- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 119144
- author: BigPondAFL
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- 93.9 Bay FM
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3GPH
3GPH is a radio station based in Geelong, Victoria. It is part of the Vision Australia Radio network, a reading and information service for those persons unable to read or easily access information in print. The station is run and operated by volunteers.
When not broadcasting local programs, the station is a relay of 3RPH in Melbourne.
Coordinates: 38°08′50″S 144°21′39″E / -38.14729°N 144.360735°E / -38.14729; 144.360735
wn.com/3GPH -
93.9 Bay FM
93.9 Bay FM (call sign: 3BAY) is a commercial FM radio station based in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It commenced broadcasting from an old industrial estate in Corio, Geelong in 1989.
The Official starting date provided by broadcasting authorities was 10 December 1989, however former listeners have suggested that Bay FM broadcasting began on the afternoon of Friday 8 December 1989.
Bay FM was originally licensed to Geelong Independent Newspapers, as part of the Australian Commonwealth government's bid to increase the diversity of radio services in regional centres.
Just before the official launch of the station, the parent company of Bay FM purchased the flagging 3XY Melbourne radio station (then broadcasting a mix of soft rock) from the then owners of 2SM. Under "new" management, 3XY, for a very short period of time, once Bay FM commenced transmission, continued broadcasting Soft Rock from Melbourne daily until 6 pm, then would simulcast Bay FM until 6 am the following morning, once the new Corio Bay FM and 3XY studios were complete, 3XY began simulcasting with Bay FM 24/7. (Apart from 3XY's AFL Coverage, which was a separate 3XY exclusive broadcast).
wn.com/93.9_Bay_FM -
95.5 K-Rock
95.5 K-Rock (call sign: 3CAT) is a commercial FM radio station based in Geelong, Australia. K-Rock operates a mainstream Top 40 rock-inclined playlist.
In 2012 the on-air line-up consists of "The B Team" (breakfast) (Leroy Brown & Paul "chicken" Dyer), Marisa (9am - 2pm), Aiden (2pm - 4pm) and "The Departure Lounge" (4pm - 6pm with Aiden & Leigh). Other shows include Widest World Of Sport.
K-Rock's football coverage mainly consists of Australian Football League matches involving the Geelong Football Club. Commentators include Anthony Mithen, Andrew Bews and Tom King.
K-Rock shares transmitter facilities with sister station Bay FM (along with 94.7 The Pulse and 96.3 Rhema FM) - broadcasting from a high-powered transmitter on top of Murradoc Hill on the Bellarine Peninsula. The licence area covers the Greater Geelong area, Werribee and Western Melbourne, The Golden Plains, and the Surfcoast. K-Rock also streams online via their website.
From 1930 to 1990, K-Rock was known as 3GL on the AM band, broadcasting first on 1400 kHz, then 1350 kHz and later 1341 kHz. Although based in Geelong, it was notable for being receivable over most of the Melbourne metropolitan area.
wn.com/95.5_K-Rock -
Adelaide
Adelaide (
/ˈædəleɪd/) is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.2 million. The demonym "Adelaidean" is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is located north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills, and 90 km (56 mi) from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south.
Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for a freely settled British province in Australia.Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Light's design set out Adelaide in a grid layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parkland. Early Adelaide was shaped by religious freedom and a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties, which led to the moniker "City of Churches".
wn.com/Adelaide -
Anakie, Victoria
Anakie ( /ænəˈkiː/) is a rural township between Geelong, Victoria, and Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia. At the 2006 census, Anakie and the surrounding area had a population of 674. The name is believed to be derived from 'Anakie Youang', an expression in one of the local Australian Aboriginal languages, meaning 'little hill' or 'twin hills'. The nearby Brisbane Ranges National Park contains three hills known as The Anakies, as well as Mount Anakie.
Attractions in Anakie include the Brisbane Ranges National Park and Fairy Park. Staughton Vale and Balliang are smaller villages in the Anakie district.
The area was first settled by Europeans in 1842 when Frederick Griffith established his Anakie pastoral run. In the 1850s Griffith subdivided some of the land along the Anakie Creek, which became a small village. A Wesleyan school opened in 1858 and a Catholic school in 1859. The Post Office opened on 15 October 1858 By 1865 the town had a hotel and a Presbyterian church. A Catholic church was established in 1871 followed by an Anglican church in 1891. The size of the farming lots were too small for most farmers to make a living, and so consolidations occurred, which resulted in a drop in population.
wn.com/Anakie,_Victoria -
Anglesea, Victoria
Anglesea is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Great Ocean Road in the Surf Coast Shire local government area. At the 2006 census, Anglesea had a population of 2,290.
Originally known as Swampy Creek the name was changed to Anglesea River in 1884 when the township was established. A Post Office under that name opened on 16 April 1886 and was renamed Anglesea in 1950.
Alcoa of Australia operate a power station and open-cut coalmine in the town.
In February 1983, the Ash Wednesday fires swept through the area, destroying many houses.
There is a surge in population during the Summer months, reaching a peak around Christmas and New Year's Eve, as many Melbourne residents arrive for the holiday season. Although the town's main beach has surfing conditions, many surfers opt for Government Beach (known as "Guvvo's"), just west of town. Anglesea is also famous locally for its annual riverbank markets, which take place by the river on Anglesea's main street, the Great Ocean Road.
The town's golf-course is known for its resident kangaroo population. In September the town hosts the Angair Wildflower Festival.
wn.com/Anglesea,_Victoria -
Apollo Bay, Victoria
Apollo Bay is a coastal town in southwestern Victoria, Australia. It is situated on the eastern side of Cape Otway, along the edge of the Barham River and on the Great Ocean Road, in the Colac Otway Shire. The town has a population of 1380.
It now makes an income from tourism, though it is smaller and quieter than other tourist destinations such as Lorne. It is also host to the annual Apollo Bay Music Festival and the Great Ocean Sports Festival.
Apollo Bay was part of the traditional lands of the Gadubanud or King Parrot people of the Cape Otway coast.
In the 1840s the Henty brothers established a whaling station at Point Bunbury on the western end of the bay.
The bay was named by a Captain Loutit in 1845 when he sheltered his vessel, the Apollo, here from a storm.
The first settlers were timber cutters in the 1850s who subsequently established sawmills. Farmers later moved into the area and a small settlement on Apollo Bay named Middleton developed. A Post Office of that name (with a fortnightly mail delivery) opened on May 1, 1873 (relocated to the township of Krambruk in 1881 and renamed Apollo Bay in 1898). During this period almost all access to the area was by sea.
wn.com/Apollo_Bay,_Victoria -
Ararat, Victoria
Ararat is a city in south-west Victoria, Australia, about 205 kilometres (130 mi) west of Melbourne, on the Western Highway on the eastern slopes of the Ararat Hills and Cemetery Creek valley between Victoria's Western District and the Wimmera. Its population according to the 2006 census was 8,215.
It is the largest settlement in the Rural City of Ararat local government area and is the administrative centre.
The discovery of gold in 1857 during the Victorian gold rush transformed it into a boomtown which continued to prosper until the turn of the 20th century after which it has steadily declined in population. It was proclaimed as a city on 24 May 1950. Today,however it continues to decline.
It is named after Mount Ararat 10 kilometres south west of the town which was named by Horatio Wills in 1841.
Prior to the European settlement of Australia, Ararat was inhabited by the Tjapwurong Indigenous Australian people.
Europeans first settled in the Grampians region in the 1840s after surveyor Thomas Mitchell passed through the area in 1836. In 1841, Horatio Wills, on his way to selecting country further south, wrote in his diary, "like the Ark we rested" and named a nearby hill Mt Ararat. It is from this entry and the nearby Mount that the town takes its name. The Post Office opened 1 February 1856 although known as Cathcart until 31 August 1857.
wn.com/Ararat,_Victoria -
Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
wn.com/Australia -
Avalon Airport
Avalon Airport (IATA: AVV, ICAO: YMAV) is the second busiest of the four airports serving Melbourne (in passenger traffic) and is located in Avalon, Victoria, Australia, which is 15 km (9.3 mi) north-east of the city of Geelong and 50 km (31 mi) to the south-west of the state's capital city of Melbourne.
The airport is designed to cater for jet aircraft and comprises a single runway. Avalon is used by Jetstar Airways and Sharp Airlines for scheduled domestic passenger services and as a heavy maintenance facility by Jetstar's parent company, Qantas. It is also the site of the biennial Australian International Airshow. Previously, air traffic control was only provided at Avalon on request, but on 16 May 2008 it was announced that regular air traffic control facilities would be provided.
Avalon Airport lies between the You Yangs, Corio Bay and Melbourne Water sewage treatment agistment paddocks. The airport continues to fall under the jurisdiction of the Australian Department of Defence.
The airport had 94,180 passengers for the month January 2011.[citation needed]
wn.com/Avalon_Airport -
Bairnsdale
Bairnsdale ( /ˈbɛərnzdeɪl/, locally [ˈbeːnzdæɪl]) is a small city in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. With a population at the 2006 census of 11,282, it is a major regional centre of eastern Victoria along with Traralgon and Sale.
Bairnsdale is located on the river flats of the Mitchell River, near where the Mitchell River flows into Lake King.
Bairnsdale is the commercial centre for the East Gippsland region and the seat of local government for the Shire of East Gippsland.
The origin of the city's name is uncertain, however it is believed to have been derived from the name of the property owned by pioneer settler Archibald Macleod.
Bairnsdale is sited on a bend of the Mitchell river, with the river flowing in along the northern edge of the town, before turning south to flow along the eastern edge, although suburbs are now found across the river to both north and east, e.g. Wy Yung and Eastwood. The river floods at intervals of several years, inundating areas of the town close to the banks and closing the highway bridge.
wn.com/Bairnsdale -
Ballarat
Ballarat ( /ˈbæləræt/) is a city in the state of Victoria, Australia, approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi) west-north-west of the state capital Melbourne situated on the lower plains of the Great Dividing Range and the Yarrowee River catchment. It is the largest inland centre and third most populous city in the state and the fifth most populated inland city in Australia. It is the largest settlement and administrative centre of the City of Ballarat, which encompasses both the urban area and outlying towns spanning an area of 740 square kilometres (290 sq mi) and an estimated population of 97,810. Inhabitants of Ballarat are known as Ballaratians.
It was named by Scottish settler Archibald Yuille who established the sheep run called Ballaarat in 1837 with the name derived from local Wathaurong Aboriginal words for the area, balla arat, thought to mean "resting place". The present spelling was officially adopted in 1996.
It is one of the most significant Victorian era boomtowns in Australia. Just months after Victoria was granted separation from New South Wales, the Victorian gold rush transformed Ballarat from a small sheep station to a major settlement. Gold was discovered at Poverty Point on 18 August 1851 and news quickly spread of rich alluvial fields where gold could easily be extracted. Within months, approximately 20,000 migrants had rushed the district. Unlike many other gold rush boom towns, the Ballarat fields experienced sustained high gold yields for decades.
wn.com/Ballarat -
Ballarat, Victoria
Ballarat ( /ˈbæləræt/) is a city in the state of Victoria, Australia, approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi) west-north-west of the state capital Melbourne situated on the lower plains of the Great Dividing Range and the Yarrowee River catchment. It is the largest inland centre and third most populous city in the state and the fifth most populated inland city in Australia. It is the largest settlement and administrative centre of the City of Ballarat, which encompasses both the urban area and outlying towns spanning an area of 740 square kilometres (290 sq mi) and an estimated population of 97,810. Inhabitants of Ballarat are known as Ballaratians.
It was named by Scottish settler Archibald Yuille who established the sheep run called Ballaarat in 1837 with the name derived from local Wathaurong Aboriginal words for the area, balla arat, thought to mean "resting place". The present spelling was officially adopted in 1996.
It is one of the most significant Victorian era boomtowns in Australia. Just months after Victoria was granted separation from New South Wales, the Victorian gold rush transformed Ballarat from a small sheep station to a major settlement. Gold was discovered at Poverty Point on 18 August 1851 and news quickly spread of rich alluvial fields where gold could easily be extracted. Within months, approximately 20,000 migrants had rushed the district. Unlike many other gold rush boom towns, the Ballarat fields experienced sustained high gold yields for decades.
wn.com/Ballarat,_Victoria -
Balliang, Victoria
Balliang is a locality in Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the south-east of the Shire of Moorabool, north of the City of Greater Geelong and 54 kilometres (34 mi) from the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2006 census, Balliang had a population of 233.
The locality was named for a house in Geelong owned by Foster Fyans, which was in turn named for Balliang (or Ballyang), who was an Aboriginal leader employed by Fyans. Balliang Post Office opened on 23 June 1910 and closed in 1968.
wn.com/Balliang,_Victoria -
Bass Strait
Bass Strait ( /ˈbæs/) is a sea strait separating Tasmania from the south of the Australian mainland, specifically the state of Victoria.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Bass Strait as follows:
On the West. The Eastern limit of the Great Australian Bight [A line from Cape Otway, Australia, to King Island and thence to Cape Grim, the Northwest extreme of Tasmania].
On the East. The Western limit of the Tasman Sea between Gabo Island and Eddystone Point [A line from Gabo Island (near Cape Howe, 37°30'S) to the Northeast point of East Sister Island (148°E) thence along the 148th meridian to Flinders Island; beyond this Island a line running to the Eastward of the Vansittart Shoals to [Cape] Barren Island, and from Cape Barren (the Easternmost point of [Cape] Barren Island) to Eddystone Point (41°S) in Tasmania].
The strait was named after George Bass after he and Matthew Flinders passed through it while circumnavigating Van Diemen's Land (now named Tasmania) in the Norfolk in 1798–99. At Flinders' recommendation the Governor of New South Wales, John Hunter, in 1800 named the stretch of water between the mainland and Van Diemen's Land "Basses Strait". Later it became known as Bass Strait.
wn.com/Bass_Strait -
Batesford, Victoria
Batesford, Victoria is a small township located approximately 10 kilometres west of Geelong and 67 kilometres south-west of the state capital, Melbourne.
It is located on the banks of the Moorabool River and on the Midland Highway.
Batesford is named after Alfred and John Bates who settled here in 1837 at a place where the river could be forded. The township was surveyed in 1854 and was originally named Hopeton after George Hope whose land it formed a part. A feature of Batesford is the bluestone bridge dating from 1859 which now forms part of the service road past the Dog Rocks Hotel (formerly the Derwent or Batesford Hotel). Both these structures are on the Register of the National Estate.
The Post Office opened on 18 August 1856 and closed in 1949.
The old Batesford Bridge, built using bluestone in 1859
The bridge in 2010
Coordinates: 38°06′S 144°17′E / 38.1°S 144.283°E / -38.1; 144.283
wn.com/Batesford,_Victoria -
Bell Park, Victoria
Bell Park is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is located 3 km north-west of the Geelong city centre and is bordered to the north by the Ballarat rail line, to the east by Thompson Road, to the south by the Midland Highway and to the west by Anakie Road.
Bell Park was named after the Bell Park homestead built by the early settler, John Bell. Settlement began in the early 1950s with many settlers coming from European countries after World War II. The Post Office opened on 1 July 1953. Part of Bell's homestead is preserved at the Grace McKellar Centre. There are two Ukrainian churches in Bell Park - one Orthodox and one Catholic.
As of 2008, there are three shopping strips in Bell Park. The strip along Milton Street has a newsagency, hairdresser, day spa, bottle shop, Dnister Ukrainian Credit Co-operative, post office, hardware store, butcher, barber, bakery and small supermarket. The strip on Hughes Street has a greengrocer, bargain shop, butcher, supermarket, pharmacy, hairdresser. The strip along Separation Street has a stationer, pharmacy, butcher, 2 hairdressers, Chinese takeout, real estate agent, optometrist, a milk bar, fish and chips, florist, Tattslotto agent, cake shop, a bank, accountant, chicken shop, discount supermarket, Croatian club and Chinese restaurant.
wn.com/Bell_Park,_Victoria -
Belmont, Victoria
Belmont is a southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The name means "beautiful hill". Belmont is geographically separated from the Geelong central business district by the Barwon River. The suburb is primarily residential, with some light industry along Barwon Heads Road. The suburb is part of the City of Greater Geelong local government area.
The area was settled by Geelong mayor Dr. Alexander Thomson in 1836 his pastoral run and subsequent purchases of crown land were managed from the homestead Kardinia. Early settlement was hampered by the lack of a secure bridge. By the mid-to-late 1850s a township had developed with a general store and a number of pubs. The Post Office opened on 21 January 1860.
Many of the streets in the area are named after early properties; for instance Roslyn Road was originally a track which led to the homestead Roslyn in the suburb of Wandana. A few significant older buildings remain, such as Royd Grange which was built by Godfrey Hirst in 1897.
In 1850 Dr. Alexander Thomson offered for sale 93 allotments as the township of Belmont between Mount Pleasant and Roslyn Roads. Further land sales occurred in 1886, 25 acres (100,000 m2) of Crown land was offered for sale in 25 allotments. The economic depression of the 1890s adversely affected land sales.
wn.com/Belmont,_Victoria -
Benalla
Benalla ( /bəˈnælə/) is a city of just over 9,000 people located just off the Hume Freeway in north-eastern Victoria, Australia, about 40 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of Wangaratta. Its Local Government Area is the Rural City of Benalla.
The site was originally taken up as a pastoral run by the Reverend Joseph Docker in 1838 and called Benalta Run, from the Aboriginal word for Musk Duck. A town was laid out on the site in 1846. The Post Office opened on 1 December 1844 but named Broken River until 1 January 1854
The Broken River can cause extensive flooding. There is a park and walking track along the river at Benalla, featuring a ceramic sculpture community that was created as part of an employment project for local artists some years ago; this is the site of the original Benalla Police Station (known as Broken River) which was formed in early February 1839. The listed Police Members were Corp. Thomas Whitwell, Troopers John Phealy, Patrick Monahan, Thomas Cornwark and Dismounted Trooper Edward Beech. Benalla Police is Victoria's longest serving. Industries include agricultural support services, tourism, a medium density fibreboard factory, Thales Australia ammunition factory and aviation. The rose gardens and the annual Rose Festival dating from 1967 have contributed to tourism.
wn.com/Benalla -
Bendigo
Bendigo /ˈbɛndɨɡoʊ/ is a major regional city in the state of Victoria, Australia, located very close to the geographical centre of the state and approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) north west of the state capital Melbourne. It is the second largest inland city and fourth most populous city in the state. The estimated urban population is 91,713. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Bendigo which encompasses both the urban area and outlying towns spanning an area of approximately 3,000 square kilometres (1,158 sq mi). Inhabitants of Bendigo are known as Bendigonians.
Originally taking its name from the Bendigo Creek, the name became official in 1891. Shortly afterwards, the term "Bendigonians" was coined to describe its residents.
Bendigo is one of the most significant Victorian era boomtowns in Australia. Gold was discovered in 1851 at The Rocks on Bendigo Creek and the Bendigo Valley was found to be a rich alluvial field where gold could easily be extracted. News of the finds intensified the Victorian gold rush bringing an influx of migrants to the city from around the world within a year and transforming it from a station to a major settlement in the newly proclaimed Colony of Victoria.
wn.com/Bendigo -
Bendigo, Victoria
Bendigo /ˈbɛndɨɡoʊ/ is a major regional city in the state of Victoria, Australia, located very close to the geographical centre of the state and approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) north west of the state capital Melbourne. It is the second largest inland city and fourth most populous city in the state. The estimated urban population is 91,713. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Bendigo which encompasses both the urban area and outlying towns spanning an area of approximately 3,000 square kilometres (1,158 sq mi). Inhabitants of Bendigo are known as Bendigonians.
Originally taking its name from the Bendigo Creek, the name became official in 1891. Shortly afterwards, the term "Bendigonians" was coined to describe its residents.
Bendigo is one of the most significant Victorian era boomtowns in Australia. Gold was discovered in 1851 at The Rocks on Bendigo Creek and the Bendigo Valley was found to be a rich alluvial field where gold could easily be extracted. News of the finds intensified the Victorian gold rush bringing an influx of migrants to the city from around the world within a year and transforming it from a station to a major settlement in the newly proclaimed Colony of Victoria.
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Breakwater, Victoria
Breakwater is a residential and industrial suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, located on the Barwon River, 4 km south-south-east of the Geelong central business district. Breakwater is also home to the Geelong Racing Club, Geelong Racecourse and the Geelong Showgrounds.
The name Breakwater originated from a rock ford constructed across the Barwon River by Geelong's first Police magistrate, Captain Foster Fyans, in 1837. The ford stopped the inflow of salt water to the fresh water river, supplying the town with fresh river water.
A Post Office opened on 1 January 1867 and closed in 1982.
Land between the industrial area and the river is prone to flooding. From 1913 - 1916, the Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust built a 750-metre long sewer aqueduct across the Barwon River to an ocean discharge point at Black Rock. It was retired after 80 years of service due to its poor structural condition which was beyond economic repair.
Coordinates: 38°10′55″S 144°22′30″E / 38.182°S 144.375°E / -38.182; 144.375
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Brisbane
Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/) is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.1 million, and the South East Queensland urban conurbation, centred around Brisbane, encompasses a population of more than 3 million. The Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, approximately 23 km (14 mi) from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the floodplain of the Brisbane River valley between the bay and the Great Dividing Range. While the metropolitan area is governed by several municipalities, a large portion of central Brisbane is governed by the Brisbane City Council, which is by far Australia's largest Local Government Area by population. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite.
Brisbane is named after the river on which it sits, which, in turn, was named after Scotsman Sir Thomas Brisbane, the Governor of New South Wales from 1821 to 1825. The first European settlement in Queensland was a penal colony at Redcliffe, 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of the Brisbane central business district, in 1824. That settlement was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825. Free settlers were permitted from 1842. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859.
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Bundaberg
Bundaberg is a city in Queensland, Australia. It is part of the Local Government Area (LGA) of the Bundaberg Region and is a major centre within Queensland's broader Wide Bay-Burnett geographical region. The city lies on the Burnett River, approximately 385 kilometres (239 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) inland from the coast.
The first Europeans in the area, were timbergetters and farmers who arrived in 1867. The town itself was surveyed in 1870 and by 1881 it was gazetted as a municipality. It grew rapidly into a town by 1902 and a city by 1913.
The city name is thought to be an artificial combination of bunda, the Kabi Aboriginal word denoting important man and the German suffix berg indicating mountain. The city is colloquially known as "Bundy".
The local Aboriginal group is the Dundu:ra/Doondora people the inhabitants of the Hervey Bay (Dundu:ra Bay) region which stretched from the Mary River to the Burnett River who was part of the Wahr Language Group of the Kabi nation (Edward Curr 1886).
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Burnie, Tasmania
Burnie is a port town on the north-west coast of Tasmania, originally settled in 1827 as Emu Bay. The town was renamed for William Burnie—a director of the Van Diemen's Land Company—in the early 1840s. The town boundary usually includes the outer town of Somerset. Burnie is governed by the City of Burnie Local Government Area. The estimated population is 21,000.
Key Industries: Heavy machinery manufacturing; forestry; farming. The Burnie port is the fifth largest container port in Australia;
Tasmania's third largest hospital, North West Regional Hospital, is located on Brickport Road in Burnie. It provides both in and outpatient services for general medicine, general surgery, orthopaedics and paediatrics.
Burnie has a central business district with several national retailers.
Just outside the CBD there are other major retailers such as; Harvey Norman Superstore, Spotlight, Godfreys and SuperCheap Auto.
Other amenities include multi-function "Burnie Arts and Function Centre" (formerly known as the Civic Centre), post office, police station, supreme court, public and private hospital, as well as numerous sporting and social organisations.
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Caloundra
Caloundra ( /kəˈlaʊndrə/) is the southernmost community on the Sunshine Coast in South East Queensland, Australia, located 90 kilometres (55.9 mi) north of Brisbane CBD. Caloundra is accessible from Landsborough Railway Station and the Caloundra bus station.
In the local Aboriginal dialect, 'Kalowendah' translates as 'Place of the Beech Trees'.
In 1875, Robert Bulcock, an English immigrant who founded a Brisbane newspaper and later represented the Brisbane suburb of Enoggera in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1885 until 1888, bought 277 acres (1.12 km2) of land in the region. A town was surveyed in the 1870s, and land sales commenced in 1883. With its proximity to beaches, the area became popular with tourists and a number of hotels and guest houses were set up to accommodate them.
In 1917, Bulcock's, Robert Bulcock Jr, who was a councillor in the Shire of Landsborough, subdivided part of the land into 404 lots. This area became known as Bulcock Beach. By 1933, Caloundra had a population of 271.
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Camperdown, Victoria
Camperdown is an historically significant rural town in southwestern Victoria, Australia, 194 kilometres (121 mi) south west of the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2006 census, Camperdown had a population of 3,165.
The Djargurd Wurrung people are the traditional aboriginal people of the Camperdown area, who had lived in the area for thousands of years as a semi-nomadic hunter gatherer society.
The first British settlers arrived in the area from Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) after 1835 to establish sheep runs. Although settlement was met with resistance by some of the local aborigines, the town's history also records remarkable instances of mutual assistance and friendship between native and settler peoples. Notable on this account is the family of David Fenton, the Scottish Presbyterian shepherd and drover who built the first house in Camperdown in 1853.
In 1883 Wombeetch Puuyuun (also known as Camperdown George) died at the age of 43 and was buried in a bog outside the bounds of Camperdown Cemetery. His friend, James Dawson was shocked at this burial upon his return from a trip to Scotland, and personally reburied Wombeetch in Camperdown Cemetery. He appealed for money to raise a monument, but with little public support, primarily funded the monument himself. The 7 metre obelisk was erected as a memorial to Wombeetch Puuyuun and the aborigines of the district, and has been described as being still inspiring today.
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Canberra
Canberra ( /ˈkænbᵊrə/ or /ˈkænbɛrə/) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 358,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 280 km (170 mi) south-west of Sydney, and 660 km (410 mi) north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a "Canberran".
The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by the Chicago architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centred around axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory.
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Ceres, Victoria
Ceres is a locality of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. As one of the highest points in Geelong, Ceres has a lookout which overlooks the city.
The Post Office opened on 14 February 1856, closing in 1962.
Coordinates: 38°10′S 144°16′E / 38.167°S 144.267°E / -38.167; 144.267
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City of Geelong
The City of Geelong was a Local Government Area located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) southwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 13.4 square kilometres (5.2 sq mi), and existed from 1849 until 1994.
Geelong was the second municipality in Victoria behind Melbourne. It was established under the Geelong Incorporation Act (NSW) in October 1849, and proclaimed as a Town on 4 June 1858. On 8 December 1910, it was proclaimed a City.
On 18 May 1993, the City was abolished, and under the City of Greater Geelong Act 1993 merged into the City of Greater Geelong with the Cities of Geelong West and Newtown, the Rural City of Bellarine, the Shire of Corio, part of the City of South Barwon and parts of the Shires of Barrabool and Bannockburn.
The City of Geelong was divided into five wards, each of which elected three councillors:
The City consisted of two parts. The main section, which included Geelong City, Breakwater, East Geelong and South Geelong, was bounded by Corio Bay to the northeast, Barwon River to the southeast, Boundary Road to the east and La Trobe Terrace to the west.
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Coffs Harbour
Coffs Harbour is a coastal city located on the north coast of New South Wales about 540 km (340 mi) north of Sydney, 385 km (239 mi) north of Newcastle, and 440 km (270 mi) south of Brisbane. The region has a wintertime population of over 70,000 people that swells to 100,000 in the holiday seasons. Popular with people wanting to relocate from big cities to small towns on the coast or in rural areas, Coffs Harbour continues to grow at an exceptional rate, with a population projection of 80,000 by the year 2016.
According to the CSIRO, Coffs Harbour has the most liveable climate in Australia, and it is nestled between a high mountain backdrop and dozens of "unspoiled" beaches. Coffs Harbour's economy is based mainly on farming (of bananas), tourism, and manufacturing.
The city has a campus of Southern Cross University, a public and a private hospital, several radio stations, and three major shopping centres. Coffs Harbour is near numerous National Parks, including a Marine National Park. There are multiple regular passenger flights each day to Sydney, Brisbane and Port Macquarie. Coffs Harbour is also accessible by road, by Countrylink trains, and by regular bus services.
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Colac, Victoria
Colac is a small city located in the Western District of Victoria, Australia, situated approximately 150 kilometres south-west of Melbourne on the southern shore of Lake Colac and the surrounding volcanic plains, approximately 40 km inland from Bass Strait. Colac is the largest city in and administrative centre of the Colac Otway Shire. At the 2006 census, Colac had a population of 10,857.
A commercial centre for a major agricultural district, it was named after nearby Lake Colac and was proclaimed a city in 1960.
For thousands of years clans of the Gulidjan people occupied the region of Colac, living a semi-nomadic life.
The area was first settled by Europeans in 1837 by Hugh Murray, and proclaimed a town, Lake Colac, in 1848.
The Post Office opened on 1 July 1848 as Lake Colac and was renamed Colac in 1854.Colac Botanic Gardens in Queen Street located on the shores of Lake Colac, were established in 1868.
In 1854 town founder Hugh Murray employed a couple of shepherds named Thomas Brookhouse and Patrick Geary. Brookhouse who was looking for missing sheep disappeared without a trace. Patrick Geary and his wife soon left the district. Fifteen years later a boy out rabbiting found the skeletal remains of Thomas Brookhouse under a pile of rocks near Lake Corangamite. Brookhouse had his head smashed in. It took Police two years to track Patrick Geary and charge him with Brookhouse's murder. A friend of Geary told the court that Geary had killed Brookhouse with an axe to stop him from informing Murray of Geary's sheep stealing activities. Geary was hanged in Melbourne in 1871.
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Corio Bay
Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. The nearby suburb of Corio takes its name from Corio Bay.
When Hamilton Hume and William Hovell arrived at the bay in 1824 they met with the local Wautharong people who referred to the bay as "Jillong" and the surround land "Corayo", but by the time the area was surveyed in the late 1830s the Aboriginal names had been swapped. The names "Corayo" and "Jillong" had since been Anglicised to "Corio" and "Geelong".
The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, and is the sixth largest port in Australia by tonnage.
Before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour. Ships were required to drop anchor in the bay, and cargo was brought into Geelong on small barges. At times it was possible to walk across the bay on the sandbar at low tide.
The first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s. In 1881 a new channel started that took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after Lord Hopetoun who opened it on December 20, 1893.
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Corio, Victoria
Corio is a residential, industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, located approximately 9 km north of the Geelong central business district. The area was formerly known as Cowie's Creek after James Cowie, an early land owner active in Local and State Government.
Explorers Hume and Hovell reached the area of Corio and reported Aboriginals referring to the area as 'Corago', possibly leading to the current name of Corio. Land was first subdivided and sold in the area of Cowies Creek in 1852. By the 1860s, Cowie's Creek was home to two hotels and a population of approximately 500 people. The Post Office opened on November 16, 1864 (Corio from 1913). The current Post Office is situated within the Corio Shopping Centre on the ground floor having moved from its original first floor location.
In 1914 the Geelong Grammar School moved to its current location near Corio Bay.
The Corio Village Shopping Centre was opened in 1973. The Shopping Centre currently includes a K-Mart, Coles, Woolworths, Best and Less, McDonalds, Subway, Gloria Jean's Coffees, Angus and Robertson book store, Optus and Telstra outlets, Cotton On, Millers, a Tattslotto agency, major banks and Australian Government agencies including Australia Post and a Centrelink office. After a re-developent in 2007/08, it is now known as the Corio Shopping Centre.
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Croatia
Croatia (
i/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.
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Curlewis, Victoria
Curlewis is a bounded rural locality of the City of Greater Geelong Local Government Area on the Bellarine Peninsula, Victoria, Australia. At the 2006 census, Curlewis had a population of 399.
Curlewis Post Office opened on 1 November 1866 and closed in 1973.
Golfers play at the Curlewis Golf Club on Portarlington Road.
Coordinates: 38°11′02″S 144°30′43″E / 38.184°S 144.512°E / -38.184; 144.512
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Daylesford, Victoria
Daylesford is a town located in the Shire of Hepburn, Victoria, Australia. It is a former goldmining town about 115 kilometres north-west of Melbourne, in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range. At the 2006 census, Daylesford had a population of 3,073. The Midland Highway runs through the town.
The broader area around the town, including Hepburn Springs to the north, is renowned for its natural spring mineral spas where visitors can sample the mineral water. This together with its proximity to Melbourne make it a popular destination for tourists.
Daylesford was founded in 1852 with the finding of alluvial gold in areas now occupied by Lake Daylesford. The area was initially called Wombat Flat. In 1854 Government Surveyor Fraser laid out a town site of 80 square chains and called it 'Wombat'. However it is believed that in 1855 Governor Hotham changed its name from Wombat to Daylesford after a small village in Worcester (now part of Gloucestershire) in England. The Post Office opened on 1 February 1858. A Telegraph Office was opened in August 1859. The railway was opened on 17 March 1880.
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Devonport, Tasmania
Devonport is a city in the northwestern part of Tasmania, Australia, situated at the mouth of the Mersey River. Along with the slightly smaller city of Burnie, Devonport is the major regional centre of the northwestern part of the state.
During the 1850s the twin settlements of Formby and Torquay were established on opposite banks at the mouth of the Mersey River. Torquay was the larger community with police, post, magistrate, at least three hotels, shipyards and stores. From 1870–1880 the shipping industry grew and work was undertaken to deepen the mouth of the river. When the mouth of the river could support a shipping industry the first regular steamer services commenced operating directly between the Mersey and Melbourne.
In 1889 the Bluff lighthouse was completed and the turn of the Century saw the railway make a significant difference to the Formby community. It combined a railhead and port facilities in the one place. A wharf was created on the west bank close to the railway and warehouses and situated in the main wharf area. The railway brought a building boom to Formby. In 1890 a public vote united Torquay and Formby, and the settlements became the town of Devonport.
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Division of Corio
The Division of Corio is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division one of the original 75 divisions contested at the first federal election. It is named for Corio Bay. It has always been based on the city of Geelong, although in the past it has also included parts of the western suburbs of Melbourne. For most of its history it has been a marginal seat, but since the 1970s it has become fairly safe for the Australian Labor Party. It is currently Labor's safest non-metropolitan seat, with a 14-point swing required for the Liberals to win it.
Its most prominent members have been Richard Casey, a leading Cabinet member in the 1930s and later Governor-General, and Gordon Scholes, who was Speaker during the Whitlam government and a minister in the Hawke government. In 2007 the then sitting Labor member, Gavan O'Connor, lost preselection for the 2007 election to ACTU Assistant Secretary Richard Marles.
Coordinates: 37°59′49″S 144°22′52″E / 37.997°S 144.381°E / -37.997; 144.381
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Drumcondra, Victoria
Drumcondra is a wealthy residential bayside suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, overlooking Corio Bay. It is the smallest suburb in Geelong and one of the smallest in Victoria. It was named after Drumcondra in Ireland.
Its boundaries are the Melbourne Road, Glenleith Avenue, The Esplanade and Bell Parade. It is classified as a "block" with its main road being Beach Parade, with only 9 streets in total and around 200 houses. Some of Geelong's most-prized and valuable real estate is located along here.
The area was established with the first house built on the site of 5 Glenleith Avenue in April 1912. The houses then were continued to be built on that street in that year, making 2012 their 100th year anniversary.
The mansion Lunan House is located in the suburb, built of Barrabool sandstone for wool merchant James Strahan in 1849. In later years it became a teachers college, before being converted back to a private house.
Lunan House
Coordinates: 38°07′55″S 38°07′55″E / 38.132°S 38.132°E / -38.132; 38.132
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Drysdale, Victoria
Drysdale is a rural township near Geelong, Victoria, Australia, located on the Bellarine Peninsula. The town has an approximate population of over 3700.
The town is named after Anne Drysdale whose estate "Coriyule""it's haunted" still sits above the township. The area was formerly known as McLeod's Waterholes and Bellarine. A township began to develop in the late 1840s and a Post Office (known as Bellarine until 1862) opened on 1 January 1855. From 1902 until 1951 Murrudoc Post Office to the west operated in the area also known as Murradoc. The railway reached the local railway station from South Geelong on the way to Queenscliff in 1879, and remained in Victorian Railways service until 1976. It is now the western terminus of the tourist orientated Bellarine Peninsula Railway. The station lies next to Lake Lorne, an important regional site for waterbirds.
Until abolished in 1993, the Rural City of Bellarine council seat was in Drysdale.
Aldi opened a store on Murradoc Road in January 2012.
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Dubbo
Dubbo ( /ˈdʌboʊ/) is a city in the Orana Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the largest population centre in the Orana region, with an estimated population of 31,007 and serves an estimated catchment of 130,000.
It is located at the intersection of the Mitchell, Newell and Golden highways. Dubbo is located approximately 275 m (902 ft) above sea level, 303 km (188 mi) north-west of the state capital Sydney (400 km/249 mi by road) and is a major road and rail freight hub to other parts of New South Wales. Dubbo is considered the cross-roads of New South Wales.[citation needed] It is linked by national highways north to Brisbane, south to Melbourne, east to Sydney and Newcastle, and west to Broken Hill and Adelaide.
Dubbo is included in the rainfall records and weather forecast region for the Central West Slopes and in the Central West Slopes and Plains division of the Bureau of Meteorology forecasts.
Evidence of habitation by Indigenous Australians dates back approximately 40,000 years.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Fyansford, Victoria
Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers.
Fyansford is one of the earliest places of settlement in the Geelong region. Fyans established his police camp nearby where the Moorabool could be forded - giving the name Fyan's Ford.
The area was once a centre for Geelong industry. In 1845 the first flour mill was erected by William Henry Collins on the banks of the Barwon. By 1859 the population was sufficient to justify a Post Office which opened on 1 February 1859 (closing in 1978). The Barwon Paper Mill opened at nearby Buckley's Falls in 1876. In 1895 mill became part of the Australian Paper Mills company, the predecessor of Amcor Limited.
Cement production began at Fyansford in 1890 led by Peter McCann, but it was not until 1911 that a modern rotary kiln was installed. The original Australian Portland Cement company plant was located at the foot of the Fyansford hill between Deviation Road and Hyland Street. In 1918 a railway line was extended from the North Geelong railway station to the top of the hill above Fyansford, and in 1926 the narrow gauge Fyansford Cement Works Railway was opened to serve a new quarry, and the works themselves expanded across Hyland Street, which became the main production site, Geelong Cement, in later years. The cement works were later acquired by Adelaide Brighton Cement, and were closed in 2001.
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Geelong
Geelong ( /dʒəˈlɒŋ/) is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia, 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the state capital; Melbourne. It is the second most populated city in Victoria and the fifth most populated non-capital city in Australia. The urban area runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with the bay to the east and hills to the west, an area with an estimated population of 160,991 people. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality which covers the urban and surrounding areas and is home to over 191,000 people. An inhabitant of Geelong has been known as a Geelongite, or a Pivotonian, in the past.
Geelong was named in 1837 by Governor Richard Burke, with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong, thought to mean 'land' or 'cliffs'. The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, and the Post Office was open by June 1840 (the second to open in the Port Phillip District). The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District. During the gold rush Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district. The city then diversified into manufacturing and during the 1860s it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills.
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Geelong Art Gallery
The Geelong Art Gallery is a major regional gallery in the city of Geelong in Victoria, Australia. The gallery has approximately 4,000 works of art in its collection. The gallery forms Geelong's Arts Precinct with the adjacent Geelong Performing Arts Centre, Geelong Heritage Centre, Geelong Courthouse centre, and the Geelong Library.
An art gallery for Geelong was first petitioned for in 1895 by members of the Geelong Progress League. In May 1900 permission was given for the Geelong Art Gallery Association to use three walls in the Geelong Town Hall to hang artwork on. Among the first acquisitions made was Frederick McCubbin's 1890 A Bush Burial which cost 100 guineas ($210 USD) at the time. The gallery was soon moved to the Free Library Building in Moorabool Street (between Malop and Corio Streets).
The current Geelong Gallery was officially opened in 1915, and was erected as a memorial to the late George M. Hitchcock. It was located beside Johnstone Park between the Town Hall and the former fire station (now the Geelong Regional Library). The initial building consisted of a portico and vestibule facing the park, and the G. M. Hitchcock Gallery.
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Geelong Hospital
The Geelong Hospital is an Australian public hospital located in Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria. The hospital is part of Barwon Health, Victoria's largest regional health care provider, which has 21 sites. It is the largest hospital in regional Victoria and the only tertiary hospital outside of the Melbourne Metropolitan area. The site is bounded by Ryrie, Bellarine, Myers, and Swanston Streets.
Originally opened as the Geelong Infirmary and Benevolent Asylum in 1852 on the Ryrie Street site, it treated 344 inpatients in its first year. By 1862 the number of patients treated had increased to 2450. By the 1890s the buildings were deeded obsolete, with proposals being made for the hospital's relocation to Eastern Park. This was blocked by the city council who objected to the loss of parkland.
By 1917 a public meeting was held calling for a new hospital, to be dedicated to the memory of Lord Kitchener. A building fund was set up, and work started in October 1922. The Geelong and District Kitchener Memorial Hospital as it was known opened on March 13, 1924. The original building consisted of a central administration block which remained until 2007, with wards branching off to each side. From 1927 the Gala Day festival in Geelong helped raise money for the hospital.
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Geelong Post Office
The current Geelong Post Office opened in 1994 and is located on the corner of Gheringhap and Little Myers Streets. The original post office was located on the corner of Ryrie and Gheringhap Streets. The Geelong Telegraph Station was located next door.
The first post office in Geelong was a corner of a store in Barwon Terrace, South Geelong, which opened around June 1840.
From August 1842 the Geelong Advertiser office was used as a post office.
A permanent post office was completed in 1857 on the corner of Ryrie and Gheringhap Streets. It was demolished in 1889 to make way for the building that stands on the site today. The new building was opened in 1891, with one major omission - the clock tower did not have a clock in it.
Work on providing a clock and chimes did not start until July 1911, with a London firm contracted to supply the timepiece. Five bells were provided, the largest one weighing 15 hundredweight (approximately 765 kilograms). Each clock face was 2.5 metres in size, the hour hands are 1 metre long, and the minute hands 1.25 metres long.
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Geelong Showgrounds
The Geelong Showgrounds in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, are the home of the Royal Geelong Show, an agricultural show held every year since 1855. The current showgrounds are located in the suburb of Breakwater.
The focus of the Royal Geelong Show is the display of rural industry, including livestock and produce, with associated competitions and awards. The show also features amusement rides, a sideshow alley, and showbags, carry bags full of goodies produced by various commercial enterprises.
The Geelong and Western District Agricultural and Horticultural Society was formed in February 1855. Their first showgrounds site was in East Geelong, south of Eastern Park, and was bounded by Ryrie, Garden, Myers and Normanby Streets. The second showgrounds opened in October 1891, on a new site that ran south from Ormond Road to St Albans Road. A 40 metre long wooden grandstand was provided on this side.
In 1907 the showgrounds were again moved, this time to the new Geelong Racecourse. April 14, 1907, saw the grandstand transported from the old site by Messrs McCoy and Son. Weighing 100 tonnes, it was moved as a whole by a traction engine across the Queenscliff railway line after being placed onto 52 large rollers. The stand remained at the current racecourse until at least the early 1990s.
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Geelong Town Hall
Geelong Town Hall is a civic building located on Gheringhap Street in central Geelong, Victoria. It was originally built for the City of Geelong, which became the City of Greater Geelong in 1993.
The land for the Town Hall was first acquired by the council in 1854. Two acres (0.8 hectares) in size, it was on the corner of Little Malop and Gheringhap Streets. A design competition was held, with 12 entries being received. The winning entry was submitted by a Melbourne architect, Joseph Reed.
The cost was estimated at 34,533 pounds ($69,066) and due to insufficient funding, it was decided to only build a single southern wing along Little Malop Street. The foundation stone was laid on April 9, 1855 by the then-Mayor Dr William Baylie. The wing was completed soon after.
The single southern wing remained alone until the early 1900s. Suggestions were made to move the Town Hall to another site, with a referendum being held in 1914 proposing the council move to the former Geelong Grammar building on Moorabool Street. This proposal was defeated, with the original design being completed, opening in June 1917. It remains today, with minor additions at the rear.
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Geraldton
Geraldton is a city and port in Western Australia located 424 kilometres (263 mi) north of Perth in the Mid West region. Geraldton has an estimated population at June 2010 of 36,958. Today, the city is an important centre for mining, fishing, wheat, sheep and tourism.
Though many European maritime explorers encountered or were even wrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos islands 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Geraldton during the 17th and 18th centuries, there is no evidence that any made landfall near the site of the current town.[citation needed] The first European to explore the area was George Grey in 1839. A decade later, explorer Augustus Gregory travelled through the area. He discovered lead on the Murchison River; a mine was subsequently established and was named Geraldine, after the Governor Charles Fitzgerald. The town of Geraldton was gazetted in 1850.
The construction of the St Francis Xavier Catholic Cathedral started in 1916 but was not completed until 1938. The cathedral was designed by Monsignor John Hawes who was both an architect and a priest. The Moore Point Lighthouse was recently repainted and established as another cultural attraction of Geraldton.
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Great Ocean Road
The Great Ocean Road is an Australian National Heritage listed 243-kilometre (151 mi) stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Australia between the Victorian cities of Torquay and Warrnambool. The road was built by returned soldiers between 1919 and 1932, and is the world's largest war memorial; dedicated to casualties of World War I. It is an important tourist attraction in the region, which winds through varying terrain alongside the coast, and provides access to several prominent landmarks; including the nationally significant Twelve Apostles limestone stack formations.
The Great Ocean Road, officially designated as the B100, begins at Torquay and travels 243 kilometres westward to finish at Allansford near Warrnambool, the largest city along the road. The road is two lane (one in each direction), with the majority covered by an 80 kilometre per hour speed limit.
The road is considered a tourist attraction in the area, in which much of the road hugs coastline affectionately known as the Shipwreck Coast, providing visibility of Bass Strait and the Southern Ocean. The road traverses rainforests, as well as beaches and cliffs composed of limestone and sandstone, which is susceptible to erosion. The road travels via Anglesea, Lorne, Apollo Bay, and Port Campbell, the latter being notable for its natural limestone and sandstone rock formations including Loch Ard Gorge, The Grotto, London Arch and The Twelve Apostles.
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Grovedale, Victoria
Grovedale is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
The suburb is bounded by the Waurn Ponds Creek, Rossack Drive, Boundary Road and Barwarre Road.
It was originally named Germantown due to several families of Lutheran German origin who arrived in 1849 and the community expanded during the 1860s.
In September 1915, after the outbreak of the first world war, the South Barwon Council changed the named to Grovedale - the name of a nearby property bought by Alexander Pennell in 1847. The Post Office was renamed on 1 March 1916.
A Post Office had opened on 21 January 1860. There were also two hotels, two flour mills, two tanneries and four wool-washing businesses.
The hilly country and volcanic soil were ideal for orchards and vineyards. The area earned a significant reputation for its bad smell and was Victoria's largest wine-producing region, thanks to the efforts of Swiss migrants.
Residential expansion commenced in Grovedale in the late 1960s, the first housing estates branching off the Surfcoast Highway. Later expansion throughout the 1970s to the 1990s moved to the west along Church Street, Pioneer Road, and Heyers Road.
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Hamilton, Victoria
Hamilton is a city in western Victoria, Australia. It is located at the intersection of the Glenelg Highway (from Ballarat to Mount Gambier) and the Henty Highway (from Portland to Horsham). The Hamilton Highway connects it to Geelong.
Hamilton is in the federal Division of Wannon, and is in the Southern Grampians local government area.
Hamilton claims to be the "Wool Capital of the World", based on its strong historical links to sheep grazing which continue today.
Hamilton was built near the border of three traditional indigenous tribal territories: the Gunditjmara land that stretches south to the coast, the Tjapwurong land to the north east and the Bunganditj territory to the west. People who lived in these areas tended to be settled rather than nomadic. The region was (and is) fertile and well-watered, leading to an abundance of wildlife, and no need to travel far for food. Physical remains such as the weirs and fish traps found in Lake Condah to the south of Hamilton, as well as accounts of early white settlers support local indigenous oral histories of well established settlements in the area.
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Herne Hill, Victoria
Herne Hill is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Coordinates: 38°07′58″S 144°19′50″E / 38.1329°S 144.3305°E / -38.1329; 144.3305
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Highton, Victoria
Highton is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is bordered by the Barrabool Hills and Wandana Heights to the west, the Barwon River to the north and east, the former Kardinia Creek to the south-east, and the Princes Highway and Pigdons Road to the south.
Grazier John Highett set up a farm and finished building his house on a hill overlooking the Barwon River in 1837. Later his property became the Montpellier vineyard, hotel and picnic ground. Highton was named after an abbreviation of his name. Reserves and reservoirs in this beautiful suburb still bear the Montpellier name.
The district had been extensively subdivided by the mid-1860s and boasted a hotel, a post office (opened on 1 December 1864) and a population of about 300 people. Vineyards, orchards and farmland were the major commercial activities for some decades. Between 1927 and 1933, two major orphanages and the Glastonbury children's home were opened in the suburb.
Residential development reached Highton by the post war 1950s, the scenic hills overlooking the Barwon River valley being popular with residents. The Highton shopping centre in Bellevue Avenue was constructed in the mid 1960s. Highton Post Office moved here in 1965 and a Highton South office opened the same year. Kardinia Creek separating the suburb from Belmont was placed underground. Further residential expansion continued southwards and by the 1990s housing had reached the Glastonbury Drive area.
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HM Prison Geelong
HM Prison Geelong was a maximum security Australia prison located on the corner of Myers Street and Swanston Street in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The prison was built in stages from 1849 to 1864. Its panopticon design is based on Pentonville Prison in England. The prison was officially closed in 1991 and prisoners were moved to the newly built HM Prison Barwon in Lara.
The gaol was built by prisoners who slept on high security barges on Corio Bay during construction. The three-storey central block is cruciform with east and west wings serving as cells, the north wing as an administration block, and the southern wing as a kitchen, hospital and a tailoring workshop. The Australian Army used the prison as a detention barracks during, and for a few years after, World War II.
The government closed the gaol in 1991 and the Rotary Club of Geelong now operates it as a public service project. It is open to the public on Saturdays, Sundays and daily during public and school holidays. The gaol remains mostly unchanged. A gallows exhibit recreates the 1863 hanging of James Murphy, who battered Constable Daniel O'Boyle to death at the Warrnambool court house. He was the last person hanged at the gaol. Cell 47 is of special interest as it contains a mural painted on a wall by a prisoner, titled Window of Freedom.
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Hobart
Hobart ( /ˈhoʊbɑrt/) is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Founded in 1804 as a penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. In 2009, the city had a greater area population of approximately 212,019. A resident of Hobart is known as a "Hobartian". The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the Derwent River. The skyline is dominated by Mount Wellington at 1,271 metres (4,170 ft) high. The city is the financial and administrative heart of Tasmania, also serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations.
Hobart was named Australia's 6th most sustainable city, by the Australian Conservation Foundation in 2010. For economic and social innovation, Hobart was the 11th placed in Australia in 2009, and listed as an innovation influencer city in the Innovation Cities Global Index scoring equal with Reykjavik, Katowice and Casablanca by 2thinknow.
The first settlement began in 1803 as a penal colony at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the Derwent River, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. In 1804 it was moved to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove. The city, initially known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the Colonial Secretary. The area's indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe. Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, completely destroyed the aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in his Voyage of the Beagle:
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Indented Head
Indented Head is a small coastal township located on the Bellarine Peninsula, east of Geelong, in the Australian state of Victoria. The town lies on the coast of the Port Phillip bay between the towns of Portarlington and St Leonards.
Indented Head was named by the explorer Matthew Flinders in April 1802 when he observed the shape of the Bellarine Peninsula coastline from the summit of Arthurs Seat, across Port Phillip. For many years the name Indented Head was applied to the whole of the Bellarine Peninsula. Flinders was at that time in the process of completing the first circumnavigation of Australia, undertaken between December 1801 and June 1803, making a detailed survey of the coastline for the British government, sailing aboard the HMS Investigator.
In 1835, the Tasmanian colonist John Batman set up his base camp for the land speculation company Port Phillip Association at Indented Head while he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) to collect his family and additional provisions. He left the small base camp in the care of his ex-convict servants William Todd and Gumm and 5 Aboriginal members of his party whom John Batman called Bullett, Bungett, Old Bull, Pigeon and Joe the Marine. Some of these Aborigines had been brought from Sydney to Tasmania by John Batman. John Batman employed mainland Aborigines hired in Sydney, New South Wales, for 'roving parties' hunting Tasmanians. Between 1828 and 1830, Tasmanians in north-eastern Tasmania were shot or rounded up by bounty hunters like John Batman.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Kalgoorlie
Coordinates: 30°44′56″S 121°27′58″E / 30.749°S 121.466°E / -30.749; 121.466
Kalgoorlie, known as Kalgoorlie-Boulder, is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, and is located 595 kilometres (370 mi) east-northeast of state capital Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. The town was founded in 1893 during the Yilgarn-Goldfields gold rush, and is located close to the so-called "Golden Mile".
As at the 2006 census, it had a population of 28,250, making it the largest urban centre in the Goldfields-Esperance region and the fifth-largest in Western Australia.
The name Kalgoorlie is derived from the Wangai word Karlkurla, meaning "place of the silky pears".[citation needed]
In January 1893, prospectors Patrick (Paddy) Hannan, Tom Flanagan, and Dan O'Shea were travelling to Mount Youle when one of their horses cast a shoe. During the halt in their journey, the men noticed signs of gold in the area, and decided to stay put. On 17 June 1893, Hannan filed a Reward Claim, leading to hundreds of men swarming to the area in search of gold and Kalgoorlie, originally called Hannan's, was born.
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Lara, Victoria
Lara is a residential rural suburb, 15 km north-east of Geelong, inland from the Princes Freeway to Melbourne.
The explorers Hume and Hovell arrived at Lara on December 16, 1824, believing that they had reached Westernport Bay. They recorded that the Aboriginals described the bay as Jullong and land as Corago, suggesting origins for the names of Geelong and Corio.
The area was originally named Kennedy's Creek but was also given several different names including Duck Ponds, Hovell's Creek, Cheddar, Swindon and Lara Lake. The area of Lara was no more than a few farms at this time.
The railway though the town was opened in 1857 along with the local railway station, with several subdivisions then announced. A Post Office opened on March 1, 1858 as Duck Ponds (Hovell's Creek in 1872 and finally Lara in 1884). The population grew to a few hundred by 1890, and several facilities like schools and churches were built, but town water did not extend to the town until 1947.
In January 1969, 17 people were killed in bushfires which ravaged Lara. Most of the victims were trapped by the fast-moving grass fire while travelling on the Princes Highway.
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Launceston, Tasmania
Launceston ( /ˈlɒnsəstən/, often mispronounced /ˈlɔːnsəstən/) is a city in the north of the state of Tasmania, Australia at the junction of the North Esk and South Esk rivers where they become the Tamar River. Launceston is the second largest city in Tasmania after the state capital Hobart. With a population (greater urban and statistical sub division) of 106,153, Launceston is the ninth largest non-capital city in Australia.
Settled by Europeans in March 1806, Launceston is one of Australia's oldest cities and is home to many historic buildings. Like many Australian places, it was named after a town in the United Kingdom – in this case, Launceston, Cornwall.
Launceston has also been home to several firsts such as the first use of anaesthetic in the Southern Hemisphere, the first Australian city to have underground sewers and the first Australian city to be lit by hydroelectricity. The city has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons.
The first inhabitants of the area of Launceston were largely nomadic Tasmanian Aborigines believed to have been part of the North Midlands Tribe. Walter George Arthur who petitioned Queen Victoria in 1847 while interned with other Tasmanian Aborigines on Flinders Island. lived for several years around Launceston, Tasmania as one of numerous homeless children, before being taken into custody by George Augustus Robinson who sent him to the Boy's Orphan School in Hobart in 1832. .
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Leopold, Victoria
Leopold is a residential eastern suburb of Geelong and is a gateway to the Bellarine Peninsula.
The area was formerly known as Kensington. The Post Office opened as Kensington on 19 May 1858, and was renamed Kensington Hill in 1882, Leopold Hill in 1884 and Leopold in 1885.
The Bellarine Rail Trail passes through Leopold. The Gateway Plaza is situated on the corner of the Bellarine Peninsula and Melaluka road, it is home to Coles, Red Rooster, Panache and other shops. Leopold is constructing four new residential developments called the Kensington Estate, the Estuary Estate, the Debionair Heights Estate and the Gateway Estate. Many of the available land has been sold. Houses are either in construction and others near finished.
The town has an Australian rules football team competing in the Geelong Football League.
As of 2011, Leopold consists of three sources of education.
Coordinates: 38°11′S 144°28′E / 38.183°S 144.467°E / -38.183; 144.467
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Lewis Bandt Bridge
The Lewis Bandt Bridge is an Australian feature bridge over the Moorabool River, close to the southern end of Stage 2 of the Geelong Ring Road.
Section 2 from the Midland Highway to the Hamilton Highway at Fyansford, (along with Section 1), was officially opened on Sunday, 14 December 2008. Two days of torrential rain beforehand threatened to disrupt the opening, however it went ahead as planned after a cessation of the storm. The opening carried was out by Victorian Premier John Brumby, who announced the naming of the bridge as the "Lewis Bandt Bridge", in honour of the Ford Australia engineer who is credited as the inventor of the Utility vehicle, in Geelong..
The bridge under construction in 2007, viewed from the north.
The bridge under construction in 2007
Coordinates: 38°8′1.464″S 144°18′27.0828″E / 38.13374°S 144.307523°E / -38.13374; 144.307523
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Lightning (clipper)
Lightning was a clipper ship, one of the last really large clippers to be built in the USA. She was built by Donald McKay for James Baines of the Black Ball Line, Liverpool, for the Australia trade.
It has been said that the Lightning was the most extreme example of a type of ship classified as an extreme clipper.
Her builder was the famous Donald McKay of Boston, a follower of John Willis Griffiths and his principles of ship design. Lightning is a prime example of a change in thinking that turned builders away from shaping ships' hulls like cod's heads and mackerel tails. She had 16 feet (4.9 m) of concavity in her bows and a beautiful fine run, yet she also had a moderate deadrise and a good full midsection with tumblehome, allowing her to be fast yet stable with good sail-carrying ability.
When Lightning was built in 1854 in Boston, America's clipper boom was on the wane. The Australian gold rush was on, however, and McKay was building ships for James Baines of the "Black Ball Line" (house flag featured a black disk ("ball") on a red background) in Liverpool. Baines needed to transport passengers and cargo to Australia and had been impressed by the huge American ships. Lightning was powerfully and heavily constructed to handle the heavy seas and storms of the Australian run. Only the finest materials went into her construction. She cost ₤30,000 to build, and Baines put in another ₤2,000 in interior decoration, adding fine woods, marble, gilding and stained glass. It is said that her rooms rivaled those of the later Queen Mary. An on-ship newspaper called the Lightning Gazette was published for the passengers and crew.
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Mackay, Queensland
Mackay is a city on the eastern coast of Queensland, Australia, about 970 kilometres (603 mi) north of Brisbane, on the Pioneer River. Mackay is nicknamed the sugar capital of Australia because its region produces more than a third of Australia's cane sugar.
There is controversy about the geographic location of the region, with most people referring to it as a part of either Central Queensland or North Queensland, though much confusion still lies within the Queensland Government, with government services being provided through both Townsville (North Queensland) and Rockhampton (Central Queensland). Generally, the area is known as the Mackay–Whitsunday Region. Equally, there has always been much contention over the pronunciation of the name Mackay. Correspondence received by Mackay City Library in 2007, from descendants of John Mackay, confirms that the correct pronunciation is /məˈkaɪ/ (rhyming with sky), from the Gaelic name "MacAoidh" which is pronounced "i" not "ay".
One of the first Europeans to travel through the Mackay region was Captain James Cook, who reached the Mackay coast on 1 June 1770 and named several local landmarks, including Cape Palmerston, Slade Point and Cape Hillsborough. It was during this trip that the Endeavour's botanist, Sir Joseph Banks, briefly recorded seeing Aboriginals. The City of Mackay was later founded on Yuibera traditional lands.
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Mandurah
Coordinates: 32°31′44″S 115°43′23″E / 32.529°S 115.723°E / -32.529; 115.723
Mandurah ( /ˈmændʒʉrɑː/, /ˈmændʒrə/ or /ˈmændʉrə/) is the second-largest city in Western Australia and is located approximately 72 kilometres (45 mi) south of the state capital, Perth.
The city attracts a large number of tourists, including many international visitors.[citation needed] The city centre foreshore is home to a variety of wildlife including dolphins, pelicans, shags, and an abundance of marine life including the blue manna crab which has become synonymous with the area. The city is also known for its protected waterways, beaches and boating and fishing activities.[citation needed]
Mandurah has grown from isolated holiday communities along the shores of the Peel-Harvey Estuary to a major regional city in just over a decade, in a similar vein to the Gold Coast in Eastern Australia, in recent times forming a conurbation with nearby Rockingham and the capital Perth along the coast.
Mandurah has also become a popular lifestyle alternative for Perth retirees and its connection with the Perth CBD has been strengthened with the opening of the Perth-Mandurah railway line in December 2007 and a direct road connection to the Kwinana Freeway built by late 2010. A housing affordability survey of 227 cities in 2008 ranked it the least affordable city in Australia.
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Marshall, Victoria
Marshall, formerly known as Marshalltown, is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
The section of the locality south of the Marshall Railway Station is part of the large Armstrong Creek Growth Area with development beginning in 2010.
The first Marshalltown Post Office opened on 8 November 1873, closing in 1911 when the Marshall Railway Station office opened. This was renamed Marshalltown in 1915 and closed in 1979.
Coordinates: 38°12′S 144°22′E / 38.2°S 144.367°E / -38.2; 144.367
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Melbourne
Melbourne ([ˈmelbən, -bn̩, ˈmæl-],rhotically /ˈmɛlbərn/) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2010, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of four million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians or Melbournians.
The metropolis is located on the large natural bay known as Port Phillip, with the city centre positioned at the estuary of the Yarra River (at the northernmost point of the bay). The metropolitan area then extends south from the city centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterland. The city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities.
Melbourne was founded in 1835 (47 years after the European settlement of Australia) by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land. It was named by governor Richard Bourke in 1837, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb—the 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847. In 1851, it became the capital city of the newly created colony of Victoria. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it then served as the interim seat of government of the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
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Melbourne Cup
The Melbourne Cup is Australia's major Thoroughbred horse race. Marketed as "the race that stops a nation", it is a 3,200 metre race for three-year-olds and over. It is the richest "two-mile" handicap in the world, and one of the richest turf races. Conducted by the Victoria Racing Club on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, the event starts at 3pm (daylight saving time) the first Tuesday in November.
The race has been held since 1861 (see list of Melbourne Cup winners) and was originally held over two miles (about 3,218 metres) but following preparation for Australia's adoption of the metric system in the 1970s, the current race distance of 3,200 metres was established in 1972. This reduced the distance by 18.688 metres (61.31 ft), and Rain Lover's 1968 race record of 3min.19.1sec was accordingly adjusted to 3min.17.9sec. The present record holder is the 1990 winner Kingston Rule with a time of 3min 16.3sec.
The race is a quality handicap for horses 3 years old and over, run over a distance of 3,200 metres, on the first Tuesday in November at Flemington Racecourse. The minimum handicap weight is 49 kg. There is no maximum weight, but the top allocated weight must not be less than 57 kg. The weight allocated to each horse is declared by the VRC Handicapper in early September.
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Moolap, Victoria
Moolap is a residential and industrial suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The name Moolap is derived from an Aboriginal word for nearby Point Henry, moo-laa, thought to mean 'men gathering to go fishing'. Moolap in Aboriginal tongue means "Shady Place"[citation needed].
The first Moolap Post Office opened on 1 May 1864 and closed in 1890. A Point Henry Post Office opened on 1 January 1867 which was replaced by Moolap Railway Station in 1887 and by Moolap in 1893. This latter office closed in 1962. A Geelong East office open since 1871 was renamed Moolap West in 1921 and closed in 1951.
In 1888, Richard Cheetham established his saltworks at Moolap - an industry which survived more than 100 years.
Some events in the history of Moolap:
Pre-European Settlement the area inhabited by Bengalat balug (Clan) of the Wathaurong Tribe
First European explorers were Lieutenant John Murray (January 1802) and Captain Matthew Flinders (April 1802)
1803 to 1835 - William Buckley the first European living in the area
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Moorabool River
The Moorabool River is a river in Victoria, Australia that runs past several small towns and areas such as Meredith, Anakie, and Staughton Vale (north-west of Geelong). The river joins with the Barwon River at Fyansford.
The river features several historic bridges, many built in colonial bluestone.
Batesford was originally the site of a ford over the Moorabool River.
The first bridge at Batesford was built by the Corio and Bannockburn shire councils in 1846. Provided with a tollgate, the wooden bridge was located upstream from the ford, and collapsed in 1847. It was again rebuilt in wood in 1848, and was damaged by flood in 1852 and later repaired. A bluestone bridge was built in 1859, which still exists today as a service road. The current concrete bridge of the Midland Highway was built in 1972 on a new alignment.
The first river crossing at Fyansford was again a ford.
The first wooden bridge was built downriver from the ford by the Shire of Corio and Shire of Bannockburn in 1854, and was tolled until 1877. It was in poor condition by 1898, with load restrictions being put into place. A new bridge was built nearby in 1900 by John Monash and J. T. N. Anderson, the three arch bridge being the largest Monier reinforced concrete bridge in world at the time.
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Moorabool, Victoria
Moorabool is a bounded rural locality of the City of Greater Geelong Local Government Area in Victoria, Australia.
Moorabool Post Office opened on 1 October 1861 and closed in 1960.
Coordinates: 38°03′32″S 144°16′44″E / 38.059°S 144.279°E / -38.059; 144.279
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Moriac, Victoria
Moriac is a rural town in Victoria, Australia, located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Geelong. It forms part of the Surf Coast Shire. At the 2006 census, Moriac had a population of 594.
The town was surveyed in the 1920s as a village based around the Moriac station on the Port Fairy line, which had been founded to serve the adjacent community of Mount Moriac. The railway had opened in 1876, followed by the Wensleydale branch line which left the main line here, which opened in 1890 and closed in 1948. The Post Office had opened on 1 August 1854 as Duneed, and was renamed Mount Moriac in 1864 and Moriac around 1909.
The town was initially slow to develop, but survived the closure of the railway line and grew to house a population of several hundred. Though still heavily rural in nature, the town now largely serves as a satellite village of Geelong, with many residents commuting into the city to work.
The town is home to Moriac Primary School, which has approximately 200 students, a hotel, and a number of shops. It also has a kindergarten.
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Mornington Peninsula
The Mornington Peninsula is a peninsula located south-east of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. It is surrounded by Port Phillip to the west, Western Port to the east and Bass Strait to the south, and is connected to the mainland in the north. Geographically, the peninsula begins its protrusion from the mainland in the area between Pearcedale and Frankston. The area was originally home to the Mayone-bulluk clan and formed part of the Boonwurrung nation's territory prior to European settlement.
Much of the peninsula has been cleared for agriculture and settlements. However, small areas of the native ecology remain in the peninsula's south and west, some of which is protected by the Mornington Peninsula National Park. Around 135,000 people live on the peninsula, most in the small towns on its western shorelines which are sometimes regarded as outlying suburbs of greater Melbourne. During the summer months, the population can swell to around 250,000 people.
The peninsula is primarily a local tourist region, with popular natural attractions such as the variety of beaches both sheltered and open-sea and many scenic sights and views. Other popular attractions include the various wineries, mazes and the diverse array of water sports made available by the diversity of beaches and calm waters of Port Phillip and Western Port. Most visitors to the peninsula are residents of Melbourne who camp, rent villas and share houses or stay in private beach houses. It is known simply as "The Peninsula" to locals and Melburnians alike, giving rise to the expression "going down the peninsula".
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Morwell, Victoria
Morwell is a city in central Gippsland, a region in the east of Victoria. Morwell is the heart of Victoria's energy centre, the Latrobe Valley. It is also the administrative centre for the City of Latrobe. The name Morwell is believed to have been derived from the Aboriginal term More willie, meaning 'woolly possum'.
The earliest inhabitants of the Morwell district were the Gunai Indigenous Australians ( Sometimes spelled Kurnai). Their first contact with Europeans would have been with pastoralists who came south from the Monaro region of New South Wales in the 1840s in search of pasture for their stock.
In 1841, McMillan and Strzelecki made journeys of exploration through the region which would later be named Gippsland and during the 1840s the squatting runs of Maryvale, Merton Rush and Hazelwood were taken up in the area which is now Morwell.
The 1870s were a time of railway building in Victoria. In 1873 the government approved the construction of a railway line from Melbourne to Sale and it was this decision which gave rise to the development of the township of Morwell.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (
i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] (
listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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New South Wales
Coordinates: 32°0′S 147°0′E / 32°S 147°E / -32; 147
New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state of Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales encompasses the whole of the Australian Capital Territory. The state capital is Sydney, which is also the state's most populous city. As of June 2010[update], the estimated population was 7,238,819, which was 34.5% of the population of Australia, making it Australia's most populous state. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.
The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island, in addition to the area currently referred to as the state of New South Wales, which was formed during Federation in 1901. New Zealand briefly became a part of New South Wales when it was annexed by Britain in 1840. During the 19th century, large areas were successively separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania (established as a separate colony named Van Diemen's Land in 1825), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851) and Queensland (1859).
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Newcomb, Victoria
Newcomb is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
The Post Office opened on 2 July 1962 as the suburb developed.
The suburb has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Bellarine Football League.
Coordinates: 38°10′12″S 144°23′46″E / 38.17°S 144.396°E / -38.17; 144.396
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Newtown, Victoria
Newtown is an inner western suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is a primarily residential area occupying one of the highest points of urban Geelong, has always been a desirable place of residence and it is the location of many of Geelong's oldest and most valuable properties.
The locality of Chilwell is part of Newtown, and together Newtown and Chilwell were a municipality from 1858 to 1993 after which they were amalgamated with other municipalities to form the City of Greater Geelong in 1993.
Chilwell Post Office opened here on 1 April 1912 (closing in 1993). Bareena Post Office opened in 1911 in the area and remains open.
The Geelong Highland Gathering is an annual Highland Games held at Queens Park and first began in the 1850s.
Queens Park is also the home ground for the Newtown and Chilwell Cricket Club, the most successful team in the Geelong Cricket Association in terms of senior premierships won. The club uses both Stinton Oval (turf) and Shaw Oval (hard wicket). The Queens Park Sporting Complex is currently being refurbished by the City of Greater Geelong and will greatly improve both playing and social facilities for the club. Famous cricketers who played for Newtown include the young Lindsay Hassett, Aaron Finch and Ian Redpath. Bob Merriman, the former Chairman of Cricket Australia, began his administrative career at Newtown and Chilwell Cricket Club.
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Norlane
Norlane is a northern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Norlane is located approximately 7 km from the Geelong central business district and approximately 70 km from the state capital, Melbourne. Situated 1 km from the Port Phillip Bay, Corio Bay, North Shore Beach.
The suburb of Norlane was named after Norman Lane, a local serviceman from the district who died working on the Burma Thai Railway in 1943, after being captured in Singapore.
The Post Office opened on 17 December 1945 as development of the suburb began. Later, the Post Office of Norlane West opened on 13 October 1958.
With the enormous pressure on housing in the early 1950s, residents resorted to small dwellings, tents and partially completed buildings. The Housing Commission of Victoria provided accommodation for families unable to rent or to afford the purchase of their own home.
In 1947 the government Housing Commission began its house-building program in Norlane, and by 1976 when its program was completed there were 2,464 commission houses available for low income renters. Much of the housing was for employees at the nearby Ford Motor Company, International Harvester, Shell, Pilkington Glass, Hendersons and Pivot Phosphate factories.
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Norlane, Victoria
Norlane is a northern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Norlane is located approximately 7 km from the Geelong central business district and approximately 70 km from the state capital, Melbourne. Situated 1 km from the Port Phillip Bay, Corio Bay, North Shore Beach.
The suburb of Norlane was named after Norman Lane, a local serviceman from the district who died working on the Burma Thai Railway in 1943, after being captured in Singapore.
The Post Office opened on 17 December 1945 as development of the suburb began. Later, the Post Office of Norlane West opened on 13 October 1958.
With the enormous pressure on housing in the early 1950s, residents resorted to small dwellings, tents and partially completed buildings. The Housing Commission of Victoria provided accommodation for families unable to rent or to afford the purchase of their own home.
In 1947 the government Housing Commission began its house-building program in Norlane, and by 1976 when its program was completed there were 2,464 commission houses available for low income renters. Much of the housing was for employees at the nearby Ford Motor Company, International Harvester, Shell, Pilkington Glass, Hendersons and Pivot Phosphate factories.
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Northern Territory
Coordinates: 20°0′S 133°0′E / 20°S 133°E / -20; 133
The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east).
To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area—over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division—it is sparsely populated. With a population of 229,675 it is the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories.
The archeological history of the Northern Territory begins over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region. Makassan traders began trading with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory for trepang from at least the 18th century onwards, and very likely for 300 years prior to that.
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Offshore Festival
The Offshore Festival was a camp-out rock and alternative music festival[citation needed] held during Easter at a farm near Torquay, Victoria, Australia in the late 1990s, 2000 and 2001. It was run by the same organisers as the Falls Festival, held at nearby Lorne on New Year's Eve. It interlinked with the major Rip Curl Pro surfing event, held at nearby Bells Beach. The policy reason behind starting the festival was to keep the youth entertained and off the streets of Torquay while the contest was on. Ticketholders had free admission to the Pro, significantly boosting its attendance.
The festival reached its peak in 2000, when it sold a capacity of 20,000 tickets. However, it was plagued by a small group of local residents who campaigned vociferously against the festival. When some of their demands, such as turning the music off at midnight, went unheeded, they began taking legal avenues. This resulted in the festival's inability to obtain a liquor license in 2001, and marked the end of their reign in Torquay. They moved the event to the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds (home of the Big Day Out) the following year, but the event was not successful, drawing a crowd of only 10,000.
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Pako Festa
Pako Festa is an annual festival held in Pakington Street, Geelong West each year around late February. The festival is held to promote cultural diversity and show appreciation for the artwork and fashion designed by citizens of the Geelong area.
The first festival was held in 1983, and currently attracts the participation of around 30 cultural community groups, up to 60 community groups and a total attendance in excess of 100,000 people. It is the largest multicultural festival in Victoria.
The Pako Festa is great for helping the community to come together. By community I mean the whole of Geelong and further. Its a great family event thats free just to roam around.
http://www.pakofesta.com.au/
Coordinates: 38°8′28″S 144°20′54″E / 38.14111°S 144.34833°E / -38.14111; 144.34833
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Point Henry smelter
The Point Henry aluminium smelter is located near Geelong, Victoria in the suburb of Moolap. The smelter has a production capacity of 185,000 tonnes of aluminium a year. It is operated by Alcoa World Alumina and Chemicals Australia, a joint venture between Alcoa (60%) and Alumina Limited (39.25%).Alumina is brought in by ship and unloaded at a dedicated pier, and approximately half of this finished aluminium is sold to the neighbouring Alcoa Australia Rolled Products plant, where aluminium is rolled into sheet for can manufacture. The remainder of the aluminium is despatched by road as ingots. Around 1000 people are employed at the Point Henry plant.
Construction of the smelter at Point Henry commenced in 1960 by the Cavalier Construction Company. Smelting commenced in 1962, with full production commencing on 4 April 1963. The initial electricity supply to the smelter was a 220 kV transmission lines from the Geelong Terminal Station direct to the smelter. When production started, the maximum power demand of the smelter was 39.76 MW. By June 1964 it was 68.38 MW, and by October 1964 76.6 MW - more than the entire Geelong region's demand. November 1965 it was 78.88 MW, February 1967 79.84 MW, and 140 MW by 1969. On 20 March 1969 Alcoa's own brown coal fired Anglesea Power Station was brought on line. Of 150 MW capacity, the power station is connected to the smelter by around 30 km of high voltage transmission lines, and is used to augment the supply from the Victorian electrical grid.
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Port Lincoln
Port Lincoln is a city in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a coastal city situated on Boston Bay at the southern extremity of the Eyre Peninsula. It is the largest city in the West Coast region, and is located approximately 280 kilometres (straight line - 646 km by road) from the capital city Adelaide.
Eyre Peninsula has been home to Aboriginal people for thousands of years, with the Nauo (south western Eyre), Barngarla (eastern Eyre), Wirangu (north western Eyre) and Mirning (far western Eyre) being the predominant original cultural groups present at the time of the arrival of Europeans (Tindale 1974 in DEH 2004a; SATC 1999)
British naval explorer Matthew Flinders discovered the harbour in February 1802. Because of its particularly good harbour, he named it Port Lincoln rather than just Lincoln, where Flinders came from.
It is thought that only the lack of a reliable nearby water supply stopped Port Lincoln becoming the state capital of the future South Australia.[citation needed]. Even as a small town, Port Lincoln outgrew its fresh water supplies, which is now supplied mostly from the underground aquifers to the south of Port Lincoln although recently the great water supply system on Eyre Peninsula has been connected to Murray water via the addition of a link from Kimba to Whyalla to connect into the Morgan to Whyalla pipeline water Morgan.
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Port of Geelong
The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The port is the sixth-largest in Australia by tonnage.
Major commodities handled by the port include crude oil and petroleum products, export grain and woodchips, alumina imports, and fertiliser. Major port industries include Alcoa's Point Henry smelter, AWB Limited's grain elevator, and Shell Australia's Corio oil refinery.
The Port of Geelong handled $5.6 billion worth of bulk cargo in 2004-05, made up of 12 million tonnes of cargo from 543 ship visits.
Before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour. Ships were required to drop anchor in the bay, and cargo was brought into Geelong on small barges. At times it was possible to walk across the bay on the sandbar at low tide.
The first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s. In 1881 a new channel started that took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after Lord Hopetoun who opened it on December 20, 1893.
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Port Pirie
Port Pirie (post code: 5540) (33°11′9″S 138°1′1″E / 33.18583°S 138.01694°E / -33.18583; 138.01694) is the sixth most populous city in South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, Whyalla, Murray Bridge and Port Augusta. It is a seaport located on the east coast of the Spencer Gulf, 224 km (139 mi) north of Adelaide.
The settlement was founded in 1845 and is the site of the world's largest lead smelter, operated by Nyrstar. It also produces refined silver, zinc, copper and gold.
Prior to European settlement, the location that became Port Pirie was occupied by the indigenous tribe of Nukunu. The location was called 'Tarparrie', which is suspected to mean "Muddy Creek". The first European to see the location was Matthew Flinders in 1802 as he explored the Spencer Gulf by boat. The first land discovery by settlers of the location was by the explorer Edward Eyre who explored regions around Port Augusta. John Horrocks also discovered a pass through the Flinders Ranges to the coast, now named Horrocks Pass.
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Portland, Victoria
The city of Portland is the oldest European settlement in what is now the state of Victoria, Australia. It is the main urban centre of the Shire of Glenelg. It is located on Portland Bay.
The bay was named in 1800 by the British navigator James Grant, who sailed in the Lady Nelson along the Victorian coast. "I also distinguished the Bay by the name of Portland Bay, in honour of His Grace the Duke of Portland," wrote Grant. The bay, the only deep sea port between Adelaide and Melbourne, offers a sheltered anchorage against the often wild weather of Bass Strait.
By the early 19th century, whalers and sealers were working the treacherous waters of Bass Stait and Portland Bay provided good shelter and fresh water which enabled them to establish the first white settlement in the area. Whaling captain William Dutton is known to have been resident in the Portland Bay area when the Henty clan arrived and is said to have provided seed potatoes for the Henty garden.
In 1834, Edward Henty and his family, who had migrated from England to Western Australia in 1829, then moved to Van Diemen's Land, ferried some of their stock across the Strait in search of the fine grazing land of the Western District.
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Queensland
Coordinates: 23°0′S 143°0′E / 23°S 143°E / -23; 143 Queensland is the second-largest and third-most populous state of Australia, located in the northeast of the country. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, southwest and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,580,700, concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state's South East. The state is the world's sixth largest subnational entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km2. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australia's third largest city. Referred to as the 'Sunshine State', Queensland is home to 10 of Australia's 30 largest cities and is the nation's third largest economy.
Queensland was first occupied by Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who arrived at least 40,000 years ago. The first European to land in Queensland was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1607. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney; New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania. Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement permitted in 1842. Queensland was separated from New South Wales, forming a self-governing colony, on 6 June 1859, a date now celebrated state-wide as Queensland Day. Queensland achieved statehood with the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901.
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Rippleside, Victoria
Rippleside is a suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The suburb overlooks Corio Bay.
Geelong's early settlers targeted the area which is now Rippleside because of its convenience close to the Melbourne-Geelong Road which runs vertically to Rippleside Park. By 1854 after Geelong settlers choose their lands, The Rippleside Hotel and local General Store were opened. In 1857 the Melbourne-Geelong railway was opened, and the North Geelong railway station was opened and began operating soon after.
The Post Office opened on 19 May 1986, replacing the nearby North Geelong office.
Rippleside Park is located in the suburb of Rippleside; Rippleside adjoins Drumcondra, 2.5 km north of Geelong city on Corio Bay. The locality is part of North Geelong and covers the suburban area bounded by Corio Bay, Victoria Street, Melbourne Road and Rippleside Park.
Rippleside Park is a much sought-after location in Geelong; many of the properties located in the area represent the Victorian history that the area has experienced throughout its life. Rippleside Park is used for many events that happen throughout Geelong. The City Council is responsible for the appearance of the Park.
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Rockhampton
Rockhampton is a city and local government area in Queensland, Australia. The city lies on the Fitzroy River, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the river mouth, and some 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane.
The 2006 census recorded the Rockhampton Statistical Subdivision to have a population of 74,530 people. Rockhampton hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business administrative offices for the central part of the state.
Rockhampton experiences over 300 days of sunshine each year, which lends itself to tourism activities all year round and an abundance of outdoor activities. Popular attractions include Riverbank Parklands, a riverfront parkland attraction located on the banks of Fitzroy River; the Capricorn Coast, the coastal strip between Yeppoon and Emu Park and Great Keppel Island, a large neighbouring island off the Capricorn Coast, the vast majority of which is national park.
The Rockhampton district is the traditional home of the Darumbal Aboriginal people.
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Royal Geelong Show
The Geelong Showgrounds in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, are the home of the Royal Geelong Show, an agricultural show held every year since 1855. The current showgrounds are located in the suburb of Breakwater.
The focus of the Royal Geelong Show is the display of rural industry, including livestock and produce, with associated competitions and awards. The show also features amusement rides, a sideshow alley, and showbags, carry bags full of goodies produced by various commercial enterprises.
The Geelong and Western District Agricultural and Horticultural Society was formed in February 1855. Their first showgrounds site was in East Geelong, south of Eastern Park, and was bounded by Ryrie, Garden, Myers and Normanby Streets. The second showgrounds opened in October 1891, on a new site that ran south from Ormond Road to St Albans Road. A 40 metre long wooden grandstand was provided on this side.
In 1907 the showgrounds were again moved, this time to the new Geelong Racecourse. April 14, 1907, saw the grandstand transported from the old site by Messrs McCoy and Son. Weighing 100 tonnes, it was moved as a whole by a traction engine across the Queenscliff railway line after being placed onto 52 large rollers. The stand remained at the current racecourse until at least the early 1990s.
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Sale, Victoria
Sale is a city in the Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria. It is the seat of the Shire of Wellington as well as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sale and the Anglican Diocese of Gippsland. It has a population (2006) of around 13,336. Sale has seen much redevelopment and development in the past decade one example being the multi-million dollar redevelopment of the city's Port of Sale.
Two famous Gippsland explorers, Paul Strzelecki and Angus McMillan, passed through the immediate area around 1840. The first white settler was Archibald McIntosh who arrived in 1844 and established his 'Flooding Creek' property on the flood plain country which was duly inundated soon after his arrival.
In the 1840s, drovers heading south to Port Albert crossed Flooding Creek and were confronted with the difficult marsh country around the Thomson and Latrobe rivers. A punt operated across the Latrobe River until a toll bridge was erected. A Post Office named Flooding Creek opened here on 30 September 1848 being renamed, somewhat belatedly, as Sale on 1 January 1854.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Shepparton
Shepparton ( /ˈʃɛpərtən/) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in the north east of Victoria, Australia, approximately 181 kilometres (112 mi) north-east of Melbourne. The City of Greater Shepparton is the fifth largest within Victoria with an estimated population of 50,373.
It began as a sheep station and river crossing before undergoing a major transformation as a railway town. Today it is an agricultural and manufacturing centre and the centre of the Goulburn Valley irrigation system, one of the largest centres of irrigation in Australia. It is a major regional service city and is the civic administration centre for the City of Greater Shepparton. The Greater Shepparton area includes surrounding centres of Tatura, Merrigum, Mooroopna, Murchison, Dookie, and Grahamvale.
Shepparton is the tenth most populated inland city of Australia, after Canberra, Toowoomba, Launceston, Albury-Wodonga, Ballarat, Bendigo, the Latrobe Valley, Wagga Wagga and Mildura.
The name of Shepparton is derived from the surname of the town's first settler Sherbourne Sheppard.
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South Australia
Coordinates: 30°0′S 135°0′E / 30°S 135°E / -30; 135
South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state of Australia, located in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres (379,725 sq mi), it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.
South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland states and the Northern Territory. It is bordered to the west by Western Australia, to the north by the Northern Territory, to the north-east by Queensland, to the east by New South Wales, to the south-east by Victoria, and to the south by the Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. With over 1.6 million people, the state comprises less than 8% of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the states and territories. The majority of its people reside in the state capital, Adelaide, with most of the remainder settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray. The state's origins are unique in Australia as a freely settled, planned British province, rather than as a convict settlement. Official settlement began on 28 December 1836, when the colony was proclaimed at The Old Gum Tree by Governor John Hindmarsh.
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Steiglitz, Victoria
Steiglitz is a small town in Victoria, 92 kilometres (57 mi) west of the state capital, Melbourne, Australia, in the Brisbane Ranges. In the early 1850s gold was found near the town, and as a consequence it grew on land belonging to pastoralists from the von Stieglitz family. Following the decline of the Australian gold rushes in the late 1870s the town declined. The last gold mine in the town closed in 1941; the population as of 2006 is less than 100. The Steiglitz Post Office's history closely follows the town's history: it opened on 15 March 1856 and closed in 1966.
Coordinates: 37°52′S 144°10′E / 37.867°S 144.167°E / -37.867; 144.167
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Swan Bay, Victoria
Swan Bay is a bounded rural coastal locality of the City of Greater Geelong between Queenscliff and St Leonards. It is bounded in the west by Portarlington-Queenscliff Road, in the north by Anderson Road, in the east by an offshore line across Swan Bay excluding Swan Island, and in the south by the coastline abutting Queenscliff.
Duck Island is included in the locality, within the Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park (Swan Bay section).
Coordinates: 38°13′37″S 144°39′04″E / 38.227°S 144.651°E / -38.227; 144.651
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Sydney
Sydney ( /sɪdni/) is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is classified as an Alpha+ World City indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.
Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet as a penal colony. The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches including the famous Bondi Beach and Manly Beach. Within the city are many notable parks, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
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Thomson, Victoria
Thomson is a small residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Thomson is triangular in shape and is bounded in the west by Breakwater Road, Carr Street and St Albans Road, in the north by Lomond Terrace, Godfrey and Ensby Streets, and in the east by Ormond and Boundary Roads.
Thomson was named after the early settler and the first mayor of Geelong Dr. Alexander Thomson.
Thomson Post Office opened in 1950 and closed in 1992.
Thomson has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Geelong & District Football League.
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Toowoomba
Toowoomba (nicknamed 'The Garden City') is a city in Southern Queensland, Australia. It is located 127 km (79 mi) west of Queensland's capital city, Brisbane. With an estimated district population of 131,258, Toowoomba is Australia's second largest inland city and its largest non-capital inland city.
A university and cathedral city, Toowoomba hosts the Australian Carnival of Flowers each September, and Easterfest is held annually over the Easter weekend. There are more than 150 public parks and gardens in Toowoomba. It has developed into a regional centre for business and government services.
Toowoomba's colonial history traces back to 1816 when English botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham arrived in Australia from Brazil and in June 1827 discovered 4 million acres (16,000 km²) of rich farming and grazing land, which became known as the Darling Downs, bordered on the east by the Great Dividing Range and situated 100 miles (160 km) west of the settlement of Moreton Bay. Thirteen years later when George and Patrick Leslie established Toolburra Station 56 miles (90 km) south-west of Toowoomba the first settlers arrived on the Downs and established a township of bark-slab shops called The Springs which was soon renamed Drayton. Land for the town was first surveyed in 1849, then again in 1853.
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Torquay
Coordinates: 50°28′45″N 3°31′50″W / 50.4792°N 3.5305°W / 50.4792; -3.5305
Torquay ( /tɔrˈkiː/) is a town in the unitary authority area of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. It lies 22 miles (35 km) south of Exeter along the A380 on the north of Torbay, 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Plymouth and adjoins the neighbouring town of Paignton on the west of the bay. Torquay’s population of 63,998 during the 2001 UK Census made it the third largest settlement in Devon. If the Torbay area, of which Torquay forms a third, were to be recognised as a city, it would rank as the 45th largest city in the United Kingdom with a population only slightly less than that of Brighton, which was granted city status in 2000. During the peak summer season the resort's population swells to around 200,000.
The town's economy was initially based upon fishing and agriculture as in the case of Brixham across Torbay, but in the early 19th century the town began to develop into a fashionable seaside resort, initially frequented by members of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars while the Royal Navy anchored in the bay and later by the crème de la crème of Victorian society as the town's fame spread. Renowned for its healthful climate, the town earned the nickname of the English Riviera and favourable comparisons to Montpellier.
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Torquay, Victoria
Torquay is a township in Victoria, Australia, which faces Bass Strait, 21 km. south of Geelong and is the gateway to the Great Ocean Road. It is bordered on the west by Spring Creek and its coastal features include Point Danger and Zeally Bay. At the 2006 census, Torquay had a population of 6,695.
Wathaurong Aborigines occupied the area before white settlement, with picnickers beginning to frequent the area from the 1860s. The area was settled as Spring Creek in 1871, after the watercourse along the south-western edge. In 1880 more settlers moved to the town, and it was renamed Torquay in 1892 after the seaside town in England. The Post Office opened on 20 August 1894. On 3 April 1908 the Spring Creek bridge was built, connecting the town to Anglesea.
In 1891 the Joseph H. Scammell sailing ship struck the reef near Point Danger in Torquay and subsequently became wedged on the reef and as a result the ship broke up in the heavy seas. The cargo of the Scammell was washed onto the beach of Torquay and was looted, the anchors of the Scammell are still on display at the Torquay front beach and the Torquay boat ramp.
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Traralgon
Traralgon is a regional city located in the Latrobe Valley in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Traralgon is a city within the City of Latrobe.
The origin of the name Traralgon is uncertain. It is popularly believed to be derived from words from the Gunai language: tarra meaning "river" and algon meaning "little fish". However, these words are not reflected in modern linguists' knowledge of the Gunai language, where, for example, the word for river is wun wun or wurn wurn.
The Gippsland region was originally inhabited by the indigenous Gunai people for a period in excess of 2,000 years.[citation needed]
The area around Traralgon was first settled by Europeans in the 1840s soon after being explored by Count Paweł Strzelecki on his return from the Snowy Mountains where he named Australia's highest peak, Mount Kosciuszko. Due to the Latrobe Valley having relatively high rainfall, the land is very fertile, and farming was quickly established. As with much of central and western Gippsland, this was mainly dairy farming.
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Victoria (Australia)
Coordinates: 37°0′S 144°0′E / 37°S 144°E / -37; 144
Victoria is a state of Australia, in the south-east of the country. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania on Boundary Islet to the north, west and south respectively.
Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state, and has a highly centralised population, with almost 75% of Victorians living in Melbourne, the state capital and largest city.
Victoria, like Queensland, was named after Queen Victoria, the monarch at the time.
After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney. The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay, Victoria on Port Phillip. It consisted of 402 people (5 Government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives, and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and 7 children). They had been sent from England in HMS Calcutta under the command of Captain Daniel Woodriff, principally out of fear that the French, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge British rights to the continent.
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View of Geelong
View Of Geelong is an 1856 oil painting on canvas by Eugene von Guerard. The painting is currently owned by the City of Greater Geelong after being purchased from English composer Andrew Lloyd Webber for $3.8M. The purchase is the second highest ever for an Australian work of art, with the top being $5.3M paid by the National Gallery of Australia for a portrait of Captain James Cook by John Webber. [1]
Lloyd Webber paid $1.98 million in 1997. [2]
In 1996, the painting was loaned to the Geelong Art Gallery, where it proved popular .
In 2005, Lloyd Webber offered the painting for sale via auction house Christie's of London, giving the City of Greater Geelong first right of refusal. On July 7, 2006, the City of Greater Geelong purchased the painting for permanent display in the Geelong Art Gallery, after being offered $1.5 million from the Victorian state government and the remainder being sought via a community fundraising appeal.
Coordinates: 38°08′50.42″S 144°21′26.60″E / 38.1473389°S 144.357389°E / -38.1473389; 144.357389
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Wagga Wagga
Wagga Wagga ( /ˈwɒɡəˈwɒɡə/WOG-ə WOG-ə; informally called Wagga) is a city in New South Wales, Australia. Straddling the Murrumbidgee River, and with an urban population of 46,735 people, Wagga Wagga is the state's largest inland city, as well as an important agricultural, military, and transport hub of Australia. The city is located midway between the two largest cities in Australia, Sydney and Melbourne, and is the major regional centre for the Riverina and South West Slopes regions.
The central business district is focused around the commercial and recreational grid bounded by Best and Tarcutta Streets and the Murrumbidgee River and the Sturt Highway. The main shopping street of Wagga is Baylis Street which becomes Fitzmaurice Street at the northern end. The city is located in an alluvial valley and much of the city has a problem with urban salinity.
The original inhabitants of the Wagga Wagga region were the Wiradjuri people. In 1829, Charles Sturt became the first European explorer to visit the future site of the city. Squatters arrived soon after, leading to conflict with the indigenous inhabitants. The town, positioned on the site of a ford across the Murrumbidgee, was surveyed and gazetted as a village in 1849 and the town grew quickly after. In 1870, the town was gazetted as a municipality.
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Wallington, Victoria
Wallington is a rural township near Geelong. At the 2006 census, the town and surrounding area had a population of 1,353.
The township was settled in the early 1870s, the Post Office opening on February 22, 1872.
Its surrounding suburbs are Leopold, Curlewis, Ocean Grove and Marcus Hill.
It is well known for its popular annual strawberry festival, the Wallington Strawberry Fair, a fundraising event held by Wallington Primary School. A popular water theme park, Adventure Park is located on the outskirts of the township.
Coordinates: 38°12′S 144°29′E / 38.2°S 144.483°E / -38.2; 144.483
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Wangaratta
Wangaratta ( /wæŋɡəˈrætə/) is a cathedral city of almost 17,000 people in the northeast of Victoria, Australia, about 230 km (140 mi) from Melbourne along the Hume Highway, with Benalla 45 km (28 mi) to the southwest, and Albury-Wodonga 72 km (45 mi) to the northeast. It is located at the junction of the Ovens and King rivers which flow from the Victorian Alps. It the administrative centre and most populous city in the Rural City of Wangaratta local government area.
Historically, there was disagreement about whether the first syllable should be pronounced "Wong" or "Wang". The "Wong" pronunciation was never used by a majority of the population, and never received any wide currency outside the district. It was officially disavowed by the Wangaratta City Council's declaration in favour of the "Wang" pronunciation in the 1980s. Some locals, particularly the elderly, continue to use the "Wong" pronunciation.
The city's name may be informally abbreviated to "Wang", analogously to "Shep" (Shepparton), "Yack" (Yackandandah) and "Yarra" (Yarrawonga).
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Warrnambool
Warrnambool is a regional city located on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia in the City of Warrnambool Local Government Area. The city has a population of 33,922. It is situated on the Princes Highway and is near the western end of the Great Ocean Road.
The word Warrnambool originates from the local Indigenous Australians name for a nearby volcanic cone. It is interpreted to mean many things including land between two rivers, two swamps or ample water.[citation needed]
A popular legend is that the first Europeans to discover Warrnambool were Cristóvão de Mendonça and his crew who surveyed the coastline nearby and were marooned near the site of the present town as early as the 16th century, based on the unverified reports of local whaler's discovery of the wreck of a mahogany ship. The ship's provenance has been variously attributed to France, China, Spain and Portugal. There is no physical evidence to suggest that the Mahogany Ship existed.
The Lady Nelson under Lieutenant James Grant sailed along the coast in December 1800 and named several features, followed by Matthew Flinders in the Investigator and French explorer Nicholas Baudin, who recorded coastal landmarks, in 1802. The area was frequented by whalers early in the 19th century.
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Waurn Ponds
Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
The suburb is bounded by Rossack Drive, Princes Highway, the Geelong to Warnambool railway, Reservoir Road, Draytons Road, Pigdons Road, Deakin University and Honeys Road.
The town was named after the Waurn chain of ponds, a watercourse that flows from Mount Moriac over 30 km into the Barwon River. Two early hotels - the Victoria Inn (1845-60) and the Waurn Ponds Inn (1856) were located on the Princes Highway serving travellers on the road. The Albert and Victoria vineyards, owned by David Pettavel, began growing grapes in 1848 and the area was better known as Pettavel in the 1860s. The Pettavel Post Office opened on 12 January 1865 and remained open until 1952. The Waurn Ponds Post Office opened on 1 December 1871 and closed in 1968.
A quarry for limestone was opened in the 1840s, with quarrying continuing from 1964 to today at the nearby Blue Circle Southern cement works. Kilns for making mortar lime operated until the 1970s.
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Western Australia
Coordinates: 26°0′S 121°0′E / 26°S 121°E / -26; 121
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state and the second-largest subnational entity in the world. The state has approximately 2.3 million inhabitants (around 10% of the national total), the majority of whom live in the south-west corner of the state.
The first European to visit Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The British established a military outpost at King George Sound, near present-day Albany, in 1826, which was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, including the townsite of the present-day capital, Perth.
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Whyalla
Whyalla is the third most populous city in the Australian state of South Australia after Adelaide and Mount Gambier. It is a seaport located on the east coast of the Eyre Peninsula.
It was founded as Hummock's Hill in 1901 by the Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) as the end of a tramway bringing iron ore from the Middleback Ranges to be used in the lead smelters at Port Pirie as flux. A jetty was built to transfer the ore. The settlement consisted of small cottages and tents clustered around the base of the hill. The Post Office opened in 1901 as Hummock's Hill and was renamed Whyalla on 1 November 1919.
The arid environment and lack of natural fresh water resources made it necessary to import water in barges from Port Pirie.
In 1905 the town's first school opened. It was originally called Hummock Hill School, and was subsequently renamed as Whyalla Primary School and Whyalla Higher Primary School. The school's current name is Whyalla Town Primary School.
On 16 April 1920 the town was proclaimed as Whyalla. The ore conveyor on the jetty was improved and ore began to be shipped to the newly built Newcastle, New South Wales steelworks. The town grew slowly until 1938.
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Winchelsea, Victoria
Winchelsea is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is in the Surf Coast Shire local government area and located on the Barwon River 115 km south-west of Melbourne and close to Geelong (37 km north-east).
The first Europeans to reside in the area were squatters who established grazing runs there c. 1837. Thomas Austin migrated from Tasmania and occupied the present day site of Winchelsea in 1837. The area was then called Austin's Ford. Austin built up his estate of Barwon Park to 29,000 acres (12,000 ha), including a mansion which still stands today.
The town developed around the Barwon Inn, established in 1842 by Prosper Nicholas Trebeck and Charles Beal [1]. The Post Office opened as Barwon on 1 July 1848 and was renamed Winchelsea in 1854. The railway though the town was opened in 1876, as part of the line to the south west of the state. The local railway station is served by V/Line passenger services on the Warrnambool line.
The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Geelong & District Football League.
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Wodonga, Victoria
Wodonga ( /wəˈdɒŋɡə/) is a small city on the Victorian side of the border with New South Wales, 300 kilometres (190 mi) north-east of Melbourne, Australia. Adjacent to Wodonga across the border is the New South Wales city of Albury. Wodonga is located wholly within the boundaries of the City of Wodonga LGA. Its population is approximately 30,000 people, and with Albury forms an urban area with approximately 90,000 people.
Founded as a customs post with its twin city Albury on the other side of the Murray River, the town grew subsequent to the opening of the first bridge across the Murray in 1860. Originally named Wodonga its name was changed to Belvoir then later back to Wodonga. The Post Office opened 1 June 1856 although known as Belvoir until 26 July 1869. It has been regarded as the smaller, less prosperous cousin of the two (once commonly referred to by locals as 'Struggle Town'). Whilst still somewhat smaller than Albury, economic growth in both areas has ameliorated such distinctions.
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Wollongong
Wollongong ( /ˈwʊləŋɡɒŋ/ WUUL-ləng-gong) is a seaside city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the narrow coastal strip between the Illawarra Escarpment and the Pacific Ocean, 82 kilometres (51 mi) south of Sydney. Wollongong Statistical District has a population of 292,190, making Wollongong the third largest city in New South Wales after Sydney and Newcastle, and the ninth largest city in Australia.
The Wollongong metropolitan area extends from Scarborough in the north to Shellharbour in the south. It sits within the Wollongong Statistical District, which covers the local authority areas of Wollongong, Shellharbour and Kiama, extending from the town of Helensburgh in the north to Gerroa in the south Geologically, the city is located in the south-eastern part of the Sydney basin, which extends from Newcastle to Nowra.
Wollongong is noted for its heavy industry, its port activity and the quality of its physical setting, occupying a narrow coastal plain between an almost continuous chain of surf beaches and the cliffline of the rainforest-covered Illawarra escarpment. It has two cathedrals, churches of many denominations and the Nan Tien Temple, one of the largest Buddhist temples in the southern hemisphere. Wollongong has a long history of coalmining and industry. The city attracts many tourists each year, and is a regional centre for the South Coast fishing industry. The University of Wollongong has around 22,000 students and is internationally recognised.
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You Yangs
The You Yangs are a series of granite ridges that rise to 364m (Flinders Peak) above the Werribee Plain approximately 55km south west of Melbourne and 22km north east of Geelong, in Victoria, Australia. The main ridge runs roughly N-S for about 9 km, with a lower extension running for about 15 km to the west. Much of the southern parts of the ranges are protected by the You Yangs Regional Park.
Although only 364 m at their highest, they dominate the landscape and are clearly identifiable from nearby Geelong, Melbourne and beyond. Camping is not permitted in the You Yangs. The foothills to the north of the peaks are home to Ford Australia's proving ground.
The You Yangs are also the home of a Geoglyph constructed by the Australian artist Andrew Rogers in recognition of the indigenous people of the area. It depicts Bunjil, a mythical creature to the local Wautharong Aborigines. The creature has a wing span of 100 metres and 1500 tonnes of rock was used to construct it, and was unveiled in March 2006.
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Arthur Phillip
Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was the first Governor of New South Wales, and founder of the settlement which became Sydney.
After much experience at sea, including command of a ship that was saved in a storm by convicts, Phillip sailed with the First Fleet, as Governor-designate of the proposed British penal colony of New South Wales. In February 1788, he selected its location to be Port Jackson (now Sydney Harbour).
Phillip was a far-sighted governor, who soon saw that New South Wales would need a civil administration and a system for emancipating the convicts. But his plan to bring skilled tradesmen on the voyage had been rejected, and he faced immense problems of labour, discipline and supply. Also his friendly attitude towards the aborigines was sorely tested when they killed his gamekeeper, and he was not able to assert a clear policy about them.
The arrival of the Second and Third Fleets placed new pressures on the scarce local resources, but by the time Phillip sailed home in December 1792, the colony was taking shape, with official land-grants and systematic farming and water-supply.
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Barry Crocker
Barry Hugh Crocker OAM (born 4 November 1935, in Geelong, Victoria,Australia) is a popular Australian singer, with a crooning vocal style.
After undergoing National Service with the RAAF in 1955, Crocker toured with a theatre group and did the club circuit in Melbourne, followed by a partnership with David Clark (aka Dave Nelson), and performed in England and the United States. He returned to Australia to star in a TV musical comedy show called 66 And All That, which became The Barry Crocker Show (1966–67) on Network Ten.
Barry went on to become the presenter and leading performer on The Sound Of Music TV series, which earned him a Gold Logie in 1970 as Australia's top (male) TV personality. His singing talents eventually earned him over 30 gold records.
Barry made his acting debut on a 1969 episode of Skippy the Bush Kangaroo.
In May 1973 he released the album "Music Makes My Day", featuring an updated version of Robin Luke's "Susie Darlin" on the Festival label. The recording featured Olivia Newton-John and Pat Carroll on backup vocals and enjoyed chart success, reaching Number 25 in Sydney, Number 7 in Melbourne, Number 3 in Brisbane and Adelaide.
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Charles Grimes
Charles Grimes (24 February 1772 – 19 February 1858) was an English-born surveyor who did some valuable work in colonial Australia. He served as surveyor-general of New South Wales and discovered the Yarra River in what is now the state of Victoria. He is perhaps best known for being the surveyor who mapped the route of the Hobart Road, Tasmania's main north-south arterial route. Much of the modern Midland Highway still follows the route that he planned.
Grimes was born in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England, son of Joseph Grimes, a laceman, and his wife Esther. Towards the end of 1790 Grimes was appointed deputy surveyor of roads in New South Wales and allocated work at Norfolk Island. Grimes did not arrive at Sydney until 21 September 1791 on the Gorgon. From there he went to Norfolk Island. Soon after his arrival on 4 November 1791, Governor King appointed him deputy surveyor-general of New South Wales.
At Norfolk Island he was employed correcting a previous survey which had been made without proper instruments, and he also undertook some of the administrative work. Grimes returned to Sydney in April 1794 and with the surveyor-general Augustus Alt being in bad health, he was required to take over most of Alt's work. In February 1795 (or 1796) he spent approximately one week at Port Stephens and reported unfavourably on the locality.
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Charles La Trobe
Charles Joseph La Trobe (20 March 1801 – 4 December 1875) was the first lieutenant-governor of the colony of Victoria (now a state of Australia).
La Trobe was born in London, the son of Christian Ignatius Latrobe, a family of Huguenot origin. He was educated in England and later spent time in Switzerland and was active in mountaineering; he made a number of ascents in the Alps 1824-1826. In 1832 he visited the United States along with Count Albert Pourtales, and in 1834 travelled from New Orleans to Mexico with Washington Irving. La Trobe published several travel books describing his experiences: The Alpenstock (1829), The Pedestrian (1832), The Rambler in North America (1835), and The Rambler in Mexico (1836).
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Croats
Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have migrated throughout the world, and established a notable Croatian diaspora. Large Croat communities exists in The United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Austria, Australia, Peru, Canada, Serbia, New Zealand and South Africa. Croats are noted for their culture, which has been influenced by a number of other neighbouring cultures through the ages. The strongest influences came from Central Europe and the Mediterranean where, at the same time, Croats have made their own contribution. The Croats are predominantly Catholic with minor groups of Protestants, Muslims, Orthodox, Jews and secular non religious atheists and agnostics. Their language is Croatian.
Croatia is the nation state of the Croats, while in the adjacent Bosnia and Herzegovina they are one of the three constituent peoples alongside Bosniaks and Serbs.
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Eugene von Guerard
Johann Joseph Eugene von Guérard (17 November 1811 – 17 April 1901) was an Austrian-born artist, active in Australia from 1852 until 1882. In Australia, this artist is usually referred to as Eugene von Guerard.
Born in Vienna, von Guerard toured Italy with his father (a painter of miniatures at the court of Emperor Francis I of Austria) from 1826, and between 1830 and 1832 resided in Rome, where he became involved with the Nazarenes, a group of German expatriate artists. From 1849 to 1854 he studied landscape painting at the Düsseldorf Academy, and travelled widely. Von Guerard's personal artistic style was formed by the heritage of Claude Lorrain, Nicolas Poussin and Salvator Rosa, while at the Düsseldorf Academy he was inspired by the German Romantic landscape tradition exemplified by the art of Caspar David Friedrich, which, like the Nazarenes, attempted to link man and God through nature. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.
In 1852 von Guerard arrived in Victoria, Australia, determined to try his luck on the Victorian goldfields. As a gold-digger he was unsuccessful, but he did produce a large number of intimate studies of goldfields life, quite different from the deliberately awe-inspiring landscapes for which he was later to become famous. Realising that there were opportunities for an artist in Australia, he abandoned the diggings and was soon undertaking lucrative commissions recording the dwellings and properties of wealthy pastoralists.
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Eugene von Guérard
Johann Joseph Eugene von Guérard (17 November 1811 – 17 April 1901) was an Austrian-born artist, active in Australia from 1852 until 1882. In Australia, this artist is usually referred to as Eugene von Guerard.
Born in Vienna, von Guerard toured Italy with his father (a painter of miniatures at the court of Emperor Francis I of Austria) from 1826, and between 1830 and 1832 resided in Rome, where he became involved with the Nazarenes, a group of German expatriate artists. From 1849 to 1854 he studied landscape painting at the Düsseldorf Academy, and travelled widely. Von Guerard's personal artistic style was formed by the heritage of Claude Lorrain, Nicolas Poussin and Salvator Rosa, while at the Düsseldorf Academy he was inspired by the German Romantic landscape tradition exemplified by the art of Caspar David Friedrich, which, like the Nazarenes, attempted to link man and God through nature. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.
In 1852 von Guerard arrived in Victoria, Australia, determined to try his luck on the Victorian goldfields. As a gold-digger he was unsuccessful, but he did produce a large number of intimate studies of goldfields life, quite different from the deliberately awe-inspiring landscapes for which he was later to become famous. Realising that there were opportunities for an artist in Australia, he abandoned the diggings and was soon undertaking lucrative commissions recording the dwellings and properties of wealthy pastoralists.
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Foster Fyans
Foster Fyans (1790–1870), soldier, penal administrator and public servant, was acting commandant of the second convict settlement at Norfolk Island, the first police magistrate at Geelong, and commissioner of crown lands for the Portland Bay pastoral district in the Port Phillip District of New South Wales.
Fyans was baptised at Clontarf, Dublin and joined the British Army in 1810, seeing service in the Peninsula War. From 1817 he served in India.
In 1833 Fyans joined the 4th Regiment of Foot at Sydney, New South Wales, and was posted to Norfolk Island as captain of the guard. In January 1834 an abortive mutiny led by John Knatchbull resulted in nine deaths and many wounded, and led to the recall of the commandant, James Morisset. As the next senior officer, Fyans acted until the new commandant arrived. He treated the mutineers harshly, keeping them locked in jail for many months in irons, and inflicting mass floggings. He regarded the convict settlement there as “a disgrace to England” and tried to replace slackness by strict control. He later became commandant at the Moreton Bay convict settlement.
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Gordon Scholes
Gordon Glen Denton Scholes AO (born 7 June 1931) is a former Australian politician and Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives.
Scholes was born in Melbourne, the son of Thomas Glen Denton Scholes and his wife Mary Louisa O'Brien. He was the Victorian Amateur Heavyweight Boxing Champion in 1949. He joined the Australian Labor Party in 1955 and was President of the Geelong ALP Branch from 1962 to 1964. He was President of the Geelong Trades Hall Council from 1965 to 1966, and a councillor of the Geelong City Council from 1965 to 1967.
He won the House of Representatives seat of Corio at a by-election in 1967, following Sir Hubert Opperman's resignation. He was Speaker from 27 February 1975 until 16 February 1976.
He was Speaker for the duration of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. On 11 November 1975, following the dismissal of the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam and the appointment of the Leader of the Opposition, Malcolm Fraser, the House of Representatives passed a motion expressing lack of confidence in Fraser’s government, and required Scholes as Speaker to convey that information to the Governor-General Sir John Kerr and to request Kerr to dismiss Fraser and re-appoint Whitlam. Scholes made an appointment to meet Kerr at 4:45 pm. However, by the time he arrived, Kerr had already dissolved the Parliament on Fraser’s advice, which was something Fraser had undertaken to do once he had secured passage of the Supply bills through the Senate. Scholes later accused Kerr of bad faith for making an appointment to receive the Speaker, and then not waiting to hear from him before dissolving Parliament.
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Gough Whitlam
Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916), known as Gough Whitlam ( /ˈɡɒf ˈwɪtləm/ GOFF WIT-ləm), served as the 21st Prime Minister of Australia. Whitlam led the Australian Labor Party (ALP) to power at the 1972 election and retained government at the 1974 election, before being dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr at the climax of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. Whitlam remains the only Prime Minister to have his commission terminated in that manner.
Whitlam entered Parliament in 1952, as an ALP member of the House of Representatives. In 1960 he was elected deputy leader of the ALP and in 1967, after party leader Arthur Calwell retired, he assumed the leadership and became Leader of the Opposition. After narrowly losing the 1969 election, Whitlam led Labor to victory at the 1972 election after 23 years of Liberal-Country Coalition government.
In his time in office, Whitlam and his government implemented a large number of new programs and policy changes, including the elimination of military conscription and criminal execution, institution of universal health care and fee-free tertiary schooling (university), and the implementation of legal aid programs. He won the 1974 election with a reduced majority. Subsequently, the Opposition, which controlled the Senate, was emboldened by government scandals and a flagging economy to challenge Whitlam. In late 1975, there was a weeks-long deadlock over the passage of appropriation bills, which was resolved by Kerr's dismissal of Whitlam and commissioning of Opposition leader Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister. Labor lost the subsequent 1975 election in a landslide.
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Gyan Evans
Gyan Evans is an ARIA Award-winning singer-songwriter from Australia who performs professionally as Gyan (pronounced 'Ghee-ahn'). Originally from Geelong, Gyan began her musical career in the Sydney band Haiku before winning the Grand Final in the Australian version of the TV show Star Search. This led to a recording contract with Warner.
Her debut, self-titled album was released in 1989 and featured the hit single 'Wait' which remained on the ARIA Charts for over four months, peaking at #14 and being certified Platinum. The single was co-written by Gary Frost of 1927 and Geoffrey Stapleton of GANGgajang. 'Gyan' contained twelve songs written or co-written by Gyan and produced by Charles Fisher (Midnight Oil, Hoodoo Gurus, Olivia Newton-John, Radio Birdman). The album was a critical and commercial success (remaining in the charts for over six months) and Gyan was awarded the ARIA Award for Best New Talent in 1989. A second single, 'It's Alright' was a minor hit in 1989 (#49); a third single; 'Black Wedding Ring' (#93) was released the following year. Gyan toured Australia to promote the album, assembling a backing band christened 'The Dearly Beloved'.
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John Batman
John Batman (21 January 1801 – 6 May 1839) was an Australian grazier, businessman and explorer who is best known for his role in the founding of a settlement which became Melbourne and the colony of Victoria.
His parents, William and Mary Batman, came to Sydney in 1797 aboard the Ganges. John was born in 1801 at Rosehill, Parramatta (now a suburb of Sydney).
In 1821 John (aged 20 years) and brother Henry journeyed to Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania) to settle on land in the north-east near Ben Lomond. He acquired 'Kingston', a property said to be "...large in acreage and poor agriculturally,...".
In December 1825, or early 1826, Batman captured the notorious bushranger called Matthew Brady, resulting in an additional grant of land by the government. Brady had been wounded in the leg in a conflict with the authorities, but got away safely. John Batman, who was in Tasmania at the time, went out unarmed on his own in search of Brady, and found him quite accidentally. He saw a man limping in the bush near a shallow creek, and hastened forward to him. It was Brady. He induced Brady to surrender and return with him. The outlaw was ill and suffering much pain, and he did as Mr. Batman asked. Brady was duly sentenced to death.
wn.com/John_Batman -
John Helder Wedge
John Helder Wedge (1793 – 22 November 1872) was a surveyor, explorer and politician in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania, Australia).
Wedge was the second son of Charles Wedge of Shudy Camps, Cambridge, England. John Wedge learned the basics of surveying from his father. Due to financial losses during the post-war depression in agriculture, Wedge and his brother Edward decided to migrate to Van Diemen's Land; before leaving London Wedge had obtained an appointment in the colony as assistant surveyor.
The brothers arrived in Van Diemen's Land aboard the Heroine on the morning of the 15th of April 1824. Wedge led several expeditions through heavily timbered and mountainous country in the north-east and central highlands of the island. On one of these journeys Wedge he found a camp of the bushrangers led by Matthew Brady. For Wedge's efforts in their capture he was rewarded with a land grant in 1826; later he applied for another grant for the capture of five absconders. Wedge was sent to the far north-west in 1828 to examine the lands of the Van Diemen's Land Company. Wedge reported much rich soil in the heavily timbered area but the Company wanted pasture land immediately available and disputed the accuracy of Wedge's map. Part of Wedge's work included investigating grants surveyed earlier by George Evans and Thomas Scott who were both accused of receiving bribes for measuring more than the authorized area to settlers. Wedge proved that the accusations were well founded.
wn.com/John_Helder_Wedge -
Matthew Flinders
Captain Matthew Flinders RN (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was a distinguished navigator and cartographer, who was the first to circumnavigate Australia and identify it as a continent.
On his first voyage to New South Wales, he made friends with the ship's surgeon George Bass, and the two of them presently sailed through what became the Bass Strait, confirming that Tasmania was an island. In 1801 he was commissioned to chart the whole coastline of New Holland, and he specially noted the fertile land around Port Phillip, today's Melbourne.
Heading back to England in 1803, his vessel needed urgent repairs at Mauritius. Although Britain and France were at war, Flinders thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but a suspicious governor kept him under arrest for more than six years. In captivity, he recorded details of his voyages for future publication, and put forward his rationale for naming the new continent 'Australia', as an umbrella-term for New Holland and New South Wales - a suggestion taken up later by Governor Macquarie.
wn.com/Matthew_Flinders -
Philip Gidley King
Captain Philip Gidley King RN (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was the third Governor of New South Wales, and did much to civilise the young colony in the face of great obstacles.
When the First Fleet arrived in January 1788, King was detailed to colonise Norfolk Island for defence and foraging purposes. As Governor of New South Wales, he helped develop livestock farming, whaling and mining, built many schools and launched the colony's first newspaper. But conflicts with the military wore down his spirit, and they were able to force his resignation.
King was born at Launceston, Cornwall, England on 23 April 1758. He joined the Royal Navy at the age of 12 as captain's servant, and was commissioned as a lieutenant in 1778. King served under Arthur Phillip who chose him as second lieutenant on HMS Sirius for the expedition to establish a convict settlement in New South Wales. On arrival, in January 1788, King was selected to lead a small party of convicts and guards to set up a settlement at Norfolk Island.
wn.com/Philip_Gidley_King -
Thomas Austin
Thomas Austin (1815 – 1871) was an English settler in Australia who is generally credited with the introduction of rabbits into Australia in 1859.
Thomas Austin was born at Baltonsborough, Somerset, England, the youngest son of John Austin and Nancy, née Lucas. In 1831 he arrived with other members of his family in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania).
After farming near Ouse, Thomas and his brother James crossed Bass Strait in 1837 and settled as pioneer pastoralists in the Western District of the Port Phillip District (now called Victoria).
In 1845 he married Elizabeth Phillips Harding (1821–1910) in Melbourne and they had 11 children.
Thomas Austin took up land near Winchelsea starting in 1837, and eventually creating a run of 29,000 acres (12,000 ha) known as Barwon Park. The property was used for sheep and for horse training.
In 1871 work was completed on the bluestone mansion that Austin had designed and built on his property. This is now owned by the National Trust of Australia and is open to the public. He died six months after the mansion was completed but his widow continued to live there and, as a philanthropist, helped to found the Austin Hospital in Heidelberg and the Austin Homes for Women in Geelong.
wn.com/Thomas_Austin -
Victorian Aborigines
The Indigenous Australians of Victoria, Australia occupied the land for tens of thousands of years prior to European settlement. According to Gary Presland Aborigines have lived in Victoria for about 40,000 years living a semi-nomadic existence of fishing, hunting and gathering, and farming eels.
The aborigines of Victoria had developed a varied and complex set of languages, tribal alliances and trading routes, beliefs and social customs that involved totemism, superstition, initiation and burial rites, and tribal moeties that regulated sexual relationships and marriage.
"There is some evidence to show that people were living in the Maribyrnong River valley, near present day Keilor, about 40,000 years ago." explains Gary Presland
At the Keilor Archaeological Site a human hearth excavated in 1971 was radiocarbon-dated to about 31,000 years BP, making Keilor one of the earliest sites of human habitation in Australia. A cranium found at the site has been dated at between 12,000 and 14,700 years BP.
wn.com/Victorian_Aborigines -
Wathaurong
arweet. Arweet held the same tribal standing as a ngurungaeta of the Wurundjeri people.
The Wathaurong lived in the area for at least the last 25,000 years with 140 archaeological sites having been found in the region, indicating a significant level of activity of the Wathaurong people.
Coastal clans of the Wada Wurrung may have had contact with Lieutenant John Murray when he charted Indented Head and named Swan Bay. Matthew Flinders met several Wada Wurrung when he camped at Indented Head and climbed the You Yangs in May 1802.
When Lieutenant David Collins founded the colony at Sullivan Bay, Victoria in October 1803, he sent Lieutenant J Tuckey to survey and explore Corio Bay which resulted in several aborigines being shot and wounded. William Buckley, a convict, escaped from the abortive Sullivan Bay settlement in December 1803, and was adopted by the Wada wurrung balug as they thought he was the resurrected Murrangurk, an important former leader. Buckley lived with this community for 32 years, between 1803 and 1835, before making contact with John Batman's expedition on 6 July 1835.
wn.com/Wathaurong -
William Hovell
William Hilton Hovell (26 April 1786 – 9 November 1875) was an English explorer of Australia.
Hovell was born in Yarmouth, Norfolk, England. His father was captain and part owner of a vessel trading to the Mediterranean, which, during a voyage in 1794, was captured by the French and taken into a port, where he became a prisoner of war for two years. William, when only 10 years of age, went to sea to earn his living. After going through the hard life of a foremast hand, at 20 years of age he was mate of Zenobia bound to Peru, and two years later he was a mercantile marine captain of the Juno bound to Rio Janeiro, and others. He decided to come to Australia, arriving at Sydney New South Wales by the ship Earl Spencer, with his wife Esther née Arndell (daughter of the surgeon Thomas Arndell). and two children, a boy and a girl, on 9 October 1813. Making an association with Simeon Lord, Hovell became master of a vessel and made several trading voyages along the east coast of Australia coast and to New Zealand.
wn.com/William_Hovell
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Hawthorn v Geelong - Final 2 minutes (Round 19, 2012) - AFL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Geelong's Tom Hawkins kicks a huge goal from outside 50m to beat Hawthorn on the siren, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Hawthorn_v_Geelong_Final_2_minutes_Round_19,_2012_AFL
Geelong's Tom Hawkins kicks a huge goal from outside 50m to beat Hawthorn on the siren, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
2011 Geelong season montage - 2011 AFL Grand Final (Channel 10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
2011 Geelong season montage - 2011 AFL Grand Final (Channel 10)
http://wn.com/2011_Geelong_season_montage_2011_AFL_Grand_Final_Channel_10
2011 Geelong season montage - 2011 AFL Grand Final (Channel 10)
- published: 04 Oct 2011
- views: 15518
- author: hoever06
Melbourne to Geelong. The Princes Freeway M1. Abakus "Diametric"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Enjoy more of the great music of Abakus in this drive down "The Geelong Road" from the Domain Tunnel to Geelong. Liks: www.facebook.com en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
http://wn.com/Melbourne_to_Geelong_The_Princes_Freeway_M1_Abakus_Diametric
Enjoy more of the great music of Abakus in this drive down "The Geelong Road" from the Domain Tunnel to Geelong. Liks: www.facebook.com en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
- published: 02 Mar 2012
- views: 2128
- author: GeoffJennyOliver
AFL - One Of Geelong's Greatest Comebacks v Fremantle Round 6 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
www.sportsbettingsolutions.net In a classical performance, Geelong were able to come back twice against the Dockers, to sneak home a win by one point in their Round 6 clash in 2008. Geelong were down by 38 points with 6 minutes of game time left in the half, and kicked 6 goals in a row, to narrow the margin to 2 at half time. Freo, were also in front by 25 at 3 quarter time, and Geelong obviously won the quarter winning by a solitary point in the end. Joel Selwood and Joel Corey were standouts and vital to Geelong's victory Geelong 13.11.89 Fremantle 13.10.88
http://wn.com/AFL_One_Of_Geelong's_Greatest_Comebacks_v_Fremantle_Round_6_2008
www.sportsbettingsolutions.net In a classical performance, Geelong were able to come back twice against the Dockers, to sneak home a win by one point in their Round 6 clash in 2008. Geelong were down by 38 points with 6 minutes of game time left in the half, and kicked 6 goals in a row, to narrow the margin to 2 at half time. Freo, were also in front by 25 at 3 quarter time, and Geelong obviously won the quarter winning by a solitary point in the end. Joel Selwood and Joel Corey were standouts and vital to Geelong's victory Geelong 13.11.89 Fremantle 13.10.88
- published: 29 Dec 2011
- views: 18253
- author: Tysio100
Geelong Pictorial 2012 - Part 3.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:31
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Geelong Pictorial 2012 Part 3 - filmed by John Boom. Original Backing track composed By Johnny B: Sharing Your Dream. Australian Pictorials - www.australianpictorials.com Support the work I do and purchase some of my royalty free photos. Aussie Photo - www.aussiephoto.com
http://wn.com/Geelong_Pictorial_2012_Part_3
Geelong Pictorial 2012 Part 3 - filmed by John Boom. Original Backing track composed By Johnny B: Sharing Your Dream. Australian Pictorials - www.australianpictorials.com Support the work I do and purchase some of my royalty free photos. Aussie Photo - www.aussiephoto.com
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 684
- author: johnnybaustralia
Geelong Cats Top 10 Premiership Plays
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:04
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
The Top 10 Plays from the Geelong Cats three premiership winning Grand Finals against Port Adelaide, St. Kilda and Collingwood in 2007, 2009 and 2011. Leave a comment and join the debate.
http://wn.com/Geelong_Cats_Top_10_Premiership_Plays
The Top 10 Plays from the Geelong Cats three premiership winning Grand Finals against Port Adelaide, St. Kilda and Collingwood in 2007, 2009 and 2011. Leave a comment and join the debate.
- published: 29 Nov 2011
- views: 9106
- author: thewalkindude00
Geelong's Wins After the Siren - AFL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
In the AFL, a win after the final siren is a particularly special occasion, given it has only happened 38 times in over 14000 VFL/AFL matches. Geelong holds the record for the most wins with kicks after the siren, with all 7 wins having occurred since 1967 (including 2 famous wins in the 1994 finals series). This video features all 7 match-winning moments, 6 of which I had footage of for this video. 1. 0:05 Bill Ryan: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 1 1967, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 13.13 (91) def. Coll 13.12 (90), 1 point] 2. 2:10 Ken Newland: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 20 1972, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 17.10 (112) def. Coll 17.9 (111), 1 point] 3. 2:51 Billy Brownless: Geelong v Footscray, Quarter Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.16 (106) def. Foot 15.11 (101), 5 points] 4. 4:26 Gary Ablett, Snr: North Melbourne v Geelong, Preliminary Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 16.13 (109) def. NM 14.19 (103), 6 points] 5. 5:38 Peter Riccardi: Geelong v Carlton, Round 11 2002, Docklands Stadium (Etihad) [Final Scores: Geel 15.10 (100) def. Carl 14.12 (96), 4 points] 6. 6:43 Jimmy Bartel: Geelong v Hawthorn, Round 17 2009, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.9 (99) def. Haw 14.14 (98), 1 point] 7. 8:29 Tom Hawkins: Hawthorn v Geelong, Round 19 2012, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 18.10 (118) def. Haw 17.14 (116), 2 points]
http://wn.com/Geelong's_Wins_After_the_Siren_AFL
In the AFL, a win after the final siren is a particularly special occasion, given it has only happened 38 times in over 14000 VFL/AFL matches. Geelong holds the record for the most wins with kicks after the siren, with all 7 wins having occurred since 1967 (including 2 famous wins in the 1994 finals series). This video features all 7 match-winning moments, 6 of which I had footage of for this video. 1. 0:05 Bill Ryan: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 1 1967, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 13.13 (91) def. Coll 13.12 (90), 1 point] 2. 2:10 Ken Newland: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 20 1972, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 17.10 (112) def. Coll 17.9 (111), 1 point] 3. 2:51 Billy Brownless: Geelong v Footscray, Quarter Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.16 (106) def. Foot 15.11 (101), 5 points] 4. 4:26 Gary Ablett, Snr: North Melbourne v Geelong, Preliminary Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 16.13 (109) def. NM 14.19 (103), 6 points] 5. 5:38 Peter Riccardi: Geelong v Carlton, Round 11 2002, Docklands Stadium (Etihad) [Final Scores: Geel 15.10 (100) def. Carl 14.12 (96), 4 points] 6. 6:43 Jimmy Bartel: Geelong v Hawthorn, Round 17 2009, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.9 (99) def. Haw 14.14 (98), 1 point] 7. 8:29 Tom Hawkins: Hawthorn v Geelong, Round 19 2012, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 18.10 (118) def. Haw 17.14 (116), 2 points]
- published: 24 Aug 2012
- views: 1709
- author: darijoe
Round 19 AFL - Hawthorn v Geelong highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
The epic highlights from one of the best games ever! Hawthorn and Geelong play out a thriller, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_19_AFL_Hawthorn_v_Geelong_highlights
The epic highlights from one of the best games ever! Hawthorn and Geelong play out a thriller, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 21737
- author: BigPondAFL
Round 23 AFL - Geelong v Sydney highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Match summary from Simonds Stadium as the Cats host the Swans, Round 23 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_23_AFL_Geelong_v_Sydney_highlights
Match summary from Simonds Stadium as the Cats host the Swans, Round 23 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 01 Sep 2012
- views: 4344
- author: BigPondAFL
Round 17 AFL - Geelong v Essendon highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Match summary highlights from Etihad Stadium as the Cats take on the Bombers. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_17_AFL_Geelong_v_Essendon_highlights
Match summary highlights from Etihad Stadium as the Cats take on the Bombers. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 20 Jul 2012
- views: 5550
- author: BigPondAFL
AFL: Geelong v Collingwood, 2011 AFL Grand Final Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Highlights of Geelong's emphatic 38 point victory over Collingwood. The cats who's era was meant to be over, after so many so-called experts tipped them not to be able to win a Grand Final, let alone reach the Grand Final this year, went on and won when it counted. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT GAME: GEELONG has stormed to a historic premiership with a dominant last quarter against Collingwood in the Grand Final. After leading by seven points at three-quarter time, the final term was all Geelong, kicking 5.4 to three behinds. Geelong won by 38 points, 18.11 (119) to 12.9 (81). A crowd of 99537 packed the MCG for the game. Jimmy Bartel was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for best on ground. Bartel, Tom Hawkins and Steve Johnson led a long list of heroes for the Cats, who have now claimed three premierships in the past five years. Hawkins kicked three goals in the third term and marked everything early in the final quarter and although his two shots at goal sailed wide, he set up Johnson for a telling goal with a quick handball. Johnson, who wrenched his knee against West Coast a week ago and was in doubt until an hour before the game, finished with four goals in an outstanding display. Cameron Ling moved as quick as he has for years after snapping a goal to seal the victory with five minutes remaining. The loss is Collingwood's third for the season - all against the Cats ...
http://wn.com/AFL_Geelong_v_Collingwood,_2011_AFL_Grand_Final_Highlights
Highlights of Geelong's emphatic 38 point victory over Collingwood. The cats who's era was meant to be over, after so many so-called experts tipped them not to be able to win a Grand Final, let alone reach the Grand Final this year, went on and won when it counted. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT GAME: GEELONG has stormed to a historic premiership with a dominant last quarter against Collingwood in the Grand Final. After leading by seven points at three-quarter time, the final term was all Geelong, kicking 5.4 to three behinds. Geelong won by 38 points, 18.11 (119) to 12.9 (81). A crowd of 99537 packed the MCG for the game. Jimmy Bartel was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for best on ground. Bartel, Tom Hawkins and Steve Johnson led a long list of heroes for the Cats, who have now claimed three premierships in the past five years. Hawkins kicked three goals in the third term and marked everything early in the final quarter and although his two shots at goal sailed wide, he set up Johnson for a telling goal with a quick handball. Johnson, who wrenched his knee against West Coast a week ago and was in doubt until an hour before the game, finished with four goals in an outstanding display. Cameron Ling moved as quick as he has for years after snapping a goal to seal the victory with five minutes remaining. The loss is Collingwood's third for the season - all against the Cats ...
- published: 01 Oct 2011
- views: 89674
- author: jehsepi369
AFL - Geelong v Carlton Round 11 2012 (Every Geelong Goal)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Every Geelong goal kicked against Carlton in their Round 11 clash 2012. The Cats were coming in hot favourites after the Blues were smashed by Port by 9 goals the week before, opposing to Geelong's 65 point shellacking of GWS. The Blues started off quite well though, kicking 3 of the first 4 goals. It was a tight contest for pretty much the whole match, and a lot of mistakes and fumbles were to be made! The Cats looked a little bit startled in the second quarter, although Stephen Motlop saved the day, kicking 3 goals in the second term. Then Geelong switched into 3rd gear in the third quarter, kicking 5 goals, and taking in a 6 point lead into the final change. And Geelong managed to find a way home in the final term, kicking 4 goals to Carlton's 2. Although Carlton probably should've got the win in the end, poor kicking at goal let them down, they kicked 2.9 in the final term, wasting a lot of valuable opportunities. Selwood was brilliant as usual with 27 disposals and a couple of goals. Motlop was basically the match-winner, kicking 4 vital goals. Mitch Duncan was really impressive with 2 goals and 24 touches. In the end Geelong got home by 12 points, it was great game of footy! Geelong 14.13.97 Carlton 11.19.85
http://wn.com/AFL_Geelong_v_Carlton_Round_11_2012_Every_Geelong_Goal
Every Geelong goal kicked against Carlton in their Round 11 clash 2012. The Cats were coming in hot favourites after the Blues were smashed by Port by 9 goals the week before, opposing to Geelong's 65 point shellacking of GWS. The Blues started off quite well though, kicking 3 of the first 4 goals. It was a tight contest for pretty much the whole match, and a lot of mistakes and fumbles were to be made! The Cats looked a little bit startled in the second quarter, although Stephen Motlop saved the day, kicking 3 goals in the second term. Then Geelong switched into 3rd gear in the third quarter, kicking 5 goals, and taking in a 6 point lead into the final change. And Geelong managed to find a way home in the final term, kicking 4 goals to Carlton's 2. Although Carlton probably should've got the win in the end, poor kicking at goal let them down, they kicked 2.9 in the final term, wasting a lot of valuable opportunities. Selwood was brilliant as usual with 27 disposals and a couple of goals. Motlop was basically the match-winner, kicking 4 vital goals. Mitch Duncan was really impressive with 2 goals and 24 touches. In the end Geelong got home by 12 points, it was great game of footy! Geelong 14.13.97 Carlton 11.19.85
- published: 09 Jun 2012
- views: 1198
- author: Tysio100
Constructor Software- Geelong Business TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Constructor was founded when a local Geelong builder couldn't source the software he required for estimating. Jose Carrasco and his team value customer service and believe their strength is the local support they provide for clients.
http://wn.com/Constructor_Software_Geelong_Business_TV
Constructor was founded when a local Geelong builder couldn't source the software he required for estimating. Jose Carrasco and his team value customer service and believe their strength is the local support they provide for clients.
- published: 06 Dec 2012
- views: 25
- author: CityofGreaterGeelong
Pt2 News Geelong 7 12 12 No284
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:51
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Read by Graham Rawlins and with the support of the crew and reporters News Geelong is broadcast on C31 (Digital 44) Melbourne and Geelong every Friday evening at 6.30pm. Pt2
http://wn.com/Pt2_News_Geelong_7_12_12_No284
Read by Graham Rawlins and with the support of the crew and reporters News Geelong is broadcast on C31 (Digital 44) Melbourne and Geelong every Friday evening at 6.30pm. Pt2
- published: 08 Dec 2012
- views: 5
- author: GESTMedia
Geelong Cats Top 20 Goals 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
The Top 20 Goals from the Geelong Cats 2011 Premiership Season. Leave a comment and join the debate!
http://wn.com/Geelong_Cats_Top_20_Goals_2011
The Top 20 Goals from the Geelong Cats 2011 Premiership Season. Leave a comment and join the debate!
- published: 13 Nov 2011
- views: 8770
- author: thewalkindude00
Round 18 AFL - Geelong v Adelaide highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Match summary highlights as the Cats hosted the Crows at Simonds Stadium, Round 18 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_18_AFL_Geelong_v_Adelaide_highlights
Match summary highlights as the Cats hosted the Crows at Simonds Stadium, Round 18 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 28 Jul 2012
- views: 3870
- author: BigPondAFL
Geelong Football Club - Wiki Article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 61:29
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
The Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats, is a professional Australian rules football club, named after and based in the city of Geelong, playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). The clu... Geelong Football Club - Wiki Article - wikiplays.org Original @ http All Information Derived from Wikipedia using Creative Commons License: en.wikipedia.org Author: Unknown Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( This work is in the Public Domain. ) Author: The Pictorial Weekly Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( This work is in the Public Domain. ) Author: Unknown Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( This work is in the Public Domain. ) Author: AsianFC Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 ) Author: AsianFC. Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 ) Author: Paul Coster Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 )
http://wn.com/Geelong_Football_Club_Wiki_Article
The Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats, is a professional Australian rules football club, named after and based in the city of Geelong, playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). The clu... Geelong Football Club - Wiki Article - wikiplays.org Original @ http All Information Derived from Wikipedia using Creative Commons License: en.wikipedia.org Author: Unknown Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( This work is in the Public Domain. ) Author: The Pictorial Weekly Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( This work is in the Public Domain. ) Author: Unknown Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( This work is in the Public Domain. ) Author: AsianFC Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 ) Author: AsianFC. Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 ) Author: Paul Coster Image URL: en.wikipedia.org ( Creative Commons ASA 3.0 )
- published: 24 Nov 2012
- views: 106
- author: WikiPlays
2012 AFL Finals - Geelong v Fremantle - Elimination Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Match highlights from the 2012 Cats v Dockers Elimination Final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/2012_AFL_Finals_Geelong_v_Fremantle_Elimination_Final
Match highlights from the 2012 Cats v Dockers Elimination Final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 08 Sep 2012
- views: 8615
- author: BigPondAFL
To Jeff Kennett From Geelong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
On a fateful day on ABC TV's Offsiders program, then Hawthorn President Jeff Kennett of the Kennett curse fame uttered his famous words claiming his Hawks were mentally tougher than the Geelong Cats who they had just beaten in a Grand Final. What ensued was as comical as it is amazing - Geelong went on a 9 match unbeaten streak against Hawthorn, racking up two extra flags to make it 3 in 5 years, while the Hawks underachieved until 2012 when they lost a Grand Final everyone thought they would have won.
http://wn.com/To_Jeff_Kennett_From_Geelong
On a fateful day on ABC TV's Offsiders program, then Hawthorn President Jeff Kennett of the Kennett curse fame uttered his famous words claiming his Hawks were mentally tougher than the Geelong Cats who they had just beaten in a Grand Final. What ensued was as comical as it is amazing - Geelong went on a 9 match unbeaten streak against Hawthorn, racking up two extra flags to make it 3 in 5 years, while the Hawks underachieved until 2012 when they lost a Grand Final everyone thought they would have won.
- published: 08 Nov 2012
- views: 3429
- author: aus5892
Eight big plays - Geelong v Fremantle - 2012 Elimination Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
The moments that mattered in the 2012 Cats v Dockers Elimination Final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Eight_big_plays_Geelong_v_Fremantle_2012_Elimination_Final
The moments that mattered in the 2012 Cats v Dockers Elimination Final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 08 Sep 2012
- views: 5720
- author: BigPondAFL
Round 20 AFL - West Coast Eagles v Geelong highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Match summary highlights from Patersons Stadium as the Eagles and the Cats square off. Round 20, 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_20_AFL_West_Coast_Eagles_v_Geelong_highlights
Match summary highlights from Patersons Stadium as the Eagles and the Cats square off. Round 20, 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 10 Aug 2012
- views: 8358
- author: BigPondAFL
Geelong Personal Training.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
www.geelongpersonaltraining.net.au Geelong Personal Training provides one-on-one training, group fitness training along with nutritional advice. Our trainers design programs specifically for you to lose weight, increase energy levels, increase stamina and build muscle strength. As the personal training progresses, you start to feel healthier, look younger and feel fantastic. All with the guidance and motivation from Geelong Personal Training.
http://wn.com/Geelong_Personal_Trainingmp4
www.geelongpersonaltraining.net.au Geelong Personal Training provides one-on-one training, group fitness training along with nutritional advice. Our trainers design programs specifically for you to lose weight, increase energy levels, increase stamina and build muscle strength. As the personal training progresses, you start to feel healthier, look younger and feel fantastic. All with the guidance and motivation from Geelong Personal Training.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 1450
- author: GeelongPT
Last 41 seconds Geelong vs Hawthorn round 19 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
The last 41 seconds of Geelong vs hawthorn round 19 2012, hope you enjoy see more at www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Last_41_seconds_Geelong_vs_Hawthorn_round_19_2012
The last 41 seconds of Geelong vs hawthorn round 19 2012, hope you enjoy see more at www.youtube.com
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 4407
- author: InfusedProtential
photo: AP / Reed Saxon
10 Dec 2012
The wreckage of a small plane believed to be carrying Mexican-American singing superstar Jenni Rivera has been found in northern Mexico and there are no apparent survivors, authorities said. Transportation and Communications Minister Gerardo Ruiz Esparza said on Sunday that "everything points toward" it being the US-registered Learjet 25 carrying Rivera and six other people from Monterrey en route to Toluca, Mexico ... 192 Source. ... Share ... ....(size: 17.5Kb)
photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady
10 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. In the desert of central Australia still resides a primitive tribe known as the Arunta. This non-technological and stateless group, which mainly depends on hunting and gathering, had suffered several inexplicable deaths ... Therefore, they organized an atinga, or revenge group ... When the guiltless tribe learned of their approach, they sent out a delegation of young women as a token of peace....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
11 Dec 2012
The death toll brought about by typhoon “Pablo” continued to rise with 714 persons confirmed dead by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) yesterday while those missing ballooned to 890 as massive search, retrieval and relief operations continue in the typhoon-ravaged areas in Mindanao ... 4 ... They were subsequently brought to Caraga Regional Hospital ... (NHMFC) (P100,000) ... With AFP ....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Todd Williamson
10 Dec 2012
MÉXICO, D.F., diciembre 9 (EL UNIVERSAL).- La Voz México, programa de talentos de Televisa, confirmó la muerte de la cantante Jenni Rivera, a través de su Twitter. "Que toquen fuerte las bandas, suelten por mí mariposas, apláudanme con sus palmas... http.//twitpic.com/bkmhl0 .Descanse en paz Jenni Rivera" ... Además, anunció un homenaje luctuoso dedicado a la cantante ... Descanse en Paz" ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
11 Dec 2012
Afghan women victims of violence are still being failed by the justice system, according to a new UN report. Although there had been some progress in implementing a 2009 anti-violence law, overall use of the law "remained low", the report says. Cultural pressures and inconsistent police practices are hampering implementation of the law, it added ... 'Tip of the iceberg' ... Afghan victims of sexual abuse rarely speak out ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
Greater Geelong City Council). The City of Greater Geelong is providing grants totalling $220,000 to local community arts and festivals through the Community Arts and Festivals Grant Program 2012/13 round ... "We have a vibrant arts and festivals scene in Geelong," Cr Heagney said ... This noodl was issued by Greater Geelong City Council and was initially posted at www.geelongcity.vic.gov.au....(size: 3.0Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
Greater Geelong City Council) ... Students from the building and infrastructure company met with the City of Greater Geelong and Aldershot Reserve was selected as the project site ... The City of Geelong contributed the basket ball tower and ring ... Geelong companies involved in the project included Geelong Kerbing (labour for kerbing), Econpave (asphalt works, bobcat and grader use) and Crackmasters (line marking)....(size: 2.9Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
Greater Geelong City Council) More than 50 community organisations are the latest to receive funding through the City of Greater Geelong's Councillor Community Grants program ... $1,800 to help Samaritan House Geelong purchase new gardening equipment - including a lawnmower - to help maintain its property. Samaritan House aims to improve the plight of homeless people in the Geelong region....(size: 3.6Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
Greater Geelong City Council) It is that time of year again where term four is just about to come to an end and school holidays are about to begin. To help kids stay occupied over the holidays the City of Greater Geelong will run a school holiday program, catering for all primary aged children ... This noodl was issued by Greater Geelong City Council ......(size: 2.6Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
(Source. Greater Geelong City Council). Mosquito Treatments in Point Henry. Wednesday, 12 December 20122.57 PMMedia Releases. The City of Greater Geelong's Mosquito Management Program is currently proceeding on a daily basis, with contractors intensively targeting and treating identified mosquito breeding sites ... distributed by. This noodl was issued by Greater Geelong City Council and was initially posted at www.geelongcity.vic.gov.au....(size: 5.0Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
The club descended onto the MCG in the Elimination Final, ambushing reigning premiers Geelong with an irresistible performance to win by 16 points ... WITH A NEW COACH and game plan, Fremantle entered the unknown for the round 1 Starlight Purple Haze Game against reigning AFL Premiers Geelong ... a stunning Elimination Final win over Geelong at the MCG....(size: 9.9Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
(Source. FWO - Fair Work Ombudsman). First published on 29 October in the Geelong Advertiser. The recent Geelong Show provided a good opportunity for the Fair Work Ombudsman to talk to people from the Barwon region about their workplace rights and responsibilities ... At the Fair Work Ombudsman, we want to reduce the amount of guesswork that goes on and assist employers to understand and comply with their basic responsibilities ... THEY SAY....(size: 7.2Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
(Source. Royal Dutch Shell plc) 12/12/2012. Shell Australia has ramped up production of diesel at its Geelong Refinery and is currently making more than 125% of normal volume ... Shell apologises to customers for the disruption. - End -....(size: 1.7Kb)
Sydney Morning Herald
12 Dec 2012
noodls
12 Dec 2012
(Source. Fremantle Football Club). 3.00 PM Wed 12 Dec, 2012 ... 2013 NAB Cup ... In & Under - Zoo ... Our 2013 NAB Cup campaign kicks off with a triple header when the Freo Dockers take on West Coast and Geelong on Saturday 16 February at Patersons Stadium....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
12 Dec 2012
WITH playing lists locked in, AFL clubs have handed out new jumper numbers for next season. Recruits have been handed their guernseys and other players have earned promotions. Here's our list of all the key changes (so far). ADELAIDE. Josh Jenkins has moved from No.20 to the No.4 worn last season by Kurt Tippett. But Jenkins says it has nothing to do with making a point, or even the fact both play in the same position ... GEELONG ... GWS ... Geelong....(size: 8.5Kb)
Canberra Times
12 Dec 2012
Allan Fels. Photo. Alex Ellinghausen. Taxi drivers would get a 55 per cent cut of the fare box and taxi licences could be rented for $20,000 a year under industry changes being considered by the Baillieu government. It is predicted the changes would put an extra 300 to 400 cabs on the road ... There would also be exams for major regional centres in Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo ... "We can't find enough work throughout the year ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
2013 Draft Paddling Clinic Plan Location Date Format Tasmania - Ulverstone SLSC Saturday 5 January Ski Practical Central Coast / Hunter January Ski Practical Perth February Coach Discussion and Ski Practical Geelong February Coach Intensive and Ski Practical Adelaide - Onkaparinga May Coach Discussion and Flatwater Practical Tasmania - ......(size: 9.2Kb)
This article is about the Victorian city; the name may also refer to City of Geelong or Geelong city centre.
| Geelong Victoria |
|||||||
 Geelong CBD and Corio Bay from Moorpanyal Park North Shore in 2010. |
|||||||
 Geelong
|
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| Population: | 160,991 (2006 Census)[1] (12th) | ||||||
| • Density: | 165.3/km² (428.1/sq mi) | ||||||
| Established: | 1836 | ||||||
| Postcode: | 3220 | ||||||
| Coordinates: | 38°09′S 144°21′E / 38.15°S 144.35°E / -38.15; 144.35Coordinates: 38°09′S 144°21′E / 38.15°S 144.35°E / -38.15; 144.35 | ||||||
| Area: | 1240 km² (478.8 sq mi) | ||||||
| Time zone:
• Summer (DST) |
AEST (UTC+10) | ||||||
| Location: | 72 km (45 mi) SW of Melbourne | ||||||
| LGA: | City of Greater Geelong | ||||||
| County: | Grant | ||||||
| State electorate: | |||||||
| Federal Division: | |||||||
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Geelong ( /dʒəˈlɒŋ/)[2][3] is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia, 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the state capital; Melbourne. It is the second most populated city in Victoria and the fifth most populated non-capital city in Australia. The urban area runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with the bay to the east and hills to the west, an area with an estimated population of 160,991 people.[1] It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality which covers the urban and surrounding areas and is home to over 191,000 people. An inhabitant of Geelong has been known as a Geelongite,[4] or a Pivotonian, in the past.
Geelong was named in 1837 by Governor Richard Burke, with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong, thought to mean 'land' or 'cliffs'.[5] The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, and the Post Office was open by June 1840 (the second to open in the Port Phillip District).[6] The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District.[7] During the gold rush Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district.[8] The city then diversified into manufacturing and during the 1860s it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills.[9]
It was proclaimed a city in 1910, with industrial growth from this time until the 1960s establishing the city as a manufacturing centre for the state,[7] and saw the population grow to over 100,000 by the mid 1960s.[10] Population increases over the last decade were due to growth in service industries,[11] as the manufacturing sector has declined. Redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs and currently has a population growth rate higher than the national average.[12]
It is known for being home to car manufacturer Ford Australia and also the Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Geelong
See also: Visitor attractions in Geelong, Victorian gold rush, Category:Suburbs of Geelong, and Category:Visitor attractions in Geelong
Early history and foundation[link]
The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by the Wathaurong Indigenous Australian tribe.[13]
The first non-Aboriginal person recorded as visiting the region was Lt. John Murray, who commanded the brig HMS Lady Nelson.[8] After anchoring outside Port Phillip Heads (the narrow entrance to Port Phillip, onto which both Geelong and Melbourne now front) on 1 February 1802 he sent a small boat with six men to explore.[14] Led by John Bowen they explored the immediate area, returning to the Lady Nelson on 4 February. On reporting favourable findings, the Lady Nelson entered Port Phillip on 14 February, and did not leave until 12 March. During this time, Murray explored the Geelong area and, whilst on the far side of the bay, claimed the entire area for Britain. He named the bay Port King, after Philip Gidley King,[14] then Governor of New South Wales. Governor King later renamed the bay Port Phillip after the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip.[15] Arriving not long after Murray was Matthew Flinders, who entered Port Phillip on 27 April 1802.[8] He charted the entire bay, including the Geelong area, believing he was the first to sight the huge expanse of water, but in a rush to reach Sydney before winter set in he left Port Phillip on 3 May.
In January 1803, Surveyor-General Charles Grimes arrived at Port Phillip in the sloop Cumberland and mapped the area, including the future site of Geelong,[14] but reported the area was unfavourable for settlement and returned to Sydney on 27 February.[16] In October of the same year, the HMS Calcutta led by Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins arrived in the bay to establish the Sullivan Bay penal colony.[14] Collins was dissatisfied with the area chosen, and sent a small party led by First Lieutenant J.H. Tuckey to investigate alternate sites.[17] The party spent 22 October to 27 October on the north shore of Corio Bay, where the first Aboriginal death at the hands of a European in Victoria occurred.[14]
The next European visit to the area was by the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell. They reached the northern edge of Corio Bay - the area of Port Phillip that Geelong now fronts - on 16 December 1824,[18] and it was at this time they reported that the Aborigines called the area Corayo, the bay being called Jillong.[8] Hume and Hovell had been contracted to travel overland from Sydney to Port Phillip, and having achieved this they stayed the night and begun their return journey two days later on 18 December.[18]
The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wathaurong people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula.[19] In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp,[20] leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) for more supplies and his family. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to the party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur, and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives.[21]
File:Geelong in 1840.jpg
Depiction of early Geelong as a small collection of houses and paddocks by the bay.
In March 1836, three squatters, David Fisher, James Strachan and George Russell arrived on the Caledonia and settled the area.[14] Geelong was first surveyed by Assistant Surveyor, W. H. Smythe three weeks after Melbourne, and was gazetted as a town on 10 October 1838.[8] There was already a church, hotel, store and wool store, 82 houses, and the town population was 545.[8] By 1840, the first wool had been sent to England and a regular steamer service was running between Geelong and Melbourne.[20] Captain Foster Fyans was commissioned as the local Police Magistrate in 1837 and established himself on the Barwon River at the site of the area of present-day Fyansford.[22] Fyans constructed a breakwater to improve the water supply to the city by preventing the salty lower reaches from mixing with fresh water and pooling water.
The Geelong Keys were discovered around 1845 by Governor Charles La Trobe on Corio Bay. They were embedded in the stone in such a way that he believed that they had been there for 100–150 years, possibly dropped by Portuguese explorers.[23] In 1849, Fyans was nominated as the inaugural Mayor of the Geelong Town Council.[22] An early settler of Geelong, Alexander Thomson, for which the area of Thomson in East Geelong is named, settled on the Barwon River, and was Mayor of Geelong on five occasions from 1850–1858.[24]
1850s: Gold rush[link]
File:Geelong harbour 1857.jpg
A paddlesteamer approaches busy Geelong Harbour in 1857
Gold was discovered in nearby Ballarat in 1851, causing the Geelong population to grow to 23,000 people by the mid 1850s.[8] To counter this, a false map was issued by Melbourne interests to new arrivals, showing the quickest road to the goldfields as being via Melbourne.[8] The first issue of the Geelong Advertiser newspaper was published in 1840 by James Harrison, who also built the world's first Ether Vapour Compression Cycle ice making and refrigeration machine in 1844, later being commissioned by a brewery in 1856 to build a machine that cooled beer.[25]
The Geelong Hospital was opened in 1852, and construction on the Geelong Town Hall commenced in 1855.[10] Development of the Port of Geelong began with the creation of the first shipping channel in Corio Bay in 1853.[10] The Geelong to Melbourne railway was built by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company in 1857 [26] Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859 by Thomas Austin, who imported them from England for hunting purposes at his Barwon Park property near Winchelsea.[27] One of Geelong's best known department stores, Bright and Hitchcocks, was opened in 1861,[10] and the HM Prison Geelong built using convict labour, was opened in 1864.[28]
In 1866 Graham Berry started a newspaper, the Geelong Register, as a rival to the established Geelong Advertiser. When this proved unsuccessful, he bought the Advertiser and made himself editor of the now merged papers.[29] Using the paper as a platform, he was elected for West Geelong in 1869. In 1877 he switched to Geelong, which he represented until 1886, and served as Victorian Premier in 1875, 1877–1880, and 1880–1881.[30] On the Market Square in the middle of the city, a clock tower was erected in 1856,[31] and an Exhibition Building was opened in 1879.
1860s: The 'Sleepy Hollow'[link]
File:Geelong exhibition building and market square clocktower.jpg
Exhibition Building and Market Square Clocktower in 1879. (both since demolished)
The gold rush had seen Ballarat and Bendigo grow larger than Geelong in terms of population. Melbourne critics dubbed Geelong 'Sleepy Hollow',[8] a tag that recurred many times in the following years. A number of industries became established in Geelong, including Victoria's first woollen mill at South Geelong in 1868. In 1869 the clipper Lightning caught fire at the Yarra Street pier and was cast adrift in Corio Bay to burn before finally sunk by artillery fire.[20] Improvements to transport saw Geelong emerge as the centre of the Western District of Victoria, with railway lines extended towards Colac in 1876, and to Queenscliff in 1879.[26] Construction of the Hopetoun shipping channel began in 1881 and completed in 1893.[10]
The Geelong Cup was first held in 1872 and Victoria's first long distance telephone call was made from Geelong to Queenscliff on 8 January 1878, only one year after the invention of the device itself.[10] Geelong was also the home of a prosperous wine industry until the emergence of the grapevine eating insect phylloxera vastatrix in 1885, which killed the industry until the 1960s.[10] Between 1886 and 1889 the central business district's major banks and insurance companies erected new premises in a solid and ornate character.[8] The existing Geelong Post Office was built during this time and the Gordon Technical College was established. Further industrial growth occurred with the Fyansford cement works established in 1890.[32]
The town became known as 'the Pivot' in the 1860s owing to its being a central rail and shipping hub to Melbourne, Ballarat and the western district.[33]
1900s: A city develops[link]
The town of Geelong officially became a city on 8 December 1910. The city gained a number of essential services, with electric light supplied by the Geelong Power Station starting in 1902, the Geelong Harbour Trust was formed in December 1905,[34] and the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust formed in 1908. Electric trams began operation in 1912, travelling from the city centre to the suburbs until their demise in 1956.[35] The first of many stores on the Market Square was opened in 1913,[10] and the first Gala Day festival was held in 1916.[10]
Geelong's industrial growth accelerated in the 1920s: woollen mills, fertiliser plants, the Ford Motor Company's vehicle plant at Norlane, and the Corio whiskey distillery were all established in this period.[26] The Geelong Advertiser's radio station 3GL (now K-Rock) commenced transmission in 1930,[20] the Great Ocean Road was opened in 1932, and the T & G Building in 1934.
By 1936 Geelong had displaced Ballarat as Victoria's second largest city.[36]
In 1938 one of the last Port Philip Bay steamers, Edina, made its final trip to Geelong, ending a romantic period of seaside excursions and contests for the fastest trip. The Eastern Beach foreshore beautification and pool was completed in 1939 after almost 10 years of work.[10]
On the eve of World War II the International Harvester works were opened beside Ford at North Shore, a grain elevator at nearby Corio Quay, and the Shell Australia oil refinery.[26]
Post-war period[link]
Government housing was constructed in the suburbs of East Geelong, Norlane, North Shore and Corio from the 1950s to provide accommodation for the growing workforce. The banks of the Barwon River burst in 1952, flooding nearby Belmont Common.
Geelong continued to expand with Corio, Highton and Belmont growing at such a rate that in February 1967 Geelong accounted for 21 per cent of private home development in non-metropolitan Victoria.[8] Private vehicles became the city's major mode of transport. The first parking meters in the city were introduced in 1961, new petrol stations were constructed and the city's first supermarket, operated by Coles, opened in 1965.[8] Industrial growth continued with a second cement works operating at Waurn Ponds by 1964[26] and the Alcoa Point Henry aluminium smelter constructed in 1962.[37]
Federal Government policy changes on tariff protection led to the closure of many Geelong industrial businesses from the 1970s. The woollen mills closed in 1974 and hectares of warehouse space in the city centre were left empty after wool handling practices changed.[8] The Target head office opened in North Geelong, Deakin University was established at Waurn Ponds in 1974 and the Geelong Performing Arts Centre opened in 1981.[38] Later, the Australian Animal Health Laboratory was opened in 1985,[39] and the National Wool Museum in 1988.[40]
Market Square, the first enclosed shopping centre in the city was opened in 1985, with neighbouring Westfield Geelong (formerly Bay City Plaza) opened in 1988.[41] The Pyramid Building Society, founded in Geelong in 1959,[42] collapsed in 1990 leaving debts of A$1.3 billion to over 200,000 depositors,[43] and causing the Geelong economy to stagnate.[44] On 18 May 1993 the City of Greater Geelong was formed by the amalgamation of a number of smaller municipalities with the former City of Geelong.[45] The Waterfront Geelong redevelopment started in 1994 designed to enhance use and appreciation of Corio Bay[46] and in 1995 the Barwon River overflowed in the worst flood since 1952.[47]
21st century[link]
In 2004, Avalon Airport was upgraded to accommodate interstate passenger travel, providing a base for the low-cost airline Jetstar to service the Melbourne and Geelong urban areas.[48] Geelong is planned to expand towards the south coast, with 2,500 hectares of land to become a major suburban development for between 55,000 to 65,000 people, known as Armstrong Creek.[49] In 2006, construction began on the Geelong Ring Road, designed to replace the Princes Highway through Geelong from Corio to Waurn Ponds. It opened in 2009.
More than A$500 million worth of major construction was under way in 2007.[50] Major projects include the $150 million Westfield Geelong expansion works, involving a flyover of Yarra Street, the city's first Big W store and an additional 70 new speciality stores; the $37 million Deakin Waterfront campus redevelopment and the $23 million Deakin Medical School; the $50 million Edgewater apartment development on the waterfront; a number of multi-million dollar office developments in the CBD; and a new $30 million aquatic centre in Waurn Ponds.[50]
Major developments within Geelong are advocated by the region's formal alliance, G21 Geelong Region Alliance. The City of Greater Geelong and four other local municipalities form part of the alliance which identifies the Geelong region's priorities, advocate all levels of government for funding and implement the projects. G21 developed 'The Geelong Region Plan - a sustainable growth strategy' which was launched by Premier Brumby in 2007. It is the approved strategic plan for the Geelong region. In addition, major projects such as the Geelong Ring Road Connections and duplication of the Princes Highway West have obtained funding due to the combined efforts of the region's municipalities. As at November 2011, there are 13 Priority Projects for the Geelong region.
The Victorian Government announced the relocation of the Transport Accident Commission headquarters from Melbourne to Geelong in October 2006, which created 850 jobs and an annual economic benefit of over $59 million to the Geelong region.[51] The construction of the $80 million Brougham Street headquarters was completed in late 2008.[52] In November 2008 Ford Australia announced that its Australian designed I6 engine would be re-engineered to meet the latest emissions regulations and that consequently the engine manufacturing plant would be upgraded.
A change to the city skyline is occurring with a number of modern apartment buildings on the Waterfront and central business district planned or under construction. On 10 July 2008 approval was given for a $100 million twin tower apartment complex of 16 and 12 floors to be built on Mercer St in the city's Western edge. The towers will become the tallest buildings in the city, taking the title from the Mercure Hotel.[53] Further highrise developments are planned as part of the City of Greater Geelong's Geelong Western Edge strategic plan.[54] A $17 million 11 level apartment tower has also recently been proposed to be built next to the Deakin Waterfront Campus.[55]
In 2012 a design competition for a "city icon" was run for the City of Geelong by Deakin University and Senia Lawyers. The recipient of the prize and winning design entry was JOH Architects and their design titled "The Sea Dragon".[56]
Geography[link]
Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, a south-western inlet bay of Port Phillip. During clear weather, the Melbourne skyline is visible from areas of Geelong when viewed across Port Phillip. The Barwon River flows through the city to the south before entering Lake Connewarre and the Barwon River estuary at Barwon Heads before going into Bass Strait.[57]
Geologically the oldest rocks in the area date to the Cambrian period 500 million years ago, with volcanic activity occurring in the Devonian period 350 million years ago.[58] In prehistoric times water covered much of the lowlands that are now Geelong, with the Barwon River estuary located at Belmont Common, the course of the river being changed when Mount Moriac erupted and lava was sent eastwards towards Geelong.[57]
To the east of the city are the Bellarine Hills and the undulating plains of the Bellarine Peninsula. To the west are the sandstone derived Barrabool Hills and basalt Mount Duneed, and the volcanic plains to the north of Geelong extend to the Brisbane Ranges and the You Yangs.[58] Soils vary from sandy loam, basalt plains and river loam to rich volcanic soils,[59] suitable for intensive farming, grazing, forestry and vineyard plantation.
Many materials used to construct buildings were quarried from Geelong, such as bluestone from the You Yangs and sandstone from the Brisbane Ranges.[58] A small number of brown coal deposits exist in the Geelong region, most notably at Anglesea where it has been mined to fuel Alcoa's Anglesea Power Station since 1969.[60] Limestone has also been quarried for cement production at Fyansford since 1888,[32] and Waurn Ponds since 1964.[61]
City and suburbs[link]
Development in Geelong started on the shores of Corio Bay in what is now the inner city. Development later spread to the south towards the Barwon River, and the hill of Newtown and Geelong West. Major development south of the river in Belmont did not start until the 1920s, stimulated by the construction of a new bridge over the river in 1926, and the extension of the Geelong tramway system in 1927.[10] Industrial areas were traditionally located on the Corio Bay for port access,[62] or the Barwon River for waste disposal.
In the interwar and post World War II years heavy industry continued to establish itself in the flatter northern suburbs,[62] where today industries such as the Shell oil refinery and Ford Motor Company engine plant reside.[63] Residential development also spread to Corio in the north, with new Housing Commission of Victoria estates built to cater for employees of the new industries. From the 1960s residential growth spread to the Highton hills in the south, followed by Grovedale in the 1970s. A number of light industrial areas were also established in Breakwater, Moolap and South Geelong.[62]
Changing cargo handling methods at the Port of Geelong left woolstores in inner Geelong unused, redevelopment beginning in the 1980s with the expansion of Westfield Geelong towards Corio Bay, and culminating in the Waterfront Geelong development.[64] Gentrification of former working class inner suburbs such as Geelong West, North Geelong and South Geelong has also occurred.[65] Today the major residential growth corridors are north towards Lara, east towards Leopold, and south towards Mount Duneed as the Armstrong Creek Growth Area.[49]
Climate[link]
Geelong has stable weather while still offering four distinct seasons.[66] It has a temperate climate with dominant westerly winds, variable cloud, moderate precipitation, warm summers and cool winters.[67][68] January is the hottest month, and July is the coldest.[69] The highest temperature recorded was 47.9 °C (120 °F) on 7 February 2009, with the lowest of −4.4 °C (24 °F) recorded on 5 August 1997.[70] The average annual rainfall is around 520 millimetres (20 in), which makes Geelong the driest sizeable city in Australia, owing to the pronounced rain shadow of the Otway Ranges to the southwest.[69] Within the city, rainfall shows a strong gradient from south to north, so that the southernmost suburbs can receive around 700 millimetres (28 in) whilst more northerly Lara receives as little as 425 millimetres (17 in), which is the lowest rainfall in southern Victoria.[71]
| Climate data for Geelong | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 45.3 (113.5) |
47.4 (117.3) |
41.5 (106.7) |
34.8 (94.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
29.6 (85.3) |
37.1 (98.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
43.1 (109.6) |
47.4 (117.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 24.4 (75.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
7.8 (46.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
5.8 (42.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
1.4 (34.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 34.0 (1.339) |
29.7 (1.169) |
30.2 (1.189) |
46.0 (1.811) |
47.3 (1.862) |
41.7 (1.642) |
50.3 (1.98) |
48.2 (1.898) |
49.5 (1.949) |
49.7 (1.957) |
51.4 (2.024) |
40.9 (1.61) |
518.9 (20.429) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.1 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 81.5 |
| Source: [72] | |||||||||||||
Economy[link]
File:Shopsinsidegeelongbaycity2.JPG
Westfield Bay City in 2006
More than 10,000 businesses employ over 80,000 people in the Geelong region,[11] with manufacturing and processing industries providing around 15,000 jobs, followed by 13,000 in retail, and 8,000 in health and community services.[11]
Geelong's major employers include the Ford Motor Company engine plant in Norlane, aircraft maintenance at Avalon Airport, the head office of retail chain Target, the Bartter (Steggles) chicken processing plant, Alcoa's Point Henry aluminium smelter, and the Shell oil refinery at Corio.[73]
The Geelong region attracted over 6,000,000 tourists during 2001.[74] Major tourist attractions include the Waterfront Geelong precinct and Eastern Beach on the shores of Corio Bay, the Ford Discovery Centre and National Wool Museum in the city, and more than 30 historical buildings listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.[75] The Geelong area hosts regular international events which are also tourist drawcards including the Australian International Airshow.
Geelong has a number of shopping precincts in the CBD and surrounding suburbs. The two main shopping centres are located in the CBD - Westfield Geelong and Market Square, with smaller centres in the suburbs including Belmont Plaza and Waurn Ponds Shopping Centre in the south, Bellarine Village in Newcomb in the east, and Corio Village Shopping Centre in the north.[11] The opening of the major shopping centres have seen a decline in strip shopping on Moorabool Street, with many empty shops and few customers.[76] Geelong is also home to Mitre 10's largest franchisees Fagg's operating five stores across the town and employing over 160 people.
Located in Geelong are major research laboratories, the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory in East Geelong, CSIRO Division of Textiles and Fibres Technology in Belmont and the Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute at Queenscliff.
Demographics[link]
| Population over time[10] | |
|---|---|
| 1841 | 454 |
| 1846 | 2,065 |
| 1851 | 8,291 |
| 1854 | 20,115 |
| 1861 | 22,929 |
| 1891 | 17,445 |
| 1901 | 25,017 |
| 1907 | 28,021 |
| 1921 | 31,689 |
| 1933 | 39,223 |
| 1946 | 51,000 |
| 1954 | 72,995 |
| 1961 | 91,666 |
| 1966 | 105,059 |
| 1976 | 122,080 |
| 1981 | 141,279 |
| 1988 | 146,349 |
| 2006 | 160,991 |
| 2009 | 179,971 |
| 2010 | 184,583 |
As of the 2006 Census, there were 160,000 people residing in 68,000 households. The median age of persons in Geelong was 37 years. 19.4% of the population of Geelong were children aged between 0–14 years, and 26.6% were persons aged 55 years and over.[1] Each dwelling is on average occupied by 2.59 persons, slightly lower than the state and national averages.[77] The median household income was $901 per week, $121 less than the state average, partly due to higher reliance on manufacturing for employment.[77] The population of Geelong is growing by 2500 people each year,[78] and the City of Greater Geelong had the highest rate of building activity in Victoria outside metropolitan Melbourne.[79]
78.4% of people from Geelong are Australian born, with the most common overseas birthplaces being: England (3.6%), Italy (1.1%), Croatia (1.0%), Netherlands (0.9%), Scotland (0.8%). 14.2% of households speak a language other than English in the home.[1] Notable ethnic groups in the city are the Croatian community, who first came to the city in the 1850s[80] and with migration since World War II are now the largest Croatian community in Australia,[81] and the German settlers who founded Germantown (now Grovedale) in 1849 to escape repression in Prussia for their Lutheran faith.[82]
The 2006 Census found the most common religious affiliations in Geelong were Catholicism at 29.4%. St Mary of the Angels Basilica is the largest congregation in the city. Other affiliations of resident of Geelong include No Religion 20.5%, Anglican 14.6%, Uniting Church 7.9% and Presbyterian and Reformed at 4.3%.[1] The city has a large number of traditional Christian churches, as well as Orthodox Christian churches in the northern suburbs.
Governance[link]
In local government, the Geelong region is covered by the City of Greater Geelong. The council was created in 1993 as an amalgamation of a number of other municipalities in the region,[45] with the council chambers located at the Geelong Town Hall in central Geelong. The City is made up of 12 wards, each represented by a councillor elected once every four years by postal voting.[83] The Mayor of Geelong is elected from these councillors by their colleagues for a one year term.[83]
In state politics, Geelong is located in the Legislative Assembly districts of Geelong, South Barwon, Lara, and Bellarine, with all seats with the exception of South Barwon currently held by the Australian Labor Party.[84]
In federal politics, Geelong is located in two House of Representatives divisions - the Division of Corio to the north of the Barwon River, and the Division of Corangamite to the south. The Division of Corio has been a safe Australian Labor Party since the 1970s, and was the seat of Richard Casey, a leading Cabinet member in the 1930s and later Governor-General, and Gordon Scholes, who was Speaker during the Whitlam government.[85] The Division of Corangamite had been a safe seat for the Liberal Party since the 1940s, and was the seat of the ninth Prime Minister of Australia James Scullin.[86] It was reclaimed by the Australian Labor Party for the first time since 1931 at the 2007 federal election.[87]
Culture[link]
Events and Festivals[link]
The Royal Geelong Show is held each year at the Geelong Showgrounds.
Other smaller events include Pako Festival, Gala Day Parade and Family Fun Day and the Geelong Heritage Festival run by the local branch of the National Trust.
Geelong also hosts an international photographic salon every two years. Vigex was first held in 1980.
Arts and entertainment[link]
Geelong is home to a number of pubs, nightclubs and live music venues and has also given birth to a number of notable Australian bands and musicians such as Barry Crocker,[88] Gyan Evans,[89] Magic Dirt,[90] Jeff Lang,[91] and Denis Walter.[92] Geelong also hosts festivals such as the Queenscliff Music Festival, Meredith Music Festival, the Offshore Festival, Poppykettle Festival and Pako Festa, and has a number of cultural venues, including the Geelong Performing Arts Centre (commonly known as GPAC),[93] the 1500 seat Costa Hall auditorium, and the Geelong Art Gallery.[94]
Media[link]
The Geelong Advertiser, the oldest newspaper title in Victoria and the second oldest in Australia,[95][96] was established in 1840. Also circulated are the free Geelong Independent, and Geelong News newspapers.
Geelong receives free-to-air television from Melbourne, including the community channel Channel 31. Networks offered are ABC, SBS, Seven Network, Nine Network & Network Ten. The Geelong region also receives cable and satellite television service through Pay-TV operators Foxtel & Neighbourhood Cable.
The local radio stations are K-Rock (rock & pop music station), Rhema FM (Christian community station), Hot Country Radio (country music station), The Pulse (community radio service), 3GPH (radio reading service), and Bay FM (adult contemporary). Transmitters for K-Rock, The Pulse, Rhema FM & Bay FM are located at a shared transmitter site on Mt Bellarine near Drysdale. Most radio stations from Melbourne can also be received clearly in Geelong and the surrounding region.
In popular culture[link]
Geelong has inspired many[who?]visual artists, with several celebrated works depicting the city including Eugene von Guerard who depicted early Geelong in sketches and oil paintings including View of Geelong.
Geelong is a popular filming location. The Geelong region was used as the setting of the SeaChange television series, filmed on location at Barwon Heads between 1998 and 2002.[97] The city has also been the filming location of a number of feature films; including the final scenes On the Beach (1959) at Barwon Heads,[98] Mad Max (1979) around Lovely Banks and Lara, Everynight ... Everynight (1994) at HM Prison Geelong, Ned Kelly (2003) and Ghost Rider (2007) at the Little River Earth Sanctuary,[99] December Boys (2007) in South Geelong at Kardinia Pool,[100] and Knowing (2008) on the Geelong Ring Road.[101]
Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named after Geelong, HMAS Geelong (J201) and HMAS Geelong (FCPB 215).
Education[link]
Main article: List of schools in Geelong
Geelong is served by a number of public and private schools that cater to local and overseas students. Over 40,000 primary and secondary students are enrolled in schools in Geelong, with another 27,000 students enrolled in tertiary and further education courses.[11] The first schools in Geelong were established when the town was settled from the 1850s, among them were the elite private schools The Geelong College and Geelong Grammar School.[73]
Geelong is also home to the oldest state secondary school in Victoria, Geelong High School, which has been serving the community since 1905; for over 100 years.
The Gordon Memorial Technical College opened in 1888, and is known today as the Gordon Institute of TAFE.[10] In 1976 the Gordon Institute was divided into two parts, with academic courses becoming part of the newly formed Deakin University based at the Waurn Ponds campus.[102] Deakin University enrolled its first students at its Waurn Ponds campus in 1977. Today the university is located on a 365 hectare site and has over 1,000 staff and over 4,000 on-campus students.[103] The university also has a campus located on the waterfront of Corio Bay in the Geelong CBD, and from 2008 the campus at Waurn Ponds will be home to Victoria's first regional medical school.[104]
Infrastructure[link]
Health[link]
The major public hospital is Geelong Hospital on Ryrie Street which services the entire region and the largest private hospital is the nearby St John of God Health Care centre on Myers Street. Prominent healthcare services include Geelong Health (Geelong West) and Barwon Health.
Utilities[link]
Water storage and supply in Geelong is managed by Barwon Water, a Victorian Government owned urban water corporation. Geelong is supplied with water from three river systems: the Barwon River, the East Moorabool River and the West Moorabool River. The catchment areas are the Brisbane Ranges to Geelong's north-west, and the Otway Ranges to the south-west. The first water supplies to Geelong were from the Stony Creek reservoirs near Steiglitz, but today the West Barwon Reservoir system supplies approximately 70 per cent of the water for Geelong.[105] Sewage from Geelong and district is treated at the Black Rock Treatment Plant at Breamlea and then discharged into Bass Strait.
Geelong was first supplied with electricity in 1902 when the Geelong power station opened on the corner of Yarra and Brougham Streets. Later known as 'Geelong A', the power station was rebuilt in 1920 to increase the capacity, with the station continued operating until 1961. In 1936 Geelong was connected to the state electrical grid. The 'Geelong B' power station at North Geelong opened in 1954,[37] and was closed in 1970 due to the much higher efficiency of the power stations in the Latrobe Valley. The supply of piped coal gas in Geelong started in 1860 by the Geelong Gas Company. The gasworks were located in North Geelong next to the North Geelong railway station.[106] Geelong was converted to natural gas in 1971, with the Geelong Gas Company being taken over by the Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria on 30 June 1971.[107]
Transportation[link]
The main form of transportation in Geelong is the automobile. Geelong is well-connected by roads to all of south-west Victoria, to Melbourne by the Princes Freeway (M1), to Warrnambool by the Princes Highway (A1), the Bellarine Peninsula by the Bellarine Highway (B110), Ballarat by the Midland Highway (A300), and to Hamilton by the Hamilton Highway (B140). The $380 million Geelong Ring Road bypasses the greater Geelong urban area exiting the Princes Highway near Corio to rejoin the highway at Waurn Ponds.[108] The "Lewis Bandt Bridge", named in honour of the Ford Australia engineer who is credited as the inventor of the ute (1934), in Geelong is a feature of the new road.[109]
Rail[link]
Geelong is a major hub for Rail transport in Victoria being at the junction of the Geelong line, Warrnambool V/Line rail service, Western standard gauge line and the Geelong-Ballarat railway line.[26] There are seven passenger railway stations in the urban area, all along the Geelong line and all operated by V/Line[110] None of these lines are electrified and trains servicing Geelong are currently Diesel engine powered. The Geelong line offers hourly VLocity fast passenger services to Melbourne which are popular with commuters. According to V/Line the Geelong line carries more passengers than any other regional rail line in Australia.[111] Passenger services run to Warrnambool three times connecting Geelong with Colac, Terang and Camperdown. Great Southern Railway's The Overland service between Melbourne and Adelaide also stops at North Shore three times per week.[112] Freight trains also operate from Melbourne to Geelong serving local industries,[63] as well as to Warrnambool and other western Victorian towns. The main Melbourne-Adelaide standard gauge line sees heavy use carrying interstate freight.
Port and airport[link]
The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, and is the sixth largest seaport in Australia by tonnage.[113] Major commodities include crude oil and petroleum products, export grain and woodchips, alumina imports, and fertiliser.[114] The Bellarine Peninsula has been linked to the Mornington Peninsula since 1987[115] by the Searoad ferry, which runs every hour using two roll-on/roll-off ferries.[116]
Avalon Airport is located approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) to the north-east of the city of Geelong. It was established in 1953 to cater for the production of military aircraft.[117] It was also used for the repair of commercial aircraft, and for pilot training. Avalon Airport has also been home to low cost airline Jetstar Airways since 2004.[48] Flights to Brisbane and Sydney use the airport. Avalon Airport is the venue for 'Thunder Down Under' Australian International Airshow every other year.
Bus and taxi[link]
A bus network covering the city centre and most surrounding suburbs providing public transport. They are operated under the umbrella of the Geelong Transit System, and are contracted to Benders Busways and McHarry's Buslines.[118] Another government transport initiative, Bellarine Transit, is contracted to McHarry's Buslines and provides interurban services between Geelong and the towns of Torquay, Barwon Heads, Ocean Grove and the Bellarine Peninsula.[110] V/Line services link Geelong with Ballarat, Daylesford, Bendigo, Apollo Bay, the Great Ocean Road, the Twelve Apostles and Warrnambool.[110]
Taxi services in Geelong are provided by Geelong Taxi Network, a newly formed depot following the effective merger of Bay City Cabs and Geelong Radio Cabs in July 2007.[119] The majority of the network covers the city and suburban areas of the city, with "urban" classification for the vehicles in use. The Bellarine Peninsula, and Torquay areas, although part of Geelong Taxi Network, are both covered by separate "country" classification taxis. There are often disputes in regards to different taxis from one licence area, picking up work from either of the other two licence areas, which is illegal in most circumstances under current taxi regulations in Victoria.[120] Call centre and radio dispatch services for the new combined network are provided by Silver Top Taxis in Melbourne.
Geelong also has many kilometres of bicycle trails covering the shores of Corio Bay and the Barwon River parklands, in addition to the Bellarine Rail Trail.[121]
Sports[link]
Geelong is home to the Geelong Football Club Australian Football League team, the second oldest AFL club[122] and one of the oldest in the world. For many years it was the only VFL/AFL club to exist outside of the greater Melbourne metropolitan area. It continues to participate in the national competition, based at Kardinia Park stadium and Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, and also fields a reserves side in the Victorian Football League.[122] The club won the 2007 grand final against Port Adelaide by 119 points, the biggest grand final winning margin in history and the first Geelong premiership victory for 44 years.[123] The club also won the 2009 and 2011 AFL grand finals held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. There are also three independent football leagues running in the area, the Geelong Football League, the Geelong & District Football League, and the Bellarine Football League.[124]
Geelong has a horse racing club, the Geelong Racing Club, which schedules around 22 race meetings a year including the Geelong Cup meeting in October.[125] The Geelong Cup was first run in 1872,[126] and is considered one of the most reliable guides to the result of the Melbourne Cup.[127] It also has a picnic horse racing club, Geelong St Patricks Racing Club, which holds its one race meeting a year in February.[128]
Geelong Harness Racing Club conducts regular meetings at its racetrack at Corio,[129] and the Geelong Greyhound Racing Club holds regular meetings.[130]
The Geelong Baseball Centre in Waurn Ponds is home of the Geelong Baycats. The Baycats are the only provincial team in Baseball Victoria's Division One competition and were the 2005/2006 State Champions. The Geelong Baseball Centre has hosted a number of National Championship, the 2002 Women's World Championships and was home to the Chiba Lotte Marines for spring training in 2005 and 2006.
The Arena stadium in North Geelong is the home of the Geelong Supercats basketball team, and was also used during the 2006 Commonwealth Games for basketball matches.[131]
The Eastern Beach foreshore and nearby Eastern Gardens regularly host internationally televised triathlons, and annual sports car and racing car events such as the Geelong Speed Trials.[132]
Corio Bay is also host to many sailing and yachting events. Geelong also has many golf courses, sporting and recreation ovals and playing fields, as well as facilities for water skiing, rowing, fishing, hiking, and greyhound and harness racing.[133] Geelong Athletics holds athletic competitions during both the summer and winter months including high profile events such as Victorian and sometimes national and international track and field meets.
See also[link]
.svg){kind=small}
- Geelong Field Naturalists Club
- List of Heritage listed buildings in Geelong
- List of Mayors of Geelong
- Category:People from Geelong
- Electoral district of Geelong
References[link]
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- ^ a b "Strategic plan to manage urban growth south of Geelong". City of Greater Geelong website. 12 April 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-09-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20070909101112/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Media_Releases/April_2005/Strategic_plan_to_manage_urban_growth_south_of_Geelong/. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
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- ^ "Premier announces new TAC site in Geelong". Transport Accident Commission website. http://www.tac.vic.gov.au/jsp/content/NavigationController.do?areaID=23&tierID=1&navID=63CC12CD7F00000101A5D19311EC6AC2&navLink=null&pageID=1323. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
- ^ "Move or move on, TAC workers told". The Age (Melbourne). 16 December 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/move-or-move-on-tac-workers-told/2005/12/16/1134703611302.html. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
- ^ Begg, Peter Twin towers earmarked for Mercer St Geelong Advertiser. 10 July 2008
- ^ Geelong Western Edge
- ^ "Ford's Geelong plant to close, 600 jobs lost". ABC News. 18 July 2007. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/07/18/1981686.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ "Seadragon Winning Design for Geelong Icon". JOH Architects. 1 April 2012. http://www.joharchitects.com.au/gallery/commercial/geelong-icon/. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- ^ a b Loney, Jack (1988). The Historic Barwon. Portarlington, Vic.: J. Lonely. ISBN 0-909191-37-9.
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- ^ "Geelong Wine Fact Sheet". City of Greater Geelong website. Archived from the original on 2007-11-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20071106212051/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Visiting_Geelong/Food_and_Wine/Geelong_Wine_Fact_Sheet/. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
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- ^ a b c "Greater Geelong Planning Scheme (Section 21.22 INDUSTRY)" (DOC). Victoria Department of Planning and Community Development website. 2006-01-19. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20080409224729/http://www.psdocs.dpcd.vic.gov.au/public/Greater+Geelong/21_mss22_ggee.doc. Retrieved 2007-12-25. (via Google)
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- ^ "Climate Averages for AVALON AIRPORT". Bureau of Meteorology website. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087113_All.shtml. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
- ^ Victoria annual rainfall
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- ^ "Geelong's population surges". Geelong Advertiser website. 7 December 2007. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2007/12/07/9510_news.html. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ^ "GEELONG REGION CONTINUES TO GROW". Press release from the state Minister of Planning. 10 February 2005. http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/bc348d5912436a9cca256cfc0082d800/d3a895de9a7a63b1ca256fa500247ee5!OpenDocument. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ^ Šutalo, Ilija (2004). Croatians in Australia: Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants. Wakefield Press. ISBN 1-86254-651-7.
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- ^ Pescott, John (1985). South Barwon 1857 - 1985. Neptune Press. ISBN 0-949583-53-7.
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- ^ "State Election 2006 Results: Electorate swings". Victorian Electoral Commission website. Archived from the original on 2007-11-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20071130000929/http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/electorateswing.html. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ "Divisional Profiles: Corio". Australian Electoral Commission website. http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/c/Corio.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
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- ^ "Seats won in the 2007 Federal Election". Australian Electoral Commission website. http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/website/HouseSeatsWon-13745-NAT.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-16. [dead link]
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- ^ "Press: Middle-ground Man". Jeff Lang official website. Archived from the original on 2007-08-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070829102318/http://www.jefflang.com.au/pressage.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "Denis Walter profile". 3AW website. http://www.mytalk.com.au/Stations_OLD/Talk/3AW/Pages/ProfileDenisWalter.aspx. Retrieved 2007-12-30. [dead link]
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- ^ "Arts Venues". City of Greater Geelong website. Archived from the original on 2007-09-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20070902154410/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Visiting_Geelong/Arts_and_Culture/Arts_Venues/. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "About The Geelong Advertiser". Geelong Advertiser website. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/about.html. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
- ^ "Oldest newspapers still in circulation". World Association of Newspapers website. http://www.wan-press.org/article2823.html. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
- ^ "Barwon Heads bridge wins its own sea change". The Age website (Melbourne). 16 March 2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/bridge-wins-own-sea-change/2007/03/15/1173722655212.html. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
- ^ "The Town of Barwon Heads". http://www.barwonheads.net/TOWN/ABOUT.HTM. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ "Little River Earth Sanctuary". The Great Outdoors - Yahoo!7 Travel website. 23 June 2003. http://au.travel.yahoo.com/great-outdoors/australia/victoria/melbourne/little-river-earth-sanctuary-victoria.html. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
- ^ "Filming locations for December Boys (2007)". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0465436/locations. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
- ^ "Geelong filming of Nicholas Cage movie delayed". Geelong Advertiser. www.geelongadvertiser.com.au. 29 April 2008. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2008/04/29/13444_news.html. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
- ^ "History 1941 - Today". Gordon Institute of TAFE website. http://www.gordontafe.edu.au/index.cfm?action=2&secAction=7&terAction=2&pageAction=2. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
- ^ "Waurn Ponds campus". Deakin University website. http://www.deakin.edu.au/campuses/waurnponds.php. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
- ^ "Deakin medical school begins search for students". Geelong Advertiser website. 18 September 2007. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2007/09/18/6933_news.html. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "Barwon Water - About Us". Barwon Water website. http://www.barwonwater.vic.gov.au/index.cfm?h2o=corporate.about_us. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ The Geelong Gas Company 1858 - 1958: 100 years of public service and progressive development
- ^ "GEELONG GAS COMPANY LIMITED". deListed website. http://www.delisted.com.au/Company/3376/GEELONG%20GAS%20COMPANY%20LIMITED. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ^ "About Geelong Ring Road". VicRoads website. http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/Home/RoadsAndProjects/RoadProjects/RegionalVictoria/GeelongRingRoad/default.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ "Brumby Declares Geelong Ring Road Open". Geelong Advertiser. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2008/12/14/37395_news.html.
- ^ a b c "Greater Geelong". Viclink website. http://www.viclink.com.au/location/view/19. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ How busy is my Geelong train? V/Line
- ^ "The Overland Homepage". Great Southern Railway website. Archived from the original on 2007-12-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20071210234651/http://www.gsr.com.au/our-trains/the-overland/the-journey.php. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ "City of Greater Geelong - Sea". City of Greater Geelong website. Archived from the original on 2007-09-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20070903094716/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Accessing_Council/Transportation/Sea/. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ "'Geelong port contributes $500mn a year to Victoria'". The Age (Melbourne). 12 September 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/geelong-port-contributes-500mn-a-year-to-victoria/2005/09/11/1126377204533.html. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ Peninsular Stamp Club (1987). Notes on the inauguration of the Peninsular Princess car / passenger ferry.
- ^ "DEPUTY PREMIER LAUNCHES $12 MILLION QUEENSCLIFF TO SORRENTO FERRY". Media Release from the Office of the Premier. 22 April 2001. http://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/MediaRelArc02.nsf/d025c300601da9dc4a25688e00143d49/e9fa53d63dc6e4ac4a256b510080ffb2!OpenDocument&Click=. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
- ^ "Avalon Hangar Conversion for Qantas? Skybed Fit-Out Adds to Meinhardt Aviation Portfolio". Meinhardt website. 10 December 2003. http://www.meinhardt.com.au/newsdeskdetail.php?nid=84. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ "Geelong Transit System". McHarry's Buslines website. Archived from the original on 2007-11-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20071122183219/http://www.mcharrys.com.au/McHGTS.html. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ "2 into 1 Geelong taxi service". Geelong Times. 2007-05-02. http://www.thegeelongtimes.com.au/news/View_Item.asp?task=edit&id=108. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Move to Ban Bellarine Taxis in Geelong". Geelong Advertiser. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2008/09/25/18765_news.html.
- ^ "Bike Trails: Barwon River and Geelong Foreshore". City of Greater Geelong. Archived from the original on 2007-09-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20070902064240/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Services_In_Geelong/Sports_and_Recreation/Bike_Trails/Barwon_River_and_Geelong_Foreshore/. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
- ^ a b "Geelong Football Club history". Geelong Football Club. http://www.gfc.com.au/TheClub/History/GFCHistory/tabid/4015/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ "Drought over: Cats win by massive 119 points". Geelong Football Club website. http://www.gfc.com.au/Season2007/News/NewsArticle/tabid/3933/Default.aspx?newsId=51933. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ DARYL McLURE (24 May 2008). "Kick to kick". The Geelong Advertiser. www.geelongadvertiser.com.au. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2008/05/24/14299_opinion.html. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
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- ^ "Past Winners". Geelong Racing Club website. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20071009151425/http://www.grc.com.au/cuppastwinners.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ "Geelong Cup again a good guide". The Age website (Melbourne). 23 October 2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/horse-racing/geelong-cup-again-a-good-guide/2007/10/22/1192940984902.html. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
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- ^ "The Arena, Geelong". Office of Commonwealth Games Coordination website. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20070808180500/http://www1.dvc.vic.gov.au/ocgc/traffic+and+transport/guide/the-arena-geelong.html. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ "Home Page". Geelong Speed Trials. http://www.geelongspeedtrials.com. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ "Reserves Listing". City of Greater Geelong website. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20071214142509/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Services_In_Geelong/Sports_and_Recreation/Reserves_Listing/. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
External links[link]
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- Official Geelong Government Site
- Official Website of the Geelong Otway Tourism Region of the Great Ocean Road
- Official G21 - Geelong Region Alliance Site including Growth Statistics
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| The Honourable Jeff Kennett AC |
|
|---|---|
 |
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| 43rd Premier of Victoria | |
| In office 6 October 1992 – 20 October 1999 |
|
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Deputy | Pat McNamara |
| Preceded by | Joan Kirner |
| Succeeded by | Steve Bracks |
| Constituency | Burwood |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jeffrey Gibb Kennett (1948-03-02) 2 March 1948 (age 64) Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Political party | Liberal Party of Australia |
| Spouse(s) | Felicity Kellar (m. 1972) |
Jeffrey Gibb Kennett AC (born 2 March 1948), a former Australian politician, was the Premier of Victoria between 1992 and 1999. He was the President of Hawthorn Football Club from 2005 - 2011. He is the founding Chairman of beyondblue, a national depression initiative.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Kennett was born in Melbourne on 2 March 1948, and educated at Scotch College.[1] Kennett was an unexceptional student academically, but did well in Scotch's Cadet Corps Unit. His failure to rise above the middle band academically almost led him to quit school in Fourth Form (Year 10 – 1963), but he was persuaded to stay on. His Fifth and Sixth Forms were an improvement, but he was still described in school reports as "[a] confident and at times helpful boy. Sometimes irritates. Sometimes works hard" (1964), and "[a] keen, pleasant, though sometimes erratic boy" (1965).[2]
After leaving school, Kennett was persuaded by his father Ken to attend the Australian National University in Canberra, but lost interest and dropped out after one year of an economics degree. He returned to Melbourne and found work in the advertising department of the retail giant Myer – kindling an interest for advertising that would one day earn him his living.[3]
Kennett's life in the regular workforce was cut short when, in 1968, he was conscripted into the Australian Army.[4] Kennett was singled out as 'officer material' early in his career, and graduated third in his class from the gruelling Officer Training Unit (OTU) Scheyville, near Windsor, New South Wales, outside Sydney. He was posted to Malaysia and Singapore as Second Lieutenant, commander of 1st Platoon, A Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR).[5] This military career (and his earlier experience in the Scotch College Cadet Corps) has been noted by many biographers as an essential formative influence on the adult Kennett's character. His sense and regard for hierarchical loyalty, punctuality, and general intolerance of dissent or disobedience may be traced to this period.[6]
Kennett returned to civilian life in 1970, reentering a deeply divided Australian society, split by the Vietnam War, of which Kennett was a firm supporter. Having returned to Myer, Kennett became impatient with his work, and so with Ian Fegan and Eran Nicols, he formed his own advertising company (KNF) in June 1971.[7] Thereafter, in December 1972, Kennett married Felicity Kellar, an old friend whom he had first met on the Number 7 tram on the long trips to school. Their first son, Ed, was born in 1974, followed by a daughter Amy, and two more sons, Angus and Ross.
Political career[link]
Interested in local politics since the early 1970s, Kennett was elected as a Liberal Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Burwood in 1976.[8] His preselection for the seat reportedly irritated then Premier Dick Hamer, who disliked Kennett's campaigning style, and had endorsed the sitting member, Haddon Storey.[8] Entering Hamer's government, Kennett was soon appointed Minister for Housing, Immigration and Ethnic Affairs in 1981. He retained this post when Hamer was replaced as Liberal leader and Premier by Lindsay Thompson in June of that year.[8] Following the defeat of the longstanding Liberal government in 1982, Kennett was the leading candidate to replace Lindsay Thompson, and on 26 October, he was elected Leader of the Liberal Party, despite being the youngest member of the outgoing Cabinet. He was an aggressive Leader of the Opposition, and was much criticised for his "bull-in-a-china-shop" style and his populist anti-government rhetoric.[9]
Kennett's performance as Opposition Leader is a subject of debate. Economou sees his 1985 and 1988 election campaigns as weak,[10] while Parkinson believes he was a significant asset in pushing the Labor government of John Cain in several key seats.[11] Whether judged a success or not, Kennett soon faced a challenge to his leadership of the party from Ian Smith. Kennett survived easily, but increasingly, he seemed an erratic and unapproachable leader. He faced two more challenges to his leadership in 1986 and 1987 respectively.[10] In 1987, in one notable incident Kennett referred to the Federal Liberal leader John Howard using colourful language in a mobile telephone conversation with Howard rival Andrew Peacock.[12] The car-phone conversation damaged both Howard and Kennett, but aided Peacock in his push to return as Federal Liberal leader (1989).[13]
Toward the end of its second term the Cain government had endured some loss in support and the Liberals were considered a good chance of winning the 1988 election. When Cain was returned with a small but workable majority, Kennett was again criticised within his own party, and in 1989 he was deposed as leader and replaced by Alan Brown, a little-known rural Member of the Legislative Assembly. A furious Kennett described Alan Hunt, the instigator of the coup, as "a man never to be trusted"[citation needed]. He publicly pledged never to attempt a return to the Liberal leadership, but when Brown proved unable to challenge the government effectively, he allowed his supporters to stage a shock party-room coup and restore him to the leadership, unopposed, in 1991.
First term as premier[link]
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Given the parlous state of Victoria's finances being in billions of dollars in debt, Kennett was seen from the beginning of his second leadership stint as 'Premier-in-waiting'. The Liberals (in coalition with the National Party of Australia) won the October 1992 election in a landslide as a result of the public's disillusionment with the Labor government. In the second-largest landslide in history, the Liberals and Nationals attained a 34-seat majority in the Legislative Assembly and were thus uniquely placed to govern with little restraint.[citation needed]
In office, Kennett immediately instituted one of the most effective budget-cutting and privatisation programs undertaken by any Victorian government, in an effort to improve the State's economy. Having assumed office, the need for such effective action was reinforced when Kennett and his new Treasurer Alan Stockdale discovered that the outgoing government had left them with $2.2 billion budget deficit, a net public sector debt of $33 billion and budget sector debt of $16 billion. To combat this debt, some 50,000 public servants were retrenched between 1992 and 1995.
Moreover, in the first three years of the 'Kennett Revolution' (as the Premier himself came to term it), government funding for the public school system was slashed, with 350 government schools closed, and 7,000 teaching jobs removed. Other highly controversial moves included the sacking of 16,000 public transport workers in a major technological upgrade of the system, and the initiation of a huge scheme for privatisation of state-owned services, including the electricity (SECV) and gas (Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria) utilities, ambulance service, as well as several prisons and other minor services. The sale of the Totalisator Agency Board raised $609 million.Between 1995 and 1998, $29 billion of state assets in gas and electricity alone were sold to private enterprise (for statistics, see Parkinson, Jeff, 1999). [14]. In the wake of these changes, investment and population growth slowly resumed, though unemployment was to remain above the national average for the duration of Kennett's premiership. While the benefits to the State budget figures were indisputable, the social and longer-term economic cost of the Kennett reforms was questioned by many commentators, academics and those who suffered economically through the period of reform.[citation needed] This campaign of privatisations and cutbacks led to governmental acts of privatisation or budget-cutting becoming popularly known as being "Jeffed".[15][16]
The largest public protest in Melbourne since the Vietnam War occurred on 10 November 1992, with an estimated 100,000 people marching in opposition to the retrenchment of so many workers and the massive budget cutbacks. Kennett was notably undeterred by this protest, and famously commented that though there were 100,000 outside his office that day, there were 4.5 million who stayed at home or at work.[citation needed]
It is difficult to assess the merits or otherwise of Kennett's 'Revolution' in his first term, as many (including Auditor-General Ches Baragwanath) estimate that the true value of the reforms will not be apparent until well into the 21st century.[citation needed]
The Kennett government also embarked on a series of high-profile capital works projects, such as the restoration of Parliament House (never completed), construction of a new $250 million Melbourne Museum and IMAX theatre, and a new $130 million Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre (still known colloquially as 'Jeff's Shed'). Other projects, made possible in monetary terms by the early cutbacks and budget restructuring, included a $160 million expansion of the National Gallery of Victoria; $100 million for refurbishment of the State Library of Victoria; $65 million for a new Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (MSAC); and $130 million for the construction of a new civic square on the site of the old Gas and Fuel Buildings, to be known as Federation Square.
The poaching of the Formula 1 Grand Prix from Adelaide in 1993 was a particular coup for Kennett, who had worked hard with his friend Ron Walker, the Chairman of the Melbourne Major Events Company, helped deliver Melbourne the hosting rights for the event from Adelaide in 1993.[17]
The most controversial project of the Kennett era was the $1.85 billion Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex, a gambling and entertainment centre on Melbourne's Southbank. Initial plans for a casino had been made under the Labor government, however the tendering process and construction occurred under Kennett. Allegations of financial inconsistencies in the tendering process (which eventually saw longtime Kennett supporters Ron Walker and Lloyd Williams successful) were to dog the Kennett government for many years, despite the verdict of an enquiry which found no wrongdoing on its behalf.[citation needed]
A $2 billion project to redevelop Melbourne's derelict Docklands area to include a new football stadium was also undertaken, in addition to the massive CityLink project, a project resurrected from the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, aimed at linking Melbourne's freeways, easing traffic problems in the inner city, and reducing commuting times from the outer suburbs to the CBD.[citation needed]
Second term as premier[link]
Kennett's personal popularity remained high through his first term, though that of the government as a whole went through peaks and troughs. Without a by-election in the previous four years, the 1996 election shaped up as the first test of the 'Kennett Revolution' with the electorate. Though expected to win, the scale of the victory was unanticipated. On 30 March 1996, Kennett was reelected with a 32-seat majority, his prestige seemingly undiminished.
Kennett was influential in Melbourne bidding for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Three cities initially expressed interest in hosting the event; Melbourne, Wellington and Singapore. Singapore dropped out before its bid was officially selected by the Commonwealth Games Federation, leaving only two candidate cities. In the weeks prior to the announcement of the 2006 host, Wellington withdrew its bid, citing the costs involved with matching the bid plan presented by Melbourne, which became the default host without members of the Federation going to vote. [18]
Several worrying trends (for the Liberals) were obscured somewhat by the euphoria of victory. The government's sharp cuts to government services were particularly resented in country Victoria, where the Liberals and their coalition partners, National Party held almost all the seats. The loss of the Mildura seat to an independent Russell Savage was an indication of this disaffection, and when in February 1997 independent Susan Davies was elected to the seat of Gippsland West, this trend seemed set to continue.
However, the verdict of many was that the 'Kennett Revolution' was far from over – indeed it was seemingly set in stone with the opening of the Crown Casino in May 1997. Kennett's profile continued to grow as he became a major commentator on national issues, including urging the new government of John Howard to introduce tax reform, and actively opposing the rise of the One Nation Party of Pauline Hanson. In this last case, Kennett did not shy away from criticising the media, but also the intransigence of the Howard government over its failure to actively oppose Hanson's agenda.[19]
The government lost ground over the next few years, with high-profile disagreements with the Director of Public Prosecutions Bernard Bongiorno, and Auditor-General Ches Baragwanath fuelling criticism of Kennett's governmental style. Kennett's antipathy to Baragwanath led to 1997 legislation to restructure the office of the Auditor-General and set up Audit Victoria. While Kennett promised the independence of the office would be maintained, many saw his government's actions as an attempt to curb the Auditor-General's power to criticise government policy.[20] Widespread community debate and substantial public dissent from Liberal MPs and Party members ensued, with MLA Roger Pescott resigning from Parliament at the height of the debate; citing his disagreement with this Bill and Kennett's style in general. The Liberal Party lost the by-election in Mitcham.
Further scandals involving the handling of contracts for the state emergency services response system damaged the credibility of Kennett in 1997–1998, while rural dissent continued to grow.
Personal difficulties also began to plague Kennett and his family. The strains of public life led to a trial separation between Felicity and Jeff in early 1998 (patched up by the end of the year), while earlier in Kennett's first term, public scrutiny had led to the forced sale of the KNF Advertising Company, despite all Kennett's involvement having been transferred to his wife's name. There were rumours in 1998 that Kennett might retire from politics; these were mostly centred around Phil Gude, a longtime minister (as Industry and Employment Minister, 1992–1996, and Minister for Education, 1996–1999). These eventually came to nothing, but nevertheless, Kennett's position was no longer as rock solid as in the period 1992–1998.
In July 1998, Liberal MP Peter McLellan, Member for Frankston East, resigned from the party in protest over alleged corrupt Liberal Party Senate preselection, changes to WorkCover and the auditor-general’s office. Again, Kennett failed to pick up the warning signs of declining support for his style of leadership.
Labor leader John Brumby took care to capitalise on each of Kennett's mistakes over this period, though his absences in rural electorates were misunderstood by many Labor MPs, and led to his replacement by Steve Bracks in early 1999. Bracks, who came from Ballarat, was popular in rural areas and was seen as a fresh alternative to Brumby, who nevertheless remained a key figure in the shadow Cabinet. Despite the appeal of Bracks, Kennett entered the 1999 election campaign with a seemingly unassailable lead, and most commentators and opinion polls agreed that he would win a third term. On the morning of the election a leading political journalist, Ewen Hannan, predicted that 'Labor supporters will be crying into their beers tonight'.[citation needed]
1999 election loss[link]
The Liberals lost 13 seats to Labor, led by Steve Bracks, at the 1999 election, most of them in regional centres such as Ballarat and Bendigo. The final result in the Legislative Assembly was: Labor, 42 seats; the Liberals and Nationals, 43; with three independents holding the balance of power. Independents Russell Savage and Susan Davies were joined by a third Independent, Craig Ingram. Negotiations began between Kennett's Liberal Party and the three independents. While Kennett acceded to their demands, his perceived poor treatment of Savage and Davies in the previous parliament meant that they held a position that they would never agree to support a Liberal Party minority government while Kennett remained leader. The Liberal negotiators did not reveal this to their party and Labor was ultimately successful in winning their support to form a government, after signing a Charter of Good Government, pledging to restore services to rural areas, and promising parliamentary reforms.
The defeat of the Kennett government was almost totally unexpected. Kennett's supporters urged the Liberal Party to force a vote of 'no confidence' on the floor of the parliament in a last-ditch effort to force Savage, Davies and Ingram to support the Liberal government; however with the Liberal Party divided on Kennett's future role, Kennett resigned as Leader of the Liberal Party and from Parliament, saying he wished to have no further involvement in politics. The consequent Burwood by-election was won by the Labor Party.
Rumoured returns to politics[link]
After the Liberals' second election defeat in 2002, rumours began that Kennett was planning a comeback to politics. The issue came to a head in May 2006 after the sudden resignation of the Liberal Party leader, Robert Doyle, when Kennett announced he would contemplate standing in a by-election for the seat vacated by Doyle and offering himself as party leader. His stance was supported by Prime Minister John Howard, who rated him as the party's best hope to win the November 2006 state election. But within 24 hours Kennett announced he would not return to Parliament rather than running against Ted Baillieu, whom Kennett had been grooming for the top post since 1999.[21][22] John Howard was reported to have been "embarrassed" by having publicly supported Kennett before his decision not to re-enter politics.[23]
In 2008, it was rumoured that Kennett was intending to stand for Lord Mayor of Melbourne. Despite endorsing future Lord Mayor John So in the 2001 mayoral elections, Kennett was quoted as saying "I think the city is ready for a change". Kennett claimed he had been approached by "a range of interests" to run for the position, but in the end did not do so.[24] Former Liberal leader Robert Doyle ultimately won the election.
Life after politics[link]
In 2000 Kennett became the inaugural chairman of beyondblue (the National Depression Initiative), a body that was largely formed by the efforts of the Victorian State Government. On 24 June 2008, he announced that he would be stepping down from his role at beyondblue at the end of 2010[25][26]. This did not happen.
For a brief period during 2002, Kennett was a radio presenter for Melbourne station 3AK, continuing an interest in mass communication which was also a feature of his premiership. He also serves on the boards of Australian Seniors Finance,[27] a reverse mortgage company, and SelecTV, a satellite television group.
On 14 December 2005 Kennett was made President of Hawthorn Football Club, taking over from Ian Dicker.[28]
In the Australia Day Honours of 2005, Kennett received Australia's highest civilian honour, when he was made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).[29] He was also awarded an honorary doctorate – Hon DBus (Honoris Causa) – by the University of Ballarat.
Mr Kennett said in an interview he rarely thinks anymore about the media or "bloody history", though he does still regret the "disastrous" introduction of the Metcard ticketing system for trains and trams.[30]
Kennett angered gay rights groups in July 2008 when he supported the Bonnie Doon Football Club in their sacking of trainer Ken Campagnolo for being bisexual; and compared homosexuality to pedophilia.[31] Anti-discrimination campaigner Gary Burns pursued an action in the NSW Administrative Decisions Tribunal against Kennett for making the following statement:
"The club felt that once this had been pointed out and you had this gentleman there who was obviously close to young men – massaging young men – it ran an unnecessary risk, and that's why it decided it was best that he not perform those duties again. So the club was trying to do the right thing," [32]
The case was dropped due to Gary Burns' lack of funds to pursue the case.[32]
In 2011 Kennett was again accused of homophobia when he stated children have better mental health if raised in heterosexual marriages.[33]
Publications[link]
- Kennett, Jeff. Policies and principles for Victoria, Melbourne: Sir Robert Menzies Lecture Trust, Monash University, 1993.
- Kennett, Jeff. Victoria's Commonsense Revolution, Melbourne: Alfred Deakin Lecture Trust, 1995.
- Kennett, Jeff. Australia – defining a model for the new millennium, London: University of London, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, 1998.
Further reading[link]
- Aldford, John & O'Neill, Deirdre (eds), Contract State: public management and the Kennett government, Geelong: Centre for Applied Research, 1994. 192 pages. ISBN 0-7300-2111-4
- Costar, Brian & Economou, Nick (eds), The Kennett revolution : Victorian politics in the 1990s, Sydney: UNSW Press, 1999. 274 pages. ISBN 0-86840-545-0
- Donovan, Barry (2000). Steve Bracks and Jeff Kennett: My part in their rise and fall, Melbourne: Information Australia. 224 pages. ISBN 1-86350-304-8
- Parkinson, Tony (2000). Jeff: The Rise and Fall of a Political Phenomenon, Penguin: Melbourne. 471 pages. ISBN 0-670-88778-1
- Strangio, Paul & Costar, Brian (eds) (2006). The Victorian Premiers: 1856–2006, Annandale: Federation Press. ISBN 1-86287-601-0
References[link]
- ^ Nick Economou, 'Jeff Kennett: The Larrikin Metropolitan', in Paul Strangio and Brian Costar (eds), The Victorian Premiers: 1856–2006, Annandale: Federation Press, 2006, p.365.
- ^ Tony Parkinson, Jeff: The Rise and Fall of a Political Phenomenon, Ringwood: Penguin, 2000, p.19.
- ^ Parkinson, Jef, pp.22–23.
- ^ Parkinson, Jef, p.24.
- ^ Parkinson, Jeff, pp.25, 29.
- ^ Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', pp.365–366.
- ^ Parkinson, Jeff, p.36.
- ^ a b c Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', p.366.
- ^ Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', pp.367 & Cartoon 10 between pp.146–147.
- ^ a b Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', p.368.
- ^ Parkinson, Jeff, pp.69–71.
- ^ australianpolitics.com (1995–2006)
- ^ Kennett-Peacock Car Phone Conversation. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
- ^ www.dtf.vic.au/CA25713E0002EF43/WebObj/BP4Final/$File/BPFinal.pdf
- ^ www.hansard.act.gov.au/Hansard/1997/week06/1825.htm
- ^ www.hansard.act.gov.au/hansard/1997/week11/3569.htm
- ^ Grand prix got Victoria on the move again: Kennett, By Jason Dowling, 20 March 2010, The Age
- ^ Official Newsletter Volume 2, No 1 May 1999, Commonwealth Games Australia
- ^ George Megalogenis, The Longest Decade, Carlton North: Scribe, 2006, pp.212–213.
- ^ John Waugh, 'The Kennett Government and the Constitution: No Change?', in Brian Costar & Nicholas Edonomou, The Kennett Revolution: Victorian Politics in the 1990s, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1999, pp.59, 61.
- ^ Harrison, Dan (5 May 2006). "Kennett calls it quits". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/kennett-calls-it-quits/2006/05/05/1146335899587.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1.
- ^ Silkstone, Dan (6 May 2006). "Jeff admits: I asked Ted the wrong question". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/jeff-admits-i-asked-ted-the-wrong-question/2006/05/05/1146335926876.html.
- ^ Austin and Tomazin, Paul and Farrah (6 May 2006). "Kennett backdown infuriates Howard". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/kennett-backdown-infuriates-pm/2006/05/05/1146335926867.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1.
- ^ Ferguson, John (24 July 2008). "Mayor race: Eddie McGuire says no, but Jeff Kennett might say yes". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24067822-661,00.html.
- ^ http://www.mytalk.com.au/Stations/Talk/3AW/Pages/default.aspx[dead link]
- ^ http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/584656/kennett-to-step-down-from-beyondblue
- ^ Australian Seniors Finance (2006). The people behind the company. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
- ^ Official AFL Website of the Hawthorn Football Club (2006). Hawthorn FC Board: Jeff Kennett – President. Retrieved 6 March 2006.
- ^ It's an Honour – Companion of the Order of Australia
- ^ Money, Lawrence (February 2009). "Sensitive new-age Jeff". Royal Auto (RACV) 77 (1): 16–19.
- ^ Jeff kennett gay storm Herald Sun
- ^ a b Gay activist drops case against Kennett Sydney Morning Herald 8 September 2009
- ^ Children need mum and dad for best mental health by Jeff Kennett- Herald Sun 9 September, 2011
External links[link]
| Find more about Jeff Kennett on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
| Victorian Legislative Assembly | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by New electorate |
Member for Burwood 1976–1999 |
Succeeded by Bob Stensholt |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Joan Kirner |
Premier of Victoria 1992–1999 |
Succeeded by Steve Bracks |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Lindsay Thompson |
Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in Victoria 1982–1989 |
Succeeded by Alan Brown |
| Preceded by Alan Brown |
Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in Victoria 1991–1999 |
Succeeded by Denis Napthine |
|
|||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kennett, Jeff |
| Alternative names | Kennett, Jeffrey Gibb (full name) |
| Short description | Australian politician; Premier of Victoria (1992–1999) |
| Date of birth | 2 March 1948 |
| Place of birth | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
