Nicola is an ancient (but still very common) Italian male personal name (from the Greek and Byzantine Νικόλαος) derived from Nichos meaning "victory," and laos meaning "people," therefore implying the meaning "winner of the people." The English form of the same name is Nicholas.

Nicola was a frequently given male personal name among the traditional Italian nobility, and was used often in the Middle Ages. In the UK, Poland, and Germany, the male form Nicola has been used as a female name, which originally came from incorrectly presuming the name's vowel ending 'a' was the female form, as has also occurred with the male given name Andrea (also an Italian male personal name from the Greek meaning 'manly.') The female form of Nicola in Italian is Nicoletta. An excellent reference for the name form and biblical history is The Golden Legend or Lives of the Saints. Compiled by Jacobus de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, 1275. First Edition Published 1470.

Name Days[link]

• 29th August (Czech) and (Slovak)
• 21st March and 10th September (Hungarian)
• 6th December (Italian), (German) and (Dutch)

See also[link]

• List of people known as Nicola
• Nicola (chief), important First Nations political figure in the fur trade era of the British Columbia Interior
• Nicoleta Alexandru, singer (stage name Nicola) who represented Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2003

Other:

• Nicola (people), an extinct Athapaskan people of the Nicola Valley in British Columbia, Canada, and a modern alliance now residing there
• Nicola (magazine), a Japanese magazine
• "Nicola", a composition by British musician Steve Race, named for his daughter

Notable people with the given name Nicola:

• Nicola Berti, Italian footballer
• Nicola De Souza, fictional character on the ITV soap opera Emmerdale
• Nicola Calipari, Italian military intelligence officer with the rank of Major General
• Nicola Conte, Italian DJ and producer
• Nicola Fairbrother, British judoka
• Nicola Filippo, American Artist
• Nicola Pagett, English actress best known for her role as Elizabeth Bellamy in the 1970s television drama series Upstairs Downstairs
• Nicola Piovani, classical musician
• Nicola Pisano, Italian sculptor
• Nicolà Rescigno, opera conductor
• Nicola Roberts, British popstar, member of Girls Aloud
• Nicola Smith, English bridge player
• Nicola Smith (footballer), New Zealand international football player

See also[link]

• School District 58 Nicola-Similkameen
• Thompson-Nicola Regional District, British Columbia
• Nicola Tribal Association, the formal government of the aforementioned Nicola peoples
• Nicola River, a river in British Columbia, Canada
• Nicola Country, a region of British Columbia around the river of the same name
• Nicola Lake, a lake near the upper reaches of the river
• Lower Nicola, British Columbia, a community on the Nicola River
• Upper Nicola, British Columbia, a community at Nicola Lake
• the Shackan First Nation, aka the Lower Nicola Indian Band, is a government of the Nicola Tribal Association
• Upper Nicola Indian Band, a government of the Nicola Tribal Association
• Nicola Hunt, researcher
• Nicola Zimmer, amazing female basketball player from Washington D.C. at Dartmouth College

The given name Nicola may refer to:

Music[link]

• Nicola is a singer who represented Romania at the 2003 edition of the Eurovision Song Contest
• Nicola Conte, Italian DJ and producer
• Nicola Piovani, classical musician
• Nicola Roberts, British popstar, member of Girls Aloud
• Nicola Roberts, Italian singer

Sports[link]

• Nicola Amoruso, Italian soccer player
• Nicola Berti, Italian soccer player
• Nicola Fairbrother, British judoka
• Nicola Larini, racing driver
• Nicola Legrottaglie, Italian soccer player
• Nicola Pozzi, Italian soccer player
• Nicola Smith, English bridge player
• Nicola Smith (footballer), New Zealand international soccer player

Arts[link]

• Nicola Filippo, American artist
• Nicola Pagett, English actress
• Nicola Peltz, American child actress
• Nicola Pisano, Italian sculptor
• Nicolà Rescigno, opera conductor
• Nicola Tappenden (born 1982), British glamour model

Other[link]

• Nicola (magazine), a Japanese magazine

People with Nicola as the full name

• Nicola (chief), important First Nations political figure in the fur trade era of the British Columbia Interior

Notable people with the surname Nicola:

• Lewis Nicola, author of the Newburgh letter
• Nicola (people), an extinct Athapaskan people of the Nicola Valley in British Columbia, Canada, and a modern alliance now residing there

Notable people with the given name Nicola:

• Nicola De Souza, fictional character on the ITV soap opera Emmerdale
• Nicola Calipari, Italian military intelligence officer with the rank of Major General
• Nicola Licata, Italian American mobster

See also[link]

• Nicole
• School District 58 Nicola-Similkameen
• Thompson-Nicola Regional District, British Columbia
• Nicola Tribal Association, the formal government of the aforementioned Nicola peoples
• Nicola River, a river in British Columbia, Canada
• Nicola Country, a region of British Columbia around the river of the same name
• Nicola Lake, a lake near the upper reaches of the river
• Lower Nicola, British Columbia, a community on the Nicola River
• Upper Nicola, British Columbia, a community at Nicola Lake
• the Shackan First Nation, aka the Lower Nicola Indian Band, is a government of the Nicola Tribal Association
• Upper Nicola Indian Band, a government of the Nicola Tribal Association
• Niccolò
• Nicoletta
• Nicholas
• Nicolas (disambiguation)
• Nikola, a Slavic equivalent
• MV Nicola, a ferryboat located in British Columbia, Canada

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

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Ceremonies, such as baptism, can be used to give names.

A name is a word or term used for identification. Names can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. A personal name identifies a specific unique and identifiable individual person, and may or may not include a middle name. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes, more loosely, called names; an older term for them, now obsolete, is "general names".

The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins also use symbolic names, as has been shown by recent research.^[1] Individual dolphins have distinctive whistles, to which they will respond even when there is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to.

Caution must be exercised when translating, for there are ways that one language may prefer one type of name over another. A feudal naming habit is used sometimes in other languages: the French sometimes refer to Aristotle as "le Stagirite" from one spelling of his place of birth, and English speakers often refer to Shakespeare as "The Bard", recognizing him as a paragon writer of the language. Finally, claims to preference or authority can be refuted: the British did not refer to Louis-Napoleon as Napoleon III during his rule.

Etymology[link]

The word "name" comes from Old English nama; akin to Old High German (OHG) and Sanskrit नामस् (naamas), Latin nomen, and Greek ὄνομα (onoma),^[2] possbly from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *nomn-.^[3]

In mythology[link]

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In Arthurian mythology, part of the code of honor and chivalry practiced by knights was that a knight who lost a duel must reveal his name to the victor. It was considered a breach of honor or decorum to reveal one's name before combat. A frequent topos in the legends is that a defeated knight would, after revealing his name, ask the victor what his name was: if the victor turned out to be a much stronger and more famous knight (e.g. one of Arthur's knights) the loser actually saved face, because he was beaten by a knight already held to be stronger than him, and thus there was no shame in defeat. However, if a strong and powerful knight was defeated, and the victor turned out to be a relatively unknown and not particularly strong knight, it was a grave humiliation.

As a result of this pattern, it was considered extremely odd within the rules of Arthurian society when a knight refused to take off his helmet or reveal his identity, even after he had won a duel. Sometimes this happened because the victorious knight simply did not know his own name, as was the case with Lancelot and Percival during their early careers. This inability to reveal their own names even in victory led many to assume incorrectly that they were trying to insult the vanquished.

A major exception to the rule was Sir Gawain: Gawain considered himself to be the greatest of his uncle Arthur's knights; he felt that his honor was so great that he did not need to hide his name before a duel. Thus at the opening of any duel Gawain would openly announce "I am Gawain", as he expected never to be defeated and so it would not diminish his honor to reveal his name.

In religious thought[link]

In the ancient world, particularly in the ancient near-east (Israel, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and to act, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity.^[4] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as the common understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] name". By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus.) This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern command which will drive the demon away.

Biblical names[link]

In the Old Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful; for example, Adam is named after the "earth" (Adamah) from which he was created. (Genesis 2)

A change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai are renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" when they are told they will be the father and mother of many nations (Genesis 17:4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys of Heaven. (Gospel of Matthew 16).

Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or describe the course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace, and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without warfare. Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget") as a gesture of forgiveness to his brothers for selling him into slavery.

Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known as the child of their father. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse. In a sense, they used their fathers' first names as their own last names, a practice done by most Muslims today. Similar to Jewish names, the "ben" is in place by "bin" or "ibn" for males, "binte", "binti" or "ibnu" for females to Muslims. Sometimes, names include "Al-", "Ali-", "-allah", "-lah/-llah" or "-ullah" as it means "a servant to God" or "God's servant". They would sometimes indicate the place they or their child live in.

Talmudic attitudes[link]

The Babylonian Talmud maintains that names exert a mystical influence over their bearers, and a change of name is one of four actions that can avert an evil heavenly decree, that would lead to punishment after one's death. Rabbinical commentators differ as to whether the name's influence is metaphysical, connecting a person to their soul, or bio-socio-psychological, where the connection affects his personality, appearance and social capacities. The Talmud also states that all those who descend to Gehenna will rise in the time of Messiah. However, there are three exceptions, one of which is he who calls another by a derisive nickname.

Technical names for names[link]

Naming convention[link]

For Wikipedia's own naming conventions see Wikipedia:Article titles

A naming convention is an attempt to systematize names in a field so they unambiguously convey similar information in a similar manner.

Several major naming conventions include:

• In astronomy, planetary nomenclature
• In classics, Roman naming conventions
• In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
• In computer networking, computer naming schemes
• In the sciences, systematic names for a variety of things

Naming conventions are useful in many aspects of everyday life, enabling the casual user to understand larger structures.

Street names within a city may follow a naming convention; some examples include:

• In Manhattan, roads that cross the island from east to west are called "Streets". Those that run the length of the island (North-South) are called "Avenues". Manhattan streets and avenues are numbered, with "1st Street" being near the southern end of the island, and "219th Street" being near the northern end, while "1st Avenue" is near the eastern edge of the island and "12th Avenue" near the western edge.
• In Ontario, numbered concession roads are East-West whereas "lines" are North-South routes.
• In San Francisco at least three series of parallel streets are alphabetically named, e.g. Irving, Judah, Kirkham, Lawton, Moraga, Noriega, Ortega, Pacheco, Quintara, Rivera, Santiago, Taraval, Ulloa, Vicente, Wawona.
• The same tendency is seen in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, where Arlington Street is followed by roads to the west running parallel to it and named Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, Exeter, Fairfield, Gloucester, and Hereford.
• In Washington, DC, East Capitol Street runs east-west through the Capitol. East-west streets moving away from Capitol Street toward both the south (toward the Potomac River) and the north are lettered A, B, C,..., omitting J to avoid confusion on street signs and addresses, but after these are exhausted to the north, the streets are named with simple words in alphabetical order, omitting a few letters such as "x". The first cycle of names consists all of one-syllable words; then followed by a cycle of two-syllable words; then followed by a cycle of three-syllable words, and before these are exhausted, Maryland is reached. (Washington has north-south streets that are numbered, increasing to either side of North Capitol which likewise runs through the Capitol.) Suffixes (NE, SW, etc.) are used to distinguish between (up to four) duplicate addresses. For example 140 D Street SW, to indicate the 140 D Street location southwest of the Capitol
• In Montgomery, Alabama, the old major avenues are named for the Presidents of the United States, in their order of entering office, omitting John Quincy Adams. Hence, these streets are Washington Ave., Adams Ave., Jefferson Ave., Madison Ave., Monroe Ave., Jackson Ave., but not much farther than that. This was just the old plan from a long time ago, and it was eventually dropped. For example, there is not a Buchanan Ave., a Lincoln Ave., or a Johnson Ave.
• In Brampton, Ontario, different sections of town all have streets starting with the same letter and the alphabetical order reflects chronology.
• In Phoenix, Arizona, roads east of Central Avenue are termed streets while those west are avenues. A similar system applies in Nashville, Tennessee, but only to the numbered avenues and streets, west and east of the Cumberland River respectively, all of which run roughly north-south.

Large corporate, university, or government campuses may follow a naming convention for rooms within the buildings to help orient tenants and visitors. Otherwise, rooms may be numbered in some kind of a rational scheme.

Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures, it is common for one syllable in a two syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a grandfather. In certain African cultures, such as in Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family name for his given name, also, giving names such as "Thomas Thomas" (but the names are not European names like this one).

In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the place of birth. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.

Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, after the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.

Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.

Many numbers (e.g. bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, space shuttle flight numbers, even phone numbers all have an internal convention.

Brand names[link]

The process of developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name is often a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.

Literary names[link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012)

In fiction, proper names of people or places are often unique to the work in which they appear. Although, within the work of fiction proper, the name may nonetheless be said to have a certain ethnic origin, the name itself may not actually exist. For example, the character of Ororo Munroe (Storm of the X-Men franchise) is of African descent.^{[citation needed]} Her first name, however is not an authentic African name. Names may also be created to either represent ethnic neutrality or corruption of a name with the passage of time. This is a common technique used by science fiction and fantasy writers who may also employ alternate spellings of existing names. Also, many science fiction operates on the premise that racial and ethnic boundaries will cease to exist in the future thus producing names that appear to be mixes of different ethnic sources.^{[original research?]} Yoshiyuki Tomino (creator of the anime Mobile Suit Gundam) is notable for creating character names that are unusual, exotic, and sometimes silly sounding. Examples include Char Aznable (which is actually based on a real person), Bright Noa, Quess Paraya, and Marvel Frozen. The science fiction writer Isaac Asimov has also created names which may or may not be variants or corruptions of existing or ancient names. Examples include Dors Venabili, R. Daneel Olivaw, and Giskard Reventlov. The Star Wars and Dune franchises contains many character names that juggle existing names with created ones; Leia Organa, Ben Kenobi, Paul Atreides, Vladimir Harkonnen.^{[citation needed][original research?]}

.name domains[link]

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According to Verisign,^[5] the .name top-level domain name (TLD) is designed for individuals to create a presence and make online communications easy and accessible. Not exclusive to registrars, social networking and community sites may also offer .name registration to their members and customers as a value-added service to help establish an individual identity online.^[6]

See also[link]

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• "Names" by Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names
• Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence, Proceedings of The British Academy (104), Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-19-726216-3
• Name and Form - from Sacred Texts Buddhism

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Name

• Kate Monk's Onomastikon (Dictionary of Names) or Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the world throughout the history
• The etymology of first names
• Meaning of Names The etymology of first names
• What is a Name?

Nicola Berti (born 14 April 1967 in Salsomaggiore Terme) is an Italian former footballer whose career spanned three decades.

Biography[link]

In his early years, as a seventeen year old, his debut season was with Parma including the Serie C1 1983–84.

He was a tackling midfielder known for his stamina who was regarded as a linchpin for Internazionale for most of the late 1980s and the 1990s when they were at their best as a force in Italy and mostly abroad, winning the UEFA Cup three times in that period. He scored himself in both the 1991 UEFA Cup Final and the 1994 UEFA Cup Final.

He later had a season in Australia, with Northern Spirit.

International[link]

He played for the Italy national football team in the 1990 World Cup were he played four matches including the third place playoff versus England which Italy won. In the 1994 World Cup, Berti was more established and played in every match on the way to and including the final. He represented Italy on 39 occasions scoring three goals.

Honours[link]

• 1983-84 Serie C
• 1988-89 Scudetto
• 1988-89 Italian Super Cup
• 1990-91 UEFA Cup
• 1992-93 Scudetto Runner-up
• 1993-94 UEFA Cup
• 1994 FIFA World Cup Runner-up
• 1996-97 UEFA Cup Runner-up
• 1997-98 UEFA Cup
• 1998-99 English football league cup.

External links[link]

• Nicola Berti's club stats
• 1990 FIFA World Cup 3rd place play-off
• 1994 FIFA World Cup Final
• World Cup statistics
• Record of Caps

v t e Italy squad – 1990 FIFA World Cup Third Place 1 Zenga 2 Baresi 3 Bergomi (c) 4 De Agostini 5 Ferrara 6 Ferri 7 Maldini 8 Vierchowod 9 Ancelotti 10 Berti 11 De Napoli 12 Tacconi 13 Giannini 14 Marocchi 15 Baggio 16 Carnevale 17 Donadoni 18 Mancini 19 Schillaci 20 Serena 21 Vialli 22 Pagliuca Coach: Vicini

v t e Italy squad – 1994 FIFA World Cup Runners-up 1 Pagliuca 2 Apolloni 3 Benarrivo 4 Costacurta 5 Maldini 6 Baresi (c) 7 Minotti 8 Mussi 9 Tassotti 10 R. Baggio 11 Albertini 12 Marchegiani 13 D. Baggio 14 Berti 15 Conte 16 Donadoni 17 Evani 18 Casiraghi 19 Massaro 20 Signori 21 Zola 22 Bucci Coach: Sacchi

This biographical article related to an Italian association football midfielder born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Heather Peace (born 16 June 1975, Bradford, Yorkshire) is an English actress and musician.

Early Life[link]

Heather was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire. Peace decided to be an actress at an early age and credits her parents for the encouragement they gave her to achieve that goal.^[1] She studied acting at Manchester Polytechnic where she obtained a BA (Hons).

1996 - 2009[link]

Peace's break into television came when she she joined the cast of the long running TV series Emmerdale playing the character Anne Cullen from 1996 to 1997.

Her first professional stage role was in the 1997 Harrogate Theatre production of My Fair Lady where Heather played Eliza Doolittle. Subsequent theatre performances included Miranda in Shakespeare's The Tempest and the same character in the actor musician spoof of the same play titled Return to the Forbidden Planet.^[2]

After leaving Emmerdale, Peace went to have minor roles in The Bill as Joise Clarke and in Dangerfield as the girl in the pub before being cast as the only female fire fighter, Sally 'Gracie' Fields, in the TV series London's Burning from 1998 to 2002. London's Burning was a major TV series attracting some 16 -17 million viewers per episode,^[3] helping make Peace a household name. During this time, Peace made a TV movie called Thunder Road, in which she played Sonia.

Between 2003 and 2005, Peace played minor roles in many television series such as Casualty and Where the Heart Is.

London's Burning established Heather as an action heroine, which was firmly cemented with her next role as SAS sergeant Becca Gallagher in the 2005 series Ultimate Force alongside Ross Kemp. Once again Heather played the only woman in an all male cast.

Following Ultimate Force, Heather starred in the TV series The Chase, written by Kay Mellor. Unlike her previous roles on television she played the part of Fiona Jones, a single mum.

After starring in The Chase, Peace had various roles in television including Coronation Street (she appeared as one of the mountain rescue team that saved Liam Connor when he fell in the Lake District), Heartbeat and Holby City for the second time after her first appearance in 2002. Peace also starred in the film 31 North 62 East as Jill and Kimberly Mandelson.

2010 - present[link]

In 2010, Peace starred in the groundbreaking BBC 3 TV series Lip Service as Detective Sergeant Sam Murray. The series achieved an audience share of 4.4% with some 600,000 viewers watching each of the six episodes. ^[4] The series is about the loves and lives of thirty something lesbians in Glasgow, Scotland. The series also starred Laura Fraser, Ruta Gedmintas and Fiona Button. Filming of the second series finished in July 2011 with a transmission date of Spring 2012. The only thing that creator and producer Harriet Braun has given away about series 2 is that ‘you’ll certainly be seeing a lot more of DS Murray – she’ll definitely be playing a big role.'^[5]

Heather also recently finished filming a brand new role on flagship BBC One drama Waterloo Road, playing the role of Head of English, Nicki Boston in the final part of the seventh series. ^[6] Following a tour of her début album, Peace wiil make the move to Greenock in Scotland to rejoin the cast for filming of the eighth series, set to be broadcast from September 2012. ^[7]

Singing career[link]

In addition to being a successful actress, Heather is also an accomplished singer/songwriter who has been playing piano since she was six years old and guitar since her teens. In 2000 audiences got a glimpse of Heather’s singing voice when she sang her version of the Bette Midler classic The Rose in an episode of London’s Burning. The single was subsequently released by BMG and reached no. 56 in the UK charts. She decided to put her music career on hold to concentrate on acting but in 2011 she reignited her love of music with her first sell out UK tour and release of an acoustic album of covers and some original songs.

She has recorded her full debut album Fairytales with the Oscar-nominated producer Nigel Wright with a release date of 21 May 2012 and another UK tour set for spring 2012.

Personal Life[link]

Peace is openly gay, and lives with her partner, Ellie, in Brighton. They are engaged.

She is the only openly lesbian cast member of Lip Service. She is also a patron of Manchester Pride and the Diversity Role Models charity, plus she recorded a video for Stonewall's It Gets Better campaign^[8]

In 2010 she was number 40 on the Independent On Sunday's Pink List, but shot to number 10 in 2011.^[9] She was also voted number 12 on US website afterellen.com's Hot 100 list. She is also the only woman to have ever appeared twice on the cover of Diva Magazine in the space of six months.^[10]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Heather Peace at the Internet Movie Database
• Official website
• [2]