Kepulauan Seribu Thousand Islands
—  Regency  —
The archipelago of Kepulauan Seribu focusing on the connected islands of Pulau Kelapa and Pulau Harapan in the center of the picture.
Coordinates: 5°36′S 106°33′E / 5.6°S 106.55°E / -5.6; 106.55Coordinates: 5°36′S 106°33′E / 5.6°S 106.55°E / -5.6; 106.55
Country	Indonesia
Province	Jakarta
Capital	Pramuka Island
Government
• Bupati (Regent)	Drs. Burhanuddin, MM
Area
• Total	8.7 km2 (3.4 sq mi)
Population
• Total	21,071
• Density	2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)

The Thousand Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Seribu) are a chain of islands to the north of Jakarta's coast. It forms the only regency of Jakarta, Indonesia. It consists of a string of 110 islands^[1] stretching 45 kilometers north into the Java Sea.

A decree^[2] states that 36 islands may be used for recreation. Of these 36 islands, only 13 islands are fully developed: 11 islands are homes to resorts island and two islands are historic parks. Twenty-three islands are privately owned and are not open to the public.^[3] The rest of the islands are either uninhabited or support a fishing village.^[3]

History[link]

The modern history of the Kepulauan Seribu chain of islands begins with its role in the defenses of the city of Batavia for the VOC and the Dutch colonial empire. Since the establishment of Batavia in 1610, Onrust island has been a naval base.

After the VOC failed to obtain control of trade at Banten in 1610, the Dutch obtained permission from Prince Jayakarta to build a dock at one of the islands in Jakarta Bay as a place to repair and equip ships sailing to Asia, particularly South East Asia. The island Prince Jayakarta assigned to the VOC was Onrust Island, a 12 hectare island 14 km from Jakarta.

Map of Onrust Island (1650)

In 1615 the VOC built a shipyard and a small storage house on the island, which Jan Pieterszoon Coen hoped would eventually develop into a trade and defence base against threats from Banten and England (1618). The VOC constructed a small rectangular fort with two bastions in 1656; the bastions protruded from the fort and were used as look-out posts.^[4] The Dutch enlarged the fort in 1671 and gave it an asymetrical pentagonal shape with a bastion in each corner. The whole structure was made of red bricks and coral. In 1674 additional storage buildings were built.^[4]

Onrust Island in 1699.

In 1795, the position of the Dutch in Batavia became quite uncertain due to the war in Europe, and the situation became worse with the appearance in 1800 of a British naval squadron under the command of Captain Henry Lidgbird Ball of HMS Daedalus. Daedalus, HMS Sybille, HMS Centurion and HMS Braave entered the area, which they referred to as Batavia Roads. They seized five Dutch armed vessels and destroyed 22 other vessels. Onrust island was under siege by the British and eventually destroyed.

After the British departed, the Dutch rebuilt the buildings and facilities, completing the work in 1806. However, a second British attack, led by Admiral Edward Pellew, again destroyed the fort. When the British occupied Batavia in 1810, they repaired the buildings in Onrust island until prior to their leaving Indonesia in 1816.^[4]

Onrust island again received attention in 1827 during the period of Governor General G.A.Baron Van Der Capellen and activities in the island were normal again in 1848. In 1856 a floating shipyard was built. However, the construction of Tanjung Priok harbour in 1883 resulted in a decline in the role and significance of Onrust island.^[4]

The island Onrust and Kuyper as a quarantine place for Hajj pilgrims in 1925.

In 1911-1933, Onrust island became a quarantine station for pilgrims returning from the Hajj. A barrack was built in 1911 that contained 35 units for about 100 pilgrims.^[5]. From 1933 until 1940, the Dutch used Onrust to hold the mutineers involved in the Incident of the Seven Ships (Zeven Provincien). In 1940, the Dutch used it to hold Germans, such as Steinfurt, who was the Chief Administrator of Onrust Island. After the Japanese invaded Indonesia in 1942, the role of Onrust island declined again and it became a prison for serious criminals.^[4]

After Indonesia proclaimed her independence, the island became a leprosarium under the control of the Indonesia Ministry of Health, until 1960. The leprosarium then relocated to Post VII at Tanjung Priok harbour.

After a coup by General Suharto, Chris Soumokil, who had proclaimed a Republic of South Moluccas with himself as president, was arrested and held at Onrust. Later he was executed there on 21 April 1966, by order of President Suharto.^[6][7]

In 1972 Ali Sadikin, then governor of Jakarta, declared Onrust Island a protected historical site. In 2002 the administration made Onrust and its three neighbors - the islands of Cipir, Kelor and Bidadari - an archaeological park to protect the artifacts and ruins on the islands that date back to the time of the Dutch East India Company.

Ecology[link]

Coral reefs in Kepulauan Seribu

An area of 107,489 hectares of land and sea was declared by the Minister of Agriculture in 1982 and designated by a Forestry Ministrial Decree in 2002 as the Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu (Thousand Islands Marine National Park). Public access is prohibited on two of the islands, Panjaliran Barat and Panjaliran Timur, where sea turtles are conserved.^[8][9]

The Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park is located 45 km north of Jakarta. It is mostly located on the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara (the northern part of Kepulauan Seribu island chain). The complex contains 342 reef platforms, with 110 formes an island larger than half an acre. There may be as many as 700 individual reefs in the complex.^[10]

In general, the plants that grow in the Park are dominated by coastal species like coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), pandan (Pandanus sp.), cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia), cangkudu (Morinda citrifolia), butun (Barringtonia asiatica), mangroves (Bruguiera sp.), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), ketapang (Terminalia catappa), and kecundang (Cerbera odollam).^[9]

Sea vegetation commonly found in the Park consists of seaweed divisions like Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta as well as classes of sea grasses like Halimeda sp., Padina sp., Thalassia sp., Sargassum sp., and Caulerpa sp.^[9]

The dominant animals in the Park include 54 sea biota species which form part of the coral reef ecosystem, 144 species of fish, 2 species of giant clam, 6 species of sea grass, sea worms of various colours and 17 species of coastal bird.^[9]

This Park forms a hatching site for hawksbill sea turtle, and green sea turtle. The hawksbill turtle is an endangered species and is rarely found in other waters. These turtles are bred on Pramuka Island. This activity is aimed at recovering the turtle population, which had almost reached extinction. Breeding activities include egg hatching in a semi-natural way and caring for the baby turtles till they are ready to be released into their natural habitat.^[9]

Most coastal areas of this Park are surrounded by mangrove forest, where iguanas, golden ring snakes and reticulated pythons can be found.^[9]

Islands and administrative divisions[link]

Kepulauan Seribu Regency contains 110 islands and is divided into two subdistricts or kecamatan: the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan, or South Thousand Islands, and the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara, or North Thousand Islands. Each kecamatan in turn is divided into three kelurahan.

Below are the complete list of the islands in Pulau Seribu:^[11]

Kecamatan Kepulauan Seribu Selatan (South Thousand Islands)[link]

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan is the closest subdistrict to the coast of Jakarta. Being relatively closer to the coast of Jakarta, the waters around the islands suffer from the pollution coming from the Jakarta Bay. The pollution is the result of the poor living condition of the majority of people living along the bay, as well as nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff, industrial pollution, and wastewater.

Kepulauan Seribu Selatan contains the historic Onrust Island Archeology Park.

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan can be divided into three Kelurahan: Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa, Kelurahan Pulau Pari, and Kelurahan Pulau Tidung. Pulau Untung Jawa Kelurahan contains 15 islands, Pulau Tidung Kelurahan contains six islands, and Pulau Pari Kelurahan contains ten islands.

Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa[link]

The Kelurahan (Administrative Village) of Pulau Untung Jawa (postal code 14510) is the closest kelurahan to the coast of Jakarta. Officially, there are 15 islands in the administrative village. The administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa contains more archaeological artifacts than the rest of the Kepulauan Seribu's islands as it is located closer to Jakarta, being a strategic location for military defenses as well as transit points for the Dutch colony.

Some islands has been gradually eroded by the sea water, due to dredging of the surrounding reef.^[12] Names in italic are not considered islands anymore.

Island	Location	Remarks	Image
Air Besar / Ayer Besar	6°00′15″S 106°46′53″E / 6.004167°S 106.781389°E / -6.004167; 106.781389	Also known as Ayer, it is privately developed as a resort. [3][13]
Bidadari / Sakit	6°02′09″S 106°44′48″E / 6.035949°S 106.746796°E / -6.035949; 106.746796	"Heavenly nymph". The Dutch named the island Purmerend after the Dutch town. In 1850 the Dutch built a Martello tower here as part of a set of fortifications that protected the approaches to Batavia. The tower was operational until 1878, when it became a storage site. It too was badly damaged by the Krakatoa explosion and was abandoned in 1908. All that remains now is the base up to a meter or two above ground. Bidadari was also known as Pulau Sakit (Sick Island) as it housed a leper colony during the 17th century. More recently, the island came to be called "Angel Island", to honor the leprosarium that had been there. Bidadari is a privately developed resort island with some facilities for archaeological tourism.[3][13]
Bokor	5°56′37″S 106°37′51″E / 5.943611°S 106.630833°E / -5.943611; 106.630833	Bokor Island is the westernmost island of the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa. There has been different versions whether the island belongs to the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa or the administrative village of Pulau Pari. The island is a wildlife reserve protecting a variety of birds.[14]
Cipir / Kahyangan	6°02′22″S 106°44′09″E / 6.039444°S 106.735833°E / -6.039444; 106.735833	The Dutch originally named this island de Kuyper Eiland; The British called it Kuyper's or Cooper's Island. During the Dutch colonial era, a shipyard was established in the island. In the early 20th Century a narrow, floating bridge linked Cipir and Onrust islands. At the time, it too functioned as a quarantine station for the hajj pilgrim. The island contains some ruins from the Dutch colonial era.
Damar Besar / Edam / Damar Tengah	5°57′26″S 106°50′40″E / 5.957222°S 106.844444°E / -5.957222; 106.844444	Formerly known as Edam, after a Dutch town. The island contains a 65 meter lighthouse, built in 1879, known as Vast Licht. It is still used for sea traffic.
Damar Kecil / Monyet / Wanara	5°59′01″S 106°50′50″E / 5.983611°S 106.847222°E / -5.983611; 106.847222	Formerly known as Alkmaar, after a Dutch town. The island is a post for the Indonesian Navy.
Dapur	5°55′00″S 106°43′00″E / 5.916667°S 106.716667°E / -5.916667; 106.716667	Dapur ("kitchen") Island is the northernmost island in the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa. It is a low brush-covered islet.
Karang Air Kecil / Ayer Kecil / Nusi	5°59′00″S 106°46′00″E / 5.983333°S 106.766667°E / -5.983333; 106.766667	Coral reefs were removed at Air Kecil and as a result of subsequent erosion, the island has now disappeared.[15][12]
Karang Ayer Sedang	5°58′43″S 106°44′56″E / 5.978680°S 106.748882°E / -5.978680; 106.748882	This reef is located between the islands of Ayer Besar and Untung Jawa.
Karang Pasir		Karang Pasir is the southernmost reef in the administrative village. It contains no island.
Kelor	6°01′33″S 106°44′43″E / 6.025746°S 106.745393°E / -6.025746; 106.745393	The Dutch first referred to this island as Engelse (English) Onrust and started to use it as a cemetery. It then became known as Kerkhof eiland (Cemetery island) and eventually Kelor. The island contains a circular tower-like structure, often referred to as Martello tower, though it is not one.
Nyamuk Besar / Nirwana	6°01′52″S 106°50′53″E / 6.031111°S 106.848056°E / -6.031111; 106.848056	Nirwana ("heaven, paradise") Island is the easternmost island of Kepulauan Seribu Regency. Abrasion has caused the island to disappear gradually.[15]
Nyamuk Kecil / Talak	6°00′24″S 106°49′47″E / 6.006667°S 106.829722°E / -6.006667; 106.829722	Abrasion has caused the island to disappear.[15]
Onrust / Undrus / Kapal	6°02′00″S 106°44′05″E / 6.033333°S 106.734722°E / -6.033333; 106.734722	The island Onrust is named after the Dutch Onrust, or "unrest". The island is also known as Pulau Kapal (Ship Island) or Pulau Damar Besar. Onrust was the site of a major shipyard and five-sided fort that had belonged to the by then defunct Dutch East India Company. The Dutch had to rebuild the naval base on Onrust several times due to British attacks, such as the one in 1800. The last restoration was in 1840. In 1883 the explosion of Krakatoa sent a huge tidal wave that destroyed the last Dutch naval base on the island. During the 19th Century Onrust held a sanitorium for people suffering from tuberculosis and a quarantine station for pilgrims returning from the Hajj to Mecca.[Note 1] The quarantine barracks took up some two-thirds of the island and could hold 3,500 pilgrims. Over the years erosion reduced Onrust from its original 12 hectares to 7.5 hectares (2002). The administration then built concrete retaining walls around the island but these are now in a dilapidated state.
Rambut	5°58′26″S 106°41′32″E / 5.973889°S 106.692222°E / -5.973889; 106.692222	Formerly Middleburgh Eiland. Rambut ("hair") Island is located 800 meter to the west of Untung Jawa Island. During the Dutch colonial era, the island was used as a military defense point. The Island contains the remain of a sunken dock. In 1999, a wildlife reserve was established in the island. The idea was based on an idea by the Director of Botanical Garden of Bogor during the governance of the Dutch Indies.[16]. The island contains a watchtower for birdwatching.
Ubi Besar	6°00′02″S 106°44′27″E / 6.000556°S 106.740833°E / -6.000556; 106.740833	formerly called Rotterdam after a Dutch city. Ubi Besar Island is eroding rapidly as the reef around it is dredged. The island has now been submerged.[15][12]
Ubi Kecil	6°00′24″S 106°42′52″E / 6.006667°S 106.714444°E / -6.006667; 106.714444	formerly called Schiedam after a Dutch city. Coral reefs were removed at Ubi Kecil Islands, and as a result of subsequent erosion, the island have now disappeared.[15][12]
Untung Jawa	5°58′39″S 106°42′25″E / 5.977488°S 106.706941°E / -5.977488; 106.706941	formerly named Amsterdam after a Dutch city, Untung Jawa is the capital of Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa. The island is located 800 meter to the east of Rambut Island. The island contains a settlement and mangrove forest.

Kelurahan Pulau Pari[link]

The Kelurahan (Administrative Village) of Pulau Pari (postal code 14520) mainly consists of archipelago of islands around the reef of Pari Island. The boundary of the administrative village is everything to the east of an imaginary line which run north to south between Karang Beras Island (the easternmost island of the Pulau Tidung administrative village) and Gundul Island (the westernmost island of the Pulau Pari administrative village in the official map, but in reality there is no island in the coordinates). Officially, there are ten islands in the administrative village.

The administrative center of Pulau Pari administrative village is located in Pari Island, which is located in an extensive reef system which also contains the islands of Biawak, Kongsi, Tikus, Burung, and several others.

Kelurahan Pulau Tidung[link]

The Kelurahan (Administrative Village) of Pulau Tidung (postal code 14520) consists of seven islands. Officially it is listed as having six islands, in which Karang Beras Kecil Island is not included.

Island	Location	Remarks	Image
Karang Beras	5°46′15″S 106°33′36″E / 5.770817°S 106.560084°E / -5.770817; 106.560084	Karang Beras Island is the northernmost island in the administrative village of Pulau Tidung. It is the largest island to sit within its own reef, which also contains the Karang Beras Kecil island. The island is used for recreation and contains cottages.
Karang Beras Kecil	5°46′11″S 106°33′14″E / 5.769722°S 106.553889°E / -5.769722; 106.553889	The island is located to the west of Karang Beras. It sits on the same reef as Karang Beras Island. The island is elongated in shape and covered in tall trees.
Karang Besar	5°53′00″S 106°28′00″E / 5.883333°S 106.466667°E / -5.883333; 106.466667[18]	Formerly known as Struisvogel Klipper, Karang Besar ("big reef") Island is a group of six small coral reefs.
Karang Laut		Karang Laut ("sea reef") Island is located 3.2 km to the west of Karang Besar.
Karang Purak
Laki	5°57′27″S 106°31′17″E / 5.957500°S 106.521389°E / -5.957500; 106.521389	Laki Island is the southernmost island in the administrative village of Pulau Tidung. It is located approximately six kilometers from the mainland of Java. The island was formerly developed as a resort, but it is now unoperational.[3][13]
Payung Besar / Pajung Besar	5°49′18″S 106°33′15″E / 5.821667°S 106.554167°E / -5.821667; 106.554167	Payung Besar ("big umbrella") Island is a teardrop-shaped island located to the southeast of the Tidung Island reef system, but has its own reef system. Payung Besar Island contains a 350 meter wooden pier, a 15 meter high white metal framework lighthouse (constructed in 1890),[18] [19] and a small settlement.
Payung Kecil / Pajung Kecil	5°48′51″S 106°32′56″E / 5.814167°S 106.548889°E / -5.814167; 106.548889	Payung Kecil ("little umbrella") Island is a small island located 600 meter north of Payung Besar Island. It lies on a reef detached from Payung Besar Island.[18] This small island (0.46 hectares) is treeless and sandy. It contains two cottages used for managing aquaculture.[20]
Tidung Besar	5°47′56″S 106°30′00″E / 5.798889°S 106.500000°E / -5.798889; 106.500000	Capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung. At 50.13 ha, Tidung Besar is the largest island in the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung and the largest island in Kepulauan Seribu. Tidung Besar sits within its own reef system, which also contains Tidung Kecil. Tidung Besar is elongated in shape, measuring 3.8 km from west to east and 300 meters from north to south. The current settlement in Pulau Tidung was established during the 1920s. Tidung Besar is connected to Tidung Kecil via a 630 meter long wooden bridge. Tidung Besar contains the burial place of Raja Pandita, also known as Muhammad Kaca, a leader of the tribe of Tidung from Kalimantan Timur, who rejected Dutch imperialism. He was exiled to Tidung Besar Island in 1892 and died there in 1898. The tomb of Raja Pandita and his family was rediscovered on February 2011. The tomb was moved to a new location, the removal being conducted in accordance with the traditional rites of the Tidung tribe. On 3 July 3 2011, the Regent of Kepulauan Seribu officially proclaimed the tomb complex of Raja Pandita as a cultural heritage site.[21]
Tidung Kecil	5°48′12″S 106°31′24″E / 5.803333°S 106.523333°E / -5.803333; 106.523333	Privately owned. The island is connected to Tidung Besar via a 630 meter long wooden bridge called Jembatan Cinta ("Love Bridge"). [3]

Kecamatan Kepulauan Seribu Utara (North Thousand Islands)[link]

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara ("North Thousand Islands") is located further north from Jakarta. The sea water is relatively cleaner than the Subdistrict of South Thousand Islands because of its location further away from the Bay of Jakarta. The cleaner water is able to sustain more varieties of marine life.

On January 1, 1982, some of the islands in the Kecamatan of North Thousand Islands are declared a Marine National Park under the name Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu or "Thousand Islands Marine National National Park".^[22]

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara is divided into three Kelurahan (Administrative villages): Kelurahan Pulau Panggang, Kelurahan Pulau Kelapa, and Kelurahan Pulau Harapan.

Kelurahan Pulau Panggang[link]

The Kelurahan (Administrative Village) of Pulau Panggang (postal code 14530) makes up the southern part of the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara. Officially, the Kelurahan contains 13 islands.

Pulau Panggang was officially inaugurated as the administrative center of the Kelurahan Pulau Panggang in August 1986, and in July 27, 2000 when Kepulauan Seribu was elevated from a Subdistrict (Kecamatan) into a Regency (Kabupaten). Pulau Pramuka, the administrative center of Kepulauan Seribu Regency, is located in the Kelurahan of Pulau Panggang.^[23]

Names in italic are not considered an island.

Island	Location	Remarks	Image
Air	5°45′54″S 106°34′58″E / 5.765007°S 106.582814°E / -5.765007; 106.582814	Air Island is the southernmost island of in the Pulau Panggang administrative village. The island - or more appropriately islands - sits on its own reef. The islands within the reef are separated by channels created by dredging the bottom part of the reef. Some map listed Gosong Air (Air sand bar) within the eastern part of the reef. The island is used for recreation and contains cottages.
Gosong Air		Gosong Air is a treeless sand bar located on the east side of the reef which also makes up the island of Air.
Gosong Pandan, Pandan	5°42′40″S 106°33′57″E / 5.711111°S 106.565833°E / -5.711111; 106.565833	Pandan Island is located 1 kilometer to the west of Karang Congkak Island. This small island sits on its own reef.
Karang Balik
Karang Bongkok	5°41′05″S 106°33′44″E / 5.684722°S 106.562222°E / -5.684722; 106.562222	This small elongated island is the only island on its own reef system which extends much larger than the island itself. The island is allocated for reforestation.
Karang Congkak / Gosong Congkak	5°42′31″S 106°34′34″E / 5.708611°S 106.576111°E / -5.708611; 106.576111	This small elongated island is allocated for reforestation. It is the only island in its reef system, which extends much larger than the island itself.
Karang Lebar
Karya	5°44′07″S 106°36′03″E / 5.735246°S 106.600863°E / -5.735246; 106.600863	Karya island is located about 500 meter north of Panggang Island in its own reef. The island contains two administrative offices of the Regency of Kepulauan Seribu, one of them is the police headquarter of the Kepulauan Seribu. The shallow water of the Pulau Karya's reef is used as milkfish aquaculture. [23]
Kotok Besar	5°42′02″S 106°32′20″E / 5.700556°S 106.538889°E / -5.700556; 106.538889	Developed as a resort, the island contains three wooden piers and a small harbor.[3][13]
Kotok Kecil	5°42′00″S 106°42′00″E / 5.700000°S 106.700000°E / -5.700000; 106.700000	Kotok Kecil Island is the westernmost island in the Pulau Panggang administrative village. The island is located to the north of Kotok Besar and sits on its own reef. It contains a small pier.
Layar	5°44′02″S 106°33′50″E / 5.733897°S 106.563833°E / -5.733897; 106.563833	A small sand bar which lies 870 meter to the west of Semak Daun Island. This sand bar sits on its own reef.
Opak Kecil	5°40′43″S 106°35′16″E / 5.678611°S 106.587778°E / -5.678611; 106.587778	Opak Kecil Island is the northernmost island of Pulau Panggang administrative village. The island is located to the east of Karang Bongkok Island and sits on its own reef system. The island reportedly can be distinguished because it contains two trees with fan-shaped tops.[18]
Panggang	5°44′19″S 106°36′04″E / 5.738720°S 106.601189°E / -5.738720; 106.601189	Panggang Island is the capital of Kelurahan Pulau Panggang. The island is densely populated with fishing villages, extremely packed that the residences extend to the sea. The building is much less developed and less facilitated as opposed to Pramuka Island.[23]
Peniki / Paniki	5°41′40″S 106°42′44″E / 5.694444°S 106.712222°E / -5.694444; 106.712222	Peniki Island is relatively isolated from the other islands of the Pulau Panggang Administrative Village. It is located around 11 kilometer east of the archipelago that forms most of the Northern Thousand Island Subdistrict.
Pramuka / Lang	5°44′45″S 106°36′51″E / 5.745886°S 106.614065°E / -5.745886; 106.614065	Pramuka ("scout") Island is the capital of the Regency of Kepulauan Seribu. Pramuka Island contains a settlement that includes schools, a mosque, a hospital, a port, fish auctioning center, and lodging for travelers.[24]
Sekat / Sekati	5°45′35″S 106°36′28″E / 5.759811°S 106.607763°E / -5.759811; 106.607763	Sekati Island is located to the east of Air Island. The island contains a wooden pier and some cottages.
Semak Daun	5°43′48″S 106°34′16″E / 5.729956°S 106.571049°E / -5.729956; 106.571049	Semak Daun Island is a conservation island which contains an aquaculture. This small island (0.75 ha) sits on its own reef that a much larger area (750 ha) than Semak Daun Island itself, which is the only island in the reef.[23]

Kelurahan Pulau Kelapa[link]

The Kelurahan (Administrative Village) of Pulau Kelapa (postal code 14540) makes up the western part of the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara. Officially, the Kelurahan of Pulau Kelapa contains 36 islands.

Kelurahan Pulau Harapan[link]

The Kelurahan (Administrative Village) of Pulau Harapan (postal code 14540) makes up the eastern part of the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara. Officially, the Kelurahan contains 30 islands.

Island	Location	Remarks	Image
Belanda	5°36′23″S 106°36′19″E / 5.606426°S 106.605349°E / -5.606426; 106.605349	Belanda ("Netherlands") Island is covered with causarina trees.
Bulat	5°37′48″S 106°34′26″E / 5.629892°S 106.573758°E / -5.629892; 106.573758	Bulat ("spherical") This privately-owned island sits is roughly round in contour and sits on its own reef.[3]
Buton	5°28′22″S 106°32′28″E / 5.472754°S 106.541029°E / -5.472754; 106.541029	This small island is a marine reserve. It is located south of Penjaliran Barat Island and belongs to the same reef system.
Bira Besar	5°36′43″S 106°34′35″E / 5.611809°S 106.576404°E / -5.611809; 106.576404	Pulau Seribu Paradise has privately developed this island as as a resort.[3][13]
Bira Kecil	5°37′09″S 106°35′03″E / 5.619093°S 106.584241°E / -5.619093; 106.584241	Bira Kecil Island sits on its own reef.
Dua Timur	5°25′12″S 106°29′31″E / 5.420000°S 106.491944°E / -5.420000; 106.491944	This is one of the northernmost islands in Kepulauan Seribu.
Gosong Laga Besar	5°32′20″S 106°34′44″E / 5.538916°S 106.578862°E / -5.538916; 106.578862
Gosong Laga Kecil	5°31′44″S 106°34′32″E / 5.528990°S 106.575501°E / -5.528990; 106.575501
Harapan	5°39′11″S 106°34′41″E / 5.653107°S 106.578194°E / -5.653107; 106.578194	The capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Harapan. The island is located to the west of Pulau Kelapa,and connected to it by a 200 meter paved connection referred as the jembatan ("bridge").[27] The island belongs to the same reef system as Pulau Kelapa. Pulau Harapan is populated by people from Pulau Kelapa and Tangerang. The island was formerly known as Pulau Pelemparan ("throwing", "ejection") because it was the place where the Bugis and some other people were exiled. Later the island's name was changed to Harapan ("hope"), to symbolize a new era.[27]
Jagung	5°28′49″S 106°31′05″E / 5.480406°S 106.518113°E / -5.480406; 106.518113	Jagung ("corn") Island is thickly wooded with high trees.
Kayuangin Utara	5°36′24″S 106°33′58″E / 5.606735°S 106.566063°E / -5.606735; 106.566063	Privately owned. [3]
Opak Besar	5°40′17″S 106°34′56″E / 5.671386°S 106.582188°E / -5.671386; 106.582188	Opak Besar Island is the southernmost island of the administrative village of Pulau Harapan. It is privately owned.[3]
Nyamplung	5°30′20″S 106°32′10″E / 5.505552°S 106.536160°E / -5.505552; 106.536160	Nyamplung Island is located north of Sebaru Kecil Island.
Pamegaran / Pamadaran	5°38′13″S 106°34′53″E / 5.636976°S 106.581494°E / -5.636976; 106.581494	Pamegaran Island contains a jetty and is covered with low trees.[18] It is privately owned.[3]
Penjaliran Barat / Pancalirang Kecil	5°28′08″S 106°32′59″E / 5.468791°S 106.549795°E / -5.468791; 106.549795	A marine reserve. The island contains a protected mangrove forest area. The island is the largest island in a reef system which also contains the much smaller Buton Island. [13]
Penjaliran Timur / Pancalirang Besar	5°28′00″S 106°33′00″E / 5.466667°S 106.550000°E / -5.466667; 106.550000	A marine reserve. The island is densely wooded with tall trees and contains a protected mangrove forest.[13]
Perak	5°34′59″S 106°34′07″E / 5.583109°S 106.568549°E / -5.583109; 106.568549	Perak ("silver") Island is located north of Putri Timur Island. This 3.06 ha island contains a jetty and is allocated for recreation.
Peteloran Barat	5°28′09″S 106°32′28″E / 5.469281°S 106.541003°E / -5.469281; 106.541003	A marine reserve. The island contains protected mangrove forests.[13]
Peteloran Timur / Peteloran	5°27′28″S 106°33′39″E / 5.457772°S 106.560696°E / -5.457772; 106.560696	A marine reserve.
Putri Timur	5°35′34″S 106°34′00″E / 5.592830°S 106.566653°E / -5.592830; 106.566653	Developed as a resort.[3][13]
Rengit/Ringit	5°29′53″S 106°34′25″E / 5.498109°S 106.573580°E / -5.498109; 106.573580	The island is densely wooded with high trees.[18]
Sabira	5°12′04″S 106°27′36″E / 5.201111°S 106.460000°E / -5.201111; 106.460000	Formerly known as Noord Wachter or "North Guard", this is the northernmost island of the Kepulauan Seribu. It is situated around 126 km from the coast of Jakarta. This 10 hectare island is surrounded by coral reefs. The island is covered in coconut and breadfruit trees. There is a 60 meter lighthouse in the island, built in 1869. On the door of the lighthouse, a plaque is placed with inscription: "Onder de regering van Z.M Willem III Koning der Nederlander enz. opgericht voor draailicht 1869" (Dutch "Under the reign of His Majesty King William III of Netherlands etc., rotating light erected 1869"
Sebaru Besar	5°30′04″S 106°32′54″E / 5.501098°S 106.548243°E / -5.501098; 106.548243
Semut Kecil	5°34′02″S 106°33′57″E / 5.567209°S 106.565721°E / -5.567209; 106.565721	Privately owned.[3]
Semut Sekampung
Sepak Barat / Sepa Besar	5°34′41″S 106°34′57″E / 5.578096°S 106.582518°E / -5.578096; 106.582518	Sepa Permai has developed the island as a resort.[3]
Sepak Timur / Sepa Timur / Sepa Kecil	5°34′20″S 106°35′12″E / 5.572259°S 106.586764°E / -5.572259; 106.586764
Tondan Barat / Tondan Besar / Petondan Besar / Pelangi	5°35′10″S 106°35′26″E / 5.586041°S 106.590585°E / -5.586041; 106.590585	Pulau Seribu Paradise has developed the island as a resort.[3]
Tondan Timur / Tondan Kecil / Petondan Kecil / Papatheo	5°34′46″S 106°35′41″E / 5.579499°S 106.594805°E / -5.579499; 106.594805	The island is developed as a resort.

References[link]

Note[link]

External links[link]

Indonesia portal

• (Indonesian) Webpage on the official site of Jakarta
• (Indonesian) PulauSeribu.net
• (Indonesian) Information of the national park
• Kepulauan Seribu National Park travel guide from Wikitravel