Fabrizio De André (18 February 1940 - 11 January 1999) was an Italian singer-songwriter. In his works he often told stories of marginalized and rebellious people, prostitutes and knaves, and attacked the hypocrisies of the Catholic Church. In Italy and in the rest of world he is considered a poet because of the quality of his lyrics. He was an atheist.
Biography
De André was born in
Genova, welcomed into the world by
Gino Marinuzzi's "Country
Waltz" on the home
gramophone. Twenty-five years later, Fabrizio De André would set his "Waltz for a Love" to Marinuzzi's waltz tune.
When the war broke out, the De André family had to seek refuge in a country farm near Revignano (a little town near Asti), in the Piemonte. Fabrizio's father, who was an Anti-fascista pursued by the police, joined the partisans. In 1945 the De André family moved back to Genova. Fabrizio went to primary school, first at the Marcellian Sisters' School and, later, at the Cesare Battisti public school. He went on to the Liceo Classico "Cristoforo Colombo"; after his final examination, he enrolled in the Law School of the University of Genova; but he did not graduate (he gave up when he had only a few exams left). De André played the violin first, then the guitar, and joined a number of local jazz bands (jazz was his "first love").
First recordings
In 1961 De André recorded his first two songs, "Nuvole barocche" ("Baroque Clouds") and "E fu la notte" ("And There Was Night"); in 1962 he married Puny Rignon, a Genoese woman nearly ten years older. That same year the couple had their first and only son,
Cristiano, who would follow in his father's footsteps and become a musician and songwriter as well.
In the following years De André wrote a number of songs which made him known to a larger public, soon becoming classic hits: "La guerra di Piero" ("Peter's War"), "La ballata dell'eroe" ("The Hero's Ballad"), "Il testamento di Tito" ("Titus's Will"), "La Ballata del Michè" ("Mike's Ballad"), "Via del Campo" (literally "Field Street", a famous street in Genoa), "La canzone dell'amore perduto" ("Song for the Lost Love"), "La città vecchia" ("Old Downtown"), "Carlo Martello ritorna dalla battaglia di Poitiers" ("Charles Martel on His Way Back from Poitiers", written together with actor Paolo Villaggio, one of De André closest friends), and "La canzone di Marinella" ("Marinella's Song").
Volume 1
De André's first LP, ''
Volume 1'', was issued shortly after (1968), followed by ''
Tutti morimmo a stento'' ("We All Died Agonizingly") and ''
Volume 3''; both LPs soon reached the top of the Italian hit-parade. The former contained a personal version of "Eroina" ("Heroin") by the poet
Riccardo Mannerini, entitled "Cantico dei drogati" ("Canticle of the Junkies").
''La buona novella''
In 1970 De André wrote ''
La buona novella'' ("The Good News" - a literal rendition of the etymology of
gospel), a concept album based on
Christ's life as told in the
Apocrypha. The album was very controversial, especially the song "Il testamento di Tito" ("Titus's Will"), in which one of the thieves crucified together with Jesus violently refutes the
Ten Commandments. He had written a number of songs (like "Preghiera in Gennaio", "Prayer in January", and "Si chiamava Gesù", "His Name Was Jesus") in which he showed a
Christian-like open-minded spirit and in the meantime invited the audience in his own delicate way to think about the manipulation of the church.
''Non al denaro non all'amore né al cielo''
In 1971 he wrote another celebrated concept album, ''
Non al denaro non all'amore né al cielo'' ("Neither to money, nor to love, nor to Heaven"), based on
Edgar Lee Masters's ''
Spoon River Anthology''; in an interview the LP was introduced to
Fernanda Pivano, the first Italian translator of the "Anthology" and one of
Cesare Pavese's most intimate friends. Fabrizio De André's name began to be associated with literature and poetry, and some of his songs found their way into school books.
''Storia di un impiegato'' and ''Canzoni''
In 1973 he wrote his most "political" album, ''
Storia di un impiegato'' ("Story of an Employee").
The following year, De André issued ''
Canzoni'' ("Songs"), a collection of his translations from
Georges Brassens,
Leonard Cohen and
Bob Dylan. The album also included a number of his old songs from the 1960s.
''Volume 8''
In 1975 De André (who, meanwhile, had divorced his wife Puny and begun a relationship with the folksinger
Dori Ghezzi) wrote ''
Volume 8'' with another famous Italian singer-songwriter,
Francesco De Gregori. With this album, he broke with "tradition" in order to find a new approach to poetry and music. The lyrics show how deep the influence of modern poetry is on De André's work. 1975 marked a real change in De André's life: he began to perform in a series of memorable concerts (after his first performances of the early 1960s, he had always refused to appear in public, except for a couple of TV broadcastings), and planned to move to
Sardinia with his new love. To this purpose, he bought the Agnata homestead, near
Tempio Pausania, in the northern part of the island, devoting himself to farming and cattle breeding.
In 1977 the couple had a daughter, Luisa Vittoria (nicknamed "Luvi"). The following year De André issued a new LP, ''Rimini''. Most songs included on this album were written together with Massimo Bubola, a young singer-songwriter from Verona.
Concerts with PFM and kidnapping
1979 was another milestone in De André's life. The year began with a series of famous live concerts from which a double LP is compiled; De André was accompanied by one of the most renowned Italian
progressive rock bands,
Premiata Forneria Marconi (PFM); the albums were released as ''
In Concerto'' (1979), and ''
In Concerto - Volume 2'' (1980). At the end of August, however, a most striking episode occurred: De André and Ghezzi were kidnapped for ransom by a gang of Sardinian bandits and held prisoners in the
Supramonte mountain. The couple was released four months later; ransom was reportedly paid; as De André states in some interviews he was helped by his father in finding the money, and had to start a tour shortly after the release of the "Indiano" album to repay him. When the bandits were apprehended by the police, De André was called as witness before the Court. He showed compassion for some of his kidnappers, since he was well treated by his "guardians" and declared his solidarity with them. "They were the real prisoners, not I", he said. This declaration is a good example of De André's viewpoint and approach. He said he understood they were driven by need, but he did not show any compassion for the higher echelon of the group that organized his kidnapping, since they were already rich.
This dramatic episode, and the hard life of the Sardinian people, gave him inspiration for his following album, released in 1981. The album is untitled, but, from the image of a Native American appearing on the cover, the mass-media call it "The Indian". In De André's poetical vision, the American Indians merge with the poor Sardinian shepherds as an allegory for the marginalization and subjugation of people who are "different". The album contains one of his most famous songs, "Fiume Sand Creek" ("Sand Creek River"): in De André's unique, allusive way it tells the story of the massacre of defenseless Native Americans by US Army troops on 29 November 1864.
''Crêuza de mä''
In 1984 he turned to his native
Genoese dialect and wrote, in collaboration with former PFM member
Mauro Pagani, one of his most celebrated albums, ''
Crêuza de mä'' ("Path to the sea", the term "Crêuza" actually indicates a narrow road bordered by low walls, typical of
Genoa and
Liguria in general). The songs are a tribute to the traditional music from the Mediterranean basin. The album was awarded an unending series of prizes and was greeted as "the best Italian album of the 1980s". It was named by
David Byrne as one of his favourite albums.
Wim Wenders said that it was the album that introduced him to the music of De André, who the director names as one of his favourite artists.
As Pagani has repeatedly stated, De Andrè wrote the lyrics for the album, while the music was almost entirely Pagani's.
1990s
In 1989 De André married Ghezzi; the following year a new album was issued, ''
Le nuvole'' ("The Clouds"), which included two more songs in the
Genoese dialect, one in the Gallurese dialect of Northern
Sardinia ("Monti di Mola") and one in the Neapolitan dialect, the highly ironic "Don Raffaè". A new series of triumphal live concerts followed, from which a double LP, ''
1991 Concerti'' ("Concerts 1991"), was drawn.
In 1992 he started a new series of live concerts, performing in a number of theatres for the first time.
De André's last original album, ''Anime salve'' ("Saved Souls"), was issued in 1996. Written in collaboration with Ivano Fossati, it represents a sort of "spiritual will", and includes songs such as "Khorakhané" (dedicated to the Muslim Roma people), "Disamistade" (a return to his beloved Sardinian themes, which has been translated into English and sung by The Walkabouts) and "Smisurata preghiera" ("An Infinite Prayer"), based on the Colombian writer and storyteller Álvaro Mutis's ''The Adventures and Misadventures of Maqroll''. De André also sang a Spanish version of this song, ''Desmedida plegaria''.
In 1997, he started a new tour of theatre concerts and a new song collection, called ''M'innamoravo di tutto'' ("I Used to Fall in Love with Everything", a quote from one of his older songs, ''Coda di Lupo'' - ''Wolf's Tail''), was issued. The ''Anime salve'' concert tour went on up to the late summer of 1998, when De André stopped at the first symptoms of a serious disease, which was later diagnosed as lung cancer.
De André died in Milan on 11 January 1999, at 2:30 am. Two days later, he was buried in his native town, Genoa; the ceremony was attended by an immense crowd of about 20,000. He rests in the Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno, in the De André family chapel.
Discography
Albums
''Tutto Fabrizio De André (1966)''
''Volume 1 (1967)''
''Tutti morimmo a stento (1968)''
''Volume 3 (1968)''
''Nuvole barocche (1969)''
''La buona novella (1970)''
''Non al denaro non all'amore né al cielo (1971)''
''Storia di un impiegato (1973)''
''Canzoni (1974)''
''Volume 8 (1975)''
''Rimini (1978)''
''
In Concerto - Arrangiamenti PFM (1979)''
''
In Concerto - Arrangiamenti PFM Vol. 2 (1980)''
''Fabrizio De André (1981)''
''Crêuza de mä (1984)''
''Le nuvole (1990)''
''
1991 Concerti (1991)''
''Anime salve (1996)''
''Mi innamoravo di tutto (1997)'' (anthology)
''
De André in concerto (1999)''
''
Da Genova (2000)''
''
Peccati di gioventù (2000)''
''
Ed avevamo gli occhi troppo belli (2001)''
''
Fabrizio De André in Concerto Volume II (2001)''
''
In direzione ostinata e contraria (2005)''
''
In direzione ostinata e contraria 2 (2006)''
Singles
''Periodo Karim (1961-66)''
''Il pescatore (1970)''
''Suzanne/Giovanna d'Arco (1972)''
''Una storia sbagliata/Titti (1980)''
Novels
''Un destino ridicolo (1996)'', with Alessandro Gennari - ISBN 88-06-17591-2
Notes and References
External links
Via del campo tribute website to Fabrizio De André. It hosts the English translations of some of his songs.
Antiwar Songs by Fabrizio De André translated in many different languages
Simon Evnine, a philosophy professor at the University of Miami, has translated some of De André's songs in singable rhyme.
"The other Fabrizio", with videos, songs, Italian/English lyrics and comments on Fabrizio's songs as well as articles on Fabrizio's anarchy.
Category:1940 births
Category:1999 deaths
Category:Italian singer-songwriters
Category:People from Genoa (city)
Category:Italian anarchists
Category:Italian atheists
Category:Italian-language singers
Category:Cancer deaths in Italy
Category:Kidnapped Italian people
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