2012
Police in India have sealed off much of the capital, Delhi, and issued an appeal for calm after the death of a woman who was gang-raped in the city. The 23-year old woman, who has not been identified, died early on Saturday at a hospital in Singapore, where she had been taken for specialist treatment. Her body is to be flown back to India for burial ... Gatherings of more than five people have been banned in the city centre ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: AP / Shaam News Network
30 Dec 2012
London. UN-Arab League envoy to Damascus, Lakhdar Brahimi, has said that a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Syria seemed far away, adding that the country risked being slithering into ‘hell’ ... (ANI). For Zee News’s Updates, follow us on Twitter , Facebook, Google+, Pinterest. First Published ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / New York City Police Department
30 Dec 2012
A woman who told police she shoved a man to his death off a subway platform because she has hated Muslims since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the US and thought he was one was charged on Saturday with murder as a hate crime, prosecutors said ... Menendez, 31, was awaiting arraignment on the charge on Saturday evening, Queens District Attorney Richard Brown said. She faces 25 years to life in prison if convicted ... On Dec ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
photo: WN / Yolanda Leyba
28 Dec 2012
Galaxy Note 2 vs. iPhone 5. Do The Companies Have Their Game Plans Right?. Posted by Jay099 on December 28, 2012 02.15 pm 0. via. Mountain View at California seems to be a busy center now. Google is stepping up the gas on the march towards a holistic environment and experience for the consumers ... My Blog . My FB Page ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
Newstrack India
30 Dec 2012
Agra, Dec 30 (IANS) With erratic and inadequate electricity and water supply for over a week, residents of the Taj city are facing a winter of discontent ... Agra Water Works, more than a century old, blames the erratic power for the disruption of its water supply ......(size: 2.1Kb)
Newstrack India
30 Dec 2012
Agra, Dec 30 (IANS) The website of the first-ever Taj Literature Festival being held here Feb 1-3, 2013, was launched by Agra Archbishop Albert D'Souza. D'Souza said the festival would change the literary profile of the Agra region ... Agra . Agra Chak Bo ... Agra Barrcks . Agra Ho . Agra Chauk ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Indian Express
30 Dec 2012
The states transport department will begin the process of issuing Smart Card Driving Licences (SCDLs) in 10 districts in the first fortnight of January 2013. The process of issuing SCDLs will be extended to the whole state by April ... Lucknow, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Agra, Jhansi, Allahabad, Barabanki, Varanasi, Aligarh and Meerut ....(size: 1.5Kb)
Newstrack India
30 Dec 2012
Tweet. London, Dec. 30 (ANI). Teen love is more moving for young people as it is a deeper relationship than any other they have experienced, which is why it becomes very hard to deal with it, a new study have revealed ... Lewis said infatuation, which was what most teenagers experienced in a relationship, was a more consuming emotion than love ... (ANI). Read More. American Samoa . New University Campus So ... Agra University ... ) .. ).. Comments. ... . . ....(size: 3.4Kb)
Newstrack India
30 Dec 2012
Tweet. London, Dec. 29 (ANI). Women wearing heels are rated as more attractive than when wearing flat shoes, even when the people who are making the judgement are unable to see their faces or bodies, researchers have revealed ... The researchers suggest that evolution could partly explain the continuing popularity of high heels as an article of the female wardrobe ... They then made judgements for femininity and attractiveness ... Agra University ....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
The Pink City and Agra are fast becoming preferred destinations to celebrate New Year's eve, finds a survey conducted by Assocham ... Assocham secretary general D S Rawat, said nearly 62% of the respondents have planned to go on a vacation to destinations in or around Delhi, like Jaipur, Agra, Shimla, Nanital and Kasauil among others and likely to shrink the budget for holiday trips due to increased costs....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
Meanwhile, Santosh Kamble of Rajeev Nagar Slum and Maruti Jamdade, resident of near Ashoka Tower were caught from near Kakaka Dhaba on Mumbai Agra Highway and Raju Kanade of Vijay Nagar, Bhagur was caught from near Kashish Hotel at Chetana Nagar ... College Road, Gangapur Road and Mumbai Agra Highway, where a large number of hotels are concentrated will be strictly monitored to prevent drunk driving, he said....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
JAIPUR. Cold wave conditions intensified across the state on Saturday, especially in the border districts. Many stations registered a dip of 4-6 degrees in both day and night temperatures ... Agra-bound buses were delayed as poor visibility at the Jaipur-Agra highway made vehicle movement chaotic ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
Muzaffarnagar recorded 1.8 degrees Celsius, Kanpur - 2.0 degrees Celsius, Najibabad - 2.5 degrees Celsius, Fatehgarh - 2.7 degrees Celsius and Agra - 2.9 degrees Celsius ... Places where visibility dropped below 200 metres in the state included Agra, Bahraich, Lucknow, Sultanpur, Gorakhpur, Allahabad and Varanasi ... Kanpur, Agra and Saharanpur....(size: 3.6Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
CHANDIGARH. Travelling in trains in heavy fog may get safer now ... During winter, a large number of accidents take place on tracks due to low visibility caused by fog ... Safety plans also include fencing of railway tracks, which will begin with the Delhi-Agra track, he informed ... The project will begin with the Delhi-Agra track ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
Indian Express
29 Dec 2012
Convictions. The year began with the conviction of 81-year-old Mohiniraj Kulkarni ... Rekha, who was a co-accused, turned approver and was released during trial ... Convicts Prasad Shetty (31), Arvind Chaudhary (35), Bhiku Thanki (46), Jitendra Modha (38), Chotu Ghisaiwala alias Ravetsingh (30) and Nitin Modha (40), from Vadodara, Porbandar and Agra, were handed out life term ... contd. PAGE. 123 ....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
The transport department is introducing issuance of smart card driving licences in 10 districts of UP namely. Lucknow, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Agra, Jhansi, Allahabad, Barabanki, Varanasi, Aligarh and Meerut in the first phase from January 2013. Forms for applying for driving licence have been simplified and made available on the website www.uptransport.org ... Seminar held. The two-day national seminar on 'Media and law interface ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
NASHIK. Hoteliers who violate any norm during New Year eve parties organized on their respective premises would face police action, informed commissioner of police Kulwant Kumar Sarangal on Saturday ... The zone I police held meetings with hoteliers of Gangapur road and College road, while the zone II police conducted meetings with those falling on the Mumbai Agra highway stretch passing through the city ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Agra district.
For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation).
| Agra आगरा |
|
| Akbarabad | |
| — city — | |
 |
|
|
|
|
| Coordinates | 27°11′N 78°01′E / 27.18°N 78.02°E / 27.18; 78.02Coordinates: 27°11′N 78°01′E / 27.18°N 78.02°E / 27.18; 78.02 |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District(s) | Agra |
| Population |
1,686,976 (19) (2010[update]) • 8,954 /km2 (23,191 /sq mi) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
188.40 km2 (73 sq mi) • 171 metres (561 ft) |
| Website | agra.nic.in |
Agra (i/ˈɑːɡrə/; Hindi: आगरा, Urdu: آ گرہ), the erstwhile capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometres (226 mi) west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India.[1] Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India.[2] Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
The city finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa, or 'the border of the forest'.[3] Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (circa 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present Fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni.[4] Sultan Sikandar Lodī was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in the year 1506; he died in 1517 and his son Ibrāhīm Lodī remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526.[5] It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal emperors from 1526 to 1658 and remains a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Agra
Agra features a semiarid climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate. The city features mild winters, hot and dry summers and a monsoon season. However the monsoons, though substantial in Agra, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. This is a primary factor in Agra featuring a semiarid climate as opposed to a humid subtropical climate.
Agra is mentioned in the ancient epic Mahabharata as Agraban, the sister city of the more prominent Mathura. Agra was established in 1475 by Badal Singh and came into its own when Sikander Lodhi of the Lodhi dynasty chose it for his capital because of its proximity to the Yamuna. Babur defeated the Lodhis to capture not only Agra but also to lay the foundation of the Mughal empire. In the mid-16th and earlier 17th centuries, Agra witnessed afrenzied building activity and it was during this time that the symbol of love, the Taj Mahal, was built. The buildings made during this era were purely in the contemporary Mughal style and of very high quality.
| Climate data for Agra, India | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 22.3 (72.1) |
25.2 (77.4) |
32 (90) |
38.5 (101.3) |
41.6 (106.9) |
40.7 (105.3) |
35.2 (95.4) |
33.7 (92.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.3 (93.7) |
29.7 (85.5) |
24.0 (75.2) |
32.63 (90.74) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.9 (60.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13 (55) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 9.0 (0.354) |
12.0 (0.472) |
10.0 (0.394) |
10.0 (0.394) |
16.0 (0.63) |
67.0 (2.638) |
196.0 (7.717) |
227.0 (8.937) |
113.0 (4.449) |
27.0 (1.063) |
3.0 (0.118) |
5.0 (0.197) |
695 (27.36) |
| % humidity | 64 | 55 | 45 | 35 | 34 | 46 | 72 | 77 | 67 | 54 | 56 | 64 | 55.8 |
| Source: [6] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
According to the 2011 India census,[7] Agra has a population of 3,575,134, while the population of Agra cantonment is 50,968 and that of Agra district is 3,620,436. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Agra district population grew by 31% in the decade 1991–2001. Roughly 57% of the population of Agra district lives in urban areas. Agra has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 86% males literate. Literacy rate of males is considerably higher than that of women. Agra district literacy rate is 62.56%
Hinduism, Islam, and Jainism are three major religions in Agra district with 89.6%, 8.93%, and 0.51% of the population following them. Jatavs, Baniyas and Jats, along with dominance of Rajputs in the rural areas mainly Sikarwar, Sisodia, Chauhan, Bargujar, Tomar and Raghavs are most numerous castes in Agra. Agra is also considered as dalit capital because Jatavs form a large section of the population and maintains a substantial middle class in society. Some Scheduled Tribes like the Bhotia and Jaunsari have marginal presence (about 0.02% of the population).
52.5% of Agra's population is in the 15–59 years age category. Around 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in Agra. Urdu and Punjabi are also spoken.
History[link]
Though Agra's history is largely recognised with Mughal Empire, the place was established much before it and has linkages since Mahabharat period and Mahirshi Angira in 1000 BC. It is generally accepted that Sultan Sikandar Lodī, the Ruler of the Delhi Sultanate founded Agra in the year 1504. After the Sultan's death the city passed on to his son Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526.
In the year 1556, the great Hindu warrior Hemu Vikramaditya, also known as Samrat Hem Chander Vikramaditya, won Agra as the Prime Minister cum Chief of Army of Adil Shah of the Afghan Sūrī Dynasty. The commander of Humāyūn / Akbar's forces in Agra, Tardi Beg Khan, was so scared of Hemu that he retreated from the city without a fight. This was Hemu's 21st continuous win since 1554, and he later went on to conquer Delhi, having his coronation at Purānā Qil'a in Delhi on 7 October 1556 and re-established the Hindu Kingdom and the Vikramaditya Dynasty in North India.
The golden age of the city began with the Mughals. It was known then as Akbarabād and remained the capital of the Mughal Empire under the Emperors Akbar, Jahāngīr and Shāh Jahān. Shāh Jahān later shifted his capital to Shāhjahānabād in the year 1649.
Since Akbarabād was one of the most important cities in India under the Mughals, it witnessed a lot of building activity. Babar, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, laid out the first formal Persian garden on the banks of river Yamuna. The garden is called the Arām Bāgh or the Garden of Relaxation. His grandson Akbar raised the towering ramparts of the Great Red Fort, besides making Agra a center for learning, arts, commerce and religion. Akbar also built a new city on the outskirts of Akbarabād called Fatehpūr Sikrī. This city was built in the form of a Mughal military camp in stone.
His son Jahāngīr had a love of gardens and flora and fauna and laid many gardens inside the Red Fort or Lāl Qil'a. Shāh Jahān, known for his keen interest in architecture, gave Akbarabād its most prized monument, the Tāj Mahal. Built in loving memory of his wife Mumtāz Mahal, the mausoleum was completed in 1653.
Shāh Jahān later shifted the capital to Delhi during his reign, but his son Aurangzeb moved the capital back to Akbarabād, usurping his father and imprisoning him in the Fort there. Akbarabād remained the capital of India during the rule of Aurangzeb until he shifted it to Aurangabad in the Deccan in 1653. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the city came under the influence of Marathas and Jats and was called Agra, before falling into the hands of the British Raj in 1803.
In 1835 when the Presidency of Agra was established by the British, the city became the seat of government, and just two years later it was witness to the Agra famine of 1837–38. During the Indian rebellion of 1857 British rule across India was threatened, news of the rebellion had reached Agra on 11 May and on 30 May two companies of native infantry, the 44th and 67th regiments, rebelled and marched to Delhi. The next morning native Indian troops in Agra were forced to disarm, on 15 June Gwalior (which lies south of Agra) rebelled. By 3 July the British were forced to withdraw into the fort. Two days later a small British force at Sucheta were defeated and forced to withdraw, this led to a mob sacking the city. However, the rebels moved onto Delhi which allowed the British to restore order by 8 July. Delhi fell to the British in September, the following month rebels who had fled Delhi along with rebels from Central India marched on Agra but were defeated. After this British rule was again secured over the city until the independence of India in 1947.[8]
Agra is the birthplace of the religion known as Dīn-i Ilāhī, which flourished during the reign of Akbar and also of the Radhaswami Faith, which has around two million followers worldwide. Agra has historic linkages with Shauripur of Jainism and Runukta of Hinduism, of 1000 BC.
Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Transport[link]
Air[link]
Agra Airport is about 12.5 km (8 mi) from the city center (Indian Air Force Airport - no scheduled commercial flights).
Rail[link]
Main article: Railways in Agra
Agra is on the central train line between Delhi (Station Code: NDLS) and Mumbai (Bombay) (Station Code: CSTM) and between Delhi and Chennai (Station Code: MAS) and many trains like Bhopal Shatabdi, Bhopal Express, Malwa Express, Gondwana Express, Jabalpur - Jammutawi Express, Shreedham Express, Garib Rath, Tamil Nadu Express, Chennai Rajdhni etc. connect Agra with all major Indian cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pune, Bhopal, Indore, Kochi, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Jaipur, Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram etc. every day. Some east-bound trains from Delhi also travel via Agra, so direct connections to points in Eastern India (including Kolkata) (Calcutta) are also available. There are close to 20 trains to New Delhi and Gwalior Junction every day, and at least three or four to Bhopal, Indore, Nagpur, Mumbai and Chennai. There are three main railway stations in Agra:
- Agra Cantt (Station Code: AGC) is the main railway station and lies southwest of the Taj and Agra Fort, both of which are a short ride from the station by car, auto-rickshaw, or cycle rickshaw.
- Agra Fort Railway Station (Station Code: AGF) near Agra Fort, is infrequently serviced by the interstate express trains, it is one of the oldest railway stations in the country. The station serves trains to east (Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Kolkata, Guwahati) and central India Ratlam, Nagda, Kota (Haldighati Express). Some of these trains also stop at Agra Cantt.
- Raja Ki Mandi (Station Code: RKM) is a small station. Some of the trains which stop at Agra Cantt also stop here. Other stations are Idgah, Billochpura, Agra City, Yamuna Bridge.
The luxury trains – the Palace on Wheels, and the Royal Rajasthan On Wheels also stop at Agra on their eight day round trip of tourist destinations in Rajasthan and Agra. The Buddhist Special Train also visits Agra.
Road[link]
Idgah Bus Stand, Taj Depot, Ford depot and Inter State Bus Terminal (ISBT) are the major Bus Stands in Agra, connecting it to most of the bigger cities in North India.
- From Delhi: NH2, a modern divided highway, connects the 200 km (124 mi) distance from Delhi to Agra. The drive is about 4 hours. The primary access to the highway is along Mathura Road in Delhi but, if coming from South Delhi or Delhi Airport, it is easier to take Aurobindo Marg (Mehrauli Road) and then work up to NH2 via Tughlakabad.
- From Jaipur: National Highway 11, a four lane divided highway, connects Agra with Jaipur via the bird sanctuary town of Bharatpur. The distance of around 255 km (158 mi) can be covered in around 3–4 hours.
- From Gwalior a distance of around 120 km (75 mi), takes around 1.5 hours on National highway 3, also known as the Agra – Mumbai Highway.
- From Lucknow / Kanpur NH2, the divided modern highway, continues on to Kanpur (285 km, 5 hours) and from there to points East ending in Kolkata. From Kanpur, NH25 heads for the city of Lucknow (90 km, 2 hours).
The Mahatma Gandhi (MG) Road which runs through the city connects it from one end to the other. In March 2010, the Uttar Pradesh government, through an open bidding process, chose Jaypee Associates to develop an Inner Ring Road to connect NH2/Yamuna Expressway in the north to NH3 in the south in a 30 month timeframe.[9][10] In September 2010, Gifford was chosen to design the road.
Taxi[link]
Tourists can hire a taxi for local sight seeing or Agra visit from local taxi stand. A prepaid taxi counter is available at Agra Cantt railway station.
Local transport[link]
Recently, under JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission) in order to revamp the city's urban infrastructure Tata-Marcopolo's city buses are being run by Agra Municipal Corporation covering the whole city in an efficient way. Other para-transit modes include rickshaws and autorickshaws. While passengers need to negotiate rates for the rickshaws and they are usually expensive, there is a system of (what is called) 'Tempo' which are autorickshaws that run on specific routes called out by the drivers. Tempos take around 6 people simultaneously and work out to be the most economical and practical. Polluting vehicles are not allowed near the Tāj Mahal, so one needs to take electric autos or Tanga (Tonga) from a few kilometres outside the Tāj Mahal.
Places of interest[link]
Tāj Mahal[link]
Main article: Taj Mahal
Agra's Taj Mahal is one of the most famous buildings in the world, the mausoleum of Shah Jahan's favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the world, and one of three World Heritage Sites in Agra.
Completed in 1653, the Tāj Mahal was built by the Mughal king Shah Jahan as the final resting place for his beloved wife, Mumtāz Mahal. Finished in marble, it is perhaps India's most fascinating and beautiful monument. This perfectly symmetrical monument took 22 years (1630–1652) of labour and 20,000 workers, masons and jewellers to build and is set amidst landscaped gardens. Built by the Persian architect, Ustād 'Īsā, the Tāj Mahal is on the bank of the Yamuna River. It can be observed from Agra Fort from where Emperor Shāh Jahān gazed at it, for the last eight years of his life, a prisoner of his son Aurangzeb. It is an acknowledged masterpiece of symmetry. Verses of the Koran are inscribed on it and at the top of the gate are twenty-two small domes, signifying the number of years the monument took to build. The Tāj Mahal was built on a marble platform that stands above a sandstone one. The most elegant dome of the Tāj Mahal has a diameter of 60 feet (18 m), and rises to a height of 80 feet (24 m); directly under this dome is the tomb of Mumtāz Mahal. Shah Jahān's tomb was erected next to hers by his son Aurangzeb. The interiors are decorated with fine inlay work, incorporating semi-precious stones.
Agra Fort[link]
Main article: Agra Fort
Agra Fort (sometimes called the Red Fort), was commissioned by the great Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1565, and is another of Agra's World Heritage Sites. A stone tablet at the gate of the Fort states that it had been built before 1000 but was later renovated by Akbar. The red sandstone fort was converted into a palace during Shāh Jahān's time, and reworked extensively with marble and pietra dura inlay. Notable buildings in the fort include the Pearl Mosque or Motī Masjid, the Dīwān-e-'Ām and Dīwān-e-Khās (halls of public and private audience), Jahāngīr's Palace, Khās Mahal, Shīsh Mahal (mirrored palace), and the Musamman Burj.[citation needed]
The forbidding exteriors of this fort conceal an inner paradise. The fort is crescent shaped, flattened on the east with a long, nearly straight wall facing the river. It has a total perimeter of 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi), and is ringed by double castellated ramparts of red sandstone punctuated at regular intervals by bastions. A moat 9 metres (30 ft) wide and 10 metres (33 ft) deep surrounds the outer wall.
Chhatrapati Shīvajī visited the Agra Fort, as a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Purandar entered into with Mirzā Rājā Jaisingh to meet Aurangzeb in the Dīwān-i-Khās (Special Audience Chamber). In the audience he was deliberately placed behind men of lower rank. An insulted Shīvajī stormed out of the imperial audience and was confined to Jai Sing's quarters on 12 May 1666. Fearing the dungeons and execution he escaped on 17 August 1666. A heroic equestrian statue of Shīvajī has been erected outside the fort.
The fort is a typical example of Mughal architecture, effectively showing how the North Indian style of fort construction differed from that of the South. In the South, the majority of forts were built on the seabed like the one at Bekal in Kerala.[11]
Fatehpūr Sikrī[link]
Main article: Fatehpur Sikri
The Mughal Emperor Akbar built Fatehpūr Sikrī about 35 km (22 mi) from Agra, and moved his capital there. Later abandoned, the site displays a number of buildings of significant historical importance. A World Heritage Site, it is often visited by tourists. The name of the place came about after the Mughal Emperor Bābar defeated Rāṇā Sāngā in a battle at a place called Sikrī (about 40 km (25 mi) from Agra). Then the Mughal Emperor Akbar wanted to make Fatehpūr Sikrī his head quarters, so he built a majestic fort; due to shortage of water, however, he had to ultimately move his headquarters to Agra Fort.
Buland Darwāza or 'the lofty gateway' was built by the great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601 CE. at Fatehpūr Sikrī. Akbar built the Buland Darwāza to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. The Buland Darwāza is approached by 52 steps. The Buland Darwāza is 53.63 m high and 35 meters wide. it is made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by carving and black and white marble inlays. An inscription on the central face of the Buland Darwāza demonstrates Akbar's religious broadmindedness, it is a message from Jesus advising his followers not to consider this world as their permanent home.
I'timād-Ud-Daulah[link]
Main article: Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb
The Empress Nūr Jahān built I'timād-Ud-Daulah's Tomb, sometimes called the 'Baby Tāj', for her father, Mirzā Ghiyās Beg, the Chief Minister of the Emperor Jahāngīr. Located on the left bank of the Yamuna river, the mausoleum is set in a large cruciform garden criss-crossed by water courses and walkways. The mausoleum itself covers about 23 square metres (250 sq ft), and is built on a base about fifty meters square and about one meter high. On each corner are hexagonal towers, about thirteen meters tall. Small in comparison to many other Mughal-era tombs, it is sometimes described as a jewel box. Its garden layout and use of white marble, pietra dura, inlay designs and latticework presage many elements of the Tāj Mahal.
The walls are white marble from Rajasthan encrusted with semi-precious stone decorations – cornelian, jasper, lapis lazuli, onyx, and topaz in images of cypress trees and wine bottles, or more elaborate decorations like cut fruit or vases containing bouquets. Light penetrates to the interior through delicate jālī screens of intricately carved white marble.
Many of Nūr Jahān's relatives are interred in the mausoleum. The only asymmetrical element of the entire complex is that the tombs of her father and mother have been set side-by-side, a formation replicated in the Taj Mahal is very famous.
Akbar's Tomb, Sikandra[link]
Main article: Tomb of Akbar the Great
Sikandra, the last resting place of the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great, is on the Delhi-Agra Highway, only 13 kilometres from the Agra Fort. Akbar's tomb reflects the completeness of his personality. The vast, beautifully carved, red-ochre sandstone tomb with deers, rabbits and langurs is set amidst a lush garden. Akbar himself planned his own tomb and selected a suitable site for it. To construct a tomb in one's lifetime was a Turkic custom which the Mughals followed religiously. Akbar's son Jahāngīr completed construction of this pyramidal tomb in 1613. The 99 names of Allah have been inscribed on the tomb.
Swāmī Bāgh Samādhi[link]
The Swāmī Bāgh Samādhi is a monument to hold the ashes of Huzūr Swāmijī Mahārāj (Shrī Shiv Dayāl Singh Seth) in the Swāmībāgh section, on the high road that goes from Bhagwan Talkies to Dayāl Bāgh, in the outskirts of the city. He was the founder of the Radhāswāmī Faith and the Samādhi is sacred to its followers. Construction began in February 1904 and still continues. Many believe that construction will never end at Swāmī Bāgh – it is often seen as the next Tāj Mahal. The carvings in stone, using a combination or coloured marble, are life-like and not seen anywhere else in India. The picture shown is taken from the rear of the building and shows only two floors. When completed, the Samādhi will have a carved dome and a gateway.
Mankameshwar Temple[link]
Main article: Mankameshwar Temple
The Mankameshwar Temple is one of four ancient temples dedicated to Lord Shiva located on the four corners of Agra City. It is located near the Jāma Masjid and is about 2.5 kilometers from the Tāj Mahal and less than 1 km (1 mi) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the temple is surrounded by markets, many of which date back to the Mughal Era.
Indrabhan Girls' Inter College[link]
It is widespreadly considered to be the birth place of great poet Mirza Ghalib. It is located near the Mankameshwar Temple and is about 3 kilometers from the Tāj Mahal and less than 1 km (1 mi) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the College is surrounded by markets. Approximately four or five years back, the birth room of Mirza Ghalib was hidden behind the wall by the Management of the college to keep the identity of the place secret.
Ankit kā Tal[link]
Main article: Ankit ka Tal
Ankit kā Tal was originally a reservoir meant to collect and conserve rainwater built in Agra, near Sikandra, during Jahāngīr's reign next to the Tomb of I'tibār Khān Khwājasara in 1610. In 1970s a gurdwāra was erected here. Ankit kā Tal is a holy place of worship for the Christians and Jains. Four of the ten Sikh Gurus are said to have paid it a visit. Enjoying both historical and religious importance, this holy shrine attracts a large number of devotees and tourists. Boasting elaborate stone carvings and eight of the twelve original towers. It is located by national (Delhi-Agra- Delhi) highway-2.
Jamā Masjid[link]
Main article: Jama Masjid (Agra)
The Jāma Masjid is a large mosque attributed to Shah Jahan's daughter, Princess Jahanara Begum, built in 1648, notable for its unusual dome and absence of minarets. The inscription at its entrance shows that it cost Rs 5 Lakhs at that time for its completion.
Chīnī kā Rauza[link]
Main article: Chini Ka Rauza
Notable for its Persian influenced dome of blue glazed tiles, the Chīnī kā Rauza is dedicated to the Prime Minister of Shāh Jahān, 'Allāma Afzal Khāl Mullā Shukrullāh of Shirāz.
Rām Bāgh[link]
Main article: Ram Bagh
The oldest Mughal garden in India, the Rām Bāgh was built by the Emperor Bābar in 1528 on the bank of the Yamuna. It lies about 2.34 km (1 mi) north of the Tāj Mahal. The pavilions in this garden are designed so that the wind from the Yamuna, combined with the greenery, keeps them cool even during the peak of summer. The original name of the gardens was Ārām Bāgh, or 'Garden of Relaxation', and this was where the Mughal emperor Bābar used to spend his leisure time and where he eventually died. His body was kept here for some time before sending it to Kabul.
Mariam's Tomb[link]
Main article: Mariams Tomb
Mariams Tomb, is the tomb of Mariam, the wife of great Mughal Emperor Akbar. The tomb is within the compound of the Christian Missionary Society.
Mehtāb Bāgh[link]
Main article: Mehtab Bagh
The Mehtāb Bāgh, or 'Moonlight Garden', is on the opposite bank of the River Yamuna from the Tāj Mahal.
Keetham Lake[link]
Main article: Keetham Lake
Also known as Sur Sarovar, Keetham Lake is situated about 7 kilometres from akbar tomb Agra, within the Surdas Reserved Forest. The lake has an impressive variety of aquatic life and water birds.
Mughal Heritage Walk[link]
The Mughal Heritage Walk is a part of community development programme being implemented with support of Agra Municipal corporation, USAID and an NGO; Center for Urban and Regional Excellence. It seeks to build sustainable livelihoods for youth and women from low resource communities and improve their living environments through infrastructure services and integration within the city.
The Mughal Heritage Walk is a one kilometer loop which connects the agricultural fields with the Rajasthani culture, river bank connected with the ancient village of Kuchhpura, the Heritage Structure of Mehtab Bagh, the Mughal aqueduct system, the Humanyun Mosque and the Gyarah Sidi.
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception[link]
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra.
Economy[link]
Nearly five centuries ago, Agra was the commercial nerve centre of Mughal empire. Due to the presence of the Taj Mahal and other historic monuments, it has a tourism industry as well royal crafts like Pietra Dura, marble inlay and carpets
Today 40% of the population depends largely on agriculture, and others on the leather and footwear business and iron foundries. Agra is the second most self-employed in India in 2007, behind Varanasi, followed by Bhopal, Indore and Patna. According to the National Sample Survey Organization, in 1999-2000, 431 of every 1,000 employed males were self-employed in the city, which grew to 603 per 1,000 in 2004-05.[12] Tourism contributes to the economy of Agra. Agra is home to Asia’s largest spa called Kaya Kalp — The Royal Spa, at the Hotel Mughal in Agra.[13]
The city has many industries. Agra has Uttar Pradesh's first plant biotech company Harihar Biotech located near the Taj. It is one of the largest plant tissue culture laboratories in North India with a production capacity of 2 millions plants annually.
Agra has garment manufacturers and exporters, and an automobile industry. Auto companies include Anil Diesels, Harvest Group of Industries, Indian Agriculture and Automobile Corporation (IAAC) and Malloys India.
There are about 7000 small scale industrial units. Agra city is known for leather goods, carpets, handicrafts, Zari Zardozi, Marvel and stone carving and inlay work. Agra is known for its sweets (Petha and Gajak) and snacks (Dalmoth).
Carpet making was introduced to the city by Moghul Emperor Babur and since then this art has flourished. Some leading exporters of carpets in Agra are Karan Exports, The Rug Factory, Agarwal Brothers, Rugs International, Floor Artists Inc,.
Some of the leading manufacturers, exporters and sellers of leather in Agra are Hindustan Rubber and Plastic Industries, Polyplast Industries, Royal International, Eskay Sales Corporation, Best Buy, Bandejjia Traders and Expomore.
The city center place at Agra (Kinari Bazar) has jewellery and garments shops. The silver and gold jewellery hub is at Choube Ji Ka Fatak.
With the expansion of Agra, organizations dealing in building materials have flourished. A few names are Silver Gatta Agency, Yashoda Exports, Glass Expressions and Sharda Enterprises. Other companies are the Yoga Handicrafts and the D.R.Chain and Wire Manufacturing Company.
Agra has Transformer manufacturers. The Shah Market area is an electronics market while Sanjay Place is the trade center of Agra.
Education[link]
Agra has always been a centre for education and learning. It was during the advent of the Mughal era that Agra grew as a centre of Islamic education. British people introduced the western concept of education in Agra. In the year 1823, Agra College, one of the oldest colleges in India was formed out of a Sanskrit school established by the Scindia rulers. In the British era, Agra became a great center of Hindi literature with people like Babu Gulab Rai at the helm.
Universities in Agra[link]
Agra University was established on 1 July 1927 and catered to colleges spread across the United Provinces, the Rajputana, the Central Provinces and almost to entire North India, at present around 142 Colleges are affiliated to this university. The historic Agra University was later rechristened as Dr. BhimRao Ambedkar University by the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Ms. Mayawati.
- Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, started the Radhasoami Educational Institute, as a co-educational Middle School, open to all, on January 1, 1917. It became a Degree College in 1947, affiliated to Agra University. In 1975, it formulated a programme of undergraduate studies which received approbation from the Government of Uttar Pradesh and the University Grants Commission, as a result of which in 1981 the Ministry of Education, Government of India, conferred the status of an institution deemed to be a University on the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, to implement the new scheme.
- Central Institute of Hindi, Central Institute of Hindi (also known as Kendriya Hindi Sansthan) is an autonomous institute under Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India engaged in teaching Hindi as a foreign and second language. Apart from running residential Hindi language courses for foreign students, the institute also conducts regular training programmes for teachers of Hindi belonging to non-Hindi states of India. The institute is situated at a 11 acres (4.5 ha) campus on the outskirts of Agra city. Headquartered in Agra the institute has eight regional centers in Delhi, Hyderabad, Mysore, Shillong, Dimapur, Guwahati, Ahmedabad and Bhubneshwar. The institute is the only government run institution in India established solely for research and teaching of Hindi as a foreign and second language.
References[link]
- ^ World Gazetteer online India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". Accessed 25 Mar 2010.
- ^ Green.in.msn.com
- ^ Williams, Monier. "Sanskrit-English Dictionary". Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries. Cologne University. http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "Agra District profile". Official Website of Agra maintained by National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Government of India. http://agra.nic.in/hist.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "Agra Fort". Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/i/IN42261.php
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- ^ "Agra City" (GIF). Imperial Gazetteer of India (Digital South Asia Library of University of Chicago) 5: 83–84. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_091.gif. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "Sole bidder bags Agra Inner Ring Road project". http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sole-bidder-bags-agra-inner-ring-road-project/585674/0. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- ^ "Inner Ring Road Agra". http://awas.up.nic.in/IURP-June%2009/Inner%20Ring%20Road%20,%20Agra.pdf.
- ^ Koroth, Nandakumar. History of Bekal Fort.
- ^ "India’s new Entrepreneurs". Mint. May 16, 2007. http://www.livemint.com/2007/05/16001310/Indias-new-Entrepreneurs.html.
- ^ "ITC unveils Asia's largest spa in Agra". Economic Times (India). 2008-03-09. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Features/The_Sunday_ET/Economy/ITC_unveils_Asias_largest_spa_in_Agra/rssarticleshow/2848717.cms. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
Further reading[link]
- Cole, Henry Hardy (1873). Illustrations of buildings near Muttra and Agra. India Office. http://www.archive.org/stream/illustrationsbu00colegoog#page/n7/mode/1up.
- Agra, Archaeological Society of (1874). Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Agra, Jan–June 1874. Delhi Gazette Press. http://www.archive.org/stream/transactionsarc00agragoog#page/n4/mode/1up.
- Mukerji, Satya Chandra (1892). The Traveller's Guide to Agra. Sen & Co., Delhi. http://www.archive.org/stream/travellersguidet00mukerich#page/n7/mode/2up.
- Fanthome, Frederic (1895). Reminiscences of Agra. Thacker, Spink & Co.. http://www.archive.org/stream/reminiscencesag00fantgoog#page/n3/mode/1up.
- Latif, Muḥammad (1896). Agra, Historical & Descriptive. Calcutta Central Press. http://www.archive.org/stream/agrahistoricald00latgoog#page/n9/mode/1up.
- Keene, Henry George (1899, Sixth ed.). A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood. Thacker, Spink & Co.. http://www.archive.org/stream/ahandbookforvis00keengoog#page/n8/mode/1up.
- Smith, Edmund W. (1901). Moghul Colour Decoration of Agra, Part I. Govt. Press, Allahabad. http://www.archive.org/stream/moghulcolourdec00smitgoog#page/n7/mode/1up.
- Havell, Ernest Binfield (1904). A Handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri, and the Neighbourhood. Longmans, Green & Co., London. http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00artlinks/agra_havell/index.html.
- Agranama: The authentic book about the history of Agra by Mr. Satish Chandra Chaturvedi
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Asha Bhosle | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Asha Mangeshkar |
| Born | (1933-09-08) September 8, 1933 (age 78) Sangli, Bombay Presidency, British India |
| Genres | Pop, folk, Indian classical music |
| Occupations | Singer, playback singer |
| Years active | 1943–present |
Asha Bhosle[1] (born September 8, 1933) is an Indian singer. She is best-known as a playback singer in Hindi cinema, although she has a wider repertoire.[2][3][4] Bhosle's career started in 1943 and has spanned over six decades. She has done playback singing for over a thousand Bollywood movies. In addition, she has recorded several private albums and participated in numerous solo concerts in India and abroad.[5][6] Bhosle is the sister of playback singer Lata Mangeshkar.
Renowned for her voice range and often credited for her versatility,[2][7][8] Bhosle's work includes film music, pop, ghazals, bhajans, traditional Indian classical music, folk songs, qawwalis, and Rabindra Sangeets. Apart from Hindi, she has sung in over 20 Indian and foreign languages.[9] In 2006, Asha Bhosle stated that she had sung over 12,000 songs,[10] a figure repeated by several other sources.[9][11] The World Records Academy, an international organization which certifies world records, recognised her as the "Most Recorded Artist" in the world, in September 2009.[12] In 2011 she was officially acknowledged by the Guinness Book of World Records as the most recorded artist in music history.[13] The Government of India honoured her with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2000 and the Padma Vibhushan[14] in 2008.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Asha Bhosle was born in the small hamlet of Goar in Sangli, Bombay Presidency (now in Maharashtra), into the musical family of Master Deenanath Mangeshkar, who belongs to Gomantak Maratha Samaj. Her father was a theater actor and classical singer. When she was nine years old, her father died. The family moved from Pune to Kolhapur and then to Mumbai. She and her elder sister Lata Mangeshkar began singing and acting in films to support their family. She sang her first film song '"Chala Chala Nav Bala" for the Marathi film Majha Bal (1943). The music for the film was composed by Datta Davjekar. She made her Hindi film debut when she sang the song "Saawan Aaya" for Hansraj Behl's Chunariya (1948).[15] Her first solo Hindi film song was for the movie Raat Ki Raani (1949).
At the age of 16, she eloped with 31-year-old Ganpatrao Bhosle, marrying him against her family's wishes. Ganpatrao was Lata's personal secretary. The marriage failed miserably. Her husband and in-laws mistreated her. After a few years of marriage, Asha was turned out (around 1960) by a suspicious Ganpatrao[16] and she went to her maternal home with two children and pregnant with her third child. She continued to sing in films to earn money.
At that time, prominent playback singers like Geeta Dutt, Shamshad Begum and Lata Mangeshkar monopolized the singing for the female lead and the big films, whilst Asha used to get the assignments they refused: singing for the bad girls and vamps, or songs in the second-grade movies. In the 1950s, she sang more songs than most playback singers in Bollywood (not counting Lata). Most of these were in low budget B or C-grade films. Her earliest songs were composed by A R Qureshi, Sajjad Hussain and Ghulam Mohammed, most of which failed to do well.[15] Singing in Sangdil (1952), composed by Sajjad Hussain, she got reasonable recognition. Consequently, film director Bimal Roy gave her a chance to sing in Parineeta (1953). Raj Kapoor signed her to sing "Nanhe Munne Bachche" with Mohammed Rafi in Boot Polish (1954), which gained popularity.
O. P. Nayyar gave Asha a break in C.I.D. (1956). She first achieved success in B. R. Chopra's Naya Daur (1957), composed by him. Her duets with Rafi like "Maang Ke Saath Tumhara", "Saathi Haath Badhana" and "Uden Jab Jab Zulfein Teri", penned by Sahir Ludhianvi, earned her recognition. It was the first time she sang all the songs for a film's leading actress. Chopra approached her for several of his later prosuctions, including Gumrah (1963), Waqt (1965), Hamraaz (1965), Aadmi Aur Insaan (1966) and Dhund (1973). Nayyar's future collaboration with Bhosle also resulted in success. Gradually, she established her status and received the patronage of such composers as Sachin Dev Burman and Ravi. Bhosle and Nayyar had a professional and personal parting of ways in the 1970s.
In 1966, Bhosle's performances in the duets from one of music director R.D. Burman's first soundtracks, for the movie Teesri Manzil, won popular acclaim. Reportdly, when she first heard the dance number "Aaja Aaja", she felt she would not be able to sing this westernised tune. While Burman offered to change the music, she refused, taking it as a challenge. She completed the song after ten days of rehearsals, and "Aaja Aaja", along with such other songs as "O Haseena Zulfonwali" and "O Mere Sona Re" (all three duets with Rafi), became successful. Shammi Kapoor, the film's leading actor, was once quoted as saying– "If I did not have Mohammad Rafi to sing for me, I would have got Asha Bhosle to do the job". Bhosle's collaboration with Burman resulted in numerous hits and a marriage. During the 1960-70s, she was the voice of Bollywood's actress and dancer, Helen, on whom "O Haseena Zulfon Wali" was picturised. It is said that Helen would attend her recording sessions so that she could understand the song better and plan dance steps accordingly.[17] Some of their other popular numbers include "Piya Tu Ab To Aaja" (Caravan) and "Yeh Mera Dil" (Don), among others.
By the 1980s, Bhosle, although highly regarded[by whom?] for her abilities and versatility, had sometimes been stereotyped[by whom?] as a "cabaret singer" and a "pop crooner". In 1981 she attempted a different genre by singing several ghazals for the Rekha-starrer Umrao Jaan, including "Dil Cheez Kya Hai", "In Aankhon Ki Masti Ke", "Yeh Kya Jagah Hai Doston" and "Justaju Jiski Thi". The film's music director Khayyam, had lowered her pitch by half a note. Bhosle herself expressed surprise that she could sing so differently. The ghazals won her the first National Film Award of her career. A few years later, she won another National Award for the song "Mera Kuchh Saamaan" from Ijaazat (1987).
In 1995, 62-year-old Bhosle sang for actress Urmila Matondkar in the movie Rangeela. The soundtrack featured songs like "Tanha Tanha" and "Rangeela Re" sung by her, and composed by music director A. R. Rahman, who would go on to record several songs with her. During the 2000s, several of Bhosle's numbers became chartbusters, including "Radha Kaise Na Jale" from Lagaan (2001), "Kambakht Ishq" from Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (2001), "Yeh Lamha" from Filhaal (2002), "Lucky Lips" from Lucky (2005). In October 2004, The Very Best of Asha Bhosle, The Queen of Bollywood, a compilation album of songs recorded by Bhosle for albums and Bollywood films that were released between 1966 and 2003, was released.
Partnership with music directors[link]
- O.P. Nayyar
Music director O. P. Nayyar's association with Asha is part of Bollywood lore. He was the composer who first gave Asha her own identity. Many people have speculated about a romantic relationship between the two.
Nayyar first met Asha in 1952, at the music recording of Chham Chhama Chham.[18] He first called her for a film called Mangu (1954), and gave her a big break in CID (1956). However, it was the success of Naya Daur (1957), that made the duo very popular. After 1959, she was emotionally and professionally involved with Nayyar.
The team of O.P. Nayyar and Asha Bhosle is best remembered for their breezy and sometimes sirenish songs. Some good examples of their sensuous numbers are "Aaiye Meherbaan" picturised on Madhubala (Howrah Bridge, 1958) and "Yeh Hai Reshmi Zulfon Ka Andhera" picturised on Mumtaz (Mere Sanam, 1965). "Aao Huzoor Tumko" (Kismat) and "Jaaiye Aap Kahan" (Mere Sanam) were also popular. They also recorded songs for many hit movies like Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957), Ek Musafir Ek Hasina (1962), Kashmir Ki Kali (1964). O.P. Nayyar used the Asha Bhosle-Mohammad Rafi duo for his most popular duets such as "Ude Jab Jab Zulfein Teri" (Naya Daur), "Main Pyaar Ka Rahi Hoon" (Ek Musafir Ek Haseena), "Deewana Hua Baadal" and '"Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein" (Kashmir Ki Kali).
Asha recorded her last song for O.P. Nayyar in the movie Pran Jaye Par Vachan Na Jaye (1974). The solo number "Chain Se" got many awards, but it was not included in the movie.
They split on August 5, 1972. It is not clear what made them part their ways. On being asked the reason for their parting, O P Nayyar once said, "I know astrology very well. I knew that one day I had to part with her. Something also happened, that upset me, so I left her."[18] Nevertheless, he also said "...now that I am seventy-six, I can say that the most important person in my life was Asha Bhosle. She was the best person I ever met."
The parting of Asha Bhosle and O.P. Nayyar was bitter, and probably therefore she has hesitated to give Nayyar his due. While talking about O.P. Nayyar in an interview with The Times of India, she once remarked - "Whichever composer gave me work, it was because my voice was suited to his music at that point. No one musician did me any favor by asking me to sing for him."[19] She gives the credit for her first big break to B. R. Chopra, the producer of Naya Daur.
- Khayyam
Another music director who recognized Asha's talent early was Khayyam. Their partnership dates back to his first movie Biwi (1948). Khayyam gave her some good assignments in the 1950s, including Dard and Phir Subah Hogi. But the team is chiefly remembered for the songs of Umrao Jaan.
- Ravi
Music composer Ravi considered Asha one of his favorite singers. She sang for his first movie Vachan (1955). The melodious lullaby from the movie, "Chandamama Door Ke! became an overnight hit among young mothers in India. Ravi got her to sing bhajans for the movies Gharana, Grihasti, Kajal and Phool Aur Patthar, at a time when most of the composers remembered her only when they needed to record B-grade songs picturized on the vamps or the side-heroines. Ravi and Asha recorded a variety of songs, including the popular funny duet with Kishore Kumar - "C A T...Cat. Cat Maane Billi" (Dilli Ka Thug). The bhajan "Tora Maan Darpan" (Kajal) is considered one of Asha's best songs.
They also recorded songs for many popular movies like Waqt, Chaudhvin Ka Chand, Gumrah, Bahu Beti, China Town, Aadmi Aur Insaan, Dhund and Humraaz. For Chaudhvin Ka Chand, Ravi wanted Geeta Dutt (the wife of actor and producer Guru Dutt) to sing the songs. But when she backed out, Guru Dutt insisted that Asha sing the songs.[15]
- Sachin Dev Burman
One of Bollywood's most famous composers, Sachin Dev Burman and his favorite singer, Lata Mangeshkar, were not on good terms from 1957 to 1962.[20] During this period, S D Burman used Asha as his lead female voice. She and Burman gave many hit songs in movies such as Kaala Pani, Kaala Bazaar, Insaan Jaag Utha, Lajwanti, Sujata and Teen Deviyaan (1965). They recorded many songs together after 1962 as well. Most famous of these songs were Asha's duets with Mohammed Rafi and Kishore Kumar. The song "Ab Ke Baras" in Bimal Roy's Bandini (1963) consolidated her position as a lead singer. The seductive song "Raat Akeli Hai" from Jewel Thief (1967), picturised on Tanuja, became very popular.
- Rahul Dev Burman (Pancham)
Asha first met Rahul Dev Burman (a.k.a. "Pancham") when she was the mother of two and he was in 10th grade having dropped out to pursue music. Their partnership was first noticed in Teesri Manzil (1966). She went on to record a variety of songs with him - cabarets, rock, disco, ghazals and classical.
In the 1970s, Asha and Pancham's youthful Western songs took Bollywood music by storm - the raunchy cabaret "Piya Tu Ab To Aaja" (Caravan, picturized on Helen), the rebellious "Dum Maro Dum" (Hare Rama Hare Krishna, 1971), the sexy "Duniya Mein" (Apna Desh, 1972) and the romantic "Chura Liyaa Hai Tumne" (Yaadon Ki Baaraat, 1973). Pancham also recorded many hit duets with Asha and Kishore Kumar such as "Jaane Jaan" (Jawani Diwani) and "Bhali Bhali Si Ek Soorat" (Buddha Mil Gaya).
In 1980s, Pancham and Asha recorded subtle numbers for films like Ijaazat (1987)- "Mera Kuch Saaman", "Khaali Haath Shaam Aayi Hai" and "Katra Katra". They also recorded the popular duet "O Maria!" (Saagar).
Asha used to call R D Burman "Bubs". She married him in 1980. Their partnership lasted until his death.
R D Burman made her sing some of the most legendary songs in Bengali language as well, namely "Mohuyae Jomechhe Aaj Mou Go", "Chokhe Chokhe Kotha Bolo", "Chokhhe Naame Brishti"(Bengali version of "Jaane Kya Baat Hai"), "Baanshi Sune Ki Ghore Thaka Jaye", "Sondhya Belae Tumi Aami" and "Aaj Gungun Gun Gunje Amar" (Bengali version of "Pyaar Deewana Hota Hai").
- Ilaiyaraaja
Prolific south Indian film composer Ilaiyaraaja began employing Asha's vocals in the early 1980s, their earliest collaboration being for the film Moondram Pirai (1982) (remade in Hindi as Sadma in 1983). Their association continued, mostly through the latter half of the 1980s and early 1990s. Another notable song from this period is "Shenbagamae" (Enga Ooru Paattukkaaran, 1987, Tamil). In 2000, Asha sung the theme song for Kamal Haasan's political film Hey Ram. The song, "Nee Partha Parvai" (Janmon Ki Jwala in Hindi) (or Aparna's Theme), was a duet with singer Hariharan.
- A. R. Rahman
A. R. Rahman is credited with Asha's 'comeback' with Rangeela (1994). Songs like "Tanha Tanha" and "Rangeela Re" were chartbusters. She and Rahman went on to record more hits like "Mujhe Rang De" (Thakshak), "Radha Kaise Na Jale" (Lagaan, duet with Udit Narayan), "Kahin Aag Lage" (Taal), "O Bhanware" (Daud, duet with K. J. Yesudas), "Venilla Venilla" (Iruvar,1999) and "Dhuan Dhuan" (Meenaxi,2004).[15]
- Jaidev
When S D Burman's assistant Jaidev started giving music independently, he got Asha to sing some of his songs as well. They worked in Hum Dono (1961), Mujhe Jeene Do (1963), Do Boond Pani (1971) and other movies. In 1971, the pair released an LP of eight non-film devotional songs and ghazals called An Unforgettable Treat. Asha considered Jaidev a close friend who stood by her when she was struggling personally and professionally. Upon his death in 1987, she released a compilation album of lesser-known songs he had composed for her, called Suranjali.
- Shankar-Jaikishan
Shankar-Jaikishan worked relatively little with Asha. However, the trio produced quite a few hits including the seductive "Parde Mein Rehne Do" (Shikar, 1968). Asha got her second Filmfare Award for the song. She also sang "Zindagi Ek Safar Hai Suhaana" (Andaz) for Shankar-Jaikishan, in which she tried to yodel like Kishore Kumar, whose version of the song is more better known. When Raj Kapoor was not on speaking terms with Lata Mangeshkar, Asha got to sing the songs of Mera Naam Joker (1970), composed by Shankar-Jaikishan.
- Anu Malik
Composer Anu Malik and Asha have recorded many hit songs together, including songs for his first movie Sohni Mahiwal (1984). Their most popular songs include "Ye Lamhaa Filhaal" (Filhaal) and "Kitabein Bahut Si" (Baazigar) among others. The four lines sung by Asha in Malik's "Jab Dil Mile" (Yaadein) stood out among voices of Sukhwinder Singh, Udit Narayan and Sunidhi Chauhan. Asha had also sung for Anu's father Sardar Malik in the 1950s and 1960s, most notably in Saranga (1960).
- Other Composers
Madan Mohan recorded a number of songs with Asha, including the popular folk number "Jhumka Gira Re" from Mera Saaya (1966). In Chhoti Si Baat (1975), Asha sang the "Jaaneman Jaaneman" number with K. J. Yesudas for Salil Chowdhury. Salil's 1956 movie Jagte Raho also had a number recorded by Asha, "Thandi Thandi Saawan Ki Phuhaar". Another Asha patron is the young composer Sandeep Chowta, who got her to sing "Kambakht Ishq", a duet with Sonu Nigam for the movie Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya(2001). The song gained major popularity among the Indian youth.
Asha has worked with Lata-patrons like Laxmikant-Pyarelal, Naushad, Ravindra Jain, N Dutta and Hemant Kumar. When Naushad was asked to sum up the essential difference between Lata and Asha, he said that Asha "lacks certain something which Lata, and Lata alone has". Later he accepted in an interview, "May be I said it because I then had a closed ear on Asha".[21] Naushad, later in his life, also admitted that he has been unfair to Asha. Asha has also worked with other noted Bollywood composers like Jatin-Lalit, Bappi Lahiri, Kalyanji-Anandji, Usha Khanna, Chitragupt, and Roshan.
Non-Bollywood music[link]
Private albums[link]
In a rare feat, noted lyricist Gulzar, music director R.D. Burman and Asha Bhosle, came together in 1987, to create a double album, titled, Dil Padosi Hai, which was released on September 8, 1987.[22] In 1995, Asha underwent the gatha bandan (thread-tying) ceremony with Hindustani classical music maestro Ali Akbar Khan to learn a classical repertoire held within the Maihar gharana (stylistic school of Indian classical music), as handed down to Khan by his father Allauddin Khan (the guru of Ravi Shankar). Later, Asha and Ustad Ali Akbar Khan recorded eleven fixed compositions (or bandishes) in California for Legacy, a private album that earned them a Grammy Award nomination.
In 1990s, Asha experimented with remixed R.D. Burman songs. She was criticized by many, including Khayyam for tampering with old melodies. Nevertheless, albums like Rahul And I became quite popular. In 1997, Asha did a private Indipop album Janam Samjha Karo with Leslie Lewis. The album was hugely popular and won her many awards including the 1997 MTV Award.
Asha had been once asked by director B R Ishaara to compose music for one of his films, but she had politely declined. In 2002, she turned music composer with the album Aap Ki Asha, an eight-song music and video album. The lyrics were written by Majrooh Sultanpuri (his last lyrics). The album was released by Sachin Tendulkar on May 21, 2001 at a lavish party in Mumbai. The album received mixed reviews.
Asha had spotted Pakistani singer Adnan Sami's talent when he was about 10 years old. At that time, she was performing in London, with R D Burman. It was she who had asked him to pursue his interests in music seriously. When Adnan grew up and became a professional musician, Asha sang the title duet with him for his best-selling album Kabhi to nazar milao. The two came together again in the album Barse Badal. The album comprises eight songs, based on Indian Classical music. She contributed the song Yun Na Thi to the recording Womad Talking Book Volume Four: An Introduction to Asia 1 on Womad Records.
Asha has sung ghazals for many albums like Meraj-E-Ghazal, Aabshar-E-Ghazal and Kashish. In 2005, Asha released a self-titled album as a tribute to the four ghazal maestros - Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Farida Khanum and Jagjit Singh. The album features eight of her favorite ghazals like Farida Khanum’s Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo, Ghulam Ali’s Chupke Chupke, Aawargi and Dil Mein Ek Lahar, Jagjit Singh’s Ahista Ahista and Mehdi Hassan’s Ranjish Hi Sahi, Rafta Rafta and Mujhe Tum Nazar Se. These classic ghazals were recreated with modern sounds by musician Pandit Somesh Mathur. The album was aimed at the younger generation, who, according to Asha, are "turned off" by the traditional sounds of tabla and sarangi.
Numerous compilations of Asha's songs have been released as well. To commemorate her 60th birthday, EMI India released three cassettes: Bala Main Bairagan Hoongi (devotional songs), The Golden Collection: Memorable Ghazals (non-film ghazals by composers such as Ghulam Ali, R.D. Burman and Nazar Hussain), and The Golden Collection: The Ever Versatile Asha Bhosle (44 popular film songs).
In 1996, Asha Bhosle sang Channeache Rati among several other songs in Rajendra Talak's Konkani album Daryachya Deger with Suresh Wadkar.
In 2006, she recorded an album Asha and Friends, singing duets, with film actors Sanjay Dutt and Urmila Matondkar and famous cricket player Brett Lee, with whom she sang, You're the One for Me (Haan Main Tumhara Hoon). All these songs composed by Shamir Tandon were shot on video by journalist turned director S Ramachandran.
Concerts and collaborations with foreign artists[link]
In 1980s and 1990s, Asha went globe-trotting, staging concerts in Canada, Dubai, UK, U.S. and many other countries. In 1989, during a world tour, she performed in 13 US cities in 20 days. Immediately after this, she had an already sold-out concert scheduled in Stockholm, Sweden. Due to the stressful schedule, Asha suffered a massive attack of colitis, together with fever, cough and weakness. In Stockholm, a pre-concert crisis meeting was called, attended by Asha's son (and manager) Anand and the sponsors. It was decided that the orchestra will play many instrumental tracks, the accompanying singers like Suresh Wadkar will shoulder the load, and Asha will make a small appearance. But Asha rejected all such proposals, and sang at the concert with great difficulty, in a not-so-good voice. Her first set of six Bollywood songs did not receive any response from the audience, which consisted mostly of Indian and Pakistani expats. Before the start of the second set of songs, a fan in the crowd requested her to sing a Marathi song. Asha obliged and sang Naach-naachuni ati mi damale ("I'm very tired of this endless dancing"). When the song ended, the auditorium erupted with claps and the encores started. After the concert, Asha was in bed for a month, recuperating from overexertion. In October 2002, she did a concert with Sudesh Bhosle and others, in London, for "Help the Aged" to help raise funds for the elderly in India. In 2007 she toured the US, Canada, and West Indies in a tour called "The Incredibles". In this tour, she was accompanied by singers Sonu Nigam, Kunal Ganjawala and Kailash Kher. This tour, originally scheduled for only 12 concerts, went on to hold more than 20.
In the mid-1980s, Asha sang with Boy George (Bow down mister) and Stephen Lauscombe. In 1997, she sang a love song with the boy band Code Red, at the age of 64. She also recorded the song The Way you Dream (One Giant Leap, [1]) with Michael Stipe that was used in the English movie, Bulletproof Monk. The song was also released on the album 1 Giant Leap for 2002.
In 1997, the British band Cornershop paid tribute to Asha with their song Brimful of Asha, an international hit which was later remixed by Fatboy Slim. In 2001, the CD single of Nelly Furtado's "I'm Like A Bird" included a "Nellie vs. Asha Remix" created by Digital Cutup Lounge.
In 2003, British opera pop singer Sarah Brightman sampled her song "Dil Cheez Kya Hai" on her album Harem. It was used as the intro for her song "You Take My Breath Away".
In 2005, American string quartet Kronos Quartet re-recorded R D Burman compositions like Chura Liya, Piya Tu, Mera Kuchh Saaman among others and got Asha to sing them. Despite her age, she recorded three to four songs in a day, leaving the quartet members stupefied. On August 23, 2005, You've stolen my heart - Songs From R D Burman's Bollywood was released in US. The album was nominated for Grammy Awards 2006 in the category of "Best Contemporary World Music Album". In the 1990s, a friend had introduced David Harrington of Kronos Quartet to the song Aaj ki raat. Harrington was mesmerised, and the song ended up on the album Kronos Caravan.
Also in 2005, The Black Eyed Peas sampled her songs "Ae Naujawan Sab Kuchh Yahan" (Apradh, 1972) and "Yeh Mera Dil Pyaar Ka Diwana" (Don, 1978) in their hit single "Don't Phunk with My Heart". In late 2006, Asha collaborated with Australian test cricket star, Brett Lee. The single, You're the One for Me, debuted at number 4 on the charts and reached a peak position of number 2.
In 2006 Asha recorded one song for the soundtrack of Pakistani movie Mein Ek Din Laut Kay Aaaonga. She sang the song, titled Dil Key Taar Bajey, with famous Pakistani pop singer Jawad Ahmed. It was aired as part of the film's promotional campaign and became very popular, featuring on top music charts.
Personal life[link]
Asha's house is situated in Prabhukunj Apt on Peddar Road area of South Mumbai. She has three children and five grandchildren. The eldest of her three children, Hemant Bhosle (named after Hemant Kumar), spent most of his early years as a pilot and quit to have a brief career as a music director. Asha's daughter Varsha worked as a columnist for The Sunday Observer and Rediff. Asha's youngest child, Anand Bhosle, has studied business and film direction. He manages Asha's career. Her grandson, Chaitanya (Chintu) Bhosle (Hemant's son) is a part of the world of music. He is a member of India's first & only boy band, "A Band of Boys". Her sisters Lata and Usha Mangeshkar are playback singers. Her other, sister Meena Mangeshkar and brother Hridayanath Mangeshkar are music directors.
Asha married Rahul Dev Burman in 1980.[13][23][24][25] This was second marriage for both Rahul and Asha. Rahul, 6 years younger than her, earlier got divorced from Rita Patel in 1971.[26] Asha, at the age of 16, had eloped with 31-year-old Ganpatrao Bhosle. They separated in 1960. They have 3 children.
Asha is an excellent cook and cooking is her favorite hobby. She often gets flooded with requests by Bollywood celebrities for kadai ghosht and biryani dishes and has rarely turned down a request. In fact, her paya curry, Goan fish curry and dal are very popular with the Kapoor family of Bollywood. Once, when asked in a Times of India interview, what if her singing career had not taken off, she said "I would have become a cook. I'd have cooked in four houses and made money."
Asha is a successful restaurateur and runs restaurants in Dubai and Kuwait, called Asha's. Asha's offers traditional north-western Indian cuisine. It has a presence in the Wafi City development in Dubai, as well as three restaurants in Kuwait, at The Avenues Mall, the Marina Mall and a brand new third outlet at the Spoons Complex. Other restaurants can be found in Abu Dhabi's Khaldiya Mall, Doha's Villagio and Bahrain's City Center Mall, with future outposts planned for Dubai's Mall of the Emirates and Cairo, Egypt. Asha Bhosle has a 20% stake in the business. Asha is not involved in day-to-day running of the restaurant which is looked after by the Wafi Group. She takes care of the kitchen and the décor. She personally trained the chefs for almost six months. According to a December 2004 report in the Menu Magazine,[27] Russell Scott, a former head of Harry Ramsden's (the fish and chips chain), secured the UK rights to the Asha's brand and planned to open up to 40 restaurants over the next five years. As part of her chain of restaurants, Asha has recently opened a new restaurant in Birmingham, UK.
Asha's fashion statement is white saree with sparkling embroidery, pearls around her neck and a touch of diamonds. Harrington said "The first time I met Ashaji she was dressed in the most beautiful sari with diamonds and looked very regal. Then I looked down and saw that she was wearing tennis shoes! I thought I love this woman."
Asha is a good mimicry artist as well. At a concert at World Trade Center in Dubai on April 22, 2004, she mimicked the song Kabhi To Nazar Milaao in the voices of Noor Jehan, Lata Mangeshkar and Ghulam Ali.
Nowadays, apart from singing and her restaurant, Asha is also working on her autobiography.
Rivalry with Lata Mangeshkar[link]
Asha's sibling rivalry with Lata Mangeshkar is often talked about, in spite of their insistence that these are just tales.[19] As young children, they were very close. As a child, Lata used to carry Asha all the time. They were so inseparable that when Lata went to school she would take Asha with her. One day the teacher protested and said that they cannot have two students on one fee. Lata refused to return to school without Asha and quit her studies.[28]
Lata considered Asha's act of eloping with her lover as irresponsible, leaving her alone to sing and earn for the family. This led to tensions between them. Asha herself accepted in an interview[28] — "It was a love marriage and Lata didi did not speak to me for a long time. She disapproved of the alliance." At one time, their relationship was very adversarial and there have been periods of non-communication.
In her initial days in the industry, Asha always played second fiddle to her elder sister. Some say that Lata had once criticised Asha's relationship with O. P. Nayyar. This widened the rift between the two sisters and O P Nayyar also decided that he would never work with Lata. O.P. Nayyar had once revealed "Asha and Lata, staying in opposite flats at Bombay's Peddar Road, had a common maidservant. Now this maidservant had merely to come and tell the younger sister that Lata had just recorded something wonderful for Asha to lose her vocal poise. Such was her Lata phobia that it took me some months to convince Asha that she had a voice individualistic enough to evolve a singing style all of her own."[21] Asha once said that she has worked for years to create a voice and a style that was different from Lata, so that she could carve her own niche and not be banished to live in her sister's shadow.[28]
Asha and Lata have also sung together. Their first duet was for the film Daman (1951).[21] Some of their songs include Man Bhawan Ke Ghar aye (Chori Chori, 1956), Sakhi ri sun bole papihaa us paar (Miss Mary, 1957), O chaand jahaan woh jaaye (Sharada, 1957), Mere Mehboob Mein Kya Nahi (Mere Mehboob, 1963), Ai kash kisi deewane ko (Aaye Din Bahar Ke, 1966), Main Chali Main Chali (Padosan, 1968), Chhap tilak sab (Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki, 1978), and Man kyun behka (Utsav, 1984). While singing, Lata used to hold her notebook in her right hand, while Asha held hers in the left hand. This meant Lata had her face away from Asha, making it difficult for them to "anticipate" each other.[28]
The movie Saaz, was supposedly based on Lata and Asha's rivalry.[29] Asha said about the movie — "To have two women in long plaits, take a couple of incidents and exaggerate them into a 3-hour film is such a waste of time."[28] In the last few years, Asha and Lata have often been seen in public, enjoying each other's company. In an interview with The Times of India, Asha once said - "I remember, sometimes both of us would be at a function and some industry types would ignore me and interact only with her, as if to prove their loyalty. Later, didi and I would have a good laugh!"
Awards[link]
Asha Bhosle has won seven Filmfare Best Female Playback Awards of 18 nominations.[30] She won her first two awards in 1967 and 1968. (Mangeshkar asked not to be considered for the award nominations after 1969 to promote new talent). After receiving the award in 1979, Bhosle emulated her elder sister and requested that her name not be considered for the nominations hereafter. Despite this, Bhosle is the most frequent winner of this award to date, tying with Alka Yagnik. She was later given a Special Award for Rangeela in 1996, and the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001. Following is the list of her Filmfare Awards:
Filmfare Best Female Playback Award:
- 1968: "Garibon ki Suno" (Dus Lakh, 1966)
- 1969: "Parde Mein Rehne Do" (Shikar, 1968)
- 1972: "Piya Tu Ab To Aaja" (Caravan, 1971)
- 1973: "Dum Maro Dum" (Hare Rama Hare Krishna, 1972)
- 1974: "Hone Lagi Hain Raat" (Naina, 1973)
- 1975: "Chain Se Humko Kabhi" (Pran Jaye Par Vachan Na Jaye, 1974)
- 1979: "Yeh Mera Dil" (Don, 1978)
Other Awards:
- 1996 - Special Award (Rangeela, 1995)
- 2001 - Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award
Asha has won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer twice:
- 1981: Dil Cheez Kya Hai (Umrao Jaan)
- 1986: Mera Kuch Samaan (Ijaazat)
- Other awards
Asha has won numerous other awards, including:
- 1987: Nightingale Of Asia Award (from the Indo–Pak Association, UK).[30]
- 1989: Lata Mangeshkar Award (Government of Madhya Pradesh).[30]
- 1997: Screen Videocon Award (for the album Jaanam Samajha Karo).[30]
- 1997: MTV Award (for the album Jaanam Samajha Karo).[30]
- 1997: Channel V Award (for the album Jaanam Samjha Karo).[30]
- 1998: Dayawati Modi Award.[31]
- 1999: Lata Mangeshkar Award (Government of Maharashtra)
- 2000: Singer of the Millennium (Dubai).
- 2000: Zee Gold Bollywood Award (for Mujhe Rang De from Thakshak).
- 2001: MTV Award (for Kambakht Ishq).
- 2002: BBC Lifetime Achievement Award (presented by the UK Prime Minister Tony Blair).
- 2002: Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer - Female (for Radha Kaise Na Jale from Lagaan).
- 2002: Zee Cine Special Award for Hall of Fame.
- 2002: Sansui Movie Award (for Radha Kaise Na Jale from Lagaan).
- 2003: Swaralaya Yesudas Award for outstanding contributions to Indian music.[30]
- 2004: Living Legend Award by the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.[32]
- 2005: MTV Immies, Best Female Pop Act for Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo.[33]
- 2005: Most Stylish People in Music.[34]
- Honours and recognitions
- In 1997, Asha became the first Indian singer to be nominated for the Grammy Award, for Legacy, an album with Ustad Ali Akbar Khan.
- She has received seventeen Maharashtra State Awards.
- She received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2000 for her outstanding contribution to Indian cinema.[30]
- She holds honorary doctorates from the University of Amravati and University of Jalgaon in Literature.
- She has received The Freddie Mercury Award for Outstanding Achievement in Arts.
- The Birmingham Film Festival paid her a special tribute in November 2002.
- She was honoured with the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India.[35]
- She was among top 20 music icons of the past 50 years.[36][37]
- In 2011 the Guinness Book of World Records officially acknowledged Bhosle as the most recorded artist in the history of music. She was awarded a certificate for "the most studio recordings (singles) for recording up to 11,000 solo, duet and chorus-backed songs and in over 20 Indian languages since 1947".[38]
Footnotes and references[link]
- ^ Asha Bhosle has been credited variously as Asha, Asha Bhosle, Asha Bhonsale, Asha Bhonsle, Asha Bhonsley, Asha Bhosale and Asha Bhosley (See her IMDB entry for details). She is often referred to as Ashaji — the Hindi suffix ji denotes respect.
- ^ a b Gulzar; Nihalani, Govind; Chatterji, Saibal (2003). Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan. pp. 532–533. ISBN 81-7991-066-0.
- ^ Gangadhar, v. (18 May 2001). "Only the best preferred". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2001/05/18/stories/09180701.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ Arnold, Alison (2000). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Taylor & Francis. pp. 420–421. ISBN 0-8240-4946-2.
- ^ "IMDB entry". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0080427/. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
- ^ "An evergreen voice". The Hindu. September 26, 2003. http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/09/26/stories/2003092602000700.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
- ^ V.L (June 7, 2008). "Chords & Notes". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/06/07/stories/2008060752910500.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
- ^ World Music: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific; By Simon Broughton, Mark Ellingham, Richard Trillo; Rough Guides, 2000
- ^ a b The International Who's Who. 2004. Europa Publications. Routledge.
- ^ (Jyothi Venkatesh. "Asha Bhosle: Sa Re Ga Ma...". Vashi2Panvel.com. http://www.vashi2panvel.com/Navi-Mumbai-News/item/196/catid/26. Retrieved 2006-05-03. "I would like to state humbly that I am the only singer who has sung the maximum number of songs — 12,000. If you sing one song a day, you can humanly sing 365 songs a year and 3650 songs in ten years. In around 60 years of my career I could sing 12,000 songs because there were times I had sung even four songs a day."
- ^ Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 7". Rediff.com. http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/23sld7.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-28. "Asha Bhosle, in fact, occupies pride of place --- she is all set to complete 13,000 songs. And that must rate as the highest in Indian cinema -- Guinness or no Guinness."
- ^ "Most Recorded Artist-world record set by Asha Bhonsle". 3 September 2009. http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/entertainment/most_recorded_artist-world_record_set_by_Asha_Bhonsle_90336.htm. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ a b Baksi, Dibyojyoti (2011-10-22). "I am honoured after receiving this award: Asha Bhosle". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/I-am-honoured-after-receiving-this-award-Asha-Bhosle/H1-Article1-760281.aspx. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
- ^ "Sunita Williams, Baichung Bhutia among Padma awardees". http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/26/stories/2008012659641200.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Asha, 70 years, 70 landmarks". 2003-09-08. http://ia.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/05ms1.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
- ^ "Only Asha: Asha Bhosle". http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=950.
- ^ Malani, Gaurav (September 8, 2008). "Asha Unplugged over the years". Indiatimes. http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-3457219,prtpage-1.cms. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ a b "Asha Bhosle was the best person I ever met, An interview with O.P. Nayyar". Indya.com. http://music.indya.com/features/index.html. Retrieved 2005-11-11.
- ^ a b Jitesh Pillaai (2005-07-31). "Notes to Myself (An interview with Asha Bhosle)". Times Life, The Times of India, Mumbai (The Times Group): p. 43. http://epaperdaily.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JTS8yMDA1LzA3LzMxI0FyMDQzMDA=&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
- ^ Khubchandani, Lata (2003). Gulzar, Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee. ed. Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan. pp. 486–487. ISBN 81-7991-066-0.
- ^ a b c "Articles on Asha Bhosle — A voice for all seasons: Taken from Girija Rajendran's article for the Hindu". http://www.musicalnirvana.com/ghazal/asha_articles.html. Retrieved 2006-05-03.
- ^ Dil Padosi Hai, release
- ^ Ranjan Das Gupta. "More than a composer". Deccan Herald. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/125433/more-composer.html. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ Subhash K Jha (27 Jun 20120). "'I knew him from the time he ran around in shorts'". Mumbai. http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/jun/270610-lata-mangeshkar-rd-burman-71st-birthday.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ Sreemita Bhattacharya (8 Aug 2011). "I'm afraid to speak in Bengali: Asha Bhosle". Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-08/news-and-interviews/29863528_1_asha-bhosle-bengali-films-rabindra-sangeet. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ "Remembering R. D. Burman on his 72nd birth anniversary". New Delhi: India Today. 27 Jun 2011. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/remembering-r-d-burman-on-his-72nd-birth-anniversary/1/142841.html. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ "Yet Another 'First' National Chain Planned". Menu magazine. Archived from the original on 2005-10-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20051023164800/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/archive/dec04/asha_bhosle.html. Retrieved 2005-11-11.
- ^ a b c d e Chhibber, Kavita. "Kavita Chhibber's interview with Asha Bhosle". Archived from the original on 2005-12-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20051227124536/http://www.kavitachhibber.com/asha_bhosle.html. Retrieved 2006-05-03.
- ^ Archana Masih. Women of Substance
- ^ a b c d e f g h Asha Bhosle Awards. Asha-Bhosle.com. Accessed October 18, 2007
- ^ Abdul Waheed Khan being presented Dayawati Modi Award. portal.unesco.org. November 17, 2006. Accessed October 18, 2007.
- ^ Bhayani, Viral. Bachchan, Hema Honoured as Living Legends. redhotcurry.com. March 16, 2004. Accessed October 18, 2007.
- ^ 2005 Winners. MTV India. Accessed October 18, 2007.
- ^ History: Most Stylish People in Music. MTV India. Accessed October 18, 2007.
- ^ Tendulkar, Tata get top civilian honour, Hindustan Times, 25 January 2008.
- ^ Asha Bhosle on top 20 music icons list, Indian Express, 6 August 2010
- ^ Asha Bhosle among top 20 music icons, Hindustan Times, 7 August 2010
- ^ Banerjee, Soumyadipta (2011-10-22). "It’s a world record for Asha Bhosle". DNA India. http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_its-a-world-record-for-asha-bhosle_1601969. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
Further reading[link]
- Cakrabarti, Atanu (1999) (in Bengali). Āśā Bhom̐śale, jībana o gāna. Kolkata: Madela Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7616-040-7. OCLC 42764343.
- Ciṭakārā, Mukeśa (2006) (in Hindi). Āśā Bhoṃsale : gāne, kôrḍsa, aura svaralipi. Delhi: Music Books. ISBN 978-81-89511-00-5. OCLC 71351425.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Asha Bhosle |
- Asha Bhosle at the Internet Movie Database
- Asha Bhosle: The Voice Of Bollywood And More - audio report by NPR
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bhosle, Asha |
| Alternative names | Asha Bhonsle; Asha Bhonsale; Asha Bhosale |
| Short description | Singer |
| Date of birth | September 8, 1933 |
| Place of birth | Satara, Bombay Presidency, British India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Asha_Bhosle
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Бхосле, Аша
http://fr.wn.com/Asha Bhosle
http://de.wn.com/Asha Bhosle
http://it.wn.com/Asha Bhosle
http://hi.wn.com/आशा भोंसले
http://id.wn.com/Asha Bhosle
http://es.wn.com/Asha Bhosle
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asha_Bhosle
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Kumar Vishwas | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Occupation | Professor, Poet, Associate Professor |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Citizenship | Indian |
| Education | M.A., PhD., DLit |
| Genres | Romantic Poetry |
| Notable award(s) | Hindi-Punjabi Award Committee, Uttar Pradesh “Sahitya Shree-2006” Geet Shree 2010 |
|
www.kumarvishwas.com |
|
Kumar Vishwas' (डॉ. कुमार विश्वास ) (also spelt as Vishvas or Vishwas) (born 10 February 1970) is a renowned Hindi Poet and a professor of Hindi Literature from Pilkhuwa[1], Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Kumar Vishwas was born on 10 February 1970, in Pilkhuwa, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh in a Gaur Brahmin family. He is the youngest among four brothers and a sister. He started his schooling from Lala Ganga Sahay School, Pilkhuwa where he spent a part of his childhood. His father Dr. Chandra Pal Sharma was Lecturer in R.S.S. Degree College, Pilkhuwa affiliated to Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut and his mother Smt. Rama Sharma is a home maker. After completing his intermediate from Rajputana Regiment Inter College, Pilkhuwa, his father wanted him to be an Engineer, but he had a passion for Poetry right from the childhood. He took no interest in engineering and decided to make career in the field of Poetry. He did Post Graduation in Hindi Literature.
Career[link]
Vishvas started his career as a professor in the year 1994 from Rajasthan. He has been teaching Hindi Literature to higher class students of Lala Lajpat Rai College for the last sixteen years.[1]
Works and achievements[link]
Vishvas is a Poet of Hindi language. He is a poet of Shringara-Ras (Romantic Genre).[2] He has participated in several Kavi sammelan and is a very renowned poet.
His fan communities on social networking websites like Orkut,[3] and Facebook[4] have largest number of fans as compared to other Hindi poets.[citation needed] Also, his videos on YouTube have in excess of 40 million views.[5] His website[6] is a frequently visited website among youths.[citation needed]
Dr Kumar Vishvas has written the 'Kul-Geet' or the University Anthem of Chaudhary Charan Singh University.[7]
Besides being a known face among Hindi-knowing people across the world as a Poet, Dr Kumar Vishvas has been involving himself in several Social works. He is an active and renowned member of the Civil Society. He has been an integral part of Veteran Social Leader Anna Hazare's 'India against corruption' mission along with Mr Arvind Kejriwal and Mr Manish Sisodia for which he was arrested on 16 August 2011.[8]
Performances[link]
Vishvas has been performing regularly in Kavi sammelan all over India and abroad. The list includes Thapar University, BIT SINDRI, Sindri , INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINES, Dhanbad, Jamia Hamdard University, IIIT Hyderabad, RKGIT Ghaziabad, NIFT Gandhinagar, IIT Guwahati, NIT ROURKELA, IIT Kanpur, IIT Roorkee,[9] IIT Kharagpur,[10] IIT Bubaneshwar,[11] Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi,[12] DA-IICT Gandhinagar, B.J. Medical College Ahmadabad , Sri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology Bareilly, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College Moradabad, MNIT Jaipur, Management Development Institute Gurgaon, Fore School of Management New Delhi, NIT Surat, B.S.Anangpuria Institute of Technology and Management Faridabad,[13] KIIT University Bhubaneswar,[14] NSIT Delhi, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra IIITM Gwalior, CDGI INDORE,[15] Jawaharlal Nehru University Delhi,[16] MNNIT Allahabad,[17] NIT Patna,[18][19] IIM Lucknow,[20] NIT Jalandhar,[21] NIT Trichy,[22] NIT Durgapur, BITS, Pilani,[23] LNCT Bhopal,[24] MERI Kolkata, [(Maharaja Sayaji Rao University ,Baroda|http://www.msubaroda.ac.in/)] B.I.T. Sindri,[25] IET Lucknow, SSGPURC hoshiarpur, JIIT, Noida[26], KNIT Sultanpur and MITS, Gwalior[27], Institute of Technology- BHU and Babasaheb Naik College Of Engineering Pusad.(Maharashtra)and several other institutions across India.
He has also been a part of corporate celebration across India.[citation needed]
Besides performing in almost all parts of India, Dr Kumar Vishvas has also performed in countries like USA,[28] Dubai,[29] Singapore[30], Japan [31] Muscat, Abu Dhabi, Nepal etc.
Awards[link]
- Kavya – Kumar in 1994 by Dr. Kunwar Baichain Kavya samman avam puruskaar samiti[32]
- Dr. Suman Alankarna in 2004 by Sahitya Bharti, Unnao.[32]
- Sahitya Shree - 2006 by Hindi-Punjabi Award Academy.[33]
- Dr Urmilesh "Geet Shree" Samman, 2010 by Dr Urmilesh Jan Chetna Samiti, Badaun.[34]
References[link]
- ^ 086 L R COLLEGE, SAHIBABAD mark Sheet of ccs university, meerut PDF Download
- ^ कुमार विश्वास - Kavita Kosh
- ^ orkut
- ^ Niet compatibele browser | Facebook
- ^ YouTube - kavita really nice... Dr. Kumar vishwas
- ^ Dr Kumar Vishvas
- ^ http://ccsuniversity.ac.in/new/Kulgeet.htm
- ^ http://mediamusic.bhadas4media.com/home/viewvideo/318/--society-concern/kumar-vishwas-appeals-to-join-anna-hazare-hunger-strike-for-lokpal-bill.html
- ^ Uttarakhand Traffic: Dr Kumar Vishwas at IIT roorkee in Kavi Samelan
- ^ Kumar Vishwas at Hasya Kavi Sammelan, Springfest 2009, IIT Kharagpur video izle
- ^ Orissa HRD
- ^ Algorhythm 2011
- ^ http://wwwB.S..thehindubusinessline.com/2010/11/12/stories/2010111252762300.htm
- ^ Player | TipTik.in
- ^ Koi Deewana Kehta - by Dr. Kumar Vishvas - Video
- ^ http://soties.blogspot.com/2010/01/kumar-vishwas-in-jnu.html
- ^ Kumar Vishwas New Kavita March (2010) MNNIT Part 8
- ^ Dr. Kumar Vishwas @ NIT PATNA Videos, Watch Free Dr. Kumar Vishwas @ NIT PATNA Videos Online : IN.com
- ^ Mahakal Institute of Technology, Ujjain
- ^ The Official Blog of IIM Lucknow
- ^ CEREBRUM AT ANAND ENGG. COLLEGE,AGRA Utkansh'10, NIT- Jalandhar presents Utkansh 2010,Annual Cultural Festival | Events Home
- ^ Nit Trichy Timeline
- ^ BITS Pilani Oasis Festival – BITS Pilani to host 40th Oasis Festival on 22-26 October 2010 | Press Release
- ^ KUMAR VISHWAS AT LNCT BHOPAL YUVA UTSAV - Filestube Video Search
- ^ Niet compatibele browser | Facebook
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaypee_Institute_of_Information_Technology
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhav_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science
- ^ India Abroad - June 4, 2010
- ^ Indian Mushaira in DSF | Dubai Travel News
- ^ Hindi poet on a peace mission - International News – News – MSN India
- ^ http://iskconjapan.com/diwali2011.html
- ^ a b kavi sammelan,hasya kavi sammelan,hindi kavi sammelan,kavi sammelan video,hindi poems
- ^ http://international.zeenews.com/inner1.asp?aid=197170&ssid=8&sid=ART
- ^ हिन्दी मीडिया । मीडिया चैनल । खबरें
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Viswas, Kumar |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian poet |
| Date of birth | 10 Februarj |
| Place of birth | Pilkhuwa, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Kumar_Vishwas
Related pages:
http://hi.wn.com/कुमार विश्वास
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumar_Vishwas
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. (October 2010) |
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Mukul M. Sharma is currently Full Professor and W. A. "Tex" Moncrief, Jr. Centennial Chair in Petroleum Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He received B.Sc. from the Indian Institute of Technology (1980), M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from University of Southern California. He has been affiliated with UT Austin's PGE department from 1985. He has graduated more than 100 students and currently oversees a group of approximately 20 students.
Notable awards include the 1983 Best SPE PhD student paper, the 1998 SPE Formation Evaluation Award, the Lester C. Uren Award and the SPE Anthony F. Lucas Gold Medal in 2009.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sharma, Mukul |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Mukul_Sharma
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukul_Sharma
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Agra (i/ˈɑːɡrə/; Hindi: आगरा, Urdu: آ گرہ), the erstwhile capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometres (226 mi) west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India. Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
The city finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa, or 'the border of the forest'. Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (circa 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present Fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Sultan Sikandar Lodī was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in the year 1506; he died in 1517 and his son Ibrāhīm Lodī remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal emperors from 1526 to 1658 and remains a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
