- published: 10 Dec 2009
- views: 2896734
- author: wzamen01
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Loading...
Branches of Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
- Dynamical systems and differential equations
- Mathematical physics
- Computing
- Information theory and signal processing
- Probability and statistics
- Game theory
- Operations research
Related Topics
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Linear Equations
- Applied Physics
- Nano Technology
- Engineering Sciences
- Mathematical Medicine
- Fluid dynamics
- Computational Mathematics
- Gamma Ray Optics
- Onfrared Optics
- Relative Velocity
- Iciam
- Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience Research
- Quantum Cosmology
- Brain Research
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- A. Merritt
- Abdul Alhazred
- Age of Enlightenment
- Agnosticism
- Alan Moore
- Albany, New York
- Algernon Blackwood
- All Nightmare Long
- Allegory
- Alliteration
- Alone in the Dark
- Ambrose Bierce
- American Revolution
- Amy H. Sturgis
- Anaphora (rhetoric)
- Anchorhead
- Andrew Lang
- Andrew Migliore
- Anglo-Saxons
- Anti-modern
- Arcana Force
- Archaeology
- Archaism
- Argosy (magazine)
- Arkham
- Arkham Asylum
- Arkham Horror
- Arkham House
- Arthur Jermyn
- Arthur Machen
- Arthur Rackham
- Atavism
- Atheism
- August Derleth
- Augustan literature
- Authority control
- Azathoth
- Bastet
- Bentley Little
- Beyond Re-Animator
- Binger, Oklahoma
- Black Sabbath
- Bleeders (film)
- Blood (video game)
- Boer War
- Boston
- Brattleboro, Vermont
- Brian Lumley
- Bride of Re-Animator
- Brooklyn, New York
- Brothers Grimm
- Brown University
- Businessman
- Butler Hospital
- Byakhee
- C. M. Eddy, Jr.
- C.S. Lewis
- Cacophony (album)
- Caitlin R. Kiernan
- Caitlín R. Kiernan
- Cast a Deadly Spell
- Catacombs (band)
- Category Fantasy
- Catskills
- Chaosium
- Chicago
- China Mieville
- China Miéville
- Chzo Mythos
- Civilization
- Clark Ashton Smith
- Cleveland, Ohio
- Clive Barker
- Colloquialism
- Conan the Barbarian
- Contemporary fantasy
- Copp's Hill
- Copyright
- Cosmicism
- Creation myth
- Crescendo
- Cthugha
- Cthulhu
- Cthulhu (2000 film)
- Cthulhu (2007 film)
- Cthulhu Mythos
- Cthulhu Mythos cults
- Culpability
- Cult
- Curse
- Cyäegha
- Dagon (film)
- Dagon (short story)
- Danse Macabre (book)
- Decadence
- Deep One
- Deities & Demigods
- Die, Monster, Die!
- Discworld
- Donald Wandrei
- Doom metal
- Dramatic structure
- Dream Cycle
- Dream Theater
- Dunedin, New Zealand
- Dungeons and Dragons
- Dunwich (Lovecraft)
- Earthsea
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Edgar Rice Burroughs
- Editor
- Edmund Husserl
- Edward F. Daas
- Einstein
- Elder Thing
- Elf
- Endnote
- Epic poem
- Eskimo
- European Union
- F. Paul Wilson
- Fable
- Fairy
- Fairy tale
- Fallout 3
- Fantastic (magazine)
- Fantastique
- Fantasy
- Fantasy fiction
- Fantasy film
- Fantasy literature
- Federico ?greda
- Federico �greda
- Fire vampire
- Flying polyp
- Folk tale
- Footnote
- Frank Belknap Long
- Frank Frazetta
- Fred Jackson
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Fritz Leiber
- From Beyond (film)
- Félix Guattari
- Gainesville, Florida
- Gene Wolfe
- George MacDonald
- George R. R. Martin
- George R.R. Martin
- Ghatanothoa
- Ghost story
- Ghost-writing
- Gilles Deleuze
- Gnophkeh
- Gormenghast (series)
- Gothic fiction
- Gothic horror
- Graham Harman
- Great Race of Yith
- Greenland
- Grimoire
- Guillermo del Toro
- Guillermo Del Toro
- Gulliver's Travels
- H. P. Lovecraft
- H. P. Lovecraft II
- H. R. Giger
- H.P. Lovecraft
- Harry Houdini
- Harry Potter
- Hart Crane
- Hastur
- Hayao Miyazaki
- Hectograph
- Help Editing
- Herbert West
- High fantasy
- Hippocampus Press
- History of fantasy
- Horror fiction
- Hounds of Tindalos
- Hunting Horror
- Hypnos
- Hysteria
- Iliad
- Inklings
- Innsmouth
- Insect from Shaggai
- Iron Maiden
- Ithaqua
- J. K. Rowling
- J.R.R. Tolkien
- James De Mille
- Jewelry
- Jewish
- Joe R. Lansdale
- John Carpenter
- John Hay Library
- John J. Miller
- Jonathan Swift
- Jorge Luis Borges
- Joseph Addison
- Joyce Carol Oates
- Junji Ito
- Kilderry
- Kuranes
- L. Sprague de Camp
- Ladd Observatory
- Leonid Andreyev
- Lewis Carroll
- Library of America
- Library of Congress
- LibriVox
- Lin Carter
- Literary estate
- Live After Death
- Locus (magazine)
- Lord Dunsany
- Louisiana
- Louisiana Voodoo
- Lovecraft Country
- Lovecraft Mythos
- Lovecraftian horror
- Luc Sante
- Magic in fiction
- Magic realism
- Magician (fantasy)
- Mainalo
- Malnutrition
- Manga
- Many-angled ones
- Mark E. Smith
- Martian Chronicles
- Massachusetts
- Men of Leng
- Metallica
- Metaphor
- Mi-go
- Michael Moorcock
- Michel Houellebecq
- Mike Mignola
- Miskatonic River
- Modern Library
- Moon-beast
- Morbid Angel
- Mythology
- Mythopoeia (genre)
- Mythopoeic Society
- Mythos
- Mythos (card game)
- Name Authority File
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Necronomicon
- Necronomicon Press
- Neil Gaiman
- New Deal
- New Orleans
- New York City
- Night Shade Books
- Night terror
- Nightgaunt
- Noatak
- Nome, Alaska
- Novelist
- Nyarlathotep
- Odyssey
- Oswald Spengler
- Out of print
- Outer Gods
- Penguin Classics
- Peter and Wendy
- Peter Cannon
- Peter Straub
- Poet
- Precious metal
- Prisoner of Ice
- Project Gutenberg
- Prometheus
- Protagonist
- Psycho (novel)
- Public domain
- Publishers Weekly
- Pulp magazine
- Quake (video game)
- Quest
- R'lyeh
- R. H. Barlow
- Racism
- Ramsey Campbell
- Randolph Carter
- Ray Bradbury
- Re-Animator
- Red Hook, Brooklyn
- Red Line (MBTA)
- Richard Lupoff
- Rikki Ducornet
- Roaring twenties
- Robert Anton Wilson
- Robert Bloch
- Robert E. Howard
- Robert Jordan
- Robert M. Price
- Robert Shea
- Robert W. Chambers
- Rudimentary Peni
- Rupert Hughes
- S. T. Joshi
- S.T. Joshi
- Salem, Massachusetts
- Sandy Petersen
- Science fantasy
- Science fiction
- Serpent Men
- Shadow of the Comet
- Shadowman
- Shantak
- Shoggoth
- Short story
- Shub-Niggurath
- Sonia Greene
- Sources of fantasy
- Speculative fiction
- Speculative realism
- Star vampire
- Stephen King
- Stephen R. Donaldson
- Stuart Gordon
- Superhero fiction
- Swan Point Cemetery
- Sword and sorcery
- Symbolism (arts)
- Syphilis
- Talk H. P. Lovecraft
- Tcho-Tcho
- Tegea
- Terry Pratchett
- The Batman
- The Call of Cthulhu
- The Fall (band)
- The Haunted Palace
- The Hobbit
- The King in Yellow
- The Lurking Fear
- The Magus (novel)
- The Nameless City
- The Resurrected
- The Silver Key
- The Unnamable (film)
- The Wheel of Time
- The Willows (story)
- Theory of relativity
- Thomas Bulfinch
- Tolkien fandom
- Trademark
- Transferred epithet
- Tsathoggua
- TSR, Inc.
- Tulane University
- Ukraine
- Under the Pyramids
- Voltaire
- Voormis
- W. Paul Cook
- Wall Street Journal
- Walt Disney
- Watership Down
- Weird fiction
- Weird Tales
- Western canon
- White people
- Wikipedia Persondata
- William Blake
- William Hope Hodgson
- Willis Conover
- Witch
- World Fantasy Award
- World of Warcraft
- World War I
- WP SYN
- Yog-Sothoth
- Yugg
- Zardonic
-
Binger, Oklahoma
Binger is a town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 708 at the 2000 census.
Binger is the headquarters of the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, who were settled here in the 1870s.
Major League Baseball Hall of Fame catcher Johnny Bench grew up in Binger.
Binger is located at 35°18′32″N 98°20′28″W / 35.30889°N 98.34111°W / 35.30889; -98.34111 (35.309023, -98.341243).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 712 people, 281 households, and 202 families residing in the town. The population density was 908.3 people per square mile (350.5/km²). There were 327 housing units at an average density of 419.5 per square mile (161.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 70.90% White, 4.80% African American, 13.70% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 3.81% from other races, and 6.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.06% of the population.
There were 281 households out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.05.
wn.com/Binger,_Oklahoma -
Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ (
listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
wn.com/Boston -
Brattleboro, Vermont
Brattleboro, originally Brattleborough, is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States, located in the southeast corner of the state, along the state line with New Hampshire. The population was 12,049 at the 2010 census. It is situated along the Connecticut River, at the mouth of the West River.
Brattleboro is the oldest town in the state of Vermont and is noted for its vibrant arts community. The town is home to the respected Brattleboro Retreat, a psychiatric hospital and convalescent center, and the SIT Graduate Institute, a renowned graduate educational institution.
Once known as "Wantastiquet", the area where Brattleboro lies is at the confluence of the West River and the Connecticut River. The West River was called Wantastiquet in the Abenaki language, a word meaning "river which leads to the west", and is marked by Mount Wantastiquet at its mouth and the Wantastiquet Ponds at its source. The Abenaki would transit this area annually between Missisquoi (their summer hunting grounds} in northwestern Vermont, and Squakheag (their winter settlements) near what is now Northfield, Massachusetts. The band of Abenaki who frequented this area were called Sokoki, which means "people who go their own way" or "people of the lonely way". The Abenaki vigorously defended their land, which they called "Ndakinna," against European settlement in the 17th and 18th centuries (and especially during Dummer's War). Because the Abenaki had sided with the French in the mid-1700s, most of them were driven north into Quebec, opening the way for British – and later American – settlements in the area.
wn.com/Brattleboro,_Vermont -
Brooklyn, New York
Coordinates: 40°41′34″N 73°59′25″W / 40.69278°N 73.99028°W / 40.69278; -73.99028
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with approximately 2.5 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after New York County (Manhattan). It is also the westernmost county on Long Island.
Brooklyn was an independent city until it was annexed by New York City in 1898. It continues to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves where particular ethnic groups and cultures predominate.
Brooklyn's official motto is Eendraght Maeckt Maght. Written in the (early modern spelling of the) Dutch language, it is inspired by the motto of the United Dutch Provinces and translated "Unity makes strength". The motto is displayed on the borough seal and flag, which also feature a young robed woman bearing fasces, a traditional emblem of republicanism. Brooklyn's official colors are blue and gold.
wn.com/Brooklyn,_New_York -
Brown University
Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III (1760–1820), Brown is the third oldest institution of higher education in New England and seventh oldest in the United States.
Brown was the first college in the nation to accept students regardless of religious affiliation. Academically, Brown consists of The College, Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, and the School of Engineering. Brown's international programs are organized through the Watson Institute for International Studies. The New Curriculum, instituted in 1969, eliminated distribution requirements and allows any course to be taken on a satisfactory/no credit basis. In addition, there are no pluses or minuses in the letter grading system. The school has the oldest undergraduate engineering program in the Ivy League (1847). Pembroke College, Brown's women's college, merged with the university in 1971. While Brown is considered a small research university with 689 full-time faculty and 2,000 graduate students, five of its professors and two of its alumni have been honored as Nobel Laureates. The faculty added 100 new professors in the past 10 years under the Boldly Brown campaign.
wn.com/Brown_University -
Butler Hospital
Butler Hospital is a private, non-profit, psychiatric and substance abuse hospital for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors, located in Providence, Rhode Island. The hospital is affiliated with the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and is the flagship for Brown University's renowned department of psychiatry. Butler Hospital was a founding member (along with Women & Infants Hospital and Kent Hospital) of the Care New England Health System in 1996.
The facility was founded in 1844 as Rhode Island's first exclusively mental health hospital. Industrialist Cyrus Butler donated heavily to the hospital, and it was named in his honor. Local Yankee philanthropist Nicholas Brown, Jr. also bequeathed a large amount of money to construct a mental health hospital which was used to fund the early hospital. In 1996, Butler Hospital joined with Women & Infants Hospital and Kent Hospital to create the Care New England Health System in order to continually improve the health and well-being of the people in the communities they serve.
wn.com/Butler_Hospital -
Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
wn.com/Chicago -
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland (
/ˈkliːvlənd/) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
As of the 2010 Census, the city proper had a total population of 396,815 and was the 45th largest city in the United States, and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2011 ranked as the 28th largest in the United States with 2,068,283 people. Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2011 had a population of 2,871,084, and ranked as the country's 15th largest.
wn.com/Cleveland,_Ohio -
Gainesville, Florida
Gainesville is the county seat and largest city in Alachua County in the U.S. state of Florida, and the principal city of the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The preliminary 2010 Census estimate for Gainesville is 124,354.
Gainesville is home to the University of Florida, the nation's sixth largest university campus by enrollment, as well as to Santa Fe College. The Gainesville MSA was ranked as the #1 place to live in the 2007 edition of Cities Ranked and Rated. Gainesville was also ranked as one of the "best places to live and play" in 2007 by National Geographic Adventure. Conversely, Gainesville was ranked as the 5th meanest city in the USA by the National Coalition for the Homeless twice in a row, in 2004 for its criminalization of homelessness and in 2009 for its ordinance restricting soup kitchens to 130-meals a day.
12,000 years ago Paleo Indians lived in Florida, but fewer than 100 sites have been found and although it is not known for certain whether any permanent settlements from that period were in the present city limits of Gainesville, archeological evidence of human presence exists. Upon retreat of the ice age, coastal Florida became inundated and Florida’s land mass shrank while the southeastern United States became wetter than it had been, so the Paleoindians required fewer moves between water spots and more populous camps inhabited for longer periods of time emerged; among the spots where camps from this later period have been found is around Paynes Prairie very close to Gainesville.
wn.com/Gainesville,_Florida -
Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallisut: Kalaallit Nunaat, "Land of the Kalaallit";Danish: Grønland) is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and later Denmark) for more than a millennium. Greenland is, by area, the world's largest island. With a population of 56,615 (January 2011 estimate) it is the least densely populated dependency or country in the world.
Greenland has been inhabited, though not continuously, by Arctic peoples via Canada for 4500–5000 years. In the 10th century, Norsemen settled on the uninhabited southern part of Greenland. In the 13th century, the Inuit arrived, and in the late 15th century the Norse colonies were abandoned. In the early 18th century, contact between Scandinavia and Greenland was re-established and Denmark established rule over Greenland.
wn.com/Greenland -
John Hay Library
The John Hay Library is the second oldest library on the campus of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Located on Prospect Street, opposite the Van Wickle Gates, it replaced the outgrown former library, now Robinson Hall, as the main library on the campus. Today, the John Hay Library is one of five individual libraries that make up the University Library. The Hay houses the University Library's rare books and manuscripts, the University Archives, and the Library's special collections.
The John Hay Library opened in November 1910, serving from that time until 1964 as the main library of the University. It was designed in the English Renaissance style by the eminent Boston architectural firm of Shepley Rutan & Coolidge. The Library is named for John Hay, class of 1858, who served as Abraham Lincoln’s private secretary during the Civil War and later became Secretary of State. His papers and personal library form part of the collections at the John Hay.
The library was named for John Hay (Class of 1858), the private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln, at the request of Andrew Carnegie, who contributed half of the $300,000 cost of the building. It was constructed to a design by the Boston architectural firm of Shepley Rutan & Coolidge with Vermont white marble in an English Renaissance style. The library was dedicated on November 10, 1910 and had an estimated collection of 300,000 volumes.
wn.com/John_Hay_Library -
Kilderry
Kilderry is located in County Kerry, Ireland, on the N70 National secondary road between Milltown (2.6 km) and Killorglin (4.8).
Coordinates: 52°8′14″N 9°44′56″W / 52.13722°N 9.74889°W / 52.13722; -9.74889
wn.com/Kilderry -
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States of America, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in four buildings in Washington, D.C., as well as the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and number of books. The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress, currently James H. Billington.
The Library of Congress was instituted for Congress in 1800, and was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century. After much of the original collection had been destroyed during the War of 1812, Thomas Jefferson sold 6,487 books, his entire personal collection, to the library in 1815. After a period of decline during the mid-19th century the Library of Congress began to grow rapidly in both size and importance after the American Civil War, culminating in the construction of a separate library building and the transference of all copyright deposit holdings to the Library. During the rapid expansion of the 20th century the Library of Congress assumed a preeminent public role, becoming a "library of last resort" and expanding its mission for the benefit of scholars and the American people.
wn.com/Library_of_Congress -
Louisiana
Louisiana (
i/luːˌiːziˈænə/ or i/ˌluːziˈænə/; French: État de Louisiane, [lwizjan] ( listen); Louisiana Creole: Léta de la Lwizyàn) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, and the largest by land area is Cameron Parish.
Much of the state was formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species including many species of orchids and carnivorus plants.
wn.com/Louisiana -
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (i/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɨts/), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts is the 7th least extensive, but the 14th most populous and the 3rd most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state features two separate metropolitan areas – the eastern Boston metropolitan area and the western Springfield metropolitan area. Approximately two thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. Western Massachusetts features one urban area – the Knowledge Corridor along the Connecticut River – and a mix of college towns and rural areas. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and has the US's sixth highest GDP per capita.
wn.com/Massachusetts -
New Orleans
New Orleans ( /nuː ˈɔrliənz/ or /ˈnuː ɔrˈliːnz/, locally /nuː ˈɔrlənz/ or /ˈnɔrlənz/; French: La Nouvelle-Orléans [la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃] ( listen)) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city proper was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The New Orleans metropolitan area (New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,214,932.
The city is named after Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, and is well known for its distinct French Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the birthplace of jazz), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is often referred to as the "most unique" in America.
wn.com/New_Orleans -
Nome, Alaska
Nome (Siqnazuaq in Iñupiaq) is a city in the Nome Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska, located on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea. According to the 2010 Census, the city population was 3,598. Nome was incorporated on April 9, 1901, and was once the most populous city in Alaska. Nome lies within the region of the Bering Straits Native Corporation (BSNC).
The city of Nome claims to be home to the world's largest gold pan, although this claim has been disputed by the Canadian city of Quesnel, British Columbia.
In the winter of 1925, a diphtheria epidemic raged among Inuit in the Nome area. Fierce territory-wide blizzard conditions prevented delivery of a life-saving serum by airplane from Anchorage. A relay of dog sled teams was organized to deliver the serum. The annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race commemorates this historic event.
The origin of the city's name "Nome" is still under debate. The name may have been given by Nome's founder, Jafet Lindeberg: within trekking distance of his childhood home in Kvænangen, Norway, there is a Nome valley (Norwegian: Nomedalen).
wn.com/Nome,_Alaska -
R'lyeh
R'lyeh is a fictional lost city that first appeared in the H. P. Lovecraft short story The Call of Cthulhu, first published in Weird Tales in 1928. According to Lovecraft's short story, R'lyeh is a sunken city in the South Pacific and the prison of the malevolent entity called Cthulhu.
R'lyeh is characterized by bizarre architecture likened to non-Euclidean geometry. Norwegian sailor Gustaf Johansen, the narrator of one of the tales in the short story, describes the accidental discovery of the city: "a coast-line of mingled mud, ooze, and weedy Cyclopean masonry which can be nothing less the tangible substance of earth's supreme terror — the nightmare corpse-city of R'lyeh...loathsomely redolent of spheres and dimensions apart from ours". The short story also asserts the premise that while currently trapped in R'lyeh, Cthulhu will eventually return, with worshipers often repeating the phrase Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn: "In his house at R'lyeh, dead Cthulhu waits dreaming".
wn.com/R'lyeh -
Red Hook, Brooklyn
Coordinates: 40°40′35″N 74°00′41″W / 40.676520°N 74.011373°W / 40.676520; -74.011373
Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 6. It is also the location where the transatlantic liner, the RMS Queen Mary 2, docks in New York City.
Red Hook has been part of the Town of Brooklyn since it was organized in the 1600s. It is named for the red clay soil and the point of land projecting into the Upper New York Bay. The village was settled by Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam in 1636, and named Roode Hoek. In Dutch "Hoek" means "point" or "corner" and not the English hook (i.e., not something curved or bent). The actual "hoek" of Red Hook was a point on an island that stuck out into Upper New York Bay at today's Dikeman Street west of Ferris Street. In the 1880s to the present time, people who live in the Eastern area of Red Hook refer to their neighborhood as "The Point". Today, the area is home to about 11,000 people.
wn.com/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn -
Salem, Massachusetts
Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. The population was 41,340 at the 2010 census. Salem and Lawrence are the county seats of Essex County. Home to Salem State University, the Salem Willows Park and the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem is a residential and tourist area which includes the neighborhoods of Salem Neck, The Point, South Salem and North Salem, Witchcraft Heights, Pickering Wharf, and the McIntire Historic District (named after Salem's famous architect and carver, Samuel McIntire). Salem was one of the most significant seaports in early America.
It has the first National Historic Site designated by Congress, Salem Maritime National Historic Site, which protects Salem's historic waterfront.[citation needed] Featured notably in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, much of the city's cultural identity is reflective of its role as the location of the Salem witch trials of 1692: Police cars are adorned with witch logos, a local public school is known as the Witchcraft Heights Elementary School, the Salem High School athletic teams are named The Witches; and Gallows Hill, a site of numerous public hangings, is currently used as a playing field for various sports. Tourists know Salem as a mix of important historical sites, New Age and Wiccan boutiques, kitschy Halloween, witch-themed attractions and a vibrant downtown that has more than 60 restaurants, cafes and coffee shops. [7]
wn.com/Salem,_Massachusetts -
Trademark
A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.
A trademark may be designated by the following symbols:
A trademark is typically a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image, or a combination of these elements. There is also a range of non-conventional trademarks comprising marks which do not fall into these standard categories, such as those based on color, smell, or sound.
The owner of a trademark may initiate legal proceedings for trademark infringement to prevent unauthorized use of that trademark. Most countries require formal registration of a trademark in order to pursue this type of action. A few countries, including the United States, recognize common law trademark rights, which means action can be taken for trademark that is in use but not registered. In the United States, registration is not required, but it increases the legal protections offered to the trademark holder.
wn.com/Trademark -
Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
wn.com/Ukraine
-
A. Merritt
Abraham Grace Merritt (January 20, 1884–August 21, 1943) — known by his byline, A. Merritt — was an American editor and author of works of fantastic fiction.
Born in Beverly, New Jersey, he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1894. Originally trained in law, he turned to journalism, first as a correspondent and later as editor. He was assistant editor of The American Weekly from 1912 to 1937 under Morrill Goddard, then its editor from 1937 until his death. As editor, he hired the unheralded new artists Virgil Finlay and Hannes Bok and promoted the work done on polio by Sister Elizabeth Kenny.
His fiction was only a sideline to his journalism career, which might explain his relatively low output. One of the best-paid journalists of his era, Merritt made $25,000 per year by 1919, and at the end of his life was earning $100,000 yearly—exceptional sums for the period. His financial success allowed him to pursue world travel—he invested in real estate in Jamaica and Ecuador—and exotic hobbies, like cultivating orchids and plants linked to witchcraft, magic (monkshood, wolfbane, blue datura, peyote, and cannabis).
wn.com/A._Merritt -
Abdul Alhazred
Abdul Alhazred is a fictional character created by American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. He is the so-called "Mad Arab" credited with authoring the imaginary book Kitab al-Azif (the Necronomicon), and as such is an integral part of Cthulhu Mythos lore.
The name Abdul Alhazred is a pseudonym that Lovecraft created in his youth, which he took on after reading 1001 Arabian Nights at the age of about five years. The name was invented either by Lovecraft, or by Albert Baker, the Phillips' family lawyer.Abdul is a common Arabic name component (but never a name by itself; additionally the ending -ul and the beginning Al- are redundant), but Alhazred may allude to Hazard, a pun on the book's destructive and dangerous nature, or a reference to Lovecraft's ancestors by that name. It might also have been a pun on "all-has-read", since Lovecraft was an avid reader in youth.
Another possibility, raised in an essay by the Swedish fantasy writer and editor, Rickard Berghorn, is that the name Alhazred was influenced by references to two historical authors whose names were Latinized as Alhazen: Alhazen ben Josef, who translated Ptolemy into Arabic; and Abu 'Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, who wrote about optics, mathematics and physics. Ibn al-Haytham is said to have pretended to be mad to escape the wrath of a ruler.
wn.com/Abdul_Alhazred -
Alan Moore
Alan Oswald Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer primarily known for his work in comic books, a medium where he has produced a number of critically acclaimed and popular series, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, and From Hell. Frequently described as the best graphic novel writer in history, he has also been described as "one of the most important British writers of the last fifty years". He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, and Translucia Baboon.
Moore started out writing for British underground and alternative fanzines in the late 1970s before achieving success publishing comic strips in such magazines as 2000 AD and Warrior. He was subsequently picked up by the American DC Comics, and as "the first comics writer living in Britain to do prominent work in America", he worked on big name characters such as Batman (Batman: The Killing Joke) and Superman (Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?), substantially developed the minor character Swamp Thing, and penned original titles such as Watchmen. During that decade, Moore helped to bring about greater social respectability for the medium in the United States and United Kingdom, and has subsequently been credited with the development of the term "graphic novel" over "comic book". In the late 1980s and early 1990s he left the comic industry mainstream and went independent for a while, working on experimental work such as the epic From Hell, pornographic Lost Girls, and the prose novel Voice of the Fire. He subsequently returned to the mainstream later in the 1990s, working for Image Comics, before developing America's Best Comics, an imprint through which he published works such as The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and the occult-based Promethea.
wn.com/Alan_Moore -
Ambrose Bierce
Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (born June 24, 1842; died sometime after December 26, 1913) was an American editorialist, journalist, short story writer, fabulist, and satirist. Today, he is probably best-known for his short story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" and his satirical lexicon The Devil's Dictionary. His vehemence as a critic, his motto "Nothing matters" and the sardonic view of human nature that informed his work all earned him the nickname "Bitter Bierce".[citation needed]
Despite his reputation as a searing critic, Bierce was known to encourage younger writers, including poet George Sterling and fiction writer W. C. Morrow. Bierce employed a distinctive style of writing, especially in his stories. His style often embraces an abrupt beginning, dark imagery, vague references to time, limited descriptions, impossible events and the theme of war.
In 1913, Bierce traveled to Mexico to gain first-hand experience of the Mexican Revolution. While traveling with rebel troops, he disappeared without a trace.
wn.com/Ambrose_Bierce -
Amy H. Sturgis
Amy H. Sturgis (born 1971) is an author, speaker and scholar of science fiction/fantasy studies and Native American studies. She earned her Ph.D. in intellectual history from Vanderbilt University, serves on the scholarly board of the Tennessee Center for Policy Research and the advisory board of Mythopoeic Press, and contributes to the Hugo Award winning StarShipSofa podcast and the Liberty and Power group weblog.
Sturgis is author of four books on U.S. presidential history and Native American studies (Presidents from Washington through Monroe, Presidents from Hayes through McKinley, The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal and Tecumseh: A Biography), five edited works on science fiction and fantasy (The Intersection of Fantasy and Native America: From H.P. Lovecraft to Leslie Marmon Silko, The Magic Ring, Past Watchful Dragons: Fantasy and Faith in the World of C.S. Lewis, The Magic Goblet, and The Magic Ring: Deluxe Illustrated Edition), and dozens of other scholarly and mainstream book chapters, articles and presentations. In 2006, she was honored with the Imperishable Flame Award for Achievement in Tolkien/Inklings Scholarship.
wn.com/Amy_H._Sturgis -
Andrew Lang
Andrew Lang (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scots poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him.
Lang was born in Selkirk. He was the eldest of the eight children born to John Lang, the town clerk of Selkirk, and his wife Jane Plenderleath Sellar, who was the daughter of Patrick Sellar, factor to the first duke of Sutherland. On 17 April 1875 he married Leonora Blanche Alleyne, the youngest daughter of C. T. Alleyne of Clifton and Barbados.
He was educated at Selkirk grammar school, Loretto, and at the Edinburgh Academy, St Andrews University and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took a first class in the final classical schools in 1868, becoming a fellow and subsequently honorary fellow of Merton College. As a journalist, poet, critic and historian, he soon made a reputation as one of the most able and versatile writers of the day.
wn.com/Andrew_Lang -
Andrew Migliore
Andrew John Migliore (b. 1966 in Washington D.C., United States) is the founder and director of the annual H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival (three days over the first full weekend of October) and Zompire: The Undead Film Festival in Portland Oregon. In 2006 he also began a spin-off, two-day version of the H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival held each August in Austin, Texas.
He is also the co-author of Lurker in the Lobby: The Guide to the Cinema of H. P. Lovecraft published by Night Shade Books. He is currently a producer at Lurker Films where he launched The H. P. Lovecraft Collection, The Weird Tale Collection, and The Edgar Allan Poe Collection on DVD.
wn.com/Andrew_Migliore -
Anglo-Saxons
The term Anglo-Saxon is used by some historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Britain beginning in the early 5th century and the period from their creation of the English nation up to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon era denotes the period of English history between about 550 and 1066. The term is also used for the language, now known as Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in England (and part of southeastern Scotland) between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
The Benedictine monk Bede, writing in the early 8th century, identified the English as the descendants of three Germanic tribes:
Their language, Old English, which derived from Ingvaeonic West Germanic dialects, transformed into Middle English from the 11th century. Old English was divided into four main dialects: West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian and Kentish.
The term Anglo-Saxon can be found in documents produced in the time of Alfred the Great, who seems to have frequently used the titles rex Anglorum Saxonum and rex Angul-Saxonum (king of the English Saxons). The Old English terms ænglisc ('Angle-kin') and Angelcynn ('gens Anglorum') had already lost their original sense of referring to the Angles, as distinct from the Saxons, when they are first attested. In their earliest sense they referred to the nation of Germanic peoples who settled eastern Britain from the 5th century.[citation needed] The indigenous Britons, who wrote in both Latin and Welsh, referred to these invaders as 'Saxones' or 'Saeson' – the word Saeson is the modern Welsh word for 'English people'; the equivalent word in Scottish Gaelic is Sasannach and in the Irish language, Sasanach.
wn.com/Anglo-Saxons -
Arthur Machen
Arthur Machen ( /ˈmækən/; 3 March 1863 – 15 December 1947) was a Welsh author and mystic of the 1890s and early 20th century. He is best known for his influential supernatural, fantasy, and horror fiction. His novella "The Great God Pan" (1890; 1894) has garnered a reputation as a classic of horror (Stephen King has called it "Maybe the best [horror story] in the English language"). He is also well known for his leading role in creating the legend of the Angels of Mons.
Machen was born Arthur Llewelyn Jones in Caerleon, Monmouthshire, though he usually referred to the county by its Welsh name Gwent. The house of his birth, opposite the Olde Bull Inn in The Square at Caerleon, is adjacent to the Priory Hotel and is today marked with a commemorative blue plaque. The beautiful landscape of Monmouthshire, with its associations of Celtic, Roman, and medieval history, made a powerful impression on him, and his love of it is at the heart of many of his works.
Machen was descended from a long line of clergymen, the family having originated in Carmarthenshire. In 1864, when Machen was two, his father John Edward Jones, became vicar of the parish of Llanddewi Fach with Llandegveth, about five miles north of Caerleon, and Machen was brought up at the rectory there. Jones had adopted his wife's maiden name, Machen, to inherit a legacy, legally becoming "Jones-Machen"; his son was baptised under that name and later used a shortened version of his full name, Arthur Machen, as a pen name.
wn.com/Arthur_Machen -
Arthur Rackham
Arthur Rackham (19 September 1867 – 6 September 1939) was an English book illustrator.
Rackham was born in London as one of 12 children. At the age of 18, he worked as a clerk at the Westminster Fire Office and began studying part-time at the Lambeth School of Art.
In 1892 he left his job and started working for The Westminster Budget as a reporter and illustrator. His first book illustrations were published in 1893 in To the Other Side by Thomas Rhodes, but his first serious commission was in 1894 for The Dolly Dialogues, the collected sketches of Anthony Hope, who later went on to write The Prisoner of Zenda. Book illustrating then became Rackham's career for the rest of his life.
In 1903 he married Edyth Starkie, with whom he had one daughter, Barbara, in 1908. Rackham won a gold medal at the Milan International Exhibition in 1906 and another one at the Barcelona International Exposition in 1912. His works were included in numerous exhibitions, including one at the Louvre in Paris in 1914. Arthur Rackham died in 1939 of cancer in his home in Limpsfield, Surrey.
wn.com/Arthur_Rackham -
August Derleth
August William Derleth (February 24, 1909 – July 4, 1971) was an American writer and anthologist. Though best remembered as the first publisher of the writings of H. P. Lovecraft, and for his own contributions to the so-called Cthulhu Mythos genre of horror, as well as his founding of the publisher Arkham House (which did much to bring supernatural fiction into print in hardcover in the US that had only been readily available in the UK), Derleth was a leading American regional writer of his day, as well as prolific in several other genres, including historical fiction, poetry, detective fiction, science fiction and biography.
A 1938 Guggenheim Fellow, Derleth considered his most serious work to be the ambitious Sac Prairie Saga, a series of fiction, historical fiction, poetry, and non-fiction naturalist works designed to memorialize life in the Wisconsin he knew. Derleth can also be considered a pioneering naturalist and conservationist in his writing.
The son of William Julius Derleth and Rose Louise Volk, Derleth grew up in Sauk City, Wisconsin. He was educated in local parochial and public high school. Derleth wrote his first fiction at age 13. He was interested most in reading, and he made three trips to the library a week. He would save his money to buy books (his personal library exceeded 12,000 later on in life). Some of his biggest influences were Ralph Waldo Emerson's essays, Walt Whitman, H. L. Mencken's The American Mercury, Samuel Johnson's The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia, Alexandre Dumas, Edgar Allan Poe, Walter Scott, and Henry David Thoreau's Walden.
wn.com/August_Derleth -
Bentley Little
Bentley Little (born 1960 in Arizona) is an American author of horror novels.
Little's first novel, The Revelation, was published with St. Martin's Press in 1990 and it won the Bram Stoker Award for "Best First Novel" in 1990.
In 2007, the Hollywood Reporter announced that a film adaptation of The Store was in development at Strike Entertainment. The script is to be adapted by Jenna McGrath, with production duties handled by Marc Abraham and Eric Newman, and executive production by Vince Gerardis, Eli Kirschner and Tom Bliss.
wn.com/Bentley_Little -
Brian Lumley
Brian Lumley (born 2 December 1937) is an English horror fiction writer.
Born in County Durham, he joined the British Army's Royal Military Police and wrote stories in his spare time before retiring with the rank of Warrant Officer Class 1 in 1980 and becoming a professional writer.
In the 1970's he added to H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos cycle of stories, including several tales and a novel featuring the character Titus Crow. Several of his early books were published by Arkham House. Other stories pastiched Lovecrafts's Dream Cycle but featured Lumley's original characters David Hero and Eldin the Wanderer. Lumley once explained the difference between his Cthulhu Mythos characters and Lovecraft's: "My guys fight back. Also, they like to have a laugh along the way."
Later works included the Necroscope series of novels, which produced spin-off series such as the Vampire World Trilogy, The Lost Years parts 1 and 2, and the E-Branch trilogy. The central protagonist of the earlier Necroscope novels appears in the anthology Harry Keogh and Other Weird Heroes. The Necroscope saga is closed with the novel The Touch.
wn.com/Brian_Lumley -
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm (German: Brüder Grimm or Die Gebrüder Grimm), Jakob Grimm (January 4, 1785 – September 20, 1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (February 24, 1786 – December 16, 1859), were German academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who together collected folklore. They are among the most well-known storytellers of European folk tales, and their work popularized such stories as "Cinderella", "The Frog Prince" (Der Froschkönig), "Hansel and Gretel" (Hänsel und Gretel), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" (Rumpelstilzchen), and "Snow White" (Schneewittchen). Their first collection of folk tales, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), was published in 1812.
The brothers spent their formative years first in the German town of Hanau and then in Steinau. Their father's death in 1796, about a decade into their lives, caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years. They attended the University of Marburg where historian and jurist Friedrich von Savigny spurred their interest in philology and Germanic studies—a field in which they are now considered pioneers—and at the same time developed a curiosity for folklore, which grew into a life-long dedication to collecting German folk tales.
wn.com/Brothers_Grimm -
Businessman
A businessperson (also businessman, business man, or businesswoman) is someone involved in a particular undertaking of activities, commercial or industrial, for the purpose of generating revenue from a combination of human, financial, and physical capital. An entrepreneur is an example of a business person. Sometimes the term can mean someone who is involved in the management of a company, especially as an owner or an executive. Sometimes it can also mean someone employed in a (usually) profit-oriented enterprise. The term businessperson/man/woman almost always refers to someone with a "white collar" occupation.
wn.com/Businessman -
C. M. Eddy, Jr.
Clifford Martin Eddy, Jr. (A.K.A. C. M. Eddy, Jr.) (January 18, 1896 - November 21, 1967) was an American author best known for his horror and supernatural short stories. He is best remembered for his work in Weird Tales magazine.
C.M. Eddy, Jr., was born in Providence, Rhode Island in 1896. He went to Classical High School in Providence, and as a child was a precocious reader and writer. He continued to be an avid reader and writer, interested in mythology and the occult.
He began his career writing short stories for a broad range of pulp fiction magazines such as Weird Tales, Munsey's Magazine, and Snappy Stories. His first published tale, "Sign of the Dragon" (Mystery Magazine, 1919), was a detective story. Various tales of mystery, ghosts, and song-writing (he himself wrote songs, including "When We Met by the Blue Lagoon","In My Wonderful Temple of Love", "Dearest of All", "Underneath the Whispering Pine", "Sunset Hour", and "Hello Mister Sunshine (Goodbye, Mister Rain"), continued to appear through 1925 in various magazines.
wn.com/C._M._Eddy,_Jr. -
C.S. Lewis
Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963), commonly referred to as C. S. Lewis and known to his friends and family as "Jack", was a novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian and Christian apologist from Belfast, Ireland. He is known for both his fictional work, especially The Screwtape Letters, The Chronicles of Narnia and The Space Trilogy and his nonfiction, such as Mere Christianity, Miracles and The Problem of Pain.
Lewis and fellow novelist J. R. R. Tolkien were close friends. Both authors served on the English faculty at Oxford University, and both were active in the informal Oxford literary group known as the "Inklings". According to his memoir Surprised by Joy, Lewis had been baptised in the Church of Ireland (part of the Anglican Communion) at birth, but fell away from his faith during his adolescence. Owing to the influence of Tolkien and other friends, at the age of 32 Lewis returned to the Anglican Communion, becoming "a very ordinary layman of the Church of England". His faith had a profound effect on his work, and his wartime radio broadcasts on the subject of Christianity brought him wide acclaim.
wn.com/C.S._Lewis -
Caitlin R. Kiernan
Caitlín Rebekah Kiernan (born May 26, 1964 in Skerries, Dublin, Ireland) is the author of many science fiction and dark fantasy works, including seven novels, many comic books, more than one hundred published short stories, novellas, and vignettes, and numerous scientific papers.
Born in Dublin, Ireland, she moved to the United States as a small child with her mother. Much of her childhood was spent in the small town of Leeds, Alabama, and her early interests included herpetology, paleontology, and fiction writing. As a teenager, she lived in Trussville, Alabama, and, in high school, began doing volunteer work at the Red Mountain Museum in Birmingham, Alabama and spending summers on her first archaeological and paleontological digs. Kiernan attended college at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Colorado at Boulder, studying geology and vertebrate paleontology, and she held both museum and teaching positions before finally turning to fiction writing in 1992. In 1988, she co-authored a paper describing the new genus and species of mosasaur, Selmasaurus russelli. Her first novel, The Five of Cups, was written between June '92 and early '93, though it wasn't published until 2003. In 1998 her first published novel, Silk, was released. Her first published short story was "Persephone," a dark science-fiction tale, released in 1995. Her most recent scientific publications is a paper on the biostratigraphy of Alabama mosasaurs, published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (2002) and "First record of a velociraptorine theropod (Tetanurae, Dromaeosauridae) from the Eastern Gulf Coastal United States." The Mosasaur (2005).
wn.com/Caitlin_R._Kiernan -
Caitlín R. Kiernan
Caitlín Rebekah Kiernan (born May 26, 1964 in Skerries, Dublin, Ireland) is the author of many science fiction and dark fantasy works, including seven novels, many comic books, more than one hundred published short stories, novellas, and vignettes, and numerous scientific papers.
Born in Dublin, Ireland, she moved to the United States as a small child with her mother. Much of her childhood was spent in the small town of Leeds, Alabama, and her early interests included herpetology, paleontology, and fiction writing. As a teenager, she lived in Trussville, Alabama, and, in high school, began doing volunteer work at the Red Mountain Museum in Birmingham, Alabama and spending summers on her first archaeological and paleontological digs. Kiernan attended college at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Colorado at Boulder, studying geology and vertebrate paleontology, and she held both museum and teaching positions before finally turning to fiction writing in 1992. In 1988, she co-authored a paper describing the new genus and species of mosasaur, Selmasaurus russelli. Her first novel, The Five of Cups, was written between June '92 and early '93, though it wasn't published until 2003. In 1998 her first published novel, Silk, was released. Her first published short story was "Persephone," a dark science-fiction tale, released in 1995. Her most recent scientific publications is a paper on the biostratigraphy of Alabama mosasaurs, published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (2002) and "First record of a velociraptorine theropod (Tetanurae, Dromaeosauridae) from the Eastern Gulf Coastal United States." The Mosasaur (2005).
wn.com/Caitlín_R._Kiernan -
Catacombs (band)
Catacombs is a doom metal solo project of Xathagorra Mlandroth. Catacombs' music appears to be deeply inspired by Lovecraftian horror and Cthulhu Mythos.
wn.com/Catacombs_(band) -
China Miéville
China Tom Miéville ( /ˈtʃaɪnə miˈeɪvəl/; born 6 September 1972) is an award-winning English fantasy fiction author, comic writer and academic. He is fond of describing his fiction as "weird fiction" (after early twentieth century pulp and horror writers such as H. P. Lovecraft), and belongs to a loose group of writers sometimes called New Weird. He is also active in left-wing politics as a member of the Socialist Workers Party. He has stood for the Regent's Park and Kensington North for the Socialist Alliance in the 2001 General election, and published his PhD thesis as a book on Marxism and international law. He teaches creative writing at Warwick University.
Born in Norwich, Miéville was brought up in Willesden, northwest London, and has lived in the city since early childhood. He grew up with his sister Jemima and his mother Claudia, a translator, writer and teacher. His parents separated soon after his birth, and he has said that he "never really knew"[citation needed] his father.
Miéville was educated at Oakham School, a co-educational independent school in the historic market town of Oakham in Rutland, for two years. When he was eighteen, in 1990, he lived in Egypt teaching English for a year, where he developed an interest in Arab culture and Middle Eastern politics. Miéville studied for a BA degree in social anthropology at Clare College, Cambridge, graduating in 1994, and achieved both a Masters' degree and PhD in International Relations from the London School of Economics in 2001. Miéville has also held a Frank Knox fellowship at Harvard University. A book version of his PhD thesis, titled Between Equal Rights: A Marxist Theory of International Law, was published in the United Kingdom in 2005 by Brill in their "Historical Materialism" series, and in the United States in 2006 by Haymarket Books.
wn.com/China_Miéville -
Civilization
Civilization (or civilisation) is a sometimes controversial term that has been used in several related ways. Primarily, the term has been used to refer to the material and instrumental side of human cultures that are complex in terms of technology, science, and division of labor. Such civilizations are generally hierarchical and urbanized. In a classical context, people were called "civilized" to set them apart from barbarians, while in a modern-day context, "civilized peoples" have been contrasted with primitive peoples.
There is a tendency to use the term in a less strict way, to mean approximately the same thing as "culture" and therefore, the term can more broadly refer to any important and clearly defined human society.[citation needed] Still, even when used in this second sense, the word is often restricted to apply only to societies that have attained a particular level of advancement-especially the founding of cities.
The level of advancement of a civilization is often measured by its progress in agriculture, long-distance trade, occupational specialization, a special governing class and urbanism. Aside from these core elements, a civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developed transportation system, writing, standardized measurement, currency, contractual and (tort-based) legal systems, characteristic art and architecture, mathematics, enhanced scientific understanding, metallurgy, political structures, and an astronomical understanding.
wn.com/Civilization -
Clark Ashton Smith
Clark Ashton Smith (13 January 1893 – 14 August 1961) was a self-educated American poet, sculptor, painter and author of fantasy, horror and science fiction short stories. He achieved early local recognition, largely through the enthusiasm of George Sterling, for traditional verse in the vein of Swinburne. As a poet, Smith is grouped with the West Coast Romantics (alongside Ambrose Bierce, Joaquin Miller, Sterling, Nora May French, and others) and remembered as 'The Last of the Great Romantics' and 'The Bard of Auburn'. As a member of the Lovecraft circle, (Smith's literary friendship with H. P. Lovecraft lasted from 1922 until Lovecraft's death in 1937), Smith remains second only to Lovecraft in general esteem and importance amongst contributors to the pulp magazine Weird Tales, where some readers objected to his morbidness and violation of pulp traditions. (It has been said of him that "Nobody since Poe has so loved a well-rotted corpse.") His work is marked chiefly by an extraordinarily wide and ornate vocabulary, a cosmic perspective and a vein of sardonic and sometimes ribald humor.
wn.com/Clark_Ashton_Smith -
Clive Barker
Clive Barker (born 5 October 1952) is an English author, film director and visual artist best known for his work in both fantasy and horror fiction. Barker came to prominence in the mid-1980s with a series of short stories which established him as a leading young horror writer. He has since written many novels and other works, and his fiction has been adapted into motion pictures, notably the Hellraiser and Candyman series.
Clive Barker was born in Liverpool, England, the son of Joan Rubie (née Revill), a painter and school welfare officer, and Leonard Barker, a personnel director for an industrial relations firm. Educated at Dovedale Primary School and the former Quarry Bank High School now Calderstones Quarry Bank High School, he studied English and Philosophy at Liverpool University. The Damnation Game and Volume 2 of The Books of Blood are dedicated to John Gregson[who?].
In 2003, Barker received The Davidson/Valentini Award at the 15th GLAAD Media Awards, presented "to an openly lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender individual who has made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for any of those communities". While Barker is critical of organized religion, he has identified himself as a Christian and has stated that the Bible influences his work.
wn.com/Clive_Barker -
Donald Wandrei
Donald Albert Wandrei (April 20, 1908–October 15, 1987) was an American science fiction, fantasy and weird fiction writer, poet and editor. He wrote as Donald Wandrei. He was the older brother of science fiction writer and artist Howard Wandrei. He had fourteen stories in Weird Tales, another sixteen in Astounding Stories, plus a few in other magazines including Esquire.
Wandrei was born in Saint Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. All of his grandparents were early Minnesota settlers. Donald's father, Albert Christian Wandrei, became chief editor of West Publishing Company, America's leading publisher of law books. Donald grew up in his parents' house at 1152 Portland Ave, St Paul and lived there most of his life save for a stint in the Army and occasional sojourns in New York and Hollywood. He loved frequent rambles in the woods along the Minnesota River; it was Wandrei who later taught August Derleth the fine art of morel hunting.
He attended Central High in St Paul, Minnesota (1921–24), during which period he published short compositions in the school newspaper and avidly read the magazine Science and Invention. In 1923 he began work part-time as a 'page-boy' in the Circulation Room of the Saint Paul Public Library, filling reader's requests for books from the storage stacks; this expanded his access to, and reading of, a wide variety of literature. In 1923 and 1924 he also worked evenings at the Hill Reference Library. He graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1928, with a BA in English. While there he was a student editor on the student newspaper The Minnesota Daily. At that time he was enormously influenced by a reading of Arthur Machen's novel The Hill of Dreams.
wn.com/Donald_Wandrei -
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but they never formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian".
wn.com/Edgar_Allan_Poe -
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American author, best known for his creation of the jungle hero Tarzan and the heroic Mars adventurer John Carter, although he produced works in many genres.
Burroughs was born on September 1, 1875, in Chicago, Illinois (he later lived for many years in the suburb of Oak Park), the fourth son of businessman and Civil War veteran Major George Tyler Burroughs (1833–1913) and his wife Mary Evaline (Zieger) Burroughs (1840–1920). His middle name is from his paternal grandmother, Mary Rice Burroughs (1802-ca. 1870).
Burroughs was educated at a number of local schools, and during the Chicago influenza epidemic in 1891, he spent a half year at his brother's ranch on the Raft River in Idaho. He then attended the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and then the Michigan Military Academy. Graduating in 1895, and failing the entrance exam for the United States Military Academy (West Point), he ended up as an enlisted soldier with the 7th U.S. Cavalry in Fort Grant, Arizona Territory. After being diagnosed with a heart problem and thus found ineligible to serve, he was discharged in 1897.
wn.com/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs -
Edmund Husserl
Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (German pronunciation: [ˈhʊsɛʁl]; April 8, 1859, Proßnitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire – April 26, 1938, Freiburg, Germany) was a philosopher and mathematician and the founder of the 20th century philosophical school of phenomenology. He broke with the positivist orientation of the science and philosophy of his day, yet he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic. Not limited to empiricism, but believing that experience is the source of all knowledge, he worked on a method of phenomenological reduction by which a subject may come to know directly an essence.
Although born into a Jewish family, Husserl was baptized as a Lutheran in 1886. He studied mathematics under Karl Weierstrass and Leo Königsberger, and philosophy under Franz Brentano and Carl Stumpf. Husserl himself taught philosophy as a Privatdozent at Halle from 1887, then as professor, first at Göttingen from 1901, then at Freiburg from 1916 until he retired in 1928. Thereafter he gave two notable lectures: at Paris in 1929, and at Prague in 1935. The notorious 1933 race laws of the Nazi regime took away his academic standing and privileges. Following an illness, he died at Freiburg in 1938.
wn.com/Edmund_Husserl -
Edward F. Daas
Edward F. Daas was an American amateur journalist.
In the beginning of the 20th century Daas was elected President of United Amateur Press Association. He held the post from 1907 to 1916.
wn.com/Edward_F._Daas -
Eskimo
Eskimos (or Esquimaux) or Inuit–Yupik (for Alaska: Inupiat–Yupik) peoples are indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia), across Alaska (United States), Canada, and Greenland.
There are two main groups that are referred to as Eskimo: Yupik and Inuit. A third group, the Aleut, is related. The Yupik language dialects and cultures in Alaska and eastern Siberia have evolved in place beginning with the original (pre-Dorset) Eskimo culture that developed in Alaska. Approximately 4,000 years ago the Unangam (also known as Aleut) culture became distinctly separate, and evolved into a non-Eskimo culture. Approximately 1,500–2,000 years ago, apparently in Northwestern Alaska, two other distinct variations appeared. The Inuit language branch became distinct and in only several hundred years spread across northern Alaska, Canada and into Greenland. At about the same time, the technology of the Thule people developed in northwestern Alaska and very quickly spread over the entire area occupied by Eskimo people, though it was not necessarily adopted by all of them.
wn.com/Eskimo -
F. Paul Wilson
Francis Paul Wilson (b. May 17, 1946 in Jersey City) is an American author, primarily in the science fiction and horror genres. His debut novel was Healer (1976). Wilson is also a part-time practicing family physician. He made his first sales in 1970 to Analog while still in medical school (graduating in 1973), and continued to write science fiction throughout the seventies. In 1981 he ventured into the horror genre with the international bestseller, The Keep, and helped define the field throughout the rest of the decade. In the 1990s he became a true genre hopper, moving from science fiction to horror to medical thrillers and branching into interactive scripting for Disney Interactive and other multimedia companies. He, along with Matthew J. Costello, created and scripted FTL Newsfeed which ran daily on the Sci-Fi Channel from 1992-1996.
Among Wilson's best-known characters is the anti-hero Repairman Jack, an urban mercenary introduced in the 1984 New York Times bestseller, The Tomb. Unwilling to start a series character at the time, Wilson refused to write a second Repairman Jack novel until Legacies in 1998. Since then he has written one per year along with side trips into vampire fiction (the retro Midnight Mass), science fiction (Sims), and even a New Age thriller (The Fifth Harmonic). Current books sales are around six million.
wn.com/F._Paul_Wilson -
Frank Belknap Long
Frank Belknap Long (April 27, 1901 - January 3, 1994) was a prolific American writer of horror fiction, fantasy, science fiction, poetry, gothic romance, comic books, and non-fiction. Though his writing career spanned seven decades, he is best known for his horror and science fiction short stories, including early contributions to the Cthulhu Mythos. During his life, Long received the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement (at the 1978 World Fantasy Convention), the Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement (in 1987, from the Horror Writers Association), and the First Fandom Hall of Fame Award (1977).
Frank Belknap Long was born in New York City in 1901, and grew up in the Harlem area of Manhattan. His father was a prosperous dentist and his mother was May Doty. The family resided at 823 West End Avenue in Manhattan. A lifelong resident of New York City, he was educated in the New York City public school system. As a boy he was fascinated by natural history, and wrote that he dreamed of running "away from home and explore the great rain forests of the Amazon." He developed his interest in the weird by reading the Oz books, Jules Verne, and H.G. Wells as well as Ambrose Bierce and Edgar Allan Poe. Though writing was to be his life's work, he once commented that as "important as writing is, I could have been completely happy if I had a secure position in a field that has always had a tremendous emotion and an imaginative appeal for me—that of natural history."
wn.com/Frank_Belknap_Long -
Frank Frazetta
Frank Frazetta (February 9, 1928 – May 10, 2010) was an American fantasy and science fiction artist, noted for work in comic books, paperback book covers, paintings, posters, LP record album covers and other media. He was the subject of a 2003 documentary.
Frazetta was inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1995 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1999.
Born Frank Frazzetta in Brooklyn, New York City, he removed one "z" from his last name early in his career to make his name seem less "clumsy". The only boy among four children, he spent much time with his grandmother, who began encouraging him in art when he was two years old. He recalled in 2010, a month before his death,
When I drew something, she would be the one to say it was wonderful and would give me a penny to keep going. Sometimes I had nothing left to draw on but toilet paper. As I got older, I started drawing some pretty wild things for my age. I remember the teachers were always mesmerized by what I was doing, so it was hard to learn anything from them. So I went to art school when I was a little kid, and even there the teachers were flipping out.
wn.com/Frank_Frazetta -
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche ( /ˈniːtʃə/;German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈniːtsʃə]; October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) was a German philosopher, poet, cultural critic and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and aphorism.
Nietzsche's influence remains substantial within and beyond philosophy, notably in existentialism, nihilism and postmodernism. His style and radical questioning of the value and objectivity of truth have resulted in much commentary and interpretation, mostly in the continental tradition. His key ideas include the death of God, the Übermensch, the eternal recurrence, the Apollonian and Dionysian dichotomy, perspectivism and the will to power. Central to his philosophy is the idea of "life-affirmation", which involves an honest questioning of all doctrines that drain life's expansive energies, however socially prevalent and radical those views might be.
wn.com/Friedrich_Nietzsche -
Fritz Leiber
Fritz Reuter Leiber, Jr. (December 24, 1910 – September 5, 1992) was an American writer (of German extraction) of fantasy, horror and science fiction. He was also a poet, actor in theatre and films, playwright, expert chess player and a champion fencer. Possibly his greatest chess accomplishment was winning clear first in the 1958 Santa Monica Open. With writers such as Robert E. Howard and Michael Moorcock, Leiber can be regarded as one of the fathers of Sword and Sorcery fantasy. But he excelled in all fields of speculative fiction, writing award-winning work in horror, fantasy and science fiction.
Leiber (first syllable sounds like "lye") was born December 24, 1910, in Chicago, Illinois, to the actors Fritz Leiber, Sr. and Virginia Leiber, and, for a time, he seemed inclined to follow in his parents' footsteps (Theater and actors were prominently featured in his fiction). He spent 1928 touring with his parents' Shakespeare company before studying philosophy at the University of Chicago, where he graduated with honors (1928–32). In 1932, he studied at General Theological Seminary and worked for a time as a lay preacher. In 1934, he toured with his parents' acting company, Fritz Leiber & Co.
wn.com/Fritz_Leiber -
Félix Guattari
Pierre-Félix Guattari Pronunciation (help·info) (April 30, 1930 – August 29, 1992) was a French militant, an institutional psychotherapist, philosopher, and semiotician; he founded both schizoanalysis and ecosophy. Guattari is best known for his intellectual collaborations with Gilles Deleuze, most notably Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia.
Guattari was born in Villeneuve-les-Sablons, a working-class suburb of north-west Paris, France. He trained under (and was analysed by) the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan in the early 1950s. Subsequently, he worked (until his death from a heart attack in 1992) at the experimental psychiatric clinic of La Borde under the direction of Lacan's pupil, the psychiatrist Jean Oury. La Borde was a venue for conversation among many students of philosophy, psychology, ethnology, and social work.
One particularly novel orientation developed at La Borde consisted of the suspension of the classical analyst/analysand pair in favour of an open confrontation in group therapy. In contrast to the Freudian school's individualistic style of analysis, this practice studied the dynamics of several subjects in complex interaction; it led Guattari into a broader philosophical exploration of, and political engagement with, a vast array of intellectual and cultural domains (philosophy, ethnology, linguistics, architecture, etc.).
wn.com/Félix_Guattari -
Gene Wolfe
Gene Wolfe (born May 7, 1931) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He is noted for his dense, allusive prose as well as the strong influence of his Catholic faith, to which he converted after marrying into the religion. He is a prolific short story writer and novelist and has won many science fiction and fantasy literary awards (below).
Wolfe is most famous for The Book of the New Sun (1980ff), the first part of his Solar Cycle. In 1998, Locus magazine ranked it third-best fantasy novel before 1990, based on a poll of subscribers that considered it and several other series as single entries.
Wolfe was born in New York. He had polio as a small child. While attending Texas A&M University, he published his first speculative fiction in The Commentator, a student literary journal. Wolfe dropped out during his junior year, and was drafted to fight in the Korean War. After returning to the United States he earned a degree from the University of Houston and became an industrial engineer. He edited the journal Plant Engineering for many years before retiring to write full-time, but his most famous professional engineering achievement is a contribution to the machine used to make Pringles potato chips. He now lives in Barrington, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, with his wife Rosemary.
wn.com/Gene_Wolfe -
George MacDonald
George MacDonald (10 December 1824 – 18 September 1905) was a Scottish author, poet, and Christian minister.
Known particularly for his poignant fairy tales and fantasy novels, George MacDonald inspired many authors, such as W. H. Auden, J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, E. Nesbit and Madeleine L'Engle. It was C. S. Lewis who wrote that he regarded MacDonald as his "master": "Picking up a copy of Phantastes one day at a train-station bookstall, I began to read. A few hours later," said Lewis, "I knew that I had crossed a great frontier." G. K. Chesterton cited The Princess and the Goblin as a book that had "made a difference to my whole existence."
Elizabeth Yates wrote of Sir Gibbie, "It moved me the way books did when, as a child, the great gates of literature began to open and first encounters with noble thoughts and utterances were unspeakably thrilling."
Even Mark Twain, who initially disliked MacDonald, became friends with him, and there is some evidence that Twain was influenced by MacDonald.
wn.com/George_MacDonald -
George R. R. Martin
George Raymond Richard Martin (born September 20, 1948), sometimes referred to as GRRM, is an American author and screenwriter of fantasy, horror, and science fiction. He is best known for A Song of Ice and Fire, his bestselling series of epic fantasy novels that HBO adapted for their dramatic pay-cable series Game of Thrones. Martin was selected by Time magazine as one of the "2011 Time 100", a list of the "most influential people in the world".
George R. R. Martin was born on September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, New Jersey, the son of a longshoreman. The family lived in a federal housing project near the Bayonne docks. As a child he wrote stories about a kingdom populated by his pet turtles. The turtles died frequently, and he decided that they were killing each other in "sinister plots". He attended Marist High School, where he developed interest in the superheroes of the Marvel Comics titles. He avidly read and collected 1960s comic books. Fantastic Four #20 (Nov 1963) featured a letter to the editor he wrote. He credits[where?] attention garnered from this letter as inspiration for his becoming a professional writer. In 1965, Martin won an Alley Award for his story "Powerman vs. The Blue Barrier", the first of many awards he would win.
wn.com/George_R._R._Martin -
George R.R. Martin
George Raymond Richard Martin (born September 20, 1948), sometimes referred to as GRRM, is an American author and screenwriter of fantasy, horror, and science fiction. He is best known for A Song of Ice and Fire, his bestselling series of epic fantasy novels that HBO adapted for their dramatic pay-cable series Game of Thrones. Martin was selected by Time magazine as one of the "2011 Time 100", a list of the "most influential people in the world".
George R. R. Martin was born on September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, New Jersey, the son of a longshoreman. The family lived in a federal housing project near the Bayonne docks. As a child he wrote stories about a kingdom populated by his pet turtles. The turtles died frequently, and he decided that they were killing each other in "sinister plots". He attended Marist High School, where he developed interest in the superheroes of the Marvel Comics titles. He avidly read and collected 1960s comic books. Fantastic Four #20 (Nov 1963) featured a letter to the editor he wrote. He credits[where?] attention garnered from this letter as inspiration for his becoming a professional writer. In 1965, Martin won an Alley Award for his story "Powerman vs. The Blue Barrier", the first of many awards he would win.
wn.com/George_R.R._Martin -
Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze (French pronunciation: [ʒil dəløz]), (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death, wrote influentially on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with Félix Guattari. His metaphysical treatise Difference and Repetition (1968) is considered by some scholars to be his magnum opus.
Deleuze was born into a middle-class family in Paris and lived there for most of his life. His initial schooling was undertaken during World War II, during which time he attended the Lycée Carnot. He also spent a year in khâgne at the Lycée Henri IV. During the Nazi occupation of France, Deleuze's older brother, Georges, was arrested for his participation in the French Resistance, and died while in transit to a concentration camp. In 1944, Deleuze went to study at the Sorbonne. His teachers there included several noted specialists in the history of philosophy, such as Georges Canguilhem, Jean Hyppolite, Ferdinand Alquié, and Maurice de Gandillac, and Deleuze's lifelong interest in the canonical figures of modern philosophy owed much to these teachers. Nonetheless, Deleuze also found the work of non-academic thinkers such as Jean-Paul Sartre strongly attractive. He agrégated in philosophy in 1948.
wn.com/Gilles_Deleuze -
Graham Harman
Graham Harman (born May 9, 1968, Iowa City, Iowa) is a professor at the American University in Cairo, Egypt. He is a contemporary philosopher of metaphysics, who attempts to reverse the linguistic turn of Western philosophy. Harman is associated with Speculative Realism in philosophy, which was the name of a workshop that also included the philosophers Ray Brassier, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Quentin Meillassoux.
Born in Iowa City and raised in Mount Vernon, Iowa, Harman attended St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland, receiving his B.A. in 1990. He then pursued graduate study under philosopher Alphonso Lingis at Penn State University, receiving his M.A. in 1991. Transferring to DePaul University in Chicago, he received his Ph. D. there in 1999. While in Chicago, he worked briefly as a sportswriter for sportsextra.com (now defunct). Since 2000, he has been a member of the Department of Philosophy at the American University in Cairo.
Through an interpretation of the tool-analysis of Heidegger's Being and Time, Harman sets out to develop what he calls an object-oriented philosophy. Taking the tool-analysis as the defining moment in twentieth-century philosophy, Harman finds in Heidegger the roots of a metaphysics of things which does justice to the autonomous existence of objects. Although working from within it, he finds the broad history of phenomenology to be deficient in that it constantly subordinates the independent life of objects to our (human) access to them. Against the Kantian tradition, his object-oriented approach considers the neglected real life of objects to be fertile ground for a resurgent metaphysics. Emphasizing the notions of substance and occasional cause (see occasionalism), he affirms the absolute autonomy of objects from all other objects while aiming to "allude" to their shadowy underground life and covert interactions by means of metaphor.
wn.com/Graham_Harman -
H. P. Lovecraft
Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) — known as H. P. Lovecraft — was an American author of horror, fantasy and science fiction, especially the subgenre known as weird fiction.
Lovecraft's guiding aesthetic and philosophical principle was what he termed "cosmicism" or "cosmic horror", the idea that life is incomprehensible to human minds and that the universe is fundamentally inimical to the interests of humankind. As such, his stories express a profound indifference to human beliefs and affairs. Lovecraft is best known for his Cthulhu Mythos story cycle and the Necronomicon, a fictional grimoire of magical rites and forbidden lore.
Although Lovecraft's readership was limited during his lifetime, his reputation has grown over the decades, and he is now regarded as one of the most influential horror writers of the 20th century. According to Joyce Carol Oates, Lovecraft—as with Edgar Allan Poe in the 19th century—has exerted "an incalculable influence on succeeding generations of writers of horror fiction".Stephen King called Lovecraft "the twentieth century's greatest practitioner of the classic horror tale." King has even made it clear in his semi-autobiographical non-fiction book Danse Macabre that Lovecraft was responsible for King's own fascination with horror and the macabre, and was the single largest figure to influence his fiction writing. His stories have also been adapted into plays, films and games.
wn.com/H._P._Lovecraft -
H. R. Giger
Hans Rudolf "Ruedi" Giger ( /ˈɡiːɡər/; born February 5, 1940) is a Swiss surrealist painter, sculptor, and set designer. He won an Academy Award for Best Achievement for Visual Effects for his design work on the film Alien.
Giger was born in Chur, Graubünden Canton, Switzerland, the son of a chemist. He spoke of a father who viewed art as a "breadless profession", and strongly encouraged his son to enter into pharmaceutics. Despite this, in 1962, he moved to Zürich, where he studied Architecture and industrial design at the School of Applied Arts until 1970. Giger had a relationship with Swiss actress Li Tobler until she committed suicide in 1975. He married Mia Bonzanigo in 1979; they separated a year and a half later.
Giger's style and thematic execution have been influential. His design for the Alien was inspired by his painting Necronom IV and earned him an Oscar in 1980. His books of paintings, particularly Necronomicon and Necronomicon II (1985) and the frequent appearance of his art in Omni magazine continued his rise to international prominence. Giger is also well known for artwork on several records.
wn.com/H._R._Giger -
H.P. Lovecraft
Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) — known as H. P. Lovecraft — was an American author of horror, fantasy and science fiction, especially the subgenre known as weird fiction.
Lovecraft's guiding aesthetic and philosophical principle was what he termed "cosmicism" or "cosmic horror", the idea that life is incomprehensible to human minds and that the universe is fundamentally inimical to the interests of humankind. As such, his stories express a profound indifference to human beliefs and affairs. Lovecraft is best known for his Cthulhu Mythos story cycle and the Necronomicon, a fictional grimoire of magical rites and forbidden lore.
Although Lovecraft's readership was limited during his lifetime, his reputation has grown over the decades, and he is now regarded as one of the most influential horror writers of the 20th century. According to Joyce Carol Oates, Lovecraft—as with Edgar Allan Poe in the 19th century—has exerted "an incalculable influence on succeeding generations of writers of horror fiction".Stephen King called Lovecraft "the twentieth century's greatest practitioner of the classic horror tale." King has even made it clear in his semi-autobiographical non-fiction book Danse Macabre that Lovecraft was responsible for King's own fascination with horror and the macabre, and was the single largest figure to influence his fiction writing. His stories have also been adapted into plays, films and games.
wn.com/H.P._Lovecraft -
Harry Houdini
Harry Houdini (born Erik Weisz, later Ehrich Weiss or Harry Weiss; March 24, 1874 – October 31, 1926) was a Hungarian-born American stunt performer, noted for his sensational escape acts. He first attracted notice as Handcuff Harry, on a tour of Europe, where he would sensationally challenge different police-forces to try to keep him locked up. This revealed a talent for gimmickry and for audience involvement that would characterise all his work. Soon he was extending his repertoire to include chains, ropes slung from skyscrapers, straitjackets under water, and having to hold his breath inside a sealed milk-can.
In 1904, thousands watched as he tried to escape from a special handcuff commissioned by London's Daily Mirror, keeping them in suspense for an hour. Another stunt saw him buried alive and only just able to claw himself to the surface, emerging in a state of near-breakdown. While many suspected that these escapes were fabricated, it is ironic that Houdini was meanwhile presenting himself as the scourge of fake magicians and spiritualists. As President of the Society of American Magicians, he was keen to uphold professional standards and expose fraudulent artists who gave practitioners a bad name. He was also quick to sue anyone who pirated his own escape-stunts.
wn.com/Harry_Houdini -
Hart Crane
Harold Hart Crane (July 21, 1899 – April 27, 1932) was an American poet. Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, Crane wrote modernist poetry that was difficult, highly stylized, and ambitious in its scope. In his most ambitious work, The Bridge, Crane sought to write an epic poem, in the vein of The Waste Land, that expressed a more optimistic view of modern, urban culture than the one that he found in Eliot's work. In the years following his suicide at the age of 32, Crane has come to be seen as one of the most influential poets of his generation.
Hart Crane was born in Garrettsville, Ohio. His father, Clarence, was a successful Ohio businessman who invented the Life Savers candy and held the patent, but sold it for $2,900 before the brand became popular. He made other candy and accumulated a fortune from the candy business with chocolate bars. Crane's mother and father were constantly fighting, and early in April, 1917, they divorced. Hart dropped out of high school during his junior year and left for New York City, promising his parents he would attend Columbia University later. His parents, in the middle of divorce proceedings, were upset. Crane took various copywriting jobs and jumped between friends’ apartments in Manhattan. Between 1917 and 1924 he moved back and forth between New York and Cleveland, working as an advertising copywriter and a worker in his father’s factory. From Crane's letters, it appears that New York was where he felt most at home, and much of his poetry is set there.
wn.com/Hart_Crane -
Hayao Miyazaki
Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿, Miyazaki Hayao?, born January 5, 1941) is a Japanese manga artist and prominent film director and animator of many popular anime feature films. Through a career that has spanned nearly fifty years, Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a maker of animated feature films and, along with Isao Takahata, co-founded Studio Ghibli, an animation studio and production company. The success of Miyazaki's films has invited comparisons with American animator Walt Disney, British animator Nick Park and Robert Zemeckis; he has also been named one of the most influential people by Time magazine.
Born in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Miyazaki began his animation career in 1961, when he joined Toei Animation. From there, Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver's Travels Beyond the Moon where he pitched his own ideas that eventually became the movie's ending. He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry over the decade until he was able to direct his first feature film Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro which was released in 1979. After the success of his next film, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, he co-founded Studio Ghibli where he continued to produce many feature films until his temporary retirement in 1997 following Princess Mononoke.
wn.com/Hayao_Miyazaki -
J. K. Rowling
Joanne "Jo" Rowling, ( /ˈroʊlɪŋ/) OBE, FRSL (born 31 July 1965), known as J. K. Rowling, is a British novelist, best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, sold more than 400 million copies to become the best-selling book series in history and been the basis for a popular series of films, in which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts as well as maintaining creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment. Rowling conceived the idea for the series on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990.
Rowling has led a "rags to riches" life story, in which she progressed from living on social security to multi-millionaire status within five years. As of March 2011[update], when its latest world billionaires list was published, Forbes estimated Rowling's net worth to be US$1 billion. The 2008 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at £560 million ($798 million), ranking her as the twelfth richest woman in the United Kingdom.Forbes ranked Rowling as the forty-eighth most powerful celebrity of 2007, and Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fans. In October 2010, J. K. Rowling was named 'Most Influential Woman in Britain' by leading magazine editors. She has become a notable philanthropist, supporting such charities as Comic Relief, One Parent Families, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain, and Lumos (formerly the Children's High Level Group).
wn.com/J._K._Rowling -
J.R.R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, CBE (
/ˈtɒlkiːn/, US /ˈtoʊlkiːn/; 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor, best known as the author of the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion.
Tolkien was Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature there from 1945 to 1959. He was a close friend of C. S. Lewis—they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as the Inklings. Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972.
After his death, Tolkien's son Christopher published a series of works based on his father's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. These, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings form a connected body of tales, poems, fictional histories, invented languages, and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda, and Middle-earth within it. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings.
wn.com/J.R.R._Tolkien -
Joe R. Lansdale
Joe R. Lansdale (born October 28, 1951) is an American author and martial-arts expert. He has written novels and stories in many genres, including Western, horror, science fiction, mystery, and suspense. He has also written for comics as well as Batman: The Animated Series.
Frequent features of Lansdale's writing are usually deeply ironic, strange or absurd situations or characters, such as Elvis and JFK battling a soul-sucking Ancient Egyptian mummy in a nursing home (the plot of his Bram Stoker Award-nominated novella, "Bubba Ho-Tep," which was made into a movie by Don Coscarelli). He is the winner of the British Fantasy Award, the American Horror Award, the Edgar Award, and eight Bram Stoker Awards. The World Horror Convention made him the recipient of the 2007 Grand Master Award for contributions to the field of Horror fiction.
He is perhaps best known for his "Hap and Leonard" series of novels which feature two friends, Hap Collins and Leonard Pine, who live in the town of Laborde, Texas, and find themselves solving a variety of often unpleasant crimes. The characters themselves are an unlikely pairing; Hap is a white working class laborer in his mid forties, and Leonard is a gay black man. Both of them are accomplished fighters, and the stories (told from Hap's narrative point of view) feature a great deal of violence, profanity and sex. Lansdale paints a picture of East Texas which is essentially "good" but blighted by racism, ignorance, urban and rural deprivation and corruption in public officials. Some of the subject matter is extremely dark, and has included pedophilia and anti-gay violence. The novels are characterized by sharp humor and "wisecracking" dialogue.
wn.com/Joe_R._Lansdale -
John Carpenter
John Howard Carpenter (born January 16, 1948) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, editor and composer. Although Carpenter has worked in numerous film genres in his four-decade career, his name is most commonly associated with horror and science fiction.
Carpenter was born in Carthage, New York, the son of Milton Jean (née Carter) and Howard Ralph Carpenter, a music professor. He and his family moved to Bowling Green, Kentucky in 1953. He was captivated by movies from an early age, particularly the westerns of Howard Hawks and John Ford, as well as 1950s low budget horror films, such as The Thing from Another World and high budget science fiction like Forbidden Planet and began filming horror shorts on 8 mm film even before entering high school. He attended Western Kentucky University where his father chaired the music department, then transferred to the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts in 1968, but later dropped out to make his first feature.
wn.com/John_Carpenter -
John J. Miller
John J. Miller (born 1970) is the director of the journalism program at Hillsdale College, in Michigan. He also writes for National Review, for which he was previously the national political reporter, The Wall Street Journal and other publications.
Born in Detroit, Miller was raised in both Michigan and Florida. He graduated from J. P. Taravella High School in 1988. Miller then attended the University of Michigan, where he was the editor in chief of the conservative student newspaper the Michigan Review. His first job was at The New Republic, in Washington, D.C.. After that, he worked for the Center for Equal Opportunity, and at the Heritage Foundation as a Bradley Fellow. He sometimes wrote for Reason, becoming a contributing editor there. He joined National Review in 1998, and continues to contribute to National Review Online.
wn.com/John_J._Miller -
Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irishsatirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
He is remembered for works such as Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, Drapier's Letters, The Battle of the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, and A Tale of a Tub. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. Swift originally published all of his works under pseudonyms—such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M.B. Drapier—or anonymously. He is also known for being a master of two styles of satire: the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.
Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland. He was the second child and only son of Jonathan Swift (1640-1667) and his wife Abigail Erick (or Herrick), of Frisby-on-the-Wreake. His father, a native of Goodrich, Herefordshire, accompanied his brothers to Ireland to seek their fortunes in law after their Royalist father's estate was brought to ruin during the English Civil War. Swift's father died at Dublin before he was born, and his mother returned to England. He was left in the care of his influential uncle, Godwin, a close friend and confidante of Sir John Temple, whose son later employed Swift as his secretary.
wn.com/Jonathan_Swift -
Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986), known as Jorge Luis Borges (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxorxe ˈlwis ˈβorxes]), was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator born in Buenos Aires. His work embraces the "character of unreality in all literature". His most famous books, Ficciones (1944) and The Aleph (1949), are compilations of short stories interconnected by common themes such as dreams, labyrinths, libraries, mirrors, animals, fictional writers, religion and God. His works have contributed to the genre of science fiction as well as the genre of magic realism, a genre that reacted against the realism/naturalism of the nineteenth century. In fact, critic Angel Flores, the first to use the term, set the beginning of this movement with Borges's Historia universal de la infamia (A Universal History of Infamy) (1935). Scholars have also suggested that Borges's progressive blindness helped him to create innovative literary symbols through imagination. His late poems dialogue with such cultural figures as Spinoza, Camões, and Virgil.
wn.com/Jorge_Luis_Borges -
Joyce Carol Oates
Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American author. Oates published her first book in 1963 and has since published over fifty novels, as well as many volumes of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction. Her novel them (1969) won the National Book Award, and her novels Black Water (1992), What I Lived For (1994), and Blonde (2000) were nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. As of 2008, Oates is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor in the Humanities with the Program in Creative Writing at Princeton University, where she has taught since 1978.
Oates was born in Lockport, New York, the daughter of Carolina (née Bush), a homemaker, and Frederic James Oates, a tool and die designer. She was raised Catholic but is now an atheist. A brother, Fred Junior, was born in 1943, and a sister, Lynn Ann, who is severely autistic, was born in 1956. Oates grew up in the working-class farming community of Millersport, New York, and characterized hers as "a happy, close-knit and unextraordinary family for our time, place and economic status". Her paternal grandmother, Blanche Woodside, lived with the family and was "very close" to Joyce. After Blanche's death, Joyce learned that Blanche's father had killed himself and Blanche had subsequently concealed her Jewish heritage; Oates eventually drew on aspects of her grandmother's life in writing the 2007 novel The Gravedigger's Daughter. Her mother was of Hungarian descent.
wn.com/Joyce_Carol_Oates -
Junji Ito
Junji Ito (伊藤 潤二, Itō Junji?, born July 31, 1963) is a Japanese horror manga artist best known for his horror stories. Some of his most notable works includes a series of stories about Tomie, an immortal girl who drives her stricken admirers to madness, Uzumaki, a three-volume series about a town obsessed with spirals, and Gyo, a single-volume story where fish are controlled by a death stench.
Junji Ito was born in the Gifu prefecture of Japan in 1963. He was inspired from a young age by both his older sister's drawings and the work of Kazuo Umezu. Ito first began writing and drawing manga as a hobby while working as a dental technician in the early 90's. In 1987, he submitted a short story to Gekkan Halloween that won an honorable mention in the Kazuo Umezu Prize (with Umezu himself as one of the judges).
In addition to Kazuo Umezu, Ito has cited Hideshi Hino, Shinichi Furuka, Yasutaka Tsutsui, and H.P. Lovecraft as being major influences on his work.
Some of the recurring themes of Ito's work include body horror, seemingly ordinary characters who begin to act out of irrational compulsion, the breakdown of society, deep sea organisms, and the inevitability of one's demise.
wn.com/Junji_Ito -
L. Sprague de Camp
Lyon Sprague de Camp (November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy, non-fiction and biography. In a writing career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books, including novels and notable works of non-fiction, including biographies of other important fantasy authors. He "was widely regarded as an imaginative and innovative writer and was an important figure in the heyday of science fiction, from the late 1930's through the late 1940's."
De Camp was born in New York City, one of three sons of Lyon de Camp and Emma Beatrice Sprague. His maternal grandfather was the accountant, banker, pioneering Volapükist and Civil War veteran Charles Ezra Sprague. De Camp once noted that he rarely used pen-names, "partly because my own true name sounds more like a pseudonym than most pseudonyms do."
An aeronautical engineer by profession, De Camp earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology in 1930, and his Master of Science degree in Engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1933. De Camp was also a surveyor and an expert in patents.
wn.com/L._Sprague_de_Camp -
Leonid Andreyev
Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev (Russian: Леони́д Никола́евич Андре́ев, 21 August [O.S. 9 August] 1871 – September 12, 1919) was a Russian playwright, novelist and short-story writer. He is one of the most talented and prolific representatives of the Silver Age period in Russian history. Andreyev's style combines elements of realist, naturalist and symbolist schools in literature.
Born in the Oryol province of Russia within a middle class family, Andreyev originally studied law in Moscow and in Saint Petersburg. He became police-court reporter for a Moscow daily, performing the routine of his humble calling without attracting any particular attention. At this time he wrote poetry and made a few efforts to publish it but was refused by most publishers. In 1898 his first short story, "Bargamot and Garaska" ("Баргамот и Гараська"), was published in the "Kurier" newspaper in Moscow. This story came to the attention of the burgeoning Maxim Gorky who recommended that Andreyev concentrate on his literary work. Andreyev eventually gave up his law practice, fast becoming a literary celebrity, and the two writers remained friends for many years to come. Through Gorky, Andreyev became a member of the Moscow Sreda literary group, and published many of his works in Gorky's Znanie collections.
wn.com/Leonid_Andreyev -
Lewis Carroll
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ( /ˈtʃɑrlz ˈlʌtwɪdʒ ˈdɒdʒsən/ CHARLZ LUDT-wij DOJ-sən; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ KARR-əl), was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, as well as the poems "The Hunting of the Snark" and "Jabberwocky", all examples of the genre of literary nonsense. He is noted for his facility at word play, logic, and fantasy, and there are societies dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life in many parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, and New Zealand.
Dodgson's family was predominantly northern English, with Irish connections. Conservative and High Church Anglican, most of Dodgson's ancestors were army officers or Church of England clergy. His great-grandfather, also named Charles Dodgson, had risen through the ranks of the church to become the Bishop of Elphin. His grandfather, another Charles, had been an army captain, killed in action in Ireland in 1803 when his two sons were hardly more than babies. His mother's name was Frances Jane Lutwidge.
wn.com/Lewis_Carroll -
Lin Carter
Linwood Vrooman Carter (June 9, 1930 – February 7, 1988) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy, as well as an editor, poet and critic. He usually wrote as Lin Carter; known pseudonyms include H. P. Lowcraft (for an H. P. Lovecraft parody) and Grail Undwin.
Carter was born in St. Petersburg, Florida. He was an avid reader of science fiction and fantasy in his youth and became broadly knowledgeable in the field. He was also quite active in fandom.
Carter served in the United States Army (Infantry, Korea, 1951–53), after which he attended Columbia University (1953–54). He was a copywriter for some years before writing full-time. He married twice, first to Judith Ellen Hershkovitz (married 1959, divorced 1960) and later to Noel Vreeland (married 1963, while they both worked for Prentice-Hall publishers; divorced 1975). He was an advertising and publishers copywriter (1957–69). From 1969 he was a freelance writer and editorial consultant. During much of his writing career he lived in Hollis, New York.
wn.com/Lin_Carter -
Lord Dunsany
Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany (24 July 1878 – 25 October 1957) was an Irish writer and dramatist, notable for his work, mostly in fantasy, published under the name Lord Dunsany. More than eighty books of his work were published, and his oeuvre includes many hundreds of published short stories, as well as successful plays, novels and essays.
Born to one of the oldest titles in the Irish peerage, Dunsany lived much of his life at perhaps Ireland's longest-inhabited home, Dunsany Castle near Tara, worked with W.B. Yeats and Lady Gregory, received an honorary doctorate from Trinity College, was chess and pistol-shooting champion of Ireland, and travelled and hunted extensively. He died in Dublin after an attack of appendicitis.
Edward Plunkett (Dunsany) was the first son of John William Plunkett, 17th Baron of Dunsany (1853–1899) and his wife, Ernle Elizabeth Louisa Maria Grosvenor Ernle-Erle-Drax, née Ernle Elizabeth Louisa Maria Grosvenor Burton (1855–1916).
From an historically wealthy and famous family, Dunsany was related to many other well-known Irish figures. He was a kinsman of the Catholic Saint Oliver Plunkett, the martyred Archbishop of Armagh. He was also related to the prominent Anglo-Irish unionist and later nationalist, Home Rule politician the Hon. Sir Horace Curzon Plunkett PC, KCVO, FRS, DL, JP (24 October 1854 – 26 March 1932) and Count George Noble Plunkett, Papal Count and Republican politician, father of Joseph Mary Plunkett, executed for his part in the 1916 Rising.
wn.com/Lord_Dunsany -
Luc Sante
Luc Sante (born 1954) is a writer and critic. Born in Verviers, Belgium, Sante emigrated to the United States in the early 1960s. He attended school in New York City, first at Regis High School in Manhattan and later at Columbia University from 1972 to 1976; due to several incompletes and outstanding library fines, he did not take a degree. Since 1984 he has been a full-time writer. Sante is a frequent contributor to the New York Review of Books, where he worked first in the mailroom and then as assistant to editor Barbara Epstein. Sante has written on the subjects of film, art, photography, and miscellaneous cultural phenomena as well as book reviews.
His books include Low Life (1991), Evidence (1992), The Factory of Facts (1998), Walker Evans (1999), Kill All Your Darlings: Pieces 1990-2005 (2007), and Folk Photography (2009). He co-edited, with the writer, his former wife,Melissa Holbrook Pierson, O. K. You Mugs: Writers on Movie Actors (1998), and translated and edited Félix Fénéon's Novels in Three Lines (2007) for the New York Review Books (NYRB) series.
wn.com/Luc_Sante -
Mark E. Smith
Mark Edward Smith (born 5 March 1957) is the lead singer, lyricist, frontman, and only constant member of the English post-punk group The Fall.
Smith was born to a working-class family in Broughton, Salford, in Lancashire, England, and moved to nearby Prestwich, to the north of Salford, early in his life. In his autobiography, Smith claimed that Alfred Henry Hook – a soldier who fought at Rorke's Drift – was an ancestor of his father, which led to the Smith family being invited as guests of honour to the Whitefield showing of Zulu, where the soldier was played by James Booth. Originally a Labour supporter, he then joined the Socialist Workers Party.
He formed The Fall (named after the novel by Camus) with friends after dropping out of college at the age of 19. He gave up his job at Salford docks shortly after to devote his full energies to The Fall, and has continued to do so ever since. Smith married Chicagoan guitarist (and Fall band member, 1983–89, 1994–96) Brix Smith on 19 July 1983, though they divorced in 1989. He has since remarried twice; his second wife was Saffron Prior who used to work for The Fall's fan club. He married his present wife, Eleni (sometimes called Elenor or Elena) Poulou, in 2001, and she joined The Fall in September 2002.
wn.com/Mark_E._Smith -
Michael Moorcock
Michael John Moorcock (born 18 December 1939, in London) is an English writer, primarily of science fiction and fantasy, who has also published a number of literary novels.
Moorcock has mentioned The Gods of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Apple Cart by George Bernard Shaw and The Constable of St. Nicholas by Edwin Lester Arnold as the first three books which captured his imagination. He became editor of Tarzan Adventures in 1956, at the age of 16, and later moved on to edit Sexton Blake Library.
As editor of the controversial British science fiction magazine New Worlds, from May 1964 until March 1971 and then again from 1976 to 1996, Moorcock fostered the development of the science fiction "New Wave" in the UK and indirectly in the United States. His serialization of Norman Spinrad's Bug Jack Barron was notorious for causing British MPs to condemn in Parliament the Arts Council's funding of the magazine.
During this time, he occasionally wrote under the pseudonym of "James Colvin", a "house pseudonym" used by other critics on New Worlds. A spoof obituary of Colvin appeared in New Worlds #197 (January 1970), written by "William Barclay" (another Moorcock pseudonym). Moorcock, indeed, makes much use of the initials "JC", and not entirely coincidentally these are also the initials of Jesus Christ, the subject of his 1967 Nebula award-winning novella Behold the Man, which tells the story of Karl Glogauer, a time-traveller who takes on the role of Christ. They are also the initials of various "Eternal Champion" Moorcock characters such as Jerry Cornelius, Jerry Cornell and Jherek Carnelian. In more recent years, Moorcock has taken to using "Warwick Colvin, Jr." as yet another pseudonym, particularly in his "Second Ether" fiction. In 2008, The Times newspaper named Moorcock in their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
wn.com/Michael_Moorcock -
Mike Mignola
Michael Joseph "Mike" Mignola ( /ˌmɪnˈjoʊlə/; born 16 September 1960) is an American comic book artist and writer who created the comic book series Hellboy for Dark Horse Comics. He has worked for animation projects such as Atlantis: The Lost Empire and the adaptation of his one shot comic book, The Amazing Screw-On Head.
Mignola was born in September 16, 1960 Berkeley, California. He began his career in 1980 by illustrating spots in the Comic Reader. His first published piece was in the Comic Reader #183, a spot illustration of Red Sonja (pg. 9). His first published front cover was the Comic Reader #196; Dominic Fortune, the Spirit, and Doc Savage in November 1981. In 1982 he graduated from the California College of the Arts with a BFA in Illustration.
In 1983 he worked on inking at Marvel Comics, working on Daredevil and Power Man & Iron Fist for Marvel Comics, and later worked on titles such as The Incredible Hulk, Alpha Flight and the Rocket Raccoon limited-series.
With writer Jim Starlin, Mignola produced the Cosmic Odyssey miniseries in 1988.
wn.com/Mike_Mignola -
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer.
Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His ancestors include John Hathorne, the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never repented of his actions. Nathaniel later added a "w" to make his name "Hawthorne" in order to hide this relation. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824, and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne anonymously published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories in various periodicals which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to The Wayside in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, and was survived by his wife and their three children.
wn.com/Nathaniel_Hawthorne -
Neil Gaiman
Neil Richard Gaiman ( /ˈɡeɪmən/; born 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, audio theatre and films. His notable works include the comic book series The Sandman and novels Stardust, American Gods, Coraline, and The Graveyard Book. He has won numerous awards, including Hugo, Nebula, Bram Stoker, Newbery Medal, and Carnegie Medal in Literature. He is the first author to win both the Newbery and the Carnegie medals for the same work.
Gaiman's family is of Polish and other Eastern European Jewish origins; his great-grandfather emigrated from Antwerp before 1914 and his grandfather eventually settled in the Hampshire city of Portsmouth and established a chain of grocery stores. His father, David Bernard Gaiman, worked in the same chain of stores; his mother, Sheila Gaiman (née Goldman), was a pharmacist. He has two younger sisters, Claire and Lizzy. After living for a period in the nearby town of Portchester, Hampshire, where Neil was born in 1960, the Gaimans moved in 1965 to the West Sussex town of East Grinstead where his parents studied Dianetics at the Scientology centre in the town; one of Gaiman's sisters works for the Church of Scientology in Los Angeles. His other sister, Lizzy Calcioli, has said, "Most of our social activities were involved with Scientology or our Jewish family. It would get very confusing when people would ask my religion as a kid. I’d say, 'I’m a Jewish Scientologist.'" Gaiman says that he is not a Scientologist, and that like Judaism, Scientology is his family's religion.
wn.com/Neil_Gaiman -
Nyarlathotep
Nyarlathotep is a name used for various characters in the works of H. P. Lovecraft and other writers. The character is commonly known in association with its role as a malign deity in the Cthulhu Mythos fictional universe, where it is known as the Crawling Chaos. First appearing in Lovecraft's 1920 prose poem of the same name, he was later mentioned in other works by Lovecraft and by other writers and in the tabletop roleplaying games making use of the Cthulhu Mythos. Later writers describe him as one of the Outer Gods.
In his first appearance in "Nyarlathotep", he is described as a "tall, swarthy man" who resembles an ancient Egyptian pharaoh. In this story he wanders the earth, seemingly gathering legions of followers, the narrator of the story among them, through his demonstrations of strange and seemingly magical instruments. These followers lose awareness of the world around them, and through the narrator's increasingly unreliable accounts the reader gets an impression of the world's collapse.
wn.com/Nyarlathotep -
Oswald Spengler
Oswald Manuel Arnold Gottfried Spengler (29 May 1880 – 8 May 1936) was a German historian and philosopher whose interests also included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes), published in 1918 and 1922, where he proposed a new theory, according to which the lifespan of civilizations is limited and ultimately they decay. In 1920 Spengler produced Prussiandom and Socialism (Preußentum und Sozialismus), which argued for an organic, nationalist version of socialism and authoritarianism. He wrote extensively throughout World War I and the interwar period, and supported German hegemony in Europe. Some National Socialists (such as Goebbels) held Spengler as an intellectual precursor but he was ostracised after 1933 for his pessimism about Germany's and Europe's future, his refusal to support Nazi ideas of racial superiority, and his critical work The Hour of Decision.
Oswald Spengler was born in 1880 in Blankenburg (then in the Duchy of Brunswick, German Empire) at the foot of the Harz mountains, the eldest of four children, and the only boy. His family was conservative German petite bourgeoisie. His father, originally a mining technician, who came from a long line of mineworkers, was a post office bureaucrat. His childhood home was emotionally reserved, and the young Spengler turned to books and the great cultural personalities for succor. He had imperfect health, and suffered throughout his life from migraine headaches and from an anxiety complex.
wn.com/Oswald_Spengler -
Peter Cannon
Peter H. Cannon (b. 1951 in California) is an H. P. Lovecraft scholar and an author of Cthulhu Mythos fiction. Cannon works as an editor for Publishers Weekly, specializing in thrillers and mystery. He lives in New York City and is married with three children.
Cannon first made his name as a critic in Lovecraft studies with his graduate theses written in the 1970s - A Case for Howard Phillips Lovecraft (Honors thesis, Stanford, 1973) and Lovecraft's New England (M.A. thesis, Brown University, June 1974). Lovecraft's Old Men appeared in a mailing of the Esoteric Order of Dagon in 1977; another by him, "You Have Been in Providence, I Perceive", published in Nyctalops (March 1978), studies the influences of Sherlock Holmes upon Lovecraft. Another article re: the Sherlock Holmes/Lovecraft influence, "Parallel Passages in 'The Adventure of the Copper Beeches' and 'The Picture in the House'" was published in Lovecraft Studies 1, No 1 (Fall 1979).
Two essays on Lovecraft appear in S.T. Joshi's critical anthology H.P. Lovecraft: Four Decades of Criticism (1980), respectively examining the influence of Vathek and of Nathaniel Hawthorne upon Lovecraft. Cannon later published a definitive critical study on Lovecraft, H.P. Lovecraft (Twayne's US Authors Series No 549, 1989).
wn.com/Peter_Cannon -
Peter Straub
Peter Francis Straub (born March 2, 1943) is an American author and poet, most famous for his work in the horror genre. His horror fiction has received numerous literary honors such as the Bram Stoker Award, World Fantasy Award, and International Horror Guild Award, placing him among the most-honored horror authors in recent history.
Straub was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At the age of seven, Straub was struck by a car, sustaining serious injuries. He was hospitalized for several months, and temporarily used a wheelchair after being released until he had re-learned how to walk. Straub has said that the accident made him prematurely aware of his own mortality.
Straub read voraciously from an early age, but his literary interests did not please his parents; his father hoped that he would grow up to be a professional athlete, while his mother wanted him to be a Lutheran minister. He attended Milwaukee Country Day School on a scholarship, and, during his time there, began writing.
Straub earned an honors B.A. in English at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1965, and an MA at Columbia University a year later. He briefly taught English at Milwaukee Country Day, then moved to Dublin, Ireland, in 1969 to work on a Ph.D., and to start writing professionally.
wn.com/Peter_Straub -
R. H. Barlow
Robert Hayward Barlow (May 18, 1918 – January 1 or 2, 1951) was an American author, avant-garde poet, anthropologist and historian of early Mexico, and expert in the Nahuatl language.
Barlow spent much of his youth at Fort Benning, Georgia, where his father, Colonel E. D. Barlow, was stationed; around 1932 Col. Barlow received a medical discharge and settled his family in the small town of DeLand, in central Florida. Family difficulties later forced Barlow to move to Washington, D.C., and Kansas.
Barlow had been a friend of writers H. P. Lovecraft and Robert E. Howard since he was 13. He collaborated with Lovecraft on six stories, and Lovecraft made several extended visits to the young Barlow at his home in De Land, Florida.
Barlow attempted to bind and distribute Lovecraft's story The Shunned House (1928) but bound only a few copies (Arkham House distributed some bound versions of the original Barlow project as late as the 1970s).
Barlow aided significantly in the preservation of Lovecraft's manuscripts by typing texts in exchange for autograph manuscripts.
wn.com/R._H._Barlow -
Ramsey Campbell
John Ramsey Campbell (born 4 January 1946 in Liverpool) is an English horror fiction author, editor and critic.
Since he first came to prominence in the mid-1960s, critics have cited Campbell as one of the leading writers in his field: T. E. D. Klein has written that "Campbell reigns supreme in the field today", while S. T. Joshi stated, "future generations will regard him as the leading horror writer of our generation, every bit the equal of Lovecraft or Blackwood."
Campbell's childhood and adolescence were marked by the rift between his parents and his mother's developing schizophrenia, an experience he has discussed in detail in the introduction and afterword to the restored text of The Face That Must Die. Although both parents lived in the same house, Campbell states, "I didn't see my father face to face for nearly twenty years, and that was when he was dying." Other autobiographical pieces regarding Campbell's life are available in Section V, "On Ramsey Campbell" in his essay collection Ramsey Campbell, Probably: 30 Years of Essays and Articles (ed. S.T. Joshi) Hornsea, UK: PS Publishing, 2002.
wn.com/Ramsey_Campbell -
Ray Bradbury
Ray Douglas Bradbury (born August 22, 1920) is an American fantasy, horror, science fiction, and mystery writer. Best known for his dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and for the science fiction stories gathered together as The Martian Chronicles (1950) and The Illustrated Man (1951), Bradbury is one of the most celebrated among 20th and 21st century American writers of speculative fiction. Many of Bradbury's works have been adapted into television shows or films.
Bradbury was born in 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois to Esther Moberg Bradbury, a Swedish immigrant, and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury, a power and telephone lineman.
Ray Bradbury is related to the American Shakespeare scholar Douglas Spaulding. He is also directly descended from Mary Bradbury, who was tried, convicted and sentenced to hang as a witch in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. She was married to Captain Thomas Bradbury of Salisbury, Massachusetts.
Bradbury was a reader and writer throughout his youth who was greatly influenced by the writings of Edgar Allan Poe. Bradbury was especially impressed with Poe's ability to draw readers into his works. In his youth, he spent much time in the Carnegie library in Waukegan, Illinois, reading such authors as H.G. Wells, Jules Verne, and his favorite author, Edgar Rice Burroughs who wrote novels such as Tarzan of the Apes and The Warlord of Mars. He loved Burroughs' The Warlord of Mars so much that at the age of twelve he wrote his own sequel. An aunt read him short stories when he was a child. He used this library as a setting for much of his novel Something Wicked This Way Comes, and depicted Waukegan as "Green Town" in some of his other semi-autobiographical novels—Dandelion Wine, Farewell Summer—as well as in many of his short stories.
wn.com/Ray_Bradbury -
Richard Lupoff
Richard Allen "Dick" Lupoff (born February 21, 1935 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American science fiction and mystery author, who has also written humor, satire, non-fiction and reviews. In addition to his two dozen novels and more than 40 short stories, he has also edited science-fantasy anthologies. He is an expert on the writing of Edgar Rice Burroughs and has an equally strong interest in H. P. Lovecraft. Before becoming a full-time writer in 1970 he worked in the computer industry.
Dick Lupff began his writing career in science fiction fandom in the 1950s, working on a number of science fiction fanzines including Xero, which he edited in the early 1960s with his wife Pat and Bhob Stewart. It received the Hugo Award for Best Fanzine in 1963. The roster of contributors included such names as Dan Adkins, James Blish, Lin Carter, Avram Davidson, L. Sprague de Camp, Roger Ebert (then 19 years of age), Harlan Ellison, Ed Gorman, Eddie Jones, Roy G. Krenkel, Frederik Pohl and Bob Tucker. In 2004, a hardcover anthology, The Best of Xero, coedited with Pat Lupoff and featuring a nostalgic introduction by Ebert, was published by Tachyon Publications. It was in turn nominated for the Hugo Award.
wn.com/Richard_Lupoff -
Rikki Ducornet
Rikki Ducornet (born Erica DeGre, April 19, 1949 in Canton, New York) is an American postmodernist, writer, poet, and artist.
Ducornet's father was a professor of sociology, and her mother hosted community-interest programs on radio and television. Ducornet grew up on the campus of Bard College in New York, earning a B.A. in Fine Arts from the same institution in 1964. While at Bard she met Robert Coover and Robert Kelly, two authors who shared Ducornet's fascination with metamorphosis and provided early models of how fiction might express this interest. In 1972 she moved to the Loire Valley in France with her then husband, Guy Ducornet. In 1988 she won a Bunting Institute fellowship at Radcliffe. In 1989 she moved back to North America after accepting a teaching position in the English Department at The University of Denver. In 2007, she replaced retired Dr. Ernest Gaines as Writer in Residence at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. In 2008, The American Academy of Arts and Letters conferred upon her one of the eight annual Academy Awards presented to writers.
wn.com/Rikki_Ducornet -
Robert Anton Wilson
Robert Anton Wilson (born Robert Edward Wilson, January 18, 1932 – January 11, 2007), known to friends as "Bob", was an American author and polymath who became at various times a novelist, philosopher, psychologist, essayist, editor, playwright, poet, futurist, civil libertarian and self-described agnostic mystic. Recognized as an episkopos, pope, and saint of Discordianism, Wilson helped publicize the group through his writings, interviews, and strolls.[clarification needed]
Wilson described his work as an "attempt to break down conditioned associations, to look at the world in a new way, with many models recognized as models or maps, and no one model elevated to the truth". His goal being "to try to get people into a state of generalized agnosticism, not agnosticism about God alone but agnosticism about everything" (cf. solipsism, acatalepsia, Pyrrhonism).
"Is", "is." "is"—the idiocy of the word haunts me. If it were abolished, human thought might begin to make sense. I don't know what anything "is"; I only know how it seems to me at this moment.
wn.com/Robert_Anton_Wilson -
Robert Bloch
Robert Albert Bloch (April 5, 1917 – September 23, 1994) was a prolific American writer, primarily of crime, horror and science fiction. He is best known as the writer of Psycho, the basis for the film of the same name by Alfred Hitchcock. He wrote that "Despite my ghoulish reputation, I really have the heart of a small boy. I keep it in a jar on my desk," (a quote borrowed by Stephen King and often misattributed to him). His fondness for a pun is evident in the titles of his story collections such as Tales in a Jugular Vein, Such Stuff as Screams Are Made Of and Out of the Mouths of Graves.
Bloch wrote hundreds of short stories and over 20 novels. He was one of the youngest members of the Lovecraft Circle. H. P. Lovecraft was Bloch's mentor and one of the first to seriously encourage his talent. However, while Bloch started his career by emulating Lovecraft and his brand of cosmic horror, he later specialized in crime and horror stories dealing with the inner workings of the human mind.
wn.com/Robert_Bloch -
Robert E. Howard
Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906 – June 11, 1936) was an American author who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres. He is probably best known for his character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre.
Howard was born and raised in the state of Texas. He spent most of his life in the town of Cross Plains with some time spent in nearby Brownwood. A bookish and intellectual child, he was also a fan of boxing and spent some time in his late teens bodybuilding, eventually taking up amateur boxing himself. From the age of nine he dreamed of becoming a writer of adventure fiction but did not have real success until he was twenty-three. Thereafter, until his death at the age of thirty by suicide, Howard's writings were published in a wide selection of magazines, journals, and newspapers, and he had became successful in several genres. Although a Conan novel was nearly published into a book in 1934, his stories never appeared in book form during his lifetime. The main outlet for his stories was in the pulp magazine Weird Tales.
wn.com/Robert_E._Howard -
Robert Jordan
Robert Jordan was the pen name of James Oliver Rigney, Jr. (October 17, 1948 – September 16, 2007) He used this pseudonym for fantasy novels, including the bestselling The Wheel of Time series for which he was best known; he also wrote historical fiction as Reagan O'Neal, a western as Jackson O'Reilly, and dance criticism as Chang Lung, and he had ghostwritten an "international thriller" that is still believed to have been written by someone else.
Jordan was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He served two tours in Vietnam (from 1968 to 1970) with the United States Army as a helicopter gunner. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster, the Bronze Star with "V" and oak leaf cluster, and two Vietnamese Gallantry Crosses with palm. After returning from Vietnam he attended The Citadel where he received an undergraduate degree in physics. After graduating he was employed by the United States Navy as a nuclear engineer. He began writing in 1977. He was a history buff and enjoyed hunting, fishing, sailing, poker, chess, pool, and pipe collecting. He described himself as a "High Church" Episcopalian and received communion more than once a week. He lived with his wife Harriet McDougal, who works as a book editor (currently with Tor Books; she was also Jordan's editor) in a house built in 1797. Responding to queries on the similarity of some of the concepts in his Wheel of Time books with Freemasonry concepts, Jordan admitted that he was a Freemason. However, "like his father and grandfather," he did not prefer to advertise, possibly because of the negative propaganda against Freemasonry. In his own words, "no man in this country should feel in danger because of his beliefs."
wn.com/Robert_Jordan -
Robert M. Price
Robert McNair Price (born July 7, 1954) is an American theologian and writer. He teaches philosophy and religion at the Johnnie Colemon Theological Seminary, is professor of biblical criticism at the Center for Inquiry Institute, and the author of a number of books on theology and the historicity of Jesus, including Deconstructing Jesus (2000), The Reason Driven Life (2006), Jesus is Dead (2007), Inerrant the Wind: The Evangelical Crisis in Biblical Authority (2009), and The Case Against the Case for Christ (2010).
A former Baptist minister, he was the editor of the Journal of Higher Criticism from 1994 until it ceased publication in 2003, and has written extensively about the Cthulhu Mythos, a "shared universe" created by the writer H. P. Lovecraft. He also co-wrote a book with his wife, Carol Selby Price, Mystic Rhythms: The Philosophical Vision of Rush (1999), on the rock band Rush.
Price is a fellow of the Jesus Seminar, a group of 150 writers and scholars who study the historicity of Jesus, the organizer of a Web community for those interested in the history of Christianity, and sits on the advisory board of the Secular Student Alliance. He is a religious skeptic, especially of orthodox Christian beliefs, occasionally describing himself as a Christian atheist. He is known in particular for his skepticism about the existence of Jesus as an historical figure, arguing in 2009 that Jesus may have existed but "unless someone discovers his diary or his skeleton, we'll never know."
wn.com/Robert_M._Price -
Robert W. Chambers
Robert William Chambers (May 26, 1865 – December 16, 1933) was an American artist and writer.
He was born in Brooklyn, New York, to William P. Chambers (1827–1911), a famous lawyer, and Caroline Chambers (née Boughton), a direct descendant of Roger Williams, the founder of Providence, Rhode Island. Robert's brother was Walter Boughton Chambers, the world famous architect.
Robert was first educated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute,and then entered the Art Students' League at around the age of twenty, where the artist Charles Dana Gibson was his fellow student. Chambers studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, and at Académie Julian, in Paris from 1886 to 1893, and his work was displayed at the Salon as early as 1889. On his return to New York, he succeeded in selling his illustrations to Life, Truth, and Vogue magazines. Then, for reasons unclear, he devoted his time to writing, producing his first novel, In the Quarter (written in 1887 in Munich). His most famous, and perhaps most meritorious, effort is The King in Yellow, an 1895 collection of weird short stories, connected by the theme of the fictitious drama The King in Yellow, which drives those who read it insane. E. F. Bleiler described The King in Yellow as one of the most important works of American supernatural fiction.
wn.com/Robert_W._Chambers -
Rupert Hughes
Rupert Hughes (1872—1956) was an American historian, novelist, film director and composer based in Hollywood. Hughes was born in Lancaster, Missouri. His parents were Felix Turner Hughes and Jean Amelia Summerlin, who were married in 1865. His brother Howard R. Hughes, Sr., co-founded the Hughes Tool Company. He was the uncle of Howard Hughes, the famous aviation magnate and filmmaker. His three volume scholarly biography of George Washington broke new ground in demythologizing the general and was well received by historians. He was elected as an honorary member of the Alpha chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity at the New England Conservatory in Boston in 1917. Hughes, active in state politics, was one of the founders of the California State Guard in 1940. In the 1940s he served as president of the American Writers Association, a group of anti-Communist writers.
Hughes' short story "Don't Call Me Madame" was filmed as Tillie and Gus (1933). Another of his stories was filmed as Miss Fane's Baby Is Stolen (1934).
wn.com/Rupert_Hughes -
S. T. Joshi
Sunand Tryambak Joshi (b. 22 June 1958 in Pune, India) — known as S. T. Joshi — is an award-winning Indian American literary critic, novelist, and a leading figure in the study of Howard Phillips Lovecraft and other authors of weird and fantastic fiction. Besides having written what critics such as Harold Bloom and Joyce Carol Oates consider to be the definitive biography of Lovecraft, I Am Providence: The Life and Times of H.P. Lovecraft (Hippocampus Press, 2 vols., 2010 [originally published in one volume as H. P. Lovecraft: A Life, 1996]), Joshi has prepared (with David E. Schultz) several annotated editions of works by Ambrose Bierce. He has also written on crime novelist John Dickson Carr and on Lord Dunsany, Algernon Blackwood and M. R. James, and has edited collections of their works, as well as collections of the best work of several other weird writers. He is a significant bibliographer, having compiled bibliographies of Lovecraft, Bierce, Dunsany, Ramsey Campbell, William Hope Hodgson (forthcoming), Ray Bradbury and Clark Ashton Smith. He has been general editor of the Horror Classics series for Dover Publications. Most recently he has turned his attention to collecting and editing the works of H. L. Mencken. He currently resides in Seattle, Washington.
wn.com/S._T._Joshi -
S.T. Joshi
Sunand Tryambak Joshi (b. 22 June 1958 in Pune, India) — known as S. T. Joshi — is an award-winning Indian American literary critic, novelist, and a leading figure in the study of Howard Phillips Lovecraft and other authors of weird and fantastic fiction. Besides having written what critics such as Harold Bloom and Joyce Carol Oates consider to be the definitive biography of Lovecraft, I Am Providence: The Life and Times of H.P. Lovecraft (Hippocampus Press, 2 vols., 2010 [originally published in one volume as H. P. Lovecraft: A Life, 1996]), Joshi has prepared (with David E. Schultz) several annotated editions of works by Ambrose Bierce. He has also written on crime novelist John Dickson Carr and on Lord Dunsany, Algernon Blackwood and M. R. James, and has edited collections of their works, as well as collections of the best work of several other weird writers. He is a significant bibliographer, having compiled bibliographies of Lovecraft, Bierce, Dunsany, Ramsey Campbell, William Hope Hodgson (forthcoming), Ray Bradbury and Clark Ashton Smith. He has been general editor of the Horror Classics series for Dover Publications. Most recently he has turned his attention to collecting and editing the works of H. L. Mencken. He currently resides in Seattle, Washington.
wn.com/S.T._Joshi -
Sandy Petersen
Carl Sanford Joslyn Petersen (born September 16, 1955) is a game designer.
Petersen was born in St. Louis, Missouri and attended University of California, Berkeley, majoring in zoology.
He is a well-known fan of H. P. Lovecraft, whose work he first encountered in a World War II Armed Services edition of The Dunwich Horror and other Weird Tales found in his father's library. In 1974, Dungeons & Dragons brought his interest to role-playing games. His interest for role-playing games and H. P. Lovecraft were fused when he became principal author of Chaosium's game Call of Cthulhu, published 1981, and many scenarios and background pieces thereafter. While working for Chaosium he co-authored the second edition of RuneQuest, for which he also co-wrote the critically acclaimed Trollpak and a number of other Gloranthan supplements. He still plays and runs role-playing games, and is a frequent guest at conventions where he usually runs a freeform game of his own devising, and/or helps to run someone else's game.
wn.com/Sandy_Petersen -
Sonia Greene
Sonia Haft Greene Lovecraft Davis (16 March 1883, Ichnia - 26 December 1972) was a one-time pulp fiction writer and amateur publisher, a single mother, business woman and successful milliner who bankrolled several fanzines in the early twentieth century. She is perhaps best known for being president of the United Amateur Press Association, and her two-year marriage to American weird fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft.
Some of Sonia's biographical details are unclear – she was born as either Sonia Haft Shafirkin or as Sonia Shaferkin Haft in either Ichnia, Ukraine, Russian Empire or Konotop, Chernigov Province to Simyon and Racille (Haft) Shafirkin. Her father apparently died when she was a child, and her mother emigrated to the United States, leaving Sonia and her brother in Liverpool at the Baron Maurice de Hirsch School. Sonia joined her mother in America in 1892, after her mother remarried to a shopkeeper named Samuel Morris.
At the age of sixteen, on 24 December 1899, Sonia married Samuel Greene, a Russian whose name may have originally been Samuel Seckendorff, who was ten years her senior. The following year she gave birth to a son, who died at three months of age. Her daughter, Florence Carol (later Carol Weld) was born on 19 March 1902. According to Lovecraft's correspondent Alfred Galpin Greene was "a man of brutal character". The marriage was turbulent, and Greene died in 1916, apparently by his own hand.
wn.com/Sonia_Greene -
Stephen King
Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of contemporary horror, suspense, science fiction and fantasy fiction. His books have sold more than 350 million copies and have been adapted into a number of feature films, television movies and comic books. As of 2011, King has written and published 49 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, five non-fiction books, and nine collections of short stories. Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine.
King has received Bram Stoker Awards, World Fantasy Awards, British Fantasy Society Awards, his novella The Way Station was a Nebula Award novelette nominee, and in 2003, the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. He has also received awards for his contribution to literature for his whole career, such as the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement (2004), the Canadian Booksellers Association Lifetime Achievement Award (2007) and the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America (2007).
wn.com/Stephen_King -
Stephen R. Donaldson
Stephen Reeder Donaldson (born May 13, 1947) is an American fantasy, science fiction and mystery novelist, most famous for The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant, his ten-novel fantasy series. His work is characterized by psychological complexity, conceptual abstractness, moral bleakness, and the use of an arcane vocabulary, and has attracted critical praise for its "imagination, vivid characterizations, and fast pace." He earned his bachelor's degree from The College of Wooster and a Master's degree from Kent State University. He currently resides in New Mexico.
In the United Kingdom he is usually called "Stephen Donaldson" (without the "R").
Donaldson was attending Kent State University as a graduate student at the time of the Kent State massacre on May 4, 1970. Though he was not on campus at the time of the shootings, his apartment was one and a half blocks away, and he was forced to live under martial law for three days afterwards. Donaldson does not like to discuss the incident, as he finds the memories disturbing. Donaldson is a fan of opera, and has said that he "love[s] that direct expression of passionate emotion in beautiful sound".
wn.com/Stephen_R._Donaldson -
Stuart Gordon
Stuart Gordon (born August 11, 1947 in Chicago, Illinois) is a director, writer and producer of films and plays. Most of Gordon's film work is in the horror genre, though he has also ventured into science fiction. Like his friend and fellow filmmaker Brian Yuzna, Gordon is a fan of H. P. Lovecraft and has adapted several Lovecraft stories for the screen. They include Re-Animator, From Beyond, Castle Freak (from The Outsider), and Dagon, as well as the Masters of Horror episode "Dreams in the Witch-House".
Gordon attended the University of Wisconsin and soon after formed Screw Theater. In March 1968 Gordon's Screw Theater produced The Game Show at the UW Memorial Union. The goal of the production was to get the audience to leave. To that end the heat was turned to 90, ushers chained the doors behind the audience, the show's start time delayed and the content of The Game Show made as inane as possible. The audience finally demanded to leave one hour and fifty minutes into the two hour production. In the fall of 1968, he produced a version of Peter Pan that got him and his future wife arrested for obscenity. The story made national headlines until the charges were dropped in November 1968. As Gordon described it in a 2001 interview:
wn.com/Stuart_Gordon -
Terry Pratchett
Sir Terence David John "Terry" Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948) is an English novelist, known for his frequently comical work in the fantasy genre. He is best known for his popular and long-running Discworld series of comic fantasy novels. Pratchett's first novel, The Carpet People, was published in 1971, and since his first Discworld novel (The Colour of Magic) was published in 1983, he has written two books a year on average. His latest Discworld book, Snuff is the third-fastest-selling novel since records began in the United Kingdom selling 55,000 copies in the first three days.
Pratchett was the UK's best-selling author of the 1990s, and has sold over 70 million books worldwide in thirty-seven languages. He is currently the second most-read writer in the UK, and seventh most-read non-US author in the US.
Pratchett was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1998 and was knighted "for services to literature" in 2009. In addition, he was knighted in the 2009 New Year Honours. In 2001 he won the Carnegie Medal for his children's novel The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents.
wn.com/Terry_Pratchett -
The Batman
Batman is a fictional character, a comic book superhero created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger. The character first appeared in Detective Comics #27 (May 1939), and since then has appeared primarily in publications by DC Comics. Originally referred to as "The Bat-Man" and still referred to at times as "The Batman", he is additionally known as "The Caped Crusader", "The Dark Knight", and "The World's Greatest Detective," among other titles.
In the original version of the story and the vast majority of retellings, Batman's secret identity is Bruce Wayne, an American millionaire (later billionaire) playboy, industrialist, and philanthropist. Having witnessed the murder of his parents as a child, he swore revenge on criminals, an oath tempered with the greater ideal of justice. Wayne trains himself both physically and intellectually and dons a bat-themed costume in order to fight crime. Batman operates in the fictional American Gotham City, assisted by various supporting characters including his crime-fighting partner, Robin, his butler Alfred Pennyworth, the police commissioner Jim Gordon, and occasionally the heroine Batgirl. He fights an assortment of villains such as the Joker, the Penguin, the Riddler, Two-Face, Poison Ivy and Catwoman. Unlike most superheroes, he does not possess any superpowers; he makes use of intellect, detective skills, science and technology, wealth, physical prowess, martial arts skills, an indomitable will, fear, and intimidation in his continuous war on crime.
wn.com/The_Batman -
Thomas Bulfinch
Thomas Bulfinch (July 15, 1796 – May 27, 1867) was an American writer, born in Newton, Massachusetts. Bulfinch belonged to a well educated Bostonian merchant family of modest means. His father was Charles Bulfinch, the architect of the Massachusetts State House in Boston and parts of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.. Bulfinch supported himself through his position at the Merchants' Bank of Boston.
Although Thomas Bulfinch reorganized Psalms to illustrate the history of the Hebrews, he is best known as the author of Bulfinch's Mythology, an 1881 compilation of his previous works:
Bulfinch's Mythology is a classic work of popularized mythology, still in print 150 years after the first work, Age of Fable, was published in 1855. The compilation, assembled posthumously by Edward Everett Hale, includes various stories belonging to the mythological traditions known as the Matter of Rome, the Matter of Britain and the Matter of France, respectively. Bulfinch wrote in his preface
"Our work is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the philosopher, but for the reader of English literature, of either sex, who wishes to comprehend the allusions so frequently made by public speakers, lecturers, essayists, and poets, and those which occur in polite conversation."
wn.com/Thomas_Bulfinch -
Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet de Voltaire (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃.swa ma.ʁi aʁ.wɛ]; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by the pen name Voltaire (pronounced: [vɔl.tɛːʁ]), was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion, freedom of expression, free trade and separation of church and state. Voltaire was a prolific writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poetry, novels, essays, and historical and scientific works. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets. He was an outspoken supporter of social reform, despite strict censorship laws with harsh penalties for those who broke them. As a satirical polemicist, he frequently made use of his works to criticize intolerance, religious dogma and the French institutions of his day.
Voltaire was one of several Enlightenment figures (along with Montesquieu, John Locke, Richard Price, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Émilie du Châtelet) whose works and ideas influenced important thinkers of both the American and French Revolutions.
wn.com/Voltaire -
Walt Disney
Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon, and philanthropist, well known for his influence in the field of entertainment during the 20th century. Along with his brother Roy O. Disney, he was co-founder of Walt Disney Productions, which later became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world. The corporation is now known as The Walt Disney Company and had an annual revenue of approximately US$36 billion in the 2010 financial year.
Disney is particularly noted as a film producer and a popular showman, as well as an innovator in animation and theme park design. He and his staff created some of the world's most well-known fictional characters including Mickey Mouse, for whom Disney himself provided the original voice. During his lifetime he received four honorary Academy Awards and won 22 Academy Awards from a total of 59 nominations, including a record four in one year, giving him more awards and nominations than any other individual in history. Disney also won seven Emmy Awards and gave his name to the Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the U.S., as well as the international resorts Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland.
wn.com/Walt_Disney -
William Blake
William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. His prophetic poetry has been said to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language". His visual artistry has led one contemporary art critic to proclaim him "far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced". Although he lived in London his entire life except for three years spent in Felpham he produced a diverse and symbolically rich corpus, which embraced the imagination as "the body of God", or "Human existence itself".
Considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, Blake is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings and poetry have been characterised as part of both the Romantic movement and "Pre-Romantic", for its large appearance in the 18th century. Reverent of the Bible but hostile to the Church of England – indeed, to all forms of organised religion – Blake was influenced by the ideals and ambitions of the French and American revolutions, as well as by such thinkers as Jakob Böhme and Emanuel Swedenborg. Despite these known influences, the singularity of Blake's work makes him difficult to classify. The 19th-century scholar William Rossetti characterised Blake as a "glorious luminary," and as "a man not forestalled by predecessors, nor to be classed with contemporaries, nor to be replaced by known or readily surmisable successors".
wn.com/William_Blake -
William Hope Hodgson
William Hope Hodgson (November 15, 1877 – April 1918) was an English author. He produced a large body of work, consisting of essays, short fiction, and novels, spanning several overlapping genres including horror, fantastic fiction and science fiction. Early in his writing career he dedicated effort to poetry, although few of his poems were published during his lifetime. He also attracted some notice as a photographer and achieved some renown as a bodybuilder. He died in World War I at the age of 40.
Hodgson was born in Blackmore End, Essex, the son of Samuel Hodgson, an Anglican priest, and Lissie Sarah Brown. He was the second of twelve children, three of whom died in infancy. The death of a child is a theme in several of Hodgson's works including the short stories "The Valley of Lost Children", "The Sea-Horses", and "The Searcher of the End House".
Hodgson's father was moved frequently, and served 11 different parishes in 21 years, including one in County Galway, Ireland. This setting was later featured in Hodgson's novel The House on the Borderland.
wn.com/William_Hope_Hodgson -
Willis Conover
Willis Clark Conover, Jr. (October 18, 1920 – May 17, 1996) was a jazz producer and broadcaster on the Voice of America for over forty years. He produced jazz concerts at the White House, the Newport Jazz Festival, and for movies and television. By arranging concerts where people of all races were welcome, he is credited with desegregating Washington DC nightclubs. Conover is credited with keeping interest in jazz alive in the countries of Eastern Europe through his nightly broadcasts during the cold war.
As a young man Conover was interested in science fiction, and published a science fiction fanzine, Science Fantasy Correspondent. This brought him into contact with horror writer H.P. Lovecraft. The correspondence between Lovecraft, who was at the end of his life, and the young Conover, has been published as Lovecraft at Last (Carrolton-Clark, 1975; reprint 2004).
Conover's father had intended for him to attend The Citadel and follow his family's tradition of military service. Instead, he attended the Maryland State Teacher's College at Salisbury, Maryland, and became a radio announcer for WTBO in Cumberland, Maryland.
wn.com/Willis_Conover -
World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
wn.com/World_War_I -
Zardonic
Federico Augusto Ágreda Álvarez, best known as Zardonic, is a Venezuelan keyboardist, DJ, composer, producer and remixer known for his drum and bass act as well as his dark ambient, black metal and minimal techno sideprojects. His remix work include tracks for Nine Inch Nails, The Berzerker and Gorgoroth, as well as original releases in Dieselboy's Human Imprint label and Skrillex's OWSLA label.
Using the Gore Priest moniker, Federico recorded his first demo in 2001, followed by an unreleased album in 2002 entitled Beneath Eternal Oceans Of Melancholy. Soon after, he recorded two environmental noise albums entitled Astral Chambers and Soulnatomy under the Intimus Universum alias. In 2003, Venezuelan label Melomaniac Metalmedia Records released his first album entitled War Against Humanity: The Armageddon Chronicles. The album consisted of an imitation of guitar sounds through synthesizers, which earned him the Best Keyboardist award in the Premios Metal Hecho en Venezuela 2002-2003 (Metal Made In Venezuela Awards 2002-2003).
wn.com/Zardonic
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
HP computers are racist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
The face tracking feature of the HP web cam will not recognize or track black faces. You have to watch this video. It is hilarious!
http://wn.com/HP_computers_are_racist
The face tracking feature of the HP web cam will not recognize or track black faces. You have to watch this video. It is hilarious!
Alexis & Fido - HP (Original)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
twitter.com es-es.facebook.com ----►►► ★Descargala aqui bit.ly ★★★★★ www.facebook.com Visita www.artistadecalle.com HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
http://wn.com/Alexis_Fido_HP_Original
twitter.com es-es.facebook.com ----►►► ★Descargala aqui bit.ly ★★★★★ www.facebook.com Visita www.artistadecalle.com HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido HP - Alexis y Fido Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
- published: 01 Jan 2012
- views: 1007467
- author: artistadcalle
HP Make it Matter :60 commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
We believe in the power of people when technology works for you. If you're going to do something, make it matter.
http://wn.com/HP_Make_it_Matter_60_commercial
We believe in the power of people when technology works for you. If you're going to do something, make it matter.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 2014010
- author: HP
3000 HP Mustang
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Mach 1 Mustang from Steve Morris Engines, We do complete car packages just like this. Go to www.stevemorrisengines.com to see the dyno video.
http://wn.com/3000_HP_Mustang
Mach 1 Mustang from Steve Morris Engines, We do complete car packages just like this. Go to www.stevemorrisengines.com to see the dyno video.
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 347422
- author: stevemorrisracing
HP Envy Spectre XT Ultrabook Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:18
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Lisa Gade reviews the HP Envy Spectre XT Ultrabook. The Spectre XT has a metal casing that's both attractive and well put together. It has a 13.3" gloss 1366 x 768 display, a third generation Intel Core i5 ULV CPU, 4 gigs of RAM and a 128 or 256 gig SSD. It has gigabit Ethernet (a rarity on Ultrabooks), dual band Intel WiFi Advanced N-6235, Bluetooth 4.0 and a backlit keyboard. The laptop weighs 3 lbs. and starts at $999. Read our full written review here: www.mobiletechreview.com .
http://wn.com/HP_Envy_Spectre_XT_Ultrabook_Review
Lisa Gade reviews the HP Envy Spectre XT Ultrabook. The Spectre XT has a metal casing that's both attractive and well put together. It has a 13.3" gloss 1366 x 768 display, a third generation Intel Core i5 ULV CPU, 4 gigs of RAM and a 128 or 256 gig SSD. It has gigabit Ethernet (a rarity on Ultrabooks), dual band Intel WiFi Advanced N-6235, Bluetooth 4.0 and a backlit keyboard. The laptop weighs 3 lbs. and starts at $999. Read our full written review here: www.mobiletechreview.com .
- published: 30 Aug 2012
- views: 29792
- author: MobileTechReview
The HP Touch Computer (1983)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
www.cchronicles.com From the Computer Chronicles TV show.
http://wn.com/The_HP_Touch_Computer_1983
www.cchronicles.com From the Computer Chronicles TV show.
- published: 20 Feb 2008
- views: 125953
- author: ckmogo
The 700 HP Hennessey Camaro ZL1 -- TUNED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:57
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Tuned goes to Sealy, TX to test Hennessey's take on the already potent Camaro ZL1, one of the loudest cars we've ever had the privilege of driving. We discuss what it's like to drive a paddle-shifted muscle car and race Hennessey's daily driver CTS-V "Hammer Wagon" down their private drag strip.
http://wn.com/The_700_HP_Hennessey_Camaro_ZL1_-_TUNED
Tuned goes to Sealy, TX to test Hennessey's take on the already potent Camaro ZL1, one of the loudest cars we've ever had the privilege of driving. We discuss what it's like to drive a paddle-shifted muscle car and race Hennessey's daily driver CTS-V "Hammer Wagon" down their private drag strip.
- published: 13 Aug 2012
- views: 314583
- author: drive
The 600 HP APR Stage 3 Audi TTRS - TUNED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:28
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Alabama is the last place you'd expect to find one of the world's largest tuner companies for German cars, but here, at this facility, APR provides hardware and software to thousands of Audi and VW customers every month. Matt helps them with some development testing by providing opinions on their new Stage 3 package for the Audi TTRS, producing 560 horsepower at the wheels in a car based on the VW Golf!
http://wn.com/The_600_HP_APR_Stage_3_Audi_TTRS_TUNED
Alabama is the last place you'd expect to find one of the world's largest tuner companies for German cars, but here, at this facility, APR provides hardware and software to thousands of Audi and VW customers every month. Matt helps them with some development testing by providing opinions on their new Stage 3 package for the Audi TTRS, producing 560 horsepower at the wheels in a car based on the VW Golf!
- published: 16 Jul 2012
- views: 285386
- author: drive
HP Envy 14 Spectre Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:42
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Here is Lisa Gade's video review of the HP Envy 14 Spectre Ultrabook. Check out our full review at: www.mobiletechreview.com It has Gorilla Glass on the lid, on the edge-to-edge display and on the palmrest! This is more of a designer notebook than a performance powerhouse like prior Envy laptops. It's a bit heavier that other Ultrabooks at 4 lbs. and it runs on Intel Core i5 and i7 ULV CPUs with 4 gigs of RAM and an SSD drive. It has a 1600 x 900 HP Radiance 14" display and Intel HD 3000 integrated graphics. It starts at $1399.
http://wn.com/HP_Envy_14_Spectre_Review
Here is Lisa Gade's video review of the HP Envy 14 Spectre Ultrabook. Check out our full review at: www.mobiletechreview.com It has Gorilla Glass on the lid, on the edge-to-edge display and on the palmrest! This is more of a designer notebook than a performance powerhouse like prior Envy laptops. It's a bit heavier that other Ultrabooks at 4 lbs. and it runs on Intel Core i5 and i7 ULV CPUs with 4 gigs of RAM and an SSD drive. It has a 1600 x 900 HP Radiance 14" display and Intel HD 3000 integrated graphics. It starts at $1399.
- published: 10 Mar 2012
- views: 108351
- author: MobileTechReview
The 700 HP RennTech CLS63 AMG - TUNED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:21
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Hartmut Feyhl left AMG after 15 years to start his own tuning company, RennTech, which is now one of the most respected AMG tuners in the world. His products range from simple software upgrades to full racing builds based on AMG street cars. We take his new, 700 horsepower CLS63 for a spin and establish a new benchmark for luxury sedans: must be able to do burnouts while moving at highway speeds.
http://wn.com/The_700_HP_RennTech_CLS63_AMG_TUNED
Hartmut Feyhl left AMG after 15 years to start his own tuning company, RennTech, which is now one of the most respected AMG tuners in the world. His products range from simple software upgrades to full racing builds based on AMG street cars. We take his new, 700 horsepower CLS63 for a spin and establish a new benchmark for luxury sedans: must be able to do burnouts while moving at highway speeds.
- published: 03 Sep 2012
- views: 172774
- author: drive
HP Z1 video
- published: 14 Feb 2012
- views: 28251
- author: ZiveCz
HP ENVY m4 Notebook
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Discover the HP ENVY m4 notebook PC, delivering the perfect balance of mobility, performance and entertainment for everything you need on the go.
http://wn.com/HP_ENVY_m4_Notebook
Discover the HP ENVY m4 notebook PC, delivering the perfect balance of mobility, performance and entertainment for everything you need on the go.
- published: 23 Oct 2012
- views: 3329
- author: hpcomputers
UNBOXING: HP Pavilion dm3z (USA) / dm3-1020ca (Canada)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:15
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
www.digitalhomethoughts.com Want to buy a dm3? http [Affiliate] Watch part one of the review: www.youtube.com This is my unboxing and first impressions video of the HP dm3; the dm3 is a new laptop from HP that's an evolution of the dv2 - it's thin, light, and not very expensive. It uses the AMD Athlon Neo X2 dual-core processor, a semi-low power processor that uses 18 watts of power, but delivers better performance than the Intel Atom processors found in netbooks. This particular model has 4 GB of RAM, uses a 320 GB 7200 RPM hard drive, has a memory card reader, ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, four USB ports, and HDMI out. The 13.3 inch wide-screen display is 1366 x 768 pixels in resolution (driven by an ATI Radeon 3200 GPU), and it has a built-in Webcam and microphone. The keyboard is full-sized, and the laptop features Altec Lansing speakers. The 6-cell battery is rated for up to six hours of battery life. Please rate, subscribe, and comment. Thanks!
http://wn.com/UNBOXING_HP_Pavilion_dm3z_USA_dm3-1020ca_Canada
www.digitalhomethoughts.com Want to buy a dm3? http [Affiliate] Watch part one of the review: www.youtube.com This is my unboxing and first impressions video of the HP dm3; the dm3 is a new laptop from HP that's an evolution of the dv2 - it's thin, light, and not very expensive. It uses the AMD Athlon Neo X2 dual-core processor, a semi-low power processor that uses 18 watts of power, but delivers better performance than the Intel Atom processors found in netbooks. This particular model has 4 GB of RAM, uses a 320 GB 7200 RPM hard drive, has a memory card reader, ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, four USB ports, and HDMI out. The 13.3 inch wide-screen display is 1366 x 768 pixels in resolution (driven by an ATI Radeon 3200 GPU), and it has a built-in Webcam and microphone. The keyboard is full-sized, and the laptop features Altec Lansing speakers. The 6-cell battery is rated for up to six hours of battery life. Please rate, subscribe, and comment. Thanks!
- published: 20 Nov 2009
- views: 116837
- author: ThoughtsMedia
Hitler learns HP is abandoning WebOS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Hitler is upset to learn HP is abandoning WebOS and the TouchPad. But he can't bump his and his mom's together!? All content belongs to the original creators of Downfall (A fantastic movie, I may add!)
http://wn.com/Hitler_learns_HP_is_abandoning_WebOS
Hitler is upset to learn HP is abandoning WebOS and the TouchPad. But he can't bump his and his mom's together!? All content belongs to the original creators of Downfall (A fantastic movie, I may add!)
- published: 19 Aug 2011
- views: 286502
- author: herplederples
HP's Social Story
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
See how HP, the world's #1 technology company, is transforming into a socially connected business with social employees and social products. Learn more about salesforce.com's solutions for high-tech: www.salesforce.com Begin your social transformation today. Download your free ebook: salesforce.com Subscribe to Salesforce on YouTube to receive exclusive updates on new videos: bit.ly
http://wn.com/HP's_Social_Story
See how HP, the world's #1 technology company, is transforming into a socially connected business with social employees and social products. Learn more about salesforce.com's solutions for high-tech: www.salesforce.com Begin your social transformation today. Download your free ebook: salesforce.com Subscribe to Salesforce on YouTube to receive exclusive updates on new videos: bit.ly
- published: 20 Mar 2012
- views: 34668
- author: salesforce
HP CEO Meg Whitman on the New HP ElitePad Tablet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
HP is announcing the ElitePad 900 enterprise-ready tablet. Business people will love its sleek beauty, and IT managers will love its security, manageability and serviceability.
http://wn.com/HP_CEO_Meg_Whitman_on_the_New_HP_ElitePad_Tablet
HP is announcing the ElitePad 900 enterprise-ready tablet. Business people will love its sleek beauty, and IT managers will love its security, manageability and serviceability.
- published: 01 Oct 2012
- views: 37717
- author: hpcomputers
HP ENVY 15 Late 2011 Model Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:05
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Here is Lisa Gade's HP ENVY 15 late 2011 model review. Check out Lisa's full written review at: www.mobiletechreview.com This is a relatively thin and light 15.6" notebook with the power of a 17" gaming notebook inside. It has a 2.2GHz Intel Core i7 CPU (quad core), 8 gigs of RAM, a 750 gig 7200RPM hard drive, and switchable Intel HD 3000 plus AMD Radeon HD 7690M graphics with 1 gig DDR5 VRAM. It has a metal casing and Beats audio with 6 speakers.
http://wn.com/HP_ENVY_15_Late_2011_Model_Review
Here is Lisa Gade's HP ENVY 15 late 2011 model review. Check out Lisa's full written review at: www.mobiletechreview.com This is a relatively thin and light 15.6" notebook with the power of a 17" gaming notebook inside. It has a 2.2GHz Intel Core i7 CPU (quad core), 8 gigs of RAM, a 750 gig 7200RPM hard drive, and switchable Intel HD 3000 plus AMD Radeon HD 7690M graphics with 1 gig DDR5 VRAM. It has a metal casing and Beats audio with 6 speakers.
- published: 14 Jan 2012
- views: 109549
- author: MobileTechReview
HP Envy x2 Hands On & Guided Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Sometimes you're at an IFA party focusing on accessories and peripherals, not expecting to see hot new hardware from one of Microsoft's top hardware partners, and all you've got to shoot a hands-on video is an HTC One X. But sometimes the product is so interesting, it's worth it. In this video, David from HP shows us what's new and exciting about the HP Envy x2 - and it's a long list. For more IFA coverage, visit us at pocketnow.com Follow us on Twitter at http Follow Michael on Twitter at www.twitter.com Thanks for watching, and stay tuned for more!
http://wn.com/HP_Envy_x2_Hands_On_Guided_Tour
Sometimes you're at an IFA party focusing on accessories and peripherals, not expecting to see hot new hardware from one of Microsoft's top hardware partners, and all you've got to shoot a hands-on video is an HTC One X. But sometimes the product is so interesting, it's worth it. In this video, David from HP shows us what's new and exciting about the HP Envy x2 - and it's a long list. For more IFA coverage, visit us at pocketnow.com Follow us on Twitter at http Follow Michael on Twitter at www.twitter.com Thanks for watching, and stay tuned for more!
- published: 01 Sep 2012
- views: 32930
- author: pocketnowvideo
HP Discover 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
HP Discover. Making Technology Work for You. See some of the best moments from HP Discover 2012 in Las Vegas and join us in Frankfurt, December 4 - 6, 2012.
http://wn.com/HP_Discover_2012
HP Discover. Making Technology Work for You. See some of the best moments from HP Discover 2012 in Las Vegas and join us in Frankfurt, December 4 - 6, 2012.
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 5083
- author: HP
HP Offers 'That Cloud Thing Everyone Is Talking About'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
HP announced they're making a new push into cloud computing and that they totally know what that is. Subscribe to The Onion on YouTube: bit.ly Like The Onion on Facebook: www.fb.com Follow The Onion on Twitter: www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/HP_Offers_'That_Cloud_Thing_Everyone_Is_Talking_About'
HP announced they're making a new push into cloud computing and that they totally know what that is. Subscribe to The Onion on YouTube: bit.ly Like The Onion on Facebook: www.fb.com Follow The Onion on Twitter: www.twitter.com
- published: 29 Jul 2012
- views: 110379
- author: TheOnion
3000 HP - Super Speeders Garage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
A walk through of Robs personal cars sports cars. Totaling over 3000 horsepower they all have one thing in common. Big wings! Note: He even appealed to critics and wore a wireless mic this time.
http://wn.com/3000_HP_Super_Speeders_Garage
A walk through of Robs personal cars sports cars. Totaling over 3000 horsepower they all have one thing in common. Big wings! Note: He even appealed to critics and wore a wireless mic this time.
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 91076
- author: superspeedersRob
Cramer: HP Is The Next Kodak
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Cramer: HP Is The Next Kodak
http://wn.com/Cramer_HP_Is_The_Next_Kodak
Cramer: HP Is The Next Kodak
- published: 04 Oct 2012
- views: 259
- author: TheStreetTV
HP Burned by Cooked Books
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
HP Burned by Cooked Books
http://wn.com/HP_Burned_by_Cooked_Books
HP Burned by Cooked Books
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 66
- author: TheStreetTV
This article is about the author. For the rock group, see H. P. Lovecraft (band).
 |
This article may contain excessive, poor or irrelevant examples. You can improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (September 2009) |
Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) — known as H. P. Lovecraft — was an American author of horror, fantasy and science fiction, especially the subgenre known as weird fiction.[1]
Lovecraft's guiding aesthetic and philosophical principle was what he termed "cosmicism" or "cosmic horror", the idea that life is incomprehensible to human minds and that the universe is fundamentally inimical to the interests of humankind. As such, his stories express a profound indifference to human beliefs and affairs. Lovecraft is best known for his Cthulhu Mythos story cycle and the Necronomicon, a fictional grimoire of magical rites and forbidden lore.[2]
Although Lovecraft's readership was limited during his lifetime, his reputation has grown over the decades, and he is now regarded as one of the most influential horror writers of the 20th century. According to Joyce Carol Oates, Lovecraft—as with Edgar Allan Poe in the 19th century—has exerted "an incalculable influence on succeeding generations of writers of horror fiction".[3] Stephen King called Lovecraft "the twentieth century's greatest practitioner of the classic horror tale."[4][5] King has even made it clear in his semi-autobiographical non-fiction book Danse Macabre that Lovecraft was responsible for King's own fascination with horror and the macabre, and was the single largest figure to influence his fiction writing.[6] His stories have also been adapted into plays, films and games.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Early life[link]
Lovecraft was born on August 20, 1890, at 9:00 a.m. in his family home at 194 (later 454) Angell Street in Providence, Rhode Island. (The house was torn down in 1961.) He was the only child of Winfield Scott Lovecraft, a traveling salesman of jewelry and precious metals, and Sarah Susan Phillips Lovecraft, who could trace her ancestry in America back to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1631. His parents married, the first marriage for both, when they were in their thirties, unusually late in life given the time period. In 1893, when Lovecraft was three, his father became acutely psychotic in a Chicago hotel room while on a business trip. The elder Lovecraft was taken back to Providence and placed in Butler Hospital, where he remained until his death in 1898. Lovecraft maintained throughout his life that his father had died in a condition of paralysis brought on by "nervous exhaustion" due to over-work, but it is now almost certain that the actual cause was paresis due to syphilis.[7] It is unknown whether the younger Lovecraft was ever aware of the actual nature of his father's illness or its cause, although his mother likely was.
After his father's hospitalization, Lovecraft was raised by his mother, his two aunts (Lillian Delora Phillips and Annie Emeline Phillips), and his maternal grandfather, Whipple Van Buren Phillips, an American businessman. All five resided together in the family home. Lovecraft was a prodigy, reciting poetry at the age of three and writing complete poems by six. His grandfather encouraged his reading, providing him with classics such as The Arabian Nights, Bulfinch's Age of Fable, and children's versions of the Iliad and the Odyssey. His grandfather also stirred the boy's interest in the weird by telling him his own original tales of Gothic horror.
Lovecraft was frequently ill as a child. Due to his sickly condition, he barely attended school until he was eight years old, and then was withdrawn after a year. He read voraciously during this period and became especially enamored of chemistry and astronomy. He produced several hectographed publications with a limited circulation beginning in 1899 with The Scientific Gazette. Four years later, he returned to public school at Hope High School (Rhode Island). Beginning in his early life, Lovecraft is believed to have suffered from night terrors, a rare parasomnia disorder; he believed himself to be assaulted at night by horrific "night gaunts." Much of his later work is thought to have been directly inspired by these terrors. (Indeed, Night Gaunts became the subject of a poem he wrote of the same name, in which they were personified as devil-like creatures without faces.)
His grandfather's death in 1904 greatly affected Lovecraft's life. Mismanagement of his grandfather's estate left his family in a poor financial situation and they were forced to move into much smaller accommodations at 598 (now a duplex at 598-600) Angell Street. In 1908, prior to his high school graduation, he himself claimed to have suffered what he later described as a "nervous breakdown", and consequently never received his high school diploma (although he maintained for most of his life that he did graduate). S. T. Joshi suggests in his biography of Lovecraft that a primary cause for this breakdown was his difficulty in higher mathematics, a subject he needed to master to become a professional astronomer.
Lovecraft wrote some fiction as a youth but, from 1908 until 1913, his output was primarily poetry. During that time, he lived a hermit's existence, having almost no contact with anyone but his mother. This changed when he wrote a letter to The Argosy, a pulp magazine, complaining about the insipidness of the love stories of one of the publication's popular writers, Fred Jackson.[8] The ensuing debate in the magazine's letters column caught the eye of Edward F. Daas, President of the United Amateur Press Association (UAPA), who invited Lovecraft to join them in 1914. The UAPA reinvigorated Lovecraft and incited him to contribute many poems and essays. In 1917, at the prodding of correspondents, he returned to fiction with more polished stories, such as "The Tomb" and "Dagon". The latter was his first professionally-published work, appearing in W. Paul Cook's The Vagrant (November, 1919) and Weird Tales in 1923. Around that time, he began to build up a huge network of correspondents. His lengthy and frequent missives would make him one of the great letter writers of the century. Among his correspondents were Robert Bloch (Psycho), Clark Ashton Smith, and Robert E. Howard (Conan the Barbarian series).
In 1919, after suffering from hysteria and depression for a long period of time, Lovecraft's mother was committed to Butler Hospital just as her husband had been. Nevertheless, she wrote frequent letters to Lovecraft, and they remained very close until her death on May 24, 1921, the result of complications from gall bladder surgery.
Marriage and New York[link]
A few weeks after his mother's death, Lovecraft attended an amateur journalist convention in Boston, Massachusetts, where he met Sonia Greene. Born in 1883, she was of Ukrainian-Jewish ancestry and seven years older than Lovecraft. They married in 1924, and the couple relocated to Brooklyn and moved into her apartment. Lovecraft's aunts may have been unhappy with this arrangement, as they were not fond of Lovecraft being married to a tradeswoman (Greene owned a hat shop). Initially, Lovecraft was enthralled by New York, but soon the couple were facing financial difficulties. Greene lost her hat shop and suffered poor health. Lovecraft could not find work to support them both, so his wife moved to Cleveland for employment. Lovecraft lived by himself in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn and came to dislike New York life intensely.[9] Indeed, this daunting reality of failure to secure any work in the midst of a large immigrant population—especially irreconcilable with his opinion of himself as a privileged Anglo-Saxon—has been theorized as galvanizing his racism to the point of fear, a sentiment he employed in the short story "The Horror at Red Hook".[10]
A few years later, Lovecraft and his wife, still living separately, agreed to an amicable divorce, which was never fully completed. He returned to Providence to live with his aunts during their remaining years.
Return to Providence[link]
Back in Providence, Lovecraft lived in a "spacious brown Victorian wooden house" at 10 Barnes Street until 1933. The same address is given as the home of Dr. Willett in Lovecraft's The Case of Charles Dexter Ward. The period after his return to Providence — the last decade of his life — was Lovecraft's most prolific. In that time he produced almost all of his best-known short stories for the leading pulp publications of the day (primarily Weird Tales), as well as longer efforts, such as The Case of Charles Dexter Ward and At the Mountains of Madness. He frequently revised work for other authors and did a large amount of ghost-writing, including "The Mound", "Winged Death", "The Diary of Alonzo Typer" and for Harry Houdini "Under the Pyramids" (also known as "Imprisoned With the Pharaohs").
Lovecraft considered himself a "New Deal Democrat", and was an ardent supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt. His political views can be considered as "moderately socialist."[11]
Despite his best writing efforts, however, he grew ever poorer. He was forced to move to smaller and meaner lodgings with his surviving aunt. He was also deeply affected by his former correspondent Robert E. Howard's suicide. In 1936, Lovecraft was diagnosed with cancer of the small intestine,[12] and he also suffered from malnutrition. He lived in constant pain until his death on March 15, 1937, in Providence.
In accordance with his lifelong scientific curiosity, he kept a diary of his illness until close to the moment of his death.
Lovecraft was listed along with his parents on the Phillips family monument (41°51′14″N 71°22′52″W / 41.8540176°N 71.3810921°W / 41.8540176; -71.3810921). That was not enough for his fans, so in 1977 a group of them raised the money to buy him a headstone of his own in Swan Point cemetery, on which they had inscribed Lovecraft's name, the dates of his birth and death, and the phrase "I AM PROVIDENCE", a line from one of his personal letters.
Themes[link]
 |
This section may contain previously unpublished synthesis of published material that conveys ideas not attributable to the original sources. See the talk page for details. (February 2009) |
Several themes recur in Lovecraft's stories:
| Now all my tales are based on the fundamental premise that common human laws and interests and emotions have no validity or significance in the vast cosmos-at-large. To me there is nothing but puerility in a tale in which the human form-and the local human passions and conditions and standards-are depicted as native to other worlds or other universes. To achieve the essence of real externality, whether of time or space or dimension, one must forget that such things as organic life, good and evil, love and hate, and all such local attributes of a negligible and temporary race called mankind, have any existence at all. Only the human scenes and characters must have human qualities. These must be handled with unspairing realism, (not catch-penny romanticism) but when we cross the line to the boundless and hideous unknown-the shadow-haunted Outside-we must remember to leave our humanity and terrestrialism at the threshold. |
| —H.P. Lovecraft in note to the editor of Weird Tales on resubmission of "The Call of Cthulhu" [13] |
Forbidden knowledge[link]
The central theme in most of Lovecraft's works is that of forbidden knowledge.[14] Some critics argue that this theme is a reflection of Lovecraft's contempt of the world around him, causing him to search inwardly for knowledge and inspiration.[15] In Lovecraft's works the search for forbidden knowledge drives many of the main characters. In most of his works this knowledge proves Promethean in nature either filling the seeker with regret from what they have learned, destroying them psychically, or completely destroying the person who holds the knowledge.[14][16][17][18][19][20]
Non-human influences on humanity[link]
The beings of Lovecraft's mythos often have human (or mostly human) servants; Cthulhu, for instance, is worshipped under various names by cults amongst both the Eskimos of Greenland and voodoo circles of Louisiana, and in many other parts of the world.
These worshippers served a useful narrative purpose for Lovecraft. Many beings of the Mythos were too powerful to be defeated by human opponents, and so horrific that direct knowledge of them meant insanity for the victim. When dealing with such beings, Lovecraft needed a way to provide exposition and build tension without bringing the story to a premature end. Human followers gave him a way to reveal information about their "gods" in a diluted form, and also made it possible for his protagonists to win paltry victories. Lovecraft, like his contemporaries, envisioned "savages" as closer to the Earth, only in Lovecraft's case, this meant, so to speak, closer to Cthulhu.
Inherited guilt[link]
Another recurring theme in Lovecraft's stories is the idea that descendants in a bloodline can never escape the stain of crimes committed by their forebears, at least if the crimes are atrocious enough. Descendants may be very far removed, both in place and in time (and, indeed, in culpability), from the act itself, and yet, they may be haunted by the revenant past, e.g. "The Rats in the Walls", "The Lurking Fear", "Arthur Jermyn", "The Alchemist", "The Shadow Over Innsmouth", "The Doom that Came to Sarnath" and "The Case of Charles Dexter Ward".
Fate[link]
Often in Lovecraft's works the protagonist is not in control of his own actions, or finds it impossible to change course. Many of his characters would be free from danger if they simply managed to run away; however, this possibility either never arises or is somehow curtailed by some outside force, such as in "The Colour Out of Space" and "The Dreams in the Witch House". Often his characters are subject to a compulsive influence from powerful malevolent or indifferent beings. As with the inevitability of one's ancestry, eventually even running away, or death itself, provides no safety ("The Thing on the Doorstep", "The Outsider", The Case of Charles Dexter Ward, etc.). In some cases, this doom is manifest in the entirety of humanity, and no escape is possible ("The Shadow Out of Time").
Civilization under threat[link]
Lovecraft was familiar with the work of the German conservative-revolutionary theorist Oswald Spengler, whose pessimistic thesis of the decadence of the modern West formed a crucial element in Lovecraft's overall anti-modern worldview. Spenglerian imagery of cyclical decay is present in particular in At the Mountains of Madness. S. T. Joshi, in H.P. Lovecraft: The Decline of the West, places Spengler at the center of his discussion of Lovecraft's political and philosophical ideas.[21]
Lovecraft wrote to Clark Ashton Smith in 1927: "It is my belief, and was so long before Spengler put his seal of scholarly proof on it, that our mechanical and industrial age is one of frank decadence".[22] Lovecraft was also acquainted with the writings of another German philosopher of decadence: Friedrich Nietzsche.[23]
Lovecraft frequently dealt with the idea of civilization struggling against dark, primitive barbarism. In some stories this struggle is at an individual level; many of his protagonists are cultured, highly-educated men who are gradually corrupted by some obscure and feared influence.
In such stories, the "curse" is often a hereditary one, either because of interbreeding with non-humans (e.g., "Facts Concerning the Late Arthur Jermyn and His Family" (1920), "The Shadow over Innsmouth" (1931) or through direct magical influence (The Case of Charles Dexter Ward). Physical and mental degradation often come together; this theme of 'tainted blood' may represent concerns relating to Lovecraft's own family history, particularly the death of his father due to what Lovecraft must have suspected to be a syphilitic disorder.
In other tales, an entire society is threatened by barbarism. Sometimes the barbarism comes as an external threat, with a civilized race destroyed in war (e.g., "Polaris"). Sometimes, an isolated pocket of humanity falls into decadence and atavism of its own accord (e.g., "The Lurking Fear"). But most often, such stories involve a civilized culture being gradually undermined by a malevolent underclass influenced by inhuman forces.
There is a lack of analysis as to whether England's gradual loss of prominence and related conflicts (Boer War, India, World War I) had an influence on Lovecraft's worldview. It is likely that the "roaring twenties" left Lovecraft disillusioned as he was still obscure and struggling with the basic necessities of daily life, combined with seeing non-European immigrants in New York City.
Race, ethnicity, and class[link]
Racism is the most controversial aspect of Lovecraft’s works which “does not endear Lovecraft to the modern reader” and comes across through many disparaging remarks against the various non-Anglo-Saxon races and cultures within his work. Lovecraft did not seem to hold all White people in high regard, but rather he held English people and people of English descent above all others.[24][25][26] While his racist perspective is undeniable, some critics argue that it does not necessarily detract from his ability to create compelling philosophical worlds which have inspired many artists and readers.[12][26] In his writings and personal life he argued for a strong color line for the purpose of preserving race and culture.[12][24][25][27] These arguments occurred either through direct statements against different races in his work and personal correspondence,[10][12][24][25][26] or allegorically in his work using non-human races.[17][24][28][29] Reading Lovecraft's work, his racial attitude was seen as more cultural than biological, showing sympathy to others who assimilated into the western culture and even marrying a Jewish woman whom he viewed as "well assimilated".[12][24][25][29] While Lovecraft's racial attitude has been seen as directly influenced by the time, a reflection of the New England society he grew up in,[24][25][26][30][31] this racism appeared stronger than the popular viewpoints held at that time.[26][29] Some researchers note that his views failed to change in the face of increased social change of that time which invalidated many of his strongly held views.[12][24]
Risks of a scientific era[link]
At the turn of the 20th century, man's increased reliance upon science was both opening new worlds and solidifying the manners by which he could understand them. Lovecraft portrays this potential for a growing gap of man's understanding of the universe as a potential for horror. Most notably in "The Colour Out of Space", the inability of science to comprehend a contaminated meteorite leads to horror.
In a letter to James F. Morton in 1923, Lovecraft specifically points to Einstein's theory on relativity as throwing the world into chaos and making the cosmos a jest. And in a 1929 letter to Woodburn Harris, he speculates that technological comforts risk the collapse of science. Indeed, at a time when men viewed science as limitless and powerful, Lovecraft imagined alternative potential and fearful outcomes. In "The Call of Cthulhu", Lovecraft's characters encounter architecture which is "abnormal, non-Euclidian, and loathsomely redolent of spheres and dimensions apart from ours".[32] Non-Euclidean geometry is the mathematical language and background of Einstein's general theory of relativity, and Lovecraft references it repeatedly in exploring alien archaeology.
Religion[link]
Lovecraft's works are ruled by several distinct pantheons of deities who are either indifferent or actively hostile to humanity. Several, particularly those of the Cthulhu Mythos, indulge upon alternate mythic human origins in contrast to those found in the creation stories of existing religions, expanding on a natural world view. Protagonist characters are usually educated men, citing scientific and rationalist evidence to support their non-faith. Herbert West–Reanimator, reflects on the atheism common within academic circles. In "The Silver Key", the character Randolph Carter attempts after losing access to dreams to seek solace in religion, specifically Congregationalism, but does not find it and ultimately loses faith.
Lovecraft himself adopted the stance of atheism early in his life. In 1932 he wrote in a letter to Robert E. Howard: "All I say is that I think it is damned unlikely that anything like a central cosmic will, a spirit world, or an eternal survival of personality exist. They are the most preposterous and unjustified of all the guesses which can be made about the universe, and I am not enough of a hair-splitter to pretend that I don't regard them as arrant and negligible moonshine. In theory I am an agnostic, but pending the appearance of radical evidence I must be classed, practically and provisionally, as an atheist."[33]
Influences on Lovecraft[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012) |
Some of Lovecraft's work was inspired by nightmares of his own. As he studied many scientific advances of biology, astronomy, geology, and physics, Lovecraft was more and more confounded and fueled his skepticism on humanity. His interest started from his childhood days when his grandfather would tell him Gothic horror stories. The influence of Arthur Machen, with his carefully constructed tales concerning the survival of ancient evil into modern times in an otherwise realistic world and his beliefs in hidden mysteries which lay behind reality, looms large.
Lovecraft was also influenced by authors such as Gertrude Barrows Bennett (who, writing as Francis Stevens, impressed Lovecraft enough that he publicly praised her stories and eventually "emulated Bennett's earlier style and themes"), Oswald Spengler, Robert W. Chambers (writer of The King in Yellow, of whom Lovecraft wrote in a letter to Clark Ashton Smith: "Chambers is like Rupert Hughes and a few other fallen Titans — equipped with the right brains and education but wholly out of the habit of using them").
The biggest influence was Edgar Allan Poe. Lovecraft had many similarities with Poe; they both lost their fathers at a young age, loved poetry, and used archaisms (language pertaining to an earlier generation) in their writing. They both went against the contemporary styles and created their own worlds of fantasy.
Furthermore, Lovecraft's discovery of the stories of Lord Dunsany with their pantheon of mighty gods existing in dreamlike outer realms, moved his writing in a new direction, resulting in a series of imitative fantasies in a 'Dreamlands' setting.
Another inspiration came from a totally different kind of source; the scientific progress at the time in such diverse areas as biology, astronomy, geology, and physics, all contributed to make Lovecraft see the human race seem even more insignificant, powerless, and doomed in a materialistic and mechanical universe. Lovecraft's materialist views led his fiction to espouse his philosophical views; his fiction therefore consists of a stance or worldview which may be termed cosmicism. Lovecraft was a keen amateur astronomer from his youth, often visiting the Ladd Observatory in Providence, and penning numerous astronomical articles for local newspapers. His astronomical telescope is now housed in the rooms of the August Derleth Society.
This took on a dark tone with the creation of what is today often called the Cthulhu Mythos, a pantheon of alien extra-dimensional deities and horrors which predate humanity, and which are hinted at in aeon-old myths and legends. The term "Cthulhu Mythos" was coined by Lovecraft's correspondent and fellow author, August Derleth, after Lovecraft's death; Lovecraft jocularly referred to his artificial mythology as "Yog-Sothothery".
Lovecraft considered himself a man best suited to the early 18th century. His writing style, especially in his many letters, owes much to Augustan British writers of the Enlightenment like Joseph Addison and Jonathan Swift.
He also cited Algernon Blackwood as an influence, quoting The Centaur in the head paragraph of The Call of Cthulhu. He also declares Blackwood's "The Willows" to be the single best piece of weird fiction ever written.[34]
Among the books found in his library (as evidenced in Lovecraft's Library by S. T. Joshi) was "The Seven Who Were Hanged" by Leonid Andreyev and "A Strange Manuscript Found in a Copper Cylinder" by James De Mille.
Lovecraft's style has often been criticised by unsympathetic critics, yet scholars such as S. T. Joshi have shown that Lovecraft consciously utilised a variety of literary devices to form a unique style of his own - these include conscious archaism, prose-poetic techniques combined with essay-form techniques, alliteration, anaphora, crescendo, transferred epithet, metaphor, symbolism and colloquialism.
Lovecraft's influence on culture[link]
|
|
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012) |
Main articles: Lovecraftian horror and Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture
Lovecraft was relatively unknown during his own time. While his stories appeared in the pages of prominent pulp magazines such as Weird Tales (eliciting letters of outrage as often as letters of praise from regular readers of the magazines), not many people knew his name. He did, however, correspond regularly with other contemporary writers, such as Clark Ashton Smith and August Derleth, people who became good friends of his, even though they never met in person. This group of writers became known as the "Lovecraft Circle", since they all freely borrowed elements of Lovecraft's stories – the mysterious books with disturbing names, the pantheon of ancient alien entities, such as Cthulhu and Azathoth, and eldritch places, such as the New England town of Arkham and its Miskatonic University – for use in their own works (with Lovecraft's blessing and encouragement).
After Lovecraft's death, the Lovecraft Circle carried on. August Derleth in particular added to and expanded on Lovecraft's vision. However, Derleth's contributions have been controversial, to say the least; while Lovecraft never considered his pantheon of alien gods more than a mere plot device, Derleth created an entire cosmology, complete with a war between the "good" "Elder Gods" and the "evil" "Outer Gods" (such as Cthulhu and his ilk), which the "good" Gods were supposed to have won, locking Cthulhu and others up beneath the earth, in the ocean etc. Derleth's Cthulhu Mythos stories went on to associate different gods with the traditional four elements of fire, air, earth and water - an artificial constraint which required justificatory contortions on Derleth's part since Lovecraft himself never envisioned such a scheme.
Lovecraft's fiction has been grouped into three categories by some critics. While Lovecraft did not refer to these categories himself, he did once write, "There are my 'Poe' pieces and my 'Dunsany pieces' – but alas – where are any Lovecraft pieces?"[35]
- Macabre stories (approximately 1905–1920)
- Dream Cycle stories (approximately 1920–1927)
- Cthulhu Mythos/Lovecraft Mythos stories (approximately 1925–1935)
H. P. Lovecraft is now noted as a significant figure in 20th-century horror fiction. His writing, particularly the so-called "Cthulhu Mythos", has influenced fiction authors worldwide, and Lovecraftian elements can be found in novels, films, movies, music, video games, comic books (e.g. the use of Arkham Insane Asylum in The Batman comic book series), and even cartoons. Many modern horror and fantasy writers, including Stephen King, Bentley Little, Joe R. Lansdale, Alan Moore, Junji Ito, F. Paul Wilson, Brian Lumley, Caitlín R. Kiernan, and Neil Gaiman, have cited Lovecraft as one of their primary influences. Beyond direct adaptation, Lovecraft and his stories have had a profound impact on popular culture and have been praised by many modern writers. Some influence was direct, as he was a friend, inspiration, and correspondent to many of his contemporaries, such as August Derleth, Robert E. Howard, Robert Bloch and Fritz Leiber. Many later figures were influenced by Lovecraft's works, including author and artist Clive Barker, prolific horror writer Stephen King, comics writers Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman and Mike Mignola, film directors John Carpenter, Stuart Gordon, and Guillermo Del Toro, horror manga artist Junji Ito, and artist H. R. Giger.[36]
Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges wrote his short story There Are More Things in memory of Lovecraft. Contemporary French writer Michel Houellebecq wrote a literary biography of Lovecraft called H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life. Prolific American writer Joyce Carol Oates wrote an introduction for a collection of Lovecraft stories. The Library of America published a volume of Lovecraft's work in 2005, essentially declaring him a canonical American writer.[37][38][39] French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari made reference to Lovecraft in A Thousand Plateaus and called the short story "Through the Gates of the Silver Key" one of his masterpieces.[40]
He has also been a significant influence on speculative realism, a recent continental philosophy movement,[41] with admirers from Graham Harman (who has connected the cognitive style of Husserl to Lovecraft and has developed what he describes as "weird realism") to Iranian writer Reza Negarestani.[42][43]
In music, examples of Lovecraftian influence include the psychedelic rock band H. P. Lovecraft (who shortened their name to Lovecraft and then Love Craft in the 1970s) who released the H. P. Lovecraft and H. P. Lovecraft II albums in 1967 and 1968 respectively. The drum and bass artist Zardonic has an album titled "Lovecraft Machine" [44] and a song named after the fictional monster Cthulhu. The metal band Metallica who recorded a song inspired by "The Call of Cthulhu", an instrumental entitled "The Call of Ktulu",[45] a song based on The Shadow Over Innsmouth titled "The Thing That Should Not Be",[46] and a song based on Frank Belknap Long's "The Hounds of Tindalos", titled "All Nightmare Long";[47] Black Sabbath's "Behind the Wall of Sleep", which appeared on their 1970 debut album and is based on Lovecraft's short story "Beyond the Wall of Sleep"; The Darkest of the Hillside Thickets whose entire repertoire is Lovecraft-based; The Mountain Goats song called "Lovecraft in Brooklyn" on their 2008 album Heretic Pride; black metal band Nehëmah has songs inspired by Lovecraft including "Creeping Chaos", "The Great Old Ones", "Dead But Dreaming in the Eternal Icy Waste", and "The Elder Gods Awakening" on their 2004 album Requiem Tenebrae; melodic death metal band The Black Dahlia Murder also has produced several songs based on the Cthulhu Mythos, "Throne of Lunacy" and "Thy Horror Cosmic"; progressive metal band Dream Theater's song "The Dark Eternal Night" is based on the story "Nyarlathotep" by Lovecraft; Morbid Angel also features songs that uses the Mythos; Mark E Smith, lead singer of The Fall, is a known fan of Lovecraft's work, and the song "Spectre Vs Rector", a ghost story, contains the lyric "Yog Sothoth rape me lord"; and UK anarcho-punk band Rudimentary Peni make repeated references in their song titles, lyrics and artwork, including the album Cacophony, all 30 songs of which are inspired by the life and writings of Lovecraft.[48] Doom metal band Catacombs has an album based on Lovecraft called In the Depths of R'lyeh. In the Iron Maiden album Live After Death, the band mascot, Eddie, is rising from a grave, where can be read "H.P. Lovecraft" and a quote from The Nameless City: "That is not dead which can eternal lie yet with strange aeons even death may die."
The Lovecraftian world has also made its mark on gaming. Chaosium first made its mark as a publisher of games based on Lovecraft's Mythos. The role-playing game Call of Cthulhu has been in print for 30 years (currently in its sixth major edition) and has garnered consistent praise for the high quality of its campaign and adventure supplements. Two collectible card games are Mythos and Call of Cthulhu, the Living Card Game. In the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game the Arcana Force archetype is based on his works. Several video games are based on or influenced heavily by Lovecraft such as Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth, Shadow of the Comet, Prisoner of Ice, Shadowman, Alone in the Dark, Chzo Mythos, Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem, Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened, Amnesia: The Dark Descent, Dead Space, Splatterhouse, Darkness Within: In Pursuit of Loath Nolder, Darkness Within 2: The Dark Lineage, Penumbra, and Quake. Also, whilst not always Lovecraft based at their essence, references to his work are frequent in other games such as Fallout 3, Sam & Max: The Devil's Playhouse, World of Warcraft,[49] and Blood.
Lovecraft as a character in fiction[link]
Aside from his thinly-veiled appearance in Robert Bloch's "The Shambler from the Stars", Lovecraft continues to be used as a character in supernatural fiction. Examples include:
- Bradbury, Ray: In an early version of the story "The Exiles", published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Volume 1 No. 2 (Winter-Spring 1950), and later to become part of Bradbury's Martian Chronicles, Bradbury uses Lovecraft as a character, making a brief (600-word) appearance, eating ice cream in front of a fire and complaining about how cold he is. The passage was excised from all subsequent versions of the story.
- Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea: "The Illuminatus! Trilogy" (1975). Lovecraft and his works are discussed at length in the first book, The Eye in the Pyramid. Lovecraft makes an in-person appearance in the second book, The Golden Apple, where he first converses with Robert Putney Drake about the occult dimensions of his work. Lovecraft's aunt, Annie Gamwell, and his acquaintance, Hart Crane, also make appearances as characters in the trilogy.
- Lupoff, Richard A.: Lovecraft's Book (1985).
- H.P. Lovecraft's: Necronomicon (1993).
- Barbour, David and Richard Raleigh. Shadows Bend (2000).
- Cannon, Peter. The Lovecraft Chronicles (2004).
- Stargate SG-1: Roswell, where Lovecraft encounters and assists time-traveling team SG-1, one of whom's stories are the basis for his novels (2007).
Survey of the work[link]
|
|
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012) |
For most of the 20th century, the definitive editions (specifically At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels, Dagon and Other Macabre Tales, The Dunwich Horror and Others, and The Horror in the Museum and Other Revisions) of his prose fiction were published by Arkham House, a publisher originally started with the intent of publishing the work of Lovecraft, but which has since published a considerable amount of other literature as well. Penguin Classics has at present issued three volumes of Lovecraft's works: The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories, The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories, and most recently The Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories. They collect the standard texts as edited by S. T. Joshi, most of which were available in the Arkham House editions, with the exception of the restored text of "The Shadow Out of Time" from The Dreams in the Witch House, which had been previously released by small-press publisher Hippocampus Press. In 2005 the prestigious Library of America canonized Lovecraft with a volume of his stories edited by Peter Straub, and Random House's Modern Library line have issued the "definitive edition" of Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness (also including "Supernatural Horror in Literature").
Lovecraft's poetry is collected in The Ancient Track: The Complete Poetical Works of H. P. Lovecraft (Night Shade Books, 2001), while much of his juvenilia, various essays on philosophical, political and literary topics, antiquarian travelogues, and other things, can be found in Miscellaneous Writings (Arkham House, 1989). Lovecraft's essay "Supernatural Horror in Literature", first published in 1927, is a historical survey of horror literature available with endnotes as The Annotated Supernatural Horror in Literature.
Letters[link]
Although Lovecraft is known mostly for his works of weird fiction, the bulk of his writing consists of voluminous letters about a variety of topics, from weird fiction and art criticism to politics and history.
He sometimes dated his letters 200 years before the current date, which would have put the writing back in U.S. colonial times, before the American Revolution (a war which offended his Anglophilia). He explained that he thought that the 18th and 20th centuries were the "best"; the former being a period of noble grace, and the latter a century of science.
Lovecraft was not a very active letter-writer in youth. In 1931 he admitted: "In youth I scarcely did any letter-writing — thanking anybody for a present was so much of an ordeal that I would rather have written a two hundred fifty-line pastoral or a twenty-page treatise on the rings of Saturn." (SL 3.369–70). The initial interest in letters stemmed from his correspondence with his cousin Phillips Gamwell but even more important was his involvement in the amateur journalism movement, which was initially responsible for the enormous number of letters Lovecraft produced.
Despite his light letter-writing in youth, in later life his correspondence was so voluminous that it has been estimated that he may have written around 30,000 letters to various correspondents, a figure which places him second only to Voltaire as an epistolarian. Lovecraft's later correspondence is primarily to fellow weird fiction writers, rather than to the amateur journalist friends of his earlier years.
Lovecraft clearly states that his contact to numerous different people through letter-writing was one of the main factors in broadening his view of the world: "I found myself opened up to dozens of points of view which would otherwise never have occurred to me. My understanding and sympathies were enlarged, and many of my social, political, and economic views were modified as a consequence of increased knowledge." (SL 4.389).
Today there are five publishing houses that have released letters from Lovecraft, most prominently Arkham House with its five-volume edition Selected Letters. (Those volumes, however, severely abridge the letters they contain). Other publishers are Hippocampus Press (Letters to Alfred Galpin et al.), Night Shade Books (Mysteries of Time and Spirit: The Letters of H. P. Lovecraft and Donald Wandrei et al..), Necronomicon Press (Letters to Samuel Loveman and Vincent Starrett et al.), and University of Tampa Press (O Fortunate Floridian: H. P. Lovecraft's Letters to R. H. Barlow). S.T. Joshi is supervising an ongoing series of volumes collecting Lovecraft's unabridged letters to particular correspondents.
Ohio University Press also published "Lord of a Visible World — An Autobiography in Letters" in 2000 which presents his letters according to themes, such as adolescence and travel. It was edited by S. T. Joshi and David E. Schultz.
Copyright[link]
There is controversy over the copyright status of many of Lovecraft's works, especially his later works. Lovecraft had specified that the young R. H. Barlow would serve as executor of his literary estate,[50] but these instructions had not been incorporated into his will. Nevertheless his surviving aunt carried out his expressed wishes, and Barlow was given charge of the massive and complex literary estate upon Lovecraft's death.
Barlow deposited the bulk of the papers, including the voluminous correspondence, with the John Hay Library, and attempted to organize and maintain Lovecraft's other writing. August Derleth, an older and more established writer than Barlow, vied for control of the literary estate. One result of these conflicts was the legal confusion over who owned what copyrights.
All works published before 1923 are public domain in the U.S.[51] However, there is some disagreement over who exactly owns or owned the copyrights and whether the copyrights apply to the majority of Lovecraft's works published post-1923.
Questions center over whether copyrights for Lovecraft's works were ever renewed under the terms of the United States Copyright Act of 1976 for works created prior to January 1, 1978. The problem comes from the fact that before the Copyright Act of 1976 the number of years a work was copyrighted in the U.S. was based on publication rather than life of the author plus a certain number of years and that it was good for only 28 years. After that point, a new copyright had to be filed, and any work that did not have its copyright renewed fell back into the public domain. The Copyright Act of 1976 retroactively extended this renewal period for all works to a period of 47 years[52] and the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998 added another 20 years to that, for a total of 95 years from publication. If the works were renewed, the copyrights would still be valid in the United States.
The European Union Directive on harmonising the term of copyright protection of 1993 extended the copyrights to 70 years after the author's death. So, all works of Lovecraft published during his lifetime, became public domain in all 27 European Union countries on 1 January 2008. In those Berne Convention countries who have implemented only the minimum copyright period, copyright expires 50 years after the author's death.
Lovecraft protégés and part owners of Arkham House, August Derleth and Donald Wandrei, often claimed copyrights over Lovecraft's works. On October 9, 1947, Derleth purchased all rights to Weird Tales. However, since April 1926 at the latest, Lovecraft had reserved all second printing rights to stories published in Weird Tales. Hence, Weird Tales may only have owned the rights to at most six of Lovecraft's tales. Again, even if Derleth did obtain the copyrights to Lovecraft's tales, no evidence as yet has been found that the copyrights were renewed.[53]
S. T. Joshi concludes in his biography, H. P. Lovecraft: A Life, that Derleth's claims are "almost certainly fictitious" and that most of Lovecraft's works published in the amateur press are most likely now in the public domain. The copyright for Lovecraft's works would have been inherited by the only surviving heir of his 1912 will: Lovecraft's aunt, Annie Gamwell. Gamwell herself perished in 1941 and the copyrights then passed to her remaining descendants, Ethel Phillips Morrish and Edna Lewis. Morrish and Lewis then signed a document, sometimes referred to as the Morrish-Lewis gift, permitting Arkham House to republish Lovecraft's works but retaining the copyrights for themselves. Searches of the Library of Congress have failed to find any evidence that these copyrights were then renewed after the 28-year period and, hence, it is likely that these works are now in the public domain.
Chaosium, publishers of the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game, have a trademark on the phrase "The Call of Cthulhu" for use in game products. Another RPG publisher, TSR, Inc., original publisher of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, included in one of that game's earlier supplements, Deities & Demigods (originally published in 1980 and later renamed to "Legends & Lore"), a section on the Cthulhu Mythos; TSR, Inc. later agreed to remove this section at Chaosium's request.
Regardless of the legal disagreements surrounding Lovecraft's works, Lovecraft himself was extremely generous with his own works and actively encouraged others to borrow ideas from his stories, particularly with regard to his Cthulhu mythos. He actively encouraged other writers to reference his creations, such as the Necronomicon, Cthulhu and Yog-Sothoth. After his death, many writers have contributed stories and enriched the shared mythology of the Cthulhu Mythos, as well as making numerous references to his work. (See Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture.)
Locations featured in Lovecraft stories[link]
Lovecraft drew extensively from his native New England for settings in his fiction. Numerous real historical locations are mentioned, and several fictional New England locations make frequent appearances. (See Lovecraft Country.)
Historical locations[link]
- Pascoag, Rhode Island in The Horror at Red Hook
- Chepachet, Rhode Island in The Horror at Red Hook
- Gainesville, Florida in The Statement of Randolph Carter
- Binger in Caddo County, Oklahoma (The Mound)
- Copp's Hill, Boston, Massachusetts
- Red Line (MBTA)
- Pawtuxet (now Cranston, Rhode Island)
- Newburyport, Massachusetts
- Ipswich, Massachusetts
- Dunedin, New Zealand
- Bolton, Massachusetts
- Salem, Massachusetts
- Brattleboro, Vermont
- Albany, New York
- Many locations within his hometown of Providence, Rhode Island, including the (then purportedly haunted) Halsey House, Prospect Terrace and Brown University's John Hay Library and John Carter Brown Library.
- Danvers State Hospital, in Danvers, Massachusetts, which is largely believed to have served as inspiration for the infamous Arkham sanatorium from "The Thing on the Doorstep".
- Catskill Mountains, New York
- New York City, New York
- Mainalo Mountain, Arcadia, Greece
- Tegea, Arcadia, Greece
- Kilderry, Ireland
- Nome, Alaska
- Noatak, Alaska
- Fort Morton, Alaska, in "The Horror in the Museum"
- New Orleans, Louisiana, in "The Call of Cthulhu", including a mention of Tulane University.
- Newport, Rhode Island
Fictional locations[link]
- Miskatonic University in the fictional Arkham, Massachusetts
- Dunwich, Massachusetts
- Innsmouth, Massachusetts
- Kingsport, Massachusetts
- Aylesbury, Massachusetts
- Martin's Beach
- The Miskatonic River
- The fictional Central University Library at the real University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. According to Lovecraft there is a copy of the Necronomicon here, but the University of Buenos Aires never had a central library.
Bibliography[link]
Main article: H. P. Lovecraft bibliography
Further reading[link]
- The Strange Sound of Cthulhu: Music Inspired by the Writings of H. P. Lovecraft (ISBN 978-1-84728-776-2), written by Gary Hill.
- Lovecraft: Disturbing the Universe (ISBN 0-8131-1728-3), by Donald R. Burleson, PhD, a longtime scholar on Lovecraft and acquaintance of S. T. Joshi, is probably the only book analyzing Lovecraft's literature from a deconstructionist standpoint. University Press of Kentucky, November 1990.
- The Gentleman From Angell Street: Memories of H. P. Lovecraft ( ISBN 978-0-9701699-1-4), written by Muriel and C. M. Eddy, Jr. is a collection of personal remembrances and anecdotes from two of Lovecraft's closest friends in Providence. The Eddys were fellow writers, and Mr. Eddy was a frequent contributor to Weird Tales.
- Lovecraft: A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos (ISBN 0-586-04166-4), written by Lin Carter in 1972, is a survey of Lovecraft's work (along with that of other members of the Lovecraft Circle) with considerable information on his life.
- The Rise and Fall of the Cthulhu Mythos by S. T. Joshi (Mythos Books, 2008) is the first full-length critical study since Lin Carter's to examine the development of Lovecraft's Mythos and its outworking in the oeuvres of various modern writers.
- The first full-length biography was Lovecraft: a Biography (ISBN 0-345-25115-6), written by L. Sprague de Camp; published in 1975, it is now out of print.
- Frank Belknap Long's Howard Phillips Lovecraft: Dreamer on the Nightside (Arkham House, 1975, ISBN 0-87054-068-8) presents a more personal look at Lovecraft's life, combining reminiscence, biography and literary criticism. Long was a friend and correspondent of Lovecraft, as well as a fellow fantasist who wrote a number of Lovecraft-influenced Cthulhu Mythos stories (including The Hounds of Tindalos).
- A newer, more extensive biography is H. P. Lovecraft: A Life (ISBN 0-940884-88-7) written by Lovecraft scholar S. T. Joshi. An alternative is Joshi's abridged A Dreamer & A Visionary: H. P. Lovecraft in His Time (ISBN 0-85323-946-0). An unabridged reprint in two volumes of Joshi's biography, newly retitled I Am Providence:", was published in 2010 by Hippocampus Press.
- An English translation of Michel Houellebecq's H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life (ISBN 1-932416-18-8) was published by Believer Books in 2005.
- Other significant Lovecraft-related works are An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia by Joshi and David S. Schulz; Lovecraft's Library: A Catalogue (a meticulous listing of many of the books in Lovecraft's now scattered library), by Joshi; Lovecraft at Last, an account by Willis Conover of his teenage correspondence with Lovecraft; Joshi's A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft.
- Andrew Migliore and John Strysik's Lurker in the Lobby: The Guide to the Cinema of H. P. Lovecraft and Charles P. Mitchell's The Complete H. P. Lovecraft Filmography both discuss films containing Lovecraftian elements.
- Lovecraft's prose fiction has been published numerous times. The corrected texts were released by Arkham House in the 1980s, and many other collections of his stories have appeared, including Ballantine Books editions and three popular Del Rey editions. The three collections published by Penguin, The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories, The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories, and The Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories, incorporate the modifications made in the corrected texts as well as the annotations provided by Joshi.
- Lovecraft's ghost-written works are compiled in The Horror in the Museum and Other Revisions, edited again by Joshi.
- Some of Lovecraft's writings are annotated with footnotes or endnotes. In addition to the Penguin editions mentioned above and The Annotated Supernatural Horror in Literature, Joshi has produced The Annotated H. P. Lovecraft as well as More Annotated H. P. Lovecraft, both of which are footnoted extensively.
- An Epicure in the Terrible (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1991), edited by David E. Schultz and S. T. Joshi is an anthology of 13 essays on Lovecraft (excluding Joshi's lengthy introduction)on the centennial of Lovecraft's birth. The essays are arranged into 3 sections; Biographical, Thematic Studies and Comparative and Genre Studies. The authors include S. T. Joshi, Kenneth W. Faig, Jr, Jason C. Eckhardt, Will Murray, Donald R. Burleson, Peter Cannon, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steven J. Mariconda, David E. Schultz, Robert H. Waugh, Robert M. Price, R. Boerem, Norman R. Gatford and Barton Levi St. Armand.
- “H. P. Lovecraft: Alone in Space,” chapter 3 in Emperors of Dreams: Some Notes on Weird Poetry by S. T. Joshi (Sydney: P’rea Press, 2008: ISBN 978-0-9804625-3-1 (pbk) and ISBN 978-0-9804625-4-8 (hbk)), discusses some of Lovecraft's weird poetry.
- The Intersection of Fantasy and Native America: From H.P. Lovecraft to Leslie Marmon Silko edited by Amy H. Sturgis and David D. Oberhelman (Mythopoeic Press, 2009: ISBN 978-1-887726-12-2).
- Poole, W. Scott. Monsters in America: Our Historical Obsession with the Hideous and the Haunting. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-1-60258-314-6.
- Anderson, James Arthur. Out of the Shadows: a structuralist approach to understanding the fiction of H.P. Lovecraft (The Milford Series, Popular Writers of Today, Vol. 75 Wildside Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-8095-3002-1 A close reading of Lovecraft's fiction.
Notes[link]
- ^ Joshi, S.T.. "Introduction". The Weird Tale. http://books.google.sh/books?id=ubE5ylK0GTgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=weird%20tale&f=false.
- ^ Don G. Smith, H. P. Lovecraft in Popular Culture, 2005, ISBN 0-7864-2091-X,page 85, "Lovecraft never had much good to say about families either"
- ^ Joyce Carol Oates (October 31, 1996). "The King of Weird". The New York Review of Books 43 (17). http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1376. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
- ^ King quoted on front cover of 1982 paperback edition of The Best of H. P. Lovecraft: Bloodcurdling Tales of Horror and the Macabre published by Del Rey Books with introduction by Robert Bloch. Other sources quote King as calling this judgement of Lovecraft "undeniable"[1] or "beyond doubt."[2]
- ^ Wohleber, Curt (December 1995). The Man Who Can Scare Stephen King. American Heritage Magazine. http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1995/8/1995_8_82_print.shtml.
- ^ http://www.librosgratisweb.com/pdf/king-stephen/danse-macabre.pdf Pg 63
- ^ S. T. Joshi, "A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft", Wildside Press (1996), p 14.
- ^ An Epicure In The Terrible. http://books.google.ca/books?id=S3oH_VdH3BcC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=Lovecraft+fred+jackson&source=bl&ots=z01fo7AKKl&sig=7DVd8xGmfQBayMiNUumHu_kWFhw&hl=en&ei=IGx7ToD6K8PF0AH51fnoAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Lovecraft%20fred%20jackson&f=false.
- ^ This situation is closely paralleled in the semi-autobiographical "He", as noted by Michel Houellebecq in 'H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life
- ^ a b H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life, Michel Houellebecq
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b c d e f Joshi, S. (2001). A Dreamer and a Visionary: H.P. Lovecraft in his Time. Liverpool University Press. pp. 95, 97, 111, 221–222, 359–360. ISBN 0-85323-936-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=tfrbBSFn_p8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:A+intitle:dreamer+intitle:and+intitle:a+intitle:visionary+intitle:H.P.+intitle:Lovecraft+intitle:in+intitle:his+intitle:time&hl=en&ei=usJXTr6LF8X40gHD9MXIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ H.P. Lovecraft Letter to Farnsworth Wrigth (July 27, 1927), in Selected Letters 1925-1929 (Sauk City, Wisconsin: Arkham House, 1968), p.150.
- ^ a b Burleson, Donald (1991). On Lovecraft's Themes: Touching the Glass. Associated University Pressess. pp. 135–147. ISBN 0-8386-3415-X.
- ^ St. Armand, Barton Levi (1991). Synchronistic Worlds: Lovecraft and Borges. Associated University Pressess. pp. 319–320. ISBN 0-8386-3415-X.
- ^ Dziemianowicz, Stefan (1991). Outsiders and Aliens. Associated University Pressess. pp. 159–187. ISBN 0-8386-3415-X.
- ^ a b Hambly, Barbara (1996). Introduction: The Man Who Loved His Craft. The Random House Publishing Group. p. viii. ISBN 0-345-38422-9.
- ^ Burleson, Donald (1990). Lovecraft: Disturbing the Universe. the University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-1728-3.
- ^ Schweitzer, Darrell (2001). Discovering H.P. Lovecraft. Borgo Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-58715-471-3.
- ^ Price, Robert M. (1991). Introduction:The New Lovecraft Circle. Random House Publishing. ISBN 0-345-44406-X.
- ^ S. T. Joshi, H.P. Lovecraft: Decline of the West, (Starmont Studies in Literary Criticism, No. 37), Borgo Pr, 1991, ISBN 978-1-55742-208-8.
- ^ China Miéville's introduction to "At the Mountains of Madness", Modern Library Classics, 2005
- ^ Joshi, S. T. (1996). A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft. Wildside Press LLC, p. 38. ISBN 1-880448-61-0
- ^ a b c d e f g Joshi, S. T. (1996). A Subtler Magic: The Writings and Philosophy of H.P. Lovecraft. Borgo Press. pp. 22, 41–42, 76–77, 107–108, 162, 229, 230. ISBN 1-880448-61-0.
- ^ a b c d e Steiner, Bernd (2005). H.P. Lovecraft and the Literature of the fantastic: explorations in a Literary Genre. GRIN Verlag. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-3-638-84462-8.
- ^ a b c d e Tyson, Donald (2010). The Dream World of H.P. Lovecraft: His Life, His Demons, His Universe. Llewellyn Publications. pp. 5–6, 57–59. ISBN 978-0-7387-2284-9.
- ^ David Punter, (1996), The Literature of Terror: A History of Gothic Fictions from 1765 to the Present Day, Vol. I, 'Modern Gothic", p. 40.
- ^ Bloch, Robert (1982). Introduction: Heritage of Horror. The Random House Publishing Group. p. xii. ISBN 0-345-38422-9.
- ^ a b c Mieville, China (2005). Introduction. The Random House Publishing Group. p. xvii-xx. ISBN 0-8129-7441-7.
- ^ Schweitzer, Darrell (1998). Windows of the Imagination. Wildside Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 1-880448-60-2.
- ^ Schwader, Ann (2004). Mail Order Bride. Lindisfarne Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-9740297-5-0.
- ^ Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", p. 151.
- ^ H.P. Lovecraft Letter to Robert E. Howard (August 16, 1932), in Selected Letters 1932-1934 (Sauk City, Wisconsin: Arkham House, 1976), p.57."
- ^ "In this essay Lovecraft calls W. H. Hodgeson the second best writer of weird fictions behind Blackwood. Later, he says Blackwood's best work is "The Willows"". Gaslight.mtroyal.ca. 1988-01-01. http://gaslight.mtroyal.ca/superhor.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Letter to Elizabeth Toldridge, March 8, 1929, quoted in Lovecraft: A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos
- ^ Giger, Hansruedi (2005): Necronomicon I & II. Erftstadt: Area.
- ^ H. P. Lovecraft. "H.P Lovecraft: Tales (The Library of America)". Loa.org. http://www.loa.org/volume.jsp?RequestID=223. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ "The Horror, the Horror!". The Weekly Standard. 2005-03-07. http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/285tmhfa.asp. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Kenney, Michael (2005-02-15). /15/the_library_of_america_scares_up_a_collection_of_lovecrafts_local_lore/ "The Library of America scares up a collection of Lovecraft's local lore — The Boston Globe". Boston.com. http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2005/02 /15/the_library_of_america_scares_up_a_collection_of_lovecrafts_local_lore/. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Deleuze, Gilles & Guattari, Félix (translated by Brian Massumi). A Thousand Plateaus. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993, p. 240, 539
- ^ On the jacket blurb of Graham Harman's "Weird Realism: Lovecraft and Philosophy": "“As Hölderlin was to Martin Heidegger and Mallarmé to Jacques Derrida, so is H.P. Lovecraft to the Speculative Realist philosophers."
- ^ Robin Mackay drew a comparison between Reza Negarestani's work and that of Graham Harman in the introduction of Collapse iv: "Reading the persistent poring of phenomenological description over its object against Lovecraft’s circumlocutory evocations of the unspeakable, Harman discovers – like Negarestani – that ‘real objects taunt us with endless withdrawal’." Collapse iv (2008 Robert Makay ed).
- ^ http://k-punk.abstractdynamics.org/archives/011699.html
- ^ "Federico Ágreda". wikipedia.org. 2012-13-03. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Ágreda. Retrieved 2012-21-03.
- ^ "Metallica Lyrics Index - MetalliNote: Cthulhu". Sodabob.com. http://www.sodabob.com/Metallica/Cthulhu.asp. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ "Metallica Lyrics Index - MetalliNote: The Thing That Should Not Be". Sodabob.com. http://www.sodabob.com/Metallica/Thing.asp. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ "CANOE - JAM! Music - Artists - Metallica: Interview with James Hetfield". Jam.canoe.ca. 2008-12-08. http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/M/Metallica/2008/12/08/7668306-sun.html. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ "Rudimentary Peni: Cacophony". Deathrock.com. http://www.deathrock.com/rudimentarypeni/cacodisc.html. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ Such as the boss C'thun, the boss Yogg-Saron, and the boss N'Zoth, labeled "Old Gods".
- ^ S. T. Joshi; David E. Schultz (2001). An H.P. Lovecraft encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 16.
- ^ How to Investigate the Copyright Status of a Work- U.S. Copyright Office
- ^ Copyright Basics by Terry Carroll 1994
- ^ William Johns, 'Lovecraft Copyright', archived at http://phantasmal.sourceforge.net/Innsmouth/LovecraftCopyright.html
References[link]
- Dziemianowicz, Stefan (July 12, 2010), "Terror Eternal: The enduring popularity of H.P. Lovecraft", Publishers Weekly, http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/43793-terror-eternal-the-enduring-popularity-of-h-p-lovecraft.html
- Extract from H P Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life by Michel Houellebecq
- "H.P. Lovecraft's Afterlife" by John J. Miller of the Wall Street Journal
- Sante, Luc (October 19, 2006), "The Heroic Nerd", The New York Review of Books (New York) 53 (16): 37
External links[link]
| Find more about H. P. Lovecraft on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
- H. P. Lovecraft at the Internet Movie Database
- The H.P. Lovecraft Archive
- H. P. Lovecraft at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- "H.P. Lovecraft" by S. T. Joshi
- The H.P. Lovecraft Film Festival and CthulhuCon
- The H.P. Lovecraft Historical Society
- A Virtual Walking Tour of Lovecraft's Providence
- The Howard P. Lovecraft Collection in Special Collections at John Hay Library [4]
- Works by H. P. Lovecraft at Project Gutenberg
H. P. Lovecraft public domain audiobooks from LibriVox
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lovecraft, Howard Phillips |
| Alternative names | Lovecraft, H. P. |
| Short description | American short story writer |
| Date of birth | (1890-08-20)August 20, 1890 |
| Place of birth | Providence, Rhode Island, United States |
| Date of death | March 15, 1937(1937-03-15) |
| Place of death | Providence, Rhode Island, U.S. |
http://wn.com/H._P._Lovecraft
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Howard Phillips Lovecraft
http://cs.wn.com/Howard Phillips Lovecraft
http://id.wn.com/H. P. Lovecraft
http://es.wn.com/Howard Phillips Lovecraft
http://ru.wn.com/Лавкрафт, Говард Филлипс
http://nl.wn.com/Howard Phillips Lovecraft
http://pl.wn.com/Howard Phillips Lovecraft
http://fr.wn.com/H. P. Lovecraft
http://de.wn.com/H. P. Lovecraft
http://pt.wn.com/H. P. Lovecraft
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Meg Whitman | |
|---|---|
 Whitman speaks at the Tech Museum in San Jose, CA, February 17, 2009 |
|
| Born | Margaret Cushing Whitman (1956-08-04) August 4, 1956 (age 55) Cold Spring Harbor (Long Island), New York, U.S.[1] |
| Residence | Atherton, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Princeton University (A.B.) Harvard Business School (M.B.A.) |
| Occupation | President and CEO of Hewlett-Packard |
| Political party | Republican |
| Religion | Presbyterian[2] |
| Spouse | Griffith Rutherford Harsh IV |
Margaret Cushing "Meg" Whitman (born August 4, 1956) is an American business executive. She is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard.[3] A native of Long Island, New York, she is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Business School. Whitman served as an executive in The Walt Disney Company where she was vice president of strategic planning throughout the 1980s. In the 1990s, she served as an executive for Procter & Gamble and Hasbro. Whitman served as President and Chief Executive Officer of eBay from 1998 to 2008. During her ten years with the company, she oversaw expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue.
In February 2009, Whitman announced her candidacy for Governor of California, becoming the third woman in a twenty year period to run for the office. She won the Republican primary in June 2010. The fourth wealthiest woman in the state of California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010,[4] she spent more of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history,[5][6] spending $144 million total of her own fortune and $178.5 million including donors.[7] Whitman lost to Jerry Brown in the November 2 election.[8]
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Whitman was born in Long Island, New York, the daughter of Margaret Cushing (née Goodhue) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman, Jr.[9][10][11] Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather, Elnathan Whitman, was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. Through her father, she is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S. Senator Charles B. Farwell, of Illinois.[12] On her mother's side, she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of general Henry S. Huidekoper.[12] Her paternal grandmother, born Adeladie Chatfield-Taylor, was the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor.[12]
Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, graduating after three years in 1974. In her memoirs, she says she was in the top ten of her class.[13] She had wanted to be a doctor, so she studied math and science at Princeton University.[14] However, after spending a summer selling advertisements for a magazine, she switched to studying economics,[15] earning a B.A. with honors in 1977. Whitman then obtained an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School in 1979.[16][17]
Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV, a neurosurgeon at Stanford University Medical Center.[18] They have two sons. She has lived in Atherton, California, since March 1998. Whitman College, a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University, is named after Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation.
Career[link]
Early work[link]
Beginning her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati, Ohio, Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company's San Francisco office. She then rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior Vice President.[19]
Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989. Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation, before becoming president and CEO of Florists' Transworld Delivery in 1995.[20]
As Hasbro's Playskool Division General Manager, she oversaw global management and marketing of two children's brands, Playskool and Mr. Potato Head starting in January 1997. She also imported the UK's children's television show Teletubbies into the U.S.[21]
eBay[link]
Whitman joined eBay on March 1998, when it had 30 employees[22] and revenues of approximately $4 million. During her time as CEO, the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue by 2008.[23] Originally, when Whitman had joined eBay, she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font. On her first day, the site crashed for eight hours.[24] She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team.[21] Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories. She then assigned executives to each, including some 35,000 subcategories.[25] In 2004, Whitman made several key changes in her management team. Jeff Gordon took over PayPal, Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S. operations,[26] which has the colorful U.S. logo, while each international site has unique branding.[27]
Shortly after taking the company public, Whitman told how stock for the company would rise 80 points and fall 50 points in a single day. Soon after, Whitman received a call at her eBay office from Arthur Levitt, Jr., Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). She called in her general counsel and the two sat down and answered the line on speaker phone. Instead of any perceived negative reaction to stock volatility, Levitt was calling to ask about the company going public and was concerned about whether the SEC was customer-friendly. He also discussed his interest in collectible Depression era glass, post 1929.[28]
During Whitman's tenure as CEO, eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005.[29] In 2009, Skype was sold by eBay at a valuation of $2.75B.[30] In 2011, Skype was bought by Microsoft for US$8.5B.[31]
In June 2007, while preparing for an interview with Reuters, Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate, communications employee Young Mi Kim. Of the incident, Whitman related, "In any high-pressure working environment, tensions can surface." Kim also stated, "Yes, we had an unfortunate incident, but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay." The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement.[32][33]
Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007, but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008. She was inducted into the U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2008. "I've said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours", she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle, adding that "it's time for new leadership, a new perspective and a new vision."[34]
Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay. On more than one occasion, she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine.[35] Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade[36] and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade.[37]
Boards[link]
Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation, Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG, until early 2009.[16][38] She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002, amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs[39][40][41] (see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail). In March 2011, she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.[42]
She has also joined the boards of Zipcar[43] and Teach For America, and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble.[citation needed]
Hewlett-Packard[link]
In January 2011, Whitman joined Hewlett-Packard's board of directors.[44] She was named CEO on September 22, 2011.[3] As well as renewing focus on HP’s Research & Development division, Whitman’s major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding. [45][46]
Charitable foundation[link]
Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21, 2006, by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million.[47] By the end of its first year of operation, the Griffith R. Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes. Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund.[48] In 2010, Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donate half of their money to charity, and Whitman declined and said that she is committed to working with her foundation.[clarification needed][49]
Political positions[link]
Whitman was a supporter of former Bain Capital founder and Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney's presidential campaign[50] in 2008 and was on his National Finance Team.[51] She was also listed as Finance co-chair of Romney's exploratory committee.[52] However, after Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed McCain, Whitman joined McCain's presidential campaign as a national co-chair.[53] McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008.[54]
While running for governor, Whitman emphasized three major areas: job creation, reduced state government spending, and reform of the state's K-12 educational system. She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them, instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them.[55]
Education[link]
In mid 2010, Whitman launched a Spanish-language television ad during the World Cup soccer games.[56] One advertisement is quoted by the Los Angeles Times, stating that "the Latino kids attending public schools in California today will be tomorrow's doctors, engineers, businessmen, and teachers."[57]
Environment[link]
Whitman said that if elected, on her first day[58] she would have suspended AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, for a year to study its potential economic implications.[59] AB32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020.[60] At the state GOP Convention in March 2010, Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's climate change bill as a "job-killer".[61] Whitman opposed Proposition 23, which would delay the global warming law AB32 until California's unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year, stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment.[60]
On water issues, Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley and suggested President Obama should overturn a federal judge's ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7%.[62]
Illegal immigration[link]
Whitman said that Arizona's approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem.[63] She said that, if she had lived in California in 1994, she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants.[64] In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign, Whitman wrote, "Clearly, when examining our positions on immigration, there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree".[65]
She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education.[66][67] Currently, California state law permits this.[68] In 2009, Whitman called for "a path to legalization" of illegal immigrants.[64] In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA, Whitman said, "I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers."[69]
Marriage, abortion, marijuana[link]
Whitman supported California's Proposition 8 in 2008, which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state, but she is for civil unions and supports California's domestic partnership laws. Whitman believes that the same-sex marriages that took place before the ban should be recognized, and that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children.[70] Whitman has criticized Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system.[71]
Whitman supports abortion rights.[72]
Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that "this is the worst idea [she has] ever seen."[73]
Infrastructure[link]
Whitman does not support the proposed and partially voter-funded California High-Speed Rail project. In a letter to the Sacramento Bee[74] Whitman's spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said: "Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis." Her opponent Jerry Brown is in favor of the project.
Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and PACs. While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats, the donations are weighted to Republicans.[75] Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats, including Senator Barbara Boxer; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the "Friends of Boxer" committee in 2004, she donated more than $225,000.00 during the same period to Republicans, eBay's PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority, the PAC of former Rep. Tom DeLay.[76][77]
2010 campaign for California Governor[link]
Main article: California gubernatorial election, 2010
On February 10, 2009, Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election.[78] Her campaign was largely self-funded. She spent more of her own money on this effort than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S. history[6] and ultimately lost to Jerry Brown.
According to final reports, Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds.[79] The Daily Caller said that her "penchant for throwing money around is well known in California political circles".[80] The comment came in connection with the disclosure that her campaign had paid far above market rates for advertising on a conservative political blog. The blog's founder, addressing the issue of a possible attempt to influence the blog's content, said he had made clear to the Whitman campaign that "advertising and editorial are two very different things".[80]
In June 2010, Whitman released a political ad, A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure,[81] which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website, making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the website's namesake "fails".[82] Ben Huh, founder of the Cheezburger Network, of which failblog.org is a part, demanded an apology and the removal of the video, stating that the image was faked, and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party.[83]
On November 2, 2010, at 11:35 pm, Whitman conceded the election to her opponent, Jerry Brown, stating "We've come up a little short."[84]
Voting record[link]
The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years, after reviewing her voting records in California.[85][86] Whitman has described her voting record as "atrocious", apologized for it,[86] and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter.[87] Whitman answered questions about her record in September, replying, "And I think the reason is, is for many years, I wasn't as engaged in the political process and should have been."[88]
Housekeeper controversy[link]
In September 2010, Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000–2009 despite her status as an undocumented worker.[89][90] Whitman's campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a driver's license, social security ID, and application.[91] Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented, producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name. Whitman initially stated that they "never received those letters",[92] however, after a hand-written note on the document was shown, believed to be from Whitman's husband, they acknowledged they may have received it, but forgot.[93][94] Santillan's attorney, Gloria Allred, states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign.[95] Whitman's campaign maintains that this is a political attack, stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter.[96][97] Brown, Allred and Santillan all deny this.[98] Crystal Williams, Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated "Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [Whitman] to do, but there's a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents."[99] Others disagree; immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer, and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not, nor did they have a social security number on them; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman "hired her, paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years", so should have known her legal status.[90][100] The L.A. Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan "like a piece of garbage" when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney, and Whitman allegedly stated "you don't know me and I don't know you".[98][101]
Ties to Goldman Sachs[link]
Goldman Sachs, whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign, manages a part of Whitman's fortune. As CEO of eBay, Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank. While Whitman was on Goldman’s board, she served on the compensation committee, which approved multi-million dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides. Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multi-million dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman.[41] Given Goldman's major investments in California state finances, all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign.[41] In response, Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest, and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman stock and put her Goldman-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Whitman, Meg". Encyclopedia of World Biography. http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Sh-Z/Whitman-Meg.html. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
- ^ "Top officials in California urge judge to allow same-sex marriage". CNN. August 8, 2010. http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/08/06/california.same.sex.ruling.stay/#fbid=9pWf2j1iQXP&wom=false.
- ^ a b "HP Names Meg Whitman President and Chief Executive Officer" (Press release). Hewlett-Packard. September 22, 2011. http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2011/110922xb.html?mtxs=rss-corp-news. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ "#773 Margaret Whitman". Forbes. February 12, 2010. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Margaret-Whitman_5AW7.html. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ York, Anthony (September 15, 2010). "Whitman becomes biggest-spending candidate on a single campaign in U.S. history [Updated"]. The Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/09/whitman-becomes-biggest-spender-in-american-political-history.html. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
- ^ a b Cha, Ariana Eunjung (September 16, 2010). "Former eBay CEO Meg Whitman breaks campaign financing records with $119 million contribution". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/political-economy/2010/09/former_ebay_ceo_meg_whitman_br.html. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
- ^ "Final Meg Whitman tally: $178.5M". Salon. Associated Press. January 11, 2011. http://www.salon.com/news/meg_whitman/index.html. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
- ^ Caulfield, Philip (November 3, 2010). "Meg Whitman loses California governor race despite $160 million tab; Jerry Brown wins for 3rd time". Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2010/11/03/2010-11-03_meg_whitman_loses_california_governor_race_despite_140_million_tab_jerry_brown_w.html. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
- ^ Certo, Samuel C. (February 15, 2002). Modern management: adding digital focus. Prentice Hall. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-13-067089-2.
- ^ "Meg Whitman to Wed June 7". The New York Times. April 20, 1980. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60811F8385D17728DDDA90A94DC405B8084F1D3. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ "Marriage Announcement 16 -- No Title". Daily Boston Globe. June 22, 1947. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/2057724392.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+22%2C+1947&author=&pub=Daily+Boston+Globe+(1928-1960)&desc=Marriage+Announcement+16+--+No+Title&pqatl=google.
- ^ a b c http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/megwhitman.htm
- ^ Whitman, Meg; Hamilton, Joan (January 2010). The Power of Many: Values for Success in Business and in Life. Crown Publishing Group. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-307-59121-0.
- ^ "Meg Whitman Biography". Encyclopedia of World Biography. http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Sh-Z/Whitman-Meg.html. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ Lewis, Elen (2008). The Ebay Phenomenon: The Story of a Brand That Taught Millions of Strangers to Trust One Another. Marshall Cavendish. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-905736-10-2.
- ^ a b "Meg Whitman Business Biography". Referenceforbusiness.com. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/S-Z/Whitman-Meg-1956.html. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ Carr-Ruffino, Norma (October 2004). The Promotable Woman. Career Press, Incorporated. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-56414-776-9.
- ^ Cohen, Adam (2003). The Perfect Store: Inside EBay. Little, Brown & Company. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-316-16493-1.
- ^ Hellriegel, Slocum, Don, John W. (2008). Organizational behavior. Princeton, N.J. : Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic. pp. NA.
- ^ Lewis, Elen (2008). The Ebay Phenomenon: The Story of a Brand That Taught Millions of Strangers to Trust One Another. Marshall Cavendish. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-905736-10-2.
- ^ a b John, Frank, Thompson Martin (2005). Strategic management: awareness and change. Cengage Learning EMEA. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-84480-083-4.
- ^ Thomas, Owen (October 8, 2009). "eBay founder fact checks John McCain". Valleywag (Gawker Media). http://valleywag.com/5060675/ebay-founder-factchecks-john-mccain. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
- ^ "Meg Whitman right for job". Santa Maria Times. December 9, 2009
- ^ Champy, Nohria, James, Nitin (1999). The arc of ambition: defining the leadership journey. Basic Books. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7382-0103-0.
- ^ Dessler, Phillips, Gary, Jean (2007). Managing Now. Cengage Learning. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-618-74163-2.
- ^ Michael, Duane, Robert, Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson (2006). Strategic management: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage South-Western. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-324-31694-0.
- ^ Griffith, Jim (2007). The Official eBay Bible: The Newly Revised and Updated Version of the Most Comprehensive eBay How-To Manual for Everyone from First-Time Users to eBay Experts. Penguin Group (USA). p. 257. ISBN 978-1-59240-301-1.
- ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (2007). The world is flat: a brief history of the twenty-first century. Picador. p. 619. ISBN 978-0-312-42507-4.
- ^ Arrington, Michael (September 12, 2005). "Skype sells to eBay for $4.1 Billion". TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2005/09/12/skype-sells-to-ebay-for-41-billion. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ Wauters, Robin (November 19, 2009). "Breaking: eBay Completes Skype Sale At $2.75 Billion Valuation". TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2009/11/19/ebay-skype-sale/. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ "Microsoft to acquire Skype for $8.5 billion". CNET. May 10, 2011. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-20061371-17.html?tag=mncol;txt.
- ^ Mehta, Seema (June 15, 2010). "Meg Whitman reportedly shoved EBay employee in 2007". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Stone, Brad (June 14, 2010). "Settlement Was Paid in Whitman Shoving Incident". The New York Times.
- ^ Kopytoff, Verne (January 24, 2008). "Whitman quits eBay CEO post as of March 31". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ Benner, Katie; Levinson, Eugenia; Arora, Rupali. "The Power 50". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0709/gallery.women_mostpowerful.fortune/3.html. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ "The 100 Best-Performing CEOs in the World". Harvard Business Review. January 2010. http://hbr.org/web/extras/100ceos/8-whitman. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
- ^ "Fifty Faces That Shaped The Decade". Financial Times. December 16, 2009. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/32e550e8-efd4-11de-833d-00144feab49a,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F32e550e8-efd4-11de-833d-00144feab49a.html%3Fnclick_check%3D1&_i_referer=&nclick_check=1. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
- ^ Lifsher, Marc (January 6, 2009). "Ex-EBay chief Meg Whitman quits board seats". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-whitman6-2009jan06,0,5142789.story. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ "Meg Whitman joins Goldman Sachs' Board of Directors". Bain & Company. October 1, 2001. http://www.bain.dk/bainweb/publications/publications_detail.asp?id=3989&menu_url=publications_results.asp.story.
- ^ Kane, Margaret (December 20, 2002). "Whitman resigns from Goldman Sachs board". cnet.com. http://news.cnet.com/Whitman-resigns-from-Goldman-Sachs-board/2110-1017_3-978561.html.story.
- ^ a b c Williams, Lance; Marinucci, Carla (April 10, 2010). "Whitman's fortune entwined with Goldman Sachs". californiawatch.org. http://californiawatch.org/money-and-politics/whitmans-fortune-entwined-goldman-sachs.
- ^ Kopytoff, Verne G. (March 30, 2011). "Meg Whitman Finds a Job". The New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ Winter, Greg. "Zipcar adds former eBay CEO Meg Whitman to its board of directors" (Press release). Zipcar. http://zipcar.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=215. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ http://totalbuzz.ocregister.com/2011/01/21/meg-whitman-goes-back-to-work/47916/
- ^ "Global Players: Meg Whitman, CEO, HP". Thomaswhite.com. http://www.thomaswhite.com/explore-the-world/global-players/meg-whitman.aspx. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
- ^ "HP’s 4Q to provide snapshot of new CEO’s progress". Boston.com. http://articles.boston.com/2012-02-21/business/31083792_1_pc-business-leo-apotheker-hp-plans. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
- ^ Ina Steiner (May 12, 2008). "Former eBay CEO Meg Whitman Launches Family Foundation". AuctionBytes.com. http://www.auctionbytes.com/cab/abn/y08/m05/i12/s03. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
- ^ McLaughlin, Ken (November 7, 2009). "Meg Whitman's charitable foundation's biggest benefactor was environmental group". San Jose Mercury News.
- ^ Samantha Young (August 5, 2010). "Whitman: No plans to join billionaires' pledge". San Jose Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_15682650. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
- ^ "MTP transcript for October 21, 2007 - Meet the Press, online at MSNBC". MSNBC. October 21, 2007. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21407008/page/2/. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (April 3, 2007). "Romney Reaps $20 Million to Top G.O.P. Rivals". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/us/politics/03money.html?ex=1177905600&en=3820b87532ea5dc6&ei=5070. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ "Election Center 2008: Candidates - Election & Politics News from CNN.com". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/candidates/mitt.romney.html. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ "John McCain 2008 – John McCain for President". Johnmccain.com. http://www.johnmccain.com/Informing/News/PressReleases/481e9209-2ea4-4069-ada6-d66b4301f0f9.htm. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ "McCain, Obama discuss possible Treasury secretary picks". Reuters. October 7, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
- ^ McLaughlin, Ken (November 16, 2009). "Campbell takes Silicon Valley in new San Jose State poll". San Jose Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/california-governors-race-2010/ci_13802741. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/06/17/MNKS1E0TUR.DTL, SF Gate
- ^ "PolitiCal". Los Angeles Times. July 19, 2010. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/07/meg-whitman-continues-courting-latinos-this-time-with-education-themed-tv-ad.html.
- ^ Gardner, Michael (October 5, 2009). "Emissions initiative in Whitman's cross hairs". San Diego Union Tribune. http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/oct/05/emissions-initiative-whitmans-cross-hairs/. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
- ^ "Whitman says she'd suspend 'green' initiative". San Diego Union Tribune. September 24, 2009. http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/sep/24/whitman-says-shed-suspend-8216green8217-initiative/. Retrieved September 24, 2009.
- ^ a b Young, Samantha. "Whitman opposes measure delaying Calif climate law". BusinessWeek. Associated Press (Bloomberg). http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9IDQKD80.htm. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
- ^ Marinucci, Carla & Garofoli, JoeMarinucci, Carla; Garofoli, Joe (Sunday, March 14, 2010). "Lots of tough talk at state GOP convention". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/03/14/MNI91CFEOE.DTL&sfgabt=ttmabtctopstories. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
- ^ "Meg Whitman: Let the water flow". Fresno Bee. June 12, 2009
- ^ "Steve Poizner and Rival Meg Whitman Square Off". KCBS-TV. May 2, 2010. http://cbs5.com/local/whitman.immigration.law.2.1659532.html. Retrieved May 13, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ a b Dibble, Sandra (October 29, 2009). "Path to legalization needed, GOP candidate Whitman says". The San Diego Union-Tribune (San Diego, California). http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/oct/29/path-citizenship-needed-gop-candida/.
- ^ "Meg Whitman op-ed: Brown and I the same on immigration". Sacramento Bee. July 14, 2010. http://blogs.sacbee.com/capitolalertlatest/2010/07/meg-whitman-in-op-ed-brown-and.html. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ New York Times, June 18, 2010, "The Ad Campaign"
- ^ "Policy Pages – Other Priorities – Meg Whitman for Governor of California". Megwhitman.com. http://www.megwhitman.com/platform_topic.php?type=immigration&page=1. Retrieved August 29, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ The Sacramento Bee, "Illegal immigrants college enrollment", August 6, 2010
- ^ "In Case You Missed It: Meg Whitman's interview on KTLA". Meg Whitman for Governor. August 11, 2010. http://www.megwhitman.com/story/9561/in-case-you-missed-it-meg-whitmans-interview-on-ktla.html. Retrieved October 11, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ Finnegan, Michael (February 11, 2009). "GOP gubernatorial candidate Whitman outlines stands". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-whitman11-2009feb11,0,5416436.story. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ Carla Marinucci,Joe Garofoli, Chronicle Political Writers (August 21, 2010). "Meg Whitman says state should defend Prop. 8". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/08/20/MNKU1F18TF.DTL. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ Marinucci, Carla (February 13, 2009). "Meg Whitman makes case on how she's different". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/02/12/BACU15SUDJ.DTL. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ "Meg Whitman to speak in Seal Beach". http://www.scpr.org/news/2010/03/16/meg-whitman-speak-seal-beach/.
- ^ Sacramento Bee. http://www.sacbee.com/2010/07/09/2878527/the-buzz-atherton-resident-meg.htmltitle=The Buzz: Atherton resident Meg Whitman not too keen on bullet train. Retrieved October 24, 2010. [dead link][dead link]
- ^ "Meg Whitman at". Newsmeat.com. May 19, 2010. http://www.newsmeat.com/ceo_political_donations/Meg_Whitman.php. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ Weigel, David. "Washingtonindependent.com". Washingtonindependent.com. http://washingtonindependent.com/62382/meg-whitmans-donations-barbara-boxer-tom-delay. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ Marinucci, Carla (October 2, 2009). "''San Francisco Chronicle''". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/nov05election/detail?entry_id=48814#ixzz0Wx4GvMLs. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ Finnegan, Michael (February 10, 2009). "Meg Whitman, EBay's former CEO, joins California governor's race". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/feb/10/local/me-whitman10. Retrieved 2009=10-10.
- ^ "Final Meg Whitman tally: $178.5M". Salon. January 31, 2011. http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2011/01/31/us_calif_governor_s_race. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ a b Strong, Jonathan (August 23, 2010). "True stories of bloggers who secretly feed on partisan cash". The Daily Caller. http://dailycaller.com/2010/08/23/true-stories-of-bloggers-who-secretly-feed-on-partisan-cash/. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ^ Jerry Brown: A Lifetime in Politics, A Legacy of Failure. Meg Whitman for Governor 2010 via YouTube. June 22, 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAkTfwN39us. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ "Meg Whitman’s FAIL Blog FAIL". New York. June 25, 2010.
- ^ "Honesty Fail – FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Funny Pictures and Funny Videos of Owned, Pwned and Fail Moments". FAIL Blog. June 25, 2010. http://failblog.org/2010/06/25/honesty-fail-2/. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Meg Whitman Concedes in California Race.". The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2010/11/03/meg-whitman-concedes-in-california-race/. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
- ^ McIntosh, Andrew (September 24, 2009). "Meg Whitman's voting record short, sparse". The Sacramento Bee.[dead link]
- ^ a b Whitman registered to vote in San Francisco, Santa Clara County, records show[dead link]
- ^ Cillizza, Chris (October 10, 2009). "CA-Gov: Whitman Defends Handling of Vote Story". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/governors/ca-gov-whitman-defends-handlin.html. Retrieved 2009=10-10.
- ^ Riggs, Kevin (September 29, 2010). "Whitman Explains Poor Voting Record". KCRA.com (Hearst). http://www.kcra.com/politics/21150728/detail.html. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ Carla Marinucci, San Francisco Chronicle, October 10, 2010.
- ^ a b "Greg Siskind on Immigration Law and Policy: Whitman Nanny I-9 Shows Violations". American Immigration LLC, ILW.com. October 1, 2010. http://blogs.ilw.com/gregsiskind/2010/10/whitman-nanny-i-9-shows-violations.html. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
- ^ From Alan Duke and Jessica Yellin, CNN (September 29, 2010). "Immigrant's abuse claims against Whitman rock California race". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/09/29/whitman.allegations/. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ Madison, Lucy (September 30, 2010). "Whitman Goes on Defense About Ex-Maid's Status; Gloria Allred Promises to Prove Otherwise". cbsnews.com. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20018137-503544.html?tag=contentMain;contentBody.
- ^ Nagourney, Adam (September 30, 2010). "Questions on Ex-Housekeeper Emerge for a Candidate". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/us/politics/01whitman.html.
- ^ Madison, Lucy (October 1, 2010). "Meg Whitman's Husband: It's 'Possible' I Saw Letter". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20018252-503544.html. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
- ^ Michael Winter, "Ex-nanny alleges Meg Whitman knew she wasn't legal for 7 years", USA Today, September 29, 2010.
- ^ Marinucci, Carla; Wildermuth, John; Garofoli, Joe (February 25, 2010). "Whitman says illegal-worker allegations a 'lie'". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/09/29/MNHK1FLKLF.DTL&feed=rss.news. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ "Whitman: 'We Did Everything That We Could'". NBC Los Angeles. http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/politics/Meg-Whitman-Illegal-Immigrant--104020663.html. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ a b George Skelton, "The Former EBay Chief Falters on Her Illegal Immigration Rhetoric", Los Angeles Times, October 4, 2010.
- ^ Carolyn Lochhead, Chronicle Washington Bureau (February 25, 2010). "Whitman within law, immigration lawyers say". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/09/30/MN931FME32.DTL#ixzz11FZtZTsZ. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ Ruben Naverrette Jr., "Immigration Double Standard", Fort Worth Star-Telegram, October 17, 2010.
- ^ Brian Montopoli (September 29, 2010), "Meg Whitman Housekeeper Nicky Diaz Santillan Claims Mistreatment, Unfair Termination", CBS News
Further reading[link]
Whitman, Meg (2010). The Power of Many. San Francisco: Crown. ISBN 978-0-307-59121-0.
External links[link]
- Meg Whitman for Governor official campaign site
- Biography, interest group ratings, public statements, vetoes and campaign finances at Project Vote Smart
- Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Billionaire Women We Envy, Forbes, March 6, 2007
- Is California Sold on Governor Meg Whitman?, Sheelah Kolhatkar, Time Magazine, December 14, 2009
- Meg Whitman Celebrates Gubernatorial Nomination with husband Dr. Griffith Harsh, Vitals, June 9, 2010
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Arnold Schwarzenegger |
Republican nominee for Governor of California 2010 |
Most recent |
| Business positions | ||
| Preceded by Jeffrey Skoll |
Chief Executive Officer of eBay 1998–2008 |
Succeeded by John Donahoe |
| President of eBay 1998–2008 |
||
| Preceded by Léo Apotheker |
Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard 2011–present |
Incumbent |
| President of Hewlett-Packard 2011–present |
||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Whitman, Meg |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American business woman |
| Date of birth | August 4, 1956 |
| Place of birth | Cold Spring Harbor (Long Island), New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Meg_Whitman
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Уитмен, Маргарет
http://fr.wn.com/Meg Whitman
http://nl.wn.com/Meg Whitman
http://pt.wn.com/Meg Whitman
http://de.wn.com/Meg Whitman
http://pl.wn.com/Meg Whitman
http://es.wn.com/Meg Whitman
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meg_Whitman
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
