- published: 31 Jan 2013
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- author: WashingtonPost
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California
California (pronounced
i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ or
i/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: 
جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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NATO
Coordinates: 50°52′34.16″N 4°25′19.24″E / 50.8761556°N 4.4220111°E / 50.8761556; 4.4220111
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO (
/ˈneɪtoʊ/ NAY-toh; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN)), also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programs. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the world's defence spending.
For its first few years, NATO was not much more than a political association. However, the Korean War galvanized the member states, and an integrated military structure was built up under the direction of two U.S. supreme commanders. The course of the Cold War led to a rivalry with nations of the Warsaw Pact, which formed in 1955. The first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay, stated in 1949 that the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down." Doubts over the strength of the relationship between the European states and the United States ebbed and flowed, along with doubts over the credibility of the NATO defence against a prospective Soviet invasion—doubts that led to the development of the independent French nuclear deterrent and the withdrawal of the French from NATO's military structure in 1966.
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Nebraska
Nebraska (i/nəˈbræskə/) is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. Its state capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River.
The state is crossed by many historic trails, but it was the California Gold Rush that first brought large numbers here, and it became a state in 1867. Certain landmarks still compete for the notional distinction 'Where the West Begins'.
There are wide variations between winter and summer temperatures, and violent thunderstorms and tornadoes are common. The state is characterized by treeless prairie, ideal for cattle-grazing, and it is a major producer of beef, as well as pork, maize and soybeans. Nebraska is overwhelmingly rural, as the 8th least-densely populated state of the United States.
Ethnically, the largest group are German-Americans, and the state has the biggest Czech-American population per head. During the Great Migration, many African Americans came to Omaha, and they continue to campaign for improved conditions. More recently, Native American activism has increased, with a drive for self-determination in a climate of co-operation with state officials on regional issues. It is traditionally a Republican-voting state.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Dayton
Coordinates: 39°44′26″N 84°10′48″W / 39.74056°N 84.18°W / 39.74056; -84.18
The University of Dayton (abbreviated and commonly referred to as UD) is a private Roman Catholic university operated by the Society of Mary located in Dayton, Ohio, United States. The full-time undergraduate student enrollment is around 7,500, and total student enrollment is about 11,000.
The University of Dayton is one of the ten largest Catholic schools in the United States and is the largest of the three Marianist universities in the nation. It is also home to one of the largest campus ministry programs in the world. The university offers more than 70 academic programs in arts and sciences, business administration, education and allied professions, engineering and law. It was first in the country to offer an undergraduate degree program in human rights.
In 1849, Rev. Leo Meyer purchased the land for the future university from John Stuart with a medal of St. Joseph, and a promise of US$12,000 during a cholera epidemic. As a condition of purchase, Rev. Meyer promised to maintain the grave site of Stuart's daughter. The land, known then as Dewberry Farm, was 125 acres (0.5 km2) and was primarily vineyards and orchards.
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Algernon Paddock
Algernon Sidney Paddock (November 9, 1830 – October 17, 1897) was an American politician who served as a Republican secretary of Nebraska Territory and U.S. Senator from Nebraska after statehood.
Paddock was born in Glens Falls, New York. His father, Ira Paddock, was a prominent lawyer. Algernon lived in upstate New York until the age of 27, attending Glens Falls Academy and Union College, teaching school and studying law. He visited a brother in Detroit, Michigan for three months after college, but then returned to New York.
In 1857, Paddock left New York and settled in Omaha, Nebraska, where he started a farm and a law practice. He became an important member of the community, immediately entering politics as a member of the United States Republican Party in which he would be active for the rest of his life. He unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the Nebraska Territory house of representatives in 1858. He helped edit the newspaper "Nebraska Republican" from 1858 to 1859. He attended a territorial convention in 1859 and the Republican Convention as a delegate in 1860. In 1860 he campaigned heavily for Abraham Lincoln in Nebraska and New York.
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Alvin Saunders
Alvin Saunders (July 12, 1817 – November 1, 1899) was a U.S. Senator from Nebraska, in the United States, as well as the governor of the Nebraska Territory for most of the American Civil War.
Saunders was born in Fleming County, Kentucky. He attended the common schools and pursued an academic course; he moved with his father to Illinois in 1829 and then to Mount Pleasant, Iowa (then a part of Wisconsin Territory) in 1836.
He was the postmaster of Mount Pleasant for seven years. Saunders studied law but never entered into practice; instead, he engaged in mercantile pursuits and banking. He was a delegate to the Iowa State constitutional convention in 1846 and was a member of the Iowa State Senate from 1854 to 1856 and 1858 to 1860. Saunders was one of the commissioners appointed by Congress to organize the Union Pacific Railroad Company.
He served as the last Governor of Nebraska Territory from 1861 to 1867. He was a delegate to the 1868 Republican National Convention. Saunders was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1883; chairman of the Committee on Territories (Forty-seventh Congress). He died in Omaha on November 1, 1899; interment in Forest Lawn Cemetery.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Ben Nelson
Earl Benjamin "Ben" Nelson (born May 17, 1941) is the senior United States Senator from Nebraska, serving since 2001. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Nelson entered politics in 1990, when he was elected the 37th Governor of Nebraska. He was re-elected in 1994 with 74% of the vote. Nelson ran for an open seat in the U.S. Senate in 1996, losing to Republican Chuck Hagel, and left the Governor's office in January 1999 due to term limits, after serving two full terms. Nelson was elected to the U.S. Senate in the 2000 election after incumbent Bob Kerrey retired.
On December 27, 2011, Nelson announced that he would not seek a third Senate term in 2012.
Nelson was born in McCook, in southwestern Nebraska. He is the only child of Birdella Ruby (née Henderson) and Benjamin Earl Nelson. He earned a B.A. in 1963, a M.A. in 1965, and a J.D. in 1970 from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Nelson made his name and money in the insurance industry. After graduating from law school, Nelson landed a job as assistant general counsel for Central National Insurance Group of Omaha. In 1975, he became state insurance director before going back to work for Central National Insurance as an executive vice president and eventually president. He won his first elected office in 1990 when he became governor of Nebraska.
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Bob Kerrey
Joseph Robert "Bob" Kerrey (born August 27, 1943) was the 35th Governor of Nebraska from 1983 to 1987 and a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1989 to 2001. After serving in the Vietnam War and being awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions, he moved into politics. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1992. From 2001 to 2010, Kerrey served as president of The New School, a university in New York City. In May 2010, he was selected to become the head of the Motion Picture Association of America. But in July 2010, both Kerrey and the MPAA could not reach an agreement and former Connecticut Senator Chris Dodd was selected instead. On February 27, 2012, aides confirmed that Kerrey was filing to seek election to his old Senate seat, to replace the retiring Democratic incumbent Ben Nelson. He faces Republican nominee Deb Fischer.
Kerrey was born in Lincoln, Nebraska where he attended the public schools, graduating from Lincoln Northeast High School. He credits Bob Reese, his chemistry teacher, for inspiring his pursuit of a career in the sciences. He went on to earn a degree in pharmacy from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1966. Kerrey pledged Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, and during his senior year he was tackled into the Society of Innocents, the chancellor's senior honorary society of spirit boosters.
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Carl Curtis
Carl Thomas Curtis (March 15, 1905 – January 24, 2000) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. He served as a Republican in the House of Representatives (1939–1954) and later the Senate (1954–1979).
Curtis was born on his family's farm in Kearney County. He attended public schools and later attended Nebraska Wesleyan University, where he was a member of Theta Chi. He studied law on his own and passed the bar exam. He began practicing law in Kearney County and served as the county attorney from 1931 to 1934.
Curtis was elected to the House of Representatives in 1938 on an anti-Franklin D. Roosevelt and New Deal platform. He served in the House from 1939 until 1954, being reelected every two years. Curtis ran for the Senate from Nebraska in 1954 and won the election; he was reelected three more times to six-year times, serving from 1955 to 1979. He voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Curtis was loyal to the Republican Party, particularly supporting its anti-communist stances and fiscal conservatism, which included opposition to social programs such as the New Deal and Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society.
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Carl Levin
Carl Milton Levin (born June 28, 1934) is the senior United States Senator from Michigan, serving since 1979. He is the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Armed Services. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
He has been Michigan's senior senator since 1995. He has served as a U.S. Senator longer than any Senator in Michigan history. He was elected to a sixth term in 2008, which will end in January 2015. He is the younger brother of U.S. Representative Sander M. Levin.
Levin was born in Detroit, the son of Jewish parents Bess (née Levinson) and Saul R. Levin. He attended Detroit public schools and graduated from Swarthmore College in 1956 and from Harvard Law School in 1959. Soon after earning his law degree, he was admitted to the Michigan bar and opened a practice in Detroit, where he still lives. He received honorary degrees from Michigan State University in 2004, Wayne State University in 2005, and Michigan Technological University in 2008.
He was state assistant police officer and general counsel for the Michigan civil rights commission from 1964 to 1967. He was special assistant attorney general for the state of Michigan and chief appellate defender for the city of Detroit from 1968 to 1969. He was a member of the Detroit City Council from 1969 to 1977, serving two four-year terms, the last four years as council president.
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Charles Van Wyck
Charles Henry Van Wyck (May 10, 1824 – October 24, 1895) was a Representative from New York, a Senator from Nebraska, and a Union Army Brigadier general in the American Civil War.
Van Wyck was born in Poughkeepsie, New York. He completed preparatory studies and graduated from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1843. Van Wyck studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced the practice of law. He then moved to Bloomingburg, New York, where he was a district attorney 1850-1856.
Van Wyck was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from New York to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859 – March 4, 1863). He served as chairman, Committee on Mileage (Thirty-sixth Congress) and on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions (Thirty-seventh Congress).
Van Wyck delivered a harsh anti-slavery speech on the House floor on March 7, 1860, which denounced the Southern states for the "crime against the laws of God and nature." The speech was widely reported. On February 22, 1861, Van Wyck was assaulted near the Capital building by three men in an assassination attempt, an attack which was reported as related to the prior year's speech. Van Wyck fought off the attack, surviving only because of a book and congressional records which he had kept in the breast pocket of his coat had blocked the blade of a Bowie knife. The three men fled and were never identified. This was also the same night as an alleged attempt was made to assassinate president-elect Abraham Lincoln in Baltimore, Maryland.
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Chuck Hagel
Charles Timothy "Chuck" Hagel (born October 4, 1946) is a former United States Senator from Nebraska. A member of the Republican Party, he was first elected in 1996 and was reelected in 2002. In 2009, he was elected as Chairman of the Atlantic Council.
Born in North Platte, Nebraska, to Betty Dunn Hagel and Charles Dean Hagel, who had German and Polish ancestry, he graduated from St. Bonaventure High School (now Scotus Central Catholic High School) in Columbus, Nebraska, the Brown Institute for Radio and Television in 1966 and the University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1971. Hagel is a Vietnam War veteran, having served in the United States Army infantry, attaining the rank of Sergeant (E-5) from 1967 – 1968. He served as an infantry squad leader in the 9th Infantry Division. While serving during the Vietnam War, Hagel received the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, two Purple Hearts, Army Commendation Medal, and the Combat Infantryman Badge.[citation needed] After returning from Vietnam, he worked as a bartender and radio newscaster while finishing college.
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David Boaz
David Boaz (b. August 29, 1953, Mayfield, Kentucky) is the executive vice president of the Cato Institute, an American libertarian think tank. He played a key role in the Institute's development and the American libertarian movement.
He is the author of Libertarianism: A Primer, published in 1997 by the Free Press and described by the Los Angeles Times as "a well-researched manifesto of libertarian ideas," the editor of The Libertarian Reader, and co-editor of the Cato Handbook for Congress (2003) and the Cato Handbook on Policy (2005). He frequently discusses such topics as education choice, the growth of government, the ownership society, his support of drug legalization, and the rise of libertarianism on national television and radio shows.
Boaz's March 1988 New York Times article on the futility of the drug war generated much debate over the decriminalization of drugs. His articles have also published in the Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, National Review, and Slate. He also has appeared on ABC's Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher, CNN's Crossfire, NPR's Talk of the Nation and All Things Considered, Fox News Channel, BBC, Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, and other media. Boaz, a graduate of Vanderbilt University, is the former editor of New Guard magazine and was executive director of the Council for a Competitive Economy prior to joining Cato in 1981.
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David Karnes
David Kemp Karnes (born December 12, 1948) was a United States Senator from Nebraska. He is President and Chief Executive Officer of The Fairmont Group Incorporated, a merchant banking/consulting company with offices in Omaha and Washington. Karnes also serves in an “of counsel” capacity to the national law firm of Kutak Rock and practices out of the firm’s Omaha and Washington offices. He joined the firm in 1989 following his tenure as a United States Senator. He is currently involved in numerous civic, educational and charitable organizations in Nebraska and nationally.
Karnes was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He attended the University of Nebraska in Lincoln for his undergraduate education graduating in 1971. As an undergrad he joined Beta Theta Pi fraternity, serving one term as chapter president. He remained in Lincoln to attend law school. In 1981, Karnes was selected and served as a White House Fellow. Following his tenure at the White House, Karnes became executive assistant to Under Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in 1982 under President Ronald Reagan and subsequently served as special counsel for the Federal Home Loan Bank Board in 1983 he became chairman of Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka Board of Directors serving in that capacity from 1983-1987 during that time he also served as general counsel for an agribusiness and merchandising firm.
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Dick Cheney
Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30, 1941) served as the 46th Vice President of the United States (2001–2009), under George W. Bush.
Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, Cheney was primarily raised in Sumner, Nebraska, and Casper, Wyoming. He began his political career as an intern for Congressman William A. Steiger, eventually working his way into the White House during the Nixon and Ford administrations, where he served the latter as White House Chief of Staff. In 1978, Cheney was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming; he was reelected five times, eventually becoming House Minority Whip. Cheney was selected to be the Secretary of Defense during the presidency of George H. W. Bush, holding the position for the majority of Bush's term. During this time, Cheney oversaw the 1991 Operation Desert Storm, among other actions.
Out of office during the Clinton presidency, Cheney was chairman and CEO of Halliburton Company from 1995 to 2000.
Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Marjorie Lorraine (née Dickey) and Richard Herbert Cheney. He is of predominantly English, as well as Welsh, Irish, and French Huguenot, ancestry; Cheney's 8th great-grandfather, William Cheney, immigrated from England to Massachusetts in the 17th century. Although not a direct descendant, he is collaterally related to Benjamin Pierce Cheney (1815–1895), the early American expressman. Cheney is a very distant cousin of both Harry S. Truman and Barack Obama; the three share a common ancestor in Mareen Duvall, a Huguenot who fled from France to England in the 17th century and later settled in Maryland. His father was a soil conservation agent for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and his mother was a softball star in the 1930s; Cheney was one of three children.
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Don Stenberg
Don Stenberg is a Republican politician and attorney from Nebraska. He served as Attorney General of Nebraska from 1991 to 2003 and currently serves as State Treasurer of Nebraska to which he took office in 2011. He also served as legal counsel to Governor Charles Thone from 1979 to 1983.
Stenberg was born and raised in Tekamah, Nebraska. To pay for college, he detasseled corn, hauled bales, mowed lawns, and life guarded at the local swimming pool. After graduating from University of Nebraska–Lincoln (1970), Harvard Law School (1974), and Harvard Business School (1974) he practiced law in Lincoln.
In 1978, Stenberg ran for Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska, coming in fourth in the Republican primary with just 13% of the vote. Roland A. Luedtke won the primary with a plurality of 31%.
In 1979, he was named as Legal Counsel to Republican Governor of Nebraska Charles Thone. Don has also served as Director of the Governor’s Policy Research Office, Assistant to the Governor, and Director of the Department of Administrative Services.
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Dwight Griswold
Dwight Palmer Griswold (November 27, 1893 – April 12, 1954) was an American politician who served as the 25th Governor of Nebraska from 1940 to 1946 and U.S. Senator from 1952 to 1954. He was a Republican.
Griswold was born in Harrison, Nebraska. He attended public schools in Gordon, Nebraska, Kearney Military Academy, and Nebraska Wesleyan University. He received a B.A. degree from the University of Nebraska in Lincoln in 1914.
Griswold served as an infantry sergeant on the U.S.-Mexico border 1916-1917 and became a captain in field artillery during World War I.
Griswold was the editor and publisher of the Gordon Journal, 1922-1940. He served in the Nebraska House of Representatives in 1920 and in the Nebraska Senate 1925-1929. He was an unsuccessful candidate for governor in 1932, 1934, and 1936. He was elected governor in 1940 and reelected in 1942 and 1944. Griswold challenged Senator Hugh Butler in the 1946 Republican Primary, but was badly defeated.
Griswold served in the Military Government of Germany in 1947 and was chief of the American mission for aid to Greece 1947-1948.
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Edward Zorinsky
Edward Zorinsky (November 11, 1928 – March 6, 1987) was an American politician. A Democrat, he served as a U.S. Senator from Nebraska from 1976 until his death in 1987. He was the first Jewish person elected to statewide office in Nebraska.
Edward Zorinsky was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He received his early education at Saunders and Rosehill elementary schools in his native city, and graduated from Central High School in 1945. He attended the University of Minnesota (1945-1946) and Creighton University (1946-1948) before completing his studies at the University of Nebraska, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry and zoology in 1949.
For twenty-three years, Zorinsky worked in the wholesale tobacco and candy business. He also served in the U.S. Army Reserve from 1949 to 1962. He enrolled at Harvard University in 1966 to pursue his graduate work, and later served as a member of the Nebraska Judicial Qualifications Commission (1968-1971) and of the Board of Directors for Omaha Public Power District (1969-1973). From 1973 to 1977, he served as Mayor of Omaha. He earned a great deal of popularity due to his response to a blizzard and a series of tornadoes that hit Omaha in 1975.
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Elmer Burkett
Elmer Jacob Burkett (December 1, 1867 – May 23, 1935) was a Representative and a Senator from Nebraska.
Burkett was born on a farm near Glenwood, Iowa. He attended the public schools and graduated from Tabor College in 1890 and from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln College of Law in 1893. He served as principal of the Leigh, Nebraska, public schools from 1890–1892; he was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Lincoln, Nebraska. Burkett was a trustee of Tabor College from 1895-1905. He was a member of the Nebraska House of Representatives 1896-1898.
Burkett was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-sixth, Fifty-seventh, and Fifty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1899-March 4, 1905); he was reelected to the Fifty-ninth Congress, but resigned, effective March 4, 1905, to become a Senator. He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1905, to March 4, 1911. During his term, he served as the chairman of the Committee on Indian Depredations (Fifty-ninth Congress) and on the Committee on Pacific Railroads (Fifty-ninth through Sixty-first Congresses). Burkett was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1910. He then resumed the practice of law in Lincoln; he declined the candidacy for Governor of Nebraska in 1912, and was also an unsuccessful candidate for the Vice Presidential nomination in 1912 after the death of incumbent James S. Sherman. He died in Lincoln on May 23, 1935, and was interred in Wyuka Cemetery.
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Eva Bowring
Eva Kelly Bowring (January 9, 1892 – January 8, 1985) was a U.S. Senator from Nebraska. Bowring was born in Nevada, Missouri. In 1928, she married Arthur Bowring. They made their home at the Bowring Ranch near Merriman in Cherry County, Nebraska.
Bowring was active in Republican politics in Nebraska. She was appointed to the United States Senate by Governor Robert B. Crosby to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dwight Griswold, making her the first woman to represent Nebraska in the Senate. She served from April 16, 1954, to November 7, 1954.
After her service in the Senate, Bowring continued ranching near Merriman. She served part-time on the Board of Parole of the Department of Justice from 1956 to 1964. She died in 1985, only one day before her 93rd birhtday. After her death, Bowring Ranch was donated to the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, becoming Bowring Ranch State Historical Park.
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Fred Andrew Seaton
Frederick Andrew Seaton (December 11, 1909 – January 16, 1974) was United States Secretary of the Interior during Dwight Eisenhower's administration.
Seaton was born in Washington, D.C., but grew up and attended high school in Manhattan, Kansas. He graduated from Kansas State University in 1931, and in 1937 moved to Hastings, Nebraska, where he was publisher of the Daily Tribune for many years.
Seaton was active in Republican politics. He was appointed to the United States Senate in December 1951 by Nebraska Governor Val Peterson to fill the vacancy created by the death of Kenneth S. Wherry. He served until November 4, 1952.
Seaton served in various White House and subcabinet posts in the Eisenhower administration before he was appointed United States Secretary of the Interior. He served in that office from 1956-1961. During his tenure, Alaska and Hawaii became the 49th and 50th states admitted to the Union.
Seaton ran for governor of Nebraska in 1962. He was defeated by incumbent Governor Frank B. Morrison (Olson, p. 335). Following his defeat, Seaton became a strong advocate for campaign finance reform in that state.
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German American
German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry and comprise about 50 million people, or 17% of the U.S. population, the country's largest self-reported ancestral group.California, Texas and Pennsylvania have the largest numbers of German origin, although upper Midwestern states, including Ohio, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, have the highest proportion of German Americans at over one-third.
None of the historical German states had overseas colonies, so not until the 1680s did the first significant groups of German immigrants arrive in the British colonies, settling primarily in New York and Pennsylvania. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with some eight million arrivals from Germany. They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Europe by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others simply for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where "Germania"—German-speaking districts—soon emerged.
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Gilbert Hitchcock
Gilbert Monell Hitchcock (September 18, 1859 – February 3, 1934) was a Representative and a Senator from Nebraska, and the founder of the Omaha World-Herald.
Hitchcock was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of U.S. Senator Phineas Warren Hitchcock of Nebraska. He attended the public schools of Omaha and the gymnasium at Baden-Baden, Germany. He graduated in 1881 from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity; he was then admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Omaha in 1882. He continued the practice of law until 1885, when he established and edited the Omaha Evening World; four years later, he purchased the Nebraska Morning Herald and consolidated the two into the morning and evening editions of the Omaha World-Herald.
In 1883 he married Jessie Crounse, the daughter of Nebraska Supreme Court justice and future governor Lorenzo Crounse.
His family had traditionally been Republicans, but Gilbert broke tradition and became a Democrat in response to agricultural issues and the leadership of fellow Nebraskan William Jennings Bryan.
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Hal Daub
Harold John "Hal" Daub, Jr. (born April 23, 1941, in Fort Bragg, Cumberland County, North Carolina) is a politician and lawyer affiliated with the Republican Party.
Daub served in the House of Representatives from 1981 to 1989, representing the 2nd congressional district of Nebraska, and from 1995 to 2001 was mayor of Omaha, Nebraska. Daub rejoined Blackwell Sanders Peper Martin LLP (now Husch Blackwell Sanders) in 2005, where he currently serves as partner.
Daub grew up in North Omaha, and graduated from Benson High School. He received his B.S. from Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri in 1963, and his J.D. from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln College of Law, Lincoln, Nebraska in 1966. He served in the United States Army as an infantry captain from 1966 to 1968. After serving four terms in the House of Representatives, he ran for the Senate in 1988, where he lost in the primary; and in 1990, where he was defeated by Democratic incumbent J. James Exon by a 59%-41% margin. In 2007, Daub briefly ran for the Senate seat being vacated by Senator Chuck Hagel; he exited the race to offer an early endorsement to former Nebraska governor and USDA secretary and current Nebraska Senator Mike Johanns.
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Hazel Abel
Hazel Hempel Abel (July 10, 1888 – July 30, 1966) was an American politician and member of the United States Senate. She was born in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, and attended the public schools of Omaha, Nebraska.
She graduated from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1908, and became a high school mathematics teacher and principal in Papillion, Nebraska, Ashland, Nebraska, and Crete, Nebraska. In 1954, she was elected to be the Vice Chairman of the State Republican Central Committee.
In 1954, she was elected to complete the unexpired term of Dwight Griswold, who had died in office. She became the first woman elected from Nebraska to serve in the Senate, as well as the first woman to follow another woman in a Senate seat, as Eva Bowring had previously been appointed to the seat to serve until an election was held. She served from November 8, 1954, until her own resignation on December 31, 1954. In 1957 she was named American Mother of the Year. She also served as the President and founder of the Nebraska Federation of Republican Women.
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Joe Biden
Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden, Jr. (pronunciation: /ˈdʒoʊsɨf rɒbɨˈnɛt ˈbaɪdən/; born November 20, 1942) is the 47th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President Barack Obama. A Democrat, he was a United States Senator from Delaware from January 3, 1973 until his resignation on January 15, 2009, following his election to the Vice Presidency.
Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania and lived there for ten years before moving to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969, and was elected to a county council in 1970. Biden was first elected to the Senate in 1972 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history. He was re-elected to the Senate six times, was the fourth most senior senator at the time of his resignation, and is the 15th-longest serving Senator in history. Biden was a long-time member and former chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. His strong advocacy helped bring about U.S. military assistance and intervention during the Bosnian War. He opposed the Gulf War in 1991. He voted in favor of the Iraq War Resolution in 2002, but later proposed resolutions to alter U.S. strategy there. He has also served as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, dealing with issues related to drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties, and led creation of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and Violence Against Women Act. He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious U.S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.
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Joe Sestak
Joseph Ambrose "Joe" Sestak, Jr. (born December 12, 1951) is a former American politician and Navy admiral. A Democrat, he served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for two terms, from Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district from 2007 to 2011. He was the highest-ranking military official ever elected to the U.S. Congress. Sestak defeated 30-year incumbent Arlen Specter in the 2010 Pennsylvania Democratic Senate primary. He was defeated in the general election by former U.S Representative Pat Toomey.
Sestak was a member of the United States Navy for over 30 years, before retiring as a Vice admiral (three stars). Late in his naval career, Sestak served as the Director for Defense on the National Security Council under President Bill Clinton. During his naval career, he held a series of operational commands, including commanding the USS George Washington carrier strike group during combat operations in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean in 2002. Following the September 11 attacks, he served as the first director of "Deep Blue" (code name), the Navy's top secret counter-terrorism unit.
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John Mellen Thurston
John Mellen Thurston (August 21, 1847 – August 9, 1916) was a United States Senator from Nebraska.
Thurston was born in Montpelier, Vermont. He moved with his parents to Madison, Wisconsin, in 1854 and two years later to Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. He attended the public schools and graduated from Wayland University in Beaver Dam, where he studied law. Thurston was admitted to the bar in 1869 and commenced practice in Omaha, Nebraska. He was a city councilman 1872-1874 and the city attorney of Omaha 1874-1877. Thurston then served in the Nebraska House of Representatives 1875-1877.
He was appointed assistant attorney of the Union Pacific Railroad in 1877 and general solicitor in 1888. He was a presidential elector on the Republican ticket in 1880. In 1893, Thurston was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for United States Senator; he was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate two years later and served from March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1901. During his term, Thurston served as the chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (Fifty-sixth Congress). He was not a candidate for reelection in 1901. He was appointed as the United States commissioner to the St. Louis Exposition in 1901. He moved to Washington, D.C., and resumed the practice of law; then in 1915, Thurston returned to Omaha and joined Edwin T. Morrison and Joseph Crow in the law firm of Thurston, Crow & Morrison. He practiced law in Omaha until his death on August 9, 1916. His remains were cremated at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Omaha and the ashes were interred in the Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
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John Milton Thayer
John Milton Thayer (January 24, 1820 – March 19, 1906) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a postbellum United States Senator from Nebraska, as well as governor of Wyoming Territory and governor of Nebraska.
John M. Thayer was born in Bellingham, Norfolk County, Massachusetts. He attended and then taught in rural schools, and later studied law at Brown University and established a practice in Worcester, Massachusetts. He served as a lieutenant in the local militia company before deciding to move with his family to the West.
Arriving in Nebraska in 1854, he quickly affiliated himself with the Republican Party and thereafter actively participated in politics, as well as owning a large farm near Omaha. He became the major general of the territory militia and gained a reputation as an Indian fighter in his encounters with the local Pawnee.
Thayer served as delegate to the Convention which organized the Republican Party in the Nebraska Territory and was elected to the Nebraska Territorial Legislature in 1860-61.
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Jon Bruning
Jon Bruning (born April 30, 1969) is the 31st Attorney General of the state of Nebraska and a candidate for the United States Senate. A Republican, he was a Member of the Nebraska State Legislature from 1996 until his resignation in 2002 following his election to the position of Attorney General.
Bruning was born and raised in Lincoln, Nebraska, a fifth generation Nebraskan, and graduated from Lincoln Southeast High School. After high school, Bruning went on to the University of Nebraska where he received a Bachelor's degree in 1990. After completing his undergraduate studies, Bruning attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln College of Law, where he received his Juris Doctor with distinction in 1994.
Bruning served as general counsel for Vital Learning Corporation from 1995 to 1997.
Bruning ran for the Senate's 3rd District of the Nebraska Legislature in 1996. He defeated incumbent Michael Avery 55%–44%. He was the youngest member of the legislature. In 1998, he sponsored a bill that would extend loans to college students in order to encourage them to stay in the state. He won re-election in 2000 unopposed. By 2002, Nebraska was the only state to only use the electric chair for death penalty. He sponsored legislation to legalize lethal injection.
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Joseph Millard
Joseph Hopkins Millard (April 20, 1836 – January 13, 1922) was a Senator from Nebraska.
Millard was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He moved to Iowa with his parents, who settled near Sabula, Iowa. He attended the district school and clerked in a store; Millard moved to Omaha, Nebraska, in 1856 and engaged in the land business. He moved to Montana in 1864; through the assistance of an Iowa capitalist, he opened a bank in Virginia City, Montana. Millard returned to Omaha in 1866 and became director, president, and cashier of the Omaha National Bank; he was one of the incorporators of the Omaha & Northwestern Railroad Company in 1869. He served as the mayor of Omaha in 1872; for fifteen years he was a director of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, six years of which he served in the capacity of a Government director.
Millard was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate, March 28, 1901, to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1901, caused by the failure of the Nebraska Legislature to act, and served from March 28, 1901, to March 4, 1907. During his term he served as chairman of the Committee on Inter-Oceanic Canals (Fifty-ninth Congress); he was not a candidate for reelection in 1906. Millard then resumed the banking business in Omaha. He died there on January 13, 1922, and was interred in Prospect Hill Cemetery.
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Karl Rove
Karl Christian Rove (born December 25, 1950) was Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff to former President George W. Bush until Rove's resignation on August 31, 2007. He has headed the Office of Political Affairs, the Office of Public Liaison, and the White House Office of Strategic Initiatives. Since leaving the White House, Rove has worked as a political analyst and contributor for Fox News, Newsweek and The Wall Street Journal.
Prior to his White House appointments, Rove was a Republican political consultant and strategist. He is credited with the 1994 and 1998 Texas gubernatorial victories of George W. Bush, as well as Bush's 2000 and 2004 successful presidential campaigns. In his 2004 victory speech Bush referred to Rove as "the Architect". Rove has also been credited for the successful campaigns of John Ashcroft (1994 U.S. Senate election), Bill Clements (1986 Texas gubernatorial election), Senator John Cornyn (2002 U.S. Senate election), Governor Rick Perry (1990 Texas Agriculture Commission election), and Phil Gramm (1982 U.S. House and 1984 U.S. Senate elections).
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Kit Bond
Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond (born March 6, 1939) is a former United States Senator from Missouri and a member of the Republican Party. First elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, he defeated Democrat Harriett Woods by a margin of 53%-47%. He was re-elected in 1992, 1998, and 2004. On January 8, 2009, he announced that he would not seek re-election to a fifth term in 2010, and was succeeded by current Senator Roy Blunt on January 3, 2011. Following his retirement from the Senate, Bond became a partner at Thompson Coburn.
Before his career in the U.S. Senate, Bond served two terms as Governor of Missouri, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1981 to 1985. He was previously State Auditor of Missouri from 1971 to 1973.
A sixth-generation Missourian, Bond was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to Elizabeth (née Green) and Arthur D. Bond. His father was captain of the 1924 Missouri Tigers football team and a Rhodes Scholar. His maternal grandfather, A.P. Green, founded A.P. Green Industries, a fireclay manufacturer and a major employer for many years in Bond's hometown Mexico, Missouri. Kit Bond graduated from Deerfield Academy in 1956, Princeton University in 1960, and the University of Virginia School of Law in 1963. From 1963 to 1964, Bond served as a law clerk to the Honorable Elbert Tuttle, then Chief Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1964 to 1967, Bond practiced law at Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C.
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Leon Panetta
Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) is the 23rd and current United States Secretary of Defense, serving in the administration of President Barack Obama since 2011. Prior to taking office, he served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. An Italian-American Democratic politician, lawyer, and professor, Panetta served as President Bill Clinton's White House Chief of Staff from 1994 to 1997, Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1993–1994, and was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1993. He is the founder of the Panetta Institute for Public Policy, served as Distinguished Scholar to Chancellor Charles B. Reed of the California State University System and professor of public policy at Santa Clara University.
In January 2009, President Obama nominated Panetta for the post of CIA Director. Panetta was confirmed by the full Senate in February 2009. As director of the CIA, Panetta oversaw the U.S. military operation that led to Osama bin Laden's death.
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Mike Johanns
Michael Owen "Mike" Johanns (born June 18, 1950) is an Republican American politician who has been the junior United States Senator from Nebraska since 2009. Previously he was the 38th Governor of Nebraska from 1999 to 2005 and was United States Secretary of Agriculture from 2005 to 2007, becoming the fourth Nebraskan to hold the position. On November 4, 2008, Johanns was elected to the United States Senate for the state of Nebraska, becoming one of only two new Republican senators (with Jim Risch of Idaho) heading into the 111th United States Congress. In 2002 Johanns served as a Chair of the Midwestern Governors Association. He is expected to become Nebraska's senior senator upon the conclusion of retiring Senator Ben Nelson's term in January of 2013.
Johanns was born in Osage, Iowa, the son of Adeline Lucy (née Royek) and John Robert Johanns. His father was of German ancestry, and his maternal grandparents immigrated from Poland. He grew up living and working on his family's farm. After graduating from high school, Johanns went on to study at Saint Mary's University of Minnesota in Winona. He earned a law degree from Creighton University. After his graduation, Johanns began practicing law in O'Neill and Lincoln, Nebraska.
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Monroe Hayward
Monroe Leland Hayward (December 22, 1840 – December 5, 1899) was a Senator from Nebraska.
Hayward was born in Willsboro, New York. He served during the Civil War in the Twenty-second Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and in the Fifth Regiment, New York Volunteer Cavalry. He graduated from Fort Edward Collegiate Institute, New York, in 1865. Hayward then studied law in Whitewater, Wisconsin; he was admitted to the bar in 1867 and commenced practice in Nebraska City, Nebraska. He was a member of the state constitutional convention in 1873. He became judge of the district court of Nebraska in 1886. Hayward was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate March 8, 1899, to fill the vacancy in the term beginning March 4, 1899. This delay was caused by the failure of the Nebraska Legislature to elect a Senator by the start of the term. He died before qualifying for the seat; he died in Nebraska City, Nebraska on December 5, 1899, and was interred in Wyuka Cemetery.
The Broadway producer Leland Hayward is his grandson, and the writer Brooke Hayward is his great-granddaughter.
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Norris Brown
Norris Brown (May 2, 1863 – January 5, 1960) was a Senator from Nebraska.
Brown was born in Maquoketa, Iowa. The son of William Henry Harrison and Eliza Ann Phelps Brown, he attended Jefferson Iowa Academy and graduated with a law degree from the University of Iowa College of Law in Iowa City, Iowa, in 1883. He was admitted to the bar in 1884 and commenced his law practice in Perry, Iowa. He moved to Kearney, Nebraska, in 1888 and continued the practice of law. Brown was the prosecuting attorney of Buffalo County from 1892 to 1896, the deputy attorney general of Nebraska from 1900 to 1905, and the attorney general of Nebraska from 1905 to 1907. He distinguished himself in this post by winning a tax suit of over a million dollars against the railroads. The money was used to open schools in Nebraska.
Brown was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1907, to March 4, 1913. During his term he served as the chairman of the Committee on Patents (Sixty-first and Sixty-second Congresses). He proposed permitting an income tax, later incorporated into the 16th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1912. He then resumed the practice of law in Omaha where he became senior partner in the firm of Brown, Crossman, West, Barton, and Quinlan. He served as attorney for the Omaha Stockyards for 30 years.
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Phineas Hitchcock
Phineas Warren Hitchcock (November 30, 1831 – July 10, 1881) was a Delegate and a Senator from Nebraska. Hitchcock County, Nebraska, is named after him.
He was born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, the son of Gad Hitchcock and Nancy Prime.
When he turned 16, he began two years preparatory course study at the Great Barrington Academy in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He entered Williams College in Williamstown, Berkshire County, Massachusetts graduating in 1855. His classmates at Williams included, James A. Garfield, James Gilfillan and John James Ingalls. After he graduated, and after several years of combined law study and journalistic work in New York State, he moved to the Territory of Nebraska in the spring of 1857, locating at Omaha, then a small settlement. He at once opened a law office, combining with the practice of his profession an agency for several insurance companies and a general real estate business.
He married on December 27, 1858 at Omaha, Nebraska, Annie M. Monell, the daughter of Lucinda Carpenter and Dr. Gilbert C. Monell, an 1839 graduate of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and a member of the Old Settlers' Association. She was born in 1837 in Newburgh (town), New York, Orange County, New York and died in 1877 in Omaha, Nebraska. She is buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery.
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Polish American
A Polish American (Polish: Amerykanin polskiego pochodzenia), is a citizen of the United States of Polish descent. There are an estimated 10 million Polish Americans, representing about 3.2% of the population of the United States. No distinction is made in the American census between ethnically Polish Americans and descendants of non-ethnic Poles, such as Jews or Ukrainians, who were born in the territory of Poland and considered themselves Polish nationals. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, only a certain portion are of Polish ethnic descent. On the other hand, many ethnic Poles when entering the US from 1795–1917, when Poland did not exist, did not identify themselves as ethnic Poles and instead identified themselves as either German, Austrian or Russian (this pertained to the nations occupying Poland from 1795–1917). Therefore, the actual amount of Americans of at least partial Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. Polish Americans are the largest European ethnic group in the United States of Slavic origin.
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Robert Gates
Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is the 24th Chancellor of the College of William and Mary and a retired civil servant and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011. Prior to this, Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council, and under President George H. W. Bush as Director of Central Intelligence. Gates was also an officer in the United States Air Force and during the early part of his military career, he was recruited by the CIA. After leaving the CIA, Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards. Gates also served as a member of the Iraq Study Group, the bipartisan commission co-chaired by James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton, that has studied the Iraq War. He was also the first pick to serve as the first Director of National Intelligence (DNI), but he declined the appointment in order to remain President of Texas A&M University.
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Robert Novak
Robert David Sanders "Bob" Novak (February 26, 1931 – August 18, 2009) was an American syndicated columnist, journalist, television personality, author, and conservative political commentator. After working for two newspapers before serving for the U.S. Army in the Korean War, he became a reporter for the Associated Press and then for The Wall Street Journal. He teamed up with Rowland Evans in 1963 to start Inside Report, which became the longest running syndicated political column in U.S. history and ran in hundreds of papers. They also started the Evans-Novak Political Report, a notable biweekly newsletter, in 1967.
Novak and Evans played a significant role for CNN after the network's founding. He worked as a well-known television personality in programs such as The Capital Gang, Crossfire, and Evans, Novak, Hunt, & Shields. He also wrote for numerous other publications such as Reader's Digest. On August 4, 2008, Novak announced that he had been diagnosed with a brain tumor, that his prognosis was "dire", and that he was retiring. He succumbed to the disease on August 18, 2009 after having returned home to spend his last days with his family.
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Roman Hruska
Roman Lee Hruska (August 16, 1904 – April 25, 1999) was a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Nebraska. Hruska was known as one of the most vocal conservatives in the United States Senate during the 1960s and 1970s.
Hruska was also co-founder of the Douglas Theatre Company, based in Nebraska.
Hruska was born in David City, Nebraska. His ancestors were Czech immigrants, and he was proud of his Czech heritage. He was a life long member of Sokol Omaha, American Sokol Organization, celebrating his Czech heritage.
Hruska's family moved to Omaha when he completed junior high school. He graduated from Tech High in North Omaha. He attended the University of Omaha and the University of Chicago and graduated from the Creighton University law school. He settled in Omaha, Nebraska and became a lawyer. He soon entered politics, becoming a member of the Douglas County, Nebraska board of commissioners. He served as a regular member from 1944 to 1945 and as chairman from 1945 to 1952. He was vice-president of the National Association of County Officials from 1951 to 1952, and served for a time as a member of the Nebraska Board of control and the board of regents of the University of Omaha.
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( /ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən/; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989. Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975 and a radio, film and television actor.
Born in Tampico, Illinois and raised in Dixon, Reagan was educated at Eureka College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology. After his graduation, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then in to Los Angeles in 1937 where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television. Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American, Kings Row, and Bedtime for Bonzo. Reagan served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE. Originally a member of the Democratic Party, his positions began shifting rightward in the late 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962. After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 as well as 1976, but won both the nomination and general election in 1980, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter.
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Ted Kennedy
Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic Party. Serving almost 47 years, he was the second most senior member of the Senate when he died and is the fourth-longest-serving senator in United States history. For many years the most prominent living member of the Kennedy family, he was the last surviving son of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.; the youngest brother of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy, both victims of assassination, and Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., killed in action in World War II; and the father of Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy.
Kennedy entered the Senate in a November 1962 special election to fill the seat once held by his brother John. He was elected to a full six-year term in 1964 and was reelected seven more times before his death. The controversial Chappaquiddick incident on July 18, 1969, resulted in the death of his automobile passenger Mary Jo Kopechne; Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident, and the incident significantly damaged his chances of ever becoming President of the United States. His one attempt, in the 1980 presidential election, resulted in a Democratic primary campaign loss to incumbent President Jimmy Carter.
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Thomas Tipton
Thomas Weston Tipton (August 5, 1817 – November 26, 1899) was a Senator from Nebraska.
He was born in Cadiz, Ohio, and attended Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. He pursued classical studies and graduated from Madison College, Pennsylvania, in 1840. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1845. He was appointed to a position in the United States Land Office from 1849 to 1852; he then resumed the practice of law in McConnelsville, Ohio, in 1853. He was ordained a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1856. Around 1859, he moved to Brownville, Nebraska and joined the Congregational Church. He was member of the 1859 Nebraska constitutional convention and the Nebraska Territory council in 1860.
During the American Civil War, Tipton was appointed chaplain of the First Regiment, Nebraska Volunteer Infantry 1861–1865. He was the assessor of internal revenue for Nebraska in 1865, and a member of the State constitutional convention in 1867. Upon the admission of Nebraska as a State into the Union, he was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1867. Tipton was reelected in 1869 and served from March 1, 1867, to March 3, 1875. After that, he resumed the practice of law, and was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Nebraska in 1880. He died in Washington, D.C., November 26, 1899, and was interred in Rock Creek Cemetery.
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Wikipedia Persondata
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Chuck Hagel confirmation hearing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 378:39
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_confirmation_hearing
Hagel Can't Explain Past Comments About Israel Lobby
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Chuck Hagel before the Senate Armed Services Committee can't answer questions about his past comments on the "Israel Lobby" (January 31, 2013).
http://wn.com/Hagel_Can't_Explain_Past_Comments_About_Israel_Lobby
Chuck Hagel before the Senate Armed Services Committee can't answer questions about his past comments on the "Israel Lobby" (January 31, 2013).
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 16191
- author: goprapidresponse
Sen. Ted Cruz Questioning Chuck Hagel in Confirmation Hearing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:11
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/Sen_Ted_Cruz_Questioning_Chuck_Hagel_in_Confirmation_Hearing
"ISRAEL! ISRAEL! ISRAEL!" Chuck Hagel Secretary Of Defense Confirmation Hearing pt.3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 147:31
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
January 31, 2013 C-SPAN MOXNews.com
http://wn.com/ISRAEL!_ISRAEL!_ISRAEL!_Chuck_Hagel_Secretary_Of_Defense_Confirmation_Hearing_pt3
John McCain Vs Chuck Hagel. 'Yes Or No' On Iraq Troop Surge. HEATED EXCHANGE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
chuck hagel vs john mccain. iraq surge hagel mccain. mccain yes or no to hagel.chuck hagel john mccain heated exchange. Sen McCain Gets Heated With Hagel Over Iraq Troop Surge, Demands 'Yes Or No' On Whether He Was Wrong
http://wn.com/John_McCain_Vs_Chuck_Hagel_'Yes_Or_No'_On_Iraq_Troop_Surge_HEATED_EXCHANGE
chuck hagel vs john mccain. iraq surge hagel mccain. mccain yes or no to hagel.chuck hagel john mccain heated exchange. Sen McCain Gets Heated With Hagel Over Iraq Troop Surge, Demands 'Yes Or No' On Whether He Was Wrong
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 8657
- author: Les Grossman
"ISRAEL! ISRAEL! ISRAEL!" Chuck Hagel Secretary Of Defense Confirmation Hearing pt.1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 177:57
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
January 31, 2013 C-SPAN MOXNews.com
http://wn.com/ISRAEL!_ISRAEL!_ISRAEL!_Chuck_Hagel_Secretary_Of_Defense_Confirmation_Hearing_pt1
Chuck Hagel Spars With John McCain Over Iraq 'Surge' at Hearing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
Chuck Hagel, President Obama's nominee for secretary of defense, had some sharp exchanges with Senator John McCain over the Iraq conflict. Related article: nyti.ms Please visit nyti.ms in order to embed this video Watch more videos at nytimes.com Follow on Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Spars_With_John_McCain_Over_Iraq_'Surge'_at_Hearing
Chuck Hagel, President Obama's nominee for secretary of defense, had some sharp exchanges with Senator John McCain over the Iraq conflict. Related article: nyti.ms Please visit nyti.ms in order to embed this video Watch more videos at nytimes.com Follow on Twitter: twitter.com
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 5874
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Joe Lieberman gets ripped apart by Chuck Hagel on MTP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
A Republican does something that the Democrats refuse to do...put Holy Joe Lieberman in his place. Read more about Geogr Bush's favorite senator at ConnecticutBLOG. connecticutblog.blogspot.com Don't look at me, I voted for Ned Lamont!
http://wn.com/Joe_Lieberman_gets_ripped_apart_by_Chuck_Hagel_on_MTP
A Republican does something that the Democrats refuse to do...put Holy Joe Lieberman in his place. Read more about Geogr Bush's favorite senator at ConnecticutBLOG. connecticutblog.blogspot.com Don't look at me, I voted for Ned Lamont!
- published: 14 Jan 2007
- views: 167260
- author: ctblogger
President Obama Press Conference: Chuck Hagel and John Brennan Nominated
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:38
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for secretary of defense and John O. Brennan for director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Related article: nyti.ms Please visit nyti.ms in order to embed this video Watch more videos at nytimes.com Follow on Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/President_Obama_Press_Conference_Chuck_Hagel_and_John_Brennan_Nominated
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for secretary of defense and John O. Brennan for director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Related article: nyti.ms Please visit nyti.ms in order to embed this video Watch more videos at nytimes.com Follow on Twitter: twitter.com
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 4549
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Chuck Hagel And John McCain Clash Over Surge In Iraq
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
1/31/13
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_And_John_McCain_Clash_Over_Surge_In_Iraq
Why Some Republicans are Hating on Chuck Hagel - A Potential Defense Sec. Nominee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:49
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
The Ronald Reagan Myth: What We are Getting Wrong About The Gipper: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/Why_Some_Republicans_are_Hating_on_Chuck_Hagel_A_Potential_Defense_Sec_Nominee
The Ronald Reagan Myth: What We are Getting Wrong About The Gipper: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 2644
- author: politicalarticles
Jewish Lobby Crushes Chuck Hagel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:48
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
www.realjewnews.com brothernathanaelfoundation.org brovids.com
http://wn.com/Jewish_Lobby_Crushes_Chuck_Hagel
www.realjewnews.com brothernathanaelfoundation.org brovids.com
- published: 04 Feb 2013
- views: 12630
- author: Brother Nathanael
Chuck Hagel: "I'm a United States Senator, not an Israeli Senator"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Secretary of Defense candidate Chuck Hagel claims the Israel lobby "intimidates" members of Congress. Under pressure from a constituent to attack Iran, Hagel sets the record straight about upholding the constitution and serving America, rather than Israel. Excerpt from the IRmep video, "Breaking Justice: The Israel Lobby in America" - 2009
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_I'm_a_United_States_Senator,_not_an_Israeli_Senator
Secretary of Defense candidate Chuck Hagel claims the Israel lobby "intimidates" members of Congress. Under pressure from a constituent to attack Iran, Hagel sets the record straight about upholding the constitution and serving America, rather than Israel. Excerpt from the IRmep video, "Breaking Justice: The Israel Lobby in America" - 2009
- published: 17 Dec 2012
- views: 19072
- author: IRmep
Chuck Hagel's controversial nomination
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Updated: 04 Feb 2013
Jane Harman, Dir. of the Woodrow Wilson Center, and Ari Fleischer, CNN contributor, share opposing views on Chuck Hagel. For more CNN videos, check out www.youtube.com or visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel's_controversial_nomination
Jane Harman, Dir. of the Woodrow Wilson Center, and Ari Fleischer, CNN contributor, share opposing views on Chuck Hagel. For more CNN videos, check out www.youtube.com or visit our site at www.cnn.com
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 1607
- author: CNN
Chuck Hagel Faces Tough Confirmation from Senate Hawks for Rejecting Party Line on Israel, Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:45
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
DemocracyNow.org - President Obama is expected to unveil the nomination today of former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel of Nebraska as the next Secretary of Defense, replacing Leon Panetta. A Vietnam War veteran and three-term member of the Senate, Hagel has faced criticism from right-wing foes over his positions on Israel and dealing with Iran, as well as from progressive critics for making denigrating comments in 1998 about gays in government, for which he only recently apologized. Hagel may face an uphill nomination battle due to opposition from fellow Republicans and hawkish Democrats unnerved by his stances on Israel, Iran and military spending. We're joined Ali Gharib, Senior Editor for Open Zion, a Middle East blog on the website, The Daily Beast. To watch the entire weekday independent news hour, read the transcript, download the podcast, search our vast archive, or to find more information about Democracy Now! and Amy Goodman, visit www.democracynow.org. Democracy Now!, an independent global news hour that airs weekdays on 1100+ TV and radio stations Monday through Friday. FOLLOW DEMOCRACY NOW! ONLINE Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: @democracynow Subscribe on YouTube: www.youtube.com Listen on SoundCloud: www.soundcloud.com Daily Email News Digest: www.democracynow.org Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Faces_Tough_Confirmation_from_Senate_Hawks_for_Rejecting_Party_Line_on_Israel,_Iran
DemocracyNow.org - President Obama is expected to unveil the nomination today of former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel of Nebraska as the next Secretary of Defense, replacing Leon Panetta. A Vietnam War veteran and three-term member of the Senate, Hagel has faced criticism from right-wing foes over his positions on Israel and dealing with Iran, as well as from progressive critics for making denigrating comments in 1998 about gays in government, for which he only recently apologized. Hagel may face an uphill nomination battle due to opposition from fellow Republicans and hawkish Democrats unnerved by his stances on Israel, Iran and military spending. We're joined Ali Gharib, Senior Editor for Open Zion, a Middle East blog on the website, The Daily Beast. To watch the entire weekday independent news hour, read the transcript, download the podcast, search our vast archive, or to find more information about Democracy Now! and Amy Goodman, visit www.democracynow.org. Democracy Now!, an independent global news hour that airs weekdays on 1100+ TV and radio stations Monday through Friday. FOLLOW DEMOCRACY NOW! ONLINE Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: @democracynow Subscribe on YouTube: www.youtube.com Listen on SoundCloud: www.soundcloud.com Daily Email News Digest: www.democracynow.org Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 2012
- author: democracynow
General Colin Powell Weighs in on Chuck Hagel, Afghanistan & The Future of The GOP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:51
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Confessions of a GOP Operative Who Left "THE CULT": 3 Things Everyone Must Know About the Lunatic-Filled Republican Party: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/General_Colin_Powell_Weighs_in_on_Chuck_Hagel,_Afghanistan_The_Future_of_The_GOP
Confessions of a GOP Operative Who Left "THE CULT": 3 Things Everyone Must Know About the Lunatic-Filled Republican Party: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 14 Jan 2013
- views: 670
- author: politicalarticles
The Worst 80 Seconds of Chuck Hagel's Hearing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/The_Worst_80_Seconds_of_Chuck_Hagel's_Hearing
Chuck Hagel Defends Record at Confirmation Hearing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:37
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Former Nebraska Sen. Chuck Hagel, nominee for secretary of defense, faced pointed questioning at his confirmation hearing. Fellow Republicans, including Sen. John McCain, interrogated Hagel on his past opposition to the surge of US troops into Iraq. Judy Woodruff reports on the contentious exchanges in Congress.
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Defends_Record_at_Confirmation_Hearing
Former Nebraska Sen. Chuck Hagel, nominee for secretary of defense, faced pointed questioning at his confirmation hearing. Fellow Republicans, including Sen. John McCain, interrogated Hagel on his past opposition to the surge of US troops into Iraq. Judy Woodruff reports on the contentious exchanges in Congress.
- published: 01 Feb 2013
- views: 1394
- author: PBSNewsHour
McCain Pushes Hagel: 'You Were on the Wrong Side of History'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:43
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
Senate Confirmation Hearing: President Obama defense nominee Chuck Hagel faces questions about his position on Iraq.
http://wn.com/McCain_Pushes_Hagel_'You_Were_on_the_Wrong_Side_of_History'
Senate Confirmation Hearing: President Obama defense nominee Chuck Hagel faces questions about his position on Iraq.
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 9632
- author: ABCNews
Obama Nomination of Chuck Hagel Marks The End of Neo-CON Foreign Policy Dominance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:22
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/Obama_Nomination_of_Chuck_Hagel_Marks_The_End_of_Neo-CON_Foreign_Policy_Dominance
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 544
- author: politicalarticles
Chuck Hagel Confirmation Hearing - Israel - Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:44
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Republican lawmakers clashed with Chuck Hagel on Thursday (January 31) at a hearing over his nomination to become the next US defense secretary, attacking his judgment on war strategy and occasionally putting him on the defensive during a heated session. Critics in Congress have sought to portray Hagel, a former Republican senator and decorated Vietnam War veteran, as soft on Iran and anti-Israel, charges Hagel strongly denied in testimony at the Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. Republican panel members laid into Hagel, with influential Senator John McCain threatening to vote against him as he questioned Hagel's judgment on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, where Hagel opposed surges of American forces. Even before Hagel started speaking, James Inhofe, the panel's senior Republican, called him "the wrong person to lead the Pentagon at this perilous and consequential time." "Senator Hagel's record is deeply troubling and out of the mainstream. Too often it seems he is willing to subscribe to a worldwide view that is predicated on appeasing our adversaries while shunning our friends," said Inhofe. The committee also dwelt on chapters of modern US history that still prompt passionate debate: from the Vietnam War, where Hagel served as an infantryman and was wounded, to President Ronald Reagan's call for nuclear disarmament and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Hagel, speaking publicly for the first time since the attacks against his nomination began, at times seemed ...
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Confirmation_Hearing_Israel_Iran
Republican lawmakers clashed with Chuck Hagel on Thursday (January 31) at a hearing over his nomination to become the next US defense secretary, attacking his judgment on war strategy and occasionally putting him on the defensive during a heated session. Critics in Congress have sought to portray Hagel, a former Republican senator and decorated Vietnam War veteran, as soft on Iran and anti-Israel, charges Hagel strongly denied in testimony at the Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. Republican panel members laid into Hagel, with influential Senator John McCain threatening to vote against him as he questioned Hagel's judgment on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, where Hagel opposed surges of American forces. Even before Hagel started speaking, James Inhofe, the panel's senior Republican, called him "the wrong person to lead the Pentagon at this perilous and consequential time." "Senator Hagel's record is deeply troubling and out of the mainstream. Too often it seems he is willing to subscribe to a worldwide view that is predicated on appeasing our adversaries while shunning our friends," said Inhofe. The committee also dwelt on chapters of modern US history that still prompt passionate debate: from the Vietnam War, where Hagel served as an infantryman and was wounded, to President Ronald Reagan's call for nuclear disarmament and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Hagel, speaking publicly for the first time since the attacks against his nomination began, at times seemed ...
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 1890
- author: MinWashingtonNews
'Courageous Chuck Hagel in wrong job as Defense Secretary'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:27
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Though Washington tries to engineer Middle Eastern politics by influencing economies, Iran has never given in to such pressure, Middle East experts Hillary and Flynt Leverett told RT. Iran's concerns deserve fair consideration, they argue - READ FULL SCRIPT on.rt.com RT LIVE rt.com Subscribe to RT! www.youtube.com Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com Follow us on Google+ plus.google.com RT (Russia Today) is a global news network broadcasting from Moscow and Washington studios. RT is the first news channel to break the 500 million YouTube views benchmark.
http://wn.com/'Courageous_Chuck_Hagel_in_wrong_job_as_Defense_Secretary'
Though Washington tries to engineer Middle Eastern politics by influencing economies, Iran has never given in to such pressure, Middle East experts Hillary and Flynt Leverett told RT. Iran's concerns deserve fair consideration, they argue - READ FULL SCRIPT on.rt.com RT LIVE rt.com Subscribe to RT! www.youtube.com Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com Follow us on Google+ plus.google.com RT (Russia Today) is a global news network broadcasting from Moscow and Washington studios. RT is the first news channel to break the 500 million YouTube views benchmark.
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 5525
- author: RussiaToday
Graham Questions Hagel at Senate Confirmation Hearing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:10
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
Senator Lindsey Graham pressed former Senator Chuck Hagel during his confirmation hearing in the Senate Armed Services Hearing for Secretary of Defense. This was the first round of questioning.
http://wn.com/Graham_Questions_Hagel_at_Senate_Confirmation_Hearing
Senator Lindsey Graham pressed former Senator Chuck Hagel during his confirmation hearing in the Senate Armed Services Hearing for Secretary of Defense. This was the first round of questioning.
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 17374
- author: USSenLindseyGraham
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Joe Lieberman gets ripped apart by Chuck Hagel on MTP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
A Republican does something that the Democrats refuse to do...put Holy Joe Lieberman in his place. Read more about Geogr Bush's favorite senator at ConnecticutBLOG. connecticutblog.blogspot.com Don't look at me, I voted for Ned Lamont!
http://wn.com/Joe_Lieberman_gets_ripped_apart_by_Chuck_Hagel_on_MTP
A Republican does something that the Democrats refuse to do...put Holy Joe Lieberman in his place. Read more about Geogr Bush's favorite senator at ConnecticutBLOG. connecticutblog.blogspot.com Don't look at me, I voted for Ned Lamont!
- published: 14 Jan 2007
- views: 162198
- author: ctblogger
Say "No" to Chuck Hagel for Secretary of Defense
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
Many Jewish and elected officials are expressing real concern about the nomination of Chuck Hagel to be Secretary of Defense. His views on Israel and Iran are far outside the mainstream and his comment about the "Jewish lobby" borders on anti-Semitism. We can do better than Chuck Hagel. Call 202-224-3121 and tell your Senators to vote "no" on Chuck Hagel.
http://wn.com/Say_No_to_Chuck_Hagel_for_Secretary_of_Defense
Many Jewish and elected officials are expressing real concern about the nomination of Chuck Hagel to be Secretary of Defense. His views on Israel and Iran are far outside the mainstream and his comment about the "Jewish lobby" borders on anti-Semitism. We can do better than Chuck Hagel. Call 202-224-3121 and tell your Senators to vote "no" on Chuck Hagel.
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 1233
- author: RJCHQ
Anti-Israel Chuck Hagel Nominated for Secretary of Defense - Sekulow Ep. 277
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:32
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
Chuck Hagel has been nominated by President Obama for Secretary of Defense. An appointment of Chuck Hagel would be a slap in the face to our closest ally in the middle east, Israel. Sign the petition to stop this anti-Israel nomination: aclj.org
http://wn.com/Anti-Israel_Chuck_Hagel_Nominated_for_Secretary_of_Defense_Sekulow_Ep_277
Chuck Hagel has been nominated by President Obama for Secretary of Defense. An appointment of Chuck Hagel would be a slap in the face to our closest ally in the middle east, Israel. Sign the petition to stop this anti-Israel nomination: aclj.org
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 332
- author: OfficialACLJ
Countdown: Interview with Chuck Hagel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:23
- Updated: 22 Jan 2013
Keith talks to Senator Chuck Hagel about the quagmire we're stuck in with this Iraq occupation.
http://wn.com/Countdown_Interview_with_Chuck_Hagel
Keith talks to Senator Chuck Hagel about the quagmire we're stuck in with this Iraq occupation.
- published: 01 Apr 2008
- views: 1930
- author: videocafeblog
President Obama Press Conference: Chuck Hagel and John Brennan Nominated
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:38
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for secretary of defense and John O. Brennan for director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Related article: nyti.ms Please visit nyti.ms in order to embed this video Watch more videos at nytimes.com Follow on Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/President_Obama_Press_Conference_Chuck_Hagel_and_John_Brennan_Nominated
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for secretary of defense and John O. Brennan for director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Related article: nyti.ms Please visit nyti.ms in order to embed this video Watch more videos at nytimes.com Follow on Twitter: twitter.com
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 4869
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Why Some Republicans are Hating on Chuck Hagel - A Potential Defense Sec. Nominee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:49
- Updated: 27 Jan 2013
The Ronald Reagan Myth: What We are Getting Wrong About The Gipper: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/Why_Some_Republicans_are_Hating_on_Chuck_Hagel_A_Potential_Defense_Sec_Nominee
The Ronald Reagan Myth: What We are Getting Wrong About The Gipper: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 2178
- author: politicalarticles
Chuck Hagel's controversial nomination
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
Jane Harman, Dir. of the Woodrow Wilson Center, and Ari Fleischer, CNN contributor, share opposing views on Chuck Hagel. For more CNN videos, check out www.youtube.com or visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel's_controversial_nomination
Jane Harman, Dir. of the Woodrow Wilson Center, and Ari Fleischer, CNN contributor, share opposing views on Chuck Hagel. For more CNN videos, check out www.youtube.com or visit our site at www.cnn.com
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 1201
- author: CNN
General Colin Powell Weighs in on Chuck Hagel, Afghanistan & The Future of The GOP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:51
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
Confessions of a GOP Operative Who Left "THE CULT": 3 Things Everyone Must Know About the Lunatic-Filled Republican Party: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/General_Colin_Powell_Weighs_in_on_Chuck_Hagel,_Afghanistan_The_Future_of_The_GOP
Confessions of a GOP Operative Who Left "THE CULT": 3 Things Everyone Must Know About the Lunatic-Filled Republican Party: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 14 Jan 2013
- views: 291
- author: politicalarticles
Chuck Hagel comments on Iraq resolution: 01.24.07
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:21
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
The last honest Republican does the right thing
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_comments_on_Iraq_resolution_012407
The last honest Republican does the right thing
- published: 24 Jan 2007
- views: 31145
- author: ctblogger
"Chuck Hagel Is His Own Man! He Wears No Man's Collar!" Max Cleland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:39
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
January 08, 2013 CBS News MOXNews.com
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Is_His_Own_Man!_He_Wears_No_Man's_Collar!_Max_Cleland
Chuck Hagel Faces Tough Confirmation from Senate Hawks for Rejecting Party Line on Israel, Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:45
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
DemocracyNow.org - President Obama is expected to unveil the nomination today of former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel of Nebraska as the next Secretary of Defense, replacing Leon Panetta. A Vietnam War veteran and three-term member of the Senate, Hagel has faced criticism from right-wing foes over his positions on Israel and dealing with Iran, as well as from progressive critics for making denigrating comments in 1998 about gays in government, for which he only recently apologized. Hagel may face an uphill nomination battle due to opposition from fellow Republicans and hawkish Democrats unnerved by his stances on Israel, Iran and military spending. We're joined Ali Gharib, Senior Editor for Open Zion, a Middle East blog on the website, The Daily Beast. To watch the entire weekday independent news hour, read the transcript, download the podcast, search our vast archive, or to find more information about Democracy Now! and Amy Goodman, visit www.democracynow.org. Democracy Now!, an independent global news hour that airs weekdays on 1100+ TV and radio stations Monday through Friday. FOLLOW DEMOCRACY NOW! ONLINE Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: @democracynow Subscribe on YouTube: www.youtube.com Listen on SoundCloud: www.soundcloud.com Daily Email News Digest: www.democracynow.org Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Faces_Tough_Confirmation_from_Senate_Hawks_for_Rejecting_Party_Line_on_Israel,_Iran
DemocracyNow.org - President Obama is expected to unveil the nomination today of former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel of Nebraska as the next Secretary of Defense, replacing Leon Panetta. A Vietnam War veteran and three-term member of the Senate, Hagel has faced criticism from right-wing foes over his positions on Israel and dealing with Iran, as well as from progressive critics for making denigrating comments in 1998 about gays in government, for which he only recently apologized. Hagel may face an uphill nomination battle due to opposition from fellow Republicans and hawkish Democrats unnerved by his stances on Israel, Iran and military spending. We're joined Ali Gharib, Senior Editor for Open Zion, a Middle East blog on the website, The Daily Beast. To watch the entire weekday independent news hour, read the transcript, download the podcast, search our vast archive, or to find more information about Democracy Now! and Amy Goodman, visit www.democracynow.org. Democracy Now!, an independent global news hour that airs weekdays on 1100+ TV and radio stations Monday through Friday. FOLLOW DEMOCRACY NOW! ONLINE Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: @democracynow Subscribe on YouTube: www.youtube.com Listen on SoundCloud: www.soundcloud.com Daily Email News Digest: www.democracynow.org Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 1604
- author: democracynow
Chuck Hagel: "I'm a United States Senator, not an Israeli Senator"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
Secretary of Defense candidate Chuck Hagel claims the Israel lobby "intimidates" members of Congress. Under pressure from a constituent to attack Iran, Hagel sets the record straight about upholding the constitution and serving America, rather than Israel. Excerpt from the IRmep video, "Breaking Justice: The Israel Lobby in America" - 2009
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_I'm_a_United_States_Senator,_not_an_Israeli_Senator
Secretary of Defense candidate Chuck Hagel claims the Israel lobby "intimidates" members of Congress. Under pressure from a constituent to attack Iran, Hagel sets the record straight about upholding the constitution and serving America, rather than Israel. Excerpt from the IRmep video, "Breaking Justice: The Israel Lobby in America" - 2009
- published: 17 Dec 2012
- views: 15603
- author: IRmep
Chuck Hagel: CFR with Chuck Hagel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:20
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Chuck Hagel interview www.ukuna.com
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_CFR_with_Chuck_Hagel
Chuck Hagel Controversy Over Secretary of Defense Nomination
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:48
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
--President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel to be Defense Secretary, and we discuss the various reasons liberals and conservatives have to like and dislike him, and the unspoken reason that may be under the radar. --On the Bonus Show: Oldest fossils ever found, Allstate pulls ad featuring Sandy victim, Indian millionaire buys gold shirt, more... How do you get the Bonus Show? Become a member: www.davidpakman.com If you liked this clip of The David Pakman Show, please do us a big favor and share it with your friends... and hit that "like" button! www.davidpakman.com Become a Member www.davidpakman.com Like Us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow Us on Twitter: www.twitter.com Get TDPS Gear: www.davidpakman.com 24/7 Voicemail Line: (219)-2DAVIDP Subscribe to The David Pakman Show for more: www.youtube.com Broadcast on January 8, 2013
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Controversy_Over_Secretary_of_Defense_Nomination
--President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel to be Defense Secretary, and we discuss the various reasons liberals and conservatives have to like and dislike him, and the unspoken reason that may be under the radar. --On the Bonus Show: Oldest fossils ever found, Allstate pulls ad featuring Sandy victim, Indian millionaire buys gold shirt, more... How do you get the Bonus Show? Become a member: www.davidpakman.com If you liked this clip of The David Pakman Show, please do us a big favor and share it with your friends... and hit that "like" button! www.davidpakman.com Become a Member www.davidpakman.com Like Us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow Us on Twitter: www.twitter.com Get TDPS Gear: www.davidpakman.com 24/7 Voicemail Line: (219)-2DAVIDP Subscribe to The David Pakman Show for more: www.youtube.com Broadcast on January 8, 2013
- published: 09 Jan 2013
- views: 1842
- author: MidweekPolitics
Obama Nomination of Chuck Hagel Marks The End of Neo-CON Foreign Policy Dominance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:22
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/Obama_Nomination_of_Chuck_Hagel_Marks_The_End_of_Neo-CON_Foreign_Policy_Dominance
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 337
- author: politicalarticles
Chuck Hagel Set To Trim Insane $700 Billion Defense Budget if Confirmed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:55
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel_Set_To_Trim_Insane_700_Billion_Defense_Budget_if_Confirmed
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 230
- author: politicalarticles
Why Can't Americans Have An Honest Conversation About Israel?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:33
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
December 22, 2012 MSNBC News MOXNews.com
http://wn.com/Why_Can't_Americans_Have_An_Honest_Conversation_About_Israel?
Who is Chuck Hagel?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Chuck Hagel, nominated by President Barack Obama as the potential new US Secretary of Defence, is a former Republican senator. He is a Vietnam veteran known for speaking his mind and voicing his criticism of the US-led war in Iraq. Al Jazeera's Rosiland Jordan reports.
http://wn.com/Who_is_Chuck_Hagel?
Chuck Hagel, nominated by President Barack Obama as the potential new US Secretary of Defence, is a former Republican senator. He is a Vietnam veteran known for speaking his mind and voicing his criticism of the US-led war in Iraq. Al Jazeera's Rosiland Jordan reports.
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 3420
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
President Obama Makes a Personnel Annoucement
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:31
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel as the next Secretary of Defense and John Brennan as the next Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. January 7, 2013.
http://wn.com/President_Obama_Makes_a_Personnel_Annoucement
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel as the next Secretary of Defense and John Brennan as the next Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. January 7, 2013.
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 28325
- author: whitehouse
HBO History Makers with Chuck Hagel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:27
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
ORIGINALLY RECORDED June 14, 2011 Senator Chuck Hagel discusses his experiences in the army and the US Senate, and gives his opinion about the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This meeting is part of the HBO History Makers series. SPEAKER: Chuck Hagel, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University; Former Member, US Senate (R-NE) PRESIDER: Jacob Weisberg, Chairman and Editor in Chief, Slate Group www.cfr.org
http://wn.com/HBO_History_Makers_with_Chuck_Hagel
ORIGINALLY RECORDED June 14, 2011 Senator Chuck Hagel discusses his experiences in the army and the US Senate, and gives his opinion about the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This meeting is part of the HBO History Makers series. SPEAKER: Chuck Hagel, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University; Former Member, US Senate (R-NE) PRESIDER: Jacob Weisberg, Chairman and Editor in Chief, Slate Group www.cfr.org
- published: 27 Jun 2011
- views: 3450
- author: cfr
Possible Sec. Of Defense Nominee Chuck Hagel Under Fire From All Sides
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:22
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Roland Martin, Ana Navarro Reihan Salam and John Avlon discuss Chuck Hagel coming under fire from Republicans and Democrats.
http://wn.com/Possible_Sec_Of_Defense_Nominee_Chuck_Hagel_Under_Fire_From_All_Sides
Roland Martin, Ana Navarro Reihan Salam and John Avlon discuss Chuck Hagel coming under fire from Republicans and Democrats.
- published: 28 Dec 2012
- views: 693
- author: Roland Martin
Lindsey Graham lobs disingenuous attacks on Chuck Hagel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Lindsey_Graham_lobs_disingenuous_attacks_on_Chuck_Hagel
Inside Story Americas - Is Chuck Hagel the man for the job?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:04
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
What will the appointments of former Republican Senator Chuck Hagel as the next US defence secretary and long-time CIA staffer John Brennan as head of the agency mean for US foreign policy? Guests: Hillary Mann Leverett, Clifford May, Larry Korb.
http://wn.com/Inside_Story_Americas_Is_Chuck_Hagel_the_man_for_the_job?
What will the appointments of former Republican Senator Chuck Hagel as the next US defence secretary and long-time CIA staffer John Brennan as head of the agency mean for US foreign policy? Guests: Hillary Mann Leverett, Clifford May, Larry Korb.
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 2128
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
4:46
Joe Lieberman gets ripped apart by Chuck Hagel on MTP
A Republican does something that the Democrats refuse to do...put Holy Joe Lieberman in hi...
published: 14 Jan 2007
author: ctblogger
Joe Lieberman gets ripped apart by Chuck Hagel on MTP
A Republican does something that the Democrats refuse to do...put Holy Joe Lieberman in his place. Read more about Geogr Bush's favorite senator at ConnecticutBLOG. connecticutblog.blogspot.com Don't look at me, I voted for Ned Lamont!
- published: 14 Jan 2007
- views: 162198
- author: ctblogger
1:31
Say "No" to Chuck Hagel for Secretary of Defense
Many Jewish and elected officials are expressing real concern about the nomination of Chuc...
published: 24 Jan 2013
author: RJCHQ
Say "No" to Chuck Hagel for Secretary of Defense
Many Jewish and elected officials are expressing real concern about the nomination of Chuck Hagel to be Secretary of Defense. His views on Israel and Iran are far outside the mainstream and his comment about the "Jewish lobby" borders on anti-Semitism. We can do better than Chuck Hagel. Call 202-224-3121 and tell your Senators to vote "no" on Chuck Hagel.
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 1233
- author: RJCHQ
28:32
Anti-Israel Chuck Hagel Nominated for Secretary of Defense - Sekulow Ep. 277
Chuck Hagel has been nominated by President Obama for Secretary of Defense. An appointment...
published: 24 Jan 2013
author: OfficialACLJ
Anti-Israel Chuck Hagel Nominated for Secretary of Defense - Sekulow Ep. 277
Chuck Hagel has been nominated by President Obama for Secretary of Defense. An appointment of Chuck Hagel would be a slap in the face to our closest ally in the middle east, Israel. Sign the petition to stop this anti-Israel nomination: aclj.org
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 332
- author: OfficialACLJ
6:23
Countdown: Interview with Chuck Hagel
Keith talks to Senator Chuck Hagel about the quagmire we're stuck in with this Iraq occupa...
published: 01 Apr 2008
author: videocafeblog
Countdown: Interview with Chuck Hagel
Keith talks to Senator Chuck Hagel about the quagmire we're stuck in with this Iraq occupation.
- published: 01 Apr 2008
- views: 1930
- author: videocafeblog
27:38
President Obama Press Conference: Chuck Hagel and John Brennan Nominated
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for secretary of defense and John O. Brennan for dir...
published: 07 Jan 2013
author: TheNewYorkTimes
President Obama Press Conference: Chuck Hagel and John Brennan Nominated
President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for secretary of defense and John O. Brennan for director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Related article: nyti.ms Please visit nyti.ms in order to embed this video Watch more videos at nytimes.com Follow on Twitter: twitter.com
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 4869
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
7:49
Why Some Republicans are Hating on Chuck Hagel - A Potential Defense Sec. Nominee
The Ronald Reagan Myth: What We are Getting Wrong About The Gipper: www.afroarticles.com =...
published: 21 Dec 2012
author: politicalarticles
Why Some Republicans are Hating on Chuck Hagel - A Potential Defense Sec. Nominee
The Ronald Reagan Myth: What We are Getting Wrong About The Gipper: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 2178
- author: politicalarticles
7:26
Chuck Hagel's controversial nomination
Jane Harman, Dir. of the Woodrow Wilson Center, and Ari Fleischer, CNN contributor, share ...
published: 08 Jan 2013
author: CNN
Chuck Hagel's controversial nomination
Jane Harman, Dir. of the Woodrow Wilson Center, and Ari Fleischer, CNN contributor, share opposing views on Chuck Hagel. For more CNN videos, check out www.youtube.com or visit our site at www.cnn.com
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 1201
- author: CNN
27:51
General Colin Powell Weighs in on Chuck Hagel, Afghanistan & The Future of The GOP
Confessions of a GOP Operative Who Left "THE CULT": 3 Things Everyone Must Know About the ...
published: 14 Jan 2013
author: politicalarticles
General Colin Powell Weighs in on Chuck Hagel, Afghanistan & The Future of The GOP
Confessions of a GOP Operative Who Left "THE CULT": 3 Things Everyone Must Know About the Lunatic-Filled Republican Party: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 14 Jan 2013
- views: 291
- author: politicalarticles
6:39
"Chuck Hagel Is His Own Man! He Wears No Man's Collar!" Max Cleland
January 08, 2013 CBS News MOXNews.com...
published: 09 Jan 2013
author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
"Chuck Hagel Is His Own Man! He Wears No Man's Collar!" Max Cleland
January 08, 2013 CBS News MOXNews.com
- published: 09 Jan 2013
- views: 606
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
13:45
Chuck Hagel Faces Tough Confirmation from Senate Hawks for Rejecting Party Line on Israel, Iran
DemocracyNow.org - President Obama is expected to unveil the nomination today of former Re...
published: 07 Jan 2013
author: democracynow
Chuck Hagel Faces Tough Confirmation from Senate Hawks for Rejecting Party Line on Israel, Iran
DemocracyNow.org - President Obama is expected to unveil the nomination today of former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel of Nebraska as the next Secretary of Defense, replacing Leon Panetta. A Vietnam War veteran and three-term member of the Senate, Hagel has faced criticism from right-wing foes over his positions on Israel and dealing with Iran, as well as from progressive critics for making denigrating comments in 1998 about gays in government, for which he only recently apologized. Hagel may face an uphill nomination battle due to opposition from fellow Republicans and hawkish Democrats unnerved by his stances on Israel, Iran and military spending. We're joined Ali Gharib, Senior Editor for Open Zion, a Middle East blog on the website, The Daily Beast. To watch the entire weekday independent news hour, read the transcript, download the podcast, search our vast archive, or to find more information about Democracy Now! and Amy Goodman, visit www.democracynow.org. Democracy Now!, an independent global news hour that airs weekdays on 1100+ TV and radio stations Monday through Friday. FOLLOW DEMOCRACY NOW! ONLINE Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: @democracynow Subscribe on YouTube: www.youtube.com Listen on SoundCloud: www.soundcloud.com Daily Email News Digest: www.democracynow.org Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 1604
- author: democracynow
1:20
Chuck Hagel: "I'm a United States Senator, not an Israeli Senator"
Secretary of Defense candidate Chuck Hagel claims the Israel lobby "intimidates" members o...
published: 17 Dec 2012
author: IRmep
Chuck Hagel: "I'm a United States Senator, not an Israeli Senator"
Secretary of Defense candidate Chuck Hagel claims the Israel lobby "intimidates" members of Congress. Under pressure from a constituent to attack Iran, Hagel sets the record straight about upholding the constitution and serving America, rather than Israel. Excerpt from the IRmep video, "Breaking Justice: The Israel Lobby in America" - 2009
- published: 17 Dec 2012
- views: 15603
- author: IRmep
6:48
Chuck Hagel Controversy Over Secretary of Defense Nomination
--President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel to be Defense Secretary, and we discuss the variou...
published: 09 Jan 2013
author: MidweekPolitics
Chuck Hagel Controversy Over Secretary of Defense Nomination
--President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel to be Defense Secretary, and we discuss the various reasons liberals and conservatives have to like and dislike him, and the unspoken reason that may be under the radar. --On the Bonus Show: Oldest fossils ever found, Allstate pulls ad featuring Sandy victim, Indian millionaire buys gold shirt, more... How do you get the Bonus Show? Become a member: www.davidpakman.com If you liked this clip of The David Pakman Show, please do us a big favor and share it with your friends... and hit that "like" button! www.davidpakman.com Become a Member www.davidpakman.com Like Us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow Us on Twitter: www.twitter.com Get TDPS Gear: www.davidpakman.com 24/7 Voicemail Line: (219)-2DAVIDP Subscribe to The David Pakman Show for more: www.youtube.com Broadcast on January 8, 2013
- published: 09 Jan 2013
- views: 1842
- author: MidweekPolitics
Vimeo results:
4:54
President Obama Welcomes Senators Hagel and Boren to Intelligence Team
The President announces that Senators Chuck Hagel and David Boren have agreed to serve as ...
published: 28 Oct 2009
author: The White House
President Obama Welcomes Senators Hagel and Boren to Intelligence Team
The President announces that Senators Chuck Hagel and David Boren have agreed to serve as co-chairmen of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board. October 28, 2009. (Public Domain)
3:58
About the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
In this video, CFR members, including Brian Williams, Fareed Zakaria, Angelina Jolie, Chuc...
published: 18 Mar 2010
author: Council on Foreign Relations
About the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
In this video, CFR members, including Brian Williams, Fareed Zakaria, Angelina Jolie, Chuck Hagel, and Erin Burnett, explain why CFR is an indispensable resource on U.S. foreign policy and international affairs. This film was created by Emmy Award-winning director Jesse Dylan and produced by his company FreeForm.
3:59
Video About The Council on Foreign Relations
Original music for the CFR produced WONDROS
CFR members, including Brian Williams, Faree...
published: 08 Jul 2011
author: visionear
Video About The Council on Foreign Relations
Original music for the CFR produced WONDROS
CFR members, including Brian Williams, Fareed Zakaria, Angelina Jolie, Chuck Hagel, and Erin Burnett, explain why the Council on Foreign Relations is an indispensable resource on U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.
please visit www.CFR.org
2:08
SPLIT: A DEEPER DIVIDE - TRAILER
What does it mean for our collective future when we too divided to address the challenges ...
published: 24 Sep 2012
author: PF Pictures
SPLIT: A DEEPER DIVIDE - TRAILER
What does it mean for our collective future when we too divided to address the challenges we face as a nation? SPLIT: A Deeper Divide is the riveting investigation into the partisanship paralyzing our politics that looks beyond the bitter rancor to reveal the truth of why our country is more polarized and our politics more gridlocked than at any other time in recent memory.
Through unparalleled access to the most insightful and recognizable names analyzing politics and society - including, Senator Evan Bayh (D-IN), Senator Chuck Hagel (R-NE), Lawrence Lessig (Foundation of Ethics; Harvard), Grover Norquist (American for Tax Reform) Jacob Hacker (Institution for Social and Policy Studies; Yale), Ezra Klein (MSNBC), Robert Kaiser (Washington Post), Norm Ornstein (AEI), Thomas Frank (Wall Street Journal), Noam Chomsky (MIT), Robert Putnam (Harvard), Nicholas Kristof (NY Times), Tucker Carlson (Fox News), Amy Goodman (Democracy Now), among others - the thought-provoking documentary unpacks the partisan wedges that have been driven ever deeper into our national fabric and the devastating impact these have had on our democracy.
The film moves beyond the headlines of conservatives vs. liberals to the deeper questions of why - Why have we become two Americas? What are the forces - social, cultural, economic, political - that divide our nation so deeply?
The must-see documentary of this election season, SPLIT: A Deeper Divide offers a much needed non-partisan perspective on how the United States of America have become the Divided States of America.
Youtube results:
14:22
Obama Nomination of Chuck Hagel Marks The End of Neo-CON Foreign Policy Dominance
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama...
published: 08 Jan 2013
author: politicalarticles
Obama Nomination of Chuck Hagel Marks The End of Neo-CON Foreign Policy Dominance
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 337
- author: politicalarticles
11:55
Chuck Hagel Set To Trim Insane $700 Billion Defense Budget if Confirmed
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama...
published: 08 Jan 2013
author: politicalarticles
Chuck Hagel Set To Trim Insane $700 Billion Defense Budget if Confirmed
The Tarring of Chuck Hagel: Republicans Cannibalize One of Their Own -- Chuck Hagel, Obama's Nominee For Defense Secretary -- www.politicalarticles.net =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 230
- author: politicalarticles
24:33
Why Can't Americans Have An Honest Conversation About Israel?
December 22, 2012 MSNBC News MOXNews.com...
published: 23 Dec 2012
author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
Why Can't Americans Have An Honest Conversation About Israel?
December 22, 2012 MSNBC News MOXNews.com
- published: 23 Dec 2012
- views: 4492
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
1:40
Who is Chuck Hagel?
Chuck Hagel, nominated by President Barack Obama as the potential new US Secretary of Defe...
published: 08 Jan 2013
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Who is Chuck Hagel?
Chuck Hagel, nominated by President Barack Obama as the potential new US Secretary of Defence, is a former Republican senator. He is a Vietnam veteran known for speaking his mind and voicing his criticism of the US-led war in Iraq. Al Jazeera's Rosiland Jordan reports.
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 3420
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
photo: AP / World Vision
07 Feb 2013
Aid workers struggled to reach remote, tsunami-ravaged villages in the Solomon Islands on Thursday, as the death toll rose with more bodies found in wrecked homes and debris in the South Pacific island chain ... Around 100 homes across five villages were damaged or destroyed ... Three more bodies were found Thursday, but Herming said details of how those victims died were not immediately available ... - AP. ....(size: 1.9Kb)
photo: USAF / Senior Airman Larry E. Reid Jr.
07 Feb 2013
Updated. February 7, 2013 12.29AM. WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama has directed the Justice Department to give Congress’ intelligence committees access to classified legal advice providing the government’s rationale for drone strikes against American citizens working with al-Qaida abroad, a senior administration official and Democratic lawmakers said Wednesday ... The unclassified memo says it is legal for the government to kill U.S ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: US Army / Chief Warrant Officer 4 Daniel McClinton
06 Feb 2013
Defense Secretary, it was appalling to observe several senators haggling with Chuck Hagel over whether the surge during the disastrous U.S.-Iraqi preemptive war and military occupation was a success or not ... embassies and the ongoing drone wars, they instead attempted to trap Hagel with a statement made back in January of 2007. Reminding Hagel that he claimed then-President George W....(size: 6.2Kb)
photo: AP / Amr Nabil
06 Feb 2013
February 6, 2013 -- Updated 1339 GMT (2139 HKT). Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (C) is greeted as he visits the Sayyeda Zeinab mosque in Cairo, February 5, 2013. Cairo (CNN) -- During a historic trip to Egypt, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was greeted by a group of men who hurled shoes at him -- a major insult in the Muslim world ... Other men also threw shoes at Ahmadinejad, the Egyptian public prosecutor's office said ... 0 ... ... ....(size: 6.9Kb)
photo: WN / Arturo Ubaub
06 Feb 2013
A powerful 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck near the Solomon Islands on Wednesday, triggering a small tsunami and prompting alerts across the South Pacific that were later cancelled. By News Wires (text). ... Damage reports were limited, and there were no reports of casualties. The quake struck 340 km (211 miles) east of Kira Kira in the Solomons, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii said ... Hot spot ... (REUTERS). Date created ... ....(size: 8.1Kb)
New York Post Online
08 Feb 2013
Schumer’s claim that Chuck Hagel clarified his views and deserves to be defense secretary ... Chuck Schumer has shown that he is the ultimate politician — astute, pragmatic, practical and two-faced in his endorsement of Chuck Hagel to be secretary of defense (“Why Chuck Blesses Chuck,” Editorial, Feb ... Chuck Schumer ... The Hagel-Schumer love affair is Schumer’s farce du jour....(size: 2.7Kb)
The Examiner
08 Feb 2013
The Center for Security Policy (CSP) today wrote a letter to members of the Senate Armed Services Committee warning of the dire national security and economic implications of another round of reductions in Pentagon spending and the inadvisability of entrusting leadership of the Defense Department to someone like Senator Chuck Hagel who has favored such cuts in the past....(size: 10.7Kb)
Foreign Policy
08 Feb 2013
As the Western media reported it, the future of U.S.-Iranian nuclear negotiations suffered a major setback on Feb ... "You are pointing a gun at Iran saying you want to talk ... Twitter ... ... Despite a number of recent encouraging signs -- such as President Barack Obama's nomination of John Kerry and Chuck Hagel for key administration posts -- the nuclear standoff remains deadlocked over the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: AP / J. Scott Applewhite
08 Feb 2013
terrorism suspects. Lawmakers pressed Brennan on controversial counterterrorism tactics employed while he was a CIA official under former President George W ... DOCUMENTS FOR LAWMAKERS' EYES ONLY ... Some of the most intense questioning of Brennan came from liberal Democrats, not the conservative Republicans who have raised the strongest objections to one of Obama's other security nominees - Chuck Hagel, his choice to lead the Pentagon ... U.S....(size: 6.0Kb)
The Himalayan
08 Feb 2013
. Added At. 2013-02-08 7.51 AM. Last Updated At. 2013-02-08 7.51 AM. The Himalayan Times - Saved Articles(s). The headlines has been added to your saved article(s) ... Some of the most intense questioning of Brennan came from liberal Democrats, not the conservative Republicans who have raised the strongest objections to one of Obama's other security nominees - Chuck Hagel, his choice to lead the Pentagon ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)
Stuff
08 Feb 2013
John Brennan, President Barack Obama’s nominee for CIA director, said during tough congressional questioning he did not try to stop waterboarding ... Ad Feedback ... Some of the most intense questioning of Brennan came from liberal Democrats, not the conservative Republicans who have raised the strongest objections to one of Obama’s other security nominees — Chuck Hagel, his choice to lead the Pentagon ... QUESTION OF LEAKS ... ....(size: 6.8Kb)
Business Insider
08 Feb 2013
Michael Bailey. URL. Michael Bailey is the creator of a military blog, The Madness Of The Combat Medic. Recent Posts. Now That I'm Home, Strange Things Strike The Rawest Nerve Veteran. Do Me A Favor This Year And Hold All The 'Thank-Yous' FORMER COMBAT MEDIC. College Has Been A Nightmare For Me, And I'm... ... ... SEE ALSO. How the Chuck Hagel era will reshape the military > ... Tags ... ....(size: 9.7Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
08 Feb 2013
WASHINGTON (AP) — The U.S. military is determined to position small, quick reaction forces closer to global crises after the rapid assault on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Libya last September kept U.S. armed forces from responding in time to save four Americans. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and Army Gen ... 11, the chaotic day of the assault on the U.S ... Sen. Angus King, I-Maine, put it in layman's terms ... Sen ... Chuck Hagel to succeed Panetta ... ....(size: 7.6Kb)
Stars and Stripes
08 Feb 2013
WASHINGTON -- The U.S. military is determined to position small, quick reaction forces closer to global crises after the rapid assault on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Libya last September kept U.S. armed forces from responding in time to save four Americans. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and Army Gen ... 11, the chaotic day of the assault on the U.S ... Sen. Angus King, I-Maine, put it in layman's terms ... Sen ... Sen ... Chuck Hagel to succeed Panetta ... ....(size: 8.3Kb)
Detroit Free Press
07 Feb 2013
Veterans' organizations have praised Chuck Hagel, a twice-wounded combat veteran of Vietnam and deputy administrator in President Ronald Reagan's Veterans Administration ... Republican-leaning outside groups have waged a campaign against Hagel, airing TV commercials, running ......(size: 1.4Kb)
The Times of India
07 Feb 2013
The Senate Armed Services Committee delayed a vote on Chuck Hagel's confirmation as secretary of defense, the panel's chairman said on Wednesday, amid Republican demands for more information from President Barack Obama's nominee. "The committee's vote on Senator Hagel's nomination has not been scheduled," Senator Carl Levin said in a statement ... But the delay is not expected to mean that Hagel will not be confirmed....(size: 4.8Kb)
noodls
07 Feb 2013
considers Chuck Hagel - a twice-wounded Vietnam War infantryman and former two-term U.S ... AMVETS National Commander Cleve Geerendorsed President Barack Obama's nomination of Chuck Hagel as the next Secretary of Defense. "AMVETS fully supports President Obama's nomination of Chuck Hagel for the future Secretary of Defense," said Geer ... VFW STATEMENT ON SENATOR CHUCK HAGEL NOMINATION <br />....(size: 21.9Kb)
| Chuck Hagel | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Chairman of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office October 28, 2009[1] Serving with David L. Boren |
|
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Stephen Friedman |
| United States Senator from Nebraska |
|
| In office January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2009 |
|
| Preceded by | J. James Exon |
| Succeeded by | Mike Johanns |
| Deputy Administrator of Veteran Affairs | |
| In office 1981–1982 |
|
| President | Ronald Reagan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1946-10-04) October 4, 1946 (age 65) North Platte, Nebraska |
| Nationality | American |
| Spouse(s) | Lilibet Hagel |
| Children | Allyn Hagel Ziller Hagel |
| Residence | Omaha, Nebraska |
| Alma mater | University of Nebraska at Omaha |
| Occupation | Electronics executive |
| Religion | Episcopalian[2] |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1967–1968 |
| Rank |  sergeant |
| Unit | 2nd Battalion, 47th Infantry Regiment, 9th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War |
| Awards | Purple Heart Army Commendation Medal Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry Combat Infantry Badge |
Charles Timothy "Chuck" Hagel (born October 4, 1946) is a former United States Senator from Nebraska. A member of the Republican Party, he was first elected in 1996 and was reelected in 2002. In 2009, he was elected as Chairman of the Atlantic Council.
Contents |
Early life and family[link]
Born in North Platte, Nebraska, to Betty Dunn Hagel and Charles Dean Hagel, who had German and Polish ancestry,[3] he graduated from St. Bonaventure High School (now Scotus Central Catholic High School) in Columbus, Nebraska, the Brown Institute for Radio and Television in 1966 and the University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1971. Hagel is a Vietnam War veteran, having served in the United States Army infantry, attaining the rank of Sergeant (E-5) from 1967 – 1968. He served as an infantry squad leader in the 9th Infantry Division.[4][5] While serving during the Vietnam War, Hagel received the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, two Purple Hearts, Army Commendation Medal, and the Combat Infantryman Badge.[citation needed] After returning from Vietnam, he worked as a bartender and radio newscaster while finishing college.
Hagel married Lilibet Ziller in April 1985. The couple live with their daughter, Allyn, and son, Ziller, in McLean, Virginia.[6] The family has one dog, Figgie, a Portuguese water dog who was trained by Dawn Sylvia-Stasiewicz, the same dog trainer who trained the Obama Family's dog, Bo, as well as Ted Kennedy's dogs.[7]
Hagel has two brothers: Thomas, also a highly decorated Vietnam War veteran, is a professor at the University of Dayton School of Law,[8] and Mike, an accomplished and well known artist who currently resides in Omaha, Nebraska.[9] Hagel's third brother, Jim, died in a tragic car accident at the age of 16.[10]
Hagel has been an avid Nebraska Cornhuskers football fan since he was a young boy growing up in Nebraska. He and his son, Ziller, presented the coin for the coin toss at the 2005 MasterCard Alamo Bowl, in which Nebraska was victorious over the Michigan Wolverines.
Career in Washington[link]
In 1971, Hagel was hired as a staffer for Congressman John Y. McCollister (R-NE), serving until 1977. For the next four years, he worked as a lobbyist for Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, and, in 1980, he served as an organizer for the successful presidential campaign of former California Governor Ronald Reagan.
After Reagan's inauguration as President, Hagel was named deputy administrator of the Veterans Administration. In 1982, however, he resigned his post over a disagreement with V.A. Administrator Robert P. Nimmo, who was intent on cutting funding for V.A. programs, and who had referred to veterans groups as "greedy", and to Agent Orange as not much worse than a "little teenage acne".[11]
Business career[link]
After leaving government employment, Hagel co-founded Vanguard Cellular, a mobile phone manufacturer that made him a multi-millionaire. While working with Vanguard, he served as president and chief executive officer of the United Service Organizations and the Private Sector Council, as deputy director and chief operating officer of the 1990 G7 Summit, and on the board of directors or advisory committee of the American Red Cross, the Eisenhower World Affairs Institute, Bread for the World, and the Ripon Society. He also served as Chairman of the Agent Orange Settlement Fund and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Although he was pressured by some to run for Governor of Virginia, where he had lived for 20 years, in 1992 Hagel moved back to Nebraska to become president of the McCarthy Group, an investment banking firm. He also served as a Chairman and was CEO of American Information Systems Inc. (AIS), a voting machine manufacturer.
In 1992, as President of investment group McCarthy & Co., Hagel assumed ownership and became Chairman of American Information Services (AIS), later known as Election Systems & Software (ES&S), a manufacturer of computerized voting machines. On March 15, 1995, Hagel resigned from the board of AIS as he intended to run for office.[12]
Election to the Senate[link]
Main article: United States Senate election in Nebraska, 1996
In 1996, Hagel ran for the open US Senate seat created by the retirement of Democrat J. James Exon. Hagel's opponent was Ben Nelson, then the sitting Governor of Nebraska. Although many people[citation needed] believed Hagel had no chance of winning, he won a "stunning upset" in the election, receiving 56% of the vote, winning virtually all demographic groups including many black precincts that had always voted Democratic in previous elections,[citation needed] and becoming the first Republican in twenty-four years to win a Senate seat in Nebraska.
Six years later in 2002, Hagel overwhelmingly won re-election with over 83% of the vote, the largest margin of victory in any statewide race in Nebraska history.
Senate career[link]
Since his election to the Senate in 1996, Hagel served as deputy whip for the Republican Caucus. He was chair of both the Senate Global Climate Change Observer Group and the Senate Oversight Task Force. He served as co-chairman of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China. He also served on the NATO Observer Group. Hagel was a member of four Senate committees: Foreign Relations; Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Rules and Administration.
Hagel's name was widely rumoured to be one of those considered by George W. Bush as a potential running mate in the 2000 presidential election. During the Bush administration, Hagel maintained a "traditionally Republican" voting record, receiving "a lifetime rating of 84 percent from the American Conservative Union and consistent A and B grades from the National Taxpayers Union."[13] Among his most notable votes, Hagel:
- Voted for the Iraq war
- Voted for the Patriot Act
- Voted for the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts
- Voted against No Child Left Behind
- Voted against Bush’s Medicare prescription drug bill
- Voted against McCain-Feingold[13]
In August 2004, Hagel acknowledged that he was considering a presidential campaign in 2008.
Hagel appeared as himself on the HBO series K Street in 2003, on the episode entitled "Week Four".[citation needed]
On immigration, Senator Hagel supports a "pathway to citizenship" and a "guest worker program" for undocumented immigrants.[citation needed] On May 25, 2006 he voted for S. 2611, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006, which passed the Senate before reaching a stalemate in the House in late 2006. On June 26, 2007, Hagel joined with Senator Ted Kennedy to support the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 (S. 1639).
In July 2007, Hagel was one of three Republican Senators who supported the legislation proposed by Democrats to require a troop withdrawal from Iraq to begin within 120 days. "This thing is really coming undone quickly, and [Prime Minister] Maliki's government is weaker by the day. The police are corrupt, top to bottom. The oil problem is a huge problem. They still can't get anything through the parliament—no hydrocarbon law, no de-Baathification law, no provincial elections" (from Robert Novak's interview with Hagel, published in the Washington Post: "Hagel's Stand".)
During his first campaign, Hagel indicated that, were he to be elected, he would retire in 2008 after two terms in the Senate.[14] Nebraska State Attorney General Jon Bruning announced plans to challenge him in the primaries in 2008 if he did not retire.[citation needed] After considering running in the 2008 presidential election, Hagel announced in 2007 that he would retire from the Senate at the end of his present term and would not seek the presidency.[15] He has joined the faculty of Georgetown University, where his daughter currently attends, starting in the fall of 2009, as a Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance and will begin teaching in the fall of 2009, as reported in the Georgetown University student paper "The Hoya", and in the Washington Post [16]
Senator Hagel's differences with his party's platform on Iraq are reflected in a change to his voting record. As reported in:[17] " ... [A]ccording to Congressional Quarterly, in 2006 he voted with the President ninety-six per cent of the time... Hagel's support for Bush's policies declined—in 2007, he voted with the President just seventy-two per cent of the time."
Hagel had a tradition of wearing costumes to work on Halloween, usually masquerading as colleagues or other notable political figures. He has arrived at work dressed as Joe Biden, John McCain, Colin Powell, and Pat Roberts in past years.[18]
Committee assignments[link]
- Committee on Foreign Relations
- Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
- Select Committee on Intelligence
- Committee on Rules and Administration
Criticism of the Bush Administration[link]
On August 18, 2005, Hagel compared the Iraq War to Vietnam and openly mocked Vice President Dick Cheney's assertion that the Iraqi insurgency was in its "last throes".[19]
In November 2005, Hagel made a much-publicized statement: "To question your government is not unpatriotic — to not question your government is unpatriotic." (This was in reference to the lack of open debate in Congress regarding the Iraq War, and in defense of his assertion that the United States should withdraw its troops.)[citation needed] In December 2005, in reference to Bush, the Republican Party, and the PATRIOT Act, Hagel made a much-publicized statement:
- "I took an oath of office to the Constitution, I didn't take an oath of office to my party or my president."[20]
In January 2006, Hagel took issue with Karl Rove over controversial statements the White House advisor made concerning the mindset of Republicans and Democrats. Hagel said, "Well, I didn't like what Mr. Rove said, because it frames terrorism and the issue of terrorism and everything that goes with it, whether it's the renewal of the Patriot Act or the NSA wiretapping, in a political context." He also said that "dark clouds" are hanging over the Republican party, and "If you look at the environment and the atmospherics politically in this town, read any poll. The sixth year of a governing party usually ... is not good ... the country is tired, a lot of complications in these international issues, we're at war."[21] Hagel further criticized the Bush administration, saying, "National security is more important than the Republican Party or the Democratic Party. And to use it to try to get someone elected will ultimately end up in defeat and disaster for that political party."[21]
In July 2006, Hagel again took issue with the Bush administration, this time on its handling of the Israel-Lebanon issue saying "The sickening slaughter on both sides must end and it must end now. President Bush must call for an immediate cease-fire. This madness must stop."[22] Following heavy Republican losses in the 2006 midterm election, Hagel penned an editorial in the Washington Post highly critical of military strategies both employed and proposed for Iraq. He unequivocally declared that "There will be no victory or defeat for the United States in Iraq," and called for a "phased troop withdrawal" — making Hagel one of the most prominent voices in his party to do so.[23]
According to a SurveyUSA poll, Hagel has a 10% higher approval rating among Nebraska Democrats than Republicans.[24][25] OnTheIssues.org rates Hagel as a "libertarian-leaning conservative".
In January 2007, Hagel openly criticized President Bush's plan to send an additional 20,000 troops to Iraq. He called it, "the most dangerous foreign policy blunder in this country since Vietnam, if it's carried out."[26] Together with Democrats Joseph Biden and Carl Levin he proposed a non-binding resolution to the Democratic-controlled Senate Foreign Relations Committee, which rejected Bush's policy as "not in the national interest" in a 12-9 vote.[27] However, in a Senate vote of 94-2 to revoke executive power to replace federal prosecutors without a preliminary hearing, Senator Hagel and Senator Kit Bond were the only opposition.[28]
After an April 2007 visit to Iraq with Pennsylvania Democratic Representative Joe Sestak, Hagel expressed his belief that the occupation of Iraq should not continue indefinitely and defended Congressional actions to set a timeline for an end in occupation. In July 2007, Hagel expressed his intention to cooperate with Senate Democrats in voting for a bill that would set a timeline to get out of Iraq.[29]
In November 2007, he rated the Bush administration "the lowest in capacity, in capability, in policy, in consensus—almost every area" of any presidency in the last forty years. He also revealed he was open to running as vice-president with the 2008 Democratic nominee.[30] In the same month, he said, "I have to say this is one of the most arrogant, incompetent administrations I've ever seen or ever read about."[30]
Despite his criticisms of the Bush administration, Hagel voted 78.1% of the time with the Republican party.[31]
Decision not to seek re-election[link]
On September 10, 2007, Hagel announced that he would be retiring from the Senate at the end of his term in 2009.[32] The announcement ended speculation regarding a possible bid for the presidency in 2008.
On its website The Times reported that the Senator was a possible candidate for the cabinet position of United States Secretary of Defense in the Barack Obama administration:
Obama is hoping to appoint cross-party figures to his cabinet such as Chuck Hagel, the Republican senator for Nebraska and an opponent of the Iraq war […] Senior advisers confirmed that Hagel, a highly decorated Vietnam war veteran and one of McCain’s closest friends in the Senate, was considered an ideal candidate for defense secretary.[33]
Senator Obama was quoted in the same article, when asked about Hagel as a potential cabinet member: "Chuck Hagel is a great friend of mine and I respect him very much."[33] Following Hagel's retirement from the Senate, in February 2009 he accepted a position as Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
In 2010, Hagel endorsed Democratic Pennsylvania Congressman Joe Sestak in his run for the United States Senate.
Vice Presidential possibilities[link]
Hagel was rumored to be a possible Obama pick for the Vice Presidential candidacy in his 2008 presidential election ticket. On June 20, 2008, Hagel said he would consider running with Obama if offered the VP spot.[34] He had also been mentioned as a potential United States Secretary of Defense to succeed incumbent Robert Gates in the Obama administration.[35][36] and said that he would consider serving if asked.[37] In August, Hagel indicated that he wouldn't endorse either candidate or get involved in their campaigns.[38] However, his wife endorsed Obama. Obama later picked Joe Biden as his running mate. Robert Gates remained Secretary of Defense for the Obama administration until 2011, when he was succeeded by Leon Panetta, a Democrat.
America: Our Next Chapter[link]
In Senator Hagel's new book, America: Our Next Chapter, he suggests that the United States should adopt independent leadership and possibly another political party. He also believes that the Iraq War is one of the five biggest blunders in U.S. history. Hagel is critical of George W. Bush's foreign policy, calling it "reckless." He has been a major critic of the war since it started, and has stated that the United States should learn from its mistakes in the Vietnam War. He considers Bush's foreign policy a "ping pong game with American lives".
Electoral history[link]
Republican primary for U.S. Senate from Nebraska, 1996[39]
- Chuck Hagel - 108,612 (62.11%)
- Don Stenberg - 65,753 (37.60%)
- Write-ins - 498 (0.29%)
Nebraska United States Senate election, 1996[40]
- Chuck Hagel (R) - 379,933 (56.12%)
- Ben Nelson (D) - 281,904 (41.64%)
- John W. DeCamp (Libertarian) - 9,483 (1.40%)
- Bill Dunn (Natural Law) - 4,806 (0.71%)
- Write-ins - 832 (0.12%)
Republican primary for U.S. Senate from Nebraska, 2002[41]
- Chuck Hagel (inc.) - 144,160 (100.00%) - unopposed
Nebraska United States Senate election, 2002[42]
- Chuck Hagel (R) (inc.) - 397,438 (82.76%)
- Charlie Matulka (D) - 70,290 (14.64%)
- Jack Graziano (Libertarian) - 7,423 (1.55%)
- Phil Chase (Independent) - 5,066 (1.06%)
Awards and honors[link]
In 2001, Hagel was awarded the exclusive Horatio Alger Award for Distinguished Americans.[43] Hagel is also Nebraska Admiral, an honorary title considering Nebraska is a landlocked state. On June 9, 2007, he gave the commencement address for North Central College and was given an honorary L.L.D.[44] Hagel was the keynote speaker at the College of William and Mary's Charter Day in 2007, at which he was awarded an honorary degree of Public Service.[45] On March 3, 2008, Hagel hosted a town hall meeting on domestic and foreign policy issues at the University of Maryland, at which the Center for American Politics and Citizenship (CAPC) gave him the Millard E. Tydings Award for Courage and Leadership in American Politics.[46] Hagel served as the 2010 Clifford P. Case Professor of Public Affairs at Rutgers University's Eagleton Institute of Politics, speaking at public programs in New Brunswick and Newark.[47]
Current Positions[link]
Hagel currently teaches at Georgetown University in the Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS), as a Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance.[48] He is Chairman of the Atlantic Council, Co-Chairman of the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board; a member of the Secretary of Defense’s Policy Board and Secretary of Energy’s Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future; and is a member of Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) board of directors. He also serves on the Board of Directors of Chevron Corporation; the Advisory Boards of Deutsche Bank Americas; Corsair Capital; M.I.C. Industries; is a Director of the Zurich Holding Company of America; and is a Senior Advisor to McCarthy Capital Corporation.[49]
References[link]
- ^ "Remarks by the President Before Meeting with the President's Intelligence Advisory Board Co-Chairmen and Senior Leadership of the Intelligence Community". Whitehouse.gov. October 28, 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-meeting-with-presidents-intelligence-advisory-board-co-chairmen-a. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Hagel was raised in the Roman Catholic faith; see cached excerpt from Charlyne Berens' biography, Chuck Hagel, which refers to Hagel's parents as "pillars of their Catholic church"; Hagel's father; Charles Hagel had converted to the Catholic faith of his wife.
- ^ Dufour, Jeff. "Glenn Close and Chuck Norris push pet projects". The Hill, online edition, Under The Dome, 11 May 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.02230/
- ^ http://www.fairness.com/resources/relation?relation_id=14827
- ^ Robert G. Kaiser. "The Political Veteran: He Survived Vietnam and Won the Senate. Could Chuck Hagel Take the White House?". "The Washington Post", Monday, November 15, 2004; Page C01. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
- ^ Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/wire/sns-ap-us-obit-bos-trainer,0,7401487.story. [dead link]
- ^ "Alum Notes". The Nebraska Transcript (The University of Nebraska College of Law): 44. http://law2.unl.edu/forms/classNotes.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "Veterans Memorial Museum Unveils Original Oil Painting, "Red Tails Strike Again" in Honor of Tuskegee Airmen". Veterans Memorial Museum of Branson. http://www.veteransmemorialbranson.com/newsarchive/001.html. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Pierce, Charles P. (June 26, 2007). "'Before this is over, you might see calls for his impeachment.'". Esquire. http://www.esquire.com/features/chuckhagel0407-4. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Macpherson, Myra. Long Time Passing: Vietnam and the Haunted Generation, Indiana University Press 2001 p. xxxvi
- ^ Fitrakis, Bob and Harvey Wasserman (March 5, 2004). "Diebold's Political Machine". Mother Jones. http://motherjones.com/politics/2004/03/diebolds-political-machine. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
- ^ a b Boaz, David (2010-12-27) Is Chuck Hagel a Republican?, Cato Institute
- ^ "A Hagel Hint?". The Hotline (National Journal Group). 9 March 2007. http://hotlineblog.nationaljournal.com/archives/2007/03/a_hagel_hint.html. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ "AFP: Anti-war Republican and presidential hopeful Hagel to retire". AFP. September 10, 2007. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hvilcCCsR3MwCBy3wQT1Fzyde98w. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Hagel To Teach at Georgetown (February 3, 2009; 4:45 PM ET)
- ^ Bruck, Connie (November 3, 2008). "Odd Man Out: Chuck Hagel’s Republican exile". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/11/03/081103fa_fact_bruck?currentPage=all. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Kornreich, Lauren (October 31, 2007). "Will the real Joe Biden please stand up?". Political Ticker (CNN). http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2007/10/31/will-the-real-joe-biden-please-stand-up/. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ CNN. "Hagel: Iraq growing more like Vietnam; Republican Senator says Bush should meet with protesting mom". Politics. CNN, online edition, 18 August 2005. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ Babington, Charles. "4 GOP Senators Hold Firm Against Patriot Act Renewal More Safeguards Needed, They Say". Washington Post, online edition, 21 December 2005, p. A04. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ a b UPI. "Hagel takes issue with Rove". United Press International, online edition, 30 January 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ CNN. "Key Republican breaks with Bush on Mideast; Nebraska's Sen. Hagel calls for immediate cease-fire". CNN, online edition, 31 July 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ "Leaving Iraq, Honorably". Washington Post, Opinion by Senator C. Hagel, p. B07, online edition. 26 November 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ News Poll #9977. SurveyUSA. 15 August 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ Profile Nebraska Senator Chuck Hagel (Republican Jr Senator). On the Issues, Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ Barrett, Ted. "GOP senator: Bush plan could match Vietnam blunder", CNN, online edition, 11 January 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ BBC. "US Senate panel rejects Iraq plan". BBC News, online edition, Americas, 24 January 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007
- ^ Stout, David (20 March 2007). "Bush and Democrats Clash Over Testimony". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/20/washington/20cnd-attorney.html. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ Barrett, Ted. "Dems Plan Senate All-nighter". CNN, Political Ticker blog, July 16, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
- ^ a b Haass, Richard N., interviewer (28 November 2007). ""A Conversation with Chuck Hagel" (Federal News Service FNS rush transcript)". Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/publication/14895/conversation_with_chuck_hagel_rush_transcript_federal_news_service.html?breadcrumb=%2Fpublication%2Fby_type%2Ftranscript. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ "Chuck Hagel - U.S. Congress Votes Database". The Washington Post. http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/h001028/. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Bratton, Anna Jo (10 September 2007). "Sen. Hagel leaving Congress after '08". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3580692. Retrieved 2008-03-23. [dead link]
- ^ a b Baxter, Sarah (2 March 2008). "Barnstorming Obama plans to pick Republicans for cabinet". Times Online (London: The Times). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/us_elections/article3466823.ece. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ "Hagel says he'd consider VP offer from Obama" Retrieved 20 June 2008
- ^ Madden, Mike (June 17, 2008). "And Obama's veep is ... a Republican?". Salon. http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2008/06/17/hagel_veep/. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ Who will be Obama's running mate Retrieved 7 June 2008
- ^ "Republican ready to serve as Obama's vice-president". Breaking News. 2008-06-25. http://www.breakingnews.ie/world/mhgbgbidojcw/. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^ Mark Memmott and Jill Lawrence, "Sen. Hagel won't be endorsing a presidential candidate", August 12, 2008, USA Today's On Politics blog.
- ^ "NE US Senate - R Primary Race - May 14, 1996". Our Campaigns. http://ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=187861. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "NE US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1996". Our Campaigns. http://ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=176. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "NE US Senate- R Primary Race - May 14, 2002". Our Campaigns. http://ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=215488. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "NE US Senate Race - Nov 05, 2002". Our Campaigns. http://ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=196. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Chuck Hagel Former United States Senator District of Columbia Class Year: 2001. Horatio Alger Association.
- ^ NCC. "Senator Chuck Hagel Commencement speaker". North Central College. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
- ^ Zagursky, Erin (January 9, 2007). "U.S. Sen. Chuck Hagel to speak at William and Mary’s Charter Day". The College of William & Mary. http://web.wm.edu/news/archive/index.php?id=7191. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ http://www.newsdesk.umd.edu/sociss/release.cfm?ArticleID=1606
- ^ "Clifford P. Case Professorship: America: Our Next Chapter – Tough Questions, Straight Answers". Eagleton Institute of Politics. April 9, 2010. http://www.eagleton.rutgers.edu/events/EventPhotos.php. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "Sen. Chuck Hagel Joins Faculty". Georgetown University. February 5, 2009. http://explore.georgetown.edu/news/?ID=39745. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "Chuck Hagel". Atlantic Council. http://www.acus.org/users/chuck-hagel. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
Further reading[link]
External links[link]
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Chuck Hagel |
- Official sites
- Speech on U.S.-Iran Relations, Senate Speeches, U.S. Government, February 22, 2007
- Sandhills PAC Hagel's Political Action Committee
- Documentaries, topic pages and databases
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- New York Times — Chuck Hagel News news stories and commentary
- Chuck Hagel: Moving Forward authorized biography by Charlyne Berens, book information from University of Nebraska Press ISBN 0-8032-1075-2
- Media coverage
- Hagel low on cash on hand, raising retirement issue, The Hill, January 30, 2007
- Joseph Lelyveld, "The Heartland Dissident", New York Times Magazine, February 12, 2006
- Chuck Hagel: A Christmas Present, and Past, Washington Post, December 22, 2005
- Interview C-SPAN Q&A, November 13, 2005
- Hagel’s ethics filings pose disclosure issue, The Hill, January 29, 2003
- Sen. Chuck Hagel Interview (video), The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, March 31, 2008
- Connie Bruck, "Odd Man Out: Chuck Hagel's Republican Exile" The New Yorker 84/35 (3 November 2008) : 52-63
- Grassroots campaigns
- Blogspot: Chuck Hagel for President, Unofficial campaign site on Blogspot
- Draft Hagel '08 grassroots presidential draft site
- Michigan for Hagel 2008, Unofficial Michigan campaign site on Blogspot
- Students for Hagel, Unofficial students' campaign site on Blogspot
| United States Senate | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by J. James Exon |
United States Senator (Class 2) from Nebraska 1997–2009 Served alongside: Bob Kerrey, Ben Nelson |
Succeeded by Mike Johanns |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Hal Daub |
Republican Party nominee for United States Senator from Nebraska (Class 2) 1996, 2002 |
Succeeded by Mike Johanns |
|
||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hagel, Chuck |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician |
| Date of birth | 1946-10-04 |
| Place of birth | North Platte, Nebraska |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Chuck_Hagel
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Хэйгел, Чак
http://fr.wn.com/Chuck Hagel
http://nl.wn.com/Chuck Hagel
http://de.wn.com/Chuck Hagel
http://id.wn.com/Chuck Hagel
http://pl.wn.com/Chuck Hagel
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Hagel
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ted Cruz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Texas Solicitor General | |
| In office 2003 – May 2008 |
|
| Preceded by | Julie Parsley |
| Succeeded by | James C. Ho |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1970-12-22) December 22, 1970 (age 41) Calgary, Alberta, Canada[1] |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Heidi Suzanne Cruz |
| Children | Caroline Camille Catherine Christiane |
| Residence | Houston, Texas |
| Alma mater | Princeton University Harvard Law School |
| Profession | Attorney |
| Religion | Southern Baptist[2] |
| Website | tedcruz.org |
Rafael Edward Cruz, known as Ted Cruz (born December 22, 1970), is the former Solicitor General of the U.S. state of Texas, a position which he held from 2003 to May 2008. Cruz was appointed by Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott. He was the first Hispanic Solicitor General in Texas, the youngest Solicitor General in the United States, and had the longest tenure in the post thus far in Texas history. He is currently a partner at the law firm Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, where he leads the firm’s U.S. Supreme Court and national appellate litigation practice.[3]
Cruz is a candidate for the 2012 Republican nomination for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Kay Bailey Hutchison.[4]
Cruz previously served as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the United States Department of Justice, and as Domestic Policy Advisor to U.S. President George W. Bush on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign. In addition, from 2004-2009 Cruz was an Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Texas School of Law in Austin, where he taught U.S. Supreme Court litigation.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Cruz was born to a Cuban-American father and an American mother in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, where his parents were working in the petroleum business.[1] His father was imprisoned and tortured in Cuba until he escaped to freedom in Texas in 1957.[5]
Cruz attended high school at Faith West Academy in Katy, Texas,[6] and then graduated from Second Baptist High School in Houston.
Cruz earned his Bachelor of Arts from Princeton University and his J.D., magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts. While at Princeton, he competed for the American Whig-Cliosophic Society's Debate Panel as one of North America's top-ranked parliamentary debaters, winning the top speaker award at both the 1992 U.S. National Debating Championship and the 1992 North American Debating Championship.[7] In 1992, he was named Speaker of the Year and Team of the Year (with his debate partner, David Panton) by the American Parliamentary Debate Association.[7] Cruz was also a semi-finalist at the 1995 World Universities Debating Championship.[8]
Cruz graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School. He was a primary editor of the Harvard Law Review, an executive editor of the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, and a founding editor of the Harvard Latino Law Review.[9]
Legal career[link]
Cruz also served as a law clerk to William Rehnquist, then-Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, and J. Michael Luttig of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.[10] Cruz was the first Hispanic ever to clerk for a Chief Justice of the United States.[11]
Cruz has authored more than eighty briefs before the United States Supreme Court and presented forty-three oral arguments, including nine before the United States Supreme Court.
In the landmark case of District of Columbia v. Heller, Cruz assembled a coalition of thirty-one states in defense of the principle that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees an individual right to keep and bear arms.[12] Cruz also presented oral argument for the amici states in the companion case to Heller before the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
In addition to his victory in Heller, Cruz has successfully defended the Ten Commandments monument on the Texas State Capitol grounds, the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools and the 2003 Texas redistricting plan.[13]
Cruz also successfully defended, in Medellin v. Texas, the State of Texas against an attempt by the International Court of Justice to re-open the criminal convictions of 51 murderers on death row throughout the United States.[14]
2012 U.S. Senate election[link]
Main article: United States Senate election in Texas, 2012
On January 19, 2011, following an announcement that U.S. Senator Hutchison would not seek reelection, Cruz announced via blogger conference call his candidacy for the position.[4]
Cruz has been endorsed by David Barton, founder and president of WallBuilders,[15] the Club for Growth, a conservative political action committee,[16] Erick Erickson, editor of prominent conservative blog RedState,[17] the FreedomWorks for America super PAC,[18] Princeton University professor Robert P. George,[19] nationally syndicated radio host Mark Levin,[20] Former Attorney General Edwin Meese,[21] Tea Party Express,[22] Young Conservatives of Texas,[23] U.S. Senators Jim DeMint,[24] Mike Lee,[25] Rand Paul,[26] and Pat Toomey.[27] He has also been endorsed by former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, Texas Congressman Ron Paul,[28] as well as former United States Senator from Pennsylvania Rick Santorum.[29] Cruz faces opposition from sitting Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst in the Republican senatorial primary.
Personal life[link]
Cruz was born and spent the first four years of his life in Calgary before his parents returned to Houston. His father was jailed and tortured by the Batista regime and fought for Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution [30] but "didn't know Castro was a Communist" and later became a staunch critic of Castro when "the rebel leader took control and began seizing private property and suppressing dissent".[31] He moved to Austin, Texas, in 1957 to study at the University of Texas. He spoke no English and had $100 sewn into his underwear.[32] The elder Cruz worked his way through school as a dishwasher making 50 cents an hour. Cruz’s mother, who was from Houston, was the first person in her family ever to go to college. She earned a math degree at Rice University in the 1950s, working summers at Foley’s and Shell. "I'm Cuban, Irish, and Italian, and yet somehow I ended up Southern Baptist."[2]
Cruz and his wife, Heidi Suzanne Cruz, have two daughters, Caroline Camille and Catherine Christiane.
Honors and awards[link]
- "America's Leading Lawyers for Business," Chambers USA (2009 & 2010)
- "50 Most Influential Minority Lawyers in America," National Law Journal (2008)
- "25 Greatest Texas Lawyers of the Past Quarter Century," Texas Lawyer (2010)
- "20 Young Hispanic Americans on the Rise," Newsweek Magazine (1999)
- Traphagen Distinguished Alumnus, Harvard Law School
- Primary Editor, Harvard Law Review
- Executive Editor, Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy
- Founding Editor, Harvard Latino Law Review
- John M. Olin Fellow in Law and Economics, Harvard Law School
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b Kate Zernike (18 November 2011). "A Test for the Tea Party in Texas Senate Race". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/18/us/politics/ted-cruz-is-a-test-for-the-tea-party-in-texas-race.html?_r=1. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ a b Cruz, Ted (2012-02-09). Hugh Hewitt Show. Interview with Hugh Hewitt.
- ^ Passarella, Gina (2008-05-06). "Morgan Lewis Adds Texas Solicitor General". Law.com. http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202421154053. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ a b "Ted Cruz Makes it a New Game for U.S. Senate in Texas". RedState web site. 2011-01-19. http://www.redstate.com/hogan/2011/01/19/ted-cruz-makes-it-a-new-game-for-us-senate-in-texas/. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
- ^ Ted Cruz campaign brochured, mailed April 2012
- ^ Eriksen, Helen (2005-08-11). "Solicitor general carries "supreme" weight with Katy roots". Houston Chronicle web site. http://blogs.chron.com/insidekaty/archives/2005/08/supreme_court_l.html. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
- ^ a b http://debate.princeton.edu/results/hall-of-fame/
- ^ "Australians win debate at Princeton; A Singapore woman won the award for best speaker; English is not her native language". Philadelphia Inquirer ("But the Harvard Law team was composed of two Princeton grads Ted Cruz and David Panton both Class of '92."). 1995=01-10.
- ^ http://www.tedcruz.org/bio/
- ^ "R. (Ted) Edward Cruz > Attorney Biography > Lawyers". Morgan, Lewis & Bockius. 2011-03-29. http://www.morganlewis.com/bios/tcruz. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ Jeffery, Terry. Ted Cruz: New Voice for the American Dream, Townhall.com, May 25, 2011.
- ^ Block, Melissa (March 14, 2008). "D.C. Gun Ban Critic: Court Must Clarify Constitution". NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=88251874.
- ^ Reinert, Patty (June 28, 2006). "Most of Texas' redistricting map upheld". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/4009070.html.
- ^ "Bio". Ted Cruz. http://www.tedcruz.org/page/Bio.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ "David Barton, Paul Pressler Endorse Cruz for Senate". June 13, 2011. http://www.tedcruz.org/post/2011/06/13/David-Barton-Paul-Pressler-Endorse-Cruz-for-Senate.aspx.
- ^ Toeplitz, Shira (June 2, 2011). "Club for Growth Picks Texas Senate Favorite". Roll Call Politics. http://www.rollcall.com/news/Club-for-Growth-Picks-Texas-Senate-Favorite-206144-1.html.
- ^ Erickson, Erick (June 2, 2011). "Ted Cruz for Senate". RedState. http://www.redstate.com/erick/2011/06/02/ted-cruz-for-senate-in-texas/.
- ^ "FreedomWorks PAC Endorses Conservative Candidate Ted Cruz in the Texas Senate Race". June 2, 2011. http://pac.freedomworks.org/press-releases/freedomworks-pac-endorses-conservative-candidate-ted-cruz-in-the-texas-senate-race.
- ^ George, Robert (June 6, 2011). "Ted Cruz for Senate". https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=2044928915498.
- ^ . June 2, 2011. http://www.tedcruz.org/page/endorsements.aspx.
- ^ "Join Conservative Stalwarts Shackelford, Meese". June 9, 2011. http://www.tedcruz.org/post/2011/06/09/Join-Conservative-Stalwarts-Shackelford-Meese.aspx.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Young Conservatives of Texas Endorses Ted Cruz for U.S. Senate". Young Conservatives of Texas. January 5, 2012. http://www.yct.org/yct-endorses-ted-cruz-for-u-s-senate/. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
- ^ Sullivan, Sean (November 28, 2011). "For DeMint, A Few Well-Timed Endorsements". National Journal. http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/11/for-demint-a-fe.php. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
- ^ Catanese, David (March 7, 2011). "Sen. Lee backs Ted Cruz in Texas". Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/davidcatanese/0311/Sen_Lee_backs_Ted_Cruz_in_Texas.html?showall. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
- ^ "Tea Party Stalwart Rand Paul Backs Cruz Over Dewhurst in Senate Race". July 26, 2011. http://blogs.star-telegram.com/politex/2011/07/tea-party-stalwart-rand-paul-backs-cruz-over-dewhurst-in-senate-race.html.
- ^ "Senator Pat Toomey". Ted Cruz for U.S. Senate. April 28, 2011. http://www.tedcruz.org/endorsements/2011/04/28/senator-pat-toomey/. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
- ^ "Ron Paul and Sarah Palin Make Strange Bedfellows by Supporting Texas Tea Party Ted Cruz". PolicyMic. 2012-05-12. http://www.policymic.com/articles/8240/ron-paul-and-sarah-palin-make-strange-bedfellows-by-supporting-texas-tea-party-ted-cruz. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ "Santorum endorses Ted Cruz in Texas Senate race". http://www.caller.com/news/2012/may/24/santorum-endorses-ted-cruz-texas-senate-race/.
- ^ "Texas GOP Senate candidate says he’s no Rubio, his father fought for Castro". The Daily Caller. November 1, 2011. http://news.yahoo.com/texas-gop-senate-candidate-says-no-rubio-father-151607155.html. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
- ^ "Senate candidate Ted Cruz says he hasn't misled about father's exodus from Cuba". dallasnews.com. October 25, 2011. http://www.dallasnews.com/incoming/20111025-senate-candidate-ted-cruz-says-he-hasn-t-misled-about-father-s-exodus-from-cuba.ece. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
- ^ "When my Dad came to Austin in 1957, as a teenage immigrant from Cuba bound for the University of Texas, he spoke no English and had $100 sewn into his underwear. He worked his way through school as a dishwasher making 50 cents an hour, just as my Mom – the first person in her family ever to go to college – earned her math degree at Rice in the 1950s, working summers at Foley’s and Shell." Ted Cruz, http://www.tedcruz.org/page/Conservative-Principles.aspx, accessed 19 June 2011.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ted Cruz |
- Ted Cruz for U.S. Senate campaign website
- "Cruz Control: A Republican star rises in Texas," National Review, Mark Hemingway, May 4, 2009
- Ted Cruz’s Morgan Lewis law firm bio
- "Ted Cruz, hatching a site, expects Abbott to run for a different office," Austin American-Statesman, W. Gardner Selby, March 4, 2009
- "Justices listen to a key voice," The National Law Journal (cover story), Marcia Coyle, April 7, 2008
- Announcement of Ted Cruz's departure as Solicitor General
- "In state politics, his star is rising," Austin American-Statesman (front page story), Mark Lisheron, January 15, 2006
- Debating the Supreme Court's Heller decision with the DC Attorney General on News Hour with Jim Lehrer (video)
- "A Day in the life of... Ted Cruz," Texas Bar Journal, Kim Davey, Vol. 69, No. 7
|
|||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cruz, Ted |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | December 22, 1970 |
| Place of birth | Calgary, Canada |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ted_Cruz
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. Senator (born 1936). For other persons and ships of the same name, see John McCain (disambiguation).
| John McCain | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| United States Senator from Arizona |
|
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 1987 Serving with Jon Kyl |
|
| Preceded by | Barry Goldwater |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona's 1st district |
|
| In office January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1987 |
|
| Preceded by | John Jacob Rhodes Jr. |
| Succeeded by | John Jacob Rhodes III |
| Chairman of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs |
|
| In office January 3, 1995 – January 3, 1997 |
|
| Preceded by | Daniel Inouye |
| Succeeded by | Ben Nighthorse Campbell |
| In office January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2007 |
|
| Preceded by | Ben Nighthorse Campbell |
| Succeeded by | Byron Dorgan |
| Chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation | |
| In office January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2001 |
|
| Preceded by | Larry Pressler |
| Succeeded by | Ernest Hollings |
| In office January 20, 2001 – June 3, 2001 |
|
| Preceded by | Ernest Hollings |
| Succeeded by | Ernest Hollings |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2005 |
|
| Preceded by | Ernest Hollings |
| Succeeded by | Ted Stevens |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Sidney McCain III (1936-08-29) August 29, 1936 (age 75) Coco Solo Naval Air Station, Panama Canal Zone |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Carol Shepp (m. 1965, div. 1980) Cindy Lou Hensley (m. 1980 - present) |
| Relations | John S. McCain, Jr. (father, deceased) Roberta McCain (mother) |
| Children | Douglas (b. 1959, adopted 1966) Andrew (b. 1962, adopted 1966) Sidney (b. 1966) Meghan (b. 1984) John Sidney IV "Jack" (b. 1986) James "Jimmy" (b. 1988) Bridget (b. 1991, adopted 1993) |
| Residence | Phoenix, Arizona |
| Alma mater | U.S. Naval Academy (B.S.) |
| Profession | Naval Aviator, politician |
| Religion | Baptist congregant (Brought up Episcopalian)[1] |
| Signature |  |
| Website | www.mccain.senate.gov |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1958–1981 |
| Rank |  Captain |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War |
|
This article is part of a series about
The life of John McCain |
|
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 United States election.
McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, where he entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily four times, most recently in 2010. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.
McCain ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2000 but lost a heated primary season contest to George W. Bush. He secured the nomination in 2008 after coming back from early reversals, but lost to Democratic candidate Barack Obama in the general election. He subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration.
Early life and military career, 1936–1981[link]
Main article: Early life and military career of John McCain
Formative years and education[link]
John McCain was born on August 29, 1936, at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, to naval officer John S. McCain, Jr. (1911–1981) and Roberta (Wright) McCain (b. 1912).[2] At that time, the Panama Canal was under U.S. control.[3]
McCain's family tree includes Scots-Irish and English ancestors.[4] His father and his paternal grandfather, John S. McCain, Sr., both became four-star United States Navy admirals.[5] His family, including his older sister Sandy and younger brother Joe,[2] followed his father to various naval postings in the United States and the Pacific.[6] Altogether, he attended about 20 schools.[7]
In 1951, the family settled in Northern Virginia, and McCain attended Episcopal High School, a private preparatory boarding school in Alexandria.[8] He excelled at wrestling and graduated in 1954.[9]
Following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, McCain entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. There, he was a friend and informal leader for many of his classmates,[10] and sometimes stood up for targets of bullying.[5] He also became a lightweight boxer.[11] McCain came into conflict with higher-ranking personnel, and he did not always obey the rules, which contributed to a low class rank (894 of 899), despite a high IQ.[10][12] He did well in academic subjects that interested him, such as literature and history, but studied only enough to pass subjects he struggled with, such as mathematics.[5][13] McCain graduated in 1958.[10]
Naval training, first marriage, and Vietnam assignment[link]
John McCain's early military career began when he was commissioned an ensign and started two and a half years of training at Pensacola to become a naval aviator.[14] While there, he earned a reputation as a partying man.[7] He completed flight school in 1960, and became a naval pilot of ground-attack aircraft, assigned to A-1 Skyraider squadrons[15] aboard the aircraft carriers USS Intrepid and USS Enterprise[16] in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas.[17] McCain began as a sub-par flier[17] who was at times careless and reckless;[18] during the early-to-mid 1960s, the planes he was flying crashed twice and once collided with power lines, but he received no major injuries.[18] His aviation skills improved over time,[17] and he was seen as a good pilot, albeit one who tended to "push the envelope" in his flying.[18]
On July 3, 1965, McCain married Carol Shepp, a model originally from Philadelphia.[19] McCain adopted her two young children Douglas and Andrew.[16][20] He and Carol then had a daughter named Sidney.[21][22]
McCain requested a combat assignment,[23] and was assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal flying A-4 Skyhawks.[24] His combat duty began when he was 30 years old, in mid-1967, when Forrestal was assigned to a bombing campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, during the Vietnam War.[19][25] McCain and his fellow pilots became frustrated by micromanagement from Washington, and he would later write that "In all candor, we thought our civilian commanders were complete idiots who didn't have the least notion of what it took to win the war."[25][26]
On July 29, 1967, McCain, by then a lieutenant commander, was near the center of the Forrestal fire. He escaped from his burning jet and was trying to help another pilot escape when a bomb exploded;[27] McCain was struck in the legs and chest by fragments.[28] The ensuing fire killed 134 sailors and took 24 hours to control.[29][30] With the Forrestal out of commission, McCain volunteered for assignment with the USS Oriskany, another aircraft carrier employed in Operation Rolling Thunder.[31] Once there, he would be awarded the Navy Commendation Medal and the Bronze Star for missions flown over North Vietnam.[32]
Prisoner of war[link]
John McCain's capture and subsequent imprisonment began on October 26, 1967. He was flying his 23rd bombing mission over North Vietnam when his A-4E Skyhawk was shot down by a missile over Hanoi.[33][34] McCain fractured both arms and a leg ejecting from the aircraft,[35] and nearly drowned when he parachuted into Truc Bach Lake.[33] Some North Vietnamese pulled him ashore, then others crushed his shoulder with a rifle butt and bayoneted him.[33] McCain was then transported to Hanoi's main Hoa Lo Prison, nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton".[34]
Although McCain was badly wounded, his captors refused to treat his injuries, beating and interrogating him to get information; he was given medical care only when the North Vietnamese discovered that his father was a top admiral.[36] His status as a prisoner of war (POW) made the front pages of major newspapers.[37][38]
McCain spent six weeks in the hospital while receiving marginal care.[33] By then having lost 50 pounds (23 kg), in a chest cast, and with his hair turned white,[33] McCain was sent to a different camp on the outskirts of Hanoi[39] in December 1967, into a cell with two other Americans who did not expect him to live a week.[40] In March 1968, McCain was put into solitary confinement, where he would remain for two years.[41]
In mid-1968, John S. McCain, Jr. was named commander of all U.S. forces in the Vietnam theater, and the North Vietnamese offered McCain early release[43] because they wanted to appear merciful for propaganda purposes,[44] and also to show other POWs that elite prisoners were willing to be treated preferentially.[43] McCain turned down the offer; he would only accept repatriation if every man taken in before him was released as well. Such early release was prohibited by the POW's interpretation of the military Code of Conduct: To prevent the enemy from using prisoners for propaganda, officers were to agree to be released in the order in which they were captured.[33]
In August 1968, a program of severe torture began on McCain.[45] He was subjected to rope bindings and repeated beatings every two hours, at the same time as he was suffering from dysentery.[33][45] Further injuries led to the beginning of a suicide attempt, stopped by guards.[33] Eventually, McCain made an anti-American propaganda "confession".[33] He has always felt that his statement was dishonorable, but as he later wrote, "I had learned what we all learned over there: Every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine."[46][47] Many American POWs were tortured and maltreated in order to extract "confessions" and propaganda statements;[48] virtually all of them eventually yielded something to their captors.[49] McCain subsequently received two to three beatings weekly because of his continued refusal to sign additional statements.[50]
McCain refused to meet with various anti-war groups seeking peace in Hanoi, wanting to give neither them nor the North Vietnamese a propaganda victory.[51] From late 1969 onward, treatment of McCain and many of the other POWs became more tolerable,[52] while McCain continued actively to resist the camp authorities.[53] McCain and other prisoners cheered the U.S. "Christmas Bombing" campaign of December 1972, viewing it as a forceful measure to push North Vietnam to terms.[47][54]
Altogether, McCain was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for five and a half years. He was released on March 14, 1973.[55] His wartime injuries left him permanently incapable of raising his arms above his head.[56]
Commanding officer, liaison to Senate, and second marriage[link]
McCain's return to the United States reunited him with his family. His wife Carol had suffered her own crippling ordeal due to an automobile accident in December 1969.[57] McCain became a celebrity of sorts, as a returned POW.[57]
McCain underwent treatment for his injuries, including months of grueling physical therapy,[58] and attended the National War College at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. during 1973–1974.[59] Having been rehabilitated, by late 1974, McCain had his flight status reinstated, and in 1976 he became commanding officer of a training squadron stationed in Florida.[57][60] He improved the unit's flight readiness and safety records,[61] and won the squadron its first-ever Meritorious Unit Commendation.[60] During this period in Florida, McCain had extramarital affairs, and the McCains' marriage began to falter, for which he later would accept blame.[62][63]
McCain served as the Navy's liaison to the U.S. Senate beginning in 1977.[64] In retrospect, he has said that this represented his "real entry into the world of politics and the beginning of my second career as a public servant."[57] His key behind-the-scenes role gained congressional financing for a new supercarrier against the wishes of the Carter administration.[58][65]
In April 1979,[58] McCain met Cindy Lou Hensley, a teacher from Phoenix, Arizona, whose father had founded a large beer distributorship.[63] They began dating, and he urged his wife Carol to grant him a divorce, which she did in February 1980, with the uncontested divorce taking effect in April 1980.[20][58] The settlement included two houses, and financial support for her ongoing medical treatments due to her 1969 car accident; they would remain on good terms.[63] McCain and Hensley were married on May 17, 1980, with Senators William Cohen and Gary Hart attending as groomsmen.[19][63] McCain's children did not attend, and several years would pass before they reconciled.[22][58] John and Cindy McCain entered into a prenuptial agreement that kept most of her family's assets under her name; they would always keep their finances apart and file separate income tax returns.[66]
McCain decided to leave the Navy. It was doubtful whether he would ever be promoted to the rank of full admiral, as he had poor annual physicals and had been given no major sea command.[67] His chances of being promoted to rear admiral were better, but McCain declined that prospect, as he had already made plans to run for Congress and said he could "do more good there."[68][69] McCain retired from the Navy on April 1, 1981[70] as a captain.[32] He was designated as disabled and awarded a disability pension.[71] Upon leaving the military, he moved to Arizona. His 17 military awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star and Navy Commendation Medal, for actions before, during, and after his time as a POW.[32]
House and Senate elections and career, 1982–2000[link]
Main article: House and Senate career of John McCain, until 2000
See also: Electoral history of John McCain
U.S. Congressman[link]
McCain set his sights on becoming a Congressman because he was interested in current events, was ready for a new challenge, and had developed political ambitions during his time as Senate liaison.[63][72][73] Living in Phoenix, he went to work for Hensley & Co., his new father-in-law Jim Hensley's large Anheuser-Busch beer distributorship.[63] As Vice President of Public Relations at the distributorship, he gained political support among the local business community, meeting powerful figures such as banker Charles Keating, Jr., real estate developer Fife Symington III and newspaper publisher Darrow "Duke" Tully.[64][74] In 1982, McCain ran as a Republican for an open seat in Arizona's 1st congressional district.[75] A newcomer to the state, McCain was hit with charges of being a carpetbagger.[63] McCain responded to a voter making that charge with what a Phoenix Gazette columnist would later describe as "the most devastating response to a potentially troublesome political issue I've ever heard":[63]
Listen, pal. I spent 22 years in the Navy. My father was in the Navy. My grandfather was in the Navy. We in the military service tend to move a lot. We have to live in all parts of the country, all parts of the world. I wish I could have had the luxury, like you, of growing up and living and spending my entire life in a nice place like the First District of Arizona, but I was doing other things. As a matter of fact, when I think about it now, the place I lived longest in my life was Hanoi.[63][76]
With the assistance of local political endorsements, his Washington connections, as well as money that his wife lent to his campaign,[64] McCain won a highly contested primary election.[63] He then easily won the general election in the heavily Republican district.[63]
In 1983, McCain was elected to lead the incoming group of Republican representatives,[63] and was assigned to the House Committee on Interior Affairs. Also that year, he opposed creation of a federal Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, but admitted in 2008: "I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support [in 1990] for a state holiday in Arizona."[77][78]
McCain's politics at this point were mainly in line with President Ronald Reagan, including support for Reaganomics, and he was active on Indian Affairs bills.[79] He supported most aspects of the foreign policy of the Reagan administration, including its hardline stance against the Soviet Union and policy towards Central American conflicts, such as backing the Contras in Nicaragua.[79] McCain opposed keeping U.S. Marines deployed in Lebanon citing unattainable objectives, and subsequently criticized President Reagan for pulling out the troops too late; in the interim, the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing killed hundreds.[63][80] McCain won re-election to the House easily in 1984,[63] and gained a spot on the House Foreign Affairs Committee.[81] In 1985, he made his first return trip to Vietnam,[82] and also traveled to Chile where he met with its military junta ruler, General Augusto Pinochet.[83][84][85]
Growing family[link]
In 1984, McCain and Cindy had their first child together, daughter Meghan, followed two years later by son John Sidney (Jack) IV, and in 1988 by son James (Jimmy).[86] In 1991, Cindy McCain brought an abandoned three-month old girl needing medical treatment to the U.S. from a Bangladeshi orphanage run by Mother Teresa.[87] The McCains decided to adopt her and named her Bridget.[88]
First two terms in U.S. Senate[link]
McCain's Senate career began in January 1987, after he defeated his Democratic opponent, former state legislator Richard Kimball, by 20 percentage points in the 1986 election.[64][89] McCain succeeded longtime American conservative icon and Arizona fixture Barry Goldwater upon the latter's retirement as United States Senator from Arizona.[89]
Senator McCain became a member of the Armed Services Committee, with which he had formerly done his Navy liaison work; he also joined the Commerce Committee and the Indian Affairs Committee.[89] McCain continued to support the Native American agenda.[90] As first a House member and then a senator – and as a life-long gambler with close ties to the gambling industry[91] – McCain was one of the main authors of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act,[92][93] which codified rules regarding Native American gambling enterprises.[94] McCain was also a strong supporter of the Gramm-Rudman legislation that enforced automatic spending cuts in the case of budget deficits.[95]
McCain soon gained national visibility. He delivered a well-received speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention, was mentioned by the press as a short list vice-presidential running mate for Republican nominee George H. W. Bush, and was named chairman of Veterans for Bush.[89][96]
McCain became enmeshed in a scandal during the 1980s as one of five United States Senators comprising the so-called Keating Five.[97] Between 1982 and 1987, McCain had received $112,000 in lawful[98] political contributions from Charles Keating Jr. and his associates at Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, along with trips on Keating's jets[97] that McCain belatedly repaid in 1989.[99] In 1987, McCain was one of the five senators whom Keating contacted in order to prevent the government's seizure of Lincoln, and McCain met twice with federal regulators to discuss the government's investigation of Lincoln.[97] In 1999, McCain said: "The appearance of it was wrong. It's a wrong appearance when a group of senators appear in a meeting with a group of regulators, because it conveys the impression of undue and improper influence. And it was the wrong thing to do."[100] In the end, McCain was cleared by the Senate Ethics Committee of acting improperly or violating any law or Senate rule, but was mildly rebuked for exercising "poor judgment".[98][100] In his 1992 re-election bid, the Keating Five affair was not a major issue,[101] and he won handily, gaining 56 percent of the vote to defeat Democratic community and civil rights activist Claire Sargent and independent former Governor Evan Mecham.[102]
.jpg)
McCain developed a reputation for independence during the 1990s.[103] He took pride in challenging party leadership and establishment forces, becoming difficult to categorize politically.[103]
As a member of the 1991–1993 Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, chaired by Democrat and fellow Vietnam War veteran John Kerry, McCain investigated the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, to determine the fate of U.S. service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War.[104] The committee's unanimous report stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia."[105] Helped by McCain's efforts, in 1995 the U.S. normalized diplomatic relations with Vietnam.[106] McCain was vilified by some POW/MIA activists who, unlike the Arizona senator, believed large numbers of Americans were still held against their will in Southeast Asia.[106][107][108] Since January 1993, McCain has been Chairman of the International Republican Institute, an organization partly funded by the U.S. Government that supports the emergence of political democracy worldwide.[109]
In 1993 and 1994, McCain voted to confirm President Clinton's nominees Stephen Breyer and Ruth Bader Ginsburg whom he considered to be qualified for the U.S. Supreme Court. He would later explain that "under our Constitution, it is the president's call to make."[110] McCain had also voted to confirm nominees of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, including Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.[111]
McCain attacked what he saw as the corrupting influence of large political contributions – from corporations, labor unions, other organizations, and wealthy individuals – and he made this his signature issue.[112] Starting in 1994, he worked with Democratic Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold on campaign finance reform; their McCain-Feingold bill attempted to put limits on "soft money".[112] The efforts of McCain and Feingold were opposed by some of the moneyed interests targeted, by incumbents in both parties, by those who felt spending limits impinged on free political speech and might be unconstitutional as well, and by those who wanted to counterbalance the power of what they saw as media bias.[112][113] Despite sympathetic coverage in the media, initial versions of the McCain-Feingold Act were filibustered and never came to a vote.[114]
The term "maverick Republican" became a label frequently applied to McCain, and he has also used it himself.[112][115][116] In 1993, McCain opposed military operations in Somalia.[117] Another target of his was pork barrel spending by Congress, and he actively supported the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, which gave the president power to veto individual spending items[112] but was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1998.[118]
In the 1996 presidential election, McCain was again on the short list of possible vice-presidential picks, this time for Republican nominee Bob Dole.[101][119] The following year, Time magazine named McCain as one of the "25 Most Influential People in America".[120]
File:FaithOfMyFathers.jpg
McCain's 1999 family memoir
In 1997, McCain became chairman of the powerful Senate Commerce Committee; he was criticized for accepting funds from corporations and businesses under the committee's purview, but in response said the small contributions he received were not part of the big-money nature of the campaign finance problem.[112] McCain took on the tobacco industry in 1998, proposing legislation that would increase cigarette taxes in order to fund anti-smoking campaigns, discourage teenage smokers, increase money for health research studies, and help states pay for smoking-related health care costs.[112][121] Supported by the Clinton administration but opposed by the industry and most Republicans, the bill failed to gain cloture.[121]
Start of third term in the U.S. Senate[link]
McCain won re-election to a third senate term in November 1998, prevailing in a landslide over his Democratic opponent, environmental lawyer Ed Ranger.[112] In the February 1999 Senate trial following the impeachment of Bill Clinton, McCain voted to convict the president on both the perjury and obstruction of justice counts, saying Clinton had violated his sworn oath of office.[122] In March 1999, McCain voted to approve the NATO bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, saying that the ongoing genocide of the Kosovo War must be stopped and criticizing past Clinton administration inaction.[123] Later in 1999, McCain shared the Profile in Courage Award with Feingold for their work in trying to enact their campaign finance reform,[124] although the bill was still failing repeated attempts to gain cloture.[114]
In August 1999, McCain's memoir Faith of My Fathers, co-authored with Mark Salter, was published;[125] a reviewer observed that its appearance "seems to have been timed to the unfolding Presidential campaign."[126] The most successful of his writings, it received positive reviews,[127] became a bestseller,[128] and was later made into a TV film. The book traces McCain's family background and childhood, covers his time at Annapolis and his service before and during the Vietnam War, concluding with his release from captivity in 1973. According to one reviewer, it describes "the kind of challenges that most of us can barely imagine. It's a fascinating history of a remarkable military family."[129]
2000 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: John McCain presidential campaign, 2000
McCain announced his candidacy for president on September 27, 1999 in Nashua, New Hampshire, saying he was staging "a fight to take our government back from the power brokers and special interests, and return it to the people and the noble cause of freedom it was created to serve".[125][130] The leader for the Republican nomination was Texas Governor George W. Bush, who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment.[131]
McCain focused on the New Hampshire primary, where his message appealed to independents.[132] He traveled on a campaign bus called the Straight Talk Express.[125] He held many town hall meetings, answering every question voters asked, in a successful example of "retail politics", and he used free media to compensate for his lack of funds.[125] One reporter later recounted that, "McCain talked all day long with reporters on his Straight Talk Express bus; he talked so much that sometimes he said things that he shouldn't have, and that's why the media loved him."[133] On February 1, 2000, he won New Hampshire's primary with 49 percent of the vote to Bush's 30 percent. The Bush campaign and the Republican establishment feared that a McCain victory in the crucial South Carolina primary might give his campaign unstoppable momentum.[125][134]
The Arizona Republic would write that the McCain–Bush primary contest in South Carolina "has entered national political lore as a low-water mark in presidential campaigns", while The New York Times called it "a painful symbol of the brutality of American politics".[125][135][136] A variety of interest groups that McCain had challenged in the past ran negative ads.[125][137] Bush borrowed McCain's earlier language of reform,[138] and declined to dissociate himself from a veterans activist who accused McCain (in Bush's presence) of having "abandoned the veterans" on POW/MIA and Agent Orange issues.[125][139]
File:McCainGallupPollRatings.gif
John McCain's Gallup Poll favorable/unfavorable ratings, 1999–2009[140]
Incensed,[139] McCain ran ads accusing Bush of lying and comparing the governor to Bill Clinton, which Bush said was "about as low a blow as you can give in a Republican primary".[125] An anonymous smear campaign began against McCain, delivered by push polls, faxes, e-mails, flyers, and audience plants.[125][141] The smears claimed that McCain had fathered a black child out of wedlock (the McCains' dark-skinned daughter was adopted from Bangladesh), that his wife Cindy was a drug addict, that he was a homosexual, and that he was a "Manchurian Candidate" who was either a traitor or mentally unstable from his North Vietnam POW days.[125][135] The Bush campaign strongly denied any involvement with the attacks.[135]
McCain lost South Carolina on February 19, with 42 percent of the vote to Bush's 53 percent,[142] in part because Bush mobilized the state's evangelical voters[125][143] and outspent McCain.[144] The win allowed Bush to regain lost momentum.[142] McCain would say of the rumor spreaders, "I believe that there is a special place in hell for people like those."[88] According to one report, the South Carolina experience left McCain in a "very dark place".[135]
McCain's campaign never completely recovered from his South Carolina defeat, although he did rebound partially by winning in Arizona and Michigan a few days later.[145] He made a speech in Virginia Beach that criticized Christian leaders, including Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, as divisive conservatives,[135] declaring "... we embrace the fine members of the religious conservative community. But that does not mean that we will pander to their self-appointed leaders."[146] McCain lost the Virginia primary on February 29,[147] and on March 7 lost nine of the thirteen primaries on Super Tuesday to Bush.[148] With little hope of overcoming Bush's delegate lead, McCain withdrew from the race on March 9, 2000.[149] He endorsed Bush two months later,[150] and made occasional appearances with the Texas governor during the general election campaign.[125]
Senate career after 2000[link]
Main article: Senate career of John McCain, 2001–present
Remainder of third Senate term[link]
McCain began 2001 by breaking with the new George W. Bush administration on a number of matters, including HMO reform, climate change, and gun legislation; McCain-Feingold was opposed by Bush as well.[114][151] In May 2001, McCain was one of only two Senate Republicans to vote against the Bush tax cuts.[151][152] Besides the differences with Bush on ideological grounds, there was considerable antagonism between the two remaining from the previous year's campaign.[153][154] Later, when Republican Senator Jim Jeffords became an Independent, throwing control of the Senate to the Democrats, McCain defended Jeffords against "self-appointed enforcers of party loyalty".[151] Indeed, there was speculation at the time, and in years since, about McCain himself leaving the Republican Party, but McCain has always adamantly denied that he ever considered doing so.[151][155][156] Beginning in 2001, McCain used political capital gained from his presidential run, as well as improved legislative skills and relationships with other members, to become one of the Senate's most influential members.[157]
After the September 11, 2001 attacks, McCain supported Bush and the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan.[151][158] He and Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman wrote the legislation that created the 9/11 Commission,[159] while he and Democratic Senator Fritz Hollings co-sponsored the Aviation and Transportation Security Act that federalized airport security.[160]
In March 2002, McCain-Feingold passed in both Houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Bush.[114][151] Seven years in the making, it was McCain's greatest legislative achievement.[151][161]
Meanwhile, in discussions over proposed U.S. action against Iraq, McCain was a strong supporter of the Bush administration's position.[151] He stated that Iraq was "a clear and present danger to the United States of America", and voted accordingly for the Iraq War Resolution in October 2002.[151] He predicted that U.S. forces would be treated as liberators by a large number of the Iraqi people.[162] In May 2003, McCain voted against the second round of Bush tax cuts, saying it was unwise at a time of war.[152] By November 2003, after a trip to Iraq, he was publicly questioning Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, saying that more U.S. troops were needed; the following year, McCain announced that he had lost confidence in Rumsfeld.[163][164]
In October 2003, McCain and Lieberman co-sponsored the Climate Stewardship Act that would have introduced a cap and trade system aimed at returning greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; the bill was defeated with 55 votes to 43 in the Senate.[165] They reintroduced modified versions of the Act two additional times, most recently in January 2007 with the co-sponsorship of Barack Obama, among others.[166]
In the 2004 U.S. presidential election campaign, McCain was once again frequently mentioned for the vice-presidential slot, only this time as part of the Democratic ticket under nominee John Kerry.[167][168][169] McCain said that Kerry had never formally offered him the position and that he would not have accepted it if he had.[168][169][170] At the 2004 Republican National Convention, McCain supported Bush for re-election, praising Bush's management of the War on Terror since the September 11 attacks.[171] At the same time, the Senator defended Kerry's Vietnam war record.[172] By August 2004, McCain had the best favorable-to-unfavorable rating (55 percent to 19 percent) of any national politician;[171] he campaigned for Bush much more than he had four years previously, though the two remained situational allies rather than friends.[153]
McCain was also up for re-election as Senator in 2004. He defeated little-known Democratic schoolteacher Stuart Starky with his biggest margin of victory, garnering 77 percent of the vote.[173]
Start of fourth Senate term[link]
In May 2005, McCain led the so-called Gang of 14 in the Senate, which established a compromise that preserved the ability of senators to filibuster judicial nominees, but only in "extraordinary circumstances".[174] The compromise took the steam out of the filibuster movement, but some Republicans remained disappointed that the compromise did not eliminate filibusters of judicial nominees in all circumstances.[175] McCain subsequently cast Supreme Court confirmation votes in favor of John Roberts and Samuel Alito, calling them "two of the finest justices ever appointed to the United States Supreme Court."[111]
Breaking from his 2001 and 2003 votes, McCain supported the Bush tax cut extension in May 2006, saying not to do so would amount to a tax increase.[152] Working with Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy, McCain was a strong proponent of comprehensive immigration reform, which would involve legalization, guest worker programs, and border enforcement components. The Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act was never voted on in 2005, while the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 passed the Senate in May 2006 but failed in the House.[164] In June 2007, President Bush, McCain, and others made the strongest push yet for such a bill, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, but it aroused intense grassroots opposition among talk radio listeners and others, some of whom furiously characterized the proposal as an "amnesty" program,[176] and the bill twice failed to gain cloture in the Senate.[177]
By the middle of the 2000s (decade), the increased Indian gaming that McCain had helped bring about was a $23 billion industry.[93] He was twice chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, in 1995–1997 and 2005–2007, and his Committee helped expose the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal.[178][179] By 2005 and 2006, McCain was pushing for amendments to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act that would limit creation of off-reservation casinos,[93] as well as limiting the movement of tribes across state lines to build casinos.[180]
Owing to his time as a POW, McCain has been recognized for his sensitivity to the detention and interrogation of detainees in the War on Terror. In October 2005, McCain introduced the McCain Detainee Amendment to the Defense Appropriations bill for 2005, and the Senate voted 90–9 to support the amendment.[181] It prohibits inhumane treatment of prisoners, including prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, by confining military interrogations to the techniques in the U.S. Army Field Manual on Interrogation. Although Bush had threatened to veto the bill if McCain's amendment was included,[182] the President announced in December 2005 that he accepted McCain's terms and would "make it clear to the world that this government does not torture and that we adhere to the international convention of torture, whether it be here at home or abroad".[183] This stance, among others, led to McCain being named by Time magazine in 2006 as one of America's 10 Best Senators.[184] McCain voted in February 2008 against a bill containing a ban on waterboarding,[185] which provision was later narrowly passed and vetoed by Bush. However, the bill in question contained other provisions to which McCain objected, and his spokesman stated: "This wasn't a vote on waterboarding. This was a vote on applying the standards of the [Army] field manual to CIA personnel."[185]
Meanwhile, McCain continued questioning the progress of the war in Iraq. In September 2005, he remarked upon Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers' optimistic outlook on the war's progress: "Things have not gone as well as we had planned or expected, nor as we were told by you, General Myers."[186] In August 2006, he criticized the administration for continually understating the effectiveness of the insurgency: "We [have] not told the American people how tough and difficult this could be."[164] From the beginning, McCain strongly supported the Iraq troop surge of 2007.[187] The strategy's opponents labeled it "McCain's plan"[188] and University of Virginia political science professor Larry Sabato said, "McCain owns Iraq just as much as Bush does now."[164] The surge and the war were unpopular during most of the year, even within the Republican Party,[189] as McCain's presidential campaign was underway; faced with the consequences, McCain frequently responded, "I would much rather lose a campaign than a war."[190] In March 2008, McCain credited the surge strategy with reducing violence in Iraq, as he made his eighth trip to that country since the war began.[191]
2008 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: John McCain presidential campaign, 2008
John McCain formally announced his intention to run for President of the United States on April 25, 2007 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[192] He stated that: "I'm not running for President to be somebody, but to do something; to do the hard but necessary things not the easy and needless things."[193]
McCain's oft-cited strengths as a presidential candidate for 2008 included national name recognition, sponsorship of major lobbying and campaign finance reform initiatives, his ability to reach across the aisle, his well-known military service and experience as a POW, his experience from the 2000 presidential campaign, and an expectation that he would capture Bush's top fundraisers.[194] During the 2006 election cycle, McCain had attended 346 events[56] and helped raise more than $10.5 million on behalf of Republican candidates. McCain also became more willing to ask business and industry for campaign contributions, while maintaining that such contributions would not affect any official decisions he would make.[195] Despite being considered the front-runner for the nomination by pundits as 2007 began,[196] McCain was in second place behind former Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani in national Republican polls as the year progressed.
McCain had fundraising problems in the first half of 2007, due in part to his support for the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, which was unpopular among the Republican base electorate.[197][198] Large-scale campaign staff downsizing took place in early July, but McCain said that he was not considering dropping out of the race.[198] Later that month, the candidate's campaign manager and campaign chief strategist both departed.[199] McCain slumped badly in national polls, often running third or fourth with 15 percent or less support.
The Arizona senator subsequently resumed his familiar position as a political underdog,[200] riding the Straight Talk Express and taking advantage of free media such as debates and sponsored events.[201] By December 2007, the Republican race was unsettled, with none of the top-tier candidates dominating the race and all of them possessing major vulnerabilities with different elements of the Republican base electorate.[202] McCain was showing a resurgence, in particular with renewed strength in New Hampshire – the scene of his 2000 triumph – and was bolstered further by the endorsements of The Boston Globe, the New Hampshire Union Leader, and almost two dozen other state newspapers,[203] as well as from Senator Lieberman (now an Independent Democrat).[204][205] McCain decided not to campaign significantly in the January 3, 2008, Iowa caucuses, which saw a win by former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee.
McCain's comeback plan paid off when he won the New Hampshire primary on January 8, defeating former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney in a close contest, to once again become one of the front-runners in the race.[206] In mid-January, McCain placed first in the South Carolina primary, narrowly defeating Mike Huckabee.[207] Pundits credited the third-place finisher, Tennessee's former U.S. Senator Fred Thompson, with drawing votes from Huckabee in South Carolina, thereby giving a narrow win to McCain.[208] A week later, McCain won the Florida primary,[209] beating Romney again in a close contest; Giuliani then dropped out and endorsed McCain.[210]
On February 5, McCain won both the majority of states and delegates in the Super Tuesday Republican primaries, giving him a commanding lead toward the Republican nomination. Romney departed from the race on February 7.[211] McCain's wins in the March 4 primaries clinched a majority of the delegates, and he became the presumptive Republican nominee.[212]
McCain, having been born in the (Panama) Canal Zone, if elected would have become the first president who was born outside the current 50 states. This raised a potential legal issue, since the United States Constitution requires the president to be a natural-born citizen of the United States. A bipartisan legal review[213] and a unanimous but non-binding Senate resolution[214] both concluded that he is a natural-born citizen. Also, if inaugurated in 2009 at age 72 years and 144 days, he would have been the oldest U.S. president upon ascension to the presidency,[215] and the second-oldest president to be inaugurated.[216]
McCain has addressed concerns about his age and past health concerns, stating in 2005 that his health was "excellent".[217] He has been treated for a type of skin cancer called melanoma, and an operation in 2000 for that condition left a noticeable mark on the left side of his face.[218] McCain's prognosis appears favorable, according to independent experts, especially because he has already survived without a recurrence for more than seven years.[218] In May 2008, McCain's campaign briefly let the press review his medical records, and he was described as appearing cancer-free, having a strong heart and in general good health.[219]
Upon clinching enough delegates for the nomination, McCain's focus shifted toward the general election, while Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton fought a prolonged battle for the Democratic nomination.[220] McCain introduced various policy proposals, and sought to improve his fundraising.[221][222] Cindy McCain, who accounts for most of the couple's wealth with an estimated net worth of $100 million,[66] made part of her tax returns public in May.[223] After facing criticism about lobbyists on staff, the McCain campaign issued new rules in May 2008 to avoid conflicts of interest, causing five top aides to leave.[224][225]
When Obama became the Democrats' presumptive nominee in early June, McCain proposed joint town hall meetings, but Obama instead requested more traditional debates for the fall.[226] In July, a staff shake-up put Steve Schmidt in full operational control of the McCain campaign.[227] Throughout these summer months, Obama typically led McCain in national polls by single-digit margins,[228] and also led in several key swing states.[229] McCain reprised his familiar underdog role, which was due at least in part to the overall challenges Republicans faced in the election year.[200][229] McCain accepted public financing for the general election campaign, and the restrictions that go with it, while criticizing his Democratic opponent for becoming the first major party candidate to opt out of such financing for the general election since the system was implemented in 1976.[230][231] The Republican's broad campaign theme focused on his experience and ability to lead, compared to Obama's.[232]
Alaska Governor Sarah Palin was revealed as McCain's surprise choice for running mate on August 29, 2008.[233] McCain was only the second U.S. major-party presidential nominee to select a woman for running mate and the first Republican to do so; Palin would have become the first female Vice President of the United States if she had been elected. On September 3, 2008, McCain and Palin became the Republican Party's Presidential and Vice Presidential nominees, respectively, at the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota. McCain surged ahead of Obama in national polls following the convention, as the Palin pick energized core Republican voters who had previously been wary of him.[234] However, by the campaign's own later admission, the rollout of Palin to the national media went poorly,[235] and voter reactions to Palin grew increasingly negative, especially among independents and other voters concerned about her qualifications.[236]
On September 24, McCain said he was suspending his campaign, called on Obama to join him, and proposed delaying the first of the general election debates with Obama, in order to work on the proposed U.S. financial system bailout before Congress, which was targeted at addressing the subprime mortgage crisis and liquidity crisis.[237][238] McCain's intervention helped to give dissatisfied House Republicans an opportunity to propose changes to the plan that was otherwise close to agreement.[239][240] After Obama declined McCain's suspension suggestion, McCain went ahead with the debate on September 26.[241] On October 1, McCain voted in favor of a revised $700 billion rescue plan.[242] Another debate was held on October 7; like the first one, polls afterward suggested that Obama had won it.[243] A final presidential debate occurred on October 15.[244] During and after it, McCain compared Obama's proposed policies to socialism and often invoked "Joe the Plumber" as a symbol of American small business dreams that would be thwarted by an Obama presidency.[245][246] McCain barred using the Jeremiah Wright controversy in ads against Obama,[247] but the campaign did frequently criticize Obama regarding his purported relationship with Bill Ayers.[248] Down the stretch, McCain was outspent by Obama by a four-to-one margin.[249]
The election took place on November 4, and Barack Obama was projected the winner at about 11:00 pm Eastern Standard Time; McCain delivered his concession speech in Phoenix, Arizona about twenty minutes later.[250] In it, he noted the historic and special significance of Obama becoming the nation's first African American president.[250] In the end, McCain won 173 electoral college votes to Obama's 365;[251] McCain failed to win most of the battleground states and lost some traditionally Republican ones.[252] McCain gained 46 percent of the nationwide popular vote, compared to Obama's 53 percent.[252]
Senate career after 2008[link]
Remainder of fourth Senate term[link]
Following his defeat, McCain returned to the Senate amid varying views about what role he might play there.[253] In mid-November 2008 he met with President-elect Obama, and the two discussed issues they had commonality on.[254] Around the same time, McCain indicated that he intended to run for re-election to his Senate seat in 2010.[255] As the inauguration neared, Obama consulted with McCain on a variety of matters, to an extent rarely seen between a president-elect and his defeated rival,[256] and President Obama's inauguration speech contained an allusion to McCain's theme of finding a purpose greater than oneself.[257]
Nevertheless, McCain emerged as a leader of the Republican opposition to the Obama economic stimulus package of 2009, saying it had too much spending for too little stimulative effect.[258] McCain also voted against Obama's Supreme Court nomination of Sonia Sotomayor – saying that while undeniably qualified, "I do not believe that she shares my belief in judicial restraint"[259] – and by August 2009 was siding more often with his Republican Party on closely divided votes than ever before in his senatorial career.[260] McCain reasserted that the Afghanistan War was winnable[261] and criticized Obama for a slow process in deciding whether to send additional U.S. troops there.[262] McCain also harshly criticized Obama for scrapping construction of the U.S. missile defense complex in Poland, declined to enter negotiations over climate change legislation similar to what he had proposed in the past, and strongly opposed the Obama health care plan.[262][263] McCain led a successful filibuster of a measure that would allow repeal of the military's "Don't ask, don't tell" policy towards gays.[264] Factors involved in McCain's new direction included Senate staffers leaving, a renewed concern over national debt levels and the scope of federal government, a possible Republican primary challenge from conservatives in 2010, and McCain's campaign edge being slow to wear off.[262][263] As one longtime McCain advisor said, "A lot of people, including me, thought he might be the Republican building bridges to the Obama Administration. But he's been more like the guy blowing up the bridges."[262]
In early 2010, a primary challenge from radio talk show host and former U.S. Congressman J. D. Hayworth materialized in the 2010 U.S. Senate election in Arizona and drew support from some but not all elements of the Tea Party movement.[265][266] With Hayworth using the campaign slogan "The Consistent Conservative", McCain said (despite his own past use of the term),[266] "I never considered myself a maverick. I consider myself a person who serves the people of Arizona to the best of his abilities."[267] The primary challenge coincided with McCain reversing or muting his stance on some issues such as the bank bailouts, closing of the Guantánamo Bay detention facility, campaign finance restrictions, and gays in the military.[265] When the health care plan, now called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, passed Congress and became law in March 2010, McCain strongly opposed the landmark legislation not only on its merits but also on the way it had been handled in Congress. As a consequence, he warned that congressional Republicans would not be working with Democrats on anything else: "There will be no cooperation for the rest of the year. They have poisoned the well in what they've done and how they've done it."[268] McCain became a vocal defender of Arizona SB 1070, the April 2010 tough anti-illegal immigration state law that aroused national controversy, saying that the state had been forced to take action given the federal government's inability to control the border.[266][269] In the August 24 primary, McCain beat Hayworth by a 56 to 32 percent margin.[270] McCain proceeded to easily defeat Democratic city councilman Rodney Glassman in the general election.[271]
In the lame duck session of the 111th Congress, McCain voted for the compromise Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, but against the DREAM Act (which he had once sponsored) and the New START Treaty. Most prominently, he continued to lead the eventually losing fight against "Don't ask, don't tell" repeal, with his opposition .[272] In his opposition, he sometimes fell into anger or hostility on the Senate floor, and called its passage "a very sad day" that would compromise the battle effectiveness of the military.[272]
Start of fifth Senate term[link]
While control of the House of Representatives went over to the Republicans in the 112th Congress, the Senate stayed Democratic and McCain continued to be the ranking member of the Senate Armed Services Committee. As the 2011 Middle East and North Africa protests took center stage, McCain urged that embattled Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak step down and thought the U.S. should push for democratic reforms in the region despite the associated risks of religious extremists gaining power.[273] McCain was an especially vocal supporter of the 2011 military intervention in Libya. In April of that year he visited the Anti-Gaddafi forces and National Transitional Council in Benghazi, the highest-ranking American to do so, and said that the rebel forces were "my heroes".[274] In August, McCain voted for the Budget Control Act of 2011 that resolved the U.S. debt ceiling crisis.[275] In November, McCain and Senator Carl Levin were leaders in efforts to codify in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 that terrorism suspects, no matter where captured, could be detained by the U.S. military and its tribunal system; following objections by civil libertarians, some Democrats, and the White House, McCain and Levin agreed to language making it clear that the bill would not pertain to U.S. citizens.[276][277]
In the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries, McCain endorsed former 2008 rival Mitt Romney and campaigned for him, but compared the contest to a Greek tragedy due to its drawn-out nature with massive Super PAC-funded attack ads damaging all the contenders.[278]
Caucus memberships[link]
- International Conservation Caucus
- Senate Diabetes Caucus
- Senate National Security Caucus (Co-Chair)
- Sportsmen's Caucus
- Senate Wilderness and Public Lands Caucus
Political positions[link]
Main articles: Political positions of John McCain and Comparison of United States presidential candidates, 2008
Various advocacy groups have given Senator McCain scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group.[280] The American Conservative Union awarded McCain a lifetime rating of 83 percent through 2010, while McCain has an average lifetime 12 percent "Liberal Quotient" from Americans for Democratic Action through 2010.[281]
The non-partisan National Journal rates a Senator's votes by what percentage of the Senate voted more liberally than he or she, and what percentage more conservatively, in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006 (as reported in the 2008 Almanac of American Politics), McCain's average ratings were as follows: economic policy: 59 percent conservative and 41 percent liberal; social policy: 54 percent conservative / 38 percent liberal;, and foreign policy: 56 percent conservative / 43 percent liberal.[282]
Columnists such as Robert Robb and Matthew Continetti have used a formulation devised by William F. Buckley, Jr. to describe McCain as "conservative" but not "a conservative", meaning that while McCain usually tends towards conservative positions, he is not "anchored by the philosophical tenets of modern American conservatism."[283][284] Following his 2008 presidential election loss, McCain began adopting more orthodox conservative views; National Journal magazine rated McCain along with seven of his colleagues as the "most conservative" Senators for 2010[285] and he achieved his first 100 percent rating from the American Conservative Union for that year.[279]
From the late 1990s until 2008, McCain was a board member of Project Vote Smart (PVS) which was set up by Richard Kimball, his 1986 Senate opponent.[286] PVS provides non-partisan information about the political positions of McCain[287] and other candidates for political office. Additionally, McCain uses his Senate web site to describe his political positions.[288]
McCain is a signer of Americans for Tax Reform's Taxpayer Protection Pledge.[289]
Cultural and political image[link]
Main article: Cultural and political image of John McCain
John McCain's personal character has been a dominant feature of his public image.[290] This image includes the military service of both himself and his family,[291] his maverick political persona,[112] his temper,[292] his admitted problem of occasional ill-considered remarks,[89] and his close ties to his children from both his marriages.[22]
McCain's political appeal has been more nonpartisan and less ideological compared to many other national politicians.[293] His stature and reputation stem partly from his service in the Vietnam War.[294] He also carries physical vestiges of his war wounds, as well as his melanoma surgery.[295] When campaigning, he quips: "I am older than dirt and have more scars than Frankenstein."[296]
Writers often extolled McCain for his courage not just in war but in politics, and wrote sympathetically about him.[56][290][294][297] McCain's shift of political stances and attitudes during and especially after the 2008 presidential campaign, including his self-repudiation of the maverick label, left many writers expressing sadness and wondering what had happened to the McCain they thought they had known.[298][299][300][301]
In his own estimation, the Arizona senator is straightforward and direct, but impatient.[302] Other traits include a penchant for lucky charms,[303] a fondness for hiking,[304] and a sense of humor that has sometimes backfired spectacularly, as when he made a joke in 1998 about the Clintons widely deemed not fit to print in newspapers: "Do you know why Chelsea Clinton is so ugly? — Because Janet Reno is her father."[305][306] McCain subsequently apologized profusely,[307] and the Clinton White House accepted his apology.[308] McCain has not shied away from addressing his shortcomings, and apologizing for them.[89][309] He is known for sometimes being prickly[310] and hot-tempered[311] with Senate colleagues, but his relations with his own Senate staff have been more cordial, and have inspired loyalty towards him.[312][313]
McCain acknowledges having said intemperate things in years past,[314] though he also says that many stories have been exaggerated.[315] One psychoanalytic comparison suggests that McCain was not the first presidential candidate to have a temper,[316] and cultural critic Julia Keller argues that voters want leaders who are passionate, engaged, fiery, and feisty.[292] McCain has employed both profanity[317] and shouting on occasion, although such incidents have become less frequent over the years.[318][319] Senator Lieberman has made this observation: "It is not the kind of anger that is a loss of control. He is a very controlled person."[318] Senator Thad Cochran, who has known McCain for decades and has battled him over earmarks,[320][321] expressed concern about a McCain presidency: "He is erratic. He is hotheaded. He loses his temper and he worries me."[318] Ultimately Cochran decided to support McCain for president, after it was clear he would win the nomination.[322]
All of John McCain's family members are on good terms with him,[22] and he has defended them against some of the negative consequences of his high-profile political lifestyle.[323][324] His family's military tradition extends to the latest generation: son John Sidney IV ("Jack") graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 2009, becoming the fourth generation John S. McCain to do so, and is a helicopter pilot; son James served two tours with the Marines in the Iraq War; and son Doug flew jets in the Navy.[22][325][326] His daughter Meghan became a blogging and Twittering presence in the debate about the future of the Republican Party following the 2008 elections, and showed some of his maverick tendencies.[327][328]
Writings by McCain[link]
Books[link]
- Faith of My Fathers by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, August 1999) ISBN 0-375-50191-6 (later made into the 2005 television film Faith of My Fathers)
- Worth the Fighting For by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, September 2002) ISBN 0-375-50542-3
- Why Courage Matters: The Way to a Braver Life by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, April 2004) ISBN 1-4000-6030-3
- Character Is Destiny: Inspiring Stories Every Young Person Should Know and Every Adult Should Remember by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, October 2005) ISBN 1-4000-6412-0
- Hard Call: Great Decisions and the Extraordinary People Who Made Them by John McCain, Mark Salter (Hachette, August 2007) ISBN 978-0-446-58040-3
Articles and forewords[link]
- "How the POW's Fought Back", by John S. McCain III, Lieut. Commander, U.S. Navy, U.S. News & World Report, May 14, 1973 (reprinted for web under different title in 2008). Reprinted in Reporting Vietnam, Part Two: American Journalism 1969–1975 (The Library of America, 1998) ISBN 1-883011-59-0
- "The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam Prisoners of War", by John S. McCain, Commander USN, National War College, April 8, 1974 (actual paper)
- Foreword by John McCain to A Code to Keep: The True Story of America's Longest-Held Civilian POW in Vietnam by Ernest C. Brace (St. Martin's Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7090-3560-8
- Speeches of John McCain, 1988–2000
- Foreword by John McCain to Glory Denied: The Saga of Jim Thompson, America's Longest-held Prisoner by Tom Philpott (W. W. Norton, 2001) ISBN 0-393-02012-6
- Foreword by John McCain to The Best and the Brightest by David Halberstam (Random House, 2001 edition) ISBN 1-58836-098-9
- Foreword by John S. McCain to Unfinished Business: Afghanistan, the Middle East and Beyond – Defusing the Dangers That Threaten America's Security by Harlan Ullman (Citadel Press, June 2002) ISBN 0-8065-2431-6
- Foreword by John McCain and Max Cleland to Odysseus in America: Combat Trauma and the Trials of Homecoming by Jonathan Shay (Scribner, November 2002) ISBN 0-7432-1156-1
- Foreword by John McCain to Debunking 9/11 Myths: Why Conspiracy Theories Can't Stand Up to the Facts by the Editors of Popular Mechanics (Hearst, August 2006) ISBN 1-58816-635-X
- Introduction by John McCain to Pearl Harbor, the Day of Infamy, an Illustrated History by Dan van der Vat (Black Walnut Books, 2007) ISBN 1-897330-28-6
- "An Enduring Peace Built on Freedom: Securing America's Future" by John McCain Foreign Affairs, November/December 2007
References[link]
- ^ McCain was christened and raised Episcopalian. See Nichols, Hans. "McCain Keeps His Faith to Himself, at Church and in Campaign", Bloomberg (April 25, 2008). He now identifies as a Baptist, although he has not been baptized as an adult, and is not an official member of the church he attends. See Warner, Greg. "McCain's faith: Pastor describes senator as devout, but low-key", Associated Baptist Press (April 8, 2008). Retrieved September 6, 2008. Also see Hornick, Ed. "McCain and Obama cite moral failures", CNN, (August 16, 2008): "McCain, who was raised an Episcopalian and now identifies himself as Baptist, rarely discusses his faith." Retrieved August 16, 2008. Also see Reston, Maeve and Mehta, Seema. "Barack Obama and John McCain to Meet at Saddleback Church", Los Angeles Times, (August 16, 2008): "McCain [is] an Episcopalian who attends a Baptist church in Phoenix..." Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ^ a b Timberg, American Odyssey, 17–34 (subscription only link).
- ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War (Naval Institute Press 2007), 119.
- ^ Roberts, Gary. "On the Ancestry, Royal Descent, and English and American Notable Kin of Senator John Sidney McCain IV", New England Historic Genealogical Society (April 1, 2008). Retrieved May 19, 2008.
- ^ a b c Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: At the Naval Academy", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 10, 2007. According to The Arizona Republic, "'McCain: The life story of Arizona's maverick senator' as written by reporter Bill Muller originally appeared in The Arizona Republic and on azcentral.com on October 3, 1999. Reporter Dan Nowicki updated and revised the biography with additional material in January 2007." See "How the biography was put together", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved June 18, 2008. Regarding McCain's time at the Naval Academy, "McCain's grades were good in the subjects he enjoyed, such as literature and history. Gamboa said McCain would rather read a history book than do his math homework. He did just enough to pass the classes he didn't find stimulating. 'He stood low in his class,' Gamboa said. 'But that was by choice, not design.'"
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 19.
- ^ a b Woodward, Calvin. "McCain's WMD Is A Mouth That Won't Quit", Associated Press via USA Today (November 4, 2007). Retrieved November 10, 2007.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 22.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 28. See also: "Episcopal fetes a favorite son", Alexandria Times (June 12, 2007). Retrieved March 19, 2012.
- ^ a b c Timberg, Nightingale's Song, Chapter 1, 31–35
- ^ Bailey, Holly. "John McCain: 'I Learned How to Take Hard Blows'", Newsweek (May 14, 2007). Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 207. McCain scored 128 and then 133 on IQ tests.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 134.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 32.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 156.
- ^ a b Feinberg, Barbara. John McCain: Serving His Country, 18 (Millbrook Press 2000). ISBN 0-7613-1974-3.
- ^ a b c Timberg, American Odyssey, 66–68.
- ^ a b c Vartabedian, Ralph and Serrano, Richard A. "Mishaps mark John McCain's record as naval aviator", Los Angeles Times (October 6, 2008). Retrieved October 6, 2008.
- ^ a b c "John McCain", Iowa Caucuses '08, The Des Moines Register. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
- ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 92.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 33.
- ^ a b c d e Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Bridging 4 Decades, a Large, Close-Knit Brood", The New York Times (December 27, 2007). Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 167–168.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 172–173.
- ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 185–186.
- ^ Karaagac, John. John McCain: An Essay in Military and Political History, 81–82 (Lexington Books 2000). ISBN 0-7391-0171-4.
- ^ Weinraub, Bernard. "Start of Tragedy: Pilot Hears a Blast As He Checks Plane", The New York Times (July 31, 1967). Retrieved March 28, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 72–74.
- ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 177–179.
- ^ US Navy Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships – Forrestal. States either Aircraft No. 405 piloted by LCDR Fred D. White or No. 416 piloted by LCDR John McCain was struck by the Zuni.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 75.
- ^ a b c Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Navy releases McCain's military record", Associated Press via The Boston Globe (May 7, 2008). Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Prisoner of War", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 10, 2007.
- ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., 363.
- ^ Dobbs, Michael. "In Ordeal as Captive, Character Was Shaped", Washington Post (October 5, 2008)
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 364.
- ^ Apple Jr., R. W. "Adm. McCain's son, Forrestal Survivor, Is Missing in Raid", The New York Times (October 28, 1967). Retrieved November 11, 2007.
- ^ "Admiral's Son Captured in Hanoi Raid", Associated Press via The Washington Post (October 28, 1967). Retrieved February 9, 2008 (fee required for full text).
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 83.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 54.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 89.
- ^ "John McCain (center) being captured by Vietnamese civilians in Truc Bach Lake near Hanoi Vietnam", Library of Congress (May 26, 2004). Retrieved December 28, 2007.
- ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., 450–451.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 363.
- ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., 452–454.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 95, 118.
- ^ a b McCain, John. "How the POW's Fought Back", U.S. News & World Report (May 14, 1973), reposted in 2008 under title "John McCain, Prisoner of War: A First-Person Account". Retrieved January 29, 2008. Reprinted in Reporting Vietnam, Part Two: American Journalism 1969–1975, The Library of America, 434–463 (1998). ISBN 1-883011-59-0.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 288–306.
- ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 548–549.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 60.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 64.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 489–491.
- ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 510, 537.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 106–107.
- ^ Sterba, James. "P.O.W. Commander Among 108 Freed", The New York Times (March 15, 1973). Retrieved March 28, 2008.
- ^ a b c Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience", Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Back in the USA", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 10, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e Kristof, Nicholas. "P.O.W. to Power Broker, A Chapter Most Telling", The New York Times (February 27, 2000). Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 81.
- ^ a b Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 1, Naval Historical Center. Retrieved May 19, 2008.
- ^ Vartabedian, Ralph. "McCain has long relied on his grit", Los Angeles Times (April 14, 2008). Retrieved September 2, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 123–124.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Arizona, the early years", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Regarding his first marriage, McCain said that he "had not shown the same determination to rebuild (his) personal life" as he had shown in his military career, and that "marriages can be hard to recover after great time and distance have separated a husband and wife. We are different people when we reunite... But my marriage's collapse was attributable to my own selfishness and immaturity more than it was to Vietnam, and I cannot escape blame by pointing a finger at the war. The blame was entirely mine." Retrieved November 21, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Frantz, Douglas, "The 2000 Campaign: The Arizona Ties; A Beer Baron and a Powerful Publisher Put McCain on a Political Path", The New York Times, A14 (February 21, 2000). Retrieved November 29, 2006. Archived October 14, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 132–134.
- ^ a b "McCain Releases His Tax Returns", Associated Press for CBS News (April 18, 2008). Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 135.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David. "Senate's Power and Allure Drew McCain From Military ", The New York Times (May 29, 2008). Retrieved May 29, 2008.
- ^ Leahy, Michael. "Seeing White House From a Cell in Hanoi", The Washington Post (October 13, 2008). Retrieved October 17, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 93.
- ^ Vartabedian, Ralph. "John McCain gets tax-free disability pension", Los Angeles Times (April 22, 2008).
- ^ Gilbertson, Dawn. "McCain, his wealth tied to wife's family beer business", The Arizona Republic (January 23, 2007). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 139.
- ^ Symington would become Governor of Arizona in 1991.
- ^ Thornton, Mary. "Arizona 1st District John McCain", The Washington Post (December 16, 1982). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 143–144.
- ^ "McCain, Clinton Head to Memphis for MLK Anniversary", Washington Wire (blog), The Wall Street Journal (April 3, 2008). Retrieved April 17, 2008.
- ^ "McCain Remarks on Dr. King and Civil Rights", The Washington Post (April 4, 2008): "We can be slow as well to give greatness its due, a mistake I made myself long ago when I voted against a federal holiday in memory of Dr. King. I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support for a state holiday in Arizona." Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 98–99, 104.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 100.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 100–101.
- ^ Tapper, Jake. "McCain returns to the past", Salon (April 27, 2000). Retrieved November 21, 2007.
- ^ Reinhard, Beth. "Blog: McCain met with Pinochet", Naked Politics, Miami Herald (October 24, 2008). Retrieved November 1, 2008.
- ^ Dinges, John. "CIPER Chile » Blog Archive » La desconocida cita entre John McCain y Pinochet", Centro de Investigación e Información Periodística (October 24, 2008). Retrieved October 24, 2008. This source is in the Spanish language.
- ^ "Revelan inédita cita entre McCain y Pinochet en 1985", Los Tiempos (October 25, 2008). Retrieved October 25, 2008. This source is in Spanish.
- ^ "John McCain", The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 147.
- ^ a b Strong, Morgan. "Senator John McCain talks about the challenges of fatherhood", Dadmag.com (June 4, 2000). Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The Senate calls", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 23, 2007.
- ^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant; Cohen, Richard E. The Almanac of American Politics, 2000 (National Journal 1999), 112. ISBN 0-8129-3194-7.
- ^ Becker, Jo; Van Natta, Don. "For McCain and Team, a Host of Ties to Gambling", The New York Times (September 27, 2008). Retrieved September 29, 2008.
- ^ Johnson, Tadd. "Regulatory Issues and Impacts of Gaming in Indian Country", Increasing Understanding of Public Problems and Policies: Proceedings of the 1998 National Public Policy Education Conference, 140–144 (September 1998).
- ^ a b c Sweeney, James. "New rules on Indian gaming face longer odds", The San Diego Union-Tribune (September 11, 2006). Retrieved July 1, 2008.
- ^ Mason, W. Dale. Indian Gaming: Tribal Sovereignty and American Politics (University of Oklahoma Press 2000), 60–64. ISBN 0-8061-3260-4.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 112.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 115–120.
- ^ a b c Abramson, Jill; Mitchell, Alison. "Senate Inquiry In Keating Case Tested McCain", The New York Times (November 21, 1999). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ a b "Excerpts of Statement By Senate Ethics Panel", The New York Times (February 28, 1991). Retrieved April 19, 2008.
- ^ Rasky, Susan. "To Senator McCain, the Savings and Loan Affair Is Now a Personal Demon", The New York Times (December 22, 1989). Retrieved April 19, 2008.
- ^ a b Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The Keating Five", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieval date November 23, 2007.
- ^ a b Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Overcoming scandal, moving on", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 23, 2007.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 150–151.
- ^ a b Dan Balz, "McCain Weighs Options Amid Setbacks", The Washington Post (July 5, 1998) Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 152–154.
- ^ Report of the Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, U.S. Senate (January 13, 1993). Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Walsh, James. "Good Morning, Vietnam", Time (July 24, 1995). Retrieved January 5, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 170–171.
- ^ Farrell, John. "At the center of power, seeking the summit", The Boston Globe (June 21, 2003). Retrieved January 5, 2008.
- ^ McIntire, Mike. "Democracy Group Gives Donors Access to McCain", The New York Times (July 28, 2008). Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ^ Eilperin, Juliet. "McCain Sees Roberts, Alito as Examples", The Trail; A Daily Diary of Campaign 2008, via washingtonpost.com (May 6, 2008). Retrieved July 26, 2008.
- ^ a b Curry, Tom. "McCain takes grim message to South Carolina", MSNBC (April 26, 2007). Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: McCain becomes the 'maverick'", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 190.
- ^ a b c d Maisel, Louis and Buckley, Kara. Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process, 163–166 (Rowman & Littlefield 2004). ISBN 0-7425-2670-4.
- ^ Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. The Almanac of American Politics, 2006 (National Journal 2005), 93–98. ISBN 0-89234-112-2.
- ^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, 327
- ^ Jackson, David. "McCain: Life shaped judgment on use of force", USA Today (March 25, 2008).
- ^ Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998).
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 176–180.
- ^ "Bio: Sen. John McCain", Fox News (January 23, 2003). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 184–187.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 194–195.
- ^ McDonald, Greg. "NATO trains sights on Serb targets: Senate OKs use of force in Balkans", Houston Chronicle (March 24, 1999). Retrieved March 5, 2008.
- ^ "U.S. Senators John McCain and Russell Feingold Share 10th John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award", John F. Kennedy Library Foundation (May 24, 1999). Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' runs", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ Bernstein, Richard. "Books of the Times; Standing Humbly Before a Noble Family Tradition", The New York Times (October 1, 1999). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 194–195.
- ^ "Faith of My Fathers (1999)" (IE only), Books and Authors. Retrieved May 26, 2008.
- ^ Knickerbocker, Brad. "From a Vietnam Prison to the United States Senate", The Christian Science Monitor (September 16, 1999). Retrieved May 27, 2008.
- ^ "McCain formally kicks off campaign", CNN (September 27, 1999). Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ Bruni, Frank. "Quayle, Outspent by Bush, Will Quit Race, Aide Says", The New York Times (September 27, 2000). Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 188–189.
- ^ Harpaz, Beth. The Girls in the Van: Covering Hillary, 86 (St. Martin's Press 2001). ISBN 0-312-30271-1.
- ^ Corn, David. "The McCain Insurgency", The Nation (February 10, 2000). Retrieved January 1, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Confronting Ghosts of 2000 in South Carolina", The New York Times (October 19, 2007). Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ "Dirty Politics 2008", NOW, PBS (January 4, 2008). Retrieved January 6, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 254–255, 262–263.
- ^ Mitchell, Alison. "Bush and McCain Exchange Sharp Words Over Fund-Raising", The New York Times (February 10, 2000). Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 250–251.
- ^ Data for table is from "Favorability: People in the News: John McCain", The Gallup Organization, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 263–266.
- ^ a b Knowlton, Brian. "McCain Licks Wounds After South Carolina Rejects His Candidacy", International Herald Tribune (February 21, 2000). Retrieved January 1, 2008.
- ^ Barone, Michael and Cohen, Richard. The Almanac of American Politics, 2008, 96 (National Journal 2008). ISBN 0-89234-117-3.
- ^ Mitchell, Alison. "McCain Catches Mud, Then Parades It", The New York Times (February 16, 2000). Retrieved January 1, 2008.
- ^ McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "McCain recovers from South Carolina disappointment, wins in Arizona, Michigan", CNN (February 22, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007. Archived February 5, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Excerpt From McCain's Speech on Religious Conservatives", The New York Times (February 29, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ Rothernberg, Stuart. "Stuart Rothernberg: Bush Roars Back; McCain's Hopes Dim", CNN (March 1, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "Gore, Bush post impressive Super Tuesday victories", CNN (March 8, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "Bradley, McCain bow out of party races", CNN (March 9, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ Marks, Peter. "A Ringing Endorsement for Bush", The New York Times (May 14, 2000). Retrieved March 1, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' and President Bush", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c Holan, Angie. "McCain switched on tax cuts", Politifact, St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
- ^ a b Carney, James. "Frenemies: The McCain-Bush Dance", Time (July 16, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 5.
- ^ Edsall, Thomas and Milbank, Dana. "McCain Is Considering Leaving GOP: Arizona Senator Might Launch a Third-Party Challenge to Bush in 2004", The Washington Post (June 2, 2001). Retrieved May 10, 2008. Archived March 8, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cusack, Bob. "Democrats say McCain nearly abandoned GOP", The Hill (March 28, 2007). Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. "After 2000 Run, McCain Learned to Work Levers of Power", The New York Times (July 21, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ McCain, John. "No Substitute for Victory: War is hell. Let's get on with it", The Wall Street Journal (October 26, 2001). Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ "Senate bill would implement 9/11 panel proposals", CNN (September 8, 2004). Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ "Senate Approves Aviation Security, Anti-Terrorism Bills", Online NewsHour, PBS (October 12, 2001). Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 168.
- ^ "Sen. McCain's Interview With Chris Matthews", Hardball with Chris Matthews, MSNBC (March 12, 2003). Via McCain's Senate web site and archive.org. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
- ^ "Newsmaker: Sen. McCain", PBS, NewsHour (November 6, 2003). Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' goes establishment", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved December 23, 2007.
- ^ "Summary of the Lieberman-McCain Climate Stewardship Act", Pew Center on Global Climate Change. Retrieved April 24, 2008. Archived April 11, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Lieberman, McCain Reintroduce Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act", Lieberman Senate web site (January 12, 2007). Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "McCain: I'd 'entertain' Democratic VP slot", Associated Press for USA Today (March 10, 2004). Retrieved May 6, 2008.
- ^ a b Halbfinger, David. "McCain Is Said To Tell Kerry He Won't Join", The New York Times (June 12, 2004). Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Balz, Dan and VandeHei, Jim. "McCain's Resistance Doesn't Stop Talk of Kerry Dream Ticket", The Washington Post (June 12, 2004). Retrieved January 18, 2008.
- ^ "Kerry wants to boost child-care credit", Associated Press via MSNBC (June 16, 2004). Retrieved March 8, 2008.
- ^ a b Loughlin, Sean. "McCain praises Bush as 'tested'", CNN (August 30, 2004). Retrieved November 14, 2007.
- ^ Coile, Zachary. "Vets group attacks Kerry; McCain defends Democrat", San Francisco Chronicle (August 6, 2004). Retrieved August 15, 2006.
- ^ "Election 2004: U.S. Senate – Arizona – Exit Poll", CNN. Retrieved December 23, 2007.
- ^ "Senators compromise on filibusters; Bipartisan group agrees to vote to end debate on 3 nominees", CNN (May 24, 2005). Retrieved March 16, 2008.
- ^ Hulse, Carl. "Distrust of McCain Lingers Over '05 Deal on Judges", The New York Times (February 25, 2008). Retrieved March 16, 2008.
- ^ Preston, Julia. "Grass Roots Roared and Immigration Plan Collapsed", The New York Times (July 10, 2007). Retrieved July 27, 2008.
- ^ "Why the Senate Immigration Bill Failed", Rasmussen Reports (June 8, 2007). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Schmidt, Susan; Grimaldi, James. "Panel Says Abramoff Laundered Tribal Funds; McCain Cites Possible Fraud by Lobbyist", The Washington Post (June 23, 2005). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Anderson, John. Follow the Money (Simon and Schuster 2007), 254. ISBN 0-7432-8643-X.
- ^ Butterfield, Fox. "Indians' Wish List: Big-City Sites for Casinos", The New York Times (April 8, 2005).
- ^ "Roll Call Votes 109th Congress – 1st Session on the Amendment (McCain Amdt. No. 1977)", United States Senate (October 5, 2005). Retrieved August 15, 2006.
- ^ "Senate ignores veto threat in limiting detainee treatment", CNN (October 6, 2005). Retrieved January 2, 2008.
- ^ "McCain, Bush agree on torture ban", CNN (December 15, 2005). Retrieved August 16, 2006.
- ^ Calabresi, Massimo and Bacon Jr., Perry. "America's 10 Best Senators", "John McCain: The Mainstreamer", Time (April 16, 2006). Retrieved August 14, 2008.
- ^ a b Eggen, Dan and Shear, Michael. "Vote Against Waterboarding Bill Called Consistent", The Washington Post (February 16, 2008): "[T]he aide said, there are noncoercive interrogation techniques not used by the Army that could be useful to the CIA." Retrieved June 9, 2008.
- ^ Ricks, Thomas. Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq 412 (Penguin Press 2006). ISBN 1-59420-103-X.
- ^ Baldor, Lolita. "McCain Defends Bush's Iraq Strategy"[dead link], Associated Press via CBS News (January 12, 2007). Retrieved January 13, 2007. Archived at Wayback Machine.
- ^ Giroux, Greg. "'Move On' Takes Aim at McCain's Iraq Stance", The New York Times (January 17, 2007). Retrieved January 18, 2008.
- ^ Carney, James. "The Resurrection of John McCain", Time (January 23, 2008). Retrieved February 1, 2008.
- ^ Crawford, Jamie. "Iraq won't change McCain", CNN (July 28, 2007). Retrieved January 18, 2008.
- ^ "McCain arrives in Baghdad", CNN (March 16, 2008). Retrieved March 16, 2008.
- ^ "McCain launches White House bid", BBC News (April 25, 2007). Retrieved May 15, 2008.
- ^ "Remarks as Prepared for Delivery: Senator McCain's Announcement Speech", USA Today (April 25, 2007). Retrieved May 18, 2008.
- ^ Balz, Dan. "For Possible '08 Run, McCain Is Courting Bush Loyalists", The Washington Post (February 12, 2006). Retrieved August 15, 2006.
- ^ Birnbaum, Jeffrey and Solomon, John. "McCain's Unlikely Ties to K Street", The Washington Post (December 31, 2007). Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. and Pilhofer, Aron. "McCain Lags in Income, but Excels in Spending", The New York Times (April 15, 2007). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ "McCain lags in fundraising, cuts staff", CNN (July 2, 2007). Retrieved July 6, 2007.
- ^ a b "Lagging in Fundraising, McCain Reorganizes Staff", NPR (July 2, 2007). Retrieved July 6, 2007.
- ^ Sidoti, Liz. "McCain Campaign Suffers Key Shakeups", Associated Press via Breitbart.com (July 10, 2007). Retrieved July 15, 2007.
- ^ a b Boshart, Rod. "McCain says he's underdog in Iowa during State Fair visit", The Gazette (August 8, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Martin, Jonathan. "McCain's comeback plan", The Politico (July 19, 2007). Retrieved December 12, 2007.
- ^ Witosky, Tom. "McCain sees resurgence in his run for president", The Des Moines Register (December 17, 2007). Retrieved December 29, 2007.
- ^ Sinderbrand, Rebecca. "McCain, Clinton win Concord Monitor endorsements", CNN (December 29, 2007). Retrieved December 29, 2007.
- ^ "Lieberman: McCain can reunite our country", CNN (December 17, 2007). Retrieved June 26, 2008.
- ^ Lieberman, Joseph. "Joe Lieberman: McCain for President", New York Post (February 3, 2008): "Joe Lieberman is an independent Democratic senator from Connecticut." Retrieved June 26, 2008.
- ^ "CNN: McCain wins New Hampshire GOP primary", CNN (January 8, 2008). Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Jones, Tim; Anderson, Lisa. "Moderates flock to McCain in S.C.; 2nd-place finish deals blow for Huckabee", Chicago Tribune (January 20, 2008). Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- ^ "Thompson Quits US Presidential Race", Reuters (January 22, 2008). Retrieved June 2, 2008.
- ^ "McCain wins Florida, Giuliani expected to drop out", CNN (January 29, 2008). Retrieved January 29, 2008.
- ^ Holland, Steve. "Giuliani, Edwards quit White House Race", Reuters (January 30, 2008). Retrieved January 30, 2008.
- ^ Sidoti, Liz. "Romney Suspends Presidential Campaign", Associated Press via Breitbart.com (February 7, 2008). Retrieved May 19, 2008.
- ^ "McCain wins key primaries, CNN projects; McCain clinches nod", CNN (March 4, 2008). Retrieved March 4, 2008.
- ^ "Lawyers Conclude McCain Is "Natural Born", Associated Press via CBS News (March 28, 2008). Retrieved May 23, 2008.
- ^ Dobbs, Michael. "McCain's Birth Abroad Stirs Legal Debate", The Washington Post (May 2, 2008). Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ Bash, Dana. "With McCain, 72 is the new... 69?", CNN (September 4, 2006). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ "Presidential Inaugural Facts", The Miami Herald (January 20, 1985). Excerpt via Google News. Retrieved March 30, 2008. Ronald Reagan was 73 years and 350 days old at his second inauguration.
- ^ McCain, John. Interview transcript. Meet the Press via MSNBC (June 19, 2005). Retrieved November 14, 2006.
- ^ a b Altman, Lawrence. "On the Campaign Trail, Few Mentions of McCain's Bout With Melanoma", The New York Times (March 9, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ "Medical records show McCain is in good health" International Herald Tribune (May 23, 2008). Retrieved on May 23, 2008.
- ^ Page, Susan. "McCain runs strong as Democrats battle on" USA Today (April 28, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ "McCain tells his story to voters" CNN (March 31, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Luo, Michael and Palmer, Griff. "McCain Faces Test in Wooing Elite Donors", The New York Times (March 31, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Cindy McCain had $6 million income in 2006", Associated Press via USA Today (May 24, 2008). Retrieved May 24, 2008.
- ^ Shear, Michael. "A Fifth Top Aide To McCain Resigns", The Washington Post (May 19, 2008). Retrieved June 4, 2008.
- ^ Kammer, Jerry. "Lobbyists on John McCain's Team Facing Some New Rules", The Arizona Republic (May 26, 2008). Retrieved June 4, 2008.
- ^ Pickler, Nedra. "McCain, Obama fail to agree on town halls"[dead link], Associated Press via ABC News (June 13, 2008). Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ Balz, Dan and Shear, Michael D. "McCain Puts New Strategist Atop Campaign", The Washington Post (July 3, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ "General Election: McCain vs. Obama", Real Clear Politics. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ a b "McCain Predicts 'Underdog' Win in Final 48 Hours", Fox News (June 27, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008. Archived August 3, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Wayne, Leslie. "McCain Raised $27 Million in July", The New York Times (August 15, 2008). Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ^ Barr, Andy. "Obama passes 2 million donors", The Hill (August 14, 2008). Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ^ Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Analysis: McCain tries to sow doubts about Obama", Associated Press for USA Today (July 31, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ "McCain taps Alaska Gov. Palin as vice president pick", CNN (August 29, 2008). Retrieved August 29, 2008.
- ^ Berman, Russell. "McCain-Palin Surging in the Polls", The New York Sun (September 9, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ Nagourney, Adam. "In Election's Wake, Campaigns Offer a Peek at What Really Happened", The New York Times (December 9, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ Cohen, Jon and Agiesta, Jennifer. "Perceptions of Palin Grow Increasingly Negative, Poll Says", The Washington Post (October 25, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ Fouhy, Beth. "Obama rejects McCain's call to delay debate", Associated Press for The Times-Tribune (Scranton) (September 24, 2008). Retrieved September 24, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ "John McCain Statement: 'Suspending' His Campaign", ABC News (September 24, 2008).
- ^ Weisman, Jonathan. "How McCain Stirred a Simmering Pot", The Washington Post (September 27, 2008). Retrieved September 27, 2008. "In truth, McCain's dramatic announcement Wednesday that he would suspend his campaign and come to Washington for the bailout talks had wide repercussions."
- ^ Stolberg, Cheryl Gay and Bumiller, Elisabeth. "A Balancing Act as McCain Faces a Divided Party and a Skeptical Public", The New York Times (September 26, 2008). Retrieved September 27, 2008. "His greatest contribution," Mr. Bachus said, "was returning to Washington and standing up for Republicans who were refusing to be stampeded."
- ^ "McCain To Attend Debate, Resume Campaign", RTTNews (September 26, 2008). Retrieved September 26, 2008.
- ^ "Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package", NY1 News (October 1, 2008). Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ Steinhauser, Paul. "Obama picks up second debate win, poll says", CNN (October 8, 2008). Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ Daniel, Douglass. "Obama backs away from McCain's debate challenge", Associated Press via Houston Chronicle (August 2, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ Drogin, Bob and Barabak, Mark Z. "John McCain compares Barack Obama's policies to socialism", Los Angeles Times (October 18, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "In Ohio, McCain Is Everywhere Even if Joe the Plumber Isn't", The New York Times (October 30, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ Smith, Ben. "McCain pollster: Wright wouldn't have worked", Politico (December 11, 2008). Retrieved December 30, 2008.
- ^ Johnson, Alex. "McCain hammers Obama on Ayers ties", MSNBC (October 23, 2008). Retrieved January 1, 2009.
- ^ Rutenberg, Jim. "Nearing Record, Obama's Ad Effort Swamps McCain", The New York Times (October 17, 2008). Retrieved December 30, 2008.
- ^ a b "Transcript: McCain concedes presidency", CNN (November 4, 2008).
- ^ Franke-Ruta, Garance. "McCain Takes Missouri", The Washington Post (November 19, 2008). Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ a b "President – Election Center 2008", CNN. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ Mooney, Alexander. "McCain may face bumpy shift from White House run", CNN (November 18, 2008). Retrieved November 21, 2008.
- ^ Tapper, Jake. "Obama, McCain Meet While Bill Speaks About Hillary", ABC News (November 17, 2008). Retrieved November 21, 2008.
- ^ Cillizza, Chris. "McCain's Next Step: Re-Election in 2010", The Washington Post (November 19, 2008). Retrieved November 21, 2008.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. "Obama Reaches Out for McCain's Counsel", The New York Times (January 19, 2009). Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ Brune, Tom. "Obama speech strong but anti-climatic", Newsday (January 20, 2009). Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ Hulse, Carl and Herszenhorn, David M. "Senators Reach Deal on Stimulus Plan as Jobs Vanish", The New York Times (February 6, 2009). Retrieved February 7, 2009.
- ^ O'Donnell, Kelly and Montanaro, Domenico. "McCain to vote against Sotomayor", NBC News (August 3, 2009). Retrieved August 22, 2009.
- ^ Giroux, Greg. "McCain: Maverick No More?", CQ Politics (August 19, 2009). Retrieved August 22, 2009.
- ^ McCain, John and others. "Only Decisive Force Can Prevail in Afghanistan", The Wall Street Journal (September 13, 2009). Retrieved November 17, 2009.
- ^ a b c d Newton-Small, Jay. "John McCain: Can He Mend Fences with the Right?", Time (October 8, 2009). Retrieved November 20, 2009. In print magazine as "Voice in the Wilderness", October 19, 2009.
- ^ a b Lerer, Lisa. "John McCain slams 'horrendous' climate bill", Politico (November 19, 2009). Retrieved November 20, 2009.
- ^ Shane, Leo, III, "'Don't ask, don't tell' reversal measure falters in Senate", Stars and Stripes, September 21, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ^ a b Steinhauer, Jennifer. "From Right of Radio Dial, Challenge to McCain", The New York Times (February 9, 2010). Retrieved February 13, 2010.
- ^ a b c Slevin, Peter. "Hard line on immigration marks GOP race in Arizona", The Washington Post (May 22, 2010). Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- ^ Margolick, David. "The McCain Mutiny", Newsweek (April 3, 2010). Retrieved April 6, 2010.
- ^ O'Brien, Michael. "McCain: Don't expect GOP cooperation on legislation for the rest of this year", The Hill (March 22, 2010). Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ^ Good, Chris. "McCain Defends Arizona's Immigration Law", The Atlantic (April 26, 2010). Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- ^ "The 2010 Results Map – Senate – 2010 – AZ", Politico (August 25, 2010). Retrieved August 25, 2010.
- ^ "McCain, Republicans sweep statewides", Phoenix Business Journal (November 3, 2010). Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ a b Milbank, Dana. "John McCain at his fieriest before 'don't ask, don't tell' vote", The Washington Post (December 18, 2010). Retrieved December 26, 2010.
- ^ "McCain Says the Time for Mubarak to Leave Has Come", Associated Press, ABC News (February 3, 2011). Retrieved May 22, 2011.
- ^ "McCain: Libyan rebels are 'my heroes'", CBS News (April 22, 2011). Retrieved May 11, 2011.
- ^ "McCain says he's worried about Pentagon budget, but will 'swallow hard' and vote for debt deal", Associated Press, The Washington Post (August 1, 2011). Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Barett, Ted. "Senate passes defense bill with detainee policy compromise", CNN (December 2, 2011). Retrieved December 3, 2011.
- ^ Gerstein, Josh. "Defense bill revised in bid to avoid veto", Politico (December 12, 2011). Retrieved December 26, 2011.
- ^ Chabot, Hillary. "John McCain: Close curtain on GOP 'Greek tragedy'", Boston Herald (February 28, 2012). Retrieved March 7, 2012.
- ^ a b Chart is built from current year and past year ratings found at the ratings sections of the websites of the American Conservative Union and Americans for Democratic Action.
- ^ Mayer, William. "Kerry's Record Rings a Bell", The Washington Post (March 28, 2004). Retrieved May 12, 2008: "The question of how to measure a senator's or representative's ideology is one that political scientists regularly need to answer. For more than 30 years, the standard method for gauging ideology has been to use the annual ratings of lawmakers' votes by various interest groups, notably the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) and the American Conservative Union (ACU)."
- ^ "2010 U.S. Senate Votes", American Conservative Union. Retrieved May 21, 2011. Lifetime rating is given."The ADA 2010 Voting Record", Americans for Democratic Action. Retrieved May 21, 2011. Average includes all years beginning with 1983 in House, collected from various parts of ADA website and calculated on spreadsheet.
- ^ Barone, Michael and Cohen, Richard. The Almanac of American Politics, 2008 (Washington, D.C.: National Journal group, 2008, ISBN 0-89234-117-3), page 95. (National Journal's methodology and criteria are explained in the "Guide to Usage on pages 15-16.) In 2005, the economic ratings were 52 percent conservative and 47 percent liberal, the social ratings 64% conservative and 23% liberal, and the foreign ratings 54 / 45. In 2006, the economic ratings were 64 / 35, the social 46 / 53, and the foreign 58 / 40.
- ^ Robb, Robert. "Is McCain a conservative?", RealClearPolitics (February 1, 2008). Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- ^ Continetti, Matthew. "Not your dad's Republicans"[dead link], Los Angeles Times (March 6, 2008). Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- ^ Condon, Stephanie. "John McCain ranked most conservative senator in 2010" CBS News (February 24, 2011). Retrieved February 26, 2011.
- ^ Kimball, Richard. "Program History", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved May 20, 2008. Also see Nintzel, Jim. "Test Study: Why are politicians like John McCain suddenly so afraid of Project Vote Smart?", Tucson Weekly (April 17, 2008). Retrieved May 21, 2008. Also see Stein, Jonathan. "Senator Straight Talk Won't Go on the Record with Project Vote Smart", Mother Jones (April 7, 2008). Retrieved May 21, 2008.
- ^ "Senator John Sidney McCain III (AZ)", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved May 20, 2008. Non-partisan information about McCain's issue positions is also provided online by other sources. See, e.g., "John McCain on the Issues", OnTheIssues. Retrieved May 18, 2008.
- ^ "Issues", McCain's official Senate web site. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
- ^ "The Taxpayer Protection Pledge Signers 112th Congressional List". Americans for Tax Reform. http://s3.amazonaws.com/atrfiles/files/files/091411-federalpledgesigners.pdf. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
- ^ a b Brooks, David. "The Character Factor", The New York Times (November 13, 2007). Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ Mitchell, Josh. "Military Veterans step up for John McCain", The Baltimore Sun (February 5, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Keller, Julia. "Me? A bad temper? Why, I oughta ...", Chicago Tribune (May 1, 2008): "Anecdotes about McCain's short fuse—dashing off nasty letters, manhandling colleagues when they oppose him—have popped up in recent profiles. Conversely, though, we also want people in public life to be passionate and engaged. We want them to be fiery and feisty. We like them to care enough to blow their stacks every once in a while. Otherwise, we question the sincerity of their convictions." Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Jacobson, Gary. "Partisan Differences in Job Approval Ratings of George W. Bush and U.S. Senators in the States: An Exploration", Paper presented at annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 2006.
- ^ a b Hunt, Albert. "John McCain and Russell Feingold" in Profiles in Courage for Our Time, 256 (Kennedy, Caroline ed., Hyperion 2003): "The hero is indispensable to the McCain persona." ISBN 0-7868-8678-1.
- ^ Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience", Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2008. The surgery took place in 2000.
- ^ Simon, Roger. "McCain's Health and Age Present Campaign Challenge", The Politico (January 27, 2007). Retrieved November 23, 2007.
- ^ Lewis, Michael, "I Liked a Pol", The New York Times Magazine (November 21, 1999) Retrieved July 2, 2008.
- ^ Margolick, David, "The McCain Mutiny", Newsweek (April 2, 2010). Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ Fallows, James, "The Mystery of John McCain", The Atlantic (December 3, 2010). Retrieved May 21, 2011.
- ^ O'Dowd, Niall, "John McCain a sad figure as he loses all that made him great and an American original", Irish Central (December 18, 2010). Retrieved May 21, 2011.
- ^ Purdum, Todd S., "The Man Who Never Was", Vanity Fair (November 2010). Retrieved May 21, 2011.
- ^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, xvii: "God has given me heart enough for my ambitions, but too little forbearance to pursue them by routes other than a straight line."
- ^ Milbank, Dana. "A Candidate's Lucky Charms", The Washington Post (February 19, 2000). Retrieved April 8, 2006.
- ^ Campanille, Carl. "'Like to Hike' McC Loves Uphill Climb, Stays Fit in Ariz. Outdoors", New York Post (March 10, 2008). Retrieved May 19, 2008.
- ^ Corn, David. "A joke too bad to print?", Salon.com (June 25, 1998). Retrieved August 16, 2006. Chelsea Clinton is the daughter of Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. In 1998, Janet Reno was the Attorney General of the United States.
- ^ Pilkington, Ed. "The joke that should have sunk McCain", The Guardian (September 2, 2008). Retrieved September 3, 2008.
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 194.
- ^ Gerhart, Ann; Groer, Annie. "The Reliable Source", The Washington Post (June 16, 1998). Retrieved May 24, 2008.
- ^ Dowd, Maureen. "The Joke's On Him", The New York Times (June 21, 1998). Retrieved April 2, 2008.
- ^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 23.
- ^ "Best and Worst of Congress", Washingtonian, September 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
- ^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 21–22.
- ^ Zengerle, Jason. "Papa John", The New Republic (April 23, 2008). Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ "A Conversation About What's Worth the Fight", Newsweek (March 29, 2008): "I have — although certainly not in recent years — lost my temper and said intemperate things... I feel passionately about issues, and the day that passion goes away is the day I will go down to the old soldiers' home and find my rocking chair." Retrieved May 10, 2008. Archived April 5, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "On The Hustings – April 21, 2008", The New York Sun (April 21, 2008): "I am very happy to be a passionate man... many times I deal passionately when I find things that are not in the best interests of the American people. And so, look, 20, 25 years ago, 15 years ago, that's fine, and those stories here are either totally untrue or grossly exaggerated." Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Renshon, Stanley. "The Comparative Psychoanalytic Study of Political Leaders: John McCain and the Limits of Trait Psychology" in Profiling Political Leaders: Cross-cultural Studies of Personality and Behavior, 245 (Feldman and Valenty eds., Greenwood Publishing 2001): "McCain was not the only candidate or leader to have a temper." ISBN 0-275-97036-1.
- ^ Coleman, Michael. "Domenici Knows McCain Temper", Albuquerque Journal, Online Edition (April 27, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ a b c Kranish, Michael. "Famed McCain temper is tamed", The Boston Globe (January 27, 2008). Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Kane, Paul. "GOP Senators Reassess Views About McCain", The Washington Post (February 4, 2008): "the past few years have seen fewer McCain outbursts, prompting some senators and aides to suggest privately that he is working to control his temper." Retrieved May 10, 2008.
- ^ Novak, Robert. "A Pork Baron Strikes Back", The Washington Post (February 7, 2008). Retrieved May 4, 2008.
- ^ Leahy, Michael. "McCain: A Question of Temperament", The Washington Post (April 20, 2008). ("Cornyn is now a McCain supporter, as is Republican Sen. Thad Cochran of Mississippi, himself a past target of McCain's sharp tongue, especially over what McCain regarded as Cochran's hunger for pork-barrel projects in his state. Cochran landed in newspapers early during the campaign after declaring that the thought of McCain in the Oval Office 'sends a cold chill down my spine.'") Retrieved April 28, 2008. McCain aide Mark Salter challenged the accuracy of some other elements of Leahy's article; see "McCain's Temper, Ctd.", National Review Online (April 20, 2008). Retrieved May 4, 2008.
- ^ Raju, Manu. "McCain reaches out to GOP senators with weekly meetings", The Hill (April 30, 2008). Retrieved May 4, 2008
- ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 144–145.
- ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "Two McCain Moments, Rarely Mentioned", The New York Times (March 24, 2008). Retrieved March 24, 2008.
- ^ Tilghman, Andrew. "McCain win might stop sons from deploying", Navy Times (March 10, 2008). Retrieved March 28, 2008.
- ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Obama Is Embraced at Annapolis", The New York Times (May 23, 2009). Retrieved May 25, 2009.
- ^ Parker, Kathleen. "Another McCain Throws Down a Challenge", The Washington Post (March 25, 2009). Retrieved May 25, 2009.
- ^ Tobin, Frances. "Is Meghan McCain, Miss Maverick, Undermining Her Daddy?", Politics Daily (February 10, 2010). Retrieved February 27, 2010.
Bibliography[link]
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This article is part of a series about the life of John McCain |
John McCain
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|---|---|---|
| Early life and military career House and Senate career until 2000 2000 Presidential primaries campaign Senate career, 2001–present 2008 McCain-Palin campaign Cultural and political image Political positions |
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- Alexander, Paul. Man of the People: The Life of John McCain (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey 2002). ISBN 0-471-22829-X.
- Brock, David and Waldman, Paul. Free Ride: John McCain and the Media (Anchor Books 2008). ISBN 0-307-27940-5.
- Drew, Elizabeth. Citizen McCain (Simon & Schuster 2002). ISBN 0-641-57240-9.
- Feinberg, Barbara. John McCain: Serving His Country (Millbrook Press 2000). ISBN 0-7613-1974-3.
- Hubbell, John G. P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-Of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973 (Reader's Digest Press, New York 1976). ISBN 0-88349-091-9.
- Karaagac, John. John McCain: An Essay in Military and Political History (Lexington Books 2000). ISBN 0-7391-0171-4.
- McCain, John and Salter, Mark, Faith of My Fathers (Random House, New York 1999). ISBN 0-375-50191-6.
- McCain, John and Salter, Mark. Worth the Fighting For (Random House, New York 2002). ISBN 0-375-50542-3.
- Rochester, Stuart I. and Kiley, Frederick. Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973 (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland 1999). ISBN 1-55750-694-9.
- Schecter, Cliff. The Real McCain: Why Conservatives Don't Trust Him and Why Independents Shouldn't (PoliPoint Press 2008). ISBN 0-9794822-9-1.
- Timberg, Robert. John McCain: An American Odyssey (Touchstone Books, New York 1999). ISBN 0-684-86794-X. Chapter 1 available online.
- Timberg, Robert. The Nightingale's Song (Simon & Schuster, New York 1996). ISBN 0-684-80301-1. Chapter 1 available online.
- Welch, Matt. McCain: The Myth of a Maverick (Palgrave Macmillan 2007). ISBN 0-230-60396-3.
External links[link]
| Find more about John McCain on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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- Senator John McCain official U.S. Senate site
- John McCain for Senate official campaign site
- John McCain at Twitter
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Congressional profile at GovTrack
- Congressional profile at OpenCongress
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Current Bills Sponsored at StateSurge.com
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances on Charlie Rose
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Works by or about John McCain in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- John McCain's Navy Records some of his records released by the United States Navy
- John McCain at the Open Directory Project
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| Representatives to the 98th–112th United States Congresses from Arizona (ordered by seniority) | ||
|---|---|---|
| 98th | Senate: B. Goldwater | D. DeConcini | House: M. Udall | E. Rudd | B. Stump | J. McCain | J. McNulty |
| 99th | Senate: B. Goldwater | D. DeConcini | House: M. Udall | E. Rudd | B. Stump | J. McCain | J. Kolbe |
| 100th | Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain | House: M. Udall | B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | J. J. Rhodes III |
| 101st | Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain | House: M. Udall | B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | J. J. Rhodes III |
| 102nd | Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain | House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | J. J. Rhodes III | E. Pastor |
| 103rd | Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain | House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | E. Pastor | S. Coppersmith | K. English |
| 104th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | M. Salmon | J. Shadegg |
| 105th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | M. Salmon | J. Shadegg |
| 106th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | M. Salmon | J. Shadegg |
| 107th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | J. Shadegg | J. Flake |
| 108th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | J. Shadegg | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | R. Renzi |
| 109th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | J. Shadegg | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | R. Renzi |
| 110th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: E. Pastor | J. Shadegg | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | R. Renzi | G. Giffords | H. Mitchell |
| 111th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: E. Pastor | J. Shadegg | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | G. Giffords | H. Mitchell | A. Kirkpatrick |
| 112th | Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl | House: E. Pastor | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | G. Giffords | P. Gosar | B. Quayle | D. Schweikert |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | McCain, John |
| Alternative names | McCain, John Sidney, III (full name) |
| Short description | U.S. Senator from Arizona; 2008 Republican Presidential nominee |
| Date of birth | 1936-08-29 |
| Place of birth | U.S. Panama Canal Zone |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Joe Lieberman | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| United States Senator from Connecticut |
|
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 1989 Serving with Richard Blumenthal |
|
| Preceded by | Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. |
| Chairman of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs |
|
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 4, 2007 |
|
| Preceded by | Susan Collins |
| In office June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 |
|
| Preceded by | Fred Thompson |
| Succeeded by | Susan Collins |
| In office January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001 |
|
| Preceded by | Fred Thompson |
| Succeeded by | Fred Thompson |
| 20th Connecticut Attorney General | |
| In office January 5, 1983 – January 3, 1989 |
|
| Governor | William A. O'Neill |
| Preceded by | Carl R. Ajello |
| Succeeded by | Clarine Nardi Riddle |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Joseph Isadore Lieberman (1942-02-24) February 24, 1942 (age 70) Stamford, Connecticut |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Independent Democratic (2006–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
Democratic (1989–2006) |
| Spouse(s) | 1) Elizabeth Haas (div.) 2) Hadassah Lieberman |
| Children | 4 |
| Residence | New Haven, Connecticut |
| Alma mater | Yale University (A.B.) Yale Law School (LL.B.) |
| Profession | Politician, Lawyer |
| Religion | Modern Orthodox Judaism[1] |
| Signature |  |
| Website | lieberman.senate.gov |
Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is the senior United States Senator from Connecticut. A former member of the Democratic Party, he was the party's nominee for Vice President in the 2000 election. Currently an independent, he remains closely affiliated with the party.
Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Lieberman is a graduate of Yale University and Yale Law School. He was elected as a "reform Democrat" in 1970 to the Connecticut Senate, where he served three terms as Majority Leader. After an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980, he served as state Attorney General from 1983 to 1989. Lieberman defeated moderate Republican Lowell Weicker in 1988 to win election to the United States Senate and was re-elected in 1994 and 2000. In the 2000 United States presidential election, Lieberman was the Democratic nominee for Vice President, running with presidential nominee Al Gore, becoming the first Jewish candidate on a major American political party presidential ticket.[2] He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2004 presidential election.
During his re-election bid in 2006, he lost the Democratic Party primary election but won re-election in the general election as a third party candidate under the party label "Connecticut for Lieberman". Lieberman himself is not a member of the Connecticut for Lieberman party; he is a registered Democrat.[3]
Lieberman was officially listed in Senate records for the 110th and 111th Congresses as an "Independent Democrat"[4] and sits as part of the Senate Democratic Caucus. But since his speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention in which he endorsed John McCain for president, Lieberman no longer attends Democratic Caucus leadership strategy meetings or policy lunches.[5] On November 5, 2008, Lieberman met with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid to discuss his future role with the Democratic Party. Ultimately, the Senate Democratic Caucus voted to allow Lieberman to keep chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Subsequently, Lieberman announced that he will continue to caucus with the Democrats.[6]
As Senator he led the historic and ultimately successful effort to repeal the Don't Ask Don't Tell military policy that barred homosexuals from openly serving in the military, by introducing and championing the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010.[7] He is also known for championing and introducing the legislation that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Lieberman has scored many legislative successes and has been a leading advocate in efforts to fight against Global Warming, Bioterrorism, and Cyberterrorism; as well as successfully reforming and updating FEMA.[8]
Lieberman announced in January 2011 that he will not seek re-election in 2012.[9]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Lieberman was born in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Marcia (née Manger) and Henry Lieberman. His paternal grandparents emigrated from Poland and his maternal grandparents were from Austria.[10] He received an A.B. in both political science and economics from Yale University in 1964 and was the first member of his family to graduate from college. At Yale he was editor of the Yale Daily News and a member of the Elihu Club. He later attended Yale Law School, receiving his law degree in 1967. After graduation from law school, Lieberman worked as a lawyer for the New Haven-based law firm Wiggin & Dana LLP.
A spokesperson told The Hartford Courant in 1994 that Lieberman received an educational deferment from the Vietnam War draft when he was an undergraduate and law student from 1960 to 1967. Upon graduating from law school at age 25, Lieberman qualified for a family deferment because he was already married and had one child, Matt.[11]
Personal life[link]
Lieberman met his first wife, Betty Haas, at the congressional office of Senator Abraham Ribicoff (D-CT), where they worked as summer student interns. They married in 1965 while Joe Lieberman was in law school. They had two children – Matt and Rebecca. Betty, who is also Jewish, later worked as a psychiatric social worker. In 1981, the couple divorced. When asked about the divorce in an interview with New York Magazine, Lieberman said, "one of the differences we had was in levels of religious observance," adding, "I'm convinced if that was the only difference, we wouldn't have gotten divorced."[12]
In 1982, he met his second wife, Hadassah Freilich Tucker, while he was running for Attorney General of Connecticut. Hadassah Lieberman is the child of a Holocaust survivor. According to Washington Jewish Week, Lieberman called her for a date because he thought it would be interesting to go out with someone named Hadassah. (Hadassah is the name of the Women's Zionist Organization of America).[13] Since March 2005, Hadassah Lieberman has worked for Hill & Knowlton, a lobbying firm based in New York City, as a senior counselor in its health and pharmaceuticals practice. She has held senior positions at the Hospital of Saint Raphael in New Haven, the American Committee for Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO), Pfizer, National Research Council, Hoffmann-La Roche, and Lehman Brothers.[14]
Joe and Hadassah Lieberman have a daughter, Hani. Lieberman also has a stepson from Hadassah's previous marriage, Ethan Tucker. Matt Lieberman graduated from Yale University in 1989, and from Yale Law School in 1994. He is former Head of School of Greenfield Hebrew Academy in Atlanta, GA. Rebecca Lieberman graduated from Barnard College in 1991, and from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1997. She is married to Jacob Wisse. Ethan Tucker, son of Gordon Tucker, graduated from Harvard College in 1997 and received his rabbinic ordination from the Chief Rabbinate of Israel. Lieberman is also related to Disney Channel star Raviv Ullman of Phil of the Future.[15]
Lieberman describes himself as an "observant" Jew.[1] In 1965 he married Betty Haas, a Reform Jew. Since the death in 1967 of Lieberman's grandmother, a deeply religious immigrant, he found renewed interest in religious observance. His second wife, Hadassah, is also an observant Modern Orthodox Jew. "Hadassah calls herself my right wing," says Lieberman.[12] In Lieberman's 1988 upset of Republican Party incumbent Senator Lowell Weicker, his religious observance was mostly viewed in terms of inability to campaign on Shabbat. This changed when Gore chose Lieberman as the running mate; a Lieberman press officer who spoke on condition of anonymity said:
"He refers to himself as observant, as opposed to Orthodox, because he doesn't follow the strict Orthodox code and doesn't want to offend the Orthodox, and his wife feels the same way."[16]
The Liebermans keep a kosher home and observe Shabbat.[16]
Lieberman has said that there is currently "a constitutional place for faith in our public life", and that the Constitution does not provide for "freedom from religion."[17] He attends Kesher Israel Congregation in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. and Beth Hamedrosh Hagodol – B'nai Israel, The Westville Synagogue, New Haven, Connecticut. He also attends Congregation Agudath Sholom in Stamford.
He was the first observant Jew to run on a major party Presidential ticket. (1964 Presidential candidate Barry Goldwater's father was Jewish, but Sen. Goldwater's mother was an Episcopalian, and the Senator practiced his mother's faith.)
Early political career[link]
Lieberman was elected as a "reform Democrat" to the Connecticut Senate in 1970, where he served for 10 years, including the last six as Majority Leader. He suffered his first defeat in Connecticut elections in the Reagan landslide year of 1980, losing the race for the Third District Congressional seat to Republican Lawrence Joseph DeNardis, a state senator from suburban Hamden with whom he had worked closely on bipartisan legislative efforts. In 1981 he wrote an admiring biography of long-time Connecticut and national Democratic leader John Moran Bailey, reviewing also in the book the previous 50 years of Connecticut political history.[18] From 1983 to 1989, he served as Connecticut Attorney General.[19] In the 1986 general election, Lieberman won more votes than any other Democrat on the statewide ticket, including Governor William O'Neill.[20] As Attorney General, Lieberman emphasized consumer protection and environmental enforcement.
U.S. Senate[link]
Tenure[link]
In 1988, Lieberman defeated moderate Republican Lowell Weicker to win election to the United States Senate and was re-elected in 1994 and 2000. Like Bill Clinton and Dick Gephardt, Lieberman served as chair of the Democratic Leadership Council.
Lieberman was first elected to the United States Senate as a Democrat in the 1988 election, by a margin of 10,000 votes. He scored the nation's biggest political upset that year, after being backed by a coalition of Democrats and unaffiliated voters with support from conservative Republicans, who were disappointed in three-term Republican incumbent Lowell Weicker's moderate voting record and personal style. During the campaign, he received support from the Connecticut's Cuban-American community which was unhappy with Weicker. Lieberman has since remained firmly anti-Castro.[21] Six years later, Lieberman made history by winning by the largest landslide ever in a Connecticut Senate race, drawing 67 percent of the vote and beating his opponent by more than 350,000 votes.
In 1998, Lieberman was the first prominent Democrat to publicly challenge Bill Clinton for the judgment exercised in his affair with Monica Lewinsky.[22] However, he voted against removing Clinton from office by impeachment. In 2000, while concurrently running for the vice presidency, Lieberman was elected to a third Senate term with 64 percent of the vote easily defeating the Republican Philip Giordano.
When control of the Senate switched from Republicans to Democrats in June 2001, Lieberman became Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, with oversight responsibilities for a broad range of government activities. He was also a member of the Environment and Public Works Committee and chair of its Subcommittee Clean Air, Wetlands and Private Property; the Armed Services Committee, where he chaired the Airland Subcommittee and sat on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities; and the Small Business Committee. When Republicans gained control of the Senate in January 2003, Lieberman resumed his role as ranking minority member of the committees he had once chaired.[23]
2002, as Chairman of what was then known as the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, Senator Lieberman led the fight to create a new Department of Homeland Security. One month after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, he introduced legislation to reorganize the federal government to better protect the American people from terrorism and natural disasters and steered a bipartisan plan through his committee. After months of opposing the plan, the White House eventually endorsed the concept. Legislation that passed Congress in 2002 created a department incorporating key organizational elements Senator Lieberman advocated.[24]
In 2006, Senators Lieberman and Collins drafted legislation to reshape the Federal Emergency Management Agency into an agency that would more effectively prepare for and respond to catastrophes, including natural disasters and terrorist attacks. The legislation elevated FEMA to special status within the Department of Homeland Security, much like the Coast Guard and designated the head of FEMA to be the President's point person during an emergency. The bill also called for the reunification of the preparedness and response functions within FEMA, giving it responsibility for all phases of emergency management. And the measure strengthened FEMA's regional offices, creating dedicated interagency "strike teams" to provide the initial federal response to a disaster in the region. The legislation passed Congress in September 2006. As the 2007 hurricane season approached, Senator Lieberman held an oversight hearing on implementation of the FEMA reforms on May 22, 2007. He urged FEMA to implement the reforms at a quicker pace.[25]
Senator Lieberman actively oversaw the government response to the H1N1 influenza (swine flu) pandemic and held four hearings on the subject in 2009, including one in Connecticut. He has continually pressed the Department of Health and Human Services to distribute vaccines and antiviral medications in at quicker pace and to streamline the process.[26]
In the 110th Congress, Lieberman is Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, which is responsible for assuring the efficiency and effectiveness of the Federal Government. In addition, he is a member of the Environment and Public Works Committee; Senate Armed Services Committee, where he is Chairman of the Subcommittee on Air Land Forces and sits on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities; and the Small Business Committee.
Fundraising[link]
Since 1989, Lieberman has received more than $31.4 million in campaign donations from specific industries and sectors. His largest donors have represented the securities and investment ($3.7 million), legal ($3.6 million), real estate ($3.1 million) and health professional ($1.1 million) industries.[27]
Committee assignments[link]
- Committee on Armed Services
- Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (Chairman)
- Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Caucus memberships[link]
- Senate Caucus on Global Internet Freedom (Co-Chair)
- Congressional Fire Services Caucus (Co-Chair)
- Congressional Public Service Caucus (Co-Chair)
- International Conservation Caucus
Retirement[link]
Senator Lieberman announced on January 19, 2011 that he would retire from the Senate at the end of his fourth term.[28][29]
Electoral history[link]
Main article: Electoral history of Joe Lieberman
Presidential politics[link]
2000 VP campaign[link]
File:Gorelieberman.jpg
Gore/Lieberman 2000 campaign logo
In August 2000, Lieberman was selected as the nominee for Vice President of the United States by Al Gore, the Democratic Party nominee for President. Lieberman was the first Jewish candidate on a major political party ticket. The announcement of Lieberman's selection was unusual in that it did not cause a positive "bump" in the Gore campaign's poll numbers according to a Newsweek poll done at the time.[30] Polling also indicated that Lieberman had badly lost his televised debate against Dick Cheney,[31] leading some to suggest later that Gore had lost the election due to choosing Lieberman as his running mate.[32]
The Gore/Lieberman ticket won a plurality of the popular vote, with over half a million more votes than the Republican ticket of George W. Bush and Dick Cheney, but they were defeated in the Electoral College by a vote of 271 to 266 after an intense legal battle concerning the outcome in disputed counties (see Bush v. Gore).
Like Democratic VP candidates Lyndon B. Johnson in 1960, Lloyd Bentsen in 1988, John Edwards in 2004, and Joe Biden in 2008, Lieberman's Senate term was due to expire during the election cycle. He decided to run for reelection to maintain his seat, as Johnson, Bentsen and Biden did. All four won, but since Johnson and Biden were also elected Vice-President, they gave up their seats.
2004 primaries[link]
On January 13, 2003, Lieberman announced his intention to seek the Democratic nomination as a candidate in the 2004 presidential election.
Describing his Presidential hopes, Lieberman opined that his historically hawkish stance would appeal to voters. Indeed he initially led in polls of primaries, but due to his political positions he failed to win a support of liberal Democratic voters, who dominated the primaries.[33]
Prior to his defeat in New Hampshire, Lieberman famously declared his campaign was picking up "Joementum"; however, he failed to provide such momentum during the New Hampshire primary debates, held at Saint Anselm College days before the primary.[34] On February 3, 2004, Lieberman withdrew his candidacy after failing to win any of the five primaries or two caucuses held that day. He acknowledged to the Hartford Courant that his support for the war in Iraq was a large part of his undoing with voters.[35]
Lieberman's former running candidate Al Gore did not support Lieberman's Presidential run, and in December 2003 endorsed Howard Dean's candidacy, saying "This is about all of us and all of us need to get behind the strongest candidate [Dean]."[36]
Finally Lieberman withdrew from the race without winning a single contest. In total popular vote he placed 7th behind eventual nominee, Massachusetts senator John Kerry, future Vice Presidential nominee, North Carolina Senator John Edwards, former Governor of Vermont Howard Dean, Ohio Representative Dennis Kucinich, retired General Wesley Clark and Reverend Al Sharpton.[37]
2008 activism[link]
Further information: United States presidential election, 2008
File:Mccainliebermann.JPG
Lieberman with Presidential Candidate John McCain at an event in Derry, New Hampshire
On December 17, 2007, Lieberman endorsed Republican Senator John McCain for president in 2008,[38] standing up to his party and going back on his stance in July 2006 where he stated "I want Democrats to be back in the majority in Washington and elect a Democratic president in 2008."[39] Lieberman cited his agreement with McCain's stance on the War on Terrorism as the primary reason for the endorsement.[40]
On June 5, Lieberman launched "Citizens for McCain," hosted on the McCain campaign website, to recruit Democratic support for John McCain's candidacy. He emphasized the group's outreach to supporters of Hillary Clinton, who was at that time broadly expected to lose the Democratic presidential nomination to Barack Obama.[41] Citizens for McCain was prominently featured in McCain team efforts to attract disgruntled Hillary Clinton supporters such as Debra Bartoshevich.[42][43]
Lieberman spoke at the 2008 Republican National Convention on behalf of McCain and his running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[44] Lieberman was alongside McCain and Senator Lindsey Graham during a visit to French president Nicolas Sarkozy on March 21, 2008.[45] Lieberman was mentioned as a possible Vice Presidential nominee on a McCain ticket,[46][47] although Lieberman had denied interest.[48] ABC News reported that Lieberman was McCain's first choice for Vice President until several days before the selection, when McCain had decided that picking Lieberman would alienate the conservative base of the Republican Party.[49][50] Lieberman had been mentioned as a possible Secretary of State under a McCain administration.[51]
Many Democrats wanted Lieberman to be stripped of his chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs due to his support for John McCain which went against the party's wishes.[52] Republican Minority Leader Mitch McConnell reached out to Lieberman, asking him to caucus with the Republicans.[53] Ultimately, the Senate Democratic Caucus voted 42 to 13 to allow Lieberman to keep chairmanship (although he did lose his membership for the Environment and Public Works Committee). Subsequently, Lieberman announced that he will continue to caucus with the Democrats.[6] Lieberman credited President-elect Barack Obama for helping him keep his chairmanship. Obama had privately urged Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid not to remove Lieberman from his position. Reid stated that Lieberman's criticism of Obama during the election angered him, but that "if you look at the problems we face as a nation, is this a time we walk out of here saying, 'Boy did we get even'?" Senator Tom Carper of Delaware also credited the Democrats' decision on Lieberman to Obama's support, stating that "If Barack can move on, so can we."[54][55]
Partisan members of the Democratic caucus were reportedly angry at the decision to not punish Lieberman more severely. Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont (who is also an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats) stated that he voted to punish Lieberman "because while millions of people worked hard for Obama, Lieberman actively worked for four more years of President Bush's policies."[55]
Lieberman's embrace of certain conservative policies and in particular his endorsement of John McCain have been cited as factors for his high approval rating among Republicans in Connecticut with 66% of Republicans approving of him along with 52% of independents also approving of his job performance, this however is also cited for his low approval rating among Democrats: 44% approving and 46% disapproving.[56] Currentlly 51% of voters approve of his performance along with 40% disapproving.[56]
2006 Senate election[link]
Primary[link]
| Candidate | Votes[57] | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Ned Lamont | 146,587 | 52% |
| Joe Lieberman | 136,468 | 48% |
Lieberman sought the Democratic Party's renomination for U.S. Senate from Connecticut in 2006 but lost to Ned Lamont, a Greenwich businessman and antiwar candidate.
Lieberman was officially endorsed by the Connecticut Democratic Convention, which met in May. However, Lamont received 33 percent of the delegates' votes, forcing an August primary.
In July, Lieberman announced that he would file papers to appear on the November ballot should he lose the primary, stating, "I'm a loyal Democrat, but I have loyalties that are greater than those to my party, and that's my loyalty to my state and my country."[58] He stated that he would continue to sit as a Democrat in the Senate even if he was defeated in the primary and elected on an unaffiliated line, and expressed concern for a potentially low turnout.[59] On July 10, the Lieberman campaign officially filed paperwork allowing him to collect signatures for the newly formed Connecticut for Lieberman party ballot line.[60] On August 8, 2006, Lieberman conceded the Democratic primary election to Ned Lamont, saying, "For the sake of our state, our country and my party, I cannot and will not let that result stand," and announced he would run in the 2006 November election as an independent candidate on the Connecticut for Lieberman ticket, against both Lamont and the Republican candidate, Alan Schlesinger.[61]
General election[link]
Main article: Connecticut United States Senate election, 2006
Polls after the primary showed Lieberman ahead of Ned Lamont by 5 points.[citation needed] Later polls showed Lieberman leading by varying margins.[citation needed] Alan Schlesinger barely registered support[citation needed] and his campaign had run into problems based on alleged gambling debts. Thus, "Lieberman was able to run in the general election as the de facto Republican candidate – every major Republican office-holder in the state endorsed him – and to supplement that GOP base with strong support from independents."[62]
On August 9, 2006, Hillary Clinton affirmed her pledge to support the primary winner, saying "voters of Connecticut have made their decision and I think that decision should be respected",[63] and Howard Dean called for Lieberman to quit the race, saying he was being "disrespectful of Democrats and disrespectful of the Democratic Party".[64]
On August 10, in his first campaign appearance since losing the Democratic primary, referencing the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, Lieberman criticized Lamont, saying:[65]
| “ | If we just pick up like Ned Lamont wants us to do, get out [of Iraq] by a date certain, it will be taken as a tremendous victory by the same people who wanted to blow up these planes in this plot hatched in England. It will strengthen them and they will strike again. | ” |
Lamont noted Lieberman's position was similar to George W. Bush's and Dick Cheney's position. Lamont said, “That comment sounds an awful lot like Vice President Cheney’s comment on Wednesday. Both of them believe our invasion of Iraq has a lot to do with 9/11. That’s a false premise.”[65] Lieberman's communications director replied that Lamont was politicizing national security by "portraying [Lieberman] as a soul mate of President Bush on Iraq".[65]
On August 17, 2006 the National Republican Senatorial Committee stated that they would favor a Lieberman victory in the November election over Democratic nominee Ned Lamont. The NRSC did state, however, that they were not going so far as to actually support Lieberman.[66]
Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani praised Lieberman at a South Carolina campaign stop on August 18, saying he was "a really exceptional senator."[67] Other Republican supporters of Lieberman included Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg, former Representative and Republican Vice Presidential candidate Jack Kemp, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and Senator Susan Collins of Maine.[citation needed]
Five Democratic Senators maintained their support for Lieberman, and Lieberman also received the strong support of former Senator and Democratic stalwart Bob Kerrey, who offered to stump for him.[68] Democratic minority leader Harry Reid, while endorsing Lamont, promised Lieberman that he would retain his committee positions and seniority if he prevailed in the general election.
On August 28, Lieberman campaigned at the same motorcycle rally as Republican Congressman Christopher Shays.[citation needed] Shays told a crowd of motorcycle enthusiasts, "We have a national treasure in Joe Lieberman."
Mel Sembler, a former Republican National Committee finance chairman, helped organize a reception that raised a "couple hundred thousand dollars" for Lieberman, who was personally in attendance. Sembler is a prominent Republican who chaired I. Lewis 'Scooter' Libby's legal defense fund.[69] New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg held a fundraiser for Lieberman at his home in November, co-hosted by former mayor Ed Koch and former Senator Alfonse M. D'Amato.[70] Koch called Lieberman "one of the greatest Senators we've ever had in the Senate."[71]
Despite still considering himself a Democrat, Lieberman was endorsed by numerous Republicans who actively spoke out in favor of his candidacy. Lieberman was also the focus of websites such as ConservativesforLieberman06.com.[72]
On November 7, Lieberman won re-election with 49.7% of the vote. Ned Lamont garnered 40% of ballots cast and Alan Schlesinger won 10%.[73] Lieberman received support from 33% of Democrats, 54% of independents and 70% of Republicans.[74]
Following the election, Lieberman struck a deal with Democratic leadership allowing him to keep his seniority and chairmanship of the Governmental Affairs Committee. In return, he agreed to vote with the Democrats on all procedural matters unless he asked permission of Majority Whip Richard Durbin.[citation needed] He is free to vote as he pleases on policy matters.[citation needed] Along with Bernie Sanders, Lieberman's caucusing with the Democrats gave them a 51–49 majority in the Senate, leaving a slim one Senator majority to control the Senate in the 110th Congress.
Criticism[link]
While he officially considers himself a member of the Democratic party, Lieberman has been accused of being more conservative than many Republicans and a political maverick since he often stands up to his party on issues on which he disagrees with them. He lost the Democratic Party nomination in the 2006 election to a more partisanly pure candidate, so he ran as an independent candidate to retain his senate seat. In February 2007, Lieberman spoke before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in support of the confirmation of Sam Fox as ambassador to Belgium. Fox, a prominent Republican businessman and political donor, was a contributor to the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth campaign in 2004.[75] Fox is also reported to have donated to Lieberman's 2006 Senate campaign.[76] Critics claim Lieberman was a favorite of Fox News, since he was willing to go on the conservative channel and play the role of someone in the “opposition” party who criticised fellow Democrats on policy differences he had with them.
Lieberman was a supporter of the Iraq War and has urged action against Iran. In July 2008, Lieberman spoke at the annual conference of Christians United for Israel (CUFI) then later, in July 2009, accepted from John Hagee CUFI's "Defender of Israel Award".[77] Pastor Hagee, CUFI's founder and leader, has made a number of controversial remarks, including a statement that the Catholic Church is "the great whore" and a suggestion that God sent Adolf Hitler to bring the Jews to Israel.[78]
In May 2010, while favoring the filibuster and threatening to use it in 2009 to eliminate a public health option as part of the healthcare proposal, Lieberman once strongly opposed it. In 1995, he joined with Senator Tom Harkin to co-sponsor an amendment to kill the filibuster. “The filibuster hurts the credibility of the entire Senate and impedes progress,” Lieberman told the Hartford Courant (Jan 6, 1995).[79]
In April 2010, Lieberman blasted President Obama for stripping terms like "Islamic extremism" from a key national security document, calling the move dishonest, wrong-headed and disrespectful to the majority of Muslims who are not terrorists.[80]
Lieberman has favoured greater use of surveillance cameras by the federal government and referred to attempts by Congress to investigate illegal wire-tapping as "partisan gridlock". On June 19, 2010, Lieberman introduced a bill called "Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010",[81] which he co-wrote with Senator Susan Collins (R-ME) and Senator Thomas Carper (D-DE). If signed into law, this controversial bill, which the American media dubbed the "Kill switch bill", would grant the President emergency powers over the Internet. However, all three co-authors of the bill issued a statement claiming that instead, the bill "[narrowed] existing broad Presidential authority to take over telecommunications networks".[82] American computer security specialist and author Bruce Schneier objected to the "kill switch" proposal on the basis that it rests on several faulty assumptions and that it's "too coarse a hammer". Schneier wrote:
Defending his proposal, Sen. Lieberman pointed out that China has this capability. It's debatable whether or not it actually does, but it's actively pursuing the capability because the country cares less about its citizens. Here in the U.S., it is both wrong and dangerous to give the president the power and ability to commit Internet suicide and terrorize Americans in this way.[83]
Sen. Lieberman has been a major opponent of the whistle-blowing website WikiLeaks. His staff "made inquiries"[84] of Amazon.com and other internet companies such as Paypal, Visa, and Mastercard which resulted in them suspending service to WikiLeaks. Blogger Glenn Greenwald called Lieberman's actions "one of the most pernicious acts by a U.S. Senator in quite some time," and accused Lieberman of "emulat[ing] Chinese dictators" by "abusing his position as Homeland Security Chairman to thuggishly dictate to private companies which websites they should and should not host—and, more important, what you can and cannot read on the Internet."[85] Lieberman has also suggested that "the New York Times and other news organisations publishing the US embassy cables being released by WikiLeaks could be investigated for breaking US espionage laws."[86]
Along with Senators John Ensign and Scott Brown, Lieberman "introduced a bill to amend the Espionage Act in order to facilitate the prosecution of folks like Wikileaks."[87] Critics have noted that "[l]eaking [classified] information in the first place is already a crime, so the measure is aimed squarely at publishers," and that "Lieberman’s proposed solution to WikiLeaks could have implications for journalists reporting on some of the more unsavory practices of the intelligence community."[88] Legal analyst Benjamin Wittes has called the proposed legislation "the worst of both worlds," saying:
"It leaves intact the current World War I-era Espionage Act provision, 18 U.S.C. 793(e), a law [with] many problems... and then takes a currently well-drawn law and expands its scope to the point that it covers a lot more than the most reckless of media excesses. A lot of good journalism would be a crime under this provision; after all, knowingly and willfully publishing material 'concerning the human intelligence activities of the United States or any foreign government' is no small part of what a good newspaper does."[87]
As a result of these statements and actions, Lieberman has been perceived as an opponent of Internet Free Speech and become the target of Anonymous attacks under Operation Payback.[89]
Political positions[link]
Main article: Political positions of Joe Lieberman
Lieberman is one of the Senate's strongest advocates for continued prosecution of the war in Iraq.[citation needed] He is also an outspoken supporter of the U.S.-Israel relationship. On domestic issues, he strongly supports free trade economics while reliably voting for pro-trade union legislation. He has also opposed filibustering Republican judicial appointments. With Lynne Cheney and others, Lieberman co-founded American Council of Trustees and Alumni in 1995. Lieberman is a supporter of abortion rights and of the rights of gays and lesbians to adopt children, to be protected with hatecrime legislation, and to serve openly in the military.[90] Lieberman is one of the Senate's leading opponents of violence in video games and on television. Lieberman describes himself as being "genuinely an Independent," saying "I agree more often than not with Democrats on domestic policy. I agree more often than not with Republicans on foreign and defense policy."[91] Senator Lieberman is also famous for championing, authoring and leading the effort that led to the repeal of Don't ask don't tell.
Senator Lieberman was an integral part in attempting to stop WikiLeaks from publishing further material using US-based corporations in the United States diplomatic cables leak of 2010.[92]
Published works[link]
Lieberman is the author of seven books: The Power Broker (1966), a biography of the late Democratic Party chairman, John M. Bailey; The Scorpion and the Tarantula (1970), a study of early efforts to control nuclear proliferation; The Legacy (1981), a history of Connecticut politics from 1930 to 1980; Child Support in America (1986), a guidebook on methods to increase the collection of child support from delinquent fathers; In Praise of Public Life (2000); An Amazing Adventure (2003), reflecting on his 2000 vice presidential run; and The Gift of Rest: Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath (2011), written with David Klinghoffer.
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "The Lieberman Phenomenon". Dr. Samuel Heilman - The Edah Journal Volume 1:1. http://www.edah.org/backend/coldfusion/search/document.cfm?title=The%20Lieberman%20Phenomenon&hyperlink=The_Lieberman_Phenomenon.html&type=JournalArticle&category=Orthodoxy%20and%20Modernity&authortitle=Dr.&firstname=Samuel&lastname=Heilman&pubsource=The%20Edah%20Journal%20Volume%201%3A1&authorid=278&pdfattachment=heilman.pdf. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
- ^ "Joseph Lieberman". Washington Times. http://www.washtimes.com/elections/candidate/336/. Retrieved September 3, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ MacEachern, Frank (September 18, 2007). "Lieberman registers to vote as a Democrat, wife and daughter unaffiliated" (– Scholar search). The Stamford Times. http://www.thestamfordtimes.com/stamford_templates/stamford_story/289850115142016.php [dead link]
- ^ "Senators of the 110th Congress". U.S. Senate. January 3, 2006. http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm?Name=Lieberman.
- ^ "The Hill". The Hill. http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/conventions-over-lieberman-embarks-on-lonely-september-2008-09-09.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ a b Hulse, Carl (November 19, 2008). "Democrats Gain as Stevens Loses Race". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/us/politics/19cong.html?nl=pol&emc=pola1. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
- ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/22/lieberman-to-take-lead-on_n_471300.html
- ^ http://lieberman.senate.gov/index.cfm/issues-legislation/homeland-security-and-governmental-affairs
- ^ Lieberman to Announce He Will Not Seek Re-Election, Aide Says
- ^ http://www.wargs.com/political/lieberman.html
- ^ Lieberman: A history-making candidate. CNN.com. Retrieved October 10, 2006.
- ^ a b You Go, Joe. New York Magazine November 18, 2002.
- ^ Merida, Kevin. Lieberman's Morality Concerns Not New. The Washington Post September 5, 1998.
- ^ Conason, Joe (September 1, 2006). "In bed with Big Pharma". Salon. http://salon.com/opinion/conason/2006/09/01/hadassah_lieberman/. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
- ^ Jacobson, Judie. "Jewish Geography". www.jewishledger.com. http://www.jewishledger.com/articles/2006/02/23/news/news08.txt. Retrieved February 21, 2008.
- ^ a b Goodstein, Laurie. Lieberman Balances Private Faith With Life in the Public Eye New York Times August 18, 2000.
- ^ Gold, Matea. Lieberman and religion seem to be an easy mix. Los Angeles Times August 28, 2000.
- ^ Review of THE LEGACY: Connecticut Politics 1930–1980 Book by Joseph I. Lieberman. Introduction by Jack Zaiman. Cartoons by Ed Valtman. 215 pages. Spoonwood Press. Review in The New York Times, December 20, 1981. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
- ^ The official web site of the Connecticut Attorney General's office is at http://www.ct.gov/ag/site/default.asp.
- ^ Kornacki, Steve (January 19, 2011) The making (and unmaking) of Joe Lieberman, Salon.com
- ^ Toobin, Jeffrey. Joe Lieberman looks hopefully toward the White House. The New Yorker December 16, 2002.
- ^ Senator Joe Lieberman Attacks Clinton. AustralianPolitics.com September 3, 1998. Retrieved October 10, 2006.
- ^ Standing Committees of the Senate 108th Congress. Retrieved September 10, 2006.
- ^ http://lieberman.senate.gov/index.cfm/issues-legislation/homeland-security-and-governmental-affairs
- ^ http://lieberman.senate.gov/index.cfm/issues-legislation/homeland-security-and-governmental-affairs
- ^ http://lieberman.senate.gov/index.cfm/issues-legislation/homeland-security-and-governmental-affairs
- ^ "Center for Responsive Politics profile". Opensecrets.org. May 16, 2010. http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/industries.php?cycle=Career&cid=N00000616&type=I. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ Hook, Janet (January 19, 2011). "Senators' Exits Reshape 2012 Fight". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703954004576089933308403202.html.
- ^ "Joe Lieberman Retiring In 2012". Huffington Post. January 19, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/19/joe-lieberman-retiring-in_n_810954.html.
- ^ "Newsweek Poll: Naming Lieberman No Charm for Democrats – Bush Retains 10 Point Lead". August 12, 2000. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-64086109.html. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
- ^ Langer, Gary. "Poll: Cheney Beats Lieberman in Veep Debate". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=122760&page=1. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ Shields, Mark (December 22, 2009). "SHIELDS: If You Could Change One Thing, Al Gore". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. http://www.globe-democrat.com/news/2009/dec/22/shields/. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ BY JOHN E. MULLIGANJournal Washington Bureau (July 13, 2003). "Moderate and steady may not win race for Lieberman". Projo.com. http://www.projo.com/news/content/projo_20030713_lieb13.a720e.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ Lieberman says he's got the 'Joementum' CNN.com January 26, 2004. Retrieved March 6, 2007.
- ^ Hamilton, Elizabeth. Lieberman Reflects on Candidacy. The Hartford Courant April 15, 2004.
- ^ Gore Endorses Dean: CNN LIVE EVENT/SPECIAL transcript. CNN.com December 9, 2003. Retrieved October 10, 2006.
- ^ "US President – D Primaries Race – Jan 13, 2004". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1689. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ "LIEBERMAN, MCCAIN ENDORSEMENT". MSNBC. http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/12/17/521481.aspx. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
- ^ "Lieberman: "I want to elect a Democratic president in 2008"". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVcL8KFDetU. Retrieved August 5, 2008.
- ^ "Lieberman to Cross Aisle to Endorse McCain". blog.washingtonpost.com. http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2007/12/16/lieberman_to_cross_aisle_for_m.html. Retrieved December 16, 2007.
- ^ Rhee, Foon (June 5, 2008). "Lieberman leads new pro-McCain group". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/06/lieberman_leads.html. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ Wheaton, Sarah (June 14, 2008). "McCain Courts Democrats, Independents". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/14/mccain-courts-democrats-independents/?scp=1&sq=%22citizens%20for%20mccain%22&st=cse. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ Falcone, Michael (August 24, 2008). "Republicans Unveil War Room in Denver". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/republicans-unveil-war-room-in-denver/?scp=2&sq=%22citizens%20for%20mccain%22&st=cse. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ Meckler, Laura (February 13, 2008). "McCain Gets Boost from Senate Buddy". Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/02/13/mccain-gets-boost-from-senate-buddy/. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
- ^ J.C. (March 22, 2008). "McCain loue l'ère "d'amitié franco-américaine"" (in French). Le Figaro. http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections-americaines-2008/2008/03/21/01017-20080321ARTFIG00760-mccain-loue-l-ere-d-amitie-franco-americaine.php. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
- ^ Christensen, Alex. "The 2008 GOP Field or It's the Tenacity, Stupid". http://www.chooseourpresident2008.com/gop.html. Retrieved January 27, 2008.
- ^ Kristol, William (November 19, 2007). "Say It's So, Joe – Vice President Lieberman?". http://www.ourcampaigns.com/NewsDetail.html?NewsID=44260. Retrieved January 27, 2008.
- ^ "McCain Has 'Better Judgment' Than to Name Him VP". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080107085408/http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewPolitics.asp?Page=/Politics/archive/200801/POL20080104c.html. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
- ^ Hunter, Duncan (August 29, 2008). "How Palin Came to the Top of the List". Political Radar – ABC News. http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/08/how-palin-came.html. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ "Topic A: Assessing Sarah Palin". The Washington Post. August 30, 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/29/AR2008082901777.html?hpid=opinionsbox1. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ "Gizzi on Politics: Convention Diary". Human Events. http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=28478. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ Rushing, J. Taylor. "Sen. Lieberman likely to lose his gavel in massive reshuffle being discussed". TheHill.com. http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/sen.-lieberman-likely-to-lose-his-gavel--in-massive-reshuffle-being-discussed-2008-10-28.html. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
- ^ Grim, Ryan. "McConnell Reaches Out To Lieberman". Politico.com. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15401.html. Retrieved November 7, 2008.
- ^ Sources: Lieberman likely to keep top Democratic post, CNN.com, November 17, 2008.
- ^ a b Lieberman credits Obama after Dems let him keep post, CNN.com, November 18, 2008.
- ^ a b http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/10/lieberman-prais.php
- ^ Election results. Hartford Courant August 10, 2006.
- ^ Klein, Rick. Lieberman crafts backup plan: Says he'll run even if he loses primary. The Boston Globe July 4, 2006.
- ^ Murray, Shailagh. Lieberman May Run as Independent. The Washington Post July 4, 2006.
- ^ Haigh, Susan. Lieberman campaign files forms to run as petitioning candidate. The Boston Globe July 10, 2006.
- ^ Barry, Ellen. Lieberman Is Defeated in Primary. Los Angeles Times August 9, 2006. pg. A1.
- ^ Kornacki, Steve (January 24, 2011) The most cowardly act of a retiring politician, Salon.com
- ^ Fouhy, Beth. Clinton Reiterates Pledge to Back Lamont. The Washington Post August 10, 2006.
- ^ Nagourney, Adam.PRIMARY IN CONNECTICUT: NEWS ANALYSIS; A Referendum On Iraq Policy. New York Times August 9, 2006.
- ^ a b c Healy, Patrick and Medina, Jennifer. Lieberman Goes on the Offensive, Linking the Terror Threat to Iraq. New York Times August 11, 2006.
- ^ NRSC Takes Lieberman.. Retrieved October 10, 2006.
- ^ First Read. MSNBC.com. August 17, 2006.
- ^ Kerrey for Lieberman.. Retrieved October 10, 2006.
- ^ Associated Press. Top Republican co-hosted fundraiser for Lieberman. International Herald Tribune. September 21, 2006.
- ^ In Connecticut Iraq Debate, Vague Policy Prescriptions Medina, Jennifer. New York Times. September 18, 2006. pg. B3.
- ^ Lieberman Stumps In New York, With Koch By His Side. NY1 News, October 3, 2006.
- ^ [1] The Right Perspective Podcast Blog, November 11, 2006.
- ^ Joe Lieberman wins CT Senate race.. Retrieved November 7, 2006.
- ^ "CNN.com – Elections 2006". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2006/pages/results/states/CT/S/01/epolls.0.html. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
- ^ Akers, Mary (November 2006). "Lieberman and Swiftie Donor, Bound by Admiration... and Money". Washington Post. http://blog.washingtonpost.com/sleuth/2007/03/lieberman_and_swiftie_donor_bo.html. Retrieved March 16, 2007.
- ^ Lightman, David (March 8, 2007). "Fox Makes Friends And Foes". Hartford Courant. http://www.courant.com/news/politics/hc-swiftboat0308.artmar08,0,4513074.story?coll=hc-headlines-home. Retrieved March 16, 2007.
- ^ Christian Zionist parley: Don’t pressure Israel by Eric Fingerhut, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), July 23, 2009.
- ^ Krieger, Mary (July 23, 2008). "Lieberman backs Hagee despite calls from Jews to cut ties". Jerusalem Post. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1215331075715&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
- ^ "TV, Rachel Maddow Show, Dec 14, 2009". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26315908/ns/msnbc_tv-rachel_maddow_show#34423698. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ "Senator: Dropping 'Islamic extremism' term is 'Orwellian and counterproductive' – Military News and Comment". Politifi.com. http://politifi.com/news/Senator-Dropping-Islamic-extremism-term-is-Orwellian-and-counterproductive-440572.html. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
- ^ http://hsgac.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=4ee63497-ca5b-4a4b-9bba-04b7f4cb0123%7Cpdf
- ^ Senators Say Cybersecurity Bill Has No 'Kill Switch', informationweek.com, June 24, 2010. Retrieved on June 25, 2010.
- ^ Schneier, Bruce (July 12, 2010). "Internet Kill Switch". Schneier on Security. http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2010/07/internet_kill_s.html. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ^ "Amazon stops hosting WikiLeaks site". The Globe and Mail (Toronto). December 1, 2010. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/amazon-stops-hosting-wikileaks-site/article1820859/.
- ^ Greenwald, Glenn (December 2, 2010) Joe Lieberman emulates Chinese dictators, Salon.com
- ^ Owen, Paul; Adams, Richard; and McAskill, Ewen (December 7, 2010) WikiLeaks: US Senator Joe Lieberman suggests New York Times could be investigated, The Guardian
- ^ a b Wittes, Benjamin (December 6, 2010) Espionage Act Amendments, Lawfare
- ^ Poulsen, Kevin (December 2, 2010) Lieberman Introduces Anti-WikiLeaks Legislation, Wired
- ^ Fernandez, Colin; Caroe, Laura (December 9, 2010). "Army of hackers targets the Swedish government, Sarah Palin and credit card giants in WikiLeaks 'Operation: Payback'". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1336806/WikiLeaks-hackers-Operation-Payback-cyber-war-targets-Swedish-Government.html.
- ^ "Joseph Lieberman on Civil Rights". Ontheissues.org. http://ontheissues.org/2008/Joseph_Lieberman_Civil_Rights.htm. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ Transcript: Sen. Joe Lieberman on 'FOX News Sunday' Fox News.com. January 28, 2007.
- ^ Arthur, Charles (December 3, 2010). "WikiLeaks cables visualisation pulled after pressure from Joe Lieberman". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2010/dec/03/wikileaks-tableau-visualisation-joe-lieberman. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Joseph Lieberman |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Joe Lieberman |
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
- Official site
- Directories and databases
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Congressional profile at GovTrack
- Congressional profile at OpenCongress
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Profile on SourceWatch
- Profile on OpenCongress, formerly Congresspedia
- Lieberman's Senate Voting Record 1989–2000 from CounterPunch
- Interviews
- Miscellaneous
- Watch: Joe Lieberman visits the Warner Theatre in Torrington, CT
- Joe Lieberman speaks at "Christian-Zionist" meeting, praising John Hagee (Lieberman appears at approx. 5:30)
| United States Senate | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. |
United States Senator (Class 1) from Connecticut 1989–present Served alongside: Chris Dodd, Richard Blumenthal |
Incumbent |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Fred Thompson |
Chairman of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee 2001–2003 |
Succeeded by Susan Collins |
| Preceded by Susan Collins |
Chairman of the Senate Homeland Security Committee 2007–present |
Incumbent |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Al Gore |
Democratic Party Vice Presidential nominee 2000 |
Succeeded by John Edwards |
| Preceded by Anthony T. Moffett |
Democratic Party nominee for United States Senator (class 1) from Connecticut 1988, 1994, 2000 |
Succeeded by Ned Lamont |
| Preceded by Dave McCurdy |
Chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council 1995–2001 |
Succeeded by Evan Bayh |
| Legal offices | ||
| Preceded by Carl R. Ajello |
Attorney General of Connecticut 1983–1989 |
Succeeded by Clarine Nardi Riddle |
| United States order of precedence | ||
| Preceded by Herb Kohl D-Wisconsin |
United States Senators by seniority 20th |
Succeeded by Daniel Akaka D-Hawaii |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lieberman, Joseph Isadore |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Connecticut politician |
| Date of birth | February 24, 1942 |
| Place of birth | Stamford, Connecticut |
| Date of death | living |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the American politician. For the English football (soccer) player, see Colin Powell (footballer).
| Colin Powell KCB MSC |
|
|---|---|
 |
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| 65th United States Secretary of State | |
| In office January 20, 2001 – January 26, 2005 |
|
| President | George W. Bush |
| Deputy | Richard Armitage |
| Preceded by | Madeleine Albright |
| Succeeded by | Condoleezza Rice |
| 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |
| In office October 1, 1989 – September 30, 1993 |
|
| President | George H. W. Bush Bill Clinton |
| Deputy | Robert Herres David Jeremiah |
| Preceded by | William Crowe |
| Succeeded by | David Jeremiah |
| 16th National Security Advisor | |
| In office November 23, 1987 – January 20, 1989 |
|
| President | Ronald Reagan |
| Deputy | John Negroponte |
| Preceded by | Frank Carlucci |
| Succeeded by | Brent Scowcroft |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1937-04-05) April 5, 1937 (age 75) New York City |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Alma Johnson |
| Alma mater | City College of New York, CUNY George Washington University |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1958–1993 |
| Rank |  General |
| Unit |  3rd Armored Division 23rd Infantry Division |
| Commands | V Corps Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Army Forces Command |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War Invasion of Panama Gulf War |
| Awards |  Defense Distinguished Service Medal (4) Army Distinguished Service Medal (2) Defense Superior Service Medal Legion of Merit (2) Soldier's Medal Bronze Star Purple Heart |
Colin Luther Powell ( /ˈkoʊlɨn/; born April 5, 1937) is an American statesman and a retired four-star general in the United States Army.[1] He was the 65th United States Secretary of State, serving under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005. He was the first African American to serve in that position.[2][3][4][5] During his military career, Powell also served as National Security Advisor (1987–1989), as Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command (1989) and as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989–1993), holding the latter position during the Gulf War. He was the first, and so far the only, African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Contents
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Early life[link]
Colin Luther Powell was born on April 5, 1937[6] in Harlem, a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, to Jamaican immigrant parents Maud Arial (née McKoy) and Luther Theophilus Powell. He also has Scottish ancestry.[7][8] Powell was raised in the South Bronx and attended Morris High School, a former public school in the Bronx, from which he graduated in 1954. While at school, he worked at a local baby furniture store where he picked up Yiddish from the shopkeepers and some of the customers.[9] He received his Bachelor of Science degree in geology from the City College of New York in 1958 and was a self-admitted C average student. He was later able to earn a Master of Business Administration degree from the George Washington University in 1971, after his second tour in Vietnam.
Despite his parents' pronunciation of his name as /ˈkɒlɨn/, Powell has pronounced his name /ˈkoʊlɨn/ since childhood, after the heroic World War II flyer Colin P. Kelly Jr.[10] Public officials and radio and television reporters have used Powell's preferred pronunciation.
Military career[link]
Powell described joining the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) during college as one of the happiest experiences of his life; discovering something he loved and could do well, he felt he had "found himself." According to Powell:
“It was only once I was in college, about six months into college when I found something that I liked, and that was ROTC, Reserve Officer Training Corps in the military. And I not only liked it, but I was pretty good at it. That's what you really have to look for in life, something that you like, and something that you think you're pretty good at. And if you can put those two things together, then you're on the right track, and just drive on.”[11]
Cadet Powell joined the Pershing Rifles, the ROTC fraternal organization and drill team begun by General John Pershing. Even after he had become a general, Powell kept on his desk a pen set he had won for a drill team competition.
Upon graduation, he received a commission as an Army second lieutenant.[12] He was a professional soldier for 35 years, holding a variety of command and staff positions and rising to the rank of General.[13] Powell was a captain during the Vietnam War, serving as a South Vietnamese Army adviser from 1962 to 1963. While on patrol in a Viet Cong-held area, he was wounded by stepping on a punji stake.[14] He returned to Vietnam as a major in 1968, serving in the Americal Division (23rd Infantry Division), then as assistant chief of staff of operations for the Americal Division. He was charged with investigating a detailed letter by Tom Glen (a soldier from the 11th Light Infantry Brigade), which backed up rumored allegations of the My Lai Massacre. Powell wrote: "In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between American soldiers and the Vietnamese people are excellent." Later, Powell's assessment would be described as whitewashing the news of the massacre, and questions would continue to remain undisclosed to the public. In May 2004 Powell said to Larry King, "I mean, I was in a unit that was responsible for My Lai. I got there after My Lai happened. So, in war, these sorts of horrible things happen every now and again, but they are still to be deplored."[15]
Powell served a White House fellowship, a highly selective and prestigious position, under President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1973.
In his autobiography, My American Journey, Powell named several officers he served under who inspired and mentored him. As a lieutenant colonel serving in South Korea, Powell was very close to General Henry "Gunfighter" Emerson. Powell said he regarded Emerson as one of the most caring officers he ever met. Emerson insisted his troops train at night to fight a possible North Korean attack, and made them repeatedly watch the television film Brian's Song to promote racial harmony. Powell always professed that what set Emerson apart, was his great love of his soldiers and concern for their welfare.
In the early 1980s, Powell served at Fort Carson, Colorado. After he left Fort Carson, Powell became senior military assistant to Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, whom he assisted during the 1983 invasion of Grenada and the 1986 airstrike on Libya.
In 1986, he took over the command of V Corps in Frankfurt, Germany, from Robert Lewis "Sam" Wetzel. Following the Iran Contra scandal, Powell became Ronald Reagan's National Security Advisor, serving from 1987 to 1989. In April 1989, Powell was promoted to General and briefly served as the Commander in Chief, Forces Command, headquartered at Fort McPherson, Georgia. Later that year, President George H.W. Bush selected him as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[16]
Dates of ranks[link]
| Rank | Date |
|---|---|
| General |
April 4, 1989 |
 Lieutenant General |
March 26, 1986 |
 Major General |
August 1, 1983 |
 Brigadier General |
June 1, 1979 |
| Colonel |
February 1, 1976 |
 Lieutenant Colonel |
July 9, 1970 |
 Major |
May 24, 1966 |
 Captain |
June 2, 1962 |
| 6px First Lieutenant | December 30, 1959 |
 Second Lieutenant |
June 9, 1958 |
Awards and decorations[link]
Badges[link]
- Combat Infantryman Badge
- Expert Infantryman Badge
- Ranger Tab
- Parachutist Badge
- Pathfinder Badge
- Air Assault Badge
- Presidential Service Badge
- Secretary of Defense Identification Badge
- Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
- Army Staff Identification Badge
Medals and ribbons[link]
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Defense Distinguished Service Medal (with 3 Oak Leaf Clusters) |
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Distinguished Service Medal, Army (with Oak Leaf Cluster) |
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Defense Superior Service Medal |
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Legion of Merit (with Oak Leaf Cluster) |
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Soldier's Medal |
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Bronze Star |
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Purple Heart |
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Air Medal |
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Joint Service Commendation Medal |
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Army Commendation Medal (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters) |
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Presidential Medal of Freedom |
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Presidential Citizens Medal |
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National Defense Service Medal (with 1 Bronze Service Star) |
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Vietnam Service Medal (with 1 Silver Service Star) |
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Army Service Ribbon |
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Army Overseas Service Ribbon (with award numeral 4) |
Foreign decorations[link]
- Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
- Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
- Skanderbeg's Order (Albania)
- Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) (United Kingdom)
- Légion d'honneur (France)
- Meritorious Service Cross (M.S.C.) (Canada)
- Order of Stara Planina in the First Order (Bulgaria)[17][18]
National Security Advisor[link]
At the age of 49, Powell became Ronald Reagan's National Security Advisor, serving from 1987 to 1989 while retaining his Army commission as a lieutenant general. After his tenure with the National Security Council, Powell was promoted to a full general under President George H.W. Bush and briefly served as Commander-in-Chief (CINC) of Forces Command (FORSCOM), overseeing all Army, Army Reserve, and National Guard units in the Continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff[link]
His last military assignment, from October 1, 1989 to September 30, 1993, was as the 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest military position in the Department of Defense. At age 52, he became the youngest officer, and first Afro-Caribbean American, to serve in this position. In 1989, he joined Dwight D. Eisenhower and Alexander Haig as the third general since World War II to reach four-star rank without ever being a divisional commander.[19]
During his chairmanship of the JCS, there was discussion of awarding Powell a fifth star, granting him the rank of General of the Army. But even in the wake of public and Congressional pressure[20][21] to do so, Clinton-Gore presidential transition team staffers decided against it.[22][23][24]
During this time, he oversaw 28 crises, including the invasion of Panama in 1989 to remove General Manuel Noriega from power and Operation Desert Storm in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. During these events, Powell earned his nickname, "the reluctant warrior." He rarely advocated military intervention as the first solution to an international crisis, and instead usually prescribed diplomacy and containment.
In his autobiography, Powell said he is haunted by the nightmare of the Vietnam War and felt that the leadership was very ineffective. Powell served a tour in Vietnam as a military adviser, and was mildly injured when he stepped on a bamboo "punji stick". The large infection made it difficult for him to walk, and caused his foot to swell for a short time, shortening his first tour. It was also during his Vietnam service, his second tour, that Powell was decorated for bravery. He single-handedly rescued several men from a burning helicopter, one of them being Maj. Gen. Charles Gettys, the commander of the Americal Division.
Additionally, Powell has been critical of other instances of U.S. foreign policy in the past, such as its support for the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. From two separate interviews in 2003, Powell stated in one about the 1973 event "I can't justify or explain the actions and decisions that were made at that time. It was a different time. There was a great deal of concern about communism in this part of the world. Communism was a threat to the democracies in this part of the world. It was a threat to the United States."[25] In another interview, however, he also simply stated "With respect to your earlier comment about Chile in the 1970s and what happened with Mr. Allende, it is not a part of American history that we're proud of."[26]
As a military strategist, Powell has advocated an approach to military conflicts that maximizes the potential for success and minimizes casualties. A component of this approach is the use of overwhelming force, which he applied to Operation Desert Storm in 1991. His approach has been dubbed the "Powell Doctrine". Powell continued as chairman of the JCS into the Clinton presidency but as a dedicated "realist" he considered himself a bad fit for an administration largely made up of liberal internationalists.[27] He clashed with then-US ambassador to the United Nations Madeleine Albright over the Bosnian crisis, as he opposed any military interventions that didn't involve US interests.[28]
Potential candidate[link]
Powell's experience in military matters made him a very popular figure with both American political parties. Many Democrats admired his moderate stance on military matters, while many Republicans saw him as a great asset associated with the successes of past Republican administrations. Put forth as a potential Democratic Vice Presidential nominee in the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election[29] or even potentially replacing Vice President Dan Quayle as the Republican Vice Presidential nominee,[30] Powell eventually declared himself a Republican and began to campaign for Republican candidates in 1995.[31] He was touted as a possible opponent of Bill Clinton in the 1996 U.S. Presidential Election, possibly capitalizing on a split conservative vote in Iowa[32] and even leading New Hampshire polls for the GOP nomination,[33] but Powell declined, citing a lack of passion for politics.[34] Powell defeated Clinton 50-38 in a hypothetical match-up proposed to voters in the exit polls conducted on Election Day.[35] Despite not standing in the race, Powell won the New Hampshire Vice-Presidential primary on write-in votes.[36]
In 1997 Powell founded America's Promise with the objective of helping children from all socioeconomic sectors.
In the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election Powell campaigned for Senator John McCain and later Texas Governor George W. Bush after the latter secured the Republican nomination.[citation needed] Bush eventually won, and Powell was appointed Secretary of State.
During the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, Powell endorsed Barack Obama for President.[37]
Secretary of State[link]
As Secretary of State in the Bush administration, Powell was perceived as moderate. Powell was unanimously voted in by the United States Senate. Over the course of his tenure he traveled less than any other U.S. Secretary of State in 30 years. [38]
On September 11, 2001, Powell was in Lima, Peru, meeting with President Alejandro Toledo and US Ambassador John Hamilton, and attending the special session of the OAS General Assembly that subsequently adopted the Inter-American Democratic Charter. After the September 11 attacks, Powell's job became of critical importance in managing America's relationships with foreign countries in order to secure a stable coalition in the War on Terrorism.
Powell came under fire for his role in building the case for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. In a press statement on February 24, 2001 he had said that sanctions against Iraq had prevented the development of any weapons of mass destruction by Saddam Hussein. As was the case in the days leading up to the Persian Gulf War, Powell was initially opposed to a forcible overthrow of Saddam, preferring to continue a policy of containment. However, Powell eventually agreed to go along with the Bush administration's determination to remove Saddam. He had often clashed with others in the administration, who were reportedly planning an Iraq invasion even before the September 11 attacks, an insight supported by testimony by former terrorism czar Richard Clarke in front of the 9/11 Commission. The main concession Powell wanted before he would offer his full support for the Iraq War was the involvement of the international community in the invasion, as opposed to a unilateral approach. He was also successful in persuading Bush to take the case of Iraq to the United Nations, and in moderating other initiatives. Powell was placed at the forefront of this diplomatic campaign.
Powell's chief role was to garner international support for a multi-national coalition to mount the invasion. To this end, Powell addressed a plenary session of the United Nations Security Council on February 5, 2003 to argue in favor of military action. Citing numerous anonymous Iraqi defectors, Powell asserted that "there can be no doubt that Saddam Hussein has biological weapons and the capability to rapidly produce more, many more."[40] Powell also stated that there was "no doubt in my mind" that Saddam was working to obtain key components to produce nuclear weapons.[40]
Most observers praised Powell's oratorical skills. However, Britain's Channel 4 News reported soon afterwards that a UK intelligence dossier that Powell had referred to as a "fine paper" during his presentation had been based on old material and plagiarized an essay by American graduate student Ibrahim al-Marashi.[41][42] A 2004 report by the Iraq Survey Group concluded that the evidence that Powell offered to support the allegation that the Iraqi government possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) was inaccurate.
A Senate report on intelligence failures would later detail the intense debate that went on behind the scenes on what to include in Powell's speech. State Department analysts had found dozens of factual problems in drafts of the speech. Some of the claims were taken out, but others were left in, such as claims based on the yellowcake forgery.[43] The administration came under fire for having acted on faulty intelligence, particularly what was single-sourced to the informant known as Curveball. Powell later recounted how Vice President Dick Cheney had joked with him before he gave the speech, telling him, "You've got high poll ratings; you can afford to lose a few points." Powell's longtime aide-de-camp and Chief of Staff from 1989–2003, Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, later characterized Cheney's view of Powell's mission as to "go up there and sell it, and we'll have moved forward a peg or two. Fall on your damn sword and kill yourself, and I'll be happy, too."[44]
In September 2005, Powell was asked about the speech during an interview with Barbara Walters and responded that it was a "blot" on his record. He went on to say, "It will always be a part of my record. It was painful. It's painful now."[45]
Wilkerson said that he inadvertently participated in a hoax on the American people in preparing Powell's erroneous testimony before the United Nations Security Council.[46]
Because Powell was seen as more moderate than most figures in the administration, he was spared many of the attacks that have been leveled at more controversial advocates of the invasion, such as Donald Rumsfeld and Paul Wolfowitz. At times, infighting among the Powell-led State Department, the Rumsfeld-led Defense Department, and Cheney's office had the effect of polarizing the administration on crucial issues, such as what actions to take regarding Iran and North Korea.
After Saddam Hussein had been deposed, Powell's new role was to once again establish a working international coalition, this time to assist in the rebuilding of post-war Iraq. On September 13, 2004, Powell testified before the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee,[47] acknowledging that the sources who provided much of the information in his February 2003 UN presentation were "wrong" and that it was "unlikely" that any stockpiles of WMDs would be found. Claiming that he was unaware that some intelligence officials questioned the information prior to his presentation, Powell pushed for reform in the intelligence community, including the creation of a national intelligence director who would assure that "what one person knew, everyone else knew."
Powell announced his resignation as Secretary of State on November 15, 2004. According to The Washington Post, he had been asked to resign by the president's chief of staff, Andrew Card.[44] Powell announced that he would stay on until the end of Bush's first term or until his replacement's confirmation by Congress. The following day, Bush nominated National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice as Powell's successor. News of Powell's leaving the Administration spurred mixed reactions from politicians around the world — some upset at the loss of a statesman seen as a moderating factor within the Bush administration, but others hoping for Powell's successor to wield more influence within the cabinet.
In mid-November, Powell stated that he had seen new evidence suggesting that Iran was adapting missiles for a nuclear delivery system.[48] The accusation came at the same time as the settlement of an agreement between Iran, the IAEA, and the European Union.
On December 31, 2004, Powell rang in the New Year by pressing a button in Times Square with New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg to initiate the ball drop and 60 second countdown, ushering in the year 2005. He appeared on the networks that were broadcasting New Year's Eve specials and talked about this honor, as well as being a native of New York City.[49]
Life after diplomatic service[link]
After retiring from the role of Secretary of State, Powell returned to private life. In April 2005, he was privately telephoned by Republican senators Lincoln Chafee and Chuck Hagel,[50] at which time Powell expressed reservations and mixed reviews about the nomination of John R. Bolton as ambassador to the United Nations, but refrained from advising the senators to oppose Bolton (Powell had clashed with Bolton during Bush's first term).[51] The decision was viewed as potentially dealing significant damage to Bolton's chances of confirmation. Bolton was put into the position via a recess appointment because of the strong opposition in the Senate.
On April 28, 2005, an opinion piece in The Guardian by Sidney Blumenthal (a former top aide to President Bill Clinton) claimed that Powell was in fact "conducting a campaign" against Bolton because of the acrimonious battles they had had while working together, which among other things had resulted in Powell cutting Bolton out of talks with Iran and Libya after complaints about Bolton's involvement from the British. Blumenthal added that "The foreign relations committee has discovered that Bolton made a highly unusual request and gained access to 10 intercepts by the National Security Agency. Staff members on the committee believe that Bolton was probably spying on Powell, his senior advisors and other officials reporting to him on diplomatic initiatives that Bolton opposed."[52]
In July 2005, Powell joined Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers, a well-known Silicon Valley venture capital firm, with the title of "strategic limited partner."
In September 2005, Powell criticized the response to Hurricane Katrina.[53] Powell said that thousands of people were not properly protected, but because they were poor rather than because they were black.
On January 5, 2006, he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials. In September 2006, Powell sided with more moderate Senate Republicans in supporting more rights for detainees and opposing President Bush's terrorism bill. He backed Senators John Warner, John McCain and Lindsey Graham in their statement that U.S. military and intelligence personnel in future wars will suffer for abuses committed in 2006 by the U.S. in the name of fighting terrorism. Powell stated that "The world is beginning to doubt the moral basis of [America's] fight against terrorism."[54]
Also in 2006, Powell began appearing as a speaker at a series of motivational events called Get Motivated, along with former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani. In his speeches for the tour, he openly criticized the Bush Administration on a number of issues. Powell has been the recipient of mild criticism for his role with Get Motivated which has been called a "get-rich-quick-without-much-effort, feel-good schemology."[55]
Most recently he joined the Board of Directors of Steve Case's new company Revolution Health. Powell also serves on the Council on Foreign Relations Board of directors.[56]
Powell, in honor of Martin Luther King Day, dropped the ceremonial first puck at a New York Islanders hockey game at Nassau Coliseum on January 21, 2008. On November 11, 2008, Powell again dropped the puck in recognition of Military Appreciation Day and Veterans Day.[57][58]
Recently, Powell has encouraged young people to continue to use new technologies to their advantage in the future. In a speech at the Center for Strategic and International Studies to a room of young professionals, he said, "That's your generation...a generation that is hard-wired digital, a generation that understands the power of the information revolution and how it is transforming the world. A generation that you represent, and you're coming together to share; to debate; to decide; to connect with each other."[59] At this event, he encouraged the next generation to involve themselves politically on the upcoming Next America Project, which uses online debate to provide policy recommendations for the upcoming administration.
In 2008, Powell served as a spokesperson for National Mentoring Month, a campaign held each January to recruit volunteer mentors for at-risk youth.[60]
Soon after Barack Obama's 2008 election, Powell began being mentioned as a possible cabinet member.[61] He was not nominated.
In September 2009, Powell advised President Obama against surging US forces in Afghanistan.[62] The president announced the surge the following December.
Political views[link]
A moderate Republican, Powell is well known for his willingness to support liberal or centrist causes.[63] He is pro-choice regarding abortion, and in favor of "reasonable" gun control.[63][clarification needed] He stated in his autobiography that he supports affirmative action that levels the playing field, without giving a leg up to undeserving persons because of racial issues. Powell was also instrumental in the 1993 implementation of the military's don't ask, don't tell policy,[63] though he later supported its repeal as proposed by Robert Gates and Admiral Mike Mullen in January 2010, saying "circumstances had changed".[64]
The Vietnam War had a profound effect on Powell's views of the proper use of military force. These views are described in detail in the autobiography My American Journey. The Powell Doctrine, as the views became known, was a central component of US policy in the Gulf War (the first U.S. war in Iraq) and U.S. invasion of Afghanistan (the overthrow of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan following the September 11 attacks). The hallmark of both operations was strong international cooperation, and the use of overwhelming military force.
Powell was the subject of controversy in 2004 when, in a conversation with British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, he reportedly referred to neoconservatives within the Bush administration as "fucking crazies."[65] In addition to being reported in the press (though generally, the expletive was censored in the U.S. press), the quote was used by James Naughtie in his book, The Accidental American: Tony Blair and the Presidency, and by Chris Patten in his book, Cousins and Strangers: America, Britain, and Europe in a New Century.
In a September 2006 letter to Sen. John McCain, General Powell expressed opposition to President Bush's push for military tribunals of those formerly and currently classified as enemy combatants. Specifically, he objected to the effort in Congress to "redefine Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention." He also asserted: "The world is beginning to doubt the moral basis of our fight against terrorism."[66]
View of the U.S. war in Iraq[link]
While Powell was wary of a military solution, he supported the decision to invade Iraq after the administration concluded the diplomatic track had failed. After his departure from the State Department, Powell repeatedly emphasized his continued support for the war.
At the 2007 Aspen Ideas Festival in Colorado,[67] Powell revealed that he had spent two and a half hours explaining to President Bush "the consequences of going into an Arab country and becoming the occupiers." During this discussion, he insisted that the US appeal to the United Nations first, but if diplomacy failed, he would support the invasion: "I also had to say to him that you are the President, you will have to make the ultimate judgment, and if the judgment is this isn't working and we don't think it is going to solve the problem, then if military action is undertaken I'm with you, I support you."[68]
In a 2008 interview on CNN, Powell reiterated his support for the 2003 decision to invade Iraq in the context of his endorsement of Barack Obama, stating: "My role has been very, very straightforward. I wanted to avoid a war. The president [Bush] agreed with me. We tried to do that. We couldn't get it through the U.N. and when the president made the decision, I supported that decision. And I've never blinked from that. I've never said I didn't support a decision to go to war."[69]
Powell's position on the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 has been less clear. In December 2006, he expressed skepticism that the strategy would work and whether the US had enough troops to carry it out successfully. He stated: "I am not persuaded that another surge of troops into Baghdad for the purposes of suppressing this communitarian violence, this civil war, will work."[70] Following his endorsement of Barack Obama in October 2008, however, Powell praised General David Petraeus and US troops, as well as the Iraqi government, concluding that "it's starting to turn around."[69] By mid-2009, he had concluded a surge of US forces in Iraq should have come sooner, perhaps in late 2003.[71] Throughout this period, Powell consistently argued that Iraqi political progress was essential, not just military force.
Role in presidential election of 2008[link]
Powell donated the maximum allowable amount to John McCain's campaign in the summer of 2007[72] and in early 2008, his name was listed as a possible running mate for Republican nominee McCain's bid during the 2008 U.S. presidential election.[73] However, on October 19, 2008, Powell announced his endorsement of Barack Obama during a Meet the Press interview, citing "his ability to inspire, because of the inclusive nature of his campaign, because he is reaching out all across America, because of who he is and his rhetorical abilities," in addition to his "style and substance." He additionally referred to Obama as a "transformational figure".[74][75] Powell further questioned McCain's judgment in appointing Sarah Palin as the vice presidential candidate, stating that despite the fact that she is admired, "now that we have had a chance to watch her for some seven weeks, I don't believe she's ready to be president of the United States, which is the job of the vice president." He said that Obama's choice for vice-president, Joe Biden, was ready to be president. He also added that he was "troubled" by the "false intimations that Obama was Muslim." Powell stated that "[Obama] is a Christian — he's always been a Christian... But the really right answer is, what if he is? Is there something wrong with being a Muslim in this country? The answer's no, that's not America." Powell then referenced Kareem Rashad Sultan Khan, a Muslim American soldier in the U.S. Army who served and died in the Iraq War. He later stated, "Over the last seven weeks, the approach of the Republican Party has become narrower and narrower [...] I look at these kind of approaches to the campaign, and they trouble me."[74][75] Powell concluded his Sunday morning talk show comments, "It isn't easy for me to disappoint Sen. McCain in the way that I have this morning, and I regret that [...] I think we need a transformational figure. I think we need a president who is a generational change and that's why I'm supporting Barack Obama, not out of any lack of respect or admiration for Sen. John McCain."[76] Later in a December 12, 2008, CNN interview with Fareed Zakaria, Powell reiterated his belief that during the last few months of the campaign, Palin pushed the Republican party further to the right and had a polarizing impact on it.[77]
Views on the Obama administration[link]
In a July 2009 CNN interview with John King, Powell expressed concern over President Obama growing the size of the federal government and the size of the federal budget deficit.[78] In September 2010, he criticized the Obama administration for not focusing "like a razor blade" on the economy and job creation. Powell reiterated that Obama was a "transformational figure."[79] In a video that aired on CNN.com in November 2011, Colin Powell said in reference to Barack Obama, " . . . many of his decisions have been quite sound. The financial system was put back on a stable basis."[80]
Views on LGBT issues[link]
In late May 2012 he expressed support for the legalization of same-sex marriage. He had earlier supported the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell.[81]
Personal life[link]
Powell married Alma Johnson on August 25, 1962. Their son, Michael Powell, was the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from 2001 to 2005. His daughters are Linda Powell, an actress and Annemarie Powell. As a hobby, Powell restores old Volvo and Saab cars.[82][83]
Civilian awards and honors[link]
Powell's civilian awards include two Presidential Medals of Freedom, the President's Citizens Medal, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Secretary of State Distinguished Service Medal, the Secretary of Energy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award. Several schools and other institutions have been named in his honor and he holds honorary degrees from universities and colleges across the country.
- In 1988, Powell received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award.
- In 1991, Powell was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George H. W. Bush.
- In 1991, Powell was inducted into the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans,[84] which "honors the achievements of outstanding individuals in U.S. society who have succeeded in spite of adversity and of encouraging young people to pursue their dreams through higher education."
- On September 30, 1993, Powell was awarded his second Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton.
- On November 9, 1993, Powell was awarded the second Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, by President Ronald Reagan. Powell served as Reagan's National Security Advisor from 1987–1989.[85]
- On December 15, 1993, Colin Powell was created an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
- In 1998, he was awarded the prestigious Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy for his commitment to the ideals of "Duty, Honor, Country."
- The 2002 Liberty Medal was awarded to Colin Powell on July 4 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In his acceptance speech, Powell reminded Americans that "It is for America, the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave, to help freedom ring across the globe, unto all the peoples thereof. That is our solemn obligation, and we will not fail."[86]
- The Coat of Arms of Colin Powell was granted by the Lord Lyon in Edinburgh on February 4, 2004. Technically the grant was to Powell's father (a British subject) to be passed on by descent. Scotland's King of Arms is traditionally responsible for granting arms to Commonwealth citizens of Scottish descent. Blazoned as:
The swords and stars refer to the former general's career, as does the crest, which is the badge of the 101st Airborne (which he served as a brigade commander in the mid-1970s). The lion may be an allusion to Scotland. The shield can be shown surrounded by the insignia of an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath (KCB), an award the General received after the first Gulf War.Azure, two swords in saltire points downwards between four mullets Argent, on a chief of the Second a lion passant Gules. On a wreath of the Liveries is set for Crest the head of an American bald-headed eagle erased Proper. And in an escrol over the same this motto, "DEVOTED TO PUBLIC SERVICE."
- In 2005 Powell received the Bishop John T. Walker Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award for his contributions to Africa.
- AARP honored Powell with the 2006 AARP Andrus Award, the Association's highest honor. This award, named in honor of AARP's founder, Dr. Ethel Percy Andrus, is presented biennially to distinguished individuals who have generated positive social change in the world, and whose work and achievements reflect AARP's vision of bringing lifetimes of experience and leadership to serve all generations.
- In 2005 Colin and Alma Powell were awarded the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars of the Smithsonian Institution.
- Colin Powell was initiated as an honorary brother in Sigma Phi Epsilon.
- Powell is a recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America.
- A street in Gelnhausen, Germany was named after him: "General-Colin-Powell-Straße".[87]
- In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Colin Powell on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[88]
- In 2009, an elementary school named for Colin Powell opened in El Paso. It is in the El Paso Independent School District, located on Fort Bliss property, and serves a portion of Fort Bliss. There is also a street in El Paso named for Powell, Colin Powell Drive.
- Powell is an Honorary Board Member of the humanitarian organization Wings of Hope[89]
- Since 2006, he is the chairman of the Board of Trustees for Eisenhower Fellowships[90]
- In 2006, The Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem awarded Colin Powell with the Truman Peace Prize for his efforts to conduct the "war against terrorism," through diplomatic as well as military means, and to avert regional and civil conflicts in many parts of the world.[91]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Preferred pronunciation rhymes with "bowel", not "bowl" (as in Charles Powell, Baron Powell of Bayswater) – see Alexander Chancellor, "You Say Tomato," New Yorker. August 9, 1993, p. 27.
- ^ The first African American secretary of state, Colin Powell, The African American Registry
- ^ Biographies – Colin Powell: United States Secretary of State, African American History Month, US Department of Defense
- ^ Colin Powell, Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ Profile: Colin Powell, BBC News
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of Colin Powell". wargs.com. http://www.wargs.com/political/powell.html. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
- ^ Branigan, Tania (May 12, 2004). "Colin Powell claims Scottish coat of arms". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/may/12/usa.world.
- ^ "Colin Powell's Scottish Ancestry". Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter 9 (20). May 17, 2004. http://www.eogn.com/archives/news0420.htm#ColinPowellsScottishAncestry.
- ^ Daly, Michael (August 2, 2000). "Powell's Old Nabe Boss a Big Backer". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2000/08/02/2000-08-02_powell_s_old_nabe_boss_a_big.html. Retrieved October 19, 2008. "Powell explained that he had joined ROTC. He became an officer after graduation, leaving Sickser's with a smattering of Yiddish..."
- ^ "Major Player: Gen. Colin L. Powell (Ret.)". Washington Post. July 28, 2000. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/elections/gop2000guide/powellpost.htm. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ Biography and Video Interview of Colin Powell at Academy of Achievement.
- ^ "Secretary of State Colin L. Powell (biography)". The White House. April 29, 2003. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/powell-bio.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ "Colin (Luther) Powell Biography (1937 – )". The Biography Channel. A&E Television Networks. http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9445708&page=print. Retrieved May 31, 2007.
- ^ Kearny, Cresson H. (1996). Jungle Snafus...And Remedies. Cave Junction, OR: Oregon Institute of Science & Medicine. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-884067-10-5. OCLC 41447083.
- ^ "Interview on CNN's Larry King Live". New York, New York: U.S. Department of State. May 4, 2004. Archived from the original on January 10, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070110175317/http://www.state.gov/secretary/former/powell/remarks/32160.htm. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ "Online NewsHour: Colin Powell". Pbs.org. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/inauguration/transition/powell.html. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Remarks With Bulgarian President Georgi Purvanov At Award Ceremony for the Stara Planina First Order Medal". Presidential Palace, Coat of Arms Hall, Sofia, Bulgaria: U.S. Department of State. December 7, 2004. http://www.state.gov/secretary/former/powell/remarks/39513.htm.
- ^ "Parvanov-Powell". President of the Republic of Bulgaria. December 7, 2004. http://www.president.bg/en/showphoto.php?id=398. "President Georgi Parvanov awarded US Secretary of State Colin Powell with the highest Bulgarian order "Stara Planina" for his extraordinary services to the advancement of Bulgarian-American relations and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and the United States."
- ^ "The 14 Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff". American Forces Press Service. Joint History Office, U.S. Department of Defense. August 10, 1999. http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=43048. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ Company, Johnson Publishing (March 1991). "U.S. Sen. Kasten Pushing Effort To Award Powell With Historic Fifth Star". Jet 79 (23). ISSN 0021-5996. http://books.google.com/?id=9LoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=%22colin+powell%22+%22fifth+star%22#v=onepage&q=%22colin%20powell%22%20%22fifth%20star%22&f=false. Retrieved February 21, 2011. "...there is a movement afoot in the U.S. Senate to award an historic fifth star to the nation's first Black Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Colin L. Powell for his military proficiency."
- ^ Italia, Bob (1991). Armed Forces: War in the Gulf. Abdo & Daughters. pp. 44–46. ISBN 978-1-56239-026-6. http://books.google.com/?id=L-suZ2qETI4C&dq=%22colin+powell%22+%22five+star%22&q=star#search_anchor. Retrieved February 21, 2011. "Others want to make him a five-star general. [...] Congress is talking about giving him a fifth silver star, which is very rare."
- ^ Stephanopoulos, George (1999). All Too Human: A Political Education. Thorndike Press. pp. 330–331. ISBN 978-0-7862-2016-8. http://books.google.com/?id=YsHmpqx0Qb0C&dq=%22colin+powell%22+%22fifth+star%22&q=%22fifth+star%22#search_anchor. Retrieved February 21, 2011. "Mack asked me to secretly research the procedure for awarding a fifth star to a general. [...] If Powell did challenge Clinton, the fifth star would forestall criticism of the general's military record."
- ^ Hamilton, Nigel (2007). Bill Clinton: Mastering the Presidency. PublicAffairs. pp. 190, 399. ISBN 978-1-58648-516-0. http://books.google.com/?id=HiV3AAAAMAAJ&q=%22colin+powell%22+%22fifth+star%22&dq=%22colin+powell%22+%22fifth+star%22. Retrieved February 21, 2011. "Moreover, for the very reason he admired Colin Powell as the most distinguished living black American, Clinton also feared the general as a potential rival. [...] Bill Clinton had denied Powell his rightful fifth star..."
- ^ Halberstam, David (2001). War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals. Scribner. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-7432-0212-1. http://books.google.com/?id=S8l4AAAAMAAJ&dq=halberstam+clinton+%22fifth+star%22+powell&q=%22fifth+star%22#search_anchor. Retrieved February 22, 2011. "They checked it out and found that the last general to get a fifth star was Omar Bradley forty-three years earlier. Powell, they decided, was not Bradley. Besides, as George Stephanopoulos noted, if they gave him one more star, it might help him one day politically."
- ^ "Remarks at the 2003 Groundhog Job Shadow Day Program, Secretary Colin L. Powell, Remarks and question and answer session with students, Washington, DC, January 31, 2003, excerpt on 1973 Chile coup, Federation of American Scientists". Fas.org. http://www.fas.org/irp/news/2003/02/dos022003.html. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, Interview On Black Entertainment Television's Youth Town Hall, February 20, 2003, excerpt on 1973 U.S. covert action in Chile, Federation of American Scientists". Fas.org. http://www.fas.org/irp/news/2003/02/dos022003.html. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ O'Sullivan, Christopher (2010). Colin Powell: A Political Biography. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-7425-5187-9.
- ^ "Reluctant warrior", The Observer, September 30, 2001.
- ^ Schram, Martin (January 21, 1995). "Don't Count Out Colin Powell". The Seattle Times. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920121&slug=1471329. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ Van Dyk, Ted (September 6, 1990). "Will Powell Run With Bush in '92?". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4D91539F935A3575AC0A966958260. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ Lusane C. Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice: Foreign Policy, Race and the New American Century. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 0-275-98309-9, p. 46
- ^ Apple, R.W. (October 28, 1995). "Life in Iowa May Not Have Changed, But the Political Turf Is Another Story". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06E3DC1F39F93BA15753C1A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
- ^ Berke, Richard L. (October 19, 1995). "New Hampshire Poll Finds Powell With an Edge". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7DB1530F93AA25753C1A963958260. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ^ Clines, Francis X. (November 9, 1995). "The Powell Decision: The Announcement". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A06E5DB1439F93AA35752C1A963958260. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ^ Plissner, Martin (February 7, 2007). "Ready for Obama Already". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/07/opinion/07plissner.html. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ^ "NH US Vice President – R Primary Race – Feb 20, 1996". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=330851. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Colin Powell endorses Obama". CNN Politics. October 9, 2008. http://articles.cnn.com/2008-10-19/politics/colin.powell_1_state-colin-powell-obama-bill-ayers?_s=PM:POLITICS. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ Kessler, Glenn (July 14, 2004). "Powell Flies in the Face of Tradition; The Secretary of State Is Least Traveled in 30 Years". Washington Post: p. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A48010-2004Jul13.html.
- ^ Warrick, Joby (April 12, 2006). "Lacking Biolabs, Trailers Carried Case for War; Administration Pushed Notion of Banned Iraqi Weapons Despite Evidence to Contrary". Washington Post: p. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/11/AR2006041101888.html?sub=AR.
- ^ a b Powell, Secretary Colin L. (February 5, 2003). "Remarks to the United Nations Security Council". New York City: U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on January 9, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070109235502/http://www.state.gov/secretary/former/powell/remarks/2003/17300.htm. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ Lawless, Jill (February 7, 2003). "U.S. Scholar Uncredited in Iraq Report". Associated Press. http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/529. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
- ^ "UK accused of lifting dossier text". CNN. February 7, 2003. http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/02/07/sprj.irq.uk.dossier/index.html.
- ^ Miller, Greg (July 15, 2004). "Flaws Cited in Powell's U.N. Speech on Iraq". Los Angeles Times (reprinted by CommonDreams.org). http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0715-05.htm. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ a b DeYoung, Karen (October 1, 2006). "Falling on His Sword: Colin Powell's most significant moment turned out to be his lowest". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/27/AR2006092700106.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ "Colin Powell on Iraq, Race, and Hurricane Relief". 20/20 (ABC News). September 8, 2005. http://abcnews.go.com/2020/Politics/story?id=1105979&page=1. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ Brancaccio, David (February 3, 2006). "Iraq Pre-War Intelligence". NOW (PBS). http://www.pbs.org/now/politics/wilkerson.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ Pincus, Walter (February 14, 2004). "Support for Intelligence Plan". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18890-2004Sep13.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ Sciolino, Elaine (November 18, 2004). "Exiles Add to Claims on Iran Nuclear Arms". New York Times. http://www.nci.org/04nci/11/pbs/ExilesAdd.htm. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
- ^ Anderson, Cooper (December 31, 2004). "Transcripts: New Year's Eve Special". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0412/31/se.01.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ VandeHei, Jim and Robin Wright (April 22, 2005). "Powell Playing Quiet Role in Bolton Battle". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A7420-2005Apr21.html.
- ^ Borger, Julian (April 23, 2005). "Powell's remarks harm Bolton's chances of UN job". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1468438,00.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ Blumenthal, Sidney (April 28, 2005). "The good soldier's revenge". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,1471879,00.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ "Powell criticises storm response". BBC News. September 9, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4229238.stm.
- ^ "Senators defy Bush on tribunals". BBC News. September 15, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5347564.stm. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ Wilken, Dennis (September 7, 2008). "Down the Rabbit Hole". American Satellite Magazine. http://www.americansatellite.org/2008/08/down-rabbit-hole.html. Retrieved October 10, 2008.
- ^ "Board of Directors". Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/about/people/board_of_directors.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007.
- ^ "islanderspointblank.com". islanderspointblank.com. http://www.islanderspointblank.com/2008/11/philadelphia-3-islanders-1islanders-power-play-kills-islanders/. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "nhl.com". nhl.com. http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=391846. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ Powell, General Colin L, USA (Ret.) (July 8, 2008). "Keynote Address — A New Vision for America's Future: Young Leaders Shaping an International Agenda". CSIS Launch of Next America. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080731221202/http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_events/task,view/id,1721/. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
- ^ "Who Mentored Colin Powell?". President and Fellows of Harvard College. 2008. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/chc/wmy2008/Celebrities/colin_powell.html.
- ^ "Al Gore, Colin Powell, Caroline Kennedy in Obama's Administration? – Washington Whispers". usnews.com. November 11, 2008. http://www.usnews.com/blogs/washington-whispers/2008/11/11/al-gore-colin-powell-caroline-kennedy-in-obamas-administration.html. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Powell advised against Afghan surge," Politico (September 27, 2009). http://www.politico.com/blogs/laurarozen/0909/Powell_advised_against_Afghan_surge.html
- ^ a b c Colin Powell's biography from 'On The Issues'.
- ^ DeYoung, Karen (February 3, 2010). "Colin Powell shifts stance on 'don't ask, don't tell' policy". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/03/AR2010020302292.html. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- ^ Blumenthal, Sidney (November 18, 2004). "Colin and the crazies". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1353796,00.html. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ "Sen. McCain Releases Letter from Gen. Colin Powell," Washington Post (September 14, 2006). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2006/09/14/GR2006091400728.html
- ^ See Official website: Aspen Ideas Festival
- ^ "Conversation with Colin Powell" (PDF). Aspen Ideas Festival. July 2007. http://www.aifestival.org/library/transcript/Powell-Lehrer_transcript.pdf. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
- ^ a b "Powell: Support for Obama doesn't mean Iraq war wrong," CNN (October 19, 2008). http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/19/powell.transcript/
- ^ James M. Klatell, "Powell: We Are Losing In Iraq," CBS (December 17, 2006). http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/17/ftn/main2274583.shtml
- ^ "Powell says Iraq surge should have come earlier," Seattle Times (July 5, 2009). http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/politics/2009420450_apuspowell.html
- ^ Henry, Ed (August 9, 2007). "Powell donates to McCain". CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2007/08/09/powell-donates-to-mccain/. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
- ^ Holland, Steve (March 5, 2008). "McCain now has to pick a vice presidential nominee". Boston Globe. Reuters. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/03/05/mccain_now_has_to_pick_a_vice_presidential_nominee/. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
- ^ a b "Powell endorses Obama for president; Republican ex-Secretary of State calls Democrat 'transformational figure'". Meet the Press (MSNBC and NBC News). October 19, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27265369/. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ^ a b "Meet the Press' transcript for October 19, 2008". MSNBC. October 19, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27266223/. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ^ Ohlemacher, Stephen (October 20, 2008). "Colin Powell endorses Barack Obama for president". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/topstories/2008-10-19-1007802625_x.htm. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Powell on Rush Limbaugh". CNN. July 16, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2008/12/12/gps.powell.limbaugh.cnn. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Powell airs doubts on Obama agenda". The Washington Times. July 3, 2009. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jul/03/powell-airs-doubts-on-obama-agenda/. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ Carrie Budoff Brown, "Colin Powell critical of President Obama," Politico (September 19, 2010). http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0910/42381.html
- ^ "CNN.com Video". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/politics/2011/11/11/bts-piers-colin-powell-intv.cnn?iref=allsearch.
- ^ Gen. Powell Supports Legalized Marriage Equality retrieved 24 May 2012
- ^ Powell, Colin (October 17, 2005). Interview transcript. Interview with Larry King. Larry King Live. CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0510/17/lkl.01.html. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
- ^ Powell, Colin (August 2, 2004). A Conversation with Colin Powell. Interview with P. J. O'Rourke. Washington, D.C.. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200408u/powell. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
- ^ "Colin L. Powell". The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans. undated. http://www.horatioalger.org/members/member_info.cfm?memberid=pow91. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ "The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library. http://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs/cpa/awards.asp. ]
- ^ Powell, Colin (July 4, 2002). "2002 Liberty Medal Acceptance Speech". Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: National Constitution Center. http://www.constitutioncenter.org/libertymedal/recipient_2002_speech.html.
- ^ "Gen. Colin Powell". 1-33rdar.org. http://www.1-33rdar.org/genpowell.htm.
- ^ Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). 100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Amherst, New York. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1-57392-963-8.
- ^ ":.: The Official Wings Of Hope Homepage :.:". Wings-of-hope.org. http://wings-of-hope.org. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ efworld
- ^ "Powell: Friendship with Israel means friendship with Arabs". afhu.org. http://www.afhu.org/files/HUArticles/Powell%20Friendship%20with%20Israel%20Means%20Friendship%20with%20Arabs.pdf.
Further reading[link]
- LaFeber, Walter, "The Rise and Fall of Colin Powell and the Powell Doctrine," Political Science Quarterly, 124 (Spring 2009), 71–93.
- Powell, Colin A. and Joseph Persico, My American Journey, Ballantine Books, 1995. ISBN 0-345-40728-8
- Excerpts from My American Journey, TIME, September 18, 1995
- DeYoung, Karen, Soldier: The Life of Colin Powell, Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. ISBN 1-4000-4170-8
- "Alex Haley's Other Roots: African-Americans with Irish Ancestors". February 25, 2006. http://web.mac.com/jamesdwithrow/iWeb/Site/Blog/0C7FF890-B6D6-4BB1-82B6-A6273F647B88.html. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
External links[link]
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- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Colin Powell on Charlie Rose
- Colin Powell at the Internet Movie Database
- Colin Powell collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Colin Powell collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Works by or about Colin Powell in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Colin Powell: America's Best Leaders from US News & World Report
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Colin Powell Quotes
- African Americans in the U.S. Army
- The American Presidency Project: Remarks on the Retirement of General Colin Powell in Arlington, Virginia, September 30, 1993
- Address to the National Summit on Africa, Washington, DC, February 2000
- Remarks to the United Nations Security Council, February 5, 2003
- Complete text, audio, video of Colin Powell's Remarks to the UN Security Council AmericanRhetoric.com
- "Curveball" Revelations Indicate falsified info used to start Iraq war and esp used for Powell's UN presentation on Iraq WMDs, November 5, 2007
- Colin Powell demands answers over Curveball's WMD lies, Ed Pikington, Helen Pidd and Martin Chulov, The Guardian, February 16, 2011
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Peter Rodman |
Deputy National Security Advisor 1987 |
Succeeded by John Negroponte |
| Preceded by Frank Carlucci |
National Security Advisor 1987–1989 |
Succeeded by Brent Scowcroft |
| Preceded by Madeleine Albright |
United States Secretary of State 2001–2005 |
Succeeded by Condoleezza Rice |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by William Crowe |
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1989–1993 |
Succeeded by David Jeremiah |
| Awards and achievements | ||
| Preceded by Mikhail Gorbachev |
Recipient of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award 1993 |
Succeeded by Yitzhak Rabin |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Powell, Colin |
| Alternative names | Powell, Colin Luther |
| Short description | American statesman, military officer |
| Date of birth | April 5, 1937 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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