It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Appropriation bill#United Kingdom. (Discuss) Proposed since April 2011.

An Appropriation Act is an Act of Parliament passed by the United Kingdom Parliament which, like a Consolidated Fund Act, allows the Treasury to issue funds out of the Consolidated Fund. Unlike a Consolidated Fund Act, an Appropriation Act also "appropriates" the funds, that is allocates the funds issued out of the Consolidated Fund to individual government departments and Crown bodies.^[1]

Format[link]

Each Appropriation Act has a series of schedules which contain tables that set out how the monies issued out of the Consolidated Fund are appropriated. Each department or body which has money appropriated is noted in the tables which contain columns setting out the things the money appropriated may be spent on, the net resources authorised for use, the grants out of the Consolidated Fund, the operating appropriations in aid and the non-operating appropriations in aid. The money may not be spent for purposes other than that it is appropriated for and it must be spent by the end of the fiscal year covered by that appropriation or returned to the Consolidated Fund.^[1]

The typical structure of such an act begins with the long title, which defines which financial years the act applies to. This is followed by the preamble, which is different from the normal British public general Act of Parliament preamble in that it includes additional text before the normal preamble:^{[citation needed]}

Whereas the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled have resolved to authorise the use of resources and the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund towards making good the supply which they have granted to Her Majesty in this Session of Parliament:—

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

Until 2000 an older form of preamble was used:^{[citation needed]}

Most Gracious Sovereign, WE, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled, towards making good the supply which we have cheerfully granted to Your Majesty in this Session of Parliament, have resolved to grant unto Your Majesty the sums hereinafter mentioned; and do therefore most humbly beseech Your Majesty that it may be enacted and be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

Each Appropriation Act typically covers two or more fiscal years, and will normally repeal earlier Appropriation Acts and Consolidated Fund Acts still on the statute books.^[1]

See also[link]

• List of short titles

References[link]

Notes

Bibliography

• Bradley, A. W. & Ewing, K. D. (2003). Constitutional and Administrative Law (13th ed. ed.). London: Pearson. pp. 202–203. ISBN 0582438071. 

Further reading[link]

• HM Treasury (2000). Government Accounting: A Guide on Accounting and Financial Procedures. Stationery Office Books. ISBN 0-11-702668-9. 

External links[link]

• "Appropriation Act 2008". Office of Public Sector Information. http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2008/ukpga_20080003_en_1. Retrieved 2008-12-04. 

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Frank Wolf
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 10th district
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 1981
Preceded by	Joe Fisher
Personal details
Born	(1939-01-30) January 30, 1939 (age 73) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Carolyn Stover
Residence	Vienna, Virginia
Alma mater	Penn State University, Georgetown University Law Center
Occupation	Attorney
Committees	House Appropriations Committee
Religion	Presbyterian
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1962-1967

Frank Rudolph Wolf (born January 30, 1939) is the U.S. Representative for Virginia's 10th congressional district, serving since 1981. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Early life, education, and early political career[link]

Wolf was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He overcame a speech impediment, a stutter, early in life.^[1] He attended Pennsylvania State University where he was a member of Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity and earned a degree in political science. He received a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center. He then joined the United States Army as a reservist and became a lawyer for the military.

Wolf got his start in politics when he became a legislative assistant to U.S. Representative Edward Biester, beginning in 1968. From 1971 to 1975, Wolf served as an assistant to Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton.

U.S. House of Representatives[link]

1981, Congressional Pictorial Directory, Wolf as a first term Congressman

Elections[link]

Wolf first ran for Congress in 1976 for Virginia's 10th congressional district, losing in the Republican primary. In 1978, he won the Republican nomination, but lost the general election incumbent Democrat U.S. Congressman Joseph L. Fisher 53%-47%.^[2] In 1980, Wolf ran again and defeated Fisher in a rematch 51%-49%.^[3]

In 1982, Wolf won re-election with just 53% of the vote.^[4] Since then, he's never won re-election with less than 57% of the vote.^[5]

The 10th District has seen extensive changes since Wolf took office. Initially a purely Northern Virginia district covering Fairfax, Arlington, and Loudoun counties, the 1990 redistricting by a Democratic Virginia General Assembly moved the district away from Arlington to the west and south to allow for the creation of a new congressional district. They also gerrymandered Wolf and U.S. Congressman George Allen into the same district. Allen chose not to challenge Wolf, instead running for Governor of Virginia in 1993. The district kept approximately the same complexion after the 2000 apportionment by a Republican Virginia General Assembly, but lost territory in the outlying areas of the district to allow for population growth in Fairfax and Loudoun. Today, the Fairfax portion of the district holds about 40% of the population, Loudoun county holds 30%, and the remainder of the district at 30%.

2006

In his bid for re-election in 2006, he defeated Democrat Judy Feder 57%-41%. This was his worst re-election performance since 1982.^[6]

2008

He defeated Feder in a rematch 59%-39%.^[7][8]

2010

Wolf defeated Democrat Jeff Barnett 63%-35%.^[9]

Tenure[link]

Wolf has been especially prominent in three areas: transportation, human rights, and gambling. He is the current co-chair of the US Congress Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission, formerly the Human Rights Caucus.^[10]

The National Rifle Association gives him a A- and the American Civil Liberties Union gives him a 0%. Some other rankings include 0% from Clean Air Flow Energy, 100% from National Right to Life, 0% from the Human Rights Coalition, 17% from the National Educational Association, 5% from the League of Conservation Voters, 92% from the United States Border Control and 10% by the Alliance for Retired Americans.

Human rights

Wolf has traveled extensively to places around the world where people are suffering, including five times to the Sudan since 1989. He has advocated for relief of the genocide in Darfur.^[11] He has also convened conferences in his district to address human rights issues around the world.

After the trial of the leadership of the Bahá'í community of Iran was announced on February 11, 2009^[12] Wolf voiced he was deeply disturbed over the "systematic persecution" of the Bahá'ís.^[13] On February 13 Wolf offered a resolution on the subject of the trial of the Iranian Bahá'í leadership co-sponsored by seven others in H. RES. 175 - "Condemning the Government of Iran for its state-sponsored persecution of its Baha'i minority and its continued violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights" which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.^[14] The situation has gathered international attention including defense of Nobel Laureate attorney Shirin Ebadi in June^[15] after she received threats in April warning her against making speeches abroad, and defending Iran's minority Baha'i community^[16] - see Arrest of Bahá'í leaders.

On September 30, 2010, Wolf spoke against human trafficking during a Black Women United for Action conference at Mount Vernon, George Washington's historic home.

Wolf has vocally criticized the human rights record of China.^[17] Around the time of the 1995 International Women's Conference in Beijing, Wolf called for the MFN status of China to be revoked alleging that human fetuses were considered a delicacy in China .^[18] He was one of the leading congressman trying to stop the grant of permanent MFN status to China in 1999. ^[19] When Wolf and Congressman Chris Smith were in Beijing shortly before the 2008 Summer Olympics, the Chinese security service prevented them from a dinner meeting with local human rights lawyers.^[20]

In the 2011 United States federal budget, Wolf inserted a clause prohibiting NASA and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy from any joint scientific activity with China for the remainder of the 2011 fiscal year. Wolf remarked, "We don't want to give them the opportunity to take advantage of our technology, and we have nothing to gain from dealing with them. And frankly, it boils down to a moral issue. ... Would you have a bilateral program with Stalin?"^[21] This prohibition resulted in Chinese journalists being denied access to the launching of Space Shuttle Endeavour on the mission STS-134, which was carrying the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer which was built in part by Chinese scientists.^[22]

Iraq War

During the Bush administration, Wolf voted consistently the President's positions. For example, Wolf voted in favor of military action in Iraq in 2002. He also voted to make the Patriot Act permanent, opposed requiring Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act warrants for wiretaps within the United States, and supported the president in restricting congressional oversight for CIA interrogations.^[11]

However, in March 2006, Congress, at Wolf's suggestion by inserting an earmark into a supplemental appropriation bill, and in a breach with the Bush administration, announced the creation of the Iraq Study Group to reassess the U.S. strategy in Iraq.^[23][24]

Social issues

Wolf believes abortion should be illegal and he opposes subsidized birth control for federal employees. Congressman Wolf has also voted to deny funding to Planned Parenthood. He also opposes funding for international family planning in developing countries. Frank Wolf is against the Employment Non-Discrimination Act for fear it would destroy religious freedom. He believes marriage is between one man and one woman.

Committee assignments[link]

• Committee on Appropriations
  • Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (Chairman)
  • Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies

Caucus memberships[link]

• Congressional Human Rights Caucus (Co-Chair)
• International Conservation Caucus
• Sportsmen's Caucus

In the 109th Congress, Wolf was chairman of Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, and its ranking minority member in the 110th. He is co-chairman of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus with Jim McGovern, who replaced the late Tom Lantos.^[25] Wolf is a member of the Moderate Republican Main Street Partnership.

Electoral history[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Frank Wolf

• Congressman Frank R. Wolf official U.S. House site
• Congressman Frank Wolf official campaign site
• Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Congressional profile at GovTrack
• Congressional profile at OpenCongress
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
• Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Appearance on YouTube at Ethnic Community Campaign Rally, VA, September 9, 2006
• Appearance on YouTube at GOP Civic Picnic at Vint Hill, September 16, 2006
  • Part 2 on YouTube