- published: 03 Aug 2011
- views: 2014451
- author: Tecc7
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Africa
- Alpine Chough
- American Crow
- Andaman Treepie
- Animal
- Animal cognition
- Animalia
- Aphelocoma
- Apollo
- Arne (mythology)
- Arthur Rackham
- Asia
- Augury
- Australasia
- Australia
- Australian Raven
- Avalokiteśvara
- Aves
- Avian IQ
- Azure Jay
- Azure-hooded Jay
- Azure-naped Jay
- Azure-winged Magpie
- Banggai Crow
- Beautiful Jay
- Bird
- Bismarck Crow
- Black Magpie
- Black-billed Magpie
- Black-chested Jay
- Black-collared Jay
- Black-faced Treepie
- Black-throated Jay
- Blue Jay
- Bornean Treepie
- Bougainville Crow
- Bran the Blessed
- Brown Jay
- Brown-headed Crow
- Brown-necked Raven
- Buddhism
- Bushy-crested Jay
- Canada
- Cane toad
- Cape Crow
- Carolus Linnaeus
- Carrion Crow
- Cayenne Jay
- Chaldean mythology
- Chenrezig
- Chihuahuan Raven
- Chinese mythology
- Chordata
- Chordate
- Chough
- Cissa (genus)
- Clark's Nutcracker
- Collared Crow
- Common Raven
- Continent
- Cornish folklore
- Corvidae
- Corvus (genus)
- Corvus (heraldry)
- Cracked.com
- Crow
- Crypsirina
- Cuban Crow
- Culture hero
- Curl-crested Jay
- Cyanocitta
- Cyanocorax
- Cyanolyca
- Dalai Lama
- Daurian Jackdaw
- Dendrocitta
- Dove
- Dwarf Jay
- East Asia
- Eastern Carrion Crow
- Eating crow
- England
- Epic of Gilgamesh
- Episodic-like memory
- Erasmus
- Ethiopia
- Eurasian Jackdaw
- Eurasian Jay
- Europe
- European Magpie
- Evolution
- Extant taxon
- Extinct
- Extinct in the wild
- Fan-tailed Raven
- Filial piety
- Fish Crow
- Flores Crow
- Florida Scrub Jay
- Forest Raven
- Formosan Blue Magpie
- Fossil record
- Game of chicken
- Garrulus
- Genus
- Gibbon
- Goguryeo Kingdom
- Gray Jay
- Greek mythology
- Green Jay
- Green Magpie
- Grey Crow
- Grey Treepie
- Ground jay
- Hawaii
- Hawaiian crow
- Hawaiian Crow
- Hindu cosmology
- Holarctic
- Hooded Crow
- Hooded Treepie
- House Crow
- Houyi
- Huginn and Muninn
- Human voice
- Illyrians
- Irish mythology
- Ischys
- Island Scrub Jay
- Jackdaw
- Jamaican Crow
- Japanese mythology
- Jay
- Jays
- Jinx
- Joshua Klein
- Jousting
- Jungle Crow
- Kalpavriksha
- Korean Magpie
- Korean mythology
- Krage
- Kumamoto, Japan
- Lanceolated Jay
- Language
- Latin (language)
- Least Concern
- Lemnian
- Lidth's Jay
- Little Crow (bird)
- Little Raven
- Long-billed Crow
- Magpie
- Magpie-jays
- Magpies
- Mahakala
- Mariana Crow
- Maruyama Ōkyo
- Mesopotamian Crow
- Mexican Jay
- Midgard
- Minos
- Mongolian Ground-jay
- Morrigan
- Mount Meru
- Natural England
- Neognathae
- Neornithes
- New Caledonian Crow
- Nidopallium
- Norse mythology
- North America
- Northwestern Crow
- Nutcracker (bird)
- Odin
- Ovid
- Palm Crow
- Pander's Ground Jay
- Parrot
- Passeriformes
- Passerine
- Perisoreus
- Persian Ground-jay
- Pet
- Piapiac
- Pica (genus)
- Pied
- Pied Crow
- Pinyon Jay
- Piping Crow
- Pliny the Elder
- Plush-crested Jay
- PubMed Central
- PubMed Identifier
- Purplish Jay
- Purplish-backed Jay
- Queensland
- Raven
- Raven in mythology
- Red-billed Chough
- Robert Graves
- Rook (bird)
- Rufous Treepie
- San Blas Jay
- Scarecrow
- Short-tailed Magpie
- Siberian Jay
- Sichuan Jay
- Silvery-throated Jay
- Sinaloa Crow
- Slender-billed Crow
- Somali Crow
- South America
- Species
- Spotted Nutcracker
- Steller's Jay
- Sunda Treepie
- Systema Naturae
- Tamaulipas Crow
- TED (conference)
- Template Corvidae
- Tenzin Gyatso
- Thessalian
- Thick-billed Raven
- Three-legged crow
- Tool
- Torresian Crow
- Tower of London
- Treepie
- Trickster
- True Crow
- Tufted Jay
- Turquoise Jay
- Type species
- Unicolored Jay
- United States
- University of Oxford
- Urocissa
- Utnapishtim
- Vending machine
- Veneti
- Violaceous Jay
- Waste
- West Nile virus
- Western Scrub Jay
- White-billed Crow
- White-collared Jay
- White-naped Jay
- White-necked Crow
- White-necked Raven
- White-tailed Jay
- White-throated Jay
- White-winged Magpie
- Wikipedia Media help
- Wikisource
- WP IPA for English
- Xinjiang Ground-jay
- Yellow-billed Magpie
- Yoga Vasistha
- Yucatan Jay
- Śrāddha
-
Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
wn.com/Australia -
Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
wn.com/Canada -
England
England
i/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
wn.com/England -
Ethiopia
Ethiopia (
/ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/) (Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ ʾĪtyōṗṗyā), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2. Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With its capital at Addis Ababa, it is also the most populous landlocked nation in the world.
Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history, and the Ethiopian dynasty traces its roots to the 2nd century BC. Ethiopia is also one of the oldest sites of human existence known to scientists today, having yielded some of humanity's oldest traces. It may be the region from which Homo sapiens first set out for the Middle East and points beyond. Alongside Rome, Persia, China and India, the Ethiopian Aksum Empire was considered one of the great world powers of the 3rd century. During the Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia was the only African country beside Liberia that retained its sovereignty as a recognized independent country, and was one of only four African members of the League of Nations. After a brief period of Italian occupation, Ethiopia became a charter member of the United Nations. When other African nations received their independence following World War II, many of them adopted the colors of Ethiopia's flag, and Addis Ababa became the location of several international organizations focused on Africa.
wn.com/Ethiopia -
Hawaii
Coordinates: 21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W / 21.31139°N 157.79639°W / 21.31139; -157.79639
Hawaii (i/həˈwaɪ.iː/ or /həˈwaɪʔiː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi Hawaiian pronunciation: [hɐˈvɐiʔi]) is the most recent of the 50 U.S. states (August 21, 1959), and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.
Hawaii’s diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches and oceanic surrounding, and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, surfers, biologists, and volcanologists alike. Due to its mid-Pacific location, Hawaii has many North American and Asian influences along with its own vibrant native culture. Hawaii has over a million permanent residents along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu.
The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the island of Hawaiʻi. The last is by far the largest and is often called "The Big Island" to avoid confusion with the state as a whole. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.
wn.com/Hawaii -
Minos
In Greek mythology, Minos (Ancient Greek: Μίνως, Minōs) was a king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years he made King Aegeus pick seven men and seven women to go to Daedalus' creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by The Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in Hades. The Minoan civilization of Crete has been named after him by the archaeologist Arthur Evans. By his wife, Pasiphaë (or some say Crete), he fathered Ariadne, Androgeus, Deucalion, Phaedra, Glaucus, Catreus, Acacallis and Xenodike. By a nymph, Pareia, he had four sons, Eurymedon, Nephalion, Chryses and Philolaus, who were killed by Heracles in revenge for the murder of the latter's two companions; and by Dexithea, one of the Telchines, he had a son Euxanthius. By Androgeneia of Phaestus he had Asterion, who commanded the Cretan contingent in the war between Dionysus and the Indians. Also given as his children are Euryale, possibly the mother of Orion with Poseidon, and Pholegander, eponym of the island Pholegandros.
wn.com/Minos -
Queensland
Coordinates: 23°0′S 143°0′E / 23°S 143°E / -23; 143 Queensland is the second-largest and third-most populous state of Australia, located in the northeast of the country. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, southwest and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,580,700, concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state's South East. The state is the world's sixth largest subnational entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km2. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australia's third largest city. Referred to as the 'Sunshine State', Queensland is home to 10 of Australia's 30 largest cities and is the nation's third largest economy.
Queensland was first occupied by Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who arrived at least 40,000 years ago. The first European to land in Queensland was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1607. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney; New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania. Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement permitted in 1842. Queensland was separated from New South Wales, forming a self-governing colony, on 6 June 1859, a date now celebrated state-wide as Queensland Day. Queensland achieved statehood with the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901.
wn.com/Queensland -
Tower of London
Coordinates: 51°30′29″N 0°4′34″W / 51.50806°N 0.07611°W / 51.50806; -0.07611
Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078, and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison since at least 1100, although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.
wn.com/Tower_of_London -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
University of Oxford
Coordinates: 51°45′40″N 1°15′12″W / 51.7611°N 1.2534°W / 51.7611; -1.2534
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or Oxford) is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096. The University grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. In post-nominals, the University of Oxford was historically abbreviated as Oxon. (from the Latin Oxoniensis), although Oxf is now used in official university publications.
After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge, where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two ancient English universities have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to their cultural and practical associations, as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.
wn.com/University_of_Oxford
-
Arthur Rackham
Arthur Rackham (19 September 1867 – 6 September 1939) was an English book illustrator.
Rackham was born in London as one of 12 children. At the age of 18, he worked as a clerk at the Westminster Fire Office and began studying part-time at the Lambeth School of Art.
In 1892 he left his job and started working for The Westminster Budget as a reporter and illustrator. His first book illustrations were published in 1893 in To the Other Side by Thomas Rhodes, but his first serious commission was in 1894 for The Dolly Dialogues, the collected sketches of Anthony Hope, who later went on to write The Prisoner of Zenda. Book illustrating then became Rackham's career for the rest of his life.
In 1903 he married Edyth Starkie, with whom he had one daughter, Barbara, in 1908. Rackham won a gold medal at the Milan International Exhibition in 1906 and another one at the Barcelona International Exposition in 1912. His works were included in numerous exhibitions, including one at the Louvre in Paris in 1914. Arthur Rackham died in 1939 of cancer in his home in Limpsfield, Surrey.
wn.com/Arthur_Rackham -
Dalai Lama
The Dalai Lama is a high lama in the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" branch of Tibetan Buddhism. The name is a combination of the Sino-Mongolian word далай (dalai) meaning "Ocean" and the Tibetan word བླ་མ་ bla-ma (with a silent "b") meaning "chief, high priest".
In religious terms, the Dalai Lama is believed by his devotees to be the rebirth of a long line of tulkus who are considered to be manifestations of the bodhisattva of compassion, Avalokiteśvara. Traditionally, the Dalai Lama is thought of as the latest reincarnation of a series of spiritual leaders who have chosen to be reborn in order to enlighten others. The Dalai Lama is often thought to be the leader of the Gelug School, but this position belongs officially to the Ganden Tripa, which is a temporary position appointed by the Dalai Lama who, in practice, exerts much influence. The line of Dalai Lamas began as a lineage of spiritual teachers; the 5th Dalai Lama assumed political authority over Tibet.
For certain periods between the 17th century and 1959, the Dalai Lamas sometimes directed the Tibetan government, which administered portions of Tibet from Lhasa. The 14th Dalai Lama remained the head of state for the Central Tibetan Administration ("Tibetan government in exile") until his retirement on March 14, 2011. He has indicated that the institution of the Dalai Lama may be abolished in the future, and also that the next Dalai Lama may be found outside Tibet and may be female. The Chinese government was very quick to reject this and claimed that only it has the authority to select the next Dalai Lama.
wn.com/Dalai_Lama -
Illyrians
The Illyrians (English pronunciation: /ɪˈlɪəriəns/; Ancient Greek: Ἰλλυριοί; Latin: Illyrii or Illyri) were a group of tribes who inhabited part of the western Balkans in antiquity and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula (Messapia). The territory the Illyrians covered came to be known as Illyria to Greek and Roman authors, corresponding to parts of the former Yugoslavia and Albania, between the Adriatic Sea in the west, the Drava river in the north, the Morava river in the east and the mouth of the Vjosë river in the south. The first account of Illyrian peoples comes from Periplus or Coastal Passage, an ancient Greek text of the middle of the 4th century BC.
These tribes, or at least a number of tribes considered "Illyrians proper", are assumed to have been united by a common Illyrian language, of which only small fragments are attested enough to classify it as a branch of Indo-European, while it was extinct by the 5th century AD. However, the name "Illyrians" as applied by the ancient Greeks to their northern neighbors may have referred to a broad, ill-defined group of peoples, and it is today unclear to what extent they were linguistically and culturally homogeneous. In fact, an Illyric origin was and still is attributed also to a few ancient peoples in Italy, in particular the Iapyges, Dauni and Messapi, as it is thought that, most likely, they had shored to the Peninsula, coming from the geographic "Illyria". The Illyrian tribes never collectively regarded themselves as 'Illyrians', and it is unlikely that they used any collective nomenclature for themselves. However, the name Illyrians seems to be the name of a specific Illyrian tribe, which was the first to come in contact with the ancient Greeks during the Bronze Age, causing the name Illyrians to be applied to all people of similar language and customs.
wn.com/Illyrians -
Joshua Klein
Joshua Klein is a technologist who uses systems thinking to create alternative methods of succeeding in divergent fields. He is most widely known for his project designed to train crows to fetch lost change, but has also used this method to write two books (a science fiction novel and a business book), participate in several startups, work for the US Intelligence Community (via the ODNI), and speak at conferences such as Davos and TED.
Klein's first television series, The Link, premiered on The National Geographic Channel on Friday May 25th, 2012, at 7pm EST/PST, 6pm CST. The show is about the history of human innovation, tracing the connections between the world's greatest inventions in art, science, medicine, finance and more, from ancient times up to the present day. Each episode spans a dozen or so technologies, and traces how each one was dependent on the capabilities provided by the one before it. It is a modern version of Jame's Burke's documentary television series, Connections.
Klein's first book, a cyberpunk novel called Roo'd (ISBN 1434844005), was released in 2007 under a Creative Commons Share-alike license. It was made available on the iPhone in one of the first ebook readers for that platform, and later made available via Amazon.com.
wn.com/Joshua_Klein -
Maruyama Ōkyo
Maruyama Ōkyo (円山 応挙, traditional characters: 圓山 應舉?, June 12, 1733 – August 31, 1795), born Maruyama Masataka, was a Japanese artist active in the late 18th century. He moved to Kyoto, during which he studied artworks from Chinese, Japanese and Western sources. A personal style of Western naturalism mixed with Eastern decorative design emerged, and Ōkyo founded the Maruyama school of painting. Although many of his fellow artists criticized his work as too slavishly devoted to natural representation, it proved a success with laymen.
Ōkyo was born into a farming family in Ano-o, in present-day Kameoka, Kyoto. As a teenager, he moved to Kyoto and joined the townspeople (chōnin) class. He apprenticed for a toy shop, where he painted the faces onto dolls. The shop began selling European stereoscopes, novelties that when looked into presented the illusion of a three-dimensional image. It was Ōkyo's first look at Western-style perspective, and in 1767 he tried his hand at one of the images. He created Harbour View, a small picture in single-point perspective. Ōkyo soon mastered the techniques of drawing stereoscope images (Japanese: megane-e, eyeglass pictures).
wn.com/Maruyama_Ōkyo -
Ovid
Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who is best known as the author of the three major collections of poetry: Heroides, Amores, and Ars Amatoria, and of the Metamorphoses, a mythological hexameter poem. He is also well known for the Fasti, about the Roman calendar; and the Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto, two collections of poems written in exile on the Black Sea. Ovid was also the author of several smaller pieces, the Remedia Amoris, the Medicamina Faciei Femineae, and the long curse-poem Ibis. He also authored a lost tragedy, Medea. He is considered a master of the elegiac couplet, and is traditionally ranked alongside Virgil and Horace as one of the three canonic poets of Latin literature. The scholar Quintilian considered him the last of the canonical Latin love elegists. His poetry, much imitated during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, decisively influenced European art and literature and remains as one of the most important sources of classical mythology.
wn.com/Ovid -
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – August 25, 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian. Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, which became a model for all such works written subsequently. Pliny the Younger, his nephew, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:
Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars. Pliny the Elder died on August 25, 79 AD, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The prevailing wind would not allow his ship to leave the shore. His companions attributed his collapse and death to toxic fumes; but they were unaffected by the fumes, suggesting natural causes.
wn.com/Pliny_the_Elder -
Robert Graves
Robert von Ranke Graves (also known as Robert Ranke Graves and most commonly Robert Graves) 24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985 was an English poet, scholar/translator/writer of antiquity specializing in Classical Greece and Rome, and novelist. During his long life he produced more than 140 works. Graves's poems—together with his translations and innovative analysis and interpretations of the Greek myths, his memoir of his early life, including his role in the First World War, Goodbye to All That, and his pseudo-historical study of poetic inspiration, The White Goddess—have never been out of print.
He earned his living from writing, particularly popular historical novels such as I, Claudius, King Jesus, The Golden Fleece, and Count Belisarius. He also was a prominent translator of Classical Latin and Ancient Greek texts; his versions of The Twelve Caesars and The Golden Ass remain popular today for their clarity and entertaining style. Graves was awarded the 1934 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for both I, Claudius and Claudius the God.
wn.com/Robert_Graves
Crow: Wicked Prayer, The (2004)
Actors
- Edward Furlong
- David Boreanaz
- Tara Reid
- Dennis Hopper
- Emmanuelle Chriqui
- Marcus Chong
- Tito Ortiz
- Yuji Okumoto
- Dave Ortiz
- Macy Gray
- Danny Trejo
- Jorge Jimenez
- David Lea
- Rena Owen
Director
Crowe, Don Filmography
Crow, Don Filmography
Crow Filmography
Somewhere on a lonely
muddy country road
I heard your song, crow,
for the first time.
Somewhere in the distance
wicked, black and low
Made me feel as I was
running from a crime.
Some say she died of drowning
in the river deep
Some say she died of a sudden
start
Some say they found her
swinging from my old
man's tree
And some folks say she
died of a broken heart.
I can't believe they would
pay men just to hunt me
down
But silver coins to each one
do they give
And by now there's a
gallows
Standing in the town
And I wonder how much
more I have to live
And I wonder how much
more I have to live.
Somewhere on a lonely
muddy country road
I heard your song, crow,
for the last time.
Somewhere in the distance
wicked, black and low
Made me feel as I was
running from a crime
Made me feel as I was
running...
The crows the crows
Sitting on a fence
Voices disappear behind a bank of clouds
It's a dismal forecast
Her torn up skirt a backdrop
And drop she does
The crows the crows
Oh no the crows
The crows the crows
The crows the crows
Lawnmower Joe
Cut himself up on stones
The crows the crows
A little too close for comfort
A park boy curious about a homeless halfway house
Crying crumpled
Oh no the crows
The crows the crows
She might shape up real nice
One of those
The crows the crows
Oh no the crows
The crows the crows
Oh no the crows
She's not intimidated
A used up rag wasted
The crows scratch out my errant thoughts
Into some order
Line them up on a fence
I look around
They've flown
Oh no the crows
The crows the crows
Oh no the crows
It must be strange to just fall from the stage
And snap a bone that is so close to the brain
And be attended to by so many down below
I saw a doctor tie you up from so far above
And you start singing just like light through a black floor
You start sliding like burned skin to a side door
Refrain:
But crow, when you throw yourself under
Singin's hard when you can't loose control
They don't know, to them in the dark you don't whisper nothin'
And they're all gonna try and rip the wind from your soul
It must have been hard to be a cashier in a bookstore
And to be surrounded by the history of your true loves
And you'd get naked between the deep shelves in the backroom
And have your brain get tan by sharp fluorescent light tubes
And you start spinning like the pillars in the temple
You'd start screaming just like sister aimee semple
But crow, when you throw yourself under
The streets are hard when you cannot lose control
They don't know, to them the dark don't whisper nothin'
And they're all gonna try and rip the wind from your soul
Crow
It was so sweet when you brought donuts to the junkies
Hey, you'd give us something we'd go slip into our coffee
And we'd start reading lines from poems that didn't matter
You covered me with blankets in the chelsea hotel lobby
And I'd start reachin' for the scar along your belly
They'd start takin' us 'cause winning is their hobby
It must be strange to just fall from the stage
and snap a bone that is so close to the brain
And be attended to by so many down below
I saw a doctor tie you up from so far above
And you start singing just like light through a black floor
You start sliding like burned skin to a side door
Refrain:
But crow, when you throw yourself under
Singin's hard when you can't loose control
They don't know, to them in the dark you don't whisper nothin'
And they're all gonna try and rip the wind from your soul
It must have been hard to be a cashier in a bookstore
And to be surrounded by the history of your true loves
And you'd get naked between the deep shelves in the backroom
And have your brain get tan by sharp fluorescent light tubes
And you start spinning like the pillars in the temple
You'd start screaming just like Sister Aimee Semple
But Crow, when you throw yourself under
The streets are hard when you cannot lose control
They don't know, to them the dark don't whisper nothin'
And they're all gonna try and rip the wind from your soul
Crow
It was so sweet when you brought donuts to the junkies
Hey, you'd give us something we'd go slip into our coffee
And we'd start reading lines from poems that didn't matter
You covered me with blankets in the Chelsea Hotel lobby
And I'd start reachin' for the scar along your belly
They'd start takin' us 'cause winning is their hobby
Repeat Refrain
ALBUMS
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Ghost at the Crossroads
- The Whole World Turns
- Stray Leanne
- Every Little Thing
- Almost Saturday
- The Editor's Gone
- She's Higher Than the Light
- Cold Wind Hollow
- Knee Deep in Mud
- A Great Day
- My Show Is Off the Air
- Hesitate
- Barbarous Things
- Evil Woman
- Cottage Cheese
- I Need Love
- Don't Try to Lay No Boogie Woogie on the King of Rock and Roll
- Colors
- Yellow Dawg
- Slow Down
- Time to Make a Turn
- Busy Day
- Keep Me Runnin
- Satisfied
- Gonna Leave a Mark
- Smokey Joe
- I Stand to Blame
- Mobile Blues
- I Want Sunshine
- Heading North
- Gone, Gone, Gone
- Watching Can Waste Up the Time
- A broken machine
- Animal husbandry
- Hate need
- Swollen venus
- Bobby pin
- Mirrors trouble
- Whatever does connect us
- Press on let go
- Head on feet off
- Plagiarise
- Who are you?
- Throwaway
- Moulderain's Morrow
- The Seed Carrier
- The Failures Rise
- Eleven. The Old World
- Under a Mellow Cloud
- The Forbidden Traveler
- Whereon Another Appear
- The Encircled Meeting
- Farewell to Some
- Eventide Sigh
- Prisoner (for Jean Genet)
- Your Motive
- Railhead
- Eyes r Bruised
- Swive
- LhLh
- Never Said
- How & Why Wonder
- Light
- EJ
- The Old Blue Rockpile
- I Stand to Blame
- Colors
- Smokey Joe
- Medley: Death Down to Your Soul / Get Yourself a Number / Annie Fannie / Tha Last Prayer
- Slow Down
- Heading North
- Cottage Cheese
- Gone, Gone, Gone
- Evil Woman (Don't Play Your Games With Me)
- White Eyes
- Thoughts
- Da Da Song
- Busy Day
- Time to Make a Turn
- Rollin'
- Listen to the Bop
- Gonna Leave a Mark
- Sleepy Woman
- Kilkeel
- Privlige
- Least Entitled
- Big Idle
- Paper Eyes
- Uncontrol The Soul
- The Buddha Salute
- Angel Lily
- Little Scars
- White Knuckles
- Smothered
- Rabbits
- After All
- Evil Woman
- Cottage Cheese
- I Need Love
- (Don't Try to Lay No Boogie Woogie on The) King of Rock and Roll
- Colors
- Yellow Dawg
- Slow Down
- Time to Make a Turn
- Busy Day
- Keeps Me Runnin'
- Satisfied
- Gonna Leave a Mark
- Smokey Joe
- I Stand to Blame
- Mobile Blues
- I Want Sunshine
- Heading North
- Gone, Gone, Gone
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The Crow 1994 - Full Movie - HQ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 97:29
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
A man brutally murdered comes back to life as an undead avenger of his and his fiancée's murder. ******* No Copyright Intended ********
http://wn.com/The_Crow_1994_Full_Movie_HQ
A man brutally murdered comes back to life as an undead avenger of his and his fiancée's murder. ******* No Copyright Intended ********
Wild crows inhabiting the city use it to their advantage - David Attenborough - BBC wildlife
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Many birds adapt to metropolitan life, in this clip you can see how crows in Japan have integrated city life into their behaviour. From the BBC.
http://wn.com/Wild_crows_inhabiting_the_city_use_it_to_their_advantage_David_Attenborough_BBC_wildlife
Many birds adapt to metropolitan life, in this clip you can see how crows in Japan have integrated city life into their behaviour. From the BBC.
- published: 12 Feb 2007
- views: 852242
- author: BBCWorldwide
The Cure - Burn 1994 HQ (The Crow)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:41
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Enjoy this video by my favorite band of all my life..... The Cure (Robert Smith......come to Perú¡¡ ) plss¡ u,__u....LYRICS::"Don't look don't look" the shadows breathe Whispering me away from you "Don't wake at night to watch her sleep You know that you will always lose This trembling Adored Tousled bird mad girl... " But every night I burn But every night I call your name Every night I burn Every night I fall again "Oh don't talk of love" the shadows purr Murmuring me away from you "Don't talk of worlds that never were The end is all that's ever true There's nothing you can ever say Nothing you can ever do... " Still every night I burn Every night I scream your name Every night I burn Every night the dream's the same Every night I burn Waiting for my only friend Every night I burn Waiting for the world to end "Just paint your face" the shadows smile Slipping me away from you "Oh it doesn't matter how you hide Find you if we're wanting to So slide back down and close your eyes Sleep a while You must be tired... " But every night I burn Every night I call your name Every night I burn Every night I fall again Every night I burn Scream the animal scream Every night I burn Dream the crow black dream Dream the crow black dream...
http://wn.com/The_Cure_Burn_1994_HQ_The_Crow
Enjoy this video by my favorite band of all my life..... The Cure (Robert Smith......come to Perú¡¡ ) plss¡ u,__u....LYRICS::"Don't look don't look" the shadows breathe Whispering me away from you "Don't wake at night to watch her sleep You know that you will always lose This trembling Adored Tousled bird mad girl... " But every night I burn But every night I call your name Every night I burn Every night I fall again "Oh don't talk of love" the shadows purr Murmuring me away from you "Don't talk of worlds that never were The end is all that's ever true There's nothing you can ever say Nothing you can ever do... " Still every night I burn Every night I scream your name Every night I burn Every night the dream's the same Every night I burn Waiting for my only friend Every night I burn Waiting for the world to end "Just paint your face" the shadows smile Slipping me away from you "Oh it doesn't matter how you hide Find you if we're wanting to So slide back down and close your eyes Sleep a while You must be tired... " But every night I burn Every night I call your name Every night I burn Every night I fall again Every night I burn Scream the animal scream Every night I burn Dream the crow black dream Dream the crow black dream...
- published: 21 Sep 2009
- views: 3280122
- author: Gotica CureHD
| Brandon Lee: The Crow (1994) | Full Movie HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 101:52
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Directed by Alex Proyas ------------------------------- Cast ------------------------------- Starring Brandon Lee as Eric Draven Rochelle Davis as Sarah Ernie Hudson as Sgt. Albrecht Michael Wincott as Top Dollar Bai Ling as Myca Sofia Shinas as Shelly Webster Anna Levine as Darla David Patrick Kelly as T-Bird Angel David as Skank Laurence Mason as Tin-Tin Michael Massee as Funboy Tony Todd as Grange Jon Polito as Gideon Bill Raymond as Mickey Marco Rodríguez as Torres ------------------------------- In loving memory of Brandon Lee. Rest in peace Brandon Lee.
http://wn.com/|_Brandon_Lee_The_Crow_1994_|_Full_Movie_HD
Directed by Alex Proyas ------------------------------- Cast ------------------------------- Starring Brandon Lee as Eric Draven Rochelle Davis as Sarah Ernie Hudson as Sgt. Albrecht Michael Wincott as Top Dollar Bai Ling as Myca Sofia Shinas as Shelly Webster Anna Levine as Darla David Patrick Kelly as T-Bird Angel David as Skank Laurence Mason as Tin-Tin Michael Massee as Funboy Tony Todd as Grange Jon Polito as Gideon Bill Raymond as Mickey Marco Rodríguez as Torres ------------------------------- In loving memory of Brandon Lee. Rest in peace Brandon Lee.
- published: 27 Jan 2012
- views: 183067
- author: Andy SkullCandy
The Crow Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
The name of the song is Immediate Music - With Great Power (Choir) Thank you, Theodin93! :)
http://wn.com/The_Crow_Trailer
The name of the song is Immediate Music - With Great Power (Choir) Thank you, Theodin93! :)
- published: 30 Sep 2006
- views: 984495
- author: xhopefulx
Rachel Crow - Mean Girls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Music video by Rachel Crow performing Mean Girls. (C) 2012 Simco Ltd. under exclusive license to Columbia Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment iTunes: smarturl.it Amazon: smarturl.it
http://wn.com/Rachel_Crow_Mean_Girls
Music video by Rachel Crow performing Mean Girls. (C) 2012 Simco Ltd. under exclusive license to Columbia Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment iTunes: smarturl.it Amazon: smarturl.it
- published: 02 Jul 2012
- views: 5844164
- author: RachelCrowMusicVEVO
The Crow (1994) Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Screening at the Coney Island Film Society, Saturday June 6, 2009, 8:30pm. Coney Island Museum 1208 Surf Ave. Brooklyn, NY. $5. Free Popcorn! www.coneyisland.com
http://wn.com/The_Crow_1994_Trailer
Screening at the Coney Island Film Society, Saturday June 6, 2009, 8:30pm. Coney Island Museum 1208 Surf Ave. Brooklyn, NY. $5. Free Popcorn! www.coneyisland.com
- published: 06 May 2009
- views: 139862
- author: ConeyIsUSA
Sheryl Crow - If It Makes You Happy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Music video by Sheryl Crow performing If It Makes You Happy. (C) 1996 A&M; Records
http://wn.com/Sheryl_Crow_If_It_Makes_You_Happy
Music video by Sheryl Crow performing If It Makes You Happy. (C) 1996 A&M; Records
- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 5543843
- author: SherylCrowVEVO
playing ball....
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
crow and dog playing with pingpongball from: www.massage-zintel.de MAY 2012..ok...a lot of questions...here are some answers : the wings are NOT cliped (see that in "tin can, i love you").....i did not trained the crow, i just found it near the woods as a very little bird and no parents seen for over 1 hour... told the dog (yes, she is old but NOT fat...its a lot of hair...) that we have a new friend...showed it how to fly (no, i did NOT run over the grass flapping with my arms...) wenn it could fly, it was gone for a wile, but then cam back nearly every day for playing and asking for food..(sometimes it brought stolen things from the neighbors and i had to bring it back ;-) and YES, i am a bad@ss ;-)
http://wn.com/playing_ball
crow and dog playing with pingpongball from: www.massage-zintel.de MAY 2012..ok...a lot of questions...here are some answers : the wings are NOT cliped (see that in "tin can, i love you").....i did not trained the crow, i just found it near the woods as a very little bird and no parents seen for over 1 hour... told the dog (yes, she is old but NOT fat...its a lot of hair...) that we have a new friend...showed it how to fly (no, i did NOT run over the grass flapping with my arms...) wenn it could fly, it was gone for a wile, but then cam back nearly every day for playing and asking for food..(sometimes it brought stolen things from the neighbors and i had to bring it back ;-) and YES, i am a bad@ss ;-)
- published: 30 Aug 2008
- views: 4695162
- author: MASSEUR1956
Smart crow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:37
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
A very smart crow
http://wn.com/Smart_crow
Rachel Crow -The X Factor (If I Were a Boy)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Rachel_Crow_-The_X_Factor_If_I_Were_a_Boy
Crow and cat
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
...loveliness.. Crow Crow...loveliness..
http://wn.com/Crow_and_cat
The Crow Full Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 97:27
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Loved this movie since I was a kid. Enjoy *No copyright infringement intended* owned or licensed by EMI and PublishingMovieclips . Production Co: Crowvision Inc., Edward R. Pressman Film, Entertainment Media Investment Corporation
http://wn.com/The_Crow_Full_Movie
Loved this movie since I was a kid. Enjoy *No copyright infringement intended* owned or licensed by EMI and PublishingMovieclips . Production Co: Crowvision Inc., Edward R. Pressman Film, Entertainment Media Investment Corporation
- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 217927
- author: pimpchic1
TEDTalks : The amazing intelligence of crows - Joshua Klein
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:47
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Hacker and writer Joshua Klein is fascinated by crows. (Notice the gleam of intelligence in their little black eyes?) After a long amateur study of corvid behavior, he's come up with an elegant machine that may form a new bond between animal and human. (2008)
http://wn.com/TEDTalks_The_amazing_intelligence_of_crows_Joshua_Klein
Hacker and writer Joshua Klein is fascinated by crows. (Notice the gleam of intelligence in their little black eyes?) After a long amateur study of corvid behavior, he's come up with an elegant machine that may form a new bond between animal and human. (2008)
- published: 15 May 2008
- views: 278958
- author: Christopher Brewster
Joshua Klein: The intelligence of crows
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:34
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
www.ted.com Hacker and writer Joshua Klein is fascinated by crows. (Notice the gleam of intelligence in their little black eyes?) After a long amateur study of corvid behavior, he's come up with an elegant machine that may form a new bond between animal and human.
http://wn.com/Joshua_Klein_The_intelligence_of_crows
www.ted.com Hacker and writer Joshua Klein is fascinated by crows. (Notice the gleam of intelligence in their little black eyes?) After a long amateur study of corvid behavior, he's come up with an elegant machine that may form a new bond between animal and human.
- published: 19 May 2008
- views: 130466
- author: TEDtalksDirector
Sheryl Crow - Everyday Is A Winding Road
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Music video by Sheryl Crow performing Everyday Is A Winding Road. (C) 1996 A&M; Records
http://wn.com/Sheryl_Crow_Everyday_Is_A_Winding_Road
Music video by Sheryl Crow performing Everyday Is A Winding Road. (C) 1996 A&M; Records
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 1233487
- author: SherylCrowVEVO
Kid Rock - "Collide" ft. Sheryl Crow [Official Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Watch the official video for Kid Rock "Collide" featuring the one and only, Sheryl Crow Watch the best Kid Rock videos on YouTube here: www.youtube.com Official website: www.kidrock.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Subscribe: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Kid_Rock_Collide_ft_Sheryl_Crow_Official_Video_
Watch the official video for Kid Rock "Collide" featuring the one and only, Sheryl Crow Watch the best Kid Rock videos on YouTube here: www.youtube.com Official website: www.kidrock.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Subscribe: www.youtube.com
- published: 25 Mar 2011
- views: 2524779
- author: KidRockVideos
Counting Crows - Mr. Jones
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Music video by Counting Crows performing Mr. Jones. (C) 1993 Geffen Records
http://wn.com/Counting_Crows_Mr_Jones
Music video by Counting Crows performing Mr. Jones. (C) 1993 Geffen Records
- published: 17 Jun 2009
- views: 12307244
- author: CountingCrowsVEVO
![Kid Rock - Picture ft. Sheryl Crow [Official Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130117154221im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/rKFx0MMqb48/default.jpg "Kid Rock - Picture ft. Sheryl Crow [Official Video]")
Kid Rock - Picture ft. Sheryl Crow [Official Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
© 2010 WMG. Visit Kid Rock's Official Website kidrock.com From the album "Cocky".
http://wn.com/Kid_Rock_Picture_ft_Sheryl_Crow_Official_Video_
© 2010 WMG. Visit Kid Rock's Official Website kidrock.com From the album "Cocky".
- published: 15 Nov 2010
- views: 9284281
- author: KidRockVideos
Michelle Alexander: Drug War Racism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 67:44
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Litigator-turned-legal-scholar Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow, argues that we have not ended racial caste in America, we have simply redesigned it: The US criminal justice system functions as a contemporary means of racial control, even as it formally adheres to the principle of color blindness. Her provocative new book challenges the civil rights community—and all of us—to place mass incarceration at the forefront of a new movement for racial justice in America. As the United States celebrates the nation's triumph over race with the election of Barack Obama, the majority of young black men in major American cities are locked behind bars or have been labeled felons for life. Event at Demos February 18, 2010. Camera, edit Joe Friendly.
http://wn.com/Michelle_Alexander_Drug_War_Racism
Litigator-turned-legal-scholar Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow, argues that we have not ended racial caste in America, we have simply redesigned it: The US criminal justice system functions as a contemporary means of racial control, even as it formally adheres to the principle of color blindness. Her provocative new book challenges the civil rights community—and all of us—to place mass incarceration at the forefront of a new movement for racial justice in America. As the United States celebrates the nation's triumph over race with the election of Barack Obama, the majority of young black men in major American cities are locked behind bars or have been labeled felons for life. Event at Demos February 18, 2010. Camera, edit Joe Friendly.
- published: 19 Feb 2010
- views: 101252
- author: Joe Friendly
Rachel Crow - If I Were A Boy (Beyoncé cover) - The X Factor USA - Boot Camp
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Official version www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Rachel_Crow_If_I_Were_A_Boy_Beyoncé_cover_The_X_Factor_USA_Boot_Camp
Rachel Crow - The X Factor US - Audition - Mercy(Full Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Disclaimer: I take no responsibility for the performance shown in this video. The performance shown is the sole property The X Factor, US THE X FACTOR ™ & ©, is a registered trademark of 2011 FremantleMedia North America, Inc. and Simco Limited. All Rights Reserved. ® and © FOX and its related entities; SyCo TV. Meet 13 yr old, Rachel Crow from California. Wow, what an AMAZING personality. This girl needs her own television show. Her song choice of 'Mercy' by Duffy, suited her voice. This is a Star in the Making! Cute! :)
http://wn.com/Rachel_Crow_The_X_Factor_US_Audition_MercyFull_Version
Disclaimer: I take no responsibility for the performance shown in this video. The performance shown is the sole property The X Factor, US THE X FACTOR ™ & ©, is a registered trademark of 2011 FremantleMedia North America, Inc. and Simco Limited. All Rights Reserved. ® and © FOX and its related entities; SyCo TV. Meet 13 yr old, Rachel Crow from California. Wow, what an AMAZING personality. This girl needs her own television show. Her song choice of 'Mercy' by Duffy, suited her voice. This is a Star in the Making! Cute! :)
- published: 22 Sep 2011
- views: 3982432
- author: kellymdickpromotions
Chockablock - Crow - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:13
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
BBC preschool programme from 1981, presented alternately by Carol Leader (as in this video - she looks rather a lot more manic than I remember) and Fred Harris (interestingly, before he became an actual schools IT programme presenter). This one's about a crow, apparently. And I'm sure I wasn't the only one who wanted one of those yellow buggies.
http://wn.com/Chockablock_Crow_Part_1
BBC preschool programme from 1981, presented alternately by Carol Leader (as in this video - she looks rather a lot more manic than I remember) and Fred Harris (interestingly, before he became an actual schools IT programme presenter). This one's about a crow, apparently. And I'm sure I wasn't the only one who wanted one of those yellow buggies.
- published: 14 Oct 2008
- views: 142303
- author: TributeToThePast
photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki
16 Jan 2013
YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The 787, known as the Dreamliner, is Boeing's newest and most technologically advanced jet, and the company is counting heavily on its success ... The grounding was done voluntarily by the airlines ... The U.S ... U.S....(size: 11.1Kb)
photo: AP / BP
16 Jan 2013
IN what could be the first spillover from France's intervention in Mali, Islamist militants attacked and occupied a natural gas complex partly operated by energy company BP in southern Algeria. Two foreigners were killed and dozens of others, including Americans, were taken hostage ... It said it was holding 41 foreigners, including seven Americans ... Recommended Coverage. Al-Qaeda seize hostages in Algeria. End of sidebar ... . ....(size: 7.4Kb)
photo: French MoD photo
16 Jan 2013
BAMAKO, Mali -- After a punishing bombing campaign failed to halt the advance of al-Qaida-linked fighters, France pledged Tuesday to triple the size of its force in Mali, sending in hundreds more troops as it prepared for a land assault to dislodge the militants occupying the country's northern half ... On Tuesday, France announced that it was increasing the number of troops from 800 to 2,500 ... "We have one objective ... On Tuesday, U.S ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
16 Jan 2013
JULIE PACE. Associated Press= WASHINGTON (AP) — Braced for a fight, President Barack Obama on Wednesday unveiled the most sweeping proposals for curbing gun violence in two decades, pressing a reluctant Congress to pass universal background checks and bans on military-style assault weapons and high-capacity ammunition magazines like the ones used in the Newtown, Conn., school shooting ... "And Congress must act soon." ... World news....(size: 9.2Kb)
photo: WN / Jamal Penjweny
15 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON. Suicides in the U.S. military surged to a record 349 last year, far exceeding American combat deaths in Afghanistan, and some private experts are predicting the dark trend will grow worse this year. The Pentagon has struggled to deal with the suicides, which Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and others have called an epidemic ... Last year’s total is the highest since the Pentagon began closely tracking suicides in 2001 ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
NME
17 Jan 2013
Russell Crowe has spoken out about new Superman movie Man Of Steel, calling it "very complex" ... Crowe co-stars as Jor-El, Superman's biological father. In a new interview with Reelz, Crowe echoed Cavill's comments, revealing that Man Of Steel delves deeper into the superhero's psyche. Crowe explained....(size: 1.4Kb)
The Examiner
17 Jan 2013
BROKEN CITY from 20th Century Fox starring Mark Wahlberg, Russell Crowe, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Kyle Chandler and Barry Pepper ... Ex-cop-turned-private-investigator (Wahlberg) is hired by the mayor (Crowe) to find out if his wife (Zeta-Jones) is cheating on him ... Crowe has also had some solid moments on film including "The Insider (1999), "Gladiator" (2000) and "A Beautiful Mind" (2001)....(size: 2.0Kb)
Newstrack India
17 Jan 2013
Los Angeles, Jan 17 (IANS) Actor Russell Crowe has dismissed reports that he is dating Dita Von Teese, insisting they are just friends ... But Crowe has shot down the speculation about his love life....(size: 1.5Kb)
IMDb
17 Jan 2013
Russell Crowe, who will play Jor-El in the film, had these positive things to say about the job Snyder did.. “It’s very complicated, it’s really complex ... - Andy Greene. ....(size: 0.9Kb)
IMDb
17 Jan 2013
Fresh from giving his vocal chords a workout on Les Miserables, Russell Crowe is looking forward to something equally ......(size: 0.6Kb)
Fresno Bee
17 Jan 2013
Sacramento Bee
17 Jan 2013
It's a filthy place, this "Broken City." ... The mayor (Russell Crowe) slaps him on the back, and says "I like having my picture taken with heroes." ... Cut to seven years later ... At least he's on the wagon ... Crowe plays the mayor's working-class background as a barely hidden resentment, making him menacing even when he's glad-handing supporters ... Mark Wahlberg, Russell Crowe, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Jeffrey Wright, Barry Pepper, Natalie Martinez....(size: 3.8Kb)
Detroit Free Press
17 Jan 2013
What is surprising -- and frustrating, really -- is that these characters never feel like real people, despite a series of twists that should reveal hidden, unexpected facets of their personalities and despite being played by big-name stars like Mark Wahlberg, Russell Crowe and Catherine Zeta-Jones ... Crowe is singularly sleazy behind his inconsistent New York accent....(size: 2.8Kb)
my SA
17 Jan 2013
Then there's Russell Crowe as the mayor, who goes into a televised debate with his opponent and shows all the world how to win an election in New York City ... For years, Crowe has been playing brooding parts, but his role here, as the mayor — magnetic, dangerous, multisided — recalls the exuberance of his early, star-making roles in Australia....(size: 3.3Kb)
The Wichita Eagle
17 Jan 2013
What is surprising - and frustrating, really - is that these characters never feel like real people, despite a series of twists that should reveal hidden, unexpected facets of their personalities and despite being played by big-name stars including Mark Wahlberg, Russell Crowe and Catherine Zeta-Jones ... Crowe is singularly sleazy behind his inconsistent New York accent....(size: 3.0Kb)
Star Tribune
17 Jan 2013
The New York Times
17 Jan 2013
He left his wife, got engaged to the singer Sheryl Crow. He said he broke up with Sheryl Crow because of her “biological clock.” The New York Post had him dating one of the Olsen twins ... games.” And, she said, she had some sympathy for Armstrong, “until I saw how he treated Sheryl Crow.” ... Maybe something about Sheryl Crow....(size: 10.2Kb)
For other uses, see Crow (disambiguation).
| Crow | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Corvidae |
| Genus: | Corvus Linnaeus, 1758 |
Crows (English: /kroʊ/) form the genus Corvus in the family Corvidae. Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-size jackdaws (Eurasian and Daurian) to the Common Raven of the Holarctic region and Thick-billed Raven of the highlands of Ethiopia, the 40 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate continents (except South America) and several offshore and oceanic islands (except for a few, which included Hawaii, which had the Hawaiian crow that went extinct in the wild in 2002). In the United States and Canada, the word "crow" is used to refer to the American Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos.
The crow genus makes up a third of the species in the Corvidae family. Crows appear to have evolved in Asia from the corvid stock, which had evolved in Australia. A group of crows is called a flock or, more poetically, a murder,[1] But the term “murder of crows” mostly reflects a time when groupings of many animals had colorful and poetic names. For example, other “group” names include: an ostentation of peacocks, a parliament of owls, a knot of frogs, and a skulk of foxes.[2]
Recent research has found some crow species capable not only of tool use but of tool construction as well.[3] Crows are now considered to be among the world's most intelligent animals.[4] The Jackdaw and the European Magpie have been found to have a nidopallium approximately the same relative size as the functionally equivalent neocortex in chimpanzees and humans, and significantly larger than is found in the gibbon.[5]
Contents |
Description[link]
Corvus species are all black or black with little white or gray plumage. They are stout with strong bills and legs. The sexes are not very different in appearance.
Evolutionary history and systematics[link]
Further information: Corvidae
Crows appear to have evolved in central Asia and radiated out into North America, Africa, Europe, and Australia.
The latest evidence[6] regarding the crow's evolution indicates descent within the Australasian family Corvidae. However, the branch that would produce the modern groups such as jays, magpies and large predominantly black Corvus had left Australasia and were concentrated in Asia by the time the Corvus evolved. Corvus has since re-entered Australia (relatively recently) and produced five species with one recognized sub-species.[citation needed]
The genus was originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th century work Systema Naturae.[7] The name is derived from the Latin corvus meaning "raven".[8]
The type species is the Common Raven (Corvus corax); others named in the same work include the Carrion Crow (C. corone), the Hooded Crow (C. cornix), the Rook (C. frugilegus), and the Jackdaw (C. monedula). The genus was originally broader, as the Magpie was designated C. pica before later being moved into a genus of its own. There are now considered to be at least 42 extant species in this genus, and at least 14 extinct species have been described.
There is not a good systematic approach to the genus at present. In general, it is assumed that the species from a geographical area are more closely related to each other than to other lineages, but this is not necessarily correct. For example, while the Carrion/Collared/House Crow complex is certainly closely related to each other, the situation is not at all clear regarding the Australian/Melanesian species. Furthermore, as many species are similar in appearance, determining actual range and characteristics can be very difficult, such as in Australia where the five (possibly six) species are almost identical in appearance.[citation needed]
.jpg)
The fossil record of crows is rather dense in Europe, but the relationships among most prehistoric species are not clear.
A surprisingly high number of species have become extinct after human colonization, especially of island groups such as New Zealand, Hawaii and Greenland.[citation needed]
Species[link]
Main article: List of Corvus species
Behavior[link]
Calls[link]
 |
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
Crows make a wide variety of calls or vocalizations. Whether the crows' system of communication constitutes a language is a topic of debate and study. Crows have also been observed to respond to calls of other species; this behavior is, it is presumed, learned because it varies regionally. Crows' vocalizations are complex and poorly understood. Some of the many vocalizations that crows make are a "Koww", usually echoed back and forth between birds, a series of "Kowws" in discrete units, counting out numbers, a long caw followed by a series of short caws (usually made when a bird takes off from a perch), an echo-like "eh-aw" sound, and more. These vocalizations vary by species, and within each species vary regionally. In many species, the pattern and number of the numerical vocalizations have been observed to change in response to events in the surroundings (i.e. arrival or departure of crows). Crows can hear sound frequencies lower than those that humans can hear, which complicates the study of their vocalizations.[citation needed]
Intelligence[link]
As a group, crows show remarkable examples of intelligence. Crows and ravens often score very highly on intelligence tests. Certain species top the avian IQ scale.[9] Wild hooded crows in Israel have learned to use bread crumbs for bait-fishing.[10] Crows will engage in a kind of mid-air jousting, or air-"chicken" to establish pecking order. Crows have been found to engage in feats such as sports,[11] tool use, the ability to hide and store food across seasons, episodic-like memory, and the ability to use individual experience in predicting the behavior of environmental conspecifics.[12]
One species, the New Caledonian Crow, has also been intensively studied recently because of its ability to manufacture and use its own tools in the day-to-day search for food. These tools include 'knives' cut from stiff leaves and stiff stalks of grass.[13] Another skill involves dropping tough nuts into a trafficked street and waiting for a car to crush them open.[14][15] On October 5, 2007, researchers from the University of Oxford, England presented data acquired by mounting tiny video cameras on the tails of New Caledonian Crows. It turned out that they use a larger variety of tools than previously known, plucking, smoothing, and bending twigs and grass stems to procure a variety of foodstuffs.[16][17] Crows in Queensland, Australia have learned how to eat the toxic cane toad by flipping the cane toad on its back and violently stabbing the throat where the skin is thinner, allowing the crow to access the non-toxic innards; their long beaks ensure that all of the innards can be removed.[18][19]
Recent research suggests that crows have the ability to recognize one individual human from another by facial features.[20]
Diet[link]
Crows are omnivorous, and their diet is very diverse. They will eat almost anything, including other birds, fruits, nuts, mollusks, earthworms, seeds, frogs, eggs, nestlings, mice and carrion. The origin of placing scarecrows in grain fields resulted from the crow’s incessant damaging and scavenging, although crows assist farmers by eating insects otherwise attracted to their crops.[21]
Life span and disease[link]
Crows reach sexual maturity around the age of 3 years for females and 5 years for males. Some crows may live to the age of 20, and the oldest known American crow in the wild was almost 30 years old.[22]
The American crow is very susceptible to the recently introduced North American strain of West Nile virus.[23] American crows usually die within one week of acquiring the disease with only very few surviving exposure. Crows are so affected by the disease that their deaths are now serving as an indicator of the West Nile Virus’ activity in an area.[citation needed]
Conservation status[link]
.JPG)
Two species of crow have been listed as endangered by the US fish and wildlife services: The Hawaiian Crow and the Mariana Crow.[24] The American Crow, despite having its population reduced by 45% since 1999 by the West Nile Virus, is considered a Species of Least Concern.
Hunting[link]
In the United States it is legal to hunt crows[citation needed] in all states usually from around August to the end of March and anytime if they are causing a nuisance or health hazard. There is no bag limit when taken during the "crow hunting season." According to the US Code of Federal Regulations, crows may be taken without a permit in certain circumstances. USFWS 50 CFR 21.43 (Depredation order for blackbirds, cowbirds, grackles, crows and magpies) states that a Federal permit is not required to control these birds "when found committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance," provided
- that none of the birds killed or their parts are sold or offered for sale,
- that anyone exercising the privileges granted by this section shall permit any Federal or State game agent free and unrestricted access over the premises where the operations have been or are conducted and will provide them with whatever information required by the officer, and
- that nothing in the section authorizes the killing of such birds contrary to any State laws and that the person needs to possess whatever permit as may be required by the State.
In the UK, the crow is considered a pest when in a large community and under certain conditions can be shot under a number of general licences issued by Natural England.[citation needed]
In human culture[link]
See also: Cultural depictions of ravens
The Common Raven, Australian Raven and Carrion Crow have been blamed for killing weak lambs and are often seen eating freshly dead corpses probably killed by other means. Rooks have been blamed for eating grain in the UK and Brown-necked Raven for raiding date crops in desert countries.[25]
In Auburn, New York (USA), 25,000 to 50,000 American Crows (C. brachyrhynchos) have taken to roosting in the small city's large trees during winter since around 1993.[26] In 2003, a controversial, organized crow hunt proved ineffective at reducing their numbers and the problem (concerns for public health and the sheer noise of so many crows) continues.[27]
At a Technology Entertainment Design conference in March 2008, Joshua Klein presented the potential use of a vending machine for crows. He suggested the crows could be trained to pick up waste and the vending machine would be designed to give a reward in exchange for the trash.[28]
Crows have also been known to imitate the human voice, just like parrots. Crows that have been trained to "speak" are considered valuable in parts of East Asia, as crows are a sign of luck.[citation needed]
Some people have adopted crows as pets.[citation needed]
Though humans cannot generally tell individual crows apart, crows have been shown to have the ability to visually recognize individual humans, and to transmit information about "bad" humans by squawking.[29]
Myth and spirituality[link]
See also: Raven in mythology
In Irish mythology, crows are associated with Morrigan, the goddess of war and death.[30] The god Bran the Blessed whose names means 'crow' or 'raven' is associated with corvids and death. His severed head is said to be buried under the Tower of London facing toward France, a possible origin for the keeping of ravens in the Tower, which are said to protect the fortunes of Britain. In Cornish folklore crows and particularly magpies are again associated with death and the 'otherworld', and must always be greeted with respect. The origin of 'counting crows' as augury is British; however the British versions rather count magpies - their black and white pied colouring reflecting the realms of both the living and the dead.
In Norse mythology, Huginn and Muninn are a pair of ravens that fly all over the world, Midgard, and bring the god Odin information.
In Australian Aboriginal mythology, Crow is a trickster, culture hero and ancestral being. Legends relating to Crow have been observed in various Aboriginal language groups and cultures across Australia; these commonly include stories relating to Crow's role in the theft of fire, the origin of death and the killing of Eagle's son.
In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Chaldean myth, the character Utnapishtim releases a dove and a raven to find land, however, the dove merely circles and returns. Only then does Utnapishtim send forth the raven, who does not return. Utnapishtim extrapolates from this that the raven has found land, which is why it hasn't returned.[31]
According to Ovid's Metamorphoses, in classical Greek mythology, when the crow told the god Apollo that his lover Coronis was cheating on him with a mortal, he became very angry, and part of that anger was directed at the crow, whose feathers he turned from white to black.[32]
In the Story of Bhusunda, a chapter of the Yoga Vasistha, a very old sage in the form of a crow, Bhusunda, recalls a succession of epochs in the earth's history, as described in Hindu cosmology. He survived several destructions, living on a wish-fulfilling tree on Mount Meru.[33] Crows are also considered ancestors in Hindiusm and during Śrāddha the practice of offering food or pinda to crows is still in vogue.[34]
Crows are mentioned often in Buddhism, especially Tibetan disciplines. The Dharmapala (protector of the Dharma) Mahakala is represented by a crow in one of his physical/earthly forms. Avalokiteśvara/Chenrezig, who is reincarnated on Earth as the Dalai Lama, is often closely associated with the crow because it is said that when the first Dalai Lama was born, robbers attacked the family home. The parents fled and were unable to get to the infant Lama in time. When they returned the next morning expecting the worst, they found their home untouched, and a pair of crows were caring for the Dalai Lama. It is believed that crows heralded the birth of the First, Seventh, Eighth, Twelfth and Fourteenth Lamas, the latter being the current Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.[citation needed]
In Japanese mythology, a three-legged crow called Yatagarasu (八咫烏?, "eight-hand-crow")[35] is depicted.[36]
In Korean mythology, there is a three-legged crow known as Samjokgo (hangul: 삼족오; hanja: 三足烏). During the period of the Goguryeo Kingdom, the Samjogo was a highly regarded symbol of power, thought superior to both the dragon and the Korean phoenix.[citation needed]
In Chinese mythology, the world originally had ten suns embodied as ten crows, which rose in the sky one at a time. When all ten decided to rise at once, the effect was devastating to crops, so the gods sent their greatest archer Houyi, who shot down nine crows and spared only one. Having a "crow beak" is a symbolic expression that one is being a jinx.[citation needed]
Compendium of Materia Medica states that crows are kind birds that feed their old and weakened parents; this is often cited as a fine example of filial piety.[citation needed]
Ancient Greek authors tell how a jackdaw, being a social creature, may be caught with a dish of oil that it falls into while looking at its own reflection.[37] The Roman poet Ovid saw them as a harbinger of rain (Amores 2,6, 34).[38] In Greek legend, a princess Arne was bribed with gold by King Minos of Crete, and was punished for her avarice by being transformed into an equally avaricious jackdaw, who still seeks shiny things.[39] In Aesop's Fables, the jackdaw embodies stupidity in one tale, by starving while waiting for figs on a fig tree to ripen, and vanity in another - the daw sought to become king of the birds with borrowed feathers, but was shamed when they fell off.[38] Pliny notes how the Thessalians, Illyrians and Lemnians cherished jackdaws for destroying grasshoppers' eggs. The Veneti are fabled to have bribed the jackdaws to spare their crops.[37] Another ancient Greek and Roman adage runs, "The swans will sing when the jackdaws are silent," meaning that educated or wise people will speak after the foolish become quiet.[40] In reality, corvids are among the most intelligent birds in the world, and this traditional association with ignorance is quite inaccurate.
See also[link]
- Corvus (heraldry)
- Eating crow
- Ischys for the Greek myth of why the crow's feathers are black.
- Scarecrows
References[link]
- ^ "Murder of Crows, etc.". Word-detective.com. http://www.word-detective.com/2009/02/22/murder-of-crows-etc. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ "PBS Nature Critters". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/a-murder-of-crows/crow-facts/5965/. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
- ^ Winkler, Robert (August 8, 2002). "Crow Makes Wire Hook to Get Food". National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0808_020808_crow.html. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
- ^ "A Murder of Crows". Nature. PBS video. 2010-10-24. http://video.pbs.org/video/1621910826/#. Retrieved 6 February 2011. "New research indicates that crows are among the brightest animals in the world."
- ^ Rogers, Lesley J.; Kaplan, Gisela T. (2004). Comparative vertebrate cognition: are primates superior to non-primates?. New York, New York: Springer. p. 9. ISBN 0-306-47727-0. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=e021s7atsicC&pg=PA9&dq=Comparative+vertebrate+cognition:+are+primates+superior+to+non-primates?+jackdaw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=68KzT8aDHc6WmQW2kvycBQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ "Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation - Barker et al., 10.1073/pnas.0401892101 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences". Pnas.org. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0401892101v1. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ (Latin) Linnaeus, C (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.. Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 824. http://dz1.gdz-cms.de/index.php?id=img&no_cache=1&IDDOC=265100.
- ^ Simpson, D.P. (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd.. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
- ^ Rincon, Paul (2005-02-22). "Science/Nature | Crows and jays top bird IQ scale". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4286965.stm. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ ד"ר אורן חסון: יחסים, אהבה, זוגיות, תקשורת בין-אישית (English)[unreliable source?]
- ^ [1] Crow tubing upon a slide (video)
- ^ Prior H. et al. (2008). "Mirror-Induced Behavior in the Magpie (Pica pica): Evidence of Self-Recognition". PLoS Biology (Public Library of Science) 6 (8): e202. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202. PMC 2517622. PMID 18715117. http://biology.plosjournals.org/archive/1545-7885/6/8/pdf/10.1371_journal.pbio.0060202-L.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ New Caledonian Crow#Tool making
- ^ Shettleworth, Sara J. (2010). Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-19-531984-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=-Qs1qGys0AwC&pg=PA3.
- ^ See also the video "Red light runners", from the BBC's The Life of Birds
- ^ "Crows Bend Twigs Into Tools", Discovery Channel
- ^ See also the video "Crow bars", from the BBC's The Life of Birds
- ^ Katrina Bolton (2007-09-15). "Toads fall victim to crows in NT - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/15/2033759.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ "Cane Toad (Bufo marinus)". Ozanimals.com. http://www.ozanimals.com/Frog/Cane-Toad/Bufo/marinus.html. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ Nijhuis, Michelle (August 25, 2008). "Friend or Foe? Crows Never Forget a Face, It Seems". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/26/science/26crow.html. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
- ^ http://www.crowbusters.com/facts.htm
- ^ "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT CROWS", by Dr. K.J. McGowan, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- ^ "Why West Nile virus kills so many crows", Penn State Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics
- ^ "Pacific Region Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service". Fws.gov. 2011-06-23. http://www.fws.gov/pacific/ecoservices/endangered/recovery/5yearactive.html. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ Goodwin D. (1983). Crows of the World. Queensland University Press, St Lucia, Qld. ISBN 0-7022-1015-3.
- ^ "Auburn NY Crow Roost and lighting changes". Cnylinks.com. http://www.cnylinks.com/crows/. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ "The Citizen, Auburn NY". Auburnpub.com. 2002-06-14. http://www.auburnpub.com/articles/2003/02/03/opinion/our_view/ourview01.txt. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ Klein, Joshua (2008). "The amazing intelligence of crows". TED conference. http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/joshua_klein_on_the_intelligence_of_crows.html. Retrieved 9 July 2008.
- ^ The Crow Paradox by Robert Krulwich. Morning Edition, National Public Radio. 27 July 2009.
- ^ Leeming, David Adams (2005). "Crows and ravens". The Oxford companion to world mythology. Oxford University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-19-515669-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=kQFtlva3HaYC&pg=PA86.
- ^ Kovacs, Maureen Gallery (1989). The epic of Gilgamesh. Stanford University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-8047-1711-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=YYxEd9c0EUYC&pg=PA102.
- ^ Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (1998). "Coronis/Corvus". Encyclopedia of Greco-Roman mythology. ABC-CLIO. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-57607-129-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=2U7okUE3PIcC&pg=PA93.
- ^ Cole, Juan R.I. Baha'u'llah on Hinduism and Zoroastrianism: The Tablet to Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Concerning the Questions of Manakji Limji Hataria.
- ^ The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2001-07-26. http://www.hindu.com/2001/07/26/stories/13261289.htm.
- ^ Picken, Stuart D.B. (1994). Essentials of Shinto: an analytical guide to principal teachings. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-313-26431-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=yA3_QqC6pPgC&pg=PA96.
- ^ Como, Michael (2009). Weaving and binding: immigrant gods and female immortals in ancient Japan. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 100–103. ISBN 978-0-8248-2957-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=-UNEhdX6ePMC&pg=PA100.
- ^ a b D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, A Glossary of Greek Birds. Oxford, 1895. p. 89.
- ^ a b de Vries, Ad (1976). Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. p. 275. ISBN 0-7204-8021-3.
- ^ Graves, R (1955). "Scylla and Nisus". Greek Myths. London: Penguin. p. 308. ISBN 0-14-001026-2.
- ^ Collected Works of Erasmus: Adages: Ivi1 to Ix100. Translated by Roger A. Mynors. University of Toronto Press, 1989. p. 314.
Further reading[link]
- Burton, Maurice & Burton, Robert (2002). "Crow". The international wildlife encyclopedia, Volume 10. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=ojMQP6aWW6sC&pg=PA610.
- Gill, B. J. (2003). "Osteometry and Systematics of the Extinct New Zealand Ravens (Aves: Corvidae: Corvus).". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1: 43–58. DOI:10.1017/S1477201903001019. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=149547.. Retrieved 2008-03-14.
- Gill, B. J. (2003): Osteometry and 1: 43-58. (HTML abstract) doi:10.1017/S1477201903001019
- Goodwin, D. (1983). Crows of the World. Queensland University Press. ISBN 0-7022-1015-3.
- Heinrich, Bernd (1991). Ravens in Winter. Vintage Press. ISBN 0-679-73236-5.
- Heinrich, Bernd (1999). Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds. Cliff Street Books. ISBN 978-0-06-093063-9.
- Kilham, Lawrence (1991). The American Crow and the Common Raven. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-466-1.
- Madge, Steve & Burn, Hillary (1994). Crows and jays: a guide to the crows, jays, and magpies of the world. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-67171-9.
- Worthy, Trevor H. & Holdaway, Richard N. (2002). The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34034-9.
External links[link]
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Crow. |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Corvus |
- Frequently Asked Questions About Crows
- Crow: by Bird Houses 101
- crows.net: The Language & Culture of Crows
- In the Company of Crows and Ravens by John M. Marzluff and Tony Angell
- Crow Photographs and Comments
- Video of Crow Making and Using Tools
- Info on Tool use by Crows
- Crow Videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- TED Talk: The Amazing Intelligence of Crows by Joshua Klein
- Corvid Corner - A Site about the Crow Family
- Video: A Crow uses Electrical Wire as Nest-building Material
- A Murder of Crows, 2010 PBS documentary
- 6 Terrifying Ways Crows Are Way Smarter Than You Think at Cracked.com
http://wn.com/Crow
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Corvus
http://cs.wn.com/Corvus
http://id.wn.com/Gagak
http://es.wn.com/Corvus
http://nl.wn.com/Corvus (geslacht)
http://pt.wn.com/Corvo
http://fr.wn.com/Corvus
http://ru.wn.com/Вороны
http://de.wn.com/Raben und Krähen
http://hi.wn.com/कौआ
http://pl.wn.com/Corvus
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crow
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Sir David Attenborough | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Attenborough in May 2003 |
|
| Born | (1926-05-08) 8 May 1926 (age 86) Isleworth, London |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | |
| Title | |
| Spouse | Jane Elizabeth Ebsworth Oriel (m. 1950–1997, her death) |
| Children |
|
Sir David Frederick Attenborough ( /ˈætənbərə/) OM, CH, CVO, CBE, FRS, FZS, FSA (born 8 May 1926) is a British broadcaster and naturalist.
His career as the face and voice of natural history programmes has endured for more than 50 years. He is best known for writing and presenting the nine Life series, in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit, which collectively form a comprehensive survey of all life on the planet. He is also a former senior manager at the BBC, having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s.
Attenborough is widely considered a national treasure in Britain, although he himself does not care for the term.[1][2][3] He is a younger brother of director, producer and actor Richard Attenborough.[4]
Contents |
Early life and family[link]
Attenborough was born in Isleworth, west London, but grew up in College House on the campus of the University College, Leicester, where his father, Frederick, was principal.[5] He is the middle of three sons (his elder brother, Richard, became an actor and his younger brother, John, an executive at Italian car manufacturer Alfa Romeo).[6] During World War II his parents also adopted two Jewish refugee girls from Europe.[7][8]
Attenborough spent his childhood collecting fossils, stones and other natural specimens. He received encouragement in this pursuit at age seven, when a young Jacquetta Hawkes admired his "museum". A few years later, one of his adoptive sisters gave him a piece of amber filled with prehistoric creatures; some 50 years later, it would be the focus of his programme The Amber Time Machine.
Attenborough was educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys in Leicester and then won a scholarship to Clare College, Cambridge in 1945, where he studied geology and zoology and obtained a degree in natural sciences.[9] In 1947, he was called up for national service in the Royal Navy and spent two years stationed in North Wales and the Firth of Forth.
In 1950, Attenborough married Jane Elizabeth Ebsworth Oriel; the marriage lasted until her death in 1997. The couple had two children, Robert and Susan.[8] Robert is a senior lecturer in bioanthropology for the School of Archaeology and Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra.[10]
First years at the BBC[link]
After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company. He soon became disillusioned with the work, however, and in 1950, he applied for a job as a radio talks producer with the BBC. Although he was rejected for this job, his CV later attracted the interest of Mary Adams, head of the Talks (factual broadcasting) department of the BBC's fledgling television service. Attenborough, like most Britons at that time, did not own a television, and he had seen only one programme in his life.[11] However, he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time. Initially discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,[12] he became a producer for the Talks department, which handled all non-fiction broadcasts. His early projects included the quiz show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? and Song Hunter, a series about folk music presented by Alan Lomax.
Attenborough's association with natural history programmes began when he produced and presented the three-part series The Pattern of Animals. The studio-bound programme featured animals from London Zoo, with the naturalist Julian Huxley discussing their use of camouflage, aposematism and courtship displays. Through this programme, Attenborough met Jack Lester, the curator of the zoo's reptile house, and they decided to make a series about an animal-collecting expedition. The result was Zoo Quest, first broadcast in 1954, which Attenborough presented at short notice, due to Lester being taken ill.
In 1957, the BBC Natural History Unit was formally established in Bristol. Attenborough was asked to join it, but declined, not wishing to move from London where he and his young family were settled. Instead he formed his own department, the Travel and Exploration Unit,[13] which allowed him to continue to front Zoo Quest as well as produce other documentaries, notably the Travellers' Tales and Adventure series.
In the early 1960s, Attenborough resigned from the permanent staff of the BBC to study for a postgraduate degree in social anthropology at the London School of Economics, interweaving his study with further filming.[14] However, he accepted an invitation to return to the BBC as controller of BBC Two before he could finish the degree.
BBC administration[link]
Attenborough became the controller of BBC Two in March 1965, but had a clause inserted in his contract that would allow him to continue making programmes on an occasional basis. Later the same year, he filmed elephants in Tanzania, and in 1969, he made a three-part series on the cultural history of the Indonesian island of Bali. For the 1971 film A Blank on the Map, he joined the first Western expedition to a remote highland valley in New Guinea to seek out a lost tribe.
BBC Two was launched in 1964, but had struggled to capture the public's imagination. When Attenborough arrived as controller, he quickly abolished the channel's quirky kangaroo mascot and shook up the schedule. With a mission to make BBC Two's output diverse and different from that offered by other networks, he began to establish a portfolio of programmes that defined the channel's identity for decades to come. Under his tenure, music, the arts, entertainment, archaeology, experimental comedy, travel, drama, sport, business, science and natural history all found a place in the weekly schedules. Often, an eclectic mix was offered within a single evening's viewing. Programmes he commissioned included Man Alive, Call My Bluff, Chronicle, Life, One Pair of Eyes, The Old Grey Whistle Test, Monty Python's Flying Circus and The Money Programme. When BBC Two became the first British channel to broadcast in colour in 1967, Attenborough took advantage by introducing televised snooker, as well as bringing rugby league to British television on a regular basis via the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy.
One of his most significant decisions was to order a 13-part series on the history of Western art, to show off the quality of the new UHF colour television service that BBC Two offered. Broadcast to universal acclaim in 1969, Civilisation set the blueprint for landmark authored documentaries, which were informally known as "tombstone" or "sledgehammer" projects. Others followed, including Jacob Bronowski's The Ascent of Man (also commissioned by Attenborough), and Alistair Cooke's America. Attenborough thought that the story of evolution would be a natural subject for such a series. He shared his idea with Chris Parsons, a producer at the Natural History Unit, who came up with the title Life on Earth and returned to Bristol to start planning the series. Attenborough harboured a strong desire to present the series himself, but this would not be possible so long as he remained in a management post.
In 1969, Attenborough was promoted to director of programmes, making him responsible for the output of both BBC channels. His tasks, which included agreeing budgets, attending board meetings and firing staff, were now far removed from the business of filming programmes. When Attenborough's name was being suggested as a candidate for the position of Director General of the BBC in 1972, he phoned his brother Richard to confess that he had no appetite for the job. Early the following year, he left his post to return to full-time programme-making, leaving him free to write and present the planned natural history epic.
Return to broadcasting[link]
After his resignation, Attenborough became a freelance broadcaster and immediately started work on his next project, a pre-arranged trip to Indonesia with a crew from the Natural History Unit. It resulted in the 1973 series Eastwards with Attenborough, which was similar in tone to the earlier Zoo Quests but without the animal-collecting element.
On his return, he began to work on the scripts for Life on Earth. Due to the scale of his ambition, the BBC decided to partner with an American network to secure the necessary funding. While the negotiations were proceeding he worked on a number of other television projects. He presented a series on tribal art (The Tribal Eye, 1975) and another on the voyages of discovery (The Explorers, 1975). He also presented a BBC children's series about cryptozoology entitled Fabulous Animals (1975), which featured mythical creatures such as the griffin and kraken.[15] Eventually, the BBC signed a co-production deal with Turner Broadcasting and Life on Earth moved into production in 1976.
Life series[link]
Beginning with Life on Earth in 1979, Attenborough set about creating a body of work which became a benchmark of quality in wildlife film-making and influenced a generation of documentary film-makers. The series also established many of the hallmarks of the BBC's natural history output. By treating his subject seriously and researching the latest discoveries, Attenborough and his production team gained the trust of the scientific community, who responded by allowing him to feature their subjects in his programmes. In Rwanda, for example, Attenborough and his crew were granted privileged access to film Dian Fossey's research group of mountain gorillas. Innovation was another factor in Life on Earth's success: new film-making techniques were devised to get the shots Attenborough wanted, with a focus on events and animals that were hitherto unfilmed. Computerised airline schedules, which had only recently been introduced, enabled the series to be elaborately devised so that Attenborough visited several locations around the globe in each episode, sometimes even changing continents mid-sentence. Although appearing as the on-screen presenter, he consciously restricted his pieces to camera to give his subjects top billing.
The success of Life on Earth prompted the BBC to consider a follow-up, and five years later, The Living Planet was screened. This time, Attenborough built his series around the theme of ecology, the adaptations of living things to their environment. It was another critical and commercial success, generating huge international sales for the BBC. In 1990, The Trials of Life completed the original Life trilogy, looking at animal behaviour through the different stages of life. The series drew strong reactions from the viewing public for its sequences of killer whales hunting sea lions on a Patagonian beach and chimpanzees hunting and violently killing a colobus monkey.
In the 1990s, Attenborough continued to use the "Life" moniker for a succession of authored documentaries. In 1993, he presented Life in the Freezer, the first television series to survey the natural history of Antarctica. Although past normal retirement age, he then embarked on a number of more specialised surveys of the natural world, beginning with plants. They proved a difficult subject for his producers, who had to deliver five hours of television featuring what are essentially immobile objects. The result, The Private Life of Plants (1995), showed plants as dynamic organisms by using time-lapse photography to speed up their growth.
Prompted by an enthusiastic ornithologist at the BBC Natural History Unit, Attenborough then turned his attention to the animal kingdom and in particular, birds. As he was neither an obsessive twitcher, nor a bird expert, he decided he was better qualified to make The Life of Birds (1998) on the theme of behaviour. The order of the remaining "Life" series was dictated by developments in camera technology. For The Life of Mammals (2002), low-light and infrared cameras were deployed to reveal the behaviour of nocturnal mammals. The series contains a number of memorable two shots of Attenborough and his subjects, which included chimpanzees, a blue whale and a grizzly bear. Advances in macro photography made it possible to capture natural behaviour of very small creatures for the first time, and in 2005, Life in the Undergrowth introduced audiences to the world of invertebrates.
At this point, Attenborough realised that he had spent 20 years unconsciously assembling a collection of programmes on all the major groups of terrestrial animals and plants — only reptiles and amphibians were missing. When Life in Cold Blood was broadcast in 2008, he had the satisfaction of completing the set, brought together in a DVD encyclopaedia called Life on Land. In an interview that year, Attenborough was asked to sum up his achievement, and responded:
The evolutionary history is finished. The endeavour is complete. If you'd asked me 20 years ago whether we'd be attempting such a mammoth task, I'd have said "Don't be ridiculous!" These programmes tell a particular story and I'm sure others will come along and tell it much better than I did, but I do hope that if people watch it in 50 years' time, it will still have something to say about the world we live in.[16]
However, in 2010 Attenborough asserted that his First Life — dealing with evolutionary history before Life on Earth — should also be included within the "Life" series. In the documentary Attenborough's Journey he stated, "This series, to a degree which I really didn't fully appreciate until I started working on it, really completes the set."[17]
Other documentaries[link]
Alongside the "Life" series, Attenborough has continued to work on other television documentaries, mainly in the natural history genre. He wrote and presented a series on man's influence on the natural history of the Mediterranean basin, The First Eden, in 1987. Two years later, he demonstrated his passion for fossils in Lost Worlds Vanished Lives.
Attenborough narrated every episode of Wildlife on One, a BBC One wildlife series which ran for 253 episodes between 1977 and 2005. At its peak, it drew a weekly audience of eight to ten million, and the 1987 episode "Meerkats United" was voted the best wildlife documentary of all time by BBC viewers.[18] He has also narrated over 50 episodes of Natural World, BBC Two's flagship wildlife series. (Its forerunner, The World About Us, was created by Attenborough in 1969, as a vehicle for colour television.[19]) In 1997, he narrated the BBC Wildlife Specials, each focussing on a charismatic species, and screened to mark the Natural History Unit's 40th anniversary.
As a writer and narrator, he continued to collaborate with the BBC Natural History Unit in the new millennium. Alastair Fothergill, a senior producer with whom Attenborough had worked on The Trials of Life and Life in the Freezer, was making The Blue Planet (2001), the Unit's first comprehensive series on marine life. He decided not to use an on-screen presenter due to difficulties in speaking to camera through diving apparatus, but asked Attenborough to narrate the films. The same team reunited for Planet Earth (2006), the biggest nature documentary ever made for television and the first BBC wildlife series to be shot in high definition. In 2011, Fothergill gave Attenborough a more prominent role in Frozen Planet, a major series on the natural history of the polar regions. Attenborough appeared on screen and authored the final episode, in addition to performing voiceover duties.
In 2009, he co-wrote and narrated Life, a ten-part series focussing on extraordinary animal behaviour,[20] and narrated Nature's Great Events, which showed how seasonal changes trigger major natural spectacles.[21]
By the turn of the millennium, Attenborough's authored documentaries were adopting a more overtly environmentalist stance. In State of the Planet (2000), he used the latest scientific evidence and interviews with leading scientists and conservationists to assess the impact of man's activities on the natural world. He later turned to the issues of global warming (The Truth about Climate Change, 2006) and human population growth (How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth?, 2009). He also contributed a programme which highlighted the plight of endangered species to the BBC's Saving Planet Earth project in 2007, the 50th anniversary of the Natural History Unit.
Attenborough is also forging a new partnership with Sky, working on documentaries for the broadcaster's new 3D network, Sky 3D. Their first collaboration was Flying Monsters 3D, a film about pterosaurs which debuted on Christmas Day of 2010.[22] A second film, The Bachelor King 3D, followed a year later, and further collaborations are planned.
Current projects[link]
Attenborough celebrates his 60th year in broadcasting in 2012, and continues to work on a number of television, film and radio projects. The anniversary will be marked by the BBC with the screening of Attenborough: 60 Years in the Wild, a three part series which looks at how wildlife filmmaking techniques, discoveries in the field of biological sciences and our relationship with the natural world have all developed over the past 60 years.[23]
Further collaborations with Sky 3D are also in the pipeline. First will come Kingdom of Plants 3D, a three-part series filmed at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew which debuts on 26 May 2012 and will be simulcast on Sky Atlantic HD.[24] A series on the wildlife of the Galapagos Islands has also been announced[25] and the Sky 3D film The Bachelor King 3D, which Attenborough wrote and narrated, will get a theatrical release in 2012. All Attenborough's 3D projects are being co-produced by Atlantic Productions, as is a second series of First Life, which will explore the origins of the mammals.[26]
2012 will also herald the third series of David Attenborough's Life Stories for BBC Radio 4 and the new commission David Attenborough's Natural Curiosities on Eden.[27]
Other work[link]
From 1983, Attenborough worked on two environmentally themed musicals with the WWF and writers Peter Rose and Anne Conlon. Yanomamo was the first, about the Amazon rainforest, and the second, Ocean World, premiered at the Royal Festival Hall in 1991. They were both narrated by Attenborough on their national tour, and recorded on to audio cassette. Ocean World was also filmed for Channel 4 and later released.
In 1990, he highlighted the case of Mahjoub Sharif as part of the BBC's Prisoners of Conscience series.[28]
In January 2009, the BBC commissioned Attenborough to provide a series of 20 ten-minute monologues covering the history of nature. Entitled David Attenborough's Life Stories, they are broadcast on Radio 4 in the Friday night slot vacated by Alistair Cooke's Letter from America.[29] Part of Radio 4's A Point of View strand, the talks are also available as podcasts.[30]
He appeared in the 2009 Children's Prom at the BBC Promenade Concerts and in the Last Night of the Proms on 12 September 2009, playing a floor polisher in Sir Malcolm Arnold's "A Grand, Grand Overture" (after which he was "shot" by Rory Bremner, who was playing the gun).
Attenborough also serves on the advisory board of BBC Wildlife magazine.
Achievements, awards and recognition[link]
| Styles and honours |
|---|
|
Attenborough's contribution to broadcasting and wildlife film-making has brought him international recognition. He has been called "the great communicator, the peerless educator"[31] and "the greatest broadcaster of our time".[32] His programmes are often cited as an example of what public service broadcasting should be, even by critics of the BBC, and have influenced a generation of wildlife film-makers.[33]
Honorary titles[link]
In 2010 it was reported that Attenborough has been given 29 honorary degrees by British universities, more than any other person.[34] In 1980, he was honoured by the Open University, with whom he has had a close association throughout his career. He also has honorary Doctor of Science awards from the University of Cambridge (1984), the University of Oxford (1988)[35], the University of Bath (1981)[36] and the University of St Andrews (2011).[37] In 2006, the two eldest Attenborough brothers returned to their home city to receive the title of Distinguished Honorary Fellows of the University of Leicester, "in recognition of a record of continuing distinguished service to the University."[38] David Attenborough was previously awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by the university in 1970, and was made an honorary Freeman of the City of Leicester in 1990.
Attenborough has received the title Honorary Fellow from Clare College, Cambridge (1980), the Zoological Society of London (1998), the Linnean Society (1999), the Institute of Biology (2000) and the Society of Antiquaries (2007).
Recognition[link]
Attenborough has featured as the subject of a number of BBC television programmes. Life on Air (2002) examined the legacy of his work and Attenborough the Controller (2002) focused on his time in charge of BBC Two. He also featured prominently in The Way We Went Wild (2004), a series about natural history television presenters, and 100 Years of Wildlife Films (2007), a special programme marking the centenary of the nature documentary. In 2006, British television viewers were asked to vote for their Favourite Attenborough Moments for a UKTV poll to coincide with the broadcaster's 80th birthday. The winning clip showed Attenborough observing the mimicry skills of the superb lyrebird.
Attenborough was named as the most trusted celebrity in Britain in a 2006 Reader's Digest poll,.[39] and the following year he won The Culture Show's Living Icon Award.[40] He has also been named among the 100 Greatest Britons in a 2002 BBC poll and is one of the top ten "Heroes of Our Time" according to New Statesman magazine.[41]
He has the distinction of having a number of newly discovered species and fossils being named in his honour. In 1993, after discovering that the Mesozoic reptile Plesiosaurus conybeari had not, in fact, been a true plesiosaur, the paleontologist Robert Bakker renamed the species Attenborosaurus conybeari.[42] A fossilised armoured fish discovered at the Gogo Formation, Western Australia in 2008 was given the name Materpiscis attenboroughi, after Attenborough had filmed at the site and highlighted its scientific importance in Life on Earth.[43] The Materpiscis fossil is believed to be the earliest organism capable of internal fertilisation.
He has also lent his name to a species of Ecuadorian flowering tree, Blakea attenboroughi, one of the world's largest-pitchered carnivorous plants, Nepenthes attenboroughii,[44] and one of only four species of long-beaked echidna, the critically endangered Zaglossus attenboroughi, discovered by explorer and zoologist Tim Flannery in the Cyclops Mountains of New Guinea in 1998.
In September 2009, London's Natural History Museum opened the Attenborough Studio, part of its Darwin Centre development.[45]
Awards[link]
- 1970: BAFTA Desmond Davis Award
- 1974: Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
- 1980: BAFTA Fellowship
- 1983: Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
- 1985: Knighthood[46]
- 1991: Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) for producing Queen Elizabeth II's Christmas broadcast for a number of years from 1986
- 1991: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[47]
- 1996: Companion of Honour (CH) "for services to nature broadcasting"
- 1998: International Cosmos Prize
- 2003: Michael Faraday Prize awarded by the Royal Society
- 2004: Descartes Prize for Outstanding Science Communication Actions
- 2004: Caird Medal of the National Maritime Museum
- 2005: Order of Merit (OM)[48]
- 2005: Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest
- 2006: National Outdoor Book Award (Nature and the Environment category), Life in the Underground
- 2006: National Television Awards Special Recognition Award
- 2006: Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management[49] - Institute Medal in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the public perception and understanding of ecology
- 2006: The Culture Show British Icon Award
- 2007: British Naturalists' Association Peter Scott Memorial Award
- 2009: BAFTA Specialist factual award for Life In Cold Blood
- 2009: Prince of Asturias Award[50]
- 2010: Fonseca Prize
- 2010: Queensland Museum Medal[51][52]
- ???? RSPB Medal[53][54]
- 2011: Society for the History of Natural History Founders' Medal
Views and advocacy[link]
Environmental causes[link]
Attenborough's programmes have often included references to the impact of human society on the natural world. The last episode of The Living Planet, for example, focuses almost entirely on humans' destruction of the environment and ways that it could be stopped or reversed. Despite this, he has been criticised for not giving enough prominence to environmental messages. Some environmentalists feel that programmes like Attenborough's give a false picture of idyllic wilderness and do not do enough to acknowledge that such areas are increasingly encroached upon by humans.[55]
However, his closing message from State of the Planet was forthright:
The future of life on earth depends on our ability to take action. Many individuals are doing what they can, but real success can only come if there's a change in our societies and our economics and in our politics. I've been lucky in my lifetime to see some of the greatest spectacles that the natural world has to offer. Surely we have a responsibility to leave for future generations a planet that is healthy, inhabitable by all species.
Attenborough has subsequently become more vocal in his support of environmental causes. In 2005 and 2006, he backed a BirdLife International project to stop the killing of albatross by longline fishing boats.[56] He gave public support to WWF's campaign to have 220,000 square kilometres of Borneo's rainforest designated a protected area.[57] He also serves as a vice-president of BTCV, vice-president of Fauna and Flora International, president of Butterfly Conservation and president of Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust. In 2003 he launched an appeal to create a rainforest reserve in Ecuador in memory of Christopher Parsons, the producer of Life on Earth and a personal friend, who had died the previous year. The same year, he helped to launch ARKive,[58] a global project instigated by Parsons to gather together natural history media into a digital library. ARKive is an initiative of Wildscreen, of which Attenborough is a patron.[59] He later became patron of the World Land Trust, and an active supporter. He supported Glyndebourne in their successful application to obtain planning permission for a wind turbine in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and gave evidence at the planning inquiry arguing in favour of the proposal.
Attenborough has repeatedly said that he considers human overpopulation to be the root cause of many environmental problems. In The Life of Mammals, he made a plea for humans to curb population growth so that other species will not be crowded out. In 2009, he became a patron of Population Matters, (formerly known as the Optimum Population Trust), a UK charity advocating sustainable human populations.
He has written and spoken publicly about the fact that, despite past scepticism, he believes the Earth's climate is warming in a way that is cause for concern, and that this can likely be attributed to human activity.[60] He summed up his thoughts at the end of his 2006 documentary "Can We Save Planet Earth?" as follows:
In the past, we didn't understand the effect of our actions. Unknowingly, we sowed the wind and now, literally, we are reaping the whirlwind. But we no longer have that excuse: now we do recognise the consequences of our behaviour. Now surely, we must act to reform it — individually and collectively, nationally and internationally — or we doom future generations to catastrophe.
In a 2005 interview with BBC Wildlife magazine, Attenborough said he considered George W. Bush to be the era's top "environmental villain". In 2007, he further elaborated on the USA's consumption of energy in relation to its population. When asked if he thought America to be "the villain of the piece", he responded:
I don't think whole populations are villainous, but Americans are just extraordinarily unaware of all kinds of things. If you live in the middle of that vast continent, with apparently everything your heart could wish for just because you were born there, then why worry? [...] If people lose knowledge, sympathy and understanding of the natural world, they're going to mistreat it and will not ask their politicians to care for it.[61]
Religion and creationism[link]
In a December 2005 interview with Simon Mayo on BBC Radio Five Live, Attenborough stated that he considers himself an agnostic.[62] When asked whether his observation of the natural world has given him faith in a creator, he generally responds with some version of this story, making reference to the Loa loa parasitic worm:
My response is that when Creationists talk about God creating every individual species as a separate act, they always instance hummingbirds, or orchids, sunflowers and beautiful things. But I tend to think instead of a parasitic worm that is boring through the eye of a boy sitting on the bank of a river in West Africa, [a worm] that's going to make him blind. And [I ask them], 'Are you telling me that the God you believe in, who you also say is an all-merciful God, who cares for each one of us individually, are you saying that God created this worm that can live in no other way than in an innocent child's eyeball? Because that doesn't seem to me to coincide with a God who's full of mercy'.[63]
He has explained that he feels the evidence all over the planet clearly shows evolution to be the best way to explain the diversity of life, and that "as far as [he's] concerned, if there is a supreme being then he chose organic evolution as a way of bringing into existence the natural world."
In a BBC Four interview with Mark Lawson, Attenborough was asked if he at any time had any religious faith. He replied simply, "No."[64] He has also said "It never really occurred to me to believe in God".[65]
In 2002, Attenborough joined an effort by leading clerics and scientists to oppose the inclusion of creationism in the curriculum of UK state-funded independent schools which receive private sponsorship, such as the Emmanuel Schools Foundation.[66] In 2009, Attenborough stated that the Book of Genesis, by saying that the world was there for people to dominate, had taught generations that they can "dominate" the environment, and that this has resulted in the devastation of vast areas of the environment.[67] Attenborough further explained to the science journal Nature, "That's why Darwinism, and the fact of evolution, is of great importance, because it is that attitude which has led to the devastation of so much, and we are in the situation that we are in."[68][69]
Also in early 2009, the BBC broadcast an Attenborough one-hour special, Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life. In reference to the programme, Attenborough stated that "People write to me that evolution is only a theory. Well, it is not a theory. Evolution is as solid a historical fact as you could conceive. Evidence from every quarter. What is a theory is whether natural selection is the mechanism and the only mechanism. That is a theory. But the historical reality that dinosaurs led to birds and mammals produced whales, that's not theory."[70] He strongly opposes creationism and its offshoot "intelligent design", saying that a survey that found a quarter of science teachers in state schools believe that creationism should be taught alongside evolution in science lessons was "really terrible".[70]
In March 2009, Attenborough appeared on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. Attenborough stated that he felt evolution did not rule out the existence of a God and accepted the title of agnostic saying, "My view is: I don't know one way or the other but I don't think that evolution is against a belief in God."[71]
Attenborough has joined evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins and other top scientists in signing a campaign statement coordinated by the British Humanist Association (BHA). The statement calls for "creationism to be banned from the school science curriculum and for evolution to be taught more widely in schools."[72]
BBC and public service broadcasting[link]
Attenborough is a lifelong supporter of the BBC, public broadcasting and the television licence. He has said:
PSB, to me, is not about selecting individual programme strands here or there, financing them from some outside source and then foisting them upon commercial networks. Public Service Broadcasting, watched by a healthy number of viewers, with programmes financed in proportion to their intrinsic needs and not the size of the audience, can only effectively operate as a network — a network whose aim is to cater for the broadest possible range of interests, popular as well as less popular, a network that measures its success not only by its audience size but by the range of its schedule.[73]
Public service broadcasting is one of the things that distinguishes this country and makes me want to live here. I have spent all my life in it. I would be very distressed if public service broadcasting was weakened. I have been at the BBC since 1952, and know the BBC is constantly being battered. It is today.[74]
If you could demonstrate that the BBC was grossly extravagant there might be a case for saying OK take it away. But in fact the BBC per minute in almost every category is as cheap as you can find anywhere in the world and produces the best quality. If you take the money away, which part of the BBC will you remove? The BBC has gone through swingeing staff cuts. It has been cut to the bone, if you divert licence fee money elsewhere, you cut quality and services. There is always that threat from politicians who will say your licence fee is up for grabs. We will take it. There is a lot of people who want to see the BBC weakened. They talk of this terrible tax of the licence fee. Yet it is the best bargain that is going. Four radio channels and god knows how many TV channels. It is piffling.[74]
There have always been politicians or business people who have wanted to cut the BBC back or stop it saying the sort of things it says. There's always been trouble about the licence and if you dropped your guard you could bet our bottom dollar there'd be plenty of people who'd want to take it away. The licence fee is the basis on which the BBC is based and if you destroy it, broadcasting... becomes a wasteland.[75]
Attenborough expressed regret at some of the changes made to the BBC in the 1990s by Director-General John Birt, who introduced an internal market at the corporation, slimmed and even closed some departments and outsourced much of the corporation’s output to private production companies, in line with the Broadcasting Act 1990. He has said:
There is no question but that Birtism . . . has had some terrible results. On the other hand, the BBC had to change. Now it has to produce programmes no one else can do. Otherwise, forget the licence fee.[76]
The Bristol Unit has suffered along with the rest of the BBC from recent staff cuts. Yet it remains confident in the belief that the BBC will maintain it, in spite of the vagaries of fashion, because the Corporation believes that such programmes deserve a place in the schedules of any broadcaster with pretensions of providing a Public Service. In due course, similar specialist Units were also established in London, in order to produce programmes on archaeology and history, on the arts, on music and on science. They too, at one time, had their successes. But they have not survived as well as the Unit in Bristol. The statutory requirement that a certain percentage of programmes must come from independent producers has reduced in-house production and the Units necessarily shrank proportionately in size. As they dwindled, so the critical mass of their production expertise has diminished. The continuity of their archives has been broken, they have lost the close touch they once had worldwide with their subjects and they are no longer regarded internationally as the centres of innovation and expertise that they once were.[77]
When Birt gets up and says the whole of the BBC was a creative mess and it was wasteful, I never saw any evidence of that. I absolutely know it wasn’t so in my time. Producers now spend all their time worrying about money, and the thing has suffered for it.[78]
In 2008, he criticised the BBC’s television schedules:
I have to say that there are moments when I wonder — moments when its two senior networks, first set up as a partnership, schedule simultaneously programmes of identical character, thereby contradicting the very reason that the BBC was given a second network. Then there are times when both BBC One and BBC Two, intoxicated by the sudden popularity of a programme genre, allow that genre to proliferate and run rampant through the schedules. The result is that other kinds of programmes are not placed, simply because of a lack of space. Do we really require so many gardening programmes, make-over programmes or celebrity chefs? Is it not a scandal in this day and age, that there seems to be no place for continuing series of programmes about science or serious music or thoughtful in-depth interviews with people other than politicians?[73]
In 2009, Attenborough commented on the general state of British television, describing the newly introduced product placement on commercial television as something he considered an "appalling" idea 20 years earlier:
I think it's in great trouble. The whole system on which it was built — a limited number of networks, with adequate funding — is under threat. That funding is no longer there. As stations proliferate, so audiences are reduced. The struggle for audiences becomes ever greater, while money diminishes. I think that's a fair recipe for trouble. Inevitably, this has an impact on the BBC … Fortunately, the BBC doesn't think natural history programmes must compete with Strictly Come Dancing in terms of audience. The BBC says, 'Make proper, responsible natural history programmes.'[79]
Other causes[link]
In May 2005, Attenborough was appointed as patron of the UK's Blood Pressure Association, which provides information and support to people with hypertension.[80]
Attenborough is also an honorary member of BSES Expeditions, a youth development charity that operates challenging scientific research expeditions to remote wilderness environments.
Parodies and artistic portrayals[link]
Attenborough's accent and hushed, excited delivery have been the subject of frequent parodies by comedians, most notably Spike Milligan, Marty Feldman and The Goodies. Attenborough is portrayed by Michael Palin in the final episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus, where he searches the African jungle for the legendary Walking Tree of Dahomey (Quercus Nicholas Parsonus), sweating excessively and accompanied by native guides wearing saxophones. David Attenborough has also been parodied in a series of GEICO insurance commercials, showing a nature show host, clearly patterned on Attenborough.
"Time Flies", a sketch by David Ives, features a pair of anthropomorphic mayflies engaging in a courtship ritual, while watching themselves on television in a documentary narrated by David Attenborough.[81]
The character of Nigel Thornberry, a nature documentarian on Nickelodeon's The Wild Thornberrys is strongly influenced by Attenborough.
He has also been parodied by the Australia 1980s sketch show The Comedy Company where Ian McFadyen portrays a character called David Rabbitborough, who goes about examining the "wildlife" of various Australian urban stereotypes.
The video game Discworld, based on the series of books by Terry Pratchett, parodies his unique delivery to explain different aspects of the Discworld Universe, such as L-Space.
Mythbusters host Adam Savage often imitates Attenborough when speaking about his co-host Jamie Hyneman, which Jamie verified in the YouTube Special Episode.
Filmography[link]
Main article: David Attenborough filmography
Attenborough is known foremost for writing and presenting the ten Life series, which are presented in chronological order below:
- Life on Earth (1979)
- The Living Planet (1984)
- The Trials of Life (1990)
- Life in the Freezer (1993)
- The Private Life of Plants (1995)
- The Life of Birds (1998)
- The Life of Mammals (2002)
- Life in the Undergrowth (2005)
- Life in Cold Blood (2008)
- First Life (2010)
His voice is synonymous with wildlife documentaries for British audiences, and the principal series with which his narration is associated include:
- Wildlife on One (1977–2005)
- BBC Wildlife Specials (1995–2008)
- The Blue Planet (2001)
- Planet Earth (British version) (2006)
- Nature's Great Events (2009)
- Life (2009)
- Frozen Planet (2011)
Books[link]
Bibliography[link]
- Zoo Quest to Guyana (Lutterworth Press, 1956)
- Zoo Quest for a Dragon (Lutterworth Press, 1957)
- (book club edition with 85 extra pages, Quest for the Paradise Birds, 1959)
- Zoo Quest in Paraguay (Lutterworth Press, 1959)
- paperback (Penguin Books, 1982)
- Quest in Paradise (1960)
- People of Paradise (Harper & Brothers, 1960)
- Zoo Quest to Madagascar (1961)
- Quest Under Capricorn (1963)
- Fabulous Animals (BBC, 1975) ISBN 0-563-17006-9
- The Tribal Eye (1976)
- Life on Earth (1979)
- Discovering Life on Earth (1981)
- Journeys to the past: Travels in New Guinea, Madagascar, and the northern territory of Australia (1983) Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-00.64133
- The Living Planet (1984)
- The First Eden: The Mediterranean World and Man (1987)(Little Brown & Co (T); 1st American ed edition (March 1990))
- The Atlas of the Living World (1989)
- The Trials of Life (Collins, 1990) ISBN 0-00-219912-2
- The Private Life of Plants (BBC Books, 1994) ISBN 0-563-37023-8
- The Life of Birds (BBC Books, 1998) ISBN 0-563-38792-0
- The Life of Mammals (BBC Books, 2002) ISBN 0-563-53423-0
- Life on Air: Memoirs of a Broadcaster (autobiography; 2002) ISBN 0-563-53461-3
- paperback: ISBN 0-563-48780-1
- updated edition: ISBN 978-1-84607-652-7
- Life in the Undergrowth (BBC Books, 2005) ISBN 0-563-52208-9
- Amazing Rare Things - The Art of Natural History in the Age of Discovery with Susan Owens, Martin Clayton and Rea Alexandratos (The Royal Collection, 2007) Hardback - ISBN 978-1-902163-46-8; Softback - ISBN 978-1-902163-99-4
- Life in Cold Blood (BBC Books, 2007) ISBN 978-0-563-53922-3
- Life Stories, (HarperCollins Publishers, 2009) ISBN 978-0-00-733883-2
- New Life Stories, (Collins, 2011) ISBN 978-0-00-742512-9
Introductions[link]
Attenborough has written the introduction or foreword for a number of books, including:
- Buxton, Cindy; Annie Price (1983). Survival South Atlantic. London :: Granada,. pp. xiii,237p.,[64]p. of plates : ill(some col.), maps,col.ports. ; 26cm.. ISBN 0-246-12087-8.
- African Jigsaw: A Musical Entertainment, Peter Rose and Anne Conlon (published: 1986, Weinberger)
- Tomorrow Is Too Late, Various (The Macmillan Press, 1990)
- Life in the Freezer: Natural History of the Antarctic, Alastair Fothergill (BBC Books, 1993), ISBN 0-563-36431-9
- Birds of Paradise: Paradisaeidae (Bird Families of the World series) Clifford B. Frith, Bruce M. Beehler, William T. Cooper (Illustrator) (Oxford University Press, 1998) ISBN 0-19-854853-2
- The Blue Planet, Andrew Byatt, Alastair Fothergill, Martha Holmes (BBC Books, 2001) ISBN 0-563-38498-0.
- Light on the Earth (BBC Books, 2005), two decades of winning images from the Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition, ISBN 0-563-52260-7
- Planet Earth, Alastair Fothergill (BBC Books, 2006), ISBN 0-563-52212-7
Audio recordings[link]
- Tarka the Otter by Henry Williamson (available on audiocassette, 1978)
- Yanomamo (musical entertainment, 1983) by Peter Rose and Anne Conlon; on-stage narration and published audio recording
- Ocean World (musical entertainment, 1990) by Peter Rose and Anne Conlon; on-stage narration (including at The Royal Festival Hall), for audio recording and video broadcast (both published)
- Peter and the Wolf for BBC Music Magazine (free CD with the June 2000 issue).
In addition, Attenborough has recorded some of his own works in audiobook form, including Life on Earth, Zoo Quest for a Dragon and his autobiography Life on Air: Memoirs of a Broadcaster.
References[link]
- ^ Waldemayer, Winston (2009-01-28). "Short Sharp Science: Eye-burrowing worms, national treasures... and creationism". Newscientist.com. http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/01/eye-burrowing-worms-national-t.html. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ Kendall, Paul (31 January 2009). "Sir David Attenborough: 'Man was given permission to exploit the natural world by the Bible'". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/4413130/Sir-David-Attenborough-Man-was-given-permission-to-exploit-the-natural-world-by-the-Bible.html. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ "Margaret Thatcher, Richard Branson and Judi Dench picked as National Treasures". London: The Telegraph. 2008-09-18. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2982907/Margaret-Thatcher-Richard-Branson-and-Judi-Dench-picked-as-National-Treasures.html. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ "Richard Attenborough's official website: Biography". Richardattenborough.com. http://www.richardattenborough.com/Biography/. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ^ History of College House at the Wayback Machine (archived September 24, 2006)
- ^ O'Hanlon, Terry (26 November 2000). "The Missing Link; We find Attenborough brother No. 3". Sunday Mirror (London). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20001126/ai_n14516598/. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ Mentioned as an aside at the 90 second mark on The Amber Time Machine, part of the Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages collection of documentaries.
- ^ a b "Sir David Attenborough - Naturalist". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/plain/A20218628. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ "Cover.Qxd" (PDF). http://www.clarealumni.com/s/845/file_lib/1/1/clarenews11_633540413018489651.pdf. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ "Dr Robert Attenborough - School of Archaeology & Anthropology - ANU". Arts.anu.edu.au. 9 July 2009. http://archanth.anu.edu.au/staff/dr-robert-attenborough. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ Attenborough, David (2002). Life on Air. BBC Books. ISBN 0-563-53461-3. pp. 10-11.
- ^ Life on Air, p.13.
- ^ Life on Air, pp.60-61.
- ^ "Transcript of interview with David Attenborough" (PDF). http://www.wildfilmhistory.org/helpers/force-download.php?file=pdf/David_Attenborough.pdf. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ Gately, Martin (1 April 2006). "Fortean Times episode guide to ''Fabulous Animals''". Forteantimes.com. http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/101/attenboroughs_fabulous_animals.html. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ Radio Times 26 Jan–1 February 2008: "The Last Word", interview with Jeremy Paxman
- ^ Attenborough's Journey, BBC Two, 24 October 2010
- ^ "Meerkats United". WildFilmistory.org. http://www.wildfilmhistory.org/film/151/Meerkats+United.html. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
- ^ Attenborough, David. ""Where the Wild Things Are" (Essay for BBC "Made in the Uk")". BBC.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/info/policies/madeintheuk/pdfs/5_david_attenborough_where_the_wild_things_are.pdf. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
- ^ Holmwood, Leigh (21 September 2007). "Attenborough is back - again". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/sep/21/bbc.television1. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ "Nature's Great Events Press Pack". BBC Press Office. 11 February 2009. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/01_january/05/nature.shtml.
- ^ "Sir David Attenborough to front Sky 3D wildlife show". BBC News Online. 7 April 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8606923.stm.
- ^ Brown, Maggie (5 May 2012). "David Attenborough's 60-year career celebrated in BBC series". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2012/may/05/david-attenborough-bbc-series. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ^ "David Attenborough's Kingdom of Plants 3D will burst onto Sky 3D screens in May 2012". Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. http://www.kew.org/about-kew/press-media/press-releases-kew/david-attenborough-kingdom-of-plants/index.htm. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ^ "Atlantic and Sky announce further groundbreaking 3D project with David Attenborough". Atlantic Productions. http://www.atlanticproductions.co.uk/news/atlantic-and-sky-announce-further-groundbreaking-3d-project-with-david-attenborough/. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ^ Rajesh, Monisha. "Attenborough, Atlantic teaming up for second "First Life"". realscreen.com. http://realscreen.com/2011/12/23/exclusive-attenborough-atlantic-teaming-up-for-second-first-life/. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ^ "David Attenborough's Natural Curiosities". Eden Channel. http://uktv.co.uk/eden/item/aid/652175. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ "Solidarity and Return to Sender". Amnesty Magazine (London: Amnesty Intrernational) 0264-3278 (151): 24. September/October 2008.
- ^ "Attenborough takes on Cooke's radio slot". Digital Spy. 30 January 2009. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/broadcasting/a145070/attenborough-takes-on-cookes-radio-slot.html. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ "BBC Podcasts: A Point of View". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/pov/. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ Smith, Giles (31 December 2001). "What comes naturally". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4729076/What-comes-naturally.html.
- ^ Whitworth, Damian (22 January 2009). "David Attenborough on Charles Darwin". London: The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article5562484.ece.
- ^ Donaghy, James (3 March 2008). "David Attenborough: a fine specimen". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/tvandradioblog/2008/mar/03/davidattenboroughafinespec.
- ^ "Sir David Attenborough heads lists of most honoured by Britain's universities". London: The Sunday Telegraph. 1 August 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/7920613/Sir-David-Attenborough-heads-lists-of-most-honoured-by-Britains-universities.html.
- ^ "WWF Council of Ambassadors - Sir David Attenborough". WWF-UK. http://www.wwf.org.uk/what_we_do/about_us/all_about_wwf/wwf_uk_council_of_ambassadors/sir_david_attenborough.cfm. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
- ^ "Honorary Graduates 1989 to present". bath.ac.uk. University of Bath. http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ "St Andrews to honour David Attenborough". st-andrews.ac.uk. University of St Andrews. http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2011/Title,68380,en.html. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
- ^ "British Icons Pick Up Uni Honours". Sky News. 13 July 2011. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/200806413532577.
- ^ Hoggart, Simon (28 January 2006). "In David we trust ... but not Peter". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,5673,1696927,00.html.
- ^ culture show. "Living Icons - David Attenborough". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/livingicons/bio01.shtml. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ^ "New Statesman". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/200605220016. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ "Plesiosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide". Dinosauria.com. http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/ples.html. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ "Oldest Live-Birth Fossil Found; Fish Had Umbilical Cord". National Geographic News. 28 May 2008. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/05/080528-mother-fossil.html.
- ^ Robinson, A.S., A.S. Fleischmann, S.R. McPherson, V.B. Heinrich, E.P. Gironella & C.Q. Peña 2009. A spectacular new species of Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant from central Palawan, Philippines. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159(2): 195–202. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00942.x
- ^ "Prince opens £78m Darwin Centre". BBC News. 14 September 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8254804.stm.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 50221. p. 10816. 6 August 1985.
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ "ATTENBOROUGH, Sir David (Frederick)". Who's Who (2010 ed.). Oxford, England: A and C Black. December 2009.
- ^ "Welcome to IEEM". Ieem.net. http://www.ieem.net. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ^ "Prince of Asturias Awards 2009". http://fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/en/awards/2009/david-attenborough-1/. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ smartbahu.com. "David Attenborough to be honoured by Queensland Museum". Smartbahu.com. http://www.smartbahu.com/node/500347. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ^ "Queensland Government". Science.qld.gov.au. http://www.science.qld.gov.au/dsdweb/v4/apps/web/content.cfm?id=15012. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ^ "Independent journalist wins RSPB medal". Birdwatch. http://www.birdwatch.co.uk/channel/newsitem.asp?c=11&cate=__7806. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ^ Reynolds, James (2007-08-23). "Gifted naturalist is awarded prestigious RSPB medal". RSPB. http://www.rspb.org.uk/media/releases/175798-gifted-naturalist-is-awarded-prestigious-rspb-medal. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ^ James Fair, "Small Things Bright and Beautiful", BBC Wildlife Magazine, November 2005, pp. 25-26.
- ^ "Personal plea by David Attenborough". www.savethealbatross.net. 27 January 2006. http://www.savethealbatross.net/the_latest/the_latest_item.asp?newsid=24.
- ^ "Sir David Attenborough: Heart of Borneo is a global heritage". WWF-UK press release. http://www.wwf.org.uk/core/about/ta_0000001801.asp.
- ^ Davies, Ashley (20 May 2003). "Arkive sets sail on the web". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/conservation/story/0,,969572,00.html.
- ^ WildScreen Annual Review 2010. Wildscreen. http://www.wildscreen.org.uk/downloads/AnnualReview2010.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
- ^ Attenborough, David (24 May 2006). "Climate change is the major challenge facing the world". London: The Independent. http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article570935.ece.
- ^ Interview in the Radio Times 23–29 June 2007
- ^ Interview with Simon Mayo, BBC Radio Five Live, 2 December 2005
- ^ David Attenborough, 2003. "Wild, wild life." Sydney Morning Herald, 25 March. Attenborough has also told this story in numerous other interviews.
- ^ BBC Today programme, 31 January 2009
- ^ Walker, Tim (26 January 2009). "Sir David Attenborough questioned on faith, naturally". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/4347954/Sir-David-Attenborough-questioned-on-faith-naturally.html.
- ^ Butt, Riazat (27 January 2009). "Attenborough reveals creationist hate mail for not crediting God". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/27/david-attenborough-science. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
- ^ "Is the Bible to blame for trashing Earth?". worldnetdaily.com. http://worldnetdaily.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=87651. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
- ^ "The Great Beyond: David Attenborough on Darwin, evolution and the Bible". blogs.nature.com. http://blogs.nature.com/news/thegreatbeyond/2009/01/david_attenborough_on_darwin_e.html. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
- ^ Rutherford, A. (2009). "Q&A: Building on paradise". Nature 457 (7232): 967–967. DOI:10.1038/457967a. PMID 19225509. edit
- ^ a b Whitworth, Damian (22 January 2009). "David Attenborough on Charles Darwin - Times Online". London: www.timesonline.co.uk. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article5562484.ece. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
- ^ "David Attenborough on ''Friday Night with Jonathan Ross''". YouTube. 31 October 2009. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvoJSlcIYmM. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ^ Collins, Nick (19 September 2011). "David Attenborough joins campaign against creationism in schools". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/8769353/David-Attenborough-joins-campaign-against-creationism-in-schools.html. Retrieved 2011-09-22.
- ^ a b "The BBC and the future of public service broadcasting". http://www.bbc.co.uk/thefuture/transcript_atten6.shtml.
- ^ a b Pierce, Andrew (2 May 2008). "Sir David Attenborough enters political jungle". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1921592/Sir-David-Attenborough-enters-political-jungle.html. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ "Attenborough backs Ross". http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/multi-platform/news/attenborough-backs-ross/1925560.article.
- ^ "The New Statesman Interview - David Attenborough". http://www.newstatesman.com/199812180019.
- ^ "The BBC and the future of public service broadcasting". http://www.bbc.co.uk/thefuture/transcript_atten4.shtml.
- ^ Hamilton, Fiona (3 November 2002). "Interview: Marguerite Driscoll meets Sir David Attenborough: So much jollier than being DG". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article820515.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ Khan, Urmee (5 October 2009). "David Attenborough says TV is in 'Big Trouble'". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6261612/David-Attenborough-says-TV-is-in-Big-Trouble.html. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ Press release, Blood Pressure Association web site, 13 May 2005
- ^ "North County Times: Laughs fly in New Village Arts' treatment of David Ives' words". Nctimes.com. 6 August 2009. http://www.nctimes.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/theatre/article_4d08ed69-0b4f-5fed-a94f-af2fb123fdfa.html. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: David Attenborough |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: David Attenborough |
- David Attenborough at the Internet Movie Database
- BBC Books David Attenborough website
- BBC Life on Air website
- BBC biography
- Wildfilmhistory.org biography
- BBC interviews with Attenborough in 1976 and 1998
- PBS interview with Attenborough in 1998
- A Life in TV: Sir David Attenborough, BAFTA
- BBC Wildlife Finder - David Attenborough's favourite moments
- Tribute from the World Land Trust
- David Attenborough profile on Eden Channel website
- List of David Attenborough's programmes on Eden Channel website
| Media offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Michael Peacock |
Controller of BBC Two 1965–1969 |
Succeeded by Robin Scott |
| Non-profit organization positions | ||
| Preceded by ? |
President of the Royal Society for Nature Conservation 1991–1996 |
Succeeded by ? |
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Attenborough, David |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Broadcaster, naturalist |
| Date of birth | 8 May 1926 |
| Place of birth | London, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/David_Attenborough
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/David Attenborough
http://cs.wn.com/David Attenborough
http://id.wn.com/Sir David Attenborough
http://es.wn.com/David Attenborough
http://ru.wn.com/Аттенборо, Дэвид
http://nl.wn.com/David Attenborough
http://pt.wn.com/David Attenborough
http://pl.wn.com/David Attenborough
http://fr.wn.com/David Attenborough
http://de.wn.com/David Attenborough
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Attenborough
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the band. For the band's self-titled album, see The Cure (The Cure album). For other uses, see Cure (disambiguation).
| The Cure | |
|---|---|
 The Cure performing in Singapore in 2007. Left to right: Porl Thompson, Jason Cooper (back), Robert Smith, Simon Gallup. |
|
| Background information | |
| Origin | Crawley, England |
| Genres | Gothic rock,[1][2] alternative rock, New Wave, post-punk |
| Years active | 1976–present |
| Labels | Fiction, Suretone, Geffen, Polydor, Elektra, Asylum, Sire |
| Associated acts | Malice, Easy Cure, The Glove, Siouxsie and the Banshees |
| Website | www.thecure.com |
| Members | |
| Robert Smith Simon Gallup Roger O'Donnell Jason Cooper Reeves Gabrels |
|
| Past members | |
| Lol Tolhurst Michael Dempsey Matthieu Hartley Andy Anderson Phil Thornalley Boris Williams Porl Thompson Perry Bamonte |
|
The Cure are an English alternative rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976. The band has experienced several line-up changes, with frontman, vocalist, guitarist and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member. The Cure first began releasing music in the late 1970s with its debut album Three Imaginary Boys (1979); this, along with several early singles, placed the band as part of the post-punk and New Wave movements that had sprung up in the wake of the punk rock revolution in the United Kingdom. During the early 1980s, the band's increasingly dark and tormented music helped form the gothic rock genre.[1][2][3]
After the release of Pornography (1982), the band's future was uncertain and Smith was keen to move past the gloomy reputation his band had acquired. With the 1982 single "Let's Go to Bed" Smith began to place a pop sensibility into the band's music (as well as a unique stage look). The Cure's popularity increased as the decade wore on, especially in the United States where the songs "Just Like Heaven", "Lovesong" and "Friday I'm in Love" entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart. By the start of the 1990s, The Cure were one of the most popular alternative rock bands in the world. The band is estimated to have sold 27 million albums as of 2004.[4] The Cure have released thirteen studio albums, 10 EPs and over thirty singles during the course of their career. Since 2010, they have been working on a fourteenth studio album.[5]
Contents
|
History[link]
Formation and early years (1973–1979)[link]
The first incarnation of what became The Cure was The Obelisk, a band formed by students at Notre Dame Middle School in Crawley, Sussex. The band made their public debut in a one-off performance in April 1973, and featured Robert Smith (piano), Michael "Mick" Dempsey (guitar), Laurence "Lol" Tolhurst (percussion), Marc Ceccagno (lead guitar) and Alan Hill (bass guitar).[6] In January 1976 the band took a more substantial form of what would be when Ceccagno formed Malice with Smith and Dempsey along with two other classmates from St. Wilfrid's Catholic Comprehensive School, with Ceccagno on lead, Smith on guitar, and Dempsey switching to bass. Ceccagno soon left, however, to form a jazz-rock fusion band called Amulet. Increasingly influenced by the emergence of punk rock, Malice's remaining members became known as Easy Cure in January 1977.[7] By this time, Smith and Dempsey had been joined by Lol Tolhurst from The Obelisk on drums, and new lead guitarist Porl Thompson. Both Malice and Easy Cure auditioned several vocalists before Smith finally assumed the role of Easy Cure's frontman in September 1977.[8]
That year, Easy Cure won a talent competition with German label Hansa Records, and received a recording contract. Although the band recorded tracks for the company, none were ever released.[9] Following disagreements in March 1978 over the direction the band should take, the contract with Hansa was dissolved. Smith later recalled, "We were very young. They just thought they could turn us into a teen group. They actually wanted us to do cover versions and we always refused."[9] Thompson was dropped from the band in May, and the remaining trio (Smith/Tolhurst/Dempsey) were soon renamed The Cure by Smith.[10] Later that month the band recorded their first sessions as a trio at Chestnut Studios in Sussex, which were distributed as a demo tape to a dozen major record labels.[11] The demo found its way to Polydor Records scout Chris Parry, who signed The Cure to his newly formed Fiction label—distributed by Polydor—in September 1978.[12] The Cure released their debut single "Killing an Arab" in December 1978 on the Small Wonder label as a stopgap until Fiction finalised distribution arrangements with Polydor. "Killing an Arab" garnered both acclaim and controversy: while the single's provocative title led to accusations of racism, the song is actually based on French existentialist Albert Camus's novel The Stranger.[13] The band placed a sticker label that denied the racist connotations on the single's 1979 reissue on Fiction. An early NME article on the band wrote that The Cure "are like a breath of fresh suburban air on the capital's smog-ridden pub-and-club circuit" and noted "With a John Peel session and more extensive London gigging on their immediate agenda, it remains to be seen whether or not The Cure can retain their refreshing joie de vivre."[14]
The Cure released their debut album Three Imaginary Boys in May 1979. Because of the band's inexperience in the studio, Parry and engineer Mike Hedges took control of the recording.[15] The band, particularly Smith, were unhappy with their debut; in a 1987 interview, he admitted, "a lot of it was very superficial – I didn't even like it at the time. There were criticisms made that it was very lightweight, and I thought they were justified. Even when we'd made it, I wanted to do something that I thought had more substance to it".[16] The band's second single "Boys Don't Cry" was released in June. The Cure then embarked as the support band for Siouxsie and the Banshees' Join Hands promotional tour of England, Northern Ireland, and Wales between August and October. The tour saw Smith pull double duty each night by performing with The Cure and as the guitarist with The Banshees when John McKay quit the group.[17] That musical experience had a strong impact on him: "On stage that first night with the Banshees, I was blown away by how powerful I felt playing that kind of music. It was so different to what we were doing with The Cure. Before that, I'd wanted us to be like The Buzzcocks or Elvis Costello, the punk Beatles. Being a Banshee really changed my attitude to what I was doing."[18]
The Cure's third single "Jumping Someone Else's Train" was released in early October 1979. Soon afterwards, Dempsey was dropped from the band because of his cold reception to material Smith had written for the upcoming album.[19] Dempsey joined the Associates, while Simon Gallup (bass) and Matthieu Hartley (keyboards) from The Magspies joined The Cure. The Associates toured as support band for The Cure and The Passions on the Future Pastimes Tour of England between November and December—all three bands were on the Fiction Records roster—with the new Cure line-up already performing a number of new songs for the projected second album.[20] Meanwhile, a spin-off band comprising Smith, Tolhurst, Dempsey, Gallup, Hartley and Thompson, with backing vocals from assorted family and friends, and lead vocals provided by their local postman Frankie Bell released a 7-inch single in December under the assumed name of Cult Hero.[21]
Early Gothic Phase (1980–1982)[link]
|
|
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
Due to the band's lack of creative control on the first album, Smith exerted a greater influence on the recording of The Cure's second album Seventeen Seconds, which he co-produced with Mike Hedges.[22] The album was released in 1980 and reached number 20 on the UK charts. A single from the album, "A Forest", became the band's first UK hit single, reaching number 31 on the singles chart.[23] The album was a departure from The Cure's sound up to that point, with Hedges describing it as "morose, atmospheric, very different to Three Imaginary Boys."[24] In its review of Seventeen Seconds the NME said, "For a group as young as The Cure, it seems amazing that they have covered so much territory in such a brief time."[25] At the same time, Smith was pressed concerning the concept of an alleged "anti-image".[26] Smith told the press he was fed up with the anti-image association that some considered to be "elaborately disguising their plainness", stating, "We had to get away from that anti-image thing, which we didn't even create in the first place. And it seemed like we were trying to be more obscure. We just didn't like the standard rock thing. The whole thing really got out of hand."[27] That same year Three Imaginary Boys was repackaged for the American market as Boys Don't Cry, with new artwork and a modified tracklist. The Cure set out on their first world tour to promote both releases. At the end of the tour, Matthieu Hartley left the band. Hartley said, "I realised that the group was heading towards suicidal, sombre music—the sort of thing that didn't interest me at all."[28]
The band reconvened with Hedges to produce their third album Faith (1981), which furthered the mood of misery present on Seventeen Seconds.[29] The album peaked at number 14 on the UK charts.[23] Included with cassette copies of Faith was an instrumental soundtrack for Carnage Visors, an animated film shown in place of an opening act for the band's 1981 Picture Tour.[30] In late 1981, The Cure released the non-album single "Charlotte Sometimes". By this point, the sombre mood of the music had a profound effect on the attitude of the band. The band would refuse requests for older songs in concert, and sometimes Smith would be so absorbed by the persona he projected onstage he would leave at the end in tears.[31]
In 1982, The Cure recorded and released Pornography, the third and final album of an "oppressively dispirited" trio that cemented the Cure's stature as purveyors of the emerging gothic rock genre.[32] Smith has said that during the recording of Pornography he was "undergoing a lot of mental stress. But it had nothing to do with the group, it just had to do with what I was like, my age and things. I think I got to my worst round about Pornography. Looking back and getting other people's opinions of what went on, I was a pretty monstrous sort of person at that time".[16] Gallup described the album by saying, "Nihilism took over [. . .] We sang 'It doesn't matter if we all die' and that is exactly what we thought at the time."[33] Parry was concerned that the album did not have a hit song for radio play and instructed Smith and producer Phil Thornalley to polish the track "The Hanging Garden" for release as a single.[34] Despite the concerns about the album's uncommercial sound, Pornography became the band's first UK Top 10 album, charting at number eight.[23] The release of Pornography was followed by the Fourteen Explicit Moments tour, where the band finally dropped the anti-image angle and first adopted their signature look of big, towering hair and smeared lipstick on their faces.[35] The tour also saw a series of incidents that prompted Simon Gallup to leave The Cure at the tour's conclusion. Gallup and Smith did not talk to each other for eighteen months following his departure.[36]
Increasing commercial success (1983–1986)[link]
|
|
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
With Gallup's departure from The Cure and with Smith's work with Siouxsie and the Banshees, rumours spread that The Cure had broken up. In December 1982, Smith remarked to Melody Maker, "Do The Cure really exist any more? I've been pondering that question myself [. . .] it has got to a point where I don't fancy working in that format again." He added, "Whatever happens, it won't be me, Laurence, and Simon together any more. I know that."[37]
Parry was concerned at the state of his label's top band, and became convinced that the solution was for The Cure to reinvent its musical style. Parry managed to convince Smith and Tolhurst of the idea; Parry said, "It appealed to Robert because he wanted to destroy The Cure anyway."[38] With Tolhurst now playing keyboards instead of drums, the duo released the single "Let's Go to Bed" in late 1982. While Smith wrote the single from as a throwaway, "stupid" pop song to the press,[39] it became a minor hit in the UK, reaching number 44 on the singles chart.[23] It was followed in 1983 by two more successful songs: the synthesiser-based "The Walk" (number 12), and "The Love Cats", which became the band's first British Top 10 hit, reaching number seven.[23] The group released these studio singles and their B-sides as the compilation album Japanese Whispers, designed by Smith for the Japanese market only, but released worldwide on the decision of the record company. The same year, Smith also recorded and toured with Siouxsie and the Banshees, contributing as guitarist on their Nocturne live video and their Hyaena studio album. Meanwhile, he recorded the Blue Sunshine album with Banshees bassist Steven Severin as The Glove, while Lol Tolhurst produced the first two singles and debut album of the English band And Also The Trees.
In 1984, The Cure released The Top, a generally psychedelic album on which Smith played all the instruments except the drums—played by Andy Anderson—and the saxophone—played by returnee Porl Thompson. The album was a Top 10 hit in the UK, and was their first studio album to break the Billboard 200 in the U.S., reaching number 180.[23][40] Melody Maker praised the album as "psychedelia that can't be dated", while pondering, "I've yet to meet anyone who can tell me why The Cure are having hits now of all times."[41] The Cure then embarked on their worldwide "Top Tour" with Thompson, Anderson, and producer-turned-bassist Phil Thornalley on board. Released in late 1984, The Cure's first live album, Concert consisted of performances from this tour. Near the tour's end, Anderson was fired for destroying a hotel room and was replaced by Boris Williams.[42] Thornalley also left because of the stress of touring.[43] However, the bassist slot was not vacant long, for a Cure roadie named Gary Biddles had brokered a reunion between Smith and former bassist Simon Gallup, who had been playing in the band Fools Dance. Soon after reconciling, Smith asked Gallup to rejoin the band.[44] Smith was ecstatic about Gallup's return and declared to Melody Maker, "It's a group again."[45]
In 1985, the new line-up of Smith, Tolhurst, Gallup, Thompson, and Williams released The Head on the Door, an album that managed to bind together the optimistic and pessimistic aspects of the band's music between which they had previously shifted.[46] The Head on the Door reached number seven in the UK and was the band's first entry into American Top 75 at number 59,[23][40] a success partly due to the international impact of the LP's two singles, "In Between Days" and "Close to Me". Following the album and world tour, the band released the singles compilation Standing on a Beach in three formats (each with a different track listing and a specific name) in 1986. This compilation made the US Top 50,[40] and saw the re-issue of three previous singles: "Boys Don't Cry" (in a new form), "Let's Go To Bed" and later "Charlotte Sometimes". This release was accompanied by a VHS or LaserDisc called Staring at the Sea, which featured videos for each track on the compilation. The Cure toured to support the compilation and released a live concert VHS of the show, filmed in the south of France called The Cure in Orange. During this time, The Cure became a very popular band in Europe (particularly in France, Germany and the Benelux countries) and increasingly popular in the U.S.[47]
[edit] Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me and worldwide success (1987–1993)
In 1987, The Cure released the double LP Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me, which reached number six in the UK, the Top 10 in several countries[48] and was the band's first entry into the U.S. Top 40 at number 35 (where it was certified platinum),[23][40][49] due to the combination of the band's rising popularity and the success of lead single, "Why Can't I Be You?".[50] The album's third single, "Just Like Heaven" was the band's most successful single to date in the US, being their first to enter the Billboard Top 40.[51] After the album's release, the band embarked on the successful Kissing Tour. During the European leg of the tour, Lol Tolhurst's alcohol consumption was interfering with his ability to perform so The Psychedelic Furs keyboardist Roger O'Donnell was frequently called upon to stand in for him.[52]
|
|
|
| Problems listening to these files? See media help. | |
In 1989, The Cure released the album Disintegration, which saw a return to the gothic atmospheres of earlier releases like Faith and Pornography.[53] It became their highest charting album in the UK to date, entering at number three and featuring three Top 30 singles in the UK and Germany ("Lullaby", "Lovesong" and "Pictures of You").[23][54] Disintegration also reached number twelve on the US charts.[40] The first single stateside, "Fascination Street", reached number one on the American Modern Rock chart, but was quickly overshadowed when its third US single, "Lovesong", reached number two on the American pop charts (the only Cure single to reach the US Top 10).[51] By 1992, Disintegration had sold over three million copies worldwide.[55]
During the Disintegration sessions, the band gave Smith an ultimatum that either Tolhurst would have to leave the band or they would.[56] In February 1989, Tolhurst's exit was made official and announced to the press;[57] this resulted in Roger O'Donnell becoming a full-fledged member of the band and left Smith as The Cure's only remaining founder member. Smith attributed Tolhurst's dismissal to an inability to exert himself and issues with alcohol, concluding, "He was out of step with everything. It had just become detrimental to everything we'd do."[58] Because Tolhurst was still on the payroll during the recording of Disintegration, he was credited in the album's liner notes as playing "other instruments", however it has since been revealed that he contributed nothing to the album in either performance or song writing. The Cure then embarked on the Prayer Tour, which saw the band playing stadiums in the US. On 6 September 1989, The Cure performed "Just Like Heaven" at the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles.[59] In February 1990, the song won the Brit Award for Best British Video.[60]
In May 1990, Roger O'Donnell quit and was replaced with the band's guitar technician Perry Bamonte. That November, The Cure released a collection of remixes called Mixed Up. The album was not well received and quickly slid down the charts.[61] The one new song on the collection, "Never Enough", was released as a single. In 1991 The Cure were awarded the Brit Award for Best British Group.[62] That same year Tolhurst filed a lawsuit against Smith and Fiction Records in 1991 over royalties payments, and claimed joint ownership of the name "The Cure" with Smith; the verdict was handed out in September 1994 in favour of Smith. In respite from the lawsuit, the band returned to the studio to record their next album.[63] Wish reached number one in the UK and number two in the US and yielded the international hits "High" and "Friday I'm in Love".[23][40] The Cure also embarked on the "Wish Tour" with Cranes, and released the live albums Show (September 1993) and Paris (October 1993). As a promotional exercise with the Our Price music chain in the UK, a limited edition EP was released consisting of instrumental outtakes from the Wish sessions. Entitled Lost Wishes, the proceeds from the four-track cassette tape went to charity. In 1993, the band were nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album for Wish.[64]
In the years between the release of Wish and the start of sessions for The Cure's next album, the band's line-up shifted again. Thompson left the band once more during 1993 to play with Robert Plant and Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin, and Bamonte took over as lead guitarist. Boris Williams also left the band, and was replaced by Jason Cooper (formerly of My Life Story).
Period of transition (1994–1998)[link]
The album sessions began in 1994 with only Smith and Bamonte present; the pair were later joined by Gallup (who was recovering from physical problems) and Roger O'Donnell, who had been asked to rejoin the band at the end of 1994.[65] The Cure performed "Burn" in the movie The Crow and "Dredd Song", the theme song of the 1995 movie Judge Dredd starring Sylvester Stallone (The former song despite never being released as a single nor ever played live, is regarded a fan favourite of Cure fans and fans of 'The Crow'). It was not released on a Cure album until 2004 on Join the Dots: B-Sides & Rarities 1978–2001 (The Fiction Years).
Wild Mood Swings, finally released in 1996, was poorly received compared with previous albums and marked the end of the band's commercial peak.[66] Early in 1996, the Cure played festivals in South America, followed by a world tour in support of the album Galore. Galore contained all of the Cure's singles released between 1987 and 1997, as well as the new single "Wrong Number", which featured longtime David Bowie guitarist Reeves Gabrels. Gabrels also accompanied The Cure on a brief American radio festival tour as an onstage guest guitarist for "Wrong Number". In 1998 The Cure contributed to the soundtrack album for The X Files feature film as well as the Depeche Mode tribute album For the Masses, with their cover of "World in My Eyes".
|
|
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
Later years (1999–2009)[link]
With only one album left in their record contract and with commercial response to Wild Mood Swings and the Galore compilation lacklustre, Smith once again considered that the end of The Cure might be near and thus wanted to make an album that reflected the more serious side of the band.[67] The Grammy-nominated album Bloodflowers was released in 2000 after being delayed since 1998.[68] According to Smith, the album was the third of a trilogy along with Pornography and Disintegration.[69] The band also embarked on the nine-month Dream Tour, attended by over one million people worldwide. In 2001, The Cure left Fiction and released their Greatest Hits album and DVD, which featured the music videos for a number of classic Cure songs. In 2002, the band headlined twelve major summer music festivals, and played three extended concerts (one in Brussels, two in Berlin) in which they performed the albums Pornography, Disintegration and Bloodflowers in their respective entireties each night. The Berlin performances were released on DVD as The Cure: Trilogy in 2003.
In 2003, The Cure signed with Geffen Records. In 2004, they released a new four-disc boxed set on Fiction Records titled Join the Dots: B-Sides and Rarities, 1978-2001 (The Fiction Years). The compilation includes seventy Cure songs, some previously unreleased, and a 76-page full-colour book of photographs, history and quotes, packaged in a hard cover. The album peaked at number 106 on the Billboard 200 album charts.[40] The band released their twelfth album The Cure on Geffen in 2004, which was produced by Ross Robinson. It made a top ten debut on both sides of the Atlantic in July 2004.[23][40] To promote the album, the band headlined the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival that May. From 24 July to 29 August, The Cure headlined the Curiosa concert tour of North America. While attendances were lower than expected, Curiosa was still one of the more successful American summer festivals of 2004.[70] The same year the band was honoured with an MTV Icon award in a television special presented by Marilyn Manson.[71]
In May 2005, Roger O'Donnell and Perry Bamonte were fired from the band. O'Donnell claims Smith informed him he was reducing the band to a three-piece. Previously O'Donnell said he had only found out about the band's upcoming tour dates via a fan site and added, "It was sad to find out after nearly 20 years the way I did but then I should have expected no less or more."[72] The remaining members of the band—Smith, Gallup and Cooper—made several appearances as a trio before it was announced in June that Porl Thompson would be returning for the band's 2005 Festival summer shows, as well as their set at Live 8 in Paris on 2 July. Later that year, the band recorded a cover of John Lennon's "Love" for Amnesty International's charity album Make Some Noise. It is available for download on the Amnesty website, while the album was released on CD in 2006. On 1 April 2006, The Cure appeared at the Royal Albert Hall on behalf of the Teenage Cancer Trust. It was their only show through to the end the year. In December a live DVD, entitled The Cure: Festival 2005 including 30 songs of their 2005 Festival tour was released.
The Cure began writing and recording material for their thirteenth album in 2006. Smith initially stated it would be a double album.[73] The Cure announced a last-minute postponement of their autumn 2007 North American 4Tour in August in order to continue working on the album, rescheduling the dates for spring 2008.[74] Titled 4:13 Dream, the album was released in October 2008. The group released four singles and an EP—"The Only One", "Freakshow", "Sleep When I'm Dead", "The Perfect Boy" and Hypnagogic States respectively—on or near to the 13th of each month, in the months leading up to the album's release. In February 2009, The Cure received the 2009 Shockwaves NME Award for Godlike Genius.[75]
Reunion with former members and next album (2010–present)[link]
On January 13, 2010, Smith announced on The Cure's website that they were working on the follow-up to 4:13 Dream and an iTunes exclusive release. He explained, "There is an 'exclusive' iTunes Cure album still in the works... and part two of the Dream sessions is slowly taking shape."[5] In August 2011, Smith told Hot Press that The Cure may not be interested in wrapping up the leftover material that was recorded during the 4:13 Dream sessions. He explained, "It's one of those things that it's been left so long now I expect it will come out as a half-finished sort of thing. I'm not sure if the band wants to complete it, which is sort of the elephant in the room. What happened to the second half of the album? No one mentions it! We're aware that it's there. Nobody really wants to talk about it. Maybe it will come up after a few post-festival beers!". Smith later added, "I think between now and this time next year, The Cure will take precedence over anything else. Until I get the second half of this album out, I won't do another collaboration."[76]
In 2011, the band played their first three studio albums in their entirety during two shows in Sydney, Australia. These "Reflections" shows notably featured Roger O'Donnell and Laurence Tolhurst, both in a keyboard and percussion role. Porl Thompson was absent from the performances. The shows are due to be released on DVD in 2012.[77] The band later headlined Bestival. Roger O'Donnell again joined the band on stage. On 11 September 2011, Roger O'Donnell announced on his Facebook page that he had officially rejoined the band. The band announced seven more Reflections shows, one in London, three in New York City and three in Los Angeles.[78] On Tuesday 27 September, The Cure was announced as a nominee for 2012 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[79] The Cure have been announced as one of the three headliners of the 2012 Reading and Leeds Festivals.
Musical style[link]
The Cure are often identified with the gothic rock subgenre of alternative rock, and are viewed as one of the form's definitive bands. However, the band has routinely rejected classification, particularly as a gothic rock band. Robert Smith said in 2006, "It's so pitiful when 'goth' is still tagged onto the name The Cure", and added, "We're not categorisable. I suppose we were post-punk when we came out, but in total it's impossible [...] I just play Cure music, whatever that is."[80] Smith has also expressed his distaste for gothic rock, describing it as "incredibly dull and monotonous. A dirge really."[81] While typically viewed as producers of dark and gloomy music, The Cure have also yielded a number of upbeat songs. Spin has said "The Cure have always been an either/or sort of band: either [...] Robert Smith is wallowing in gothic sadness or he's licking sticky-sweet cotton-candy pop off his lipstick-stained fingers."[82]
The Cure's primary musical traits have been listed as "dominant, melodic bass lines; whiny, strangulated vocals; and a lyric obsession with existential, almost literary despair."[83] Most Cure songs start with Smith and Gallup writing the drum parts and bass lines. Both record demos at home and then bring them into the studio for fine-tuning.[84] Smith said in 1992, "I think when people talk about the 'Cure sound,' they mean songs based on 6-string bass, acoustic guitar, and my voice, plus the string sound from the Solina."[84] On top of this foundation is laid "towering layers of guitars and synthesisers".[85] Keyboards have been a component of the band's sound since Seventeen Seconds, and their importance increased with the instrument's extensive use on Disintegration.[86] With the Departure of Roger O'Donnell in 2005, keyboards have not been as prominent in the band's album 4:13 Dream and their live shows.
Music videos[link]
The band's early music videos have been described as "dreadful affairs" and have been maligned for their poor quality, particularly by the band itself. Lol Tolhurst said, "Those videos were unmitigated disasters; we weren't actors and our personalities weren't coming across."[87] It was with the video for "Let's Go to Bed", their first collaboration with director Tim Pope, that The Cure would become noted for their videos. Pope added a playful element to the band's videos; the director insisted in a 1987 Spin interview, "I think that side of them was always there, but was never brought out."[16] Pope would go on to direct the majority of The Cure's videos, and his videos, which became synonymous with the band, helped expand The Cure's audience during the 1980s.[88] Pope explained the appeal of working with The Cure by saying, "The Cure is the ultimate band for a filmmaker to work with because Robert Smith really understands the camera. His songs are so cinematic. I mean on one level there's this stupidity and humour, right, but beneath that there are all [Smith's] psychological obsessions and claustrophobia."[81]
Legacy[link]
The Cure were one of the first alternative bands to have chart and commercial success in an era before alternative rock had broken into the mainstream. In 1992 the NME declared The Cure had during the 1980s become "a goth hit machine (19 to date), an international phenomenon and, yep, the most successful alternative band that ever shuffled disconsolately about the earth".[55] Smith has noted he looks at Cure-influenced bands like Interpol and My Chemical Romance with affection, adding, "I also think [Interpol bassist] Carlos D.'s obsession with Simon Gallup is sweet."[89] Interpol lead singer, Paul Banks was quoted as saying "The Cure is the band that all of us in Interpol can say influenced us. When I was younger I listened to them a lot. Carlos as well. Actually, he took a straight influence from this band on the way he played the bass and the keys. To me, Robert Smith is also one of these examples: you can't be Robert Smith if you're not Robert Smith. It's one of the bands with the deepest influence on Interpol, because we all like them. They're legendary."[90]
Several references to The Cure and their music have been made in popular culture. A number of films have used the title of a Cure song as the film's title, including Boys Don't Cry (1999) and Just Like Heaven (2005). The Cure's gloomy image has been the subject of parody at times. In series two of The Mighty Boosh, The Moon sings 'The Love Cats' over the credits. In the same episode, a powerful gothic hairspray, Goth Juice, is said to be "The most powerful hairspray known to man. Made from the tears of Robert Smith." The Mary Whitehouse Experience often featured brief clips of the stars of the show performing comical songs and nursery rhymes as The Cure in a morose style. Robert Smith appeared in the final episode of the first series of The Mary Whitehouse Experience singing "The sun has got his hat on" before punching the character Ray (played by Robert Newman) whilst uttering Ray's catchphrase "Oh no what a personal disaster". Robert Smith was also portrayed on an episode of South Park (Season 1, Episode 12) where he transforms into the form of Mothra and battles Mecha-Streisand to save the day and Kyle shouts "Disintegration is the best album ever!" In Craig Thompson's graphic novel Blankets the chapter seven is called "Just Like Heaven". The same chapter shows Raina singing some lyrics from this song to Craig.
Discography[link]
Main article: The Cure discography
- Three Imaginary Boys (1979)
- Boys Don't Cry (1980)
- Seventeen Seconds (1980)
- Faith (1981)
- Pornography (1982)
- Japanese Whispers (1983)
- The Top (1984)
- The Head on the Door (1985)
- Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me (1987)
- Disintegration (1989)
- Wish (1992)
- Wild Mood Swings (1996)
- Bloodflowers (2000)
- The Cure (2004)
- 4:13 Dream (2008)
Members[link]
Main article: The Cure personnel
- Current line-up
- Robert Smith – lead vocals, guitars, keyboards (1976–present)
- Simon Gallup – bass guitar, keyboards (1979–1982, 1985–present)
- Roger O'Donnell – keyboards (1987–1990, 1995–2005, 2011–present)
- Jason Cooper – drums, percussion (1995–present)
- Reeves Gabrels – guitars (2012–present)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b John Doran, John (27 October 2008). "The Cure: Selecting The Best For One Side Of A C90". thequietus. http://thequietus.com/articles/00620-the-cure-selecting-the-best-for-one-side-of-a-c90. Retrieved 2-2-2012. "It doesn’t matter if we all die” begins Pornography, The Cure’s gothic piece de resistance - a laudably existential opening salvo on this acid fuelled, sensuous and senseless gape into the void."
- ^ a b Mason, Stewart. "Pornography Review". allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r4928/review. Retrieved 1-2-2012. "one of the key goth rock albums of the '80s"
- ^ McNulty, Bernadette (24 March 2008). "The Cure: Godfather of goth relishes his power". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3672066/The-Cure-Godfather-of-goth-relishes-his-power.html. Retrieved 5-2-2012.
- ^ Lee, Steve (8 July 2004). "Move Day 2: The Cure interview". ManchesterEveningNews.co.uk. http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/entertainment/music/s/123/123396_move_day_2_the_cure_interview.html. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
- ^ a b "I GIVE MYSELF VERY GOOD ADVICE.". thecure.com. http://www.thecure.com/blog/default.aspx?nid=24247. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
- ^ Apter, pg. 26
- ^ Apter, pg. 38
- ^ Apter, pg. 46
- ^ a b Frost, Deborah. "Taking The Cure With Robert". Creem. 1 October 1987.
- ^ Apter, pg. 56–57
- ^ Apter, pg. 62
- ^ Apter, pg. 68
- ^ Hull, Robot A. "The Cure: ...Happily Ever After". Creem. January 1982.
- ^ Thrills, Adrian. "Ain't No Blues for the Summertime Cure". NME. 16 December 1978.
- ^ Apter, pg. 84
- ^ a b c Sweeting, Adam. "The Cure – Curiouser and Curiouser". Spin. July 1987.
- ^ Apter, pg. 105
- ^ Interview of Robert Smith made by Alexis Petridis in 2003. The Siouxsie & The Banshees authorised biography, Mark Paytress, Sanctuary 2003, page 96
- ^ Apter, pg. 106
- ^ Apter, pg. 112
- ^ Apter, pg. 100–101
- ^ Apter, pg. 114
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Roberts, David (ed.). British Hit Singles & Albums. Nineteenth edition. HIT Entertainment, date=2006. Pg. 130. ISBN 1-904994-10-5
- ^ Apter, pg. 117
- ^ Kent, Nick. Seventeen Seconds review. NME. 26 April 1980.
- ^ Gosse, Van. "The Cure Play It Pure". The Village Voice. 21 April 1980.
- ^ Morley, Paul. "Days of Wine and Poses". NME. 12 July 1980.
- ^ Apter, pg. 126
- ^ Apter, pg. 132
- ^ Apter, pg. 136
- ^ Apter, pg. 141
- ^ Reynolds, Simon. Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984. Penguin, 2005. Pg. 358. ISBN 0-14-303672-6
- ^ Apter, pg. 161
- ^ Apter, pg. 158–59
- ^ Apter, pg. 166–67
- ^ Apter, pg. 171
- ^ Sutherland, Steve. "The Incurables". Melody Maker. 18 December 1982.
- ^ Apter, pg. 174
- ^ Apter, pg. 176
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Artist Chart History – The Cure: Albums". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/the-cure/chart-history/4388. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
- ^ Kent, Nick. The Top review. Melody Maker. 5 May 1984.
- ^ Apter, pg. 205
- ^ Apter, pg. 207
- ^ Apter, pg. 208
- ^ Sutherland, Steve. "A Suitable Case for Treatment". Melody Maker. 17 August 1985.
- ^ Apter, pg. 209-10
- ^ Apter, pg. xii–xiii
- ^ Lescharts.com.
- ^ "Gold & Platinum: Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH. Retrieved 19 September 2008. Note: User needs to enter "The Cure" as a search term for the Artist.
- ^ Lescharts.com.
- ^ a b "The Cure > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&searchlink=THE. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
- ^ Apter, pg. 229
- ^ Witter, Simon. "The Cure: The Art of Falling Apart". Sky. June 1989.
- ^ "Chartverfolgung / CURE,THE / Single" (in German). musicline.de. http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/CURE%2CTHE/single. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
- ^ a b Collins, Andrew. "The Mansion Family". NME. 18 April 1992.
- ^ Apter, pg. 238
- ^ Apter, pg. 240
- ^ Brown, James. "Ten Years in Lipstick and Powder". NME. 8 April 1989
- ^ Luke Crampton (1999). "Rock stars encyclopedia". p.268. Retrieved 4 December 2011
- ^ The Brits: The Cure. Brits.co.uk. Retrieved 11 February 2012
- ^ Apter, pg. 252
- ^ "Smith: in his own words". Music Week. 20 November 2004. ISSN 0265-1548. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-125568562/smith-his-own-words.html. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ Apter, pg. 255
- ^ The Cure Rock on the Net. Retrieved 11 February 2012
- ^ Apter, pg. 270
- ^ Apter, pg. 275
- ^ Apter, pg. 281, 284
- ^ Apter, pg. 284
- ^ Hodgkinson, Will (30 May 2003). "Timeless tunesmith". The Guardian (Manchester). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2003/may/30/homeentertainment.features. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ Apter, pg. 295
- ^ The Cure take the icon test BBC. Retrieved 24 December 2011
- ^ MacNeil, Jason (27 May 2005). "Update: Two Members Exit The Cure". Billboard. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231194706/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000938147. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
- ^ "The Cure Announce Return". MTV.co.uk. 13 May 2009. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/the-cure/news/41675-the-cure-announce-return. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ Lindsay, Cam (24 August 2008). "The Cure Postpone Fall Tour". Exclaim.ca. http://exclaim.ca/articles/generalarticlesynopsfullart.aspx?csid1=0&csid2=844&fid1=27383. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ "Shockwaves NME Awards 2009: The Winners". NME. Retrieved on 14 April 2009.
- ^ "With goth on his side". Hot Press. 2011-08-30. http://www.hotpress.com/music/interviews/8208790.html?new_layout=1&page_no=5&show_comments=1. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ "Reflections DVD will be released later this year". Scoop.it. http://www.scoop.it/t/vivid-live-the-cure/p/123175546/reflections-dvd-will-be-released-later-this-year. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ The Cure to perform first three albums live at Royal Albert Hall – ticket details NME. Retrieved 15 November 2011
- ^ The Cure, Guns N' Roses and Red Hot Chili Peppers shortlisted for Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame NME. Retrieved 15 November 2011
- ^ "Smith seeks cure for writers' block". Yahoo.com. 6 December 2006. http://uk.news.launch.yahoo.com/dyna/article.html?a=/06122006/325/smith-seeks-cure-writers-block.html&e=l_news_dm. Retrieved 28 March 2007.
- ^ a b Sandall, Robert. "The Cure: Caught In The Act". Q. May 1989.
- ^ Greenwald, Andy. "The Cure – The Head on the Door". Spin. July 2005.
- ^ Blackwell, Mark; Greer, Jim. "Taking the Cure". Spin. June 1992.
- ^ a b Gore, Joe. "The Cure: Confessions of a Pop Mastermind". Guitar Player. September 1992.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Cure". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:hifpxqe5ld6e~T1. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
- ^ Apter, pg. 241
- ^ Apter, pg. 177–78
- ^ Raggett, Ned. "Staring at the Sea: The Images (review)". Allmusic (AllMusic.com). http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:5zh9kextsq70. Retrieved 5 April 2007.
- ^ Spitz, Marc. "Robert Smith". Spin. November 2005.
- ^ "Paul Banks (Interpol) on The Cure". Blitz Magazine. October 2010.
Sources[link]
- Apter, Jeff. (2006). Never Enough: The Story of the Cure. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-827-1
Further reading[link]
- Ten Imaginary Years, by L. Barbarian, Steve Sutherland and Robert Smith (1988) Zomba Books ISBN 0-946391-87-4
- The Cure: A Visual Documentary, by Dave Thompson and Jo-Ann Greene(1988) Omnibus Press ISBN 0-7119-1387-0
- The Cure: Songwords 1978–1989 S. Hopkins, Robert Smith and T. Foo (1989) Omnibus Press ISBN 0-7119-1951-8
- In Between Days: An Armchair Guide To The Cure by Dave Thompson, Helter Skelter Publishing (October 2005) ISBN 1-905139-00-4
- The Cure – Greatest Hits (songbook containing 20 of their best, transcribed note-for-note with tab, chord symbols and complete lyrics), Hal Leonard Corporation (May 2002) ISBN 0-634-04667-5
- Robert Smith: "The Cure" and Wishful Thinking by Richard Carman (2005) Independent Music Press (UK) ISBN 978-0-9549704-1-3
- Jeremy Wulc : My dream comes true : Carnet de route avec The Cure. (2009) Editions : Camion Blanc
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Cure |
- Official website
- The Cure Records – the most complete discography on the Internet
- The Cure discography at Discogs
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/The_Cure
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/The Cure
http://cs.wn.com/The Cure
http://es.wn.com/The Cure
http://ru.wn.com/The Cure
http://pt.wn.com/The Cure
http://pl.wn.com/The Cure
http://fr.wn.com/The Cure
http://de.wn.com/The Cure
http://nl.wn.com/The Cure
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cure
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Brandon Lee (disambiguation).
| Brandon Lee 李國豪 |
|
|---|---|
| File:Brandon Lee.jpg | |
| Chinese name | 李國豪 (Traditional) |
| Chinese name | 李国豪 (Simplified) |
| Pinyin | Lǐ Guóháo (Mandarin) |
| Jyutping | Lei5 Gwok3 Hou4 (Cantonese) |
| Birth name | Brandon Bruce Lee |
| Ancestry | Shunde, Guangdong, China |
| Born | (1965-02-01)February 1, 1965 Oakland, California, U.S. |
| Died | March 31, 1993(1993-03-31) (aged 28) Wilmington, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Resting place | Seattle, Washington Lakeview Cemetery |
| Years active | 1985–1993 |
| Partner(s) | Eliza Hutton (1990–1993) |
| Parents | Bruce Lee (1940–1973) Linda Lee Cadwell (born 1945) |
Brandon Bruce Lee (February 1, 1965 – March 31, 1993) was an American actor and martial artist. He was the son of martial arts film star Bruce Lee, and the grandson of Cantonese opera singer Lee Hoi-Chuen.[1] After a promising start in action movies and the signing of a multi-film contract with 20th Century Fox, Lee was accidentally shot and killed in North Carolina at the age of 28 while filming The Crow.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Brandon Lee was born in Oakland, California, the son of martial artist and actor Bruce Lee and Linda Emery. A week after his birth, his grandfather Lee Hoi-Chuen died. The family moved to Los Angeles, California when he was three months old. When offers for film roles became limited for his father, he and his family moved back to Hong Kong in 1971.
When Brandon was eight, his father died suddenly from cerebral edema. After his father's death, his family (including his younger sister, Shannon Lee, born April 19, 1969) moved back to the United States. They lived briefly in his mother's hometown of Seattle, Washington, and then in Los Angeles, where Lee grew up in the affluent area of Rolling Hills.
He attended high school at Chadwick School, but was asked to leave for insubordination—more specifically, driving down the school's hill backwards, only three months before graduating. It is not known when exactly, but he did briefly attend Bishop Montgomery High School, located in Torrance. He received his GED in 1983 at the age of 18, and then went to Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts where he majored in theater. After one year, Lee moved to New York City where he took acting lessons at the famed Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute and was part of the American New Theatre group founded by his friend John Lee Hancock. The bulk of Lee's martial arts instruction came from his father's top students, and best friends Dan Inosanto and Richard Bustillo.
Career[link]
Lee returned to Los Angeles in 1985, where he worked for Ruddy Morgan Productions as a script reader. He was asked to audition for a role by casting director Lyn Stalmaster and got his first acting role in Kung Fu: The Movie, a feature-length television movie which was a follow-up to the 1970s television series Kung Fu. The film aired on ABC on February 1, 1986 which was also Lee's 21 birthday. In Kung Fu: The Movie, Lee played Chung Wang, the suspected son of Kwai Chang Caine (David Carradine). Lee's real life father was originally considered to play the leading role in the Kung Fu TV series.
Lee got his first major film role later that year in the Hong Kong action crime thriller Legacy of Rage in which he starred alongside Michael Wong, Regina Kent and Mang Hoi (look like Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars film star Yuen Biao). This film also featured a cameo appearance by Bolo Yeung who appeared in his father's film, Enter the Dragon. The film was made in Cantonese, and directed by Ronny Yu. It was the only film Lee made in Hong Kong. He was also nominated for a Hong Kong Film Award in this role.
In 1987, Lee starred in the unsold television pilot Kung Fu: The Next Generation which aired on the CBS Summer Playhouse and was another follow-up to the Kung Fu TV series. In this film the story moved to the present day, and centered on the story of Johnny Caine (Lee), the great-grandson of Kwai Chang Caine (David Darlow).[2]
In 1988, Lee made a guest appearance alongside Pat Morita in an episode of the short-lived American television series Ohara playing a villainous character named Kenji. In the summer of 1988, Lee also started filming his first English-language B-grade action film, Laser Mission; it was filmed cheaply in South Africa, and was eventually released on the European market in 1990.
In 1991, he starred opposite Dolph Lundgren in the buddy cop action film Showdown in Little Tokyo. This was marked as his first studio film and American film debut. Lee signed a multi-picture deal with 20th Century Fox in 1991. He had his first starring role in the action thriller Rapid Fire in 1992, and was scheduled to do two more films for them. In August of that year, Bruce Lee biographer John Little asked Brandon Lee what his philosophy in life was, and he replied, "Eat—or die!"[3] Brandon later spoke of the martial arts and self-knowledge:
Well, I would say this: when you move down the road towards mastery of the martial arts—and you know, you are constantly moving down that road—you end up coming up against these barriers inside yourself that will attempt to stop you from continuing to pursue the mastery of the martial arts. And these barriers are such things as when you come up against your own limitations, when you come up against the limitations of your will, your ability, your natural ability, your courage, how you deal with success—and failure as well, for that matter. And as you overcome each one of these barriers, you end up learning something about yourself. And sometimes, the things you learn about yourself can, to the individual, seem to convey a certain spiritual sense along with them....It's funny, every time you come up against a true barrier to your progress, you are a child again. And it's a very interesting experience to be reduced, once again, to the level of knowing nothing about what you're doing. I think there's a lot of room for learning and growth when that happens—if you face it head on and don't choose to say, "Ah, screw that! I'm going to do something else!"
We reduce ourselves at a certain point in our lives to kind of solely pursuing things that we already know how to do. You know, because you don't want to have that experience of not knowing what you're doing and being an amateur again. And I think that's rather unfortunate. It's so much more interesting and usually illuminating to put yourself in a situation where you don't know what's going to happen, than to do something again that you already know essentially what the outcome will be within three or four points either way.[4]
In 1992, Lee landed the lead role of Eric Draven, in the movie adaptation of The Crow, a popular underground comic book. About his character, an undead rock musician avenging his murder and that of his fiancée, Lee said, "He has something he has to do and he is forced to put aside his own pain long enough to go do it". It was Lee's last film. Filming began on February 1, 1993, which was his 28th birthday.
Personal life[link]
In 1990, Lee met Dianne Eliza "Lisa" Hutton at director Renny Harlin's office, located at the headquarters of 20th Century Fox. Hutton was working as a personal assistant to Harlin, and later became a story editor for Stillwater Productions, in 1991. Lee and Hutton moved in together in early 1991 and became engaged in October 1992.
They were due to be married in Ensenada, Mexico on April 17, 1993, a week after Lee was to complete filming on The Crow. At the time of Lee's death, Hutton was working as a casting assistant and was on set of The Crow so much that she was later credited with being Lee's on-set assistant. After his death, Hutton petitioned to have gun safety regulations tightened on film sets. The Crow is dedicated to the couple.
Death[link]
 |
This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (April 2012) |
Brandon Lee died of a fatal gunshot wound on March 31, 1993 after an accidental shooting on set of The Crow where a blank bullet was used during a scene, which fired a fragment of a real bullet that was lodged in the barrel. Lee was rushed to the New Hanover Regional Medical Center in Wilmington, NC where 6 hours of operation were attempted. However, attempts to save him were unsuccessful, and Lee was pronounced dead at 1:04 pm on March 31, 1993 at 28 years old. The shooting was ruled an accident.
In the scene in which Lee was shot, Lee’s character walks into his apartment and discovers his fiancée being beaten and raped by thugs. Actor Michael Massee's character fires a revolver at Lee as he walks into the room. [5] Proper blank cartridges were used during the fatal scene, however due to a mix up during earlier filming of gun close ups, a bullet had become lodged in the barrel of the revolver without anyone noticing. In the fatal scene the explosive charge of the blank propelled the bullet lodged in the barrel as if the gun had been loaded with a live round, resulting in the fatal accident. [6]
Lee's body was flown to Jacksonville, North Carolina, where an autopsy was performed. He was then flown to Seattle, Washington, where he was buried next to his father at Lakeview Cemetery, Seattle[7] in a plot that Linda Lee Cadwell had originally reserved for herself. A private funeral took place in Seattle on April 3, 1993. Only close family and friends were permitted to attend, including Lee's immediate family as well as fiancée Eliza Hutton's parents and younger sister, who flew in from Missouri. The following day, 250 of Lee's family, friends and business associates attended a memorial service in Los Angeles, held at the house of actress Polly Bergen.
The gravestone, designed by North Snohomish County sculptor Kirk McLean, is a tribute to Lee and Hutton. Its two twisting rectangles of charcoal granite join at the bottom and pull apart at the top. "It represents Eliza and Brandon, the two of them, and how the tragedy of his death separated their mortal life together", said his mother, Linda Lee Cadwell, who described her son, like his father before him, as a poetic, romantic person.[8]
Legacy[link]
After Lee's death, his fiancée Eliza Hutton and his mother supported director Alex Proyas' decision to complete The Crow. At the time of Lee's death, only eight days were left before completion of the movie. A majority of the film had already been completed with Lee and only a few scenes remained to be done. To complete the film, stunt double Chad Stahelski, who was a friend of Lee's at Inosanto Academy, served as a stand-in; special effects were used to give him Lee's face. Another stunt double named Jeff Cadiente was also used to complete the movie.
The Crow was released in May 1994 and became a box office hit, grossing over $50 million in the U.S., and retaining a loyal cult following many years after its release. The film is dedicated to Brandon and Eliza.
In an interview just prior to his death, Lee quoted a passage from Paul Bowles' book The Sheltering Sky that he had chosen for his wedding invitations; it is now inscribed on his tombstone:
Because we don't know when we will die, we get to think of life as an inexhaustible well. And yet everything happens only a certain number of times, and a very small number really. How many more times will you remember a certain afternoon of your childhood, an afternoon that is so deeply a part of your being that you can't even conceive of your life without it? Perhaps four, or five times more? Perhaps not even that. How many more times will you watch the full moon rise? Perhaps twenty. And yet it all seems limitless...
The quotation is not attributed to Bowles on his tombstone. The interview can be seen on VHS, DVD and Blu-ray releases of The Crow.
At the time of his death, his father's biopic Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story was ready for release. The film was released two months after Lee's death, with a dedication to his memory in the end credits. In the film, his father was portrayed by actor Jason Scott Lee (no relation).[9]
Seven years after Lee's death, a direct-to-video Swedish film titled Sex, Lögner & Videovåld (Sex, Lies & Video Violence) was released in which Lee had a very brief cameo appearance. Lee had filmed his cameo appearance in 1992 at the time he was promoting Rapid Fire in Sweden, but the film was delayed for seven years before finally being released in 2000. It, too, was dedicated to Lee during the end credits.
In 2003, Lee's fiancée Hutton married and now resides in Los Angeles, after years of working with a nonprofit organization for abused and neglected children.
Filmography[link]
| Film | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1985 | Crime Killer | Gangster | Uncredited |
| 1986 | Legacy of Rage | Brandon Ma | Alternative title: Long Zai jiang hu |
| 1990 | Laser Mission | Michael Gold | Alternative title: Soldier of Fortune |
| 1991 | Showdown in Little Tokyo | Johnny Murata | |
| 1992 | Rapid Fire | Jake Lo | |
| 1992 | Sex, Lies and Video Violence | Cameo | Not released until 2000. |
| 1994 | The Crow | Eric Draven | Shot and killed as a result of negligence during filming. |
| Television | |||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1986 | Kung Fu: The Movie | Chung Wang | Television movie |
| 1987 | Kung Fu: The Next Generation | Johnny Caine | Television Pilot. Aired on CBS Summer Playhouse |
| 1988 | Ohara | Kenji | Episode: "What's in a Name?" |
References[link]
- ^ "Brandon Lee follows father's footsteps". Baltimore Sun. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-08-25/features/1992238069_1_brandon-lee-bruce-lee-lee-son. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
- ^ Coleman, Jim (April 1, 1986). "Bruce Lee's Son Speaks Out". Black Belt 24 (4): 20–24, 104.
- ^ Little, John (1996). The Warrior Within - The philosophies of Bruce Lee to better understand the world around you and achieve a rewarding life. Contemporary Books. pp. 129. ISBN 0-8092-3194-8.
- ^ Little, John (1996). The Warrior Within - The philosophies of Bruce Lee to better understand the world around you and achieve a rewarding life. Contemporary Books. pp. 150. ISBN 0-8092-3194-8.
- ^ Welkos, Robert W. (April 1, 1993). "Bruce Lee's Son, Brandon, Killed in Movie Accident". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1993-04-01/news/mn-17681_1_brandon-lee. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ^ Harris, Mark (April 16, 1993). "The Brief Life and Unnecessary Death of Brandon Lee". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306206,00.html. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ^ Lakeview Cemetery website. Search for Lee. Only use last name.
- ^ "New Gravestone Marks Brandon Lee's Final Rest", By M.L. LYKE Seattle P-I Reporter - June 1, 1995
- ^ Higgins, Bill (April 30, 1993). "A Film Premiere Tempered by Loss : Memories: Brandon Lee's death made the opening of Bruce Lee's bio a poignant event. But the elder Lee's widow said it was a tribute to both.". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1993-04-30/news/vw-29353_1_bruce-lee-s-bio. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
Further reading[link]
- Baiss, Bridget. The Crow: The Story Behind The Film. London: Making of The Crow Inc, 2000. ISBN 1-870048-54-7.
- Dyson, Cindy. They Died Too Young: Brandon Lee. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2001. ISBN 0-7910-5858-1.
- Pilato, Herbie J. The Kung Fu Book of Caine: The Complete Guide to TV's First Mystical Eastern Western. Boston: Charles A. Tuttle, 1993. ISBN 0-8048-1826-6.
- Brandon Lee on the Tonight Show
External links[link]
- Brandon Lee Movement tribute site
- Brandon Lee at the Internet Movie Database
- Brandon Lee at the Open Directory Project
- }
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lee, Brandon |
| Alternative names | Lee, Brandon Bruce |
| Short description | Actor |
| Date of birth | February 1, 1965 |
| Place of birth | Oakland, California, United States |
| Date of death | March 31, 1993, |
| Place of death | Wilmington, North Carolina, United States |
http://wn.com/Brandon_Lee
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://cs.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://id.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://es.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://ru.wn.com/Ли, Брэндон
http://nl.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://pt.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://pl.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://fr.wn.com/Brandon Lee
http://de.wn.com/Brandon Lee
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Lee
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Dame Rachel Eleanor Crowdy, DBE (3 March 1884, Paddington - 10 October 1964, Outwood, Surrey) was an English nurse and social reformer.[1] She was Principal Commandant of Voluntary Aid Detachments in France and Belgium from 1914 to 1919 and Chief of the Department of Opium Traffic and Social Issues Section of the League of Nations from 1919 to 1931.[2] She was also an active member of the British National Committee for the Suppression of the White Slave Trade.[3]
Life[link]
The daughter of James Crowdy, Rachel Crowdy was educated at Hyde Park New College before training as a nurse at Guy's Hospital. She met Katharine Furse in 1911, volunteering to serve as a Red Cross nurse in case of invasion. At the outset of World War I Furse and Crowdy travelled abroad to discover what was being done for the wounded, their investigation resulting in the establishment of rest stations. Crowdy was appointed Principal Commandant of V.A.D.s in 1914. She was named Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1919.[2]
From 1919 to 1931 Crowdy was Head of the Social Questions and Opium Traffic Section of the League of Nations, making her the only woman to be head of an administrative section of the League.[2] In 1920-21 she accompanied the International Typhus Commission to Poland at the height of the post-war epidemic there. On her retirement from the League, she was guest of honour at a dinner for six hundred women at the Café Royal.[2]
in 1931 Crowdy was a member of the British delegation to the Institute of Pacific Relations conference at Shanghai.[1] She sat on the 1935-36 Royal Commission on the Private Manufacture of Armaments, visited the Spanish Civil War in 1937 with the Parliamentary Commission in 1937, and sat on the 1938-39 Royal Commission on the West Indies.[2] In 1939 Rachel Crowdy married Colonel Cudbert John Massy Thornhill, CMG, DSO (4 October 1883 - 1952),[4] a British Officer of the Indian Army and of The Secret Intelligence Service (MI-6).[5] In World War II she acted as Regions Advisor to the Ministry of Information, reporting on bomb damage in British cities.
Dame Rachel Crowdy died at her home in Outwood, Surrey on 10 October 1964.
References[link]
- ^ a b Alice Prochaska, ‘Crowdy, Dame Rachel Eleanor (1884–1964)’, rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 ;online edn, Oct 2008, accessed 7 Nov 2010
- ^ a b c d e 'Dame Rachel Crowdy', The Times, 12 October 1964, p.12
- ^ Papers of the International Bureau for the Suppression of Traffic in Persons: British National Committee for the Suppression of the White Slave Trade at the Women's Library
- ^ Portraits of Cudbert John Massy Thornhill (1883–1952), Colonel at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- ^ 6 Lt Infantry per Indian Army Quarterly List for 1 January 1912. His name has sometimes been misspelled as Cudbert John Massey Thornhill: London Gazette supplement, 10 October 1918 regarding Cudbert Thornhill, DSO, Indian Army
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Crowdy, Rachel |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 3 March 1884 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | 10 October 1964 |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Rachel_Crowdy
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Crowdy
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
