Alania

Monday, 10 December 2012

-Resumen- ☆*R.Zelaya & Alania(Алания) vs Torpedo M(Торпедо М)*☆

Rodolfo Zelaya - first interview in ALANIA

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Anakopia
New Athos (Abkhaz: Афон Ҿыц, Afon Ch'yts; Georgian: ახალი ათონი, Akhali Atoni; Russian: Новый Афон, Novy Afon) is a town in the Gudauta raion of Abkhazia, situated some 22 km from Sukhumi by the shores of the Black Sea. The town was previously known under the names Nikopol, Acheisos, Anakopia, Nikopia, Nikofia, Nikopsis, Absara, Psyrtskha. New Athos Cave is one of the tourist attractions of Abkhazia.
A large ancient Greek port town of Anacopia was recorded there in the 3rd century. Its ruins are still visible. In the 5th century, Georgians built a fortress on the top of the Iverian Mountain. Anacopia was the capital of the Abkhazian princedom in the orbit of the Byzantine Empire and then of the Abkhazian Kingdom after the archon Leon II declared himself a king in the late 8th century. Later, the capital was moved to Kutaisi.
Anacopia was ceded to Byzantine Empire by Demetre in 1033 but was retaken by Georgians in 1072 among the other territories Georgia gained as a result of the Empire's defeat at Manzikert at the hands of Seljuks.

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Arkhyz
Arkhyz (Russian: Архыз) is a mountainous region in the vicinity of the eponymous aul sitting at an altitude of 1,450 meters in the valley of the Bolshoi Zelenchuk river, in the Republic of Karachay–Cherkessia, Greater Caucasus, Russia, about 70 km inland from the Black Sea shore. The modern village was founded in 1923 near the confluence of the Arkhyz and Psysh rivers. The elevation of the surrounding mountains is more than 3,000 meters above the sea.
Nizhny Arkhyz is an archaeological preserve extending for four kilometers around the ruins of Nizhnearkhyzskoe gorodishche, tentatively identified as the medieval capital of Alania, a Christian state destroyed by the hordes of Möngke Khan in the 13th century. No Byzantine document mentions the name of this city, whereas al-Mas'udi refers to it as Ma'as, or Maghas.
The most remarkable feature of the site is a cluster of three early medieval churches, whose construction is associated with the missionary activities of Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos in the Northern Caucasus. These structures bear much resemblance to the Shoana Church and Senty Church, situated in the neighbouring valleys. In the 19th century the churches were affiliated with the monastery of St. Alexander Nevsky. A monastic community was revived there after the fall of the Soviet Union.

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Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (ⁱ/ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn/ AZ-ər-by-JAHN; Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası) is the largest country in the Caucasus region located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having a short borderline with Turkey to the northwest.
Azerbaijan has an ancient and historic cultural heritage. Aside from having been the first Muslim-majority country to have operas, theater and plays, Azerbaijan today is among the Muslim-majority countries where support for secularism and tolerance is the highest. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the first democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world, was established in 1918, but was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920. Azerbaijan regained independence in 1991. Shortly thereafter, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War, neighboring Armenia occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, its surrounding territories and the enclaves of Karki, Yukhary Askipara, Barkhudarly and Sofulu. The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which emerged in Nagorno-Karabakh, continues to be not diplomatically recognized by any nation and the region is still considered a de jure part of Azerbaijan, despite being de facto independent since the end of the war. Azerbaijan has come under repeated international criticism for its record on human rights.

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Constantinople
Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, Konstantinoúpolis; Latin: Constantinopolis; Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطینیه, Qostantiniyye; and modern Turkish: İstanbul) was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin and the Ottoman Empires. It was founded in AD 330, at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine I, after whom it was named. The city was the largest and wealthiest European city of the Middle Ages, and shared the glories of the Byzantine Empire, which was eventually reduced to the city and its environs.
Although besieged on numerous occasions by various peoples, it was taken only in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade, in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. An inner wall was erected by Constantine I, and the city was surrounded by a triple wall of fortifications, begun during the 5th century by Theodosius II. The city was built on seven hills as well as on the Bosporus, and thus presented an impregnable fortress enclosing magnificent palaces, domes and towers. The Church of Hagia Sophia, the sacred palace of the emperors, the hippodrome, and the Golden Gate were among the largest of the many churches, public edifices, and monuments lining the arcaded avenues and squares.

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Darial Pass
The Darial Gorge (Russian: Дарьяльское ущелье; Ossetic: Дайраны ком Dairany kom; Georgian: დარიალის ხეობა, Darialis Kheoba) is the gorge on the border between Russia and Georgia. It is at the east base of Mount Kazbek, pierced by the river Terek for a distance of 8 metres between vertical walls of rock (1800 m/5900 ft) and is located South of present-day Vladikavkaz.
The name Darial originates from Dar-e Alān (در الان) meaning Gate of the Alans in Persian. The gorge, alternatively known as the Iberian Gates or the Caucasian Gates, is mentioned in the Georgian annals under the names of Ralani, Dargani, Darialani; Strabo calls it Porta Caucasica and Porta Cumana; Ptolemy, Fortes Sarmatica; it was sometimes known as Porta Caucasica and Portae Caspiae (a name bestowed also on the "gate" or pass beside the Caspian Sea at Derbent); and the Tatars call it Darioly.
Darial Pass fell into Sassanid hands in 252-253, when the Sassanid Empire conquered and annexed Albania, Iberia, and Armenia. Albania became a vassal of the Sassanid Empire. The control of the Darial Pass switched to the Western Turkic Kaganate in 628, when Tong Yabgu Kagan (Djebukagan of Armenian annals) signed a treaty with Albania, transferring over to the Kaganate the control of all its cities and fortresses, and establishing free trade. Control of Darial Pass switched to the Arab Rashidun Caliphate in 644. Afterwards, it was controlled by Tzanars, Alans, Kingdom of Georgia, was a battle point between the Ilkhanate and the Golden Horde, then indirectly controlled by Safavids and Qajar state, until it was captured by Russian Empire in the Caucasian War of 1817–1864. Nominally under control of local Khanates, it remained a strategic Russian forepost under Russian control until the dismemberment of the Soviet Union.

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Gate of the Alans
The Darial Gorge (Russian: Дарьяльское ущелье; Ossetic: Дайраны ком Dairany kom; Georgian: დარიალის ხეობა, Darialis Kheoba) is the gorge on the border between Russia and Georgia. It is at the east base of Mount Kazbek, pierced by the river Terek for a distance of 8 metres between vertical walls of rock (1800 m/5900 ft) and is located South of present-day Vladikavkaz.
The name Darial originates from Dar-e Alān (در الان) meaning Gate of the Alans in Persian. The gorge, alternatively known as the Iberian Gates or the Caucasian Gates, is mentioned in the Georgian annals under the names of Ralani, Dargani, Darialani; Strabo calls it Porta Caucasica and Porta Cumana; Ptolemy, Fortes Sarmatica; it was sometimes known as Porta Caucasica and Portae Caspiae (a name bestowed also on the "gate" or pass beside the Caspian Sea at Derbent); and the Tatars call it Darioly.
Darial Pass fell into Sassanid hands in 252-253, when the Sassanid Empire conquered and annexed Albania, Iberia, and Armenia. Albania became a vassal of the Sassanid Empire. The control of the Darial Pass switched to the Western Turkic Kaganate in 628, when Tong Yabgu Kagan (Djebukagan of Armenian annals) signed a treaty with Albania, transferring over to the Kaganate the control of all its cities and fortresses, and establishing free trade. Control of Darial Pass switched to the Arab Rashidun Caliphate in 644. Afterwards, it was controlled by Tzanars, Alans, Kingdom of Georgia, was a battle point between the Ilkhanate and the Golden Horde, then indirectly controlled by Safavids and Qajar state, until it was captured by Russian Empire in the Caucasian War of 1817–1864. Nominally under control of local Khanates, it remained a strategic Russian forepost under Russian control until the dismemberment of the Soviet Union.

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Georgia (country)
Georgia ⁱ/ˈdʒɔrdʒə/ (Georgian: საქართველო Sakartvelo, IPA: [sɑkʰɑrtʰvɛlɔ] ( listen)) is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is almost 4.7 million. Georgia is a unitary, semi-presidential republic, with the government elected through a representative democracy.
During the classical era independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia. The kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia adopted Christianity in the early 4th century. A unified Georgia reached the peak of its political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 11th–12th centuries. At the beginning of the 19th century, Georgia was annexed by the Russian Empire. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Georgia was occupied by Soviet Russia in 1921, becoming the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic and part of the Soviet Union. After independence in 1991, post-communist Georgia suffered from civil unrest and economic crisis for most of the 1990s. This lasted until the Rose Revolution of 2003, after which the new government introduced democratic and economic reforms.

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Kuban River
The Kuban River (Russian: Куба́нь, pronounced [kuˈbanʲ]) is a river in Russia, in the North Caucasus region. It flows mostly through Krasnodar Krai (660 km) but also in the Karachay–Cherkess Republic, Stavropol Krai and the Republic of Adygea.
The Kuban, known to Herodotus as Hypanis, flows 870 km north and west from its source near Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus Mountains, eventually reaching Temryuk Bay in the Sea of Azov. It is navigable up to Krasnodar.
Major cities along the Kuban are Karachayevsk, Cherkessk, Nevinnomyssk, Armavir, Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar and Temryuk. Despite its name, Slavyansk-na-Kubani stays not on the Kuban River, but on its tributary Protoka.

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Senty Church
Senty Church (Russian: Сентинский храм) is a Byzantine-style limestone church situated in the Greater Caucasus, on the left bank of the Teberda River, near the village of Nizhnyaya Teberda, 18 km south of Karachaevsk, Karachay–Cherkessia, Russian Federation.
The diminutive building, about ten meters in height, is notable as one of the earliest churches in Russia. Like the Shoana Church and the Arkhyz Cathedral, it is believed to have been constructed in connection with missionary activities of Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos in the first quarter of the 10th century. There are traces of frescoes from the 11th century. The church was much altered at the urging of the nuns from a nearby monastery in the 19th century. Near the church lie the ruins of an ancient mausoleum.
Coordinates: 43°38′13″N 41°51′56″E / 43.63694°N 41.86556°E / 43.63694; 41.86556

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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Stavropol Krai
Stavropol Krai (Russian: Ставропо́льский край, Stavropolsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). Its administrative center is the city of Stavropol. Population: 2,786,281 (2010 Census).
Stavropol Krai encompasses the central part of the Fore-Caucasus and most of the northern slopes of Caucasus Major. It borders on Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic, the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, and the Karachay–Cherkess Republic.
Stavropol is traversed by the northeasterly lines of equal latitude and longitude.
According to the 2010 Census, the population of the krai is 2,786,281; up from 2,735,139 recorded in the 2002 Census and further up from 2,410,379 recorded in the 1989 Census. The population of the krai is concentrated in the Kuban River and the Kuma River drainage basin, which used to be traditional Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). The Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered to be ethnic Russians, even though they are still an important minority in their own right in this area. Other notable ethnic groups include the Armenians (mostly Christian Hamsheni) and Greeks who have been settling here since at least the 18th century.

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Vladimir
Vladimir (Russian: Влади́мир; IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr]) is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, 200 kilometers (120 mi) to the east of Moscow along the M7 motorway. Population: 345,598 (2010 Census preliminary results); 315,954 (2002 Census); 349,702 (1989 Census).
Vladimir was one of the medieval capitals of Russia, and two of its cathedrals are a World Heritage Site. It is served by the Semyazino Airport, and during the Cold War Vladimir was host to Dobrynskoye air base.
The area occupied by the city of Vladimir has been inhabited by humans (at least intermittently) for approximately 25,000 years (see Sungir). Traditionally, the founding date of Vladimir has been acknowledged as 1108, as the first mention of Vladimir in the Primary Chronicle appears under that year. This view attributes the founding of the city, and its name, to Vladimir Monomakh, who inherited the region as part of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality in 1093. In 1958, the 850th anniversary of the city foundation was celebrated, with many monuments from the celebrations adorning the city squares.

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Al-Walid I
Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: الوليد بن عبد الملك‎) or Al-Walid I (668 - 715) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 705 - 715.
He was born to Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan and his wife who was from the central Arabian region Najd. Al walid continued the expansion of the Islamic empire that was sparked by his father, and was an effective ruler. His father Abd al-Malik had taken the oath of allegiance for Walid I during his lifetime.^{[unreliable source?]}. As such the succession of Al-Walid I was not contested. His reign was marked by endless successions of conquests east and west.
Al-Walid I (705-715 AD/86-96 AH), began the Islamic conquests and took the early Islamic empire to its farthest extents. He reconquered parts of Egypt from the Byzantine Empire and moved on into Carthage and across to the west of North Africa. Then, in 711, Muslim armies crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and began to conquer the Iberian Peninsula using North African Berber armies. By 716, the Visigoths of Iberia had been defeated and Iberia was under Muslim control. This would be the farthest extent of Islamic control of Europe (in 736, they were stopped in their expansion into Europe south of Tours, France). In the east, Islamic armies made it as far as the Indus River in 712—under Al-Walid, the caliphate empire stretched from the Iberian Peninsula to India. Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef played a crucial role in the organization and selection of military commanders.

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Alans
The Alans, or the Alani, occasionally termed Alauni or Halani, were a group of Sarmatian tribes, nomadic pastoralists of the 1st millennium AD who spoke an Eastern Iranian language which derived from Scytho-Sarmatian and which in turn evolved into modern Ossetian.
The various forms of Alan — Greek: Αλανοί, Αλαννοί; Chinese: 阿蘭聊 Alanliao (Pinyin) in the 2nd century, 阿蘭 Alan (Pinyin) in the 3rd century — and Iron (a self-designation of the Alans' modern Ossetian descendants, indicating early tribal self-designation) are Iranian dialectical forms of Aryan. These and other variants of Aryan (such as Iran), were common self-designations of the Indo-Iranians, the common ancestors of the Indo-Aryans and Iranian peoples to whom the Alans belonged.
The Alans were also known over the course of their history by another group of related names including the variations Asi, As, and Os (Bulgarian Uzi, Hungarian Jász, Russian Jasy, Georgian Osi). It is this name that is the root of the modern Ossetian.
<timeline> ImageSize = width:680 height:200 PlotArea = left:72 right:8 bottom:20 top:2 AlignBars = justify Define $wide = width:35

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Alda of Alania
Alda or Alde was an 11th-century Alan princess and the second wife of King George I of Georgia (r. 1014–1027). The couple had a son, Demetre, who played a notable role in the civil unrest of Georgia during the reign of his half-brother Bagrat IV.
The "second wife" of George I is mentioned by the medieval Georgian chronicles in a passage relating a futile attempt by a noble party to promote her son, who lived in Anakopia on the shores of Abkhazia, to the throne of Georgia after George's death. Subsequently Demetre defected to the Byzantines and surrendered Anakopia to the emperor Romanos III Argyros (c. 1033). In the same passage, she is referred to as a "daughter of the king of the Ossetes", "Ossetes" being a Georgian designation of the Alans. Her name Alda (Greek: Ἀλδή) is known from the contemporaneous Byzantine sources. John Skylitzes, corroborating with the Georgian annals, reports that Alda, "wife of George... of the Alan race" surrendered "the very strong fort of Anakopia" to the emperor who honored her son Demetre with the rank of magistros.

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Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Nevsky (Russian: Алекса́ндр Яросла́вич Не́вский (help·info), Aleksandr Yaroslavich Nevskiy; pronounced [ɐlʲɪˈksandr jɪrɐˈslavʲɪtɕ ˈnʲefskʲɪj]; 30 May 1220 – 14 November 1263, proclaimed Saint of the Russian Orthodox Church by Metropolite Macarius in 1547) was the Prince of Novgorod and Grand Prince of Vladimir during some of the most trying times in the city's history. Commonly regarded as the key figure of medieval Rus, Alexander was the grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest and rose to legendary status on account of his military victories over the German and Swedish invaders while employing collaborationist policies towards the powerful Golden Horde.
From Tales of the Life and Courage of the Pious and Great Prince Alexander found in the Second Pskovian Chronicle, circa 1260–1280, comes one of the first known references to the Great Prince:
"By the will of God, prince Alexander was born from the charitable, people-loving, and meek the Great Prince Yaroslav, and his mother was Theodosia. As it was told by the prophet Isaiah: 'Thus sayeth the Lord: I appoint the princes because they are sacred and I direct them.' "... He was taller than others and his voice reached the people as a trumpet, and his face was like the face of Joseph, whom the Egyptian Pharaoh placed as next to the king after him of Egypt. His power was a part of the power of Samson and God gave him the wisdom of Solomon ... this Prince Alexander: he used to defeat but was never defeated ..."

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David the Builder
David IV "the Builder", also known as David II (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, Davit Aghmashenebeli) (1073 – January 24, 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125.
Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country, winning the major Battle of Didgori in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia’s control. A friend of the church and a notable promoter of Christian culture, he was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church.
The only son of King George II (1072–1089) by his wife Helena, he was born in Kutaisi, western Georgia in 1073. David was raised during one of the darkest chapters of Georgian history, amidst the strife of the so-called Great Turkish Onslaught (didi turkoba) when the Seljuk tribes began massive migrations to the southern Caucasus. King Giorgi II was unable to cope with the problem, and in a bloodless coup in 1089, he was forced to resign in favor of his 16-year-old son.

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Demetre I of Georgia
Demetrius I (დემეტრე I) (c. 1093–1156), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was King of Georgia from 1125 to 1156. He is also known as a poet.
Demetrius was the eldest son of King David the Builder by his first wife Rusudan. As a commander, he took part in his father’s battles, particularly at Didgori (1121) and Shirvan (1123).
Demetrius succeeded on his father’s death on January 24, 1125. With his ascent to the throne, the Seljuk Turks attacked the Georgian-held city of Ani, Armenia. Demetrius I had to compromise and ceded the city to a Seljuk ruler under terms of vassalage.
In 1139, he raided the earthquake-ridden city of Ganja (the present day Azerbaijan). He brought the iron gate of the defeated city to Georgia and donated it to Gelati Monastery at Kutaisi, western Georgia. Despite this brilliant victory, Demetrius could hold Ganja only for a few years.
In 1130, Demetrius revealed a plot of nobles, probably involving the king's half-borther Vakhtang. The King arrested the conspirators and executed one of their leaders, Ioanne Abuletisdze, in 1138 (or 1145). In 1154 David, Demetrius's elder son forced his father to abdicate and become a monk, receiving the monastic name Damian (Damianus). However, David died six months later and King Demetrius was restored to the throne. David was survived by his son Demna who was regarded by the aristocratic opposition as a lawful pretender.

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Dvals
The Dvals (Georgian: დვალები, Dvalebi; Ossetic: Туалтæ, Twaltæ) were an old people in the Caucasus, their lands lying on both sides of the central Greater Caucasus mountains, somewhere between the Darial and Mamison gorges. This historic territory mostly covers today’s South Ossetia, a breakaway region of Georgia and part of North Ossetia–Alania, Russian Federation, as well as some neighboring lands in Georgia’s historic regions of Racha and Khevi.
The name of the Dvals (Georgian: დვალნი, Dvalni) comes from the old Georgian annals, their land called Dvaletia (დვალეთი. Dvalet`i) after them.
The ethnonym survived to our days as "Tual" and "Urs-Tual" (Ossetic: Урстуалтæ meaning "white Tuals") which are historical regions of Ossetia. Also Georgian surname Dvali and Ossetian Tuallagov/Twallægtæ come from the name of Dvals.
The Dvals are sometimes tentatively linked^{[by whom?]} to the Talae of Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy who placed them in Sarmatia Asiatica.
They were regarded as vassals of the Georgian crown and paid a tribute, while the Georgian kings fortified their fortresses and mountain passes securing the strategic “Dvaletian road”. Christianity began to spread among the Dvals in the mid-6th century, under Georgian influence.

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George I of Georgia
Giorgi I (Georgian: გიორგი I) (998 or 1002 – August 16, 1027), of the House of Bagrationi, was the king of Georgia from 1014 until his death in 1027. He spent most of his seven-year-long reign waging a bloody and fruitless territorial war with the Byzantine Empire.
Giorgi was born in 998 or, according to a later version of the Georgian chronicles, in 1002, to King Bagrat III. Upon his father’s death on May 7, 1014, he inherited the kingdoms of Abkhazia, Kartli and Kakheti united into a single state of Georgia. As his predecessor, Giorgi continued to be titled as King of the Abkhazians (Ap'xaz) and Georgians (K'art'velians). Contemporary sources, however, frequently omitted one of the two components of this title when abbreviating it.
The new sovereign’s young age was immediately exploited by the great nobles, who had been suppressed under the heavy hand of Bagrat. Around the same year, the easternmost provinces of Kakheti and Hereti, not easily acquired by Bagrat, staged a revolt and reinstated their own government under Kvirike III (1010/1014–1029), who also incorporated a portion of the neighbouring Arran (Ran), allowing him to claim the title of King of the Kakhetians and Ranians. Giorgi was unable to prevent the move and sought an alliance with this kingdom, rather than attempting to reincorporate it into the Georgian state, thus leaving a long-standing claim to Kakheti and Hereti to his successors.

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Huns
The Huns were a group of nomadic people who, appearing from east of the Volga River, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and established the vast Hunnic Empire there. Since de Guignes linked them with the Xiongnu, who had been northern neighbours of China 300 years prior to the emergence of the Huns, considerable scholarly effort has been devoted to investigating such a connection. However, there is no scholarly consensus on a direct connection between the dominant element of the Xiongnu and that of the Huns.Priscus mentions that the Huns had a language of their own; little of it has survived and its relationships have been the subject of debate for centuries. Most authorities suppose that it may have been a member of the Oghuric branch of the Turkic language family, with the languages Bulgar, Khazar, Turkic Avar and Chuvash. Numerous other languages were spoken within the Hun pax including East Germanic, which was widely used as a lingua franca in the Hunnic territories. Their main military technique was mounted archery.

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Ibn al-Faqih
Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani (Persian: ابن فقیه همدانی‎) was a 10th century Persian historian and geographer, famous for his Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan ("Concise Book of Lands").

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Iranian languages
The Iranian languages (also called Iranic languages) form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages which in turn are a subgroup of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples.
The Iranian languages are considered in three stages of Old (until 400 BCE), Middle (400 BCE – 900 CE), and New (since 900 CE). From the Old Iranian languages the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of Zarathushtra). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran) and Parthian (a language of Arsacid Iran). There are many Iranian languages, the largest amongst them are Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.
Today, there are an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. The Ethnologue lists 87 Iranian languages.Persian has about 65 million native speakers, Pashto about 50 million, Kurdish about 18 million, Balochi about 7 million, and Lurish about 2.3 million.

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Jassic people
The Jassic people or Jász are an ethnic group of Hungarians who mostly live in the Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county of the Republic of Hungary. They are of Ossetic (Sarmatian, Iranian) origin and originally spoke the Jassic dialect of the Ossetic language. Today, they speak Hungarian and consider themselves to be Hungarians, but a sense of the "Jassic ethnic identity" is also preserved among them.
The Jassic people live in the region known as "Jászság" (roughly translatable as Jász-land), which comprise the north-western part of the Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. Their cultural and political center is the town of Jászberény.
It is a common mistake to call Jászság by the name "Jazygia", which derives from the name of another Iranian people – the Iazyges, who lived in the same territory between the Danube and Tisza rivers in ancient times.
The Jassic (Jász) people were a nomadic Sarmatian (Iranian) tribe which settled in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary during the 13th century. Their name is almost certainly related to that of the Iazyges, one of the Sarmatian Alanic tribes which, along with the Roxolani, reached the borders of Dacia during the late 1st century BC (the city of Iași is named for them). Residual elements of these tribes, ancestors of the Jassic people, remained behind in the central North Caucasus, mingling with Caucasian peoples to form the present-day Ossetes.

wn.com/Jassic_people
John Skylitzes
John Skylitzes, latinized as Ioannes Scylitzes (Greek: Ἰωάννης Σκυλίτζης, also Σκυλλίτζης/Σκυλίτσης, Iōannēs Skylitzēs/Skyllitzēs/Skylitsēs) was a Greek historian of the late 11th century. He was born in the early 1040s and died after 1101.
Very little is known about his life. The title of his work records him as a kouropalatēs and a former droungarios of the Vigla, whereby he is usually identified with a certain John Thrakesios.
His major work is the Synopsis of Histories (Σύνοψις Ἱστοριῶν), which covers the reigns of the Byzantine emperors from the death of Nikephoros I in 811 to the deposition of Michael VI in 1057; it continues the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor. There is a continuation of this work, known as Scylitzes Continuatus covering 1057 – 1079; some historians hypothesize that it was also written by Skylitzes.
The most famous manuscript of the Synopsis was produced in Sicily in the 12th century, and is now at the Biblioteca Nacional de España in Madrid, so is known as the Madrid Skylitzes. It features 574 miniatures, while some 100 have been lost, and is the only surviving Byzantine illuminated chronicle in Greek, providing an invaluable primary source for the visualization of contemporary Byzantium.

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Justinian II
Justinian II (Greek: Ιουστινιανός Β΄, Ioustinianos II, Latin: Justinianus II) (669 – 11 December 711), surnamed the Rhinotmetos or Rhinotmetus (ὁ Ῥινότμητος, "the slit-nosed"), was the last Byzantine Emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Empire to its former glories, but he responded poorly to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV. Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, and it resulted in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising, and he only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgar and Slav army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and it too saw his eventual overthrow in 711, abandoned by his army who turned on him before killing him.
Justinian II was the eldest son of Emperor Constantine IV and Anastasia. His father raised him to the throne as joint emperor in 681 on the fall of his uncles Heraclius and Tiberius. In 685, at the age of sixteen, Justinian II succeeded his father as sole emperor.

wn.com/Justinian_II
Khazar
The Khazars were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus (Circassia, Dagestan), parts of Georgia, the Crimea, and northeastern Turkey.
A successor state of the Western Turks, Khazaria was a polyethnic-multifaith state with a population of Turkic, Uralic, Slavic, and Palaeo-Caucasian peoples. Khazaria was the first feudal state to be established in Eastern Europe. During the 9th and 10th centuries, Khazaria was one of the major arteries of commerce between northern Europe and southwestern Asia, as well as a connection to the Silk Road. The name "Khazar" is found in numerous languages and seems to be tied to a Turkic verb form meaning "wandering" (Modern Turkish: Gezer).Pax Khazarica is a term used by historians to refer to the period during which the Khazaria dominated the Pontic steppe and the Caucasus Mountains.

wn.com/Khazar
Leo the Isaurian
Leo III the Isaurian also known as the Syrian or the Iconoclast (Greek: Λέων Γ΄, Leōn III), (c. 685 – 18 June 741) was Byzantine Emperor from 717 until his death in 741. He put an end to a period of instability, successfully defended the Empire against the invading Umayyads, and forbade the veneration of icons (see Iconoclasm).
Leo, whose original name was Konon, was born in Germanikeia (Maraş/Turkey) in the Syrian province of Commagene. Some, including the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes, have claimed that Konon's family had been resettled in Thrace, where he entered the service of Emperor Justinian II, when the latter was advancing on Constantinople with an army of 15,000 horsemen provided by Tervel of Bulgaria in 705.
After the victory of Justinian II, Leo was dispatched on a diplomatic mission to Alania and Lazica to organize an alliance against the Umayyad Caliphate under Al-Walid I. Leo was appointed commander (stratēgos) of the Anatolic theme by Emperor Anastasius II. On his deposition Leo joined with his colleague Artabasdus, the stratēgos of the Armeniac theme, in conspiring to overthrow the new Emperor Theodosius III. Artabasdus was betrothed to Anna, daughter of Leo as part of the agreement.

wn.com/Leo_the_Isaurian
Maria of Alania
Maria of Alania (born Princess Martha of Georgia;Georgian: მართა) was an empress consort of the Byzantine Empire. She was married to emperors Michael VII Doukas and later, Nikephoros III Botaneiates. At the time of her marriage, Georgian Maria was one of only two non-Byzantine princesses to marry a Byzantine heir, along with Bertha (Eudoxia) of Italy, and the only one to give birth to an heir. It must be added, though, that Theodora of Khazaria had been married to Justinian II, though he was no longer heir at the time of their marriage, and that she had given birth to an heir, though he did not succeed his father. Her ascension to the Imperial throne of the Eastern Roman Empire was considered a significant success for a newly-unified kingdom like Georgia, which would achieve regional influence comparable to that of Byzantium only during the reign of Martha's nephew, King David IV, who refused to carry a Byzantine title.
Being a daughter of the Georgian monarch, Bagrat IV, Martha was in line of succession to the Georgian throne behind her brother, future George II of Georgia. At a fresh age of 5 she was sent Constantinople to further her education at the Byzantine court under the patronage of Empress Theodora in 1056. The latter, however, died later in the year and Martha returned home to Georgia. In 1065 she married the future emperor Michael, a son of Constantine X Doukas, and became an empress when Michael was enthroned in 1071. Their marriage was an important exception because members of the Byzantine imperial family usually married only Greeks, and among the few cases of them marrying non-Greek "barbarians" was Romanus II's marriage to Bertha of Italy and Justinian II to Theodora of Khazaria.

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Masudi
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Mas'udi (in Arabic أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي transl: Abu al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-Masʿūdī) (born c. 896, Baghdad, died September 956, Cairo, Egypt), was an Arab historian and geographer, known as the "Herodotus of the Arabs." Al-Masudi (in Arabic المسعودي) was one of the first to combine history and scientific geography in a large-scale work, Muruj adh-dhahab wa ma'adin al-jawhar (Arabic: مروج الذهب ومعادن الجواهر‎ translated The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems), a world history.
Al-Mas'udi tells us that he was born in Baghdad. He was a descendant of Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad. However, we know little else about his early years. He mentions his association with many scholars in the lands through which he travelled. However, most of what we know of him comes from the internal evidence of his own works. Although Shboul questions the furthest extent sometimes asserted for al-Mas'udi's travels, even his more conservative estimation is impressive:

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Michael VII
Michael VII Doukas or Ducas (Greek: Μιχαήλ Ζ΄ Δούκας, Mikhaēl VII Doukas), nicknamed Parapinakēs (Παραπινάκης), was Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078.
Michael VII was the eldest son of Constantine X Doukas and Eudokia Makrembolitissa, and was born c. 1050, in Constantinople. He had been associated with his father on the throne late in 1059, together with or shortly before his newly born brother Konstantios Doukas. When Constantine X died in 1067, Michael VII was 17 years old and should have been able to rule by himself. He exhibited little interest in politics, and his mother Eudokia and uncle John Doukas governed the empire as effective regents.
On January 1, 1068, Eudokia married the general Romanos Diogenes, who now became senior co-emperor alongside Michael VII, Konstantios, and another brother, Andronikos. When Romanos IV was defeated and captured by Alp Arslan of the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert in August 1071, Michael VII remained in the background, while the initiative was taken by his uncle John Doukas and his tutor Michael Psellos. They conspired to keep Romanos from regaining power after his release from captivity, while he himself felt under no obligation to honor the agreement that Romanus struck with the Sultan. After the dispatch of Eudokia to a monastery, Michael VII was crowned again on October 24, 1071 as senior emperor.

wn.com/Michael_VII
Nicephorus III
Nikephoros III Botaneiates, Latinized as Nicephorus III Botaniates (Greek: Νικηφόρος Βοτανειάτης, c. 1002 – 10 December 1081) was Byzantine emperor from 1078 to 1081. He belonged to a family which claimed descent from the Byzantine Phokas family.
Nikephoros Botaneiates had served as general from the reign of Constantine IX. Drawn to politics, he had been an active participant in the uprising that brought Isaac I to the throne in 1057, including a prominent role in the Battle of Petroe. Although considered a competent general, he had suffered a number of humiliating setbacks throughout his career. In 1064, he, together with Basil Apokapes, doux of Paradounavon, defended the Balkan frontiers against the invading Oghuz Turks, but was defeated and suffered the humiliation of being taken captive. However, the outbreak of an epidemic soon began decimating the Turks and the prisoners were recovered, while the survivors were quickly recruited in the Byzantine army.
In 1067, he had been considered as a possible husband for the empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa, widowed wife of Constantine X, but she eventually set her heart on Romanos IV Diogenes. Excluded from Romanos's campaign at Manzikert, he retired to his estates in Anatolia. Eventually, under Michael VII Doukas, he became strategos of the Anatolic theme and commander of the troops in Asia Minor. Here he participated in the shambolic acts that crippled the empire’s eastern provinces, including his strategic retreat when Caesar John Doukas was confronting Norman mercenary rebels, resulting in the humiliating defeat of the Byzantine army, and the capture of John Doukas.

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Nicholas Mysticus
Nicholas I Mystikos or Nicholas I Mysticus (Greek: Νικόλαος Α΄ Μυστικός, Nikolaos I Mystikos) (852 – May 15, 925) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from March 901 to February 906 and from May 912 to his death in 925. His feast day in the Orthodox Church is May 16.
Nicholas was born in the Italian Peninsula and had become a friend of the Patriarch Photios. He fell into disfavor after Photios' dismissal in 886 and retired to a monastery. Emperor Leo VI the Wise retrieved him from the monastery and made him mystikos, a dignity designating either the imperial secretary or a judicial official.
On March 1, 901, Nicholas was appointed patriarch. However, he fell out with Leo VI over the latter's fourth marriage to his mistress Zoe Karbonopsina. Although he reluctantly baptized the fruit of this relationship, the future Constantine VII, Nicholas forbade the emperor from entering the church and may have become involved in the revolt of Andronikos Doukas. He was deposed as patriarch on February 1, 907 and replaced by Euthymios. Exiled to his own monastery, Nicholas regarded his deposition as unjustified and involved Pope Sergius III in the dispute.

wn.com/Nicholas_Mysticus
Ossetians
The Ossetians (Ossetic: ирæттæ, irættæ) are an Iranic ethnic group of the Caucasus Mountains, indigenous to the region known as Ossetia. They speak Ossetic, an Iranian language of the Eastern branch of the Indo-European languages family, with most also fluent in Russian as a second language. The Ossetians are mostly Eastern Orthodox Christian, with a Muslim minority.
The Ossetians mostly populate Ossetia, which is politically divided between North Ossetia–Alania in Russia, and South Ossetia, which since the 2008 South Ossetia war has been de-facto independent from Georgia.
The Russian geographic name "Ossetia" and the corresponding ethnic designation "Ossetians" comes from a Georgian root.
The Russians originally called the Ossetians Yas (ясы, connected with Iazyges).
In Late Antiquity, records became much more diffuse and the Iazyges generally ceased to be mentioned as a tribe. In the Middle Ages an East Iranian people appeared in Eastern-Europe, the Jazones. The Jazones, or Jász, an Ossetic people who migrated to Hungary, are first mentioned in Hungarian records in the year 1318, and their name, spelled in Greek means "Jasons" (Ιάσωνες). The Jász in Hungary maintained their language until the 18th century. While they have become linguistically Hungarian, descendants in the Jász area of Hungary still maintain some original culture and have folk consciousness of their origins.

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Pechenegs
The Pechenegs or Patzinaks (Russian: Печенег(и), Turkish: Peçenek(ler), Hungarian: Besenyő(k), Croatian: Pečenezi, Greek: Πατζινάκοι, Πετσενέγοι, Πατζινακίται, Georgian: პაჭანიკი, Bulgarian: печенеги, pechenegi or печенези, pechenezi; Serbian: Печенези, Latin: Pacinacae, Bisseni) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people of the Central Asian steppes speaking the Pecheneg language which belonged to the Turkic language family.
In Mahmud Kashgari's 11th-century work Dīwānu Lughati t-Turk (Arabic: ديوان لغات الترك‎), the name Beçenek is given two meanings. The first is "a Turkish nation living around the country of the Rum", where Rum was the Turkish word for the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire. Kashgari's second definition of Beçenek is "a branch of Oghuz Turks"; he subsequently described the Oghuz as being formed of 22 branches, of which the 19th branch was named Beçenek. Max Vasmer derives this name from the Turkic word for "brother-in-law, relative" (Turkmen: bacanak and Turkish: bacanak). According to Kashgari, Pechenegs are one of Üçok tribes of the Oghuz.

wn.com/Pechenegs
Pletneva, Svetlana
Svetlana Alexandrovna Pletneva (also called Pletnyeva and Pletnyova Russian: Светлана Александровна Плетнева) (born April 1, 1926 in Vyatka; died 20 November 2008 in Moscow) is a Russian and Soviet archaeologist and historian. Like Lev Gumilev, she was a student of Mikhail Artamonov, although she discarded many of the former's theories as mere speculations. She won the USSR State Prize in 1986
Pletneva is the author of numerous books on Eurasian nomads, particularly the Khazars.

wn.com/Pletneva,_Svetlana
Romanus III
Romanos III Argyros (or Romanus III Argyrus) (Greek: Ρωμανός Γ΄ Αργυρός, Rōmanos III Argyros) (968 – 11 April 1034) was Byzantine emperor from 15 November 1028 until his death.
Romanos Argyros was the son of an unnamed member of the Argyros family and a great-grandson of Emperor Romanos I. His sister Maria had married Giovanni Orseolo, a Venetian lord in Dalmatia. He also had a brother, Basil Argyros. Under Basil II Romanos served as judge, and under Constantine VIII he became urban prefect of Constantinople. Romanos attracted the attention of Constantine VIII, who forced him to divorce his wife (sending her into a monastery) and to marry the emperor's daughter Zoe. The marriage took place on November 12, 1028, and three days later Constantine VIII died, leaving Romanos III as emperor.
The new emperor showed great eagerness to make his mark as a ruler, but was mostly unfortunate in his enterprises. He spent large sums upon new buildings and in endowing the monks, and in his endeavour to relieve the pressure of taxation disorganized the finances of the state. Idealizing Marcus Aurelius, Romanos aspired to be a new "philosopher king", and similarly desired to imitate the military prowess of Trajan.

wn.com/Romanus_III
Sarmatians
The Iron Age Sarmatians (Latin Sarmatæ or Sauromatæ, Sanskrit Sakas Greek Σαρμάται, Σαυρομάται) were an Iranian people in Classical Antiquity, flourishing from about the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD.
Their territory was known as Sarmatia to Greco-Roman ethnographers, corresponding to the western part of greater Scythia (modern Southern Russia, Ukraine, and the eastern Balkans). At their greatest reported extent, around 100 BC, these tribes ranged from the Vistula River to the mouth of the Danube and eastward to the Volga, bordering the shores of the Black and Caspian seas as well as the Caucasus to the south.
The Sarmatians declined in the 4th century with the incursions connected to the Migration period (Huns, Goths). The descendants of the Sarmatians became known as the Alans during the Early Middle Ages, and ultimately gave rise to the modern Ossetic ethnic group.
Sarmatae is in origin probably just one of several tribal names of the Sarmatians which came to be applied to the entire group as an exonym in Greco-Roman ethnography. Strabo in the 1st century names as the main tribes of the Sarmatians the Iazyges, the Roxolani, the Aorsi and the Siraces.

wn.com/Sarmatians
Tamar of Georgia
Tamar the Great (Georgian: თამარი, also transliterated as T'amar or Thamar) (c. 1160 – 18 January 1213), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. Tamar presided over the "Golden age" of the medieval Georgian monarchy. Her position as the first woman to rule Georgia in her own right was emphasized by the title mep'e ("king"), commonly afforded to Tamar in the medieval Georgian sources.
Tamar was proclaimed heir apparent and co-ruler by her reigning father George III in 1178, but she faced significant opposition from the aristocracy upon her ascension to full ruling powers after George's death. Tamar was successful in neutralizing this opposition and embarked on an energetic foreign policy aided by the downfall of the rival powers of the Seljuqid and the Byzantine empires. Relying on a powerful military élite, Tamar was able to build on the successes of her predecessors to consolidate an empire which dominated the Caucasus until its collapse under the Mongol attacks within two decades after Tamar's death.

wn.com/Tamar_of_Georgia
Timur
Timur (Turkish: Demir "iron", Persian: تمور‎ Timūr, Chagatai: Temür "iron"; 8 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Tamerlane (from Persian: تيمور لنگ‎, Timūr-i Lang, Aksak Timur "Timur the Lame" in Turkish), was a Turkic, who conquered West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty. He was the grandfather of Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-grandfather of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire, which ruled South Asia for centuries.
Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. Unlike his predecessors Timur was also a devout Muslim and referred to himself as the Sword of Islam. His armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and multicultural. During his lifetime Timur would emerge as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the formidable Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the emerging Ottoman Empire and the declining Sultanate of Delhi; Timur had also decisively defeated the Knights Hospitaler at Smyrna and since then referred to himself as a Ghazi. By the end of his reign Timur had also gained complete suzerainty over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate, Ilkhanate, Golden Horde and even the Yuan Khanate.

wn.com/Timur
Umar II
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (c. 682 - February, 720) (Arabic: عمر بن عبد العزيز‎) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 717 to 720. He was also a cousin of the former caliph, being the son of Abd al-Malik's younger brother, Abd al-Aziz. He was also a great-grandson of the companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, Umar bin Al-Khattab.
Umar was born around 682. Some traditions state that he was born in Medina while others claim that he was born in Egypt.
According to a Sunni Muslim tradition, Umar's lineage to Umar ibn al-Khattab stems from a famous event during the second Caliph's rule. During one of his frequent disguised journeys to survey the condition of his people, Umar overheard a milkmaid refusing to obey her mother's orders to sell adulterated milk. The mother reportedly told her daughter to add water to the milk as Caliph Umar is not there looking at them. The girl shot back that though Caliph Umar is not looking at them, Allah is always watching over everyone. He sent an officer to purchase milk from the girl the next day and learned that she had kept her resolve; the milk was unadulterated. Umar summoned the girl and her mother to his court and told them what he had heard. As a reward, he offered to marry the girl to his son Asim. She accepted, and from this union was born a girl named Layla that would in due course become the mother of Umar ibn Abdulaziz.

wn.com/Umar_II
Vainakhs
Nakh peoples are a group of historical and modern ethnic groups speaking (or historically speaking) Nakh languages and sharing certain cultural traits. In modern days, they reside almost completely in the North Caucasus, but historically large areas of the South Caucasus may have also been Nakh.
The only healthy, living branch of the Nakh languages are now the Vainakh languages (spoken by the Vainakh peoples, namely Chechens, Ingush and Georgian Kist), due to the extinction of other peoples. The only non-Vainakh modern Nakh people are the Bats people in Northeast Georgia, but they are largely assimilated and their language is highly endangered.
Although the Vainakh are only a branch of Nakh peoples, due to the present day situation where the only well-known Nakh are Vainakh, the words Vainakh and Nakh are frequently confused. Hence the word Vainakh is mistakenly applied to historical non-Vainakh frequently.
The early history of the Nakh peoples has been tentatively reconstructed from linguistic analysis and archaeological evidence.

wn.com/Vainakhs

North Alania(Ossetia)

ossetians.com...

published: 05 Aug 2009

author: cortezawwris

Orthologistes-skane ta alania(2010)

orthologistes 2010 skane ta alania cenobite productions greek hip hop...

published: 31 May 2010

author: xxHipHopgrxx

Vassilis Tsitsanis-Eimaste alania

Στίχοι: Ευτυχία Παπαγιαννοπούλου Μουσική: Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης, Πρώτη εκτέλεση:Βασίλης Τσιτσά...

published: 04 Jun 2008

author: jacksonist

Spartak-Alania - Spartak Moscow

Super Video!!! Vladikavkaz. 1995....

published: 17 Feb 2007

author: AlaniaFC

Alania "Sexy On" Official Video (Full Sequence)

AlaniaMusic.com Twitter ow.ly Facebook: ow.ly iTunes: ow.ly Amazon MP3: ow.ly Directed by:...

published: 30 Apr 2012

author: AlaniaMusicVideos

WELCOME TO NORTH OSSETIA ALANIA

...

published: 17 Sep 2010

author: kolkalek

-Resumen- ☆*R.Zelaya & Alania(Алания) vs Torpedo M(Торпедо М)*☆

Fc alania vladikavkaz vs Torpedo M 1-3 Алания vs Торпедо М 1-3 давайте мы до Алании может ...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: Trucho123123HDtv

Rodolfo Zelaya - first interview in ALANIA

Austrua, Tyrol Cameraman - Vlad Tuaev...

published: 24 Jul 2011

author: ALANIAPRESS

Slogan - Ta Alania

To song "Ta Alania" By Slogan. H klmta gia allh mia fora GAMHSE!! Enjoy & Subscribe...

published: 13 Dec 2008

author: NecroJohnie

Turcja - Alania

...

published: 20 Nov 2011

author: StewalMr

Rodolfo Zelaya in Alania skills,goals & tricks - HD

Fito Zelaya One of the best players in Alania music: Layton & Jaziel Ft. Javiel & Jc - Tu ...

published: 03 Feb 2012

author: AlaniA VZ

Alania

War & Media. Practical training and journalists contest organized by Institute for War & P...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: gkupatadze

bjk-alania

bjk-alania izle...

published: 18 Aug 2011

author: myvideoizle

Rangers 3 - Alania Vladikavkaz 1 - Aug 1996

Rangers met Alania Vladikavkaz in the qualifying round for the 1996 Champions League and w...

published: 02 Dec 2009

author: therangers1872

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photo: AP / Todd Williamson

Jenni Rivera attends a press conference on Friday, Aug. 24, 2012, in Woodland Hills, California.

Lamentan muerte de Jenni Rivera

Yahoo Daily News

10 Dec 2012

MÉXICO, D.F., diciembre 9 (EL UNIVERSAL).- La Voz México, programa de talentos de Televisa, confirmó la muerte de la cantante Jenni Rivera, a través de su Twitter. "Que toquen fuerte las bandas, suelten por mí mariposas, apláudanme con sus palmas... http.//twitpic.com/bkmhl0 .Descanse en paz Jenni Rivera" ... Además, anunció un homenaje luctuoso dedicado a la cantante ... Descanse en Paz" ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

photo: AP / Khalil Hamra

A Syrian gunman shoots in the air during the funeral of 29 year-old Free Syrian Army fighter, Husain Al-Ali, who was killed during clashes in Aleppo, in the town of Marea on the outskirts of Aleppo city, Syria, Thursday, Aug. 9, 2012.

Syrian fighters join forces against al-Assad

Al Jazeera

09 Dec 2012

Syria's rebel leaders have agreed to come under a united command in a bid to integrate diverse fighting groups and streamline the route for arms essential to their struggle against President Bashar al-Assad. The new body, expected to be announced officially on Sunday, hopes to form the basis of a united rebel front ... "It also aims to get the situation under control once the regime falls." ... 378 Source .. Agencies. Share ... News ... Egypt....(size: 18.6Kb)

photo: AP / Maya Alleruzzo

Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi is seen during a photo opportunity in his office at the presidential palace in Cairo, Egypt

Egypt: President Morsi cancels decree that sparked protests

IBN Live

09 Dec 2012

Cairo. Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi has cancelled a decree that gave him sweeping powers and sparked huge protests, but did not delay a referendum on a constitution as his opponents had demanded ... Video Photo Gallery ....(size: 1.2Kb)

photo: AP / Vahid Salemi

File - Iranian worshippers listen to a sermon during Friday prayers as an Iranian flag flutters at Tehran University, in Tehran, Iran, Friday, July 6, 2012.

Can Saudi Arabia and Iran Reestablish the Medina Pact?

WorldNews.com

07 Dec 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. The in- and out-fighting between present-day Saudi Arabia and Iran is a mirror image of what occurred to Prophet Muhammad's Islamic Movement right after his death ... Still, and due to prosperity and wealth, an influx of trade goods, religious toleration, an emphasis on learning, and increased food supplies, Islam was becoming a vast empire ... Recent U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com)....(size: 7.5Kb)

photo: AP / Gustavo Ferrari

File - Islamist, nationalist and liberal opposition groups carry a large national flag as they gather to protest the Kuwait government's amendment of the electoral law and support a boycott on the country's election on Friday, Nov. 30, 2012 in Kuwait City.

Thousands protest in Kuwait City

Al Jazeera

09 Dec 2012

Tens of thousands of Kuwaitis have staged a peaceful protest against the parliament elected last week under voting rules deemed unfair by the opposition. The opposition supporters demonstrated for the second week in a row as police watched the protest without interfering on Saturday ... The opposition says the amendments of the electoral law enables the government to control the outcome of polls ... 349 Source .. Agencies. Share ... News ... ....(size: 18.5Kb)

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Kuranyi Brace Lifts Dynamo Past Terek

Novosti

09 Dec 2012

MOSCOW, December 9 (R-Sport) – Ex-Germany striker Kevin Kuranyi struck twice Saturday as Dynamo Moscow pulled out a 2-1 win at Terek Grozny, continuing their impressive revival under Dan Petrescu ... Petersburg in mid-November ... On Saturday, FC Volga scored a surprise 1-0 away win over Lokomotiv Moscow, Alania Vladikavkaz drew 0-0 at nine-man FC Kuban, and Krylya Sovetov bagged a first win in 11 matches by beating Amkar Perm 2-0 ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)

Alania Score Point at 9-Man Kuban

Novosti

08 Dec 2012

KRASNODAR, Russia, December 8 (R-Sport) - Alania Vladikavkaz scored their first point in eight matches on Saturday with a 0-0 draw at nine-man FC Kuban. Kuban join fourth-placed Terek on 32 points, while Alania remain second from bottom, going to 11 points ... Alania had defender Aslan Dudiev dismissed with two minutes remaining for a last-man foul ... Later Saturday, FC Volga travel to Lokomotiv Moscow ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)

RPL: Volga Claim Shock 1-0 Win at Lokomotiv

Novosti

08 Dec 2012

MOSCOW, December 8 (R-Sport) - FC Volga scored a surprise 1-0 away win over Lokomotiv Moscow in the Russian Premier League on Saturday, with Shamil Asildarov's header proving decisive ... Earlier Saturday, Alania Vladikavkaz earned their first point in eight games with a 0-0 draw at nine-man FC Kuban, and Krylya Sovetov bagged a first win in 11 matches by beating Amkar Perm 2-0 ... Petersburg vs. second-placed Anzhi Makhachkala ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

RPL: Wanderson Fires Krasnodar Past Rostov

Novosti

07 Dec 2012

MOSCOW, December 7 (R-Sport) - A brace from Brazilian midfielder Wanderson fired FC Krasnodar to a 3-2 win at FC Rostov in the Russian Premier League on Friday ... Rostov's first defeat in five games leaves them in 11th ... Saturday sees a basement battle between Amkar Perm and Krylya Sovetov before FC Kuban host Alania Vladikavkaz and FC Volga travel to Lokomotiv Moscow ... Petersburg vs. second-placed Anzhi Makhachkala....(size: 1.9Kb)

Dinamo end Rubin curse, Grozny up to fourth (FIFA - Fédération Internationale de Football Association)

noodls

01 Dec 2012

Dinamo Moscow clinched their first win over bogey side Rubin Kazan in six years on Saturday with a 3-0 victory in a match played behind closed doors ... German striker Kevin Kuranyi rounded off the scoring with a powerful 18-metre shot under the crossbar ... Lokomotiv Moscow clinched a 1-0 win over Alania Vladikavkaz. Valery Gazzaev was taking charge of Alania after replacing his son Vladimir at the helm earlier this week ... (noodl....(size: 3.1Kb)

Volga, Terek Splutter to 1-1 Draw

Novosti

01 Dec 2012

Strugglers Volga remain 13th after their third draw in a row, on 13 points. Earlier Saturday, Lokomotiv Moscow scored a narrow 1-0 win over strugglers Alania Vladikavkaz, and Dynamo Moscow thumped Rubin Kazan 3-0 to continue a dramatic revival under Dan Petrescu ...   ....(size: 1.2Kb)

Dynamo Cruise to 3-0 Win Over Rubin

Novosti

01 Dec 2012

MOSCOW, December 1 (R-Sport) - Dynamo Moscow cruised to a 3-0 win over Rubin Kazan on Saturday in a Russian Premier League game played behind closed doors. Supporters were banned from Arena Khimki following an incident in which Dynamo goalkeeper Anton Shunin was injured by a flare thrown from the stands earlier this month ... Later Saturday, Lokomotiv Moscow travel to Alania Vladikavkaz and FC Volga entertain Terek Grozny ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)

North Ossetia policemen to add unique collection to Russia’s Museum Fund (Government of the Russian Federation)

noodls

30 Nov 2012

The policemen received operative information that two citizens of the Republic of Ingushetia were trying to sell antique gold work within the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania ... Press Service of the MIA for the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania distributed by....(size: 1.8Kb)

Martinovich Seals Injury-Time Win for Krasnodar

Novosti

30 Nov 2012

The game looked to be heading for a draw when Yevgeny Shipitsin slid in low to direct Joaozinho's cross past Alexander Belenov in the Kuban goal on 85 minutes ... On Saturday, Dynamo Moscow host Rubin Kazan, Lokomotiv Moscow travel to Alania Vladikavkaz and FC Volga entertain Terek Grozny ...   ....(size: 1.4Kb)

How to write historical fiction about the Altai and Central Asia

The Examiner

28 Nov 2012

Sacramento novelists have begun to portray medieval Central Asia, the Altai, the Caucasus, and the Silk Road in fiction with time-travel novels such as Adventures in my Beloved Medieval Alania, and Beyond, about the various tribes of the Altai, Caucasus, Steppes, and the Silk Road migrations, battles, resolutions, and time travel between the 10th ......(size: 53.7Kb)

Belarus midfielder Bressan joins Alania from BATE

The Guardian

26 Nov 2012

MOSCOW, Nov 26 (Reuters) - Belarus international Renan Bressan is poised to join Alania Vladikavkaz from Belarus champions BATE Borisov, the Russian Premier League club said on Monday. "Bressan has signed a 3-1/2-year contract with Alania ... become a full member of our team after completing a medical," the club said on their website (www.fc-alania.ru)....(size: 8.7Kb)

Ten-Man Volga Hold Rubin to Draw

Novosti

26 Nov 2012

Later Monday, Zenit St ... On Friday, FC Rostov beat a woeful Mordovia Saransk side 2-0. Saturday saw Terek Grozny beat Alania Vladikavkaz 1-0 before Lokomotiv Moscow defeated FC Krasnodar 3-2, and on Sunday Dynamo Moscow ended Spartak Moscow coach Unai Emery's reign with a 5-1 thrashing before FC Kuban thumped Krylya Sovetov 4-1....(size: 1.5Kb)

Zenit, CSKA Draw in Empty Stadium

Novosti

26 Nov 2012

Petersburg on Monday in a match played behind closed doors ... Saturday saw Terek Grozny beat Alania Vladikavkaz 1-0 before Lokomotiv Moscow defeated FC Krasnodar 3-2, and on Sunday Dynamo Moscow ended Spartak Moscow coach Unai Emery's reign with a 5-1 thrashing before FC Kuban thumped Krylya Sovetov 4-1 ...   ....(size: 1.6Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

For other uses, see Alania (disambiguation).

1 History
- 1.1 Invasions by the Caliphate
- 1.2 Alliance with Khazaria
2 Later history
3 Legacy
4 Sources
5 References

Map showing the location of Alania, c. 650 CE.

Alania was a medieval kingdom of the Alans (proto-Ossetians)^[1] that flourished in the Northern Caucasus, roughly in the location of latter-day Circassia and modern North Ossetia–Alania, from the 8th or 9th century until its destruction by the Mongol invasion in 1238-39. Its capital was Maghas, and it controlled a vital trade route through the Darial Pass.

History [link]

Further information: History of North Ossetia–Alania

The Alans (Alani) originated as an Iranian-speaking^[1] subdivision of the Sarmatians. They were split by the invasion of the Huns into two parts, the European and the Caucasian. The Caucasian Alans occupied part of the North Caucasian plain and the foothills of the main mountain chain from the headwaters of the Kuban River in the west to the Darial Gorge in the east.^[2]

Invasions by the Caliphate [link]

Alania was an important buffer state during the Byzantine-Arab Wars and Khazar-Arab Wars of the 8th century. Theophanes the Confessor left a detailed account of Leo the Isaurian's mission to Alania in the early 8th century. Leo was instructed by Emperor Justinian II to bribe the Alan leader Itaxes into severing his "ancient friendship" with the Kingdom of Abkhazia which had allied itself with Caliph Al-Walid I.^[3] He crossed the mountain passes and concluded an alliance with the Alans, but was prevented from returning to Byzantium through Abasgia. Although the Abkhazians spared no expense to have him imprisoned, the Alans refused to convey the Byzantine envoy to his enemies. After several months of adventures in the Northern Caucasus, Leo extricated himself from the precarious situation and returned to Constantinople.

After Leo assumed the imperial title, the land of his mountaineer allies was invaded by Umar II's forces. A Khazar chieftain, Barjik, hastened to their succor and, in 722, the joint Alan-Khazar army inflicted a defeat on the Arab general Tabit al-Nahrani. The Khazars erected Skhimar and several other strongholds in Alania at this period. In 728 Maslamah ibn Abd al-Malik, having penetrated the Gate of the Alans, devastated the country of the Alans. Eight years later, Marwan ibn Muhammad passed by the Gate in order to ravage the forts in Alania. In 758, as Ibn al-Faqih reports, the Gate was held by another Arab general, Yazid ibn Usayd.

Alliance with Khazaria [link]

Surviving architectural monuments of the Alanian kingdom include three churches in Arkhyz, the Shoana Church, and the Senty Church.

As a result of their united stand against the successive waves of invaders from the south, the Alans of the Caucasus fell under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate. They remained staunch allies of the Khazars in the 9th century, supporting them against a Byzantine-led coalition during the reign of the Khazar king Benjamin. According to the anonymous author of the Schechter Letter, many Alans were during this period adherents of Judaism. However, in the early 10th century, the Alans fell under the influence of the Byzantine Empire, possibly due to the conversion of their ruler to Christianity. The conversion is documented in the letters of Patriarch Nicholas Mysticus to the local archbishop, whose name was Peter.

When Ibn Rustah visited Alania at some point between 903 and 913, its king was by then Christian. The Persian traveller came to Alania from Sarir, a Christian kingdom immediately to the east^[4]:

You go to the left from the kingdom of Sarir and, after three days of journey through mountains and meadows, arrive in the kingdom of Al-Lan. Their king is Christian at heart, but all his people are idolaters. Then you travel for ten days among rivers and woods before arriving at a fortress called the "Gate of the Alans". It stands on the top of a mountain at the foot of which there is a road; high mountains surround it and a thousand men from among its inhabitants guard its walls day and night.

—^[5]

The Byzantines, who had adopted an anti-Khazar foreign policy, involved the Alans in a war against the Khaganate during the reign of the Khazar ruler Aaron II, probably the early 920s. In this war the Alans were defeated and their king captured. According to Muslim sources such as al-Mas'udi (943/56), the Alans abandoned Christianity and expelled the Byzantine missionaries and clergy roughly contemporaneously with these events. Aaron's son married the daughter of the Alan king and Alania was re-aligned with the Khazars, remaining so until the collapse of the Khaganate in the 960s.

Later history [link]

After the downfall of Khazaria, the Alan kings frequently allied with the Byzantines and various Georgian rulers for protection against encroachments by northern steppe peoples such as the Pechenegs and Kipchaks. John Skylitzes reports that Alda of Alania, after the death of her husband, "George of Abasgia" (i.e., George I of Georgia), received Anakopia as a maritime fief from Emperor Romanus III.^[6] This happened in 1033, the year when the Alans and the Rus sacked the coast of Shirvan in modern-day Azerbaijan. Alania is not mentioned in East Slavic chronicles, but archaeology indicates that the Alans maintained trade contacts with the Rus' principality of Tmutarakan. There is a stone grave cross, with a Cyrillic inscription from 1041, standing on the bank of the Bolshoi Yegorlyk River in present-day Stavropol Krai, immediately north of Alania.^[7] Two Russian crosses, datable to ca. 1200, were discovered by archaeologists in Arkhyz, the heartland of medieval Alania.^[8]

Despite her name, Empress Maria of Alania (on the right side), the wife of Michael VII and Nicephorus III, was only Alan on the side of her mother. Her maternal uncle was king Dorgolel of Alania.

The Alans and Georgians probably collaborated in the Christianization of the Vainakhs and Dvals in the 12th and 13th centuries, Georgian missionaries were active in Alania^[2] and the Alan contingents were frequently employed by the Georgian monarchs against their Muslim neighbors. The Alanian-Georgian alliance was cemented in the 1060s, when the Alans struck across Muslim Arran and sacked Ganja. In the 1120s King David the Builder of Georgia visited the Darial to reconcile the Alans with the Kipchaks, who thereupon were allowed to pass through Alania to the Georgian soil. David's son, Demetre I, also journeyed, c. 1153, to Alania accompanied by the Arab historian Ibn al-Azraq. The alliance culminated in 1187, when the Alanian prince David Soslan married Queen Tamar of Georgia, with their descendants ruling Georgia until the 19th century. The medieval Alanian princesses also married Byzantine and Russian Rurikid rulers more than once. For instance, Maria the Ossetian, who founded the Convent of Princesses in Vladimir, was the wife of Vsevolod the Big Nest and grandmother of Alexander Nevsky.

In the late 1230s all three Christian powers - Alania, Georgia, and Vladimir-Suzdal - fell before the Mongol invaders. Bishop Theodore of Alania described the plight of his metropolis in a lengthy epistolary sermon written during the tenure of Patriarch Germanus II (1222–40). The wars of Timur in the 14th century inflicted the final blow on Alania and decimated its population. Those who survived being killed or enslaved by the Mongols and Timur's armies, broke up into three groups. One retreated into the foothills and valleys of the central Caucasus and produced the two principal Ossetian groups, Digor and Iron. Another group of Alans migrated with the Kipchaks into Eastern Europe and preserved their language and ethnic identity as the Jassic people until the 15th century. The third group joined the Mongol horde and soon disappeared from history.^[2]

Legacy [link]

In the last years of the Soviet Union, as nationalist movements swept throughout the Caucasus, many intellectuals in the North Ossetian ASSR called for the revival of the name "Alania". A leading Ossetian philologist, T.A. Guriev, was the main advocate of this idea, insisting that the Ossetians should accept the name of the Alans as their self-designation and rename North Ossetia into Alania. The term "Alania" quickly became popular in Ossetian daily life through the names of various enterprises, a TV channel, political and civic organizations, a publishing house, a soccer team, an airline company etc. In November 1994, the name of "Alania" was officially added to the republican title (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania).^[9]

Sources [link]

Kuznetsov V. A. Ocherki istorii alan. Vladikazvkaz, 1992.
Pletneva, Svetlana. Ot kochevii k gorodam. Moscow, 1967.

References [link]

^ ^a ^b Great Soviet Encyclopedia
^ ^a ^b ^c Bailey, Harold Walter. Alans. Encyclopædia Iranica Online Edition. Accessed on August 20, 2007.
^ Alemany, Agusti. Sources of the Alans: A Critical Compilation. Brill Publishers, 2000. ISBN 90-04-11442-4. Pages 200-204.
^ Al-Mas'udi notes that the Alanian king married a sister of the king of Sarir.
^ Quoted from: Alemany, page 260.
^ Alemany, page 7.
^ Kuznetsov, X-II.
^ Kuznetsov, X-I.
^ Shnirelman, Victor (2006). The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus. Acta Slavica Iaponica 23, pp. 37-49.

http://wn.com/Alania

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http://ru.wn.com/Алания

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alania

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Rodolfo Zelaya

Rodolfo Zelaya at Alania

Personal information

Full name

Rodolfo Antonio Zelaya García

Date of birth

July 3, 1988 (age 23)

Place of birth

Usulután, El Salvador

Height

1.74 m (5 ft 9 in)

Playing position

Second striker

Club information

Current club

Alania Vladikavkaz

Number

Youth career

2001

C.D. Alacrán

2004

San Rafael

2004–2005

Atlético La Merced

Senior career*

Years

Team

Apps^†

(Gls)^†

2006–2007

Intipucá

(27)

2008

Chalatenango

(8)

2008–2009

Alianza

(8)

2009

→ León (loan)

(1)

2009–2010

León

(0)

2010

→ Alianza (loan)

(14)

2011

Alianza

(13)

2011–

→ Alania Vladikavkaz

(3)

2011–

Alania Vladikavkaz

National team^‡

2008–

El Salvador

(13)

Honours

Alianza F.C.
Winner	Clausura	2011
Runner-up	Apertura	2010

* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 11:59, 31 May 2012 (UTC).

† Appearances (Goals).

‡ National team caps and goals correct as of September 3, 2011

This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Zelaya and the second or maternal family name is García.

Rodolfo Antonio Zelaya García (born July 3, 1988 in Usulután) is a Salvadoran footballer who currently plays for Russian club Alania Vladikavkaz, and internationally for the El Salvador national team.

1 Club career
2 International career
- 2.1 International caps and goals
3 Honors
- 3.1 Club
- 3.2 Individual
4 References
5 External links

Club career [link]

Zelaya started his career playing for C.D. San Rafael in 2004 where he played for one year. The following season, he moved to Atlético La Merced. In July 2006, both Zelaya and Rusvel Saravia were offered contracts to play for one of El Salvadors biggest clubs, C.D. Águila. Unfortunately for both Zelaya and Saravia, they could not come to terms with the club over their proposed salaries, and as a result, the transfer fell through. Zelaya then moved on to play in Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño with A.D. Intipucá. After 2 years with the club, Zelaya caught the attention of C.D. Chalatenango coach Vladan Vićević. After meeting with Vivevic, Zelaya was offered, and accepted a contract to play with his first Primera División club C.D. Chalatenango. Zelaya went on to impress in his first season with the club and grew a fan base with both spectators and reporters for being one of El Salvador's most promising young strikers.

In 2008, Zelaya moved to Alianza F.C. after former C.D. Chalatenango president Lisandro Pohl switched clubs. This switch lead to Pohl taking various players with him to Alianza F.C. whose rights he supposedly owned due to them being bought when he was president at C.D. Chalatenango.

On June 15, 2009, Zelaya was one of the three Salvadoran footballers signed to Mexican club Club León on a loan deal, the other two were Cristian Castillo and Julio Enrique Martínez.^[1] On 3 December 2009, it was announced that Club León had permanently signed Zelaya along with the other two Salvadorans with a three-year contract. On 12 December 2009, it was confirmed by Alianza's own president, Lisandro Pohl, that Zelaya would return to Alianza on a loan deal.^[2] Zelaya later played without a loan deal and participated at the Clausura 2011, where he was top goalscorer with 13 goals to his part. He also had the opportunity to reign champion and score 2 goals at the final to give his team the championship.^[3] On 19 July 2011, Zelaya signed with Russian First Division club FC Alania Vladikavkaz on a loan transfer for six months. Alania may be able to redeem his transfer by January 2012.^[4] On August 9, 2011, Zelaya debuted at the Russian league championship in a match against Torpedo Vladimir as a starter. ^[5]

International career [link]

Zelaya officially received his first cap on April 23, 2008 in a friendly match against China.^[6] He scored his first goal with the national team on September 6, 2008 in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Haiti. This game also saw him score his first hat-trick which lead El Salvador to a 5-0 win against the then Caribbean Nations Cup champions. At the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, Zelaya received two trophies for the best player in the matches against Cuba and Panama.^[7] Overall, Zelaya scored 4 goals being the second top goalscorer of the tournament. Zelaya was noted by Goal.com as being one of the Best XI of the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup — alongside Javier Hernández as forwards.^[8] CONCACAF also noted "Fito" scoring the fifth best goal of the tournament, a decent feat considering 80 goals scored in the tournament.^[9]

International caps and goals [link]

El Salvador's goal tally first.

International appearances and goals
#	Date	Venue	Opponent	Result	Competition	Goals	Minutes played	Extras
1	23 April 2008	Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, United States	China PR	2–2	Friendly	0	11	79'
2	30 May 2008	Robert Fedy Memorial Stadium, Washington, D.C.	Guatemala	0–0	Friendly	0	63	63'
3	26 July 2008	Pizza Hut Park, Dallas, Texas	Jamaica	0–0	Friendly	0	45	45'
4	14 August 2008	Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, Washington, D.C.	Trinidad and Tobago	1–3	Friendly	0	90
5	20 August 2008	Estadio Ricardo Saprissa, San José, Costa Rica	Costa Rica	0–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	17	73'
6	6 September 2008	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	Haiti	5–0	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	3	61	7', 23', 52' 61'
7	10 September 2008	André Kamperveen Stadion, Paramaribo, Suriname	Suriname	2–0	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	67	12' 67'
8	11 October 2008	Stade Sylvio Cator, Port-au-Prince, Haiti	Haiti	0–0	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	10	82'
9	15 October 2008	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	Suriname	3–0	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	1	64	12' 64'
10	22 October 2008	Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, Washington, D.C.	Bolivia	2–0	Friendly	0	21	69'
11	22 January 2009	Estadio Tiburcio Carías Andino, Tegucigalpa, Honduras	Nicaragua	1–1	2009 UNCAF Nations Cup	0	19	71'
12	31 January 2009	Estadio Tiburcio Carías Andino, Tegucigalpa, Honduras	Costa Rica	0–3	2009 UNCAF Nations Cup	0	44	46'
13	11 February 2009	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	Trinidad and Tobago	2–2	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	44	46'
14	28 March 2009	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	United States	2–2	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	79	79'
15	1 April 2009	Estadio Ricardo Saprissa, San José, Costa Rica	Costa Rica	0–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	7	31' 83'
16	27 May 2009	Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, California	Ecuador	3–1	Friendly	0	44	46' 58'
17	30 May 2009	Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, Washington, D.C.	Jamaica	0–0	Friendly	0	?	?'
18	6 June 2009	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	Mexico	2–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	93	63' 90+3'
19	10 July 2009	FIU Stadium, Miami, Florida	Jamaica	0–1	2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup	0	90
20	10 July 2009	Hasely Crawford Stadium, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad and Tobago	0–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	82	82'
21	5 September 2009	Rio Tinto Stadium, Sandy, Utah	United States	1–2	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	90	80'
22	9 September 2009	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	Costa Rica	1–0	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	90	56'
23	4 September 2010	Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, California	Honduras	1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–4 pen.)	Friendly	2	90	42', 90' (pen.)
24	4 September 2010	Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, Washington, D.C.	Guatemala	0–1	Friendly	0	85	85'
25	29 May 2011	Robertson Stadium, Houston, Texas	Honduras	2–2	Friendly	1	83	73' 83'
26	5 June 2011	Cowboys Stadium, Arlington, Texas	Mexico	0–5	2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup	0	79	79'
27	9 June 2011	Bank of America Stadium, Charlotte, North Carolina	Costa Rica	1–1	2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup	1	90	45' 75'
28	12 June 2011	Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois	Cuba	6–1	2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup	2	90	13', 71'
29	19 June 2011	Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, Washington, D.C.	Panama	1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–5 pen.)	2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup	1	90	23' (pen.) 78' (pen.)
30	2 September 2011	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	Dominican Republic	3-2	2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	2	86	54', 78' (pen.) 44' 86'
31	6 September 2011	Truman Bodden Stadium, George Town, Cayman Islands	Cayman Islands	4-1	2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)	0	90

Honors [link]

Club [link]

Alianza

Primera Division Clasura 2011- Winner

Individual [link]

Alania Vladikavkaz Player of the Year 2011
Univision Goal of the Year 2011

References [link]

^ "Martínez, Zelaya y Castillo, hacia México". El Salvador.com. http://www.elsalvador.com/mwedh/nota/nota_completa.asp?idCat=6429&idArt=3731696. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
^ "Zelaya retorna al Alianza" (in Spanish). elgrafico.com. http://archivo.elgrafico.com/index.php?art=29044. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ "Alianza campeón Clausura 2011" (in Spanish). elgrafico.com. http://www.elgrafico.com/gol-nacional/13-gol-nacional/12790-alianza-0-0-fas-primer-tiempo.html. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ "Родольфо Зелая стал игроком "Алании" (видео)" (in Russian). fc-alania.ru. http://www.fc-alania.ru/press/news/rodolfo_zelaya_stal_igrokom_alanii. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ "Протокол матча «Алания» — «Торпедо» Владимир: Россия, Первенство России, ФНЛ 2011, Тур 20 — 1:0" (in Russian). Sportbox.ru. http://news.sportbox.ru/Vidy_sporta/Futbol/Russia/1st_division/stats/turnir_606/game_1298325589. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
^ "International Friendly Matches 2008". RSSSF. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesf/friend-intres2008.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
^ Flores, Gustavo. ""Fito" Zelaya, el arma letal de la Azul [Fito Zelaya, the lethal weapon of the Blue]". elsalvador.com. http://www.elsalvador.com/mwedh/nota/nota_completa.asp?idCat=6377&idArt=5920134. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ Gubala, David. "Gold Cup Best XI: Mexico reigns supreme". goal.com. http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/588/gold-cup/2011/06/27/2550586/gold-cup-best-xi-mexico-reigns-supreme?synpar=yahoo. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
^ CONCACAF

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rodolfo Zelaya

Rodolfo Zelaya – FIFA competition record
El Grafico profile (Spanish)
Rodolfo Zelaya at National-Football-Teams.com
SPORTBOX.ru profile

v t e FC Alania Vladikavkaz – current squad

1 Khomich 2 Gnanou 3 Takazov 4 Dudiyev 5 Dzhioyev 6 Bulgaru 7 R. Gigolayev 9 Khubulov 10 Stoyanov 11 Neco 13 Geteriev 14 Burayev 15 Mashukov 16 Arshiyev 17 Tsarikayev 18 Bazayev 20 Dacosta 22 D. Gigolayev 23 Grigoryev 24 Bakayev 26 Pliyev 27 Khastsayev 28 Priskin 32 Zelaya 33 Gudiyev 36 Grachyov 37 Tursunov 75 Bikmaev 77 Barbarouses 89 Bairyyev Manager: Gazzayev

El Salvador squads

v t e El Salvador squad – 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup

1 Montes 2 Escobar 3 González 4 Henríquez 5 Hernández 6 Martínez 7 Sánchez 8 Osael 9 Corrales 10 Quintanilla 11 Zelaya 12 Salazar 13 Umanzor 14 Alas 15 Pacheco 16 Jiménez 17 Castillo 18 Coreas 19 Reyes 20 Turcios 21 Torres 22 Villalobos 23 Barrera Coach: de los Cobos

v t e El Salvador squad – 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup

1 Montes 2 García 3 González 4 Purdy 5 Turcios 6 Martin 7 R. Sánchez 8 Osael 9 Corrales 10 Quintanilla 11 Zelaya 12 Alvarez 13 Umanzor 14 D. Alas 15 E. Sánchez 16 J. Alas 17 Blanco 18 Portillo 19 Hernández 20 Flores 21 Baires 22 Gómez 23 Anaya Coach: Israel

Persondata
Name	Zelaya, Rodolfo
Alternative names
Short description	Salvadorian footballer
Date of birth	July 3, 1988
Place of birth	Usulután, El Salvador
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Rodolfo_Zelaya

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Scotty McCreery
Scotty McCreery performing in June 2011
Background information
Birth name	Scott Cooke McCreery
Born	(1993-10-09) October 9, 1993 (age 18) Garner, North Carolina, U.S.
Genres	Country
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, piano
Years active	2011–present
Labels	19/Interscope/Mercury Nashville^[1]
Website	Official Site

Scott Cooke "Scotty" McCreery (born October 9, 1993) is an American singer from Garner, North Carolina. He won the tenth season of American Idol on May 25, 2011. His debut studio album, Clear as Day, was released in October 2011 and was certified platinum in the United States. The album includes the top 20 country songs, "I Love You This Big" and "The Trouble with Girls".

1 Early life
2 American Idol
- 2.1 Overview
- 2.2 Performances/Results
3 Post-Idol
- 3.1 Clear as Day (2011)
4 Discography
5 Personal life
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links

Early life [link]

McCreery was born in 1993 to Judy (née Cooke) and Michael McCreery in Garner, North Carolina.^[2]^[3] His mother works as a real estate agent,^[4] and his father works as a manufacturing systems analyst.^[5] His father was born in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico to a Puerto Rican mother from San Juan and an American father.^[6] His mother is the daughter of a retired school teacher from Gates County, NC. He attended Timber Drive Elementary School in Garner,^[5] and later West Lake Middle School where he sang at his graduation. He also attended Garner Magnet High School^[7] where he joined a vocal ensemble, Die Meistersingers, that performs across the United States.^[8] He started out singing tenor.

McCreery won a singing contest called "Clayton Idol" at the Clayton Harvest Festival in Clayton, North Carolina,^[9] and was one of 36 finalists in a "Rip the Hallways" contest featuring teenage vocalists in North Carolina.^[10] He has performed at various local events.^[11] He also attended Caswell Youth Retreat in the summer of 2009, and participated in the talent show there singing Long Black Train by Josh Turner.^[12]

[edit] American Idol

Overview [link]

McCreery auditioned for the tenth season of American Idol in Milwaukee. In the Hollywood group round, he joined the "Guaps" and became embroiled in the drama when fellow group member Clint Jun Gamboa expelled Jacee Badeaux from the group. He later expressed regret for not standing up for Jacee. He was one of the five male vote getters in the semi-final round to advance to the Top 13. In an interview with Ryan Seacrest, McCreery confirmed that he has Puerto Rican ancestry. "Yes, I'm Puerto Rican," said McCreery with a smile. "I have a little bit of J.Lo in me."^[13]

Performances/Results [link]

Episode	Theme	Song choice	Original artist	Order #	Result
Audition	Auditioner's Choice	"Your Man"	Josh Turner	N/A	Advanced
Audition	Auditioner's Choice	"Put Some Drive in Your Country"	Travis Tritt	N/A	Advanced
Hollywood Round, Part 1	First Solo	"Your Man"	Josh Turner	N/A	Advanced
Hollywood Round, Part 2	Group Performance	"Get Ready"	The Temptations	N/A	Advanced
Hollywood Round, Part 3	Second Solo	"I Hope You Dance"	Lee Ann Womack	N/A	Advanced
Las Vegas Round	Songs of The Beatles Group Performance	"Hello, Goodbye"	The Beatles	N/A	Advanced
Hollywood Round Final	Final Solo	"Long Black Train"	Josh Turner	N/A	Advanced
Top 24 (12 Men)	Personal Choice	"Letters from Home"	John Michael Montgomery	8	Advanced
Top 13	Your Personal Idol	"The River"	Garth Brooks	12	Safe
Top 12	Year You Were Born	"Can I Trust You with My Heart"	Travis Tritt	8	Safe
Top 11	Motown	"For Once in My Life"	Stevie Wonder	7	Safe
Top 11¹	Elton John	"Country Comfort"	Elton John	1	Safe
Top 9	Rock & Roll Hall of Fame	"That's All Right"	Arthur Crudup	6	Safe
Top 8	Songs from the Movies	"I Cross My Heart" — Pure Country	George Strait	4	Safe
Top 7	Songs from the 21st Century	"Swingin'"	John Anderson	1	Safe
Top 6	Carole King	Solo "You've Got a Friend"	Carole King	4	Safe
Top 6	Carole King	Duet "Up on the Roof" with Lauren Alaina	The Drifters	6	Safe
Top 5	Songs from Now and Then	"Gone"	Montgomery Gentry	4	Safe
Top 5	Songs from Now and Then	"Always on My Mind"	Brenda Lee	9	Safe
Top 4	Songs That Inspire	"Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"	Alan Jackson	3	Safe
Top 4	Leiber & Stoller Songbook	"Young Blood"	The Coasters	6	Safe
Top 3	Contestant's Choice	"Amazed"	Lonestar	1	Safe
	Jimmy Iovine's Choice	"Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not"	Thompson Square	4
	Judges' Choice	"She Believes in Me"	Kenny Rogers	7
Finale	Favorite Performance	"Gone"	Montgomery Gentry	1	Winner
	George Strait's Choice	"Check Yes or No"	George Strait	3
	Coronation Song	"I Love You This Big"	Scotty McCreery	5

^Note 1 Due to the judges using their one save on Casey Abrams, the Top 11 remained intact for another week, when two contestants were eliminated.

[edit] Post-Idol

McCreery released his coronation single "I Love You This Big" immediately after winning the tenth season of American Idol. The song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 32, becoming the highest debut for a debut single since the chart converted to BDS data the week of January 20, 1990.^[14] The song sold 171,404 units in its first week,^[15] and was certified gold on August 25, 2011. A music video for the song, shot on Angels Point near Dodger Stadium, was released on August 9, 2011.^[16]^[17]

He signed with Mercury Nashville,^[18] earning a contract that gave him over $250,000 in advances for recording the first album.^[19]

Both McCreery and Lauren Alaina were invited to present at the CMT Music Awards on June 8, 2011,^[20] and they also both performed on the Grand Ole Opry on June 10.^[21]^[22] McCreery performed "I Love You This Big" and George Strait's song "Check Yes or No." ^[23] Their trip to Nashville was also featured later in an ABC Special CMA Music Fest: Country’s Night to Rock where McCreery performed "Your Man" with Josh Turner at the CMA Music Festival.^[24]

McCreery toured with the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2011, which began in West Valley City, Utah on July 6, 2011 and ended in Manila,Philippines on September 21, 2011.

GAC premiered a TV special, Introducing: Scotty McCreery, on October 3, 2011, the day before his debut album is expected to be released.^[25]

On October 19, 2011, McCreery sang the National Anthem in Game 1 of the World Series between the St. Louis Cardinals and Texas Rangers at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri.

On November 9, 2011, McCreery performed "Walk in the Country" and announced the CMA Radio Stations of the Year honors at the 45th Annual Country Music Association Awards ^[26]

On November 10, 2011, McCreery joined other country stars in Nashville to tape the CMA Country Christmas special that aired on ABC on December 1.^[27]

On Thanksgiving day of 2011, McCreery performed his second single The Trouble with Girls at the 85th Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City then headlined the Macy’s Great Tree Lighting at Lenox Square Mall in Atlanta in the evening.^[28]

McCreery performed his second single at the 2nd Annual American Country Awards ^[29] on December 5, 2011 and won in the New Artist category ^[29]^[30]

McCreery performed "The First Noel" during the first annual CMA Country Christmas.^[31]

McCreery performed on the Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade at Walt Disney World on December 25, 2011.^[32]

In 2012, he opened for Brad Paisley along with The Band Perry. The tour kicked off on January 12 with tour dates announced for the first quarter of 2012.^[33]

[edit] Clear as Day (2011)

McCreery's first album, titled Clear as Day, was released on October 4, 2011.^[34] Tracks from the album include a song from Keith Urban,^[35] and the title track "Clear as Day".^[36] A single from this album, "The Trouble With Girls" was premiered on radio on August 30, 2011,^[37]^[38] and released onto iTunes on September 1, 2011. An exclusive pre-order package on the album was offered in his website on August 8, 2011.^[39] He is the first artist to be featured in Deluxe Edition Of 'ZinePak available exclusively at Walmart.^[40]

The album sold 197,000 on its debut week, and Scotty McCreery made history as the first country act to debut at No. 1 on Billboard 200 with their first studio album, as well as the youngest man to open at the top of the chart with his debut release.^[41] It reached No. 1 on five separate Billboard charts - Billboard 200, Top Current Albums, Digital Albums, Internet Albums, and Top Country Albums.

McCreery's appearance on Today on November 23, 2011 coincided with the news that his debut album Clear as Day had been officially certified as gold.^[42]

Clear as Day was certified platinum with over 1 million units shipped.^[43]

With McCreery's debut album Clear as Day reaching number one on the Billboard 200, he joins Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Clay Aiken, Carrie Underwood and Chris Daughtry (Daughtry) as the only Idol contestants to have a number one album.

McCreery recorded Tim McGraw's "Please Remember Me" and it was released on March 8, 2012. Also, it is used as the exit song on the eleventh season of American Idol.^[44]

Title	Details	Peak chart positions				Certifications	Sales
Title	Details	US Country	US	CAN	NZ ^[45]	Certifications	Sales
Clear as Day	Release date: October 4, 2011 Label: 19/Interscope Records/ Mercury Nashville Formats: CD, digital download	1	1	4	33	US: Platinum^[46]	US: 1,059,000^[47]

Compilation albums [link]

Title	Details	Peak chart positions				Sales
Title	Details	US Country	US ^[48]	US Indie	CAN	Sales
American Idol Season 10: Scotty McCreery	Release date: May 24, 2011 Label: 19 Formats: Digital download	3	12	3	25	US sales: 42,000^[49]

Extended plays [link]

Title	Details	Peak chart positions			Sales
Title	Details	US Country	US ^[50]	CAN	Sales
American Idol Season 10 Highlights: Scotty McCreery	Released: June 28, 2011 Label: 19/Interscope Records/ Mercury Nashville Formats: CD, digital download	2	10	26	US: 201,000^[51]

Singles [link]

Year	Single	Peak chart positions			Sales	Certifications	Album
Year	Single	US Country ^[52]^[53]	US ^[54]^[55]	CAN	Sales	Certifications	Album
2011	"I Love You This Big"	15	11	21	US: 787,000^[56]	US: Gold^[57]	Clear as Day
2011	"The Trouble with Girls"	17	55	—	US: 676,000^[58]	US: Gold^[59]
2012	"Water Tower Town"^A	46			US: 49,000^[60]

^ACurrent single.^[61]

Other songs [link]

Year	Single	Sales
2012	"Please Remember Me"	US: 58,000^[62]

Music videos [link]

Year	Video	Director
2011	"I Love You This Big"^[63]	Shane Drake
2011	"The Trouble with Girls"^[64]	Roman White

Personal life [link]

McCreery is a professed Christian.^[65]^[66]^[67]

McCreery will soon be attending North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina.^[68]

Awards and nominations [link]

Year	Association	Category	Result
2011	Teen Choice Awards 2011	Choice Music: Breakout Artist	Nominated
2011	American Country Awards	Artist of the Year: New Artist	Won
2012	Academy of Country Music Awards	Best New Artist	Won
	Billboard Music Awards	Top New Artist	Nominated
	Billboard Music Awards	Top Country Album	Nominated
	CMT Music Awards	USA Breakthrough Video of the Year	Pending
	MusicRow Awards	Breakthrough Artist	Pending
	Teen Choice Awards 2012	Choice Male Country	Pending
	Teen Choice Awards 2012	Choice TV: Male Reality Star (American Idol)	Pending

References [link]

^ "Billboard Country Update 5/31/2011". Billboard. May 31, 2011. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/billboardbiz/photos/pdf/country_update_0531.pdf. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
^ "Could He Be The Next American Idol?". The Pilot. February 16, 2011. http://thepilot.www.clients.ellingtoncms.com/news/2011/feb/16/could-he-be-the-next-american-idol/. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
^ "Best Scotty Story". WRAL.com. http://www.wral.com/lifestyles/travel/blogpost/9622991/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "Scotty McCreery: Our Very Own American Idol". Fonville Morisey. March 4, 2011. http://blog.fmrealty.com/2011/03/04/scotty-mccreery-our-very-own-american-idol/. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Everyone in Garner sings Scotty's praise
^ "EXCLUSIVE: Idol Front Runner Scotty McCreery Tells Us What He Has in Common and who With J.Lo". Latina magazine, via YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XKbTTdwNww. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
^ "McCreery moves onto top 40, will find out fate tonight". Garner News. February 25, 2011. http://www.garnernews.net/view/full_story/11597412/article-McCreery-moves-onto-top-40--will-find-out-fate-tonight?instance=home_news_lead. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
^ "Scotty McCreery skips baseball for American Idol". Maxpreps. March 14, 2011. http://www.maxpreps.com/news/7emrwEzdEeCkhgAcxJSkrA/scotty-mccreery-skips-baseball-for-american-idol.htm. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
^ "Deejays recall Garner 'Idol' contestant's early days". WRAL.com. March O1, 2011. http://www.wral.com/entertainment/story/9197593/. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
^ "Garner teen to compete in high school icon competition". GarnerCitizen.com. November 29, 2009. http://www.garnercitizen.com/2009/11/20/garner-teen-to-compete-in-high-school-icon-competition/. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
^ "Garner’s Scotty McCreery takes run at ‘American Idol’". GarnerCitizen.com. January 17, 2011. http://www.garnercitizen.com/2011/01/17/garners-scott-mccreery-may-be-american-idol-contestant/. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
^ "American Idol Finalists, Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery, Credit God « Oracle News". Theoraclemagnews.wordpress.com. 2011-07-06. http://theoraclemagnews.wordpress.com/2011/05/25/american-idol-finalists-lauren-alaina-and-scotty-mccreery-credit-god/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ American Idol: Scotty McCreey Called "True Artist" by Jennifer Lopez, Confirms Puerto Rican Heritage
^ Scotty McCreery Makes Historic Start, Lauren Alaina Bows On Country Songs
^ "Scotty McCreery Makes History With Debut Single, "I Love You This Big"". PR Newswire. June 3, 2011. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/scotty-mccreery-makes-history-with-debut-single-i-love-you-this-big-123094363.html. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
^ 'American Idol' Winner Scotty McCreery Releases Debut Video
^ American Idol Winner Scotty McCreery’s Music Video for “I Love You This Big”
^ "'American Idol': Scotty McCreery and Lauren Alaina sign with Mercury Nashville". zap2it. June 1, 2011. http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2011/06/american-idol-scotty-mccreery-and-lauren-alaina-sign-with-mercury-nashville.html. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
^ "'American Idol' Draft Contracts Reveal Big Paydays for Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina". Associated Press. May 26, 2011. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/legal-and-management/american-idol-draft-contracts-reveal-big-1005205202.story. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
^ Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina pretty much everywhere at CMA Music Fest
^ American Idol Winner Scotty McCreery and Runner-Up Lauren Alaina Make Their Grand Ole Opry Debuts
^ Scotty McCreery Books Opry, Leno, Good Morning America
^ Scotty McCreery & Lauren Alaina: Grand Ole Opry Performances
^ Lauren Alaina, Scotty McCreery Steal the Show at CMA Music Fest
^ Scotty McCreery Already Getting a GAC TV Special
^ "Scotty McCreery Thanks Radio After Singing ‘Walk in the Country’ at 2011 CMA Awards". Tasteofcountry.com. 2011-11-09. http://tasteofcountry.com/scotty-mccreery-walk-in-the-country-2011-cma-awards. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "‘CMA Country Christmas’ Preview: Faith Hill, Scotty McCreery + More Perform". Tasteofcountry.com. 2011-11-11. http://tasteofcountry.com/cma-country-christmas-pictures. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ Posted by countrymusicrocks at 10:24 am (2011-11-24). "Scotty McCreery To Headline Macy's Annual Lenox Square Christmas Tree Lighting". Country Music Rocks. http://www.countrymusicrocks.net/2011/11/scotty-mccreery-to-headline-macys-annual-lenox-square-christmas-tree-lighting.html. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ ^a ^b "Alabama To Be Honored At American Country Awards With 'Greatest Hits Award' |". Allaccess.com. 2011-11-22. http://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/99381/alabama-to-be-honored-at-american-country-awards-w. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "The second annual AMERICAN COUNTRY AWARDS on FOX - News, Press". Theacas.com. 2011-12-05. http://theacas.com/news.aspx. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "Thursday Final Ratings: No Adjustment for ‘Community,’ ‘Bones’ or Any Thursday Original - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/12/02/thursday-final-ratings-no-adjustment-for-community-bones-or-any-thursday-original/112501/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "Scotty McCreery Tapes Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade Segment". Tasteofcountry.com. http://tasteofcountry.com/scotty-mccreery-tapes-disney-christmas-day-parade-segment/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ Oct192011 (1999-02-22). "Brad Paisley Announces 2012 World Tour-Country Music Is Love". Countrymusicislove.com. http://www.countrymusicislove.com/2011/10/brad-paisley-announces-2012-world-tour.html. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ Scotty McCreery and Lauren Alaina Announce Release Date and Title of New Albums
^ Staying country strong
^ Scotty McCreery’s ‘Clear As Day’ Demo Reportedly Discovered Online
^ Scotty McCreery Releases New Single
^ On October 1, 2011, McCrerry filmed music video for "The Trouble with Girl" at his high school in his hometown of Garner, North Carolina. Scotty McCreery debuts new single, 'The Trouble With Girls'
^ Scotty McCreery to Premiere Debut Music Video Next Week
^ 29 September 2011 (2011-09-29). "Scotty McCreery is the First Artist to Be Featured in Deluxe Edition of 'ZinePak". Rough Dog. http://www.roughdog.com/2011/09/29/scotty-mccreery-is-the-first-artist-to-be-featured-in-deluxe-edition-of-zinepak/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ 'American Idol' winner Scotty McCreery Makes History At No. 1 On Billboard 200
^ Published Wednesday, Nov 23 2011, 17:50 GMT (2011-11-23). "'American Idol' Scotty McCreery still deciding on college plans - American Idol News - Showbiz". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/s91/american-idol/news/a352589/american-idol-scotty-mccreery-still-deciding-on-college-plans.html. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "Scotty McCreery's album goes platinum". Content.usatoday.com. 2012-01-10. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/01/scotty-mccreery-platinum/1. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
^ 03/07/2012. "Scotty McCreery - American Idol 11 Exit Song "Please Remember Me" (Snip)". Mjsbigblog.com. http://www.mjsbigblog.com/scotty-mccreery-sings-american-idol-11-exit-song-please-remember-me-snip.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
^ "Discography Scotty McCreery". charts.org.nz. Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Scotty+McCreery. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
^ "American album certifications – Scotty McCreery – Clear as Day". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Clear+as+Day%22. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-05-30). "Haley Reinhart, Kris Allen albums make their chart debuts". Idol Chatter (USA Today). http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/05/haley-reinhart-kris-allen-albums-make-their-chart-debuts/1. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
^ Lady Gaga sells 1.1 million; Scotty McCreery debuts at No. 12
^ Mansfield, Brian (2011-10-12). "Scotty McCreery makes a No. 1 Billboard debut". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2011/10/scotty-mccreery-number-one-billboard/1. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
^ Idol Chatter 07-06-2011
^ "BILLBOARD BLAST: TOP 200 BEST SELLING US ALBUMS OF 2011". This Goes In. 2012-01-05. http://www.thisgoesin.com/billboard-blast-top-200-best-selling-us-albums-of-2011. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
^ "Scotty McCreery Makes Historic Start, Lauren Alaina Bows On Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/scotty-mccreery-makes-historic-start-lauren-1005207362.story. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
^ "Chart Highlights: Kelly Clarkson Debuts on Adult Pop Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/chart-highlights-kelly-clarkson-debuts-on-1005338812.story. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
^ "'Idols' Scotty McCreery & Lauren Alaina Top Hot 100 Debuts, Adele Still No. 1". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/idols-scotty-mccreery-lauren-alaina-top-1005211922.story. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
^ Kelly Clarkson's 'Know It All' Debuts on Hot 100, Rihanna's 'Cheers' Rises
^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-02-22). "Kelly Clarkson rules 'Idol' track sales". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/02/kelly-clarkson-track-sales-idol/1. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
^ "American single certifications – Scotty McCreery – I Love You This Big". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22I+Love+You+This+Big%22. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-04-25). "'Idol' downloads: Clarkson, Underwood, Lambert". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/04/idol-downloads-clarkson-underwood-lambert/1. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
^ "American single certifications – Scotty McCreery – The Trouble with Girls". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22The+Trouble+with+Girls%22. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-04-11). "'Idol' track sales: Kelly Clarkson and more". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/04/idol-track-sales-kelly-clarkson-and-more/1. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
^ "Single Releases". MusicRow. http://www.musicrow.com/calendars-2/single-releases/. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
^ http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/05/phillip-phillips-home-sales/1#.T8bjhdVYuvk
^ "CMT : Videos : Scotty McCreery : I Love You This Big". Country Music Television. http://www.cmt.com/videos/scotty-mccreery/679477/i-love-you-this-big.jhtml. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
^ "The Trouble With Girls - Scotty McCreery | Music Video | VEVO". VEVO. http://www.vevo.com/watch/scotty-mccreery/the-trouble-with-girls/GBE431100079. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
^ "McCreery, Alaina Talk Music, Faith With Rolling Stone, Christian News". Christianpost.com. 2011-06-08. http://www.christianpost.com/news/mccreery-alaina-talk-music-faith-with-rolling-stone-50993/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "Scotty McCreery Wants Faith To Be A Part Of His Album « Nashville Music Scene". Nashville.com. http://www.nashville.com/music/2011/06/scotty-mccreery-wants-faith-to-be-a-part-of-his-album/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "Account Suspended". Scottymccreeryfanpage.com. http://www.scottymccreeryfanpage.com/?p=650. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
^ "Scotty McCreery to Attend North Carolina State University". http://tasteofcountry.com/scotty-mccreery-to-attend-north-carolina-state-university/.

External links [link]

Preceded by Lee DeWyze	American Idol winner 2011	Succeeded by Phillip Phillips

v t e Scotty McCreery

Studio albums	Clear as Day

Singles	"I Love You This Big" "The Trouble with Girls" "Water Tower Town"

Extended plays	American Idol Season 10 Highlights: Scotty McCreery

Related articles	American Idol (season 10) Mercury Nashville 19 Records

v t e American Idol

Seasons	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Hosts	Ryan Seacrest Brian Dunkleman (2002)

Judges	Randy Jackson Paula Abdul (2002–09) Simon Cowell (2002–10) Kara DioGuardi (2009–10) Ellen DeGeneres (2010) Jennifer Lopez (2011–present) Steven Tyler (2011–present)

Winners	Kelly Clarkson Ruben Studdard Fantasia Barrino Carrie Underwood Taylor Hicks Jordin Sparks David Cook Kris Allen Lee DeWyze Scotty McCreery Phillip Phillips

Winners’ singles	"A Moment Like This" "Flying Without Wings" "I Believe" "Inside Your Heaven" "Do I Make You Proud" "This Is My Now" "The Time of My Life" "No Boundaries" "Beautiful Day" "I Love You This Big" "Home"

Runners-up	Justin Guarini Clay Aiken Diana DeGarmo Bo Bice Katharine McPhee Blake Lewis David Archuleta Adam Lambert Crystal Bowersox Lauren Alaina Jessica Sanchez

Other alumni	Josh Gracin Jennifer Hudson Elliott Yamin Chris Daughtry Kellie Pickler

Spin-offs	From Justin to Kelly American Juniors Christmas Extra Rewind

Concert tours	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Related articles	Alumni album sales Alumni awards and nominations Alumni in film, television and theater Alumni single sales Compilation series Controversies Discography Episodes Hot 100 singles Idol Gives Back Idol series Magazine The American Idol Experience Video game World Idol Interscope Records Jimmy Iovine

v t e American Idol season 10

Finalists	Scotty McCreery Lauren Alaina Haley Reinhart James Durbin Jacob Lusk Casey Abrams Stefano Langone Paul McDonald Pia Toscano Naima Adedapo Thia Megia Karen Rodriguez Ashthon Jones

Other sources	Episode list Tour "I Love You This Big" "Like My Mother Does"

Persondata
Name	McCreery, Scotty
Alternative names
Short description	Singer
Date of birth	October 9, 1993
Place of birth	Garner, North Carolina, United States
Date of death
Place of death

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