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- 46th Test Wing
- Abilene, Texas
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Abilene, Texas
Abilene (
/ˈæbəliːn/ AB-ə-leen) is a city in Taylor and Jones counties in west central Texas. The population was 117,063 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Abilene Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2006 estimated population of 158,063. It is the county seat of Taylor County.Dyess Air Force Base is located on the west side of the city.
Abilene is located off Interstate 20, between exits 279 on its western edge and 292 on the east. Abilene is 150 miles (240 km) west of Fort Worth, Texas. The city is looped by I-20 to the north, US 83/84 on the west, and Loop 322 to the east. A railroad divides the city down the center into north and south. The historic downtown area is on the north side of the railroad.
The fastest-growing sections of the city are growing to the southwest, along Southwest Drive, the Winters Freeway, and the Buffalo Gap Road corridor; the southeast, along Loop 322, Oldham Lane, Industrial Drive, and Maple Street; and in the northeast near the intersection of SH 351 and I-20. Many developments have begun in these three areas within the last few years. There are three lakes in the city, Lytle Lake on the western edge of Abilene Regional Airport, Kirby Lake on the southeast corner of the US 83/84 & Loop 322 interchange, and Lake Fort Phantom Hill in Jones County in north Abilene.
wn.com/Abilene,_Texas -
Albany, Texas
Albany is a city in Shackelford County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,034 at the 2010 Census. It is the county seat of Shackelford County.
Established in 1873, Albany was named by county clerk William Cruger after his former home of Albany, Georgia. Lieutenant Colonel William Dyess, survivor of the Bataan Death March and namesake of Dyess Air Force Base, was born in Albany on August 9, 1916. Major General Robert B. Williams, who led the World War II aerial bombing raid on Schweinfurt, was born in Albany on November 9, 1901.
Since 1938, Texas' oldest outdoor musical, the Fort Griffin Fandangle, has been presented during the last two weekends of June in the Prairie Theater about historic Fort Griffin, a military outpost established in 1867 near Albany and since a state park. The program, the content of which is different each year, attempts to recapture the theatrical charm of the American West. The show offers covered wagons and buggies, a stagecoach, a replica of the first Texas Central Railroad train, an oil derrick, and cowboys whose ancestors pushed Longhorn herds up the nearby Great Western Cattle Trail. The Dallas Morning News describes Fandangle, accordingly: "as professional as a multi-million dollar Broadway musical, with sets and costumes to match, with a cast of three hundred." The Abilene Reporter-News calls the program "Frontier history served up with genuine earthiness, spiced by rare humor."
wn.com/Albany,_Texas -
Algoa, Texas
Algoa is an unincorporated area in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 125 according to the 2000 census.
The town was founded in 1880 on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway and originally named Hughes. In 1893 telephone service was installed in the area, and in 1897 a post office was opened under the name Algoa.
Primarily an agricultural community, early crops consisted of mainly pears, satsumas, strawberries, and figs that were then sold in nearby Galveston. Later, in the early 1900s, many farmers switched over to rice and dairy farming, as they were more profitable and stable commodities.
Algoa students are zoned to schools in the Santa Fe Independent School District.
The Algoa post office closed in 1972. Mail service is handled by the nearby Alvin and Santa Fe post offices. Algoa uses Alvin, Texas zip code, 77511.
Coordinates: 29°24′09″N 95°10′10″W / 29.4025°N 95.16944°W / 29.4025; -95.16944
wn.com/Algoa,_Texas -
Alice, Texas
Alice is a city in and the county seat of Jim Wells County, Texas, United States, in the South Texas region of the state. The population was 19,104 at the 2010 census. Alice was established in 1888. First it was called Bandana, then Kleberg and finally Alice after Alice Gertrudis King Kleberg, the daughter of Richard King, who established the King Ranch.
Alice originated from the defunct community of Collins, three miles to the east. Around 1880 the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway attempted to build a line through Collins, which then had about 2,000 inhabitants. The townspeople were not amenable to selling their land to the railroad company; consequently, the railroad site was moved three miles west, and in 1883 a depot called Bandana was established at its junction with the Corpus Christi, San Diego and Rio Grande Railway. Bandana soon became a thriving cattle-shipping point, and application for a post office was made under the name Kleberg in honor of Robert Justus Kleberg. The petition was denied because a town named Kleberg already appeared on the post office list, so residents then chose the name Alice, in honor of Alice Gertrudis King Kleberg, Kleberg's wife and the daughter of Richard King. The Alice post office opened for business in 1888. Within a few years the remaining residents of Collins moved to Alice, which was by then a thriving community.
wn.com/Alice,_Texas -
Alpine, Texas
Alpine is a city in and the county seat of Brewster County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,786 people at the 2000 census, and had increased to 5,905 by 2010.
The area had been a campsite for cattlemen tending their herds between 1878 and the spring of 1882, when a town of tents was created by railroad workers and their families. Because the section of the railroad was called Osborne, that was the name of the small community for a brief time. The railroad needed access to water from springs owned by brothers named Daniel and Thomas Murphy, so it entered into an agreement with the Murphys to change the name of the section and settlement to Murphyville in exchange for a contract to use the spring. In November 1883 the Murphys registered a plat for the town of Murphyville with the county clerk of Presidio County. The town's name was changed to Alpine on February 3, 1888 following a petition by its residents. At this time a description of the town mentioned a dozen houses, three saloons, a hotel and rooming house, a livery stable, a butcher shop, and a drugstore, which also housed the post office.
wn.com/Alpine,_Texas -
Alvin, Texas
Alvin is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and Brazoria County. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the city population was 21,413. Alvin's claim to fame is Baseball Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan, who moved with his family to the city in 1947 as an infant and lived there until he moved to Round Rock in 2003. The Nolan Ryan Museum is in the Nolan Ryan Foundation and Exhibit Center on the campus of Alvin Community College. The museum covers the entire life and sports career of Nolan Ryan, and includes a machine that lets the visitor feel what it is like to catch one of Nolan Ryan's pitches.
The Alvin area was settled in the mid-19th century when bull ranches were established in the area. The Santa Fe Railroad eventually expanded into the area and a settlement was established along the railroad. Alvin was originally named Morgan by the town's residents in honor of the settlement's original resident, Santa Fe employee Alvin Morgan. But upon discovery the name Morgan had been taken, the town named itself after Morgan's first name. The town was officially incorporated in 1893, making it the oldest incorporated settlement in Brazoria County.
wn.com/Alvin,_Texas -
Amarillo, Texas
Amarillo /æməˈrɪlɵ/ is the 14th-largest city, by population, in the state of Texas, the largest in the Texas Panhandle, and the seat of Potter County. A portion of the city extends into Randall County. The population was 190,695 at the 2010 census (105,486 in Potter County, and 85,209 in Randall). The Amarillo metropolitan area has an estimated population of 236,113 in four counties.
Amarillo, originally named Oneida, is situated in the Llano Estacado region. The availability of the railroad and freight service provided by the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad contributed to the city's growth as a cattle marketing center in the late 19th century. Amarillo is the regional economic center for the Texas Panhandle, and is economically important to Eastern New Mexico and the Oklahoma Panhandle.
The city was once the self-proclaimed "Helium Capital of the World" for having one of the country's most productive helium fields. The city is also known as "The Yellow Rose of Texas" (as the city takes its name from the Spanish word for yellow), and most recently "Rotor City, USA" for its V-22 Osprey hybrid aircraft assembly plant. Amarillo operates one of the largest meat packing areas in the United States. Pantex, the only nuclear weapons assembly and disassembly facility in the country, is also a major employer. The attractions Cadillac Ranch and Big Texan Steak Ranch are located adjacent to Interstate 40. U.S. Highway 66 also passed through the city.
wn.com/Amarillo,_Texas -
Anahuac, Texas
Anahuac is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population of the city was 2,210 at the 2000 census. Anahuac is the seat of Chambers County and is situated in East Texas.
The Mexican term Anáhuac comes from Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs. The name has various meanings, including "center", "world", and "city", but it also means "capital". Anáhuac is the Pre-Columbian name of the Valley of Mexico and its former lake basins around Mexico City, often including the Lerma and Pánuco river systems. Despite the name, neither the city of Anahuac, Texas nor the immediate region were ever part of the Aztec Empire.
The first dwellers in this area were the Anahuaconian Indians. In 1721, Frenchman Jean Baptiste de La Harpe reached this area. The area became known under the name Perry's Point, named after Colonel Henry Perry, who erected a military post here in 1816.
In October 1830, Mexican Colonel Juan Davis Bradburn established a customs post atop the same 30 feet (9.1 m) bluff where Perry had camped. Bradburn's orders specified that the new post would be named Fort Anahuac. The soldiers erected two large kilns to produce bricks to build a more permanent fort. Fort Anahuac would still be intact today had it not been for the locals stealing the bricks and using them for their own home construction soon after the Texas Revolution; virtually all bricks were taken and none remain to this day. By March 1831, Anahuac comprised 20 houses and 7 stores. The town grew quickly. Soldiers were given 25 cents per day to use for food and other supplies, and they spent the money locally. By June 1, the town comprised over 300 civilians and 170 military personnel.
wn.com/Anahuac,_Texas -
Andalusia
Andalusia (English /ˌændəˈluːʒə/, /ˌændəˈluːziə/; Spanish: Andalucía [andaluˈθi.a] or [andaluˈsi.a]) is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla).
Andalusia is in the south of the Iberian peninsula, immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates Spain from Morocco, and the Atlantic Ocean. The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.
Andalusia has three major geographic subregions. In the north, the mountainous Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. South of that, one can distinguish Upper Andalusia, generally the Baetic System, from Lower Andalusia with its Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir.
wn.com/Andalusia -
Anderson, Texas
Anderson is a city in Grimes County, Texas, United States. The population was 280 in 2009. It is the county seat. The city and its surroundings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Anderson Historic District.
Anderson is located at 30°29′13″N 95°59′16″W / 30.48694°N 95.98778°W / 30.48694; -95.98778 (30.487081, -95.987818).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2), all of it land.
The honorable Mr. John S. Freeman served as Mayor of Anderson from 1999 to 2004. The honorable Mrs. Gayle Sowell served as Mayor of Anderson from 2004 until present.
As of the census of 2000, there were 257 people, 92 households, and 59 families residing in the city. The population density was 498.6 people per square mile (190.8/km²). There were 119 housing units at an average density of 230.8 per square mile (88.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 54.86% White, 40.47% African American, 0.78% Native American, 2.72% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.67% of the population.
wn.com/Anderson,_Texas -
Andrews, Texas
Andrews is a city in and the county seat of Andrews County in the U.S. state of Texas within the West Texas region. The population was 11,088 in 2010. Along with Midland and Odessa, these cities form the Midland-Odessa Combined Statistical Area with a population of 241,316 in four counties. Andrews was the fastest growing Texas micropolitan in 2008 and 2009.
Andrews was incorporated on February 2, 1937. Both the city and county were named for Richard Andrews, the first Texan soldier to die in the Texas Revolution.
United States Highway 385 (north-south), Texas State Highway 115 (east-west), and Texas State Highway 176 (east-west) intersect through Andrews.
Andrews is located at 32°19′17″N 102°33′6″W / 32.32139°N 102.55167°W / 32.32139; -102.55167 (32.321401, -102.551733).
As of the census of 2010, there were 11,088 people, and 4,379 households residing in the city. The population density was 2,310 people per square mile (891.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.9% White, 1.86% African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.68% Asian, <0.01% Pacific Islander, 15.5% from other races, and 2.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50.2% of the population.
wn.com/Andrews,_Texas -
Angleton, Texas
Angleton is a city in and the county seat of Brazoria County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. Angleton lies at the intersection of State Highway 288, State Highway 35, and the Union Pacific Railroad. The population was 18,130 at the 2000 census. Angleton is in the 14th congressional district, and is represented by Congressman Ron Paul.
Angleton was founded in 1890 near the center of Brazoria County and named for the wife of the general manager of the Velasco Terminal Railway. A bitter rivalry emerged between the town and nearby Brazoria for the location of the county seat; Angleton was chosen as the seat in 1896 and re-chosen by county-wide election in 1913. The town was incorporated on November 12, 1912.
As the county seat, Angleton hosts the Brazoria County Fair every October; it is considered Texas's largest county fair.
Angleton is located at 29°9′59″N 95°25′41″W / 29.16639°N 95.42806°W / 29.16639; -95.42806 (29.166478, -95.428122).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.64 square miles (27.6 km2), of which, 10.60 square miles (27.5 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.19%) is water.
wn.com/Angleton,_Texas -
Anson, Texas
Anson is a city in and the county seat of Jones County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,556 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Originally named Jones City, the town was renamed Anson in 1882 in honor of Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas.
Anson is located at 32°45′20″N 99°53′47″W / 32.75556°N 99.89639°W / 32.75556; -99.89639 (32.755529, −99.896301).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,556 people, 950 households, and 681 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,219.2 people per square mile (469.9/km²). There were 1,089 housing units at an average density of 519.5 per square mile (200.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.82% White, 2.78% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 18.62% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.63% of the population.
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Archer City, Texas
Archer City is a city in Archer County, Texas, United States. The city lies at the junction of State Highway 79 and State Highway 25. It is the county seat of Archer County. It is located 25 miles south of Wichita Falls, Texas and is part of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,834 at the 2010 census.
The city is named for Branch Tanner Archer, a commissioner for the Republic of Texas.
12 miles west-southwest of the city lies a 1.5-mile antenna, the Lake Kickapoo Field Station, operated by the 20th Space Control Squadron, and part of the Air Force Space Surveillance System, used for observing objects passing over the United States. It is the primary anchor transmitter for the Space Command southern "fence" (or "Space Fence") network for monitoring the space defense system. It extends east-to-west across America at about the 33rd parallel north. The antenna has no public access and restricted entry.
The current mayor of Archer City is David Levy.
Archer City is located at 33°35′39″N 98°37′35″W / 33.59417°N 98.62639°W / 33.59417; -98.62639 (33.594036, -98.626499).
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Arlington, Texas
Arlington is a city in Tarrant County, Texas (USA) within the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. According to the 2010 census results, the city had a population of 365,438, making it the third largest municipality in the Metroplex. Arlington is the seventh-largest city in Texas and the 50th largest city in the United States.
Located approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of downtown Fort Worth and 20 miles (32 km) west of downtown Dallas, Arlington is home to the University of Texas at Arlington, a doctoral-granting institution, and a General Motors assembly plant. Additionally Arlington hosts the Texas Rangers' Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, Cowboys Stadium, the International Bowling Campus (which houses the United States Bowling Congress, International Bowling Museum and the International Bowling Hall of Fame), the headquarters for American Mensa, and the theme parks Six Flags Over Texas (the original Six Flags) and Hurricane Harbor. The city borders Kennedale, Grand Prairie, Mansfield and Fort Worth, and surrounds the smaller communities of Dalworthington Gardens and Pantego. Arlington is the headquarters of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region IV.
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Armavir, Armenia
Armavir (Armenian: Արմավիր) is a city located in western Armenia. The 1989 census reported that the city had a total population of 46,900, but this has declined considerably: the 2001 census counted 32,034; estimate for 2008 is 26,387. It is the capital of the Armavir province (marz). The city of Armavir in Russia, founded by Armenians in the 19th century, was named after this city. The city was known as Hoktemberyan, Hoktemberian, or Oktemberyan Armenian: Հոկտեմբերյան during the Soviet era up to 1992, and Sardarabad, Sardarapat or Sardar-Apad before 1932.
Armavir was inhabited from the 5th-6th millennium B.C. onwards. Various obsidian instruments, bronze objects and pottery have been found from that period. Armavir was regarded as an old capital of Armenia, said to have been founded by King Aramais in 1980 B.C. King Argishti I of Urartu built a fortress in the area and named it Argishtikhinili. In 331 B.C., when Armenia reasserted its independence under the Orontid Dynasty from the Achaemenid Empire, Armavir was chosen as the capital of Armenia. Slabs of clay have been found from the Achaemenid period written in the Elamite language concerning episodes of the Gilgamesh epic. Various inscriptions in Hellenistic Greek carved around the third century B.C., include poetry from Hesiod, lines from Euripides, a list of Macedonian months, and names of Orontid Kings.
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Armenia
Armenia
i/ɑrˈmiːniə/ (Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan [hɑjɑsˈtɑn]), officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, [hɑjɑstɑˈni hɑnɾɑpɛtuˈtʰjun]), is a landlocked, mountainous country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
A former republic of the Soviet Union, Armenia is a unitary, multiparty, democratic nation-state with an ancient and historic cultural heritage. The Kingdom of Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its religion, in the early years of the 4th century (the traditional date is 301 AD). The modern Republic of Armenia recognizes the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. Armenians have their own unique alphabet invented by Mesrob Mashtots in 406 AD.
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Aspermont, Texas
Aspermont is a town in and the county seat of Stonewall County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,021 at the 2000 census. Aspermont means "rough mountain" in Latin.
Marshall Formby, later a Texas state senator, operated the Aspermont Star weekly newspaper in the middle 1930s. The paper is now known as the Stonewall County Courier.
Aspermont is located at 33°8′21″N 100°13′42″W / 33.13917°N 100.22833°W / 33.13917; -100.22833 (33.139235, -100.228281).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,021 people, 418 households, and 282 families residing in the town. The population density was 493.2 people per square mile (190.4/km²). There were 507 housing units at an average density of 244.9 per square mile (94.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.99% White, 4.31% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 7.25% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.12% of the population.
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Atascocita, Texas
Atascocita is a census-designated place (CDP) in Harris County, Texas, United States.
Atascocita is a large, affluent development located north and south of Farm to Market Road 1960 about six miles (10 km) east of Humble and eighteen miles (29 km) northeast of downtown Houston in northeastern Harris County.
Bordered on its eastern shore by the 12,000-acre Lake Houston, the community contains several parks, country clubs, and golf courses, including Atascocita Country Club, Walden on Lake Houston Golf and Country Club and Tour 18, a recreation of some of the United States's most celebrated golf holes.
Atascocita was named one of the "Best Places to Retire" by U.S. News & World Report, citing Lake Houston's boating and fishing opportunities and Atascocita's numerous golf courses.
Construction in the area began in the 1970s. In the 1990s Atascocita included fifteen neighborhoods and was considered to be one of the fastest-growing developments in the Greater Houston Area.
In 2009 the Gadberry Group named Atascocita as one of "9 from 2009" most notable high growth areas in the United States. The 2010 census estimates Atascocita's population to be at 62,356.
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Athens, Texas
Athens is a city in Henderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,710. It is the county seat of Henderson County. According to the Texas Legislature, Athens is the "Original Home of the Hamburger". The city also calls itself the "Black-Eyed Pea Capital of the World." Athens was selected as one of the first 'Certified Retirement Communities' in Texas.
Athens is located at 32°12′10″N 95°50′57″W / 32.20278°N 95.84917°W / 32.20278; -95.84917 (32.202782, -95.849140).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.0 square miles (44.0 km2), of which 14.6 square miles (37.8 km2) is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) (13.85%) is water.
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,710 people, 4,110 households, and 2,807 families residing in the city. The population density was 772.8 people per square mile (298.3/km²). There were 4,549 housing units at an average density of 311.2 per square mile (120.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.14% White, 19.23% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 6.17% from other races, and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.37% of the population.
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Austin County, Texas
Austin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas adjacent to the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 28,417 at the 2010 census. Its county seat is Bellville. Austin County is named for Stephen F. Austin, who facilitated the Anglo American colonization of Texas and is known as the "Father of Texas." Austin County is not to be confused with the city of Austin, the state capital city that lies in Travis County approximately 110 miles to the northwest.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 656 square miles (1,699.0 km2), of which 653 square miles (1,691.3 km2) is land and 4 square miles (10.4 km2) (0.58%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,590 people, 8,747 households, and 6,481 families residing in the county. The population density was 36 people per square mile (14/km²). There were 10,205 housing units at an average density of 16 per square mile (6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 80.22% White, 10.64% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 6.99% from other races, and 1.58% from two or more races. 16.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 26.9% were of German, 8.8% American, 8.0% Czech, 6.4% English and 5.0% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000.
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Austin, Texas
Austin (/ˈɒstɨn/ or /ˈɔːstɨn/) is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 14th most populous city in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. Austin has a population of 790,390 (2010 U.S. Census). The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area, which had an estimated population 1,783,519 (2011 U.S. Census), making it the 34th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.
In the 1830s, pioneers began to the settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River. After Republic of Texas Vice President Mirabeau B. Lamar visited the area during a buffalo-hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838, he proposed that the republic's capital then located in Houston, Texas, be relocated to the area situated on the north bank of the Colorado River near the present-day Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge. In 1839, the site was officially chosen as the republic's new capital (the republic's seventh and final location) and was incorporated under the name, Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas" and the republic's first secretary of state.
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Bacliff, Texas
Bacliff is a census-designated place (CDP) in north-central Galveston County, Texas, United States, 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Galveston. The population was 8,619 at the 2010 census. Bacliff, originally called Clifton-by-the-Sea, began as a seaside resort town. Bacliff morphed into a fishing community then finding hardship when the shrimping industry declined in the late 1970's. The citizens of Bacliff never chose to incorporate, with several elections failing by a wide margin in the 1980's. Since 2008 the area has enjoyed an economic resurgence with real estate prices increasing due in part to the closing of the local malodorous redfish farm which dominated the southern edge of town., along with the demolition of the nearby unsightly 2300 MW PH Robinson electric generation plant formerly operated by Texas Genco and the closing of the noisy Southern Pacific Transportation Company railway line which ran along FM 146 on the western edge of Bacliff.. The Bacliff CDP has one elementary school and several parks and boat ramps.
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Baird, Texas
Baird is a city in Callahan County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,623 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Callahan County. The city is named after Matthew Baird, the owner and director of the Texas & Pacific Railway. The railway depot is now the visitor center and a transportation museum. [1]
Baird is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Baird is located at 32°23′46″N 99°23′50″W / 32.39611°N 99.39722°W / 32.39611; -99.39722 (32.396035, -99.397140).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2), of which, 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (2.60%) is water.
The Callahan County Library was started in 1937 by the Baird Wednesday Club, the Pioneer Museum was added in 1940. Both are located on the basement floor of the Callahan County Courthouse. The museum features farm and ranch implements, household items, clothing, barbed wire, and documents.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,623 people, 677 households, and 429 families residing in the city. The population density was 619.0 people per square mile (239.2/km²). There were 806 housing units at an average density of 307.4 per square mile (118.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.51% White, 0.18% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 7.09% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.43% of the population.
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Ballinger, Texas
Ballinger is a city in Runnels County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,243 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Runnels County.
Ballinger is located at 31°44′27″N 99°57′14″W / 31.74083°N 99.95389°W / 31.74083; -99.95389 (31.740907, -99.953832).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), of which, 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2) of it is land and 0.30% is water.
As of the census of 2000, 4,243 people, 1,578 households, and 1,093 families resided the city. The population density was 1,266.7 people per square mile (489.0/km²). There were 1,879 housing units at an average density of 560.9 per square mile (216.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.68% White, 2.14% African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 14.52% from other races, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 31.28% of the population.
Of 1,578 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were not families. About 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and family size was 3.10.
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Bandera, Texas
Bandera is the county seat of Bandera County, Texas, United States,in the Texas Hill Country, which is part of the Edwards Plateau. The population was 957 at the 2000 census, and according to a 2009 estimate, the population had jumped up to 1,216 people. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Bandera calls itself the "Cowboy Capital of the World." The Frontier Times Museum, founded by J. Marvin Hunter and named for Hunter's Frontier Times magazine, is located in Bandera across from the First Baptist Church. Bandera also has a large presence in biker culture.[citation needed]
A visitor to Bandera can see a sign on Main Street, in front of the Fire Department, which states that Bandera was founded by Roman Catholic immigrants from Poland. St. Stanislaus Catholic Church was built by those immigrants, and the church is one of the oldest in Texas. Many of the residents are descended from those original Polish immigrants.
There are many stories regarding the origin of the name "Bandera". One says that back in the 19th century, a flag was placed at the top of a path that came to be called "Bandera Pass" due to "bandera" being the Spanish word for "flag"[citation needed].
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Bastrop, Texas
Bastrop is a city and the county seat of Bastrop County, Texas, United States. Located about thirty miles southeast of Austin, it is part of the Greater Austin metropolitan area. The population was 5,340 according to the 2000 census, and had grown to 7,218 by the 2010 census -- nearly twice the population of the early 1970s.
Spanish soldiers lived temporarily at the current site of Bastrop as early as 1804, when a fort was established where the Old San Antonio Road crossed the Colorado River and named Puesta del Colorado.
Bastrop's namesake, Felipe Enrique Neri, Baron de Bastrop was actually a commoner named Philip Hendrik Nering Bogel wanted for embezzlement in his native country of the Netherlands. In Texas, he assisted Moses and Stephen F. Austin in obtaining land grants in Texas, and he served as S. F. Austin's land commissioner.
In 1827, Stephen F. Austin located one hundred families in an area adjacent to his earlier Mexican contracts. Austin arranged for Mexican officials to name a new town there after the baron who died the same year.
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Bay City, Texas
Bay City is a city in Matagorda County, Texas, United States. The population was 18,667 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Matagorda County. The current mayor is Mark Bricker.
Bay City is located at 28°58′51″N 95°57′52″W / 28.98083°N 95.96444°W / 28.98083; -95.96444 (28.980766, -95.964459). With different municipalities and unincorporated areas surrounding it on all sides.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.5 square miles (22.0 km2), of which, 8.5 square miles (22.0 km2) of it is land and 0.12% is water. It used to be named "Bay Prairie", as the natural ecosystems that surround the town are prairies criscrossed by creeks that lead into the bay.
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,667 people, 6,912 households, and 4,769 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,196.0 people per square mile (847.9/km²). There were 8,113 housing units at an average density of 954.4 per square mile (368.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.62% White, 17.26% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 16.84% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.74% of the population.
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Bayou Vista, Texas
Bayou Vista is a city in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,537 at the 2010 census. It received severe damage from Hurricane Ike on September 13, 2008.
Bayou Vista is located at 29°19′34″N 94°56′22″W / 29.32611°N 94.93944°W / 29.32611; -94.93944 (29.325979, -94.939502).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.46 square miles (1.2 km2), of which 0.31 square miles (0.8 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km2), or 29.15%, is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,644 people, 784 households, and 508 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,323.5 people per square mile (1,295.4/km²). There were 926 housing units at an average density of 1,872.0 per square mile (729.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.83% White, 0.55% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.37% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.87% of the population.
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Baytown, Texas
Baytown is a city within Harris County and partially in Chambers County in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S. state of Texas. Located within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, it lies along both State Highway 146 and Interstate 10. As of 2010, Baytown had an population of 71,802. It is the fourth-largest city within the metropolitan area.
The area of Baytown began to be settled as early as 1822. One of its earliest residents was Nathaniel Lynch, who set up a ferry crossing at the junction of the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou. The ferry service that he started is still in operation today, now known as the Lynchburg Ferry. Other early residents of Baytown include William Scott, one of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred, and Ashbel Smith, who owned a plantation in the area.
The city now known as Baytown was originally three separate towns. The first of these was Goose Creek, named for the bayou of the same name where Canada Geese wintered and whose name is still reflected in the area's Goose Creek CISD, whose establishment dates back to before 1850. With the discovery of the Goose Creek Oil Field, the rival communities of Pelly in the late 1910s, and East Baytown in the early 1920s, developed as early boomtowns. The "East" in East Baytown was later dropped because it was west of Goose Creek.
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Beaumont, Texas
Beaumont ( /ˈboʊmɒnt/) is a city in and county seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States, within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city's population was 118,296 at the 2010 census. With Port Arthur and Orange, it forms the Golden Triangle, a major industrial area on the Gulf Coast.
Lamar University with its 15,000 students is located in Beaumont. The city's daily newspaper is The Beaumont Enterprise, while The Examiner is published weekly.
Gulf States Utilities had its headquarters in Beaumont until its absorption by Entergy Corporation in 1993. GSU's Edison Plaza headquarters is still the tallest building in Beaumont (as of 2011). Since 1907, Beaumont has been home of the South Texas State Fair. In 2004, the venue for the Fair changed to Ford Park, a new, larger facility on the west end of Beaumont.
In 1824 Noah and Nancy Tevis settled on the west bank of Neches River and organized a farm. Soon after that, a small community grew up around the farm, which was named Tevis Bluff or Neches River Settlement. In 1835 the land of Tevises together with nearby community of Santa Anna (in total, 50 acres or 200,000 m2) was purchased by Henry Millard (1796?–1844), Joseph P. Pulsifer (1805–1861) and Thomas B. Huling (1804–1865), who began planning a town to be laid out on this land. This town was named Beaumont, after Jefferson Beaumont the brother in law of Henry Millard.
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Beeville, Texas
Beeville is a city in Bee County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,129 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Bee County and the site of a community college, Coastal Bend College.
Many of the stately homes, commercial buildings, and schools in and around Beeville, including the Bee County Courthouse, were designed by architect William Charles Stephenson, who came to Beeville in 1908 from Buffalo, New York.
The site was first settled by the Burke, Carroll and Heffernan families in the 1830s. It was first named "Maryville" for Mary Heffernan, then renamed "Beeville" after Barnard E. Bee, Sr., who served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas. It was then called "Beeville-on-the-Poesta", with a nearby community "Beeville-on-the-Medio" seven miles (11 km) to the west. In 1859, Beeville's first post office opened.
In 1880, the population was about three hundred. In 1886, the first railroad came to town, and the population exceeded one thousand by the end of the decade.
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Bellaire, Texas
Bellaire is a city in southwest Harris County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city population was 16,855 and is surrounded by the cities of Houston and West University Place.
Bellaire is known as the "City of Homes" as the city is mostly residential, while there are offices along the 610 Loop within the city limits. As of 2009, Bellaire was the 13th wealthiest location in Texas by median household income, and 12th wealthiest by per capita income. The mean house price is $630,687, with growing number of houses selling over $1,000,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in Houston.
Bellaire was founded in 1908 by William Wright Baldwin, who was the president of the South End Land Company. Baldwin, a native of Iowa, was well known as the vice president of the Burlington Railroad. Bellaire was founded on what was part of William Marsh Rice's 9,449 acres (38.24 km2) ranch. Baldwin surveyed the eastern 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of the ranch into small truck farms. He named those farms "Westmoreland Farms". Baldwin started Bellaire in the middle of "Westmoreland Farms" to serve as a residential neighborhood and an agricultural trading center. South End Land Company advertised to farmers in the Midwestern United States. Baldwin stated that the town was named "Bellaire", or "Good Air" for its breezes". Bellaire may have been named after Bellaire, Ohio, a town served by one of Baldwin's rail lines.
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Bellville, Texas
Bellville is a city in and the county seat of Austin County, Texas, United States, located in the southeastern part of the state. The population was 3,794 at the 2000 census. Bellville was named for Thomas Bell, one of Stephen F. Austin's earliest colonists, after he and his brother James Bell donated land for the new county seat established by voters in 1846. The original county seat was located in San Felipe. Bellville is located at the intersection of State Highway 36 and State Highway 159 as well as FM 529, FM 1456, and FM 2429.
Bellville is located at 29°56′50″N 96°15′31″W / 29.94722°N 96.25861°W / 29.94722; -96.25861 (29.947225, -96.258657).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,794 people, 1,425 households, and 966 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,452.0 people per square mile (561.3/km²). There were 1,566 housing units at an average density of 599.3 per square mile (231.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.89% White, 11.68% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 3.95% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.97% of the population.
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Belton, Texas
Belton is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,623 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Bell County.
Belton is part of the Killeen – Temple – Fort Hood metropolitan area.
Belton is located at 31°3′32″N 97°27′48″W / 31.05889°N 97.46333°W / 31.05889; -97.46333 (31.058904, -97.463382).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.2 square miles (34 km2), of which, 12.5 square miles (32 km2) of it is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2) of it (5.09%) is water.
Belton is just south of Temple and north of Salado on Interstate 35.
Belton was platted in 1850 with the name of Nolandville. It was given its current name in 1851, named after Texas' Governor, Peter Hansborough Bell. As the county seat of the like named Bell County the town seemed destined for growth. The l880's marked the town's brightest age, with the building of the courthouse, Mary Hardin Baylor buildings, and a "railroad war" in which, by 1881, Belton was bypassed by the railroad which built Temple, Texas as the local junction and depot town. In 1913 the city experienced a major flood. leading to the naming of Yettie Polk Park, from one of those who died. The town struggled along until the l942 creation of Fort Hood for tank training, and the town thrived.
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Benjamin, Texas
Benjamin is a city in Knox County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Knox County. The population was 258 at the 2010 census.
Benjamin is located at 33°35′00″N 99°47′36″W / 33.583419°N 99.793394°W / 33.583419; -99.793394 (33.583419, -99.793394). It is situated at the junction of U.S. Highway 82 and State Highway 6 in central Knox County, approximately 90 miles north of Abilene and 85 miles southwest of Wichita Falls.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
The community was founded in 1884 by Hilory H. Bedford, president and controlling stockholder in the Wichita and Brazos Stock Company. He named it Benjamin after his son who had been killed by lightning. To attract additional settlers, Bedford gave his stockholders a fifty-acre tract of land and set aside forty more acres for a town square. Benjamin was designed as the Knox County seat when it was organized in 1886. A school opened in 1886 as well. A jail built in 1887 still stands as a private residence and the old bank stands next to the Sheriff's Office. Benjamin was incorporated in 1928 and the population was 485 in the 1930 census. Two structures in the community, a courthouse (1938) and school building (1942), were constructed Works Projects Administration (WPA) labor. That courthouse replaced the previous stone structure built in 1888. The number of inhabitants reached a high of 599 in 1940, but that figure slowly decreased during the latter half of the twentieth century.
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Big Bend (Texas)
The Big Bend is a colloquial name of a geographic region in the western part of the state of Texas in the United States along the border with Mexico, roughly defined as the counties north of the prominent northward bend in the Rio Grande as it passes through the gap between the Chisos Mountains in Texas and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. It is sometimes loosely defined as the part of Texas south of U.S. Highway 90 and west of the Pecos River.
The region is sparsely populated, arid, and rugged, containing the Chisos and the Davis Mountain ranges. The region has more than one million acres (4,000 km²) of public lands, including Big Bend National Park and Big Bend Ranch State Park along the north side of the Rio Grande.
The largest towns in the region are Alpine, Presidio, Marfa, Sanderson, and Marathon.
Coordinates: 30°N 103°W / 30°N 103°W / 30; -103
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Big Lake, Texas
Big Lake is a small rural city in Reagan County, Texas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 2,885. It is the county seat of Reagan County.
The city takes its name from a dry lake, a unique dryland plains geographic feature situated atop the divide between the Rio Grande and Colorado River watersheds, located less than two miles south of the city, through which St Hwy 137 passes. The dry lake, with no outlet, is over two sections in size, making it the largest in Texas; it holds water temporarily and only after high runoff rain events, being used for grazing the remainder of the time. Though seasonal and temporal, the 'big playa lake', in wet periods, is significant in a semi-arid, drought-frequented environment and has been utilized regularly as a food and water resource by man and animal, alike, since prehistoric times.
Started as a small ranching community in the late 1880s, Big Lake owes its original existence to the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway, which passed through the area in 1912 as it was extended from Sherwood, west of San Angelo, to Girvin and beyond the Pecos River. The growth from the railroad, coupled with that from the Santa Rita discovery well in 1923, allowed it, in 1925, to take over the position of county seat from Stiles, a pioneer ranching community established in 1894 on Centrailia Draw, approximately 20 miles to the north. The main highway through the area, US 67, was extended through the region in 1934, on the way to a termination in Presidio. The city's current existence is based on agriculture (some farming, but mostly ranching) and oil and gas service and production throughout the area.
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Big Spring, Texas
Big Spring is a city in and the county seat of Howard County, Texas, United States, at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 87 and Interstate 20. With a population of 25,233 at the 2000 census, it is the largest city between Midland to the west, Abilene to the east, Lubbock to the north, and San Angelo to the south. Big Spring was established as the county seat of Howard County in 1882; it is the largest community in the county.
The city got its name from the single, large spring that issued into a small gorge between the base of Scenic Mountain and a neighboring hill in the southwestern part of the city limits. Although the name is often mistakenly pluralized, it is officially singular; Big Springs, Texas, is actually a community in Rusk County in East Texas.
Big Spring is located at 32°14′36″N 101°28′31″W / 32.24333°N 101.47528°W / 32.24333; -101.47528 (32.243198, -101.475231).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.2 square miles (50 km2). 19.1 square miles (49 km2) of it is land, and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.42%) is water.
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Boerne, Texas
Boerne ( /ˈbɜrni/) is a city in the Texas Hill Country in the United States. It is the county seat of Kendall County. Boerne was named in honor of Ludwig Börne, a Jewish German author and publicist, and its population was 10,471 in the 2010 census. The city is noted for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case City of Boerne v. Flores. Founded in 1849 as Tusculum, the name was changed to Boerne when the town was platted in 1852.
Boerne is part of the San Antonio–New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Boerne is the home of the Guadalupe Valley Poetry Celebration, a regional poetry festival that benefits the Boerne Public Library.
Boerne came into being as an off-shoot of the Texas Hill Country Free Thinker Latin Settlements, resulting from the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. Those who came were Forty-Eighters, intellectual liberal abolitionists who enjoyed conversing in Latin and who believed in utopian ideals that guaranteed basic human rights to all. They reveled in passionate conversations about science, philosophy, literature, music and philosophy. The Free Thinkers first settled Castell,Bettina, Leningen. and Schoenburg in Llano County. These experimental communities were supported by the Adelsverein for one year. The communities eventually failed due to lack of finances after the Adelsverein funding expired, and conflict of structure and authorities. Many of the pioneers from these communities moved to Sisterdale, Boerne and Comfort.
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Bolivar Peninsula
Bolivar Peninsula is a census-designated place (CDP) in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,417 at the 2010 census.
On April 23, 1991 the community, and other areas of Galveston County, received an enhanced 9-1-1 system which routes calls to proper dispatchers and allows dispatchers to automatically view the address of the caller.
The name Bolivar came from Venezuelan hero Simón Bolívar.
The Bolivar Peninsula forms a narrow strip of land in Galveston County, Texas, separating the eastern part of Galveston Bay from the Gulf of Mexico. The peninsula's width ranges from half a mile down to a quarter-mile near the unincorporated community of Gilchrist, where the peninsula is divided by Rollover Pass.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 48.1 square miles (124.7 km2), of which 42.5 square miles (110.1 km2) is land and 5.6 square miles (14.6 km2), or 11.7%, is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,853 people, 1,801 households, and 1,138 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 85.3 people per square mile (32.9/km²). There were 5,425 housing units at an average density of 120.0 per square mile (46.4/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.69% White, 0.47% African American, 0.80% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 2.80% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.96% of the population.
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Bonham, Texas
Bonham is a city in Fannin County, Texas, United States. The population was 10,127 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Fannin County.James Bonham (the city's namesake) sought the aid of James Fannin (the county's namesake) at the Battle of the Alamo. Bonham is often unofficially described as "Booming Bonham" for its consistent rapid growth and development.
Bonham is centrally located in Fannin County in Northeastern Texas, about 25 km south of Oklahoma and has a total area of 9.4 square miles (24 km2), with negligible water cover. The distance to Dallas in the Southeast is about 68 miles (110 km).
Bonham, one of the oldest cities in Texas, dates back to 1837 when Bailey Inglish built a two-story block house named Fort Inglish. It was located about 2 miles (3 km) from the current downtown. Inglish and other acquaintances settled there in the summer of 1837 and the settlement was named Bois D'Arc. In 1843, the Congress of the Republic of Texas assigned the name Bloomington to the city, but finally renamed it Bonham, in honor of James Butler Bonham, a hero and defender of the Alamo. On February 2, 1848, Bonham was incorporated as a city.
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Boston, Texas
Boston (better known as Old Boston) is an unincorporated town in and the county seat of Bowie County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Texarkana, Texas–Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its two area codes are 430 and 903, its zipcode is 75570, and it is in the "Central Standard Time" time zone. The town had a population of only 200 in 1990.
Before 1890, Texarkana was the county seat of Bowie County. Then an election decided on a more central location for a courthouse. The site was chosen, and the town of Boston was created at the site. In 1986 a new courthouse was built in New Boston, which is just north of Boston, which remains the official county seat.
Coordinates: 33°26′29″N 94°25′11″W / 33.44139°N 94.41972°W / 33.44139; -94.41972
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Brackettville, Texas
Brackettville is a city in Kinney County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,876 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Kinney County. Brackettville calls itself the drive-in movie capital of Texas.
Founded in 1852 as Las Moras (the name of a nearby spring and the creek it feeds), the town initially was a supply stop on the old San Antonio-El Paso road and a supply depot for the U.S. Army's Fort Clark (the fort was established the same year). Later the town was named Brackett after Oscar B. Brackett, the owner of the first dry goods store in the area, and in 1873 when a post office was awarded "ville" was appended to the name to differentiate from another town.
The town grew quickly through the 19th century as Fort Clark grew, but the town's existence remained very strongly tied to Fort Clark's fortunes. Fort Clark was for many years home to the famous Buffalo Soldiers--and, demographically, Brackettville had a larger proportion of Black Seminoles (people of mixed African American and Seminole ancestry) than the rest of West Texas. Their language, Afro-Seminole Creole, is still spoken by some in Brackettville.
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Brady, Texas
Brady is a city in McCulloch County, Texas, United States. Brady refers to itself as "The Heart of Texas", as it is the closest city to the geographical center of the state. The population was 5,523 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of McCulloch County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brady has a total area of 11.5 square miles (30 km2), of which, 9.2 square miles (24 km2) of it is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) of it (20.16%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,523 people, 2,181 households, and 1,448 families residing in the city. The population density was 601.1 people per square mile (232.0/km²). There were 2,603 housing units at an average density of 283.3 per square mile (109.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 59.6% White, 2.2% Black, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, .1% from other races, and .6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.7% of the population.
There were 2,181 households out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.11.
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Brazoria County
Brazoria County[p] is a county in the U.S. state of Texas, located on the Gulf Coast within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. Regionally, parts of the county are within the extreme southernmost fringe of the regions locally known as Southeast Texas. Brazoria County is among a number of counties that are part of the region known as the Texas Coastal Bend. Its county seat is Angleton, and its largest city is Pearland. Brazoria County, like nearby Brazos County, takes its name from the Brazos River. The county also includes what was once Velasco, Texas, which was the first capital of the Republic of Texas. It served as the first settlement area for Anglo-Texas, when the Old Three Hundred immigrated from the United States in 1821. As of the 2010 census, the population of the county is 313,166.
Brazoria County, like nearby Brazos County, takes its name from the Brazos River, which flows through it. Anglo-Texas began in Brazoria County when the first of Stephen F. Austin's authorized 300 American settlers arrived at the mouth of the Brazos River in 1821. Many of the events leading to the Texas Revolution developed in Brazoria County. In 1832, Brazoria was organized as a separate municipal district by the Mexican government, and so became one of Texas original counties at independence in 1836.
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Breckenridge, Texas
Breckenridge is a city in Stephens County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,868 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Stephens County. The mayor is Jim McKay.
Texas State Representative Carl Isett of Lubbock (District 84) was born in Breckenridge in 1957.
At approximately 5:20 PM local time on April 9, 2008, three tornadoes, including a pair of "sisters", were confirmed to have hit at least a portion of the town [1]. Fifteen citizens were reported injured within the city limits. Five buildings were destroyed, including the airport, which was a former Air Force training facility.
Breckenridge is located at 32°45′24″N 98°54′20″W / 32.75667°N 98.90556°W / 32.75667; -98.90556 (32.756793, -98.905580).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.2 square miles (10.8 km²), of which, 4.2 square miles (10.7 km²) of it is land and 0.24% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,868 people, 2,274 households, and 1,546 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,412.8 people per square mile (545.9/km²). There were 2,776 housing units at an average density of 668.4 per square mile (258.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.88% White, .01% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 11.28% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.64% of the population.
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Brenham, Texas
Brenham is a city in east-central Texas in Washington County, Texas, United States, with a population of 15,716 according to the 2010 U.S. census. It is the county seat of Washington County. Brenham is south of College Station, and about halfway between Houston and Austin approximately 70 miles Northwest of Houston.
Brenham is renowned as the heart of the bluebonnet region in Central Texas. The local chamber of commerce promotes the Bluebonnet Trails and offers free maps to guide visitors along the most scenic routes that also pass by historic sites and attractions.
As the county seat for Washington County, the county is also home of the "Birthplace of Texas," the site of the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836 in the town of Washington. A TPWD State Historic Park is now located at the site.
Brenham is also known for a German heritage festival that takes place each May called Maifest, similar to Volksfest.
Brenham is located at 30°9′43″N 96°23′49″W / 30.16194°N 96.39694°W / 30.16194; -96.39694 (30.161901, -96.397004).
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Brownfield, Texas
Brownfield is a city in Terry County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,940 at the 2009 census. It is the county seat of Terry County near Lubbock in West Texas.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brownfield has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16 km2), of which only 0.32% is water.
Brownfield lies in the center of Terry County, within the southern portion of the South Plains and Llano Estacado. The city rests on a windblown deposit called the Blackwater Draw Formation, which is underlain by a thick layer of caliche, referred to locally as the "Caprock." Beneath the caliche layer lies fluvial deposits called the Ogallala Formation, which contains a portion of the vast Ogallala Aquifer. The Caprock Escarpment, about 50 miles east, forms a rather precipitous drop of approximately 1,000 feet (305 m) and exposes various geologic layers. In early days, climbing the caprock escarpment was not easy for covered wagons.
The only terrain variation lies at the south end of the city where Lost Draw carves a channel that runs across the entire county. Lost Draw formed over 10,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age when the climate of the area was much wetter. When the vast glaciers of the north retreated, the left numerous dry river channels crisscrossing the Llano Estacado. When settlers during the 1800 ventured across this area, they often went into these channels expecting to find water, however, unless significant rains had occurred recently, their search was in vain, with many of the parties becoming "lost", hence the name, Lost Draw.
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Brownsville, Texas
Brownsville is a city in the southernmost tip of the state of Texas, in the United States. It is located on the northern bank of the Rio Grande, directly north and across the border from Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Brownsville is the 16th largest city in the state of Texas with a population of 175,023. In addition, the Matamoros–Brownsville Metropolitan Area counts with a population of 1,136,995, making it the 4th largest metropolitan area in the Mexico-US border.
The area in Brownsville is one of the fastest growing urban areas in the United States. The city's population dramatically increased after it experienced a boom in the steel industry during the 1900s, where it produced three times its annual capacity. Nowadays, the Port of Brownsville is a major economic hub for South Texas, where shipments from Mexico, other parts of the United States and the world arrive. Brownsville's economy is mainly based on its international trade with Mexico through the NAFTA agreement, and is home to one of the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the nation. In addition, Brownsville's climate has often been recognized among the best pro-business climates in the United States, and the city has also been ranked among the least expensive places to live in the U.S.
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Brownwood, Texas
Brownwood is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, Texas, United States.
The original site of the Brown County seat of Brownwood was on the east of Pecan Bayou. A dispute arose over land and water rights, and the settlers were forced to find a new location. Greenleaf Fisk donated sixty acres re-locate the county seat to the west side of the bayou, on what is now the current site of Brownwood, and one hundred additional acres for county use. The town was incorporated in 1884.
During the Second World War, Brownwood was the location of U.S. Army Camp Bowie, which had a peak complement of over 80,000 soldiers. Camp Bowie serves as a training camp today at the intersection Farm-to-market roads 45 and 2126.
On 19 April 1976, an F5 tornado struck near Brownwood, causing extensive damage, with 11 reported injuries but no fatalities.
Brownwood's census figures were re-evaluated after the 2000 census from 18,813 to reflect more accurate figures of 20,407. The city was categorized in 2003 as a "Micropolitan Statistical Area". The federal Office of Management and Budget has issued a definition of "Micropolitan Statistical Areas" as "an urban cluster of at least 10,000, but less than 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core, as measured by commuting ties."
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Bryan, Texas
Bryan is a city in Brazos County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 76,201. It is the county seat of Brazos County and is located in the heart of the Brazos Valley (Southeast Central Texas). It shares its border with the city of College Station, which lies to its south. Together they are referred to as the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area, the sixteenth largest Metropolitan area in Texas containing around 190,000 people.
The city is centrally located, approximately equidistant from three of the 10 largest cities in the United States. It is 92 miles (148 km) north-northwest of Houston, 166 miles (267 km) northeast of San Antonio and 169 miles (272 km) south of Dallas. It is 104 miles (167 km) east of Austin, the state capital of Texas. 75% of the Texas and Louisiana populations (13.1 million people) live within 3.5 driving hours of Bryan.
The area around Bryan, Texas was part of a land grant to Moses Austin by Spain. Moses Austin's son, Stephen F. Austin helped bring settlers to the area. Among the settlers was William Joel Bryan, the nephew of Stephen F. Austin. The town of Bryan was founded in 1821. It grew quickly when the Houston and Texas Central Railroad arrived in 1860. In 1866, the county seat of Brazos County, Texas was changed from Boonville, Texas to Bryan. A short time later, in 1871, the City of Bryan became incorporated.
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Burnet, Texas
Burnet ( /ˈbɜrnɨt/ BUR-net) is a city in and the county seat of Burnet County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,735 at the 2000 census.
Both the city and the county were named for David Gouverneur Burnet, the first (provisional) president of the Republic of Texas. He also served as Vice President during the administration of Mirabeau B. Lamar.
Burnet is located one mile west of the divide between the Brazos and Colorado River watersheds near the center of Burnet County. It is 48 miles northwest of the state capitol, Austin - roughly a 1- to 1½-hour drive via U.S. Highway 183 and State Highway 29. It is 36 miles west of Georgetown (and Interstate Highway 35) via State Highway 29, and 100 miles north of San Antonio on U.S. Highway 281.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), all of it land.
In December 1847, a company of the Texas Rangers Division commanded by Henry E. McCulloch established a station at the site of present-day Burnet for the protection of frontier settlers from Indian raids. In March 1849, the station was chosen as a federal fort and named Fort Croghan.
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Caldwell, Texas
Caldwell is a city in Burleson County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,449 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Burleson County. It is part of the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.
In 1993, the Reeves-Womack House in Caldwell was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The house was built in the latter 1890s by the merchant-banker William Reeves (1858–1921). He sold the late Victorian structure in 1907 to Mansell Lewis Womack (born 1846) a former Burleson County sheriff. Womack heirs owned the house, located at 405 Fox Steet, until 1957.
Caldwell is the home of the Czech Heritage Museum, which is open to the public on Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. The annual Kolache Festival, a celebration of Czech heritage named for a type of pastry, is held in Caldwell the second weekend of September.
Caldwell is located at 30°31′43″N 96°42′1″W / 30.52861°N 96.70028°W / 30.52861; -96.70028 (30.528580, -96.700350).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), all of it land.
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Cameron, Texas
Cameron is a city in Milam County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,634 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Milam County.
Cameron is located at 30°51′16″N 96°58′43″W / 30.85444°N 96.97861°W / 30.85444; -96.97861 (30.854544, -96.978716). It is situated at the junction of U.S. Highways 77 and 190, approximately 71 miles northeast of Austin in north central Milam County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), all of it land.
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Canadian, Texas
Canadian is the county seat of Hemphill County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,233 at the 2000 census. It is named for the Canadian River, a tributary of the nearby Arkansas River. Canadian is sometimes called "the oasis of the Texas Panhandle."
The trails along the river are older than recorded history. Francisco Coronado came through the area in 1541 in a vain search for the Seven Cities of Cibola. In 1840, Josiah Gregg and thirty-four men from Missouri passed through Canadian with trading goods worth $25,000 while en route to Santa Fe, New Mexico. In 1849, parties headed for the California gold rush passed through, led by Captain Randolph B. Marcy. In the 1870s and 1880, hunters, cattlemen, and settlers alike used the trails as the Panhandle was opened for civilization.
In the 1900s (decade), Canadian was a railroad and marketing center, with a Baptist academy. Robert Moody (1838–1915), a banker, rancher, and academy trustee, built the Moody Hotel downtown to reflect on the future of the community. The three-story, brick-veneer structure replaced the former McIntosh Hotel. The Moody opened late in 1910 with forty guest rooms and an oak stairway. The hotel flourished until changing travel plans caused it to close. It now houses the Abraham Companies. Robert Moody's grandson, Robert R. Young, also a native of Canadian, was subsequently the chief officer of the New York Central Railroad.
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Canton, Texas
Canton is a city in Van Zandt County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 5,142. It is the county seat of Van Zandt County.
Canton was surveyed as early as 1840 by a company of men under Dr. W. P. King. The community stands on the original survey of Jesse Stockwell, who arrived in the area at that time. No settlement was made until 1850, when the town was laid out and named by settlers moving from Old Canton in Smith County. The first district courthouse at Canton opened in 1850, and a post office, the county's fourth, was established in that year.
When the Texas and Pacific Railway was built across the county in 1872, it missed Canton by ten miles, and the citizens of Wills Point persuaded county officials to move the county seat there. In the resulting dispute, in 1877 armed residents of Canton went to Wills Point to recover the records, and the county judge wired Governor Richard B. Hubbard for aid. The Supreme Court of Texas finally decided in favor of Canton. Unwilling to use the railroad at Wills Point, Canton businessmen established Edgewood, ten miles (16 km) to the northwest of town, and built an extension to the railroad at a siding formerly called Stevenson.
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Canyon, Texas
Canyon is a city in Randall County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,303 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Randall County. It is the home of West Texas A&M University and Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum. Palo Duro Canyon State Park is some twelve miles east of Canyon. To the east of Canyon is the JA Ranch founded in 1877 by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair and still under the ownership of the Adair heirs.
Canyon is part of the Amarillo, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area, and residents are known as Canyonites.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Canyon has a total area of 4.9 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
At the 2010 census, there were 13,303 people, 5,185 households and 2,924 families residing in the city. The population density was 2687.47 per square mile (1,037.68/km2). There were 5,611 housing units at an average density of 1,133.54 per square mile (437.68/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.5% White, 2.4% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.7% from other races, and 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.7% of the population.
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Caplen, Texas
Caplen is an unincorporated area the Bolivar Peninsula census-designated place, in Galveston County, Texas, United States.
On April 23, 1991 the community, and other areas of Galveston County, received an enhanced 9-1-1 system which routes calls to proper dispatchers and allows dispatchers to automatically view the address of the caller.
Caplen students are zoned to schools in the High Island Independent School District.
The Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services operates the Lauderdale Boat Ramp in Caplen.
Coordinates: 29°29′59″N 94°31′24″W / 29.49972°N 94.52333°W / 29.49972; -94.52333
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Carthage, Texas
Carthage is a city in Panola County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,779 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Panola County, and is situated in East Texas near the Louisiana state line.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Carthage has a total area of 10.5 square miles (27 km2), of which, 10.5 square miles (27 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.4%) is water.
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,779 people, 2,628 households, and 1,745 families residing in the city. The population density was 645.6 people per square mile (249.2/km²). There were 2,909 housing units at an average density of 277.0 per square mile (106.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.5% White, 21.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 6.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.0% of the population.
There were 2,628 households out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.04.
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Center, Texas
Center is a city in Shelby County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,678 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Shelby County. It is named for its location near the center of Shelby County, not for its location in Texas as it is located near the Louisiana border.
Center is seventeen miles from the Louisiana border and 118 miles north of Beaumont at the center of Shelby County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16.2 km²), of which, 6.2 square miles (16.1 km²) of it is land and 0.16% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,678 people, 2,034 households, and 1,334 families residing in the city. The population density was 911.0 people per square mile (351.9/km²). There were 2,290 housing units at an average density of 367.4 per square mile (141.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 51.14% White, 34.22% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 10.95% from other races, and 2.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.05% of the population.
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Centerville, Texas
Centerville is a city in Leon County, Texas, United States. The population was 903 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Leon County.
Centerville was so named as it is near the geographic center of Leon County. However, it is also coincidentally located nearly midway between Dallas and Houston.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Centerville has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 903 people, 388 households, and 230 families residing in the city. The population density was 620.9 people per square mile (240.4/km2). There were 464 housing units at an average density of 319.0 per square mile (123.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 75.30% White, 21.82% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 1.66% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99% of the population.
There were 388 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 22.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89.
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Channelview, Texas
Channelview is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and Harris County. The population was 29,685 at the 2000 census. The Handbook of Texas describes Channelview as "an oil refinery suburb of metropolitan Houston."
Channelview, located at the point where the San Jacinto River forms the Old River, is south of Interstate 10 and the Missouri Pacific Railroad and eight miles east of Downtown Houston.
Channelview was given its name since it is located on the northeastern curve of the Houston Ship Channel. Channelview was home to Lorenzo de Zavala, one of the founding fathers of the Republic of Texas. During World War II the area south of Market to the Ship Channel, and what is now DeZavala St. to the tollway was part of the U.S. Army Ordnence Depot.
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Channing, Texas
Channing is a city in Hartley County, Texas, in the United States.It is the county seat of Hartley County. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 356. A July 1, 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 327.
Channing is located at 35°41′1″N 102°19′55″W / 35.68361°N 102.33194°W / 35.68361; -102.33194 (35.683612, -102.331817). It is situated at the junction of U.S. Highway 385, State Highway 354, and FM 767 in southeastern Hartley County, approximately 30 miles south of Dalhart.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.3 square miles (2.6 km²), all of it land.
Channing was founded in 1888 by George Channing Rivers, a paymaster for the Fort Worth and Denver City Railway. The settlement was originally called Rivers. Since the name Rivers duplicated another community in Texas, the name was changed to Channing later that year. Channing developed directly from its association with the XIT Ranch, a property that once included land in as many as ten counties in the Texas Panhandle. In 1891, Willis D. Twitchell platted Channing's business district. At that time, Channing was the headquarters of the XIT. Albert Boyce, the ranch's general manager and one of the most prominent early citizens, built the first house in the community. By 1900, Channing had two stores, a post office, lumber yard, and school. Two elections, one in November 1896 and the other in 1903, were required for Channing to replace Hartley as county seat. The frame courthouse was pulled to Channing on wheels by mounted XIT cowboys in 1903. A brick courthouse was completed in 1906 and the original courthouse was converted into a hotel. One of the first public libraries in the Panhandle was established in 1908 by a local women's club.
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Childress, Texas
Childress (established 1887; incorporated 1890) is a city in Childress County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,778 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Childress County. Like the county, the city is named for George Campbell Childress, a native of Nashville, Tennessee, who was the principal author of the Texas Declaration of Independence. The county and city were incorporated more than four decades after Childress's death.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.3 square miles (21 km2), of which 8.2 square miles (21 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) is water.
Childress is bordered on the west by Hall County, on the southeast by Hardeman County, on the northeast by Harmon County, Oklahoma, on the north by Collingsworth County, and on the south by Cottle County. Childress is situated 110 miles (180 km) from Amarillo on the west, 155 mi from Lubbock, Texas to the southwest, and also 110 miles (180 km) from Wichita Falls on the east. It is situated at the intersection of United States Highways 287, 62, and 83, which extends from Brownsville to Laredo in South Texas to North Dakota. Because of its location, Childress is known as the "Gateway to the Panhandle". Childress is only a few miles from the Oklahoma state boundary, but because of the routing of Highways 83 and 62, the one-way drive to Hollis is about thirty miles. The area surrounding Childress is popular with hunters for quail, deer, dove, and wild hogs. Baylor Lake, located nine miles (14 km) to the northwest, is known for bass fishing.
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Clarendon, Texas
Clarendon is a city in Donley County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,974 at the 2000 census. The county seat of Donley County, Clarendon is located on United States Highway 287 in the Texas Panhandle some sixty miles east of Amarillo. It was established in 1878 by Methodist clergyman L.H. Carhart as a "sobriety settlement" in contrast to typical boom towns of that era. It acquired the sobriquet "Saints Roost" from local cowboys: hence the unusual name of the Clarendon museum, the Saints' Roost Museum.
The Sandell Drive-In, built by Gary Barnhill (born 1920) and named after his daughters, Sandra and Adele, opened on Texas State Highway 70 in 1955 and closed in 1984. In 2001, John Earl Morrow (born ca. 1954), a Clarendon resident and owner of Morrow Drilling and Service, purchased the property from the Barnhills and in August 2002 re-opened the drive-in. The facility, which can handle three hundred cars, is operated by Morrow and volunteers during the summers. Morrow was motivated to bring back the facility because he had viewed films there during his childhood.
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Clarksville, Texas
Clarksville is a city in Red River County, Texas, in the United States in the Northern most part of the Piney Woods region of East Texas. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 3,883. It is the county seat of Red River County.
Clarksville is located at 33°36′40″N 95°3′9″W / 33.61111°N 95.0525°W / 33.61111; -95.0525 (33.611086, -95.052448).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,883 people, 1,530 households, and 1,006 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,299.2 people per square mile (501.4/km²). There were 1,787 housing units at an average density of 597.9 per square mile (230.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 53.39% White, 42.18% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 3.01% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.29% of the population.
There were 1,530 households out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.
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Claude, Texas
Claude is a city in Armstrong County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,313 at the 2000 census. Located east of Amarillo, Claude is the county seat of Armstrong County in the south Texas Panhandle. Claude is part of the Amarillo Metropolitan Statistical Area but is some thirty miles east of Amarillo.
During the first half of the 16th century, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Coronado and his party passed through Claude and Tule Canyon, a scenic wonder to the south of Claude off Texas State Highway 207.
Claude was originally named Armstrong City after several area ranches named Armstrong. The name, however, was changed to Claude in 1887. Claude Ayers, the engineer of the Fort Worth and Denver Railway, the first train to travel through the area, requested that the town be named in his honor.
When Armstrong County was formed in 1890, Claude and Washburn competed to be the county seat. The tie-breaking vote for Claude was reportedly cast by the legendary cattleman Charles Goodnight, former co-owner of the nearby JA Ranch. The Armstrong County Courthouse in Claude dates to 1912.
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Cleburne, Texas
Cleburne is a city in Johnson County, Texas, United States, and a suburb of Fort Worth. According to 2007 United States Census Bureau estimates, the population is 29,050. It is the county seat of Johnson County. Cleburne is named for a Confederate General, Patrick Cleburne. Lake Pat Cleburne, the reservoir that provides water to the city and surrounding area, is also named for him.
Cleburne is Johnson County's third county seat. It was formerly known as Camp Henderson, a temporary Civil War outpost from which Johnson County soldiers would depart for war (most of them would serve under General Cleburne). The city was formally incorporated in 1871.
In August 1886 the Texas Farmers' Alliance met at Lee's Academy and adopted a seventeen point political resolution, commonly known as the Cleburne Demands, which was the first major document of the agrarian revolt occurring at the end of the late nineteenth century.
Cleburne was primarily an agricultural center and county seat until the Santa Fe Railroad opened a major facility there in 1898. During this time the population boomed, as it became a sizable city for the area with over 12,000 residents by 1920.
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Cloverleaf, Texas
Cloverleaf is a census-designated place (CDP) in east central Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 23,508 at the 2000 census.
Cloverleaf originated as a stop on the Beaumont, Sour Lake and Western Railway. A 1936 county highway map indicates an unnamed development which became Cloverleaf. The Handbook of Texas states that a post office may have existed for a short period of time around 1950. In 1990 Cloverleaf had 18,230 residents and 18 churches.
Cloverleaf is located at 29°47′5″N 95°10′23″W / 29.78472°N 95.17306°W / 29.78472; -95.17306 (29.784676, -95.172959). The community is located between the City of Jacinto City and the Channelview CDP along Interstate 10.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,508 people, 7,287 households, and 5,800 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,589.2 people per square mile (2,542.4/km²). There were 7,865 housing units at an average density of 2,204.5/sq mi (850.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 58.77% White, 16.11% African American, 0.59% Native American, 1.51% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 20.27% from other races, and 2.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44.34% of the population.
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Clute, Texas
Clute is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the city population was 10,424. The city gained some fame with the discovery of a fossilized mammoth named Asiel. There is now a restaurant/museum of the same name to honor this discovery.
Clute is located at 29°1′34″N 95°23′40″W / 29.02611°N 95.39444°W / 29.02611; -95.39444 (29.026060, -95.394539).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.6 square miles (15 km2), of which, 5.3 square miles (14 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (5.14%) is water.
Clute's history began at the junction of the old Calvit and Eagle Island Plantations.Alexander (Sandy) Calvit, one of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred, obtained title to the land in 1824.Eagle Island Plantation belonged to Jared Groce, the richest man in Austin's Colony. Calvit's plantation later became the Herndon sugar plantation, owned by John H. Herndon, who married Calvit's only daughter.
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Coldspring, Texas
Coldspring is a city in San Jacinto County, Texas, United States. The population was 691 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Jacinto County which is named after the river that traverses it and shares its name with the Battle which gave Texas its independence.
The history of Coldspring is linked to Stephen F. Austin's first colony in Texas which established, among other areas, San Jacinto County. Austin's original colony extended to the Trinity River watershed, roughly along Texas 156, toward Point Blank. After receiving a commission from the Mexican government to settle the area, Joseph Vehlein, a German immigrant to Mexico, deeded 640 acres (2.6 km2) to Robert Rankin, an American Revolutionary officer. This acreage included the site of Coldspring.
The settlement of Cold Springs (old spelling) began around 1850. In 1848, there existed only a trading post called "Coonskin", later "Fireman's Hill" nearby.
Coldspring had developed into a bustling county seat town by 1915, but disaster struck March 30, 1915 when the wooden courthouse burned, thus removing the economic foundation of the town. Plans for the present courthouse were made, and the building was completed in 1918. Thereafter, the townspeople moved their buildings near the new courthouse at its present location.
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Coleman, Texas
Coleman is a city in Coleman County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,127 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Coleman County.
Coleman is located at 31°49′40″N 99°25′32″W / 31.82778°N 99.42556°W / 31.82778; -99.42556 (31.827694, -99.425689).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16 km2), of which, 6.2 square miles (16 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.64%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,127 people, 2,179 households, and 1,403 families residing in the city. The population density was 831.9 people per square mile (321.4/km²). There were 2,658 housing units at an average density of 431.3 per square mile (166.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.04% White, 2.95% African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 8.89% from other races, and 2.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.93% of the population.
There were 2,179 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.93.
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Colorado City, Texas
Colorado City is a city in and the county seat of Mitchell County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,281 at the 2000 census.
Former U.S. Representative George Mahon of Lubbock was reared in Mitchell County and is honored with a statue in front of the courthouse. The Texas radio pioneer Clint Formby and his wife Margaret Clark Formby, founder of the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame in Fort Worth, lived for a time early in their marriage in Colorado City and actually rented their residence from the Mahons.
Colorado City is located at 32°23′46″N 100°51′44″W / 32.39611°N 100.86222°W / 32.39611; -100.86222 (32.396163, -100.862137).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,281 people, 1,646 households, and 1,124 families residing in the city. The population density was 809.2 people per square mile (312.5/km²). There were 2,076 housing units at an average density of 392.4 per square mile (151.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 76.71% White, 5.09% African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 14.62% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.25% of the population.
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Columbus, Texas
Columbus is a city in Colorado County, Texas, United States, 74 miles (119 km) west of Houston along Interstate 10, on the Colorado River. In 1890, 2,199 people lived in Columbus, Texas; in 1900, there were 1,824 residents. The population was 3,916 as of the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Colorado County. The town's motto is "City of Live Oaks and Live Folks."
Columbus is located at 29°42′21″N 96°32′46″W / 29.70583°N 96.54611°W / 29.70583; -96.54611 (29.705822, -96.546223).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10 km2), all land.
Columbus was established in 1821, on the legendary site of Montezuma's Indian village by members of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred. By late December, colonist's Robert H. Kuykendall with his brother Joseph, and Daniel Gilleland had arrived in the area of Columbus. In 1822, settler Benjamin Beason began operating a ferry across the Colorado River known as Beason's Ferry.
Columbus would become part of Austin's colony in 1822, when the colony was divided into two districts by Mexican governor José F. Trespalacios. The Mexican government granted the rights to establish a town and locals elected town officials. John J. Tumlinson, Sr. was elected alcalde, with Robert Kuykendall captain and Moses Morrison lieutenant. Later in 1834, after the Tumlinson children inherited the estate, they would sell land to William Dewee, whereupon it became known as DeWees crossing. In 1835 it was officially renamed Columbus, in honor of residents from Columbus, Ohio.
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Comanche, Texas
Comanche is a city located in Comanche County in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 4,482 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Comanche County. The town square has been renovated and is becoming a popular tourist attraction.[citation needed] With "Star Beaus" and "karens" on the square and their barbecue and Mexican restaurants, Comanche is also a stop for hunters. Comanche is known for its trophy-sized deer and available deer leases.
A military road known as the "Corn Trail" came through in 1850 to supply area forts and encourage settlement. The town was established in 1856 and the city was incorporated in 1858. Near the modern courthouse is the preserved log structure known as the "Old Cora Courthouse", one of the oldest standing wooden courthouses in Texas. Cora, the former county seat, later became Gustine.
The Comanche County Historical Museum in Comanche features a blacksmith shop, filling station, and doctor's office. A replica saloon depicts the site where gunfighter John Wesley Hardin killed a deputy in 1874.
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Conroe, Texas
Conroe is the seat of Montgomery County and falls within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. It is located about 40 miles (64 km) north of Houston.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city population was 56,207, up from 36,811 in 2000.
The city is named after northern born, Southern Cavalry officer, and Houston lumberman Isaac Conroe. Conroe founded a sawmill there in 1881. The city originally gained in wealth due to the lumber and oil industries. Originally named "Conroe's Switch", the area saw an influx of residents in the late 19th century due to the lumber demands on the piney wood forest of the area.
During the 1930s, due to oil profits, the city boasted more millionaires per capita than any other US city, though only for a brief period of time. Elvis Presley performed at the High School football field on August 24, 1955. Also Los Tigres del Norte performed at the Crighton Theatre in 2009.
After the construction of Interstate 45, many Houstonians began to settle communities around Conroe.
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Cooper, Texas
Cooper ( /ˈkʊpər/) is a city in Delta County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,150 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Delta County. Cooper proclaims itself to be the "Vetch Capital of the World".
Cooper is located at 33° 22' 22" North, 95° 41' 21" West (33.372651, -95.689219). Elevation: 491 ft. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), of which, 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2) of it is land and 0.69% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,150 people, 849 households, and 547 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,494.8 people per square mile (576.5/km²). There were 983 housing units at an average density of 683.4 per square mile (263.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 80.23% White, 15.58% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.44% from other races, and 2.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.95% of the population.
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Corsicana, Texas
Corsicana is a city in Navarro County, Texas, United States. It is located on Interstate 45 some fifty-five miles south of downtown Dallas. The population was 24,485 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Navarro County.
Founded in 1848, Corsicana was named by José Antonio Navarro after the Mediterranean island of Corsica, the birthplace of his father, who died when Navarro and his many siblings were young.
Women's' groups have had a strong role throughout the history of the city, with one of the earliest efforts being the establishment of the Corsicana Female Literary Institute, a school which operated from 1857 through 1870. The first public library in Corsicana opened in 1901 by effort of the women's' clubs of the city. A 1905 library gift by Andrew Carnegie gave the library a permanent home and its first full-time, professionally trained librarian. The library today is housed in a dedicated building downtown and boasts more than 52,283 books, 6,306 audio materials, 783 video materials, and 122 serial subscriptions.
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Cotulla, Texas
Cotulla is a city in and the county seat of La Salle County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,614 at the 2000 census.
In 1868, Polish immigrant Joseph Cotulla arrived in La Salle County and eventually established a large ranching operation. After learning that the International-Great Northern Railroad intended to lay tracks in La Salle County, he worked to establish the town of Cotulla. In 1881, he donated 120 acres of his land to the railroad, and 1882, a depot was built there. In 1883, the town was granted a post office. The same year, Cotulla became the county seat by special election.
In 1973, two railroad locomotives collided in Cotulla, and three people were killed as a result.
In 2008, the area about Cotulla burned in a huge grass fire.
Cotulla is located at 28°26′3″N 99°14′11″W / 28.43417°N 99.23639°W / 28.43417; -99.23639 (28.434144, -99.236343).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
The Nueces River flows through southern Cotulla in a southeastward direction to the Gulf of Mexico near Corpus Christi.
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Crane, Texas
Crane is a city in and the county seat of Crane County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,191 at the 2000 census. An oil boomtown dating from the 1920s, it is still in the center of a prominent oil-producing region. Crane is the only significant town in sparsely-populated Crane County, and also contains the county's only post office.
While the post office dates from 1908, it was the 1926 discovery of oil in the vicinity that brought in enough fortune-seekers to populate a town. Streets are named for the children of O.C. Kinnison, the realtor who drew up the town map. As in other oil boomtowns, development of services lagged behind temporary dwellings for the workers, although paved roads and other basic infrastructure was added as the town grew. Peak population as reported by the U.S. Census was in 1960 at 3,796, and it has declined slightly since, although the town remains the center for servicing the oil fields in Crane County.
Crane is located at 31°23′35″N 102°21′3″W / 31.39306°N 102.35083°W / 31.39306; -102.35083 (31.392949, -102.350751).
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Crockett, Texas
Crockett is a city in Houston County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 7,141. It is the county seat of Houston County.
The town was named after Davy Crockett who reportedly had camped nearby on his way to the Alamo; the site was very near the Old San Antonio Road. A family from Tennessee donated the land for the town and named it after Crockett, whom they had previously known. The town was incorporated in 1837, and a post office was granted the following year. Crockett was connected to Nacogdoches by stage service. In 1839 raids by the Alabama-Coushatta and Cherokee Indians forced the town's residents to take shelter in the fortified log courthouse. Crockett was a training center for Confederate conscripts during the Civil War. The railroad came through in 1872 enabling Crockett to exploit the county's timber resources. By 1885 the town was thriving with a population of 1,200 and the following year a school was opened for black girls. It evolved into Mary Allen Junior College, which operated into the 1970s. In 1904 lignite mining started and it peaked about 1910. The stands of timber were seriously depleted by the 1920s. The population was over 3,000 in the mid 1920s and by 1936, it was nearly 4,500. The population of Crockett increased while most of East Texas declined after World War II. It reached 5,000 by the 1960 census.
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Crosby, Texas
Crosby is a census-designated place in Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,714 at the 2000 census.
Crosby is located at 29°54′38″N 95°03′39″W / 29.910577°N 95.060882°W / 29.910577; -95.060882Coordinates: 29°54′38″N 95°03′39″W / 29.910577°N 95.060882°W / 29.910577; -95.060882 (29.910577, -95.060882).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2), all of it land.
Texas - North East Harris CCD (Total Population 59,937)
Texas - Harris County - Census Tract 2527 (Total Population 4,163)
Texas - Harris County - Census Tract 2518 (Total Population 1,847)
Texas - Harris County - Census Tract 2519.01 (Total Population 9,353)
Texas - Harris County - Census Tract 2519.02 (Total Population 4,778)
The site north of US Route 90 (according to some) was an encampment nicknamed Lick Skillet in 1823 by Humphrey Jackson, one of the 300 original colonists to settle Texas. The name Lick Skillet came from the phrase "The East Texas oxen team drivers sipped the spring sweet water and licked their skillets clean."
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Crosbyton, Texas
Crosbyton is a city in and the county seat of Crosby County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,874 at the 2000 census. Crosbyton is part of the Lubbock Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Former Crosby County administrative County Judge Joseph P. Heflin represented District 85 in the Texas House of Representatives from 2007-2011. During his tenure Heflin was the only Democrat from either West Texas or the Panhandle serving in the legislature. He was unseated in the 2010 general election by the Republican Jim Landtroop of Plainview in Hale County. In 2006, Heflin had defeated Landtroop by fewer than 225 votes.
The city was named for land office commissioner Stephen Crosby.
Crosbyton is located at 33°39′24″N 101°14′20″W / 33.65667°N 101.23889°W / 33.65667; -101.23889 (33.656733, -101.238811).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,874 people, 677 households, and 482 families residing in the city. The population density was 886.9 people per square mile (342.9/km²). There were 781 housing units at an average density of 369.6 per square mile (142.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 62.49% White, 5.71% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 30.15% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47.65% of the population.
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Cross Timbers
The term Cross Timbers is used to describe a strip of land in the United States that runs from southeastern Kansas across Central Oklahoma to Central Texas. Made up of a mix of prairie, savanna, and woodland, it forms part of the boundary between the more heavily forested eastern country and the almost treeless Great Plains, and also marks the western habitat limit of many mammals and insects.
No major metropolitan areas lie wholly within the Cross Timbers, although roughly the western half of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex does, including the cities of Fort Worth, Denton, Arlington, and Weatherford. The western suburbs of the Tulsa metropolitan area and the northeastern suburbs of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area also lie within this area. The main highways that cross the region are I-35 and I-35W going north to south (although they tend to skirt the Cross Timbers' eastern fringe south of Fort Worth) and I-40 going east to west. Numerous U.S. Highways also cross the area.
The Cross Timbers are defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as Ecoregion 29, a Level III ecoregion. Some organizations and maps refer to the Cross Timbers ecoregion as the Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains. The Cross Timbers are contained within the WWF Central forest-grasslands transition ecoregion.
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Crowell, Texas
Crowell is a city in Foard County, Texas, United States. It serves as the county seat, and the population was 1,141 at the 2000 census.
Crowell is located at 33°59′9″N 99°43′28″W / 33.98583°N 99.72444°W / 33.98583; -99.72444 (33.985838, -99.724430).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km2), all of it land.
Elevation is about 1,300 ft (400 m) above sea level. The terrain is varied, but mostly level with rolling hills. Soil varies from slightly sandy loam to mostly sandy. Soil and meteorological conditions make the area suitable for growing wheat, cotton, and hay crops (alfalfa and cane). Little of the area immediately around Crowell has underground water in amounts suitable for irrigation. The majority of the area immediately east of Crowell is dedicated to cultivated crops. The majority of the area immediately west of Crowell is dedicated to raising beef cattle.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,141 people, 465 households, and 292 families residing in the city. The population density was 604.6 people per square mile (233.1/km²). There were 568 housing units at an average density of 301.0 per square mile (116.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.26% White, 3.07% African American, 0.70% Native American, 11.13% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.62% of the population.
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Crystal Beach, Texas
Crystal Beach is an unincorporated area in the Bolivar Peninsula census-designated place, in Galveston County, Texas, United States. Also known as Patton, Crystal Beach stretches 7 miles (10 km) along Texas State Highway 87 in the middle of Bolivar Peninsula.
It is located along 27 miles of beach on the Bolivar Peninsula. It is a popular destination thanks to its permitting of camping and fires, as well as its fishing opportunities. Some fish in the surf, while others take advantage of Rollover Fish Pass or the rocks of the North Jetty. The pass is named for the practice of ship captains from the days of Spanish rule through prohibition, who, to avoid the Galveston customs station, rolled barrels of import or export merchandise over that part of the peninsula.
Crystal Beach is served by the Bolivar Chamber of Commerce, which is the official source for business, tourism and government information for the Bolivar Peninsula.
Crystal Beach and the entire Bolivar Peninsula suffered catastrophic damage from Hurricane Ike on September 12–13, 2008. The majority of the area was damaged by a storm surge of over 20 feet, added to the morning high tide, plus higher waves on top.
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Crystal City, Texas
Crystal City is a city in and the county seat of Zavala County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,190 at the 2000 census. The mascot of Crystal City High School is the Javelina.
Crystal City was originally settled by American farmers and ranchers producing cattle and various crops. The successful production of spinach crops evolved into a dominant industry. By March 26, 1937, spinach growers had erected a statue of the cartoon character Popeye in the town because his reliance on spinach for strength led to greater popularity for the vegetable, which had become a staple cash crop of the local economy. See the Popeye statue web entry.
During World War II, Crystal City was home to the largest of the World War II internment camps, having housed American civilians of German, Japanese, and Italian ancestry. However, the majority of internees were South American citizens.
The camp was administered by the INS and Department of Justice. To reduce hardships during internment and to reunite families, the INS originally intended to detain only Japanese at Crystal City, especially the many Latin-American Japanese families brought to the United States for internment pending repatriation. Germans and Italians, however, were also held in Crystal City. In the fall of 1942, the INS assumed ownership of the Farm Security Administration's migratory farm workers' camp outside Crystal City.
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Cuero, Texas
Cuero is a city in DeWitt County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,571 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of DeWitt County. It is also unofficially known as the "turkey capital of the world" (this is reflected in the Cuero High School mascot, the Gobblers). In 2010, Cuero was named one of the 'Coolest Small Towns in America,' by Budget Travel Magazine.
Cuero is located at 29°5′37″N 97°17′28″W / 29.09361°N 97.29111°W / 29.09361; -97.29111 (29.093638, -97.291122).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.9 square miles (13 km2), of which, 4.9 square miles (13 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.40%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,571 people, 2,500 households, and 1,695 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,331.1 people per square mile (513.6/km²). There were 2,867 housing units at an average density of 580.8 per square mile (224.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.25% White, 16.71% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 12.84% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.73% of the population.
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Daingerfield, Texas
Daingerfield is a city in Morris County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,517 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Morris County.
Ernest Wallace (1906–1985), historian of the South Plains, the Comanche Indians, and the State of Texas, was born in Daingerfield.
Daingerfield is located at 33°1′51″N 94°43′28″W / 33.03083°N 94.72444°W / 33.03083; -94.72444 (33.030721, -94.724451).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,517 people, 957 households, and 694 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,043.0 people per square mile (403.2/km²). There were 1,119 housing units at an average density of 463.7 per square mile (179.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 67.5% White, 26.1% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 3.8% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.3% of the population.
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Dalhart, Texas
Dalhart is a city in Dallam and Hartley counties in the U.S. state of Texas, and the county seat of Dallam County. The population was 7,237 at the 2000 census. Founded in 1901, Dalhart is named for its location on the border of Dallam and Hartley counties. Dalhart sits at the intersection of U.S. Highway 87, 385, and 54. Two miles south of Dalhart is Rita Blanca Canyon, site of Rita Blanca Lake State Park.
The city of Dalhart is known by many Texans as a gateway to the Colorado Rockies. The city's position in the northwestern corner of the Texas Panhandle -- only the town of Texline is further northwestward in Texas—makes it a pivotal stopover for travelers going to or returning from the mountains. The City was founded at the site of a Railroad junction, which heavily contributed to its early growth.
Dalhart is also known as the "XIT City" because of its relationship with the historic XIT Ranch. The ranch was a 3,000,000-acre (12,000 km2) plot of land traded in exchange for the construction of the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The ranch was dissolved in 1912, but its history is celebrated with the city's XIT Museum and the XIT Rodeo and Reunion. Held annually on the first full Thursday through Sunday weekend of August, the event includes the world's largest free barbecue, junior rodeo as well as Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association events, three nights of live music, and a variety of other offering to celebrate the occasion. The Empty Saddle Monument, located at the crossroads of Dalhart, was constructed in 1940 at the request of Bobby Dycke, the wife of a ranch hand, to recognize the contribution of the XIT cowboys to the history of the region.
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Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.
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Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (colloquially referred to as the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex). As of the 2010 census, the county had an official population of 2,368,139 and is now the ninth most populous county in the United States. Dallas county was founded in 1846 and was named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States.
Its county seat is Dallas, which is also the largest city in the county, the third-largest city in Texas, and the eighth-largest city in the United States. Dallas County is the most populous county within the metropolitan area and contains the largest of its principal cities.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 908 square miles (2,352 km2), of which 880 square miles (2,279 km2) is land and 29 square miles (75 km2) (3.19%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,218,899 people, 807,621 households, and 533,837 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,523 people per square mile (974/km²). There were 854,119 housing units at an average density of 971/sq mi (375/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 58.35% White, 20.31% Black or African American, 0.56% Native American, 3.98% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 14.04% from other races, and 2.70% from two or more races. 29.87% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Decatur, Texas
Decatur is a city located in Wise County, Texas, United States. This city was named after Stephen Decatur, Jr. The population was 5,201 at the 2000 census. A July 1, 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 6,432. It is the county seat of Wise County. Decatur is part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex and is located 25 miles northwest of Fort Worth and 45 miles northwest of Dallas.
Decatur is located at 33°13′52″N 97°35′19″W / 33.23111°N 97.58861°W / 33.23111; -97.58861 (33.231073, -97.588628).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.0 square miles (18.0 km²). 7.0 square miles (18.0 km²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. The highest point of elevation in the county is at the location that the courthouse in Decatur currently occupies. The intent of placing the town on this high point of elevation was to be able to sight and ward off any incoming attacks or raids by Native Americans.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,201 people residing in the city. The population density was 747.6 people per square mile (288.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.64% White, 1.98% African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 12.44% from other races, and 2.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.53% of the population.
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Deer Park, Texas
Deer Park is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city is located in Harris County and is situated in Southeast Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Deer Park was 32,010.
Deer Park was founded in 1892 by Renford Thomas Simonton, a settler from Illinois. The town was named for the large number of deer that roamed the Gulf plains. A railroad station opened later that year and a post office followed in 1893.
The subdivision was established in 1893 and was the site of a Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway station by about 1894. A Deer Park post office was established in 1893, discontinued in 1919, and reestablished in 1930. In 1896, the community, with a population of forty, had a hotel, a general store, and three resident carpenters. By 1922 Deer Park had dwindled down to almost nothing with four houses, one little schoolhouse, and an old hotel with a few scattered shacks along the railroad right-of-way. 1928 brought in Shell Oil Company breaking ground on a new refinery. In the 1930s, an independent school district was established. By 1940, the population had grown to 100. By 1946, however, the area began to flourish as Deer Park became the site of refineries and toluene plants for the production of TNT.[citation needed]
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Del Rio, Texas
Del Rio is a border city in and the county seat of Val Verde County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 35,591. Del Rio is connected with Ciudad Acuña via the Lake Amistad Dam International Crossing and Del Río – Ciudad Acuña International Bridge. Del Rio is also home to Laughlin Air Force Base, the busiest pilot training base in the United States Air Force.
The Spanish established a small settlement south of the Rio Grande in present-day Mexico, and some Spaniards settled on what became the United States side of the Rio Grande as early as the 18th century. However, true development of the U.S. side of the Rio Grande did not begin until after the American Civil War.
The San Felipe Springs, about 8 miles (13 km) east of the Rio Grande on the U.S. side of the border, produces 90 million US gallons (340,000 m3) of water a day. Developers acquired several thousand acres of land adjacent to the springs, and to San Felipe Creek formed by the springs, from the State of Texas in exchange for building a canal system to irrigate the area. The developers sold tracts of land surrounding the canals to recover their investment and show a profit. These investors formed the San Felipe Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Irrigation Company in 1868. The organization completed construction of a network of irrigation canals in 1871. Residents referred to the slowly developing town as San Felipe Del Rio because local lore said the name came from early Spanish explorers who offered a Mass at the site on St. Philip's Day, 1635.
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Denison, Texas
Denison is a city in Grayson County, Texas, United States. The population was 22,773 at the 2000 census; it is estimated to have grown to 24,127 in 2009. Denison is one of two principal cities in the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The city of Denison was founded in 1872 in conjunction with the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad (MKT) or "Katy" depot. It was named after the wealthy Ryan Greenwood vice president George Denison. Because the town was established at the intersection of the MKT and the Red River (both important conduits of transportation in the industrial era), it came to be an important commercial center in the 19th century American West. In 1875 John Henry "Doc" Holliday had offices in Denison.
During the phylloxera epidemic of the mid-19th century, which destroyed the vast majority of wine grapes in Europe, Denison horticulturalist T.V. Munson pioneered methods in creating phylloxera resistant vines, and earned induction into the French Legion of Honor, as well as sister city status for Denison and Cognac, France.
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Denton, Texas
Denton is the county seat of Denton County in the U.S. state of Texas. Its population was 113,383 according to the 2010 United States Census, making it the eleventh largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is located 38 miles (61 km) south of the border between Oklahoma and Texas and 39 miles (63 km) northwest of Dallas.
A Texas land grant led to the formation of Denton County in 1846, and the city was formed in 1857. Both were named after pioneer and Texas militia captain John B. Denton. The establishment of the University of North Texas in 1890 and Texas Woman's University in 1901 distinguished the city from neighboring regions. With over 45,000 students enrolled at the two universities, Denton is often characterized as a college town. As a result of the universities' growth, educational services play a large role in the city's economy.
Denton is known for its active music life. The North Texas State Fair and Rodeo and the Denton Arts and Jazz Festival attract over 300,000 people to the city each year. In 2006, Money magazine named it one of the "Top 100 Best Places to Live in America."
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Dickens, Texas
Dickens is a city in and the county seat of Dickens County, Texas, United States. The population was 332 at the 2000 census.
Charles Weldon Cannon (1915–1997), a Dickens County native, made his famous boots and saddles in Dickens.
Dickens is located at 33°37′17″N 100°50′6″W / 33.62139°N 100.835°W / 33.62139; -100.835 (33.621341, -100.834987).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 332 people, 133 households, and 88 families residing in the city. The population density was 340.1 people per square mile (130.8/km²). There were 163 housing units at an average density of 167.0/sq mi (64.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.58% White, 4.52% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.04% of the population.
There were 133 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Dickinson, Texas
Dickinson is a city in Galveston County, Texas, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 18,680 at the 2010 census.
Dickinson is located on a tract of land granted to John Dickinson in 1824, and named after him. A settlement had been established in this area on Dickinson Bayou before 1850. The Galveston, Houston, and Henderson Railroad was built directly through Dickinson. This line was used in the American Civil War to successfully retake Galveston.
The Dickinson Land and Improvement Association was organized in the 1890s by Fred M. Nichols and eight other businessmen. It marketed to potential farmers with claims of the soil's suitability for food crops, and to socialites with the creation of the Dickinson Picnic Grounds and other attractions. By 1911, the Galveston–Houston Electric Railway had three stops in Dickinson, and the Oleander Country Club was a popular destination for prominent Galvestonians.
In 1905, Italian ambassador Baron Mayor des Planches convinced about 150 Italians from crowded eastern cities to move to Dickinson. They joined the dozens relocated there after flooding in Bryan forced them to seek new homes.
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Dimmitt, Texas
Dimmitt is a city in Castro County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,375 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Castro County. It is located on the old Ozark Trail, a road system from St. Louis, Missouri, to El Paso, Texas. The Ozark Trail is marked at the courthouse.
Dimmitt is located at 34°32′57″N 102°18′55″W / 34.54917°N 102.31528°W / 34.54917; -102.31528 (34.549052, -102.315355).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land. Dimmitt is south of Hereford, the seat of Deaf Smith County.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,375 people, 1,464 households, and 1,124 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,116.4 people per square mile (816.0/km²). There were 1,692 housing units at an average density of 818.5 per square mile (315.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.02% White, 2.99% African American, 1.69% Native American, 18.10% from other races, and 2.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 56.94% of the population.
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Dumas, Texas
Dumas is a city in Moore County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,691 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Moore County. Located approximately fifty miles north of Amarillo, the city is named for its founder, Louis Dumas (1856–1923). Dumas Avenue, the main thoroughfare, is also United States Highways 287 and 87.
Window on the Plains Museum, which offers exhibits on Moore County and the Texas Panhandle, is located on South Dumas Avenue, the main thoroughfare. Dumas is home to Moore County Airport, a general aviation airport 2-miles west of the central business district.
The Dumas government claims, with some documentation, that the song "I'm a Ding Dong Daddy From Dumas" was written about the city. Composed in the late 1920s by Phil Baxter (a native Texan who lived for a time in Dumas) and Carl Moore, the song has also sometimes been claimed by Dumas in Desha County in southeastern Arkansas.
Dumas is the home of Republican former State Representative David A. Swinford, now a lobbyist, and the birth place of Joe "King" Carrasco.
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Eagle Pass, Texas
Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County The population was 27,183 as of the 2010 census.
Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande. The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area (EG-PN) is one of six bi-national metropolitan areas along the United States-Mexican border. As of January 2008 (United States Census, 2008), the Eagle Pass Metropolitan Area's population is 48,401 people, and the Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area's population is 169,771.
Eagle Pass was the first United States settlement on the Rio Grande. Originally known as Camp Eagle Pass, it served as a temporary outpost for the Texas militia, which had been ordered to stop illegal trade with Mexico during the Mexican-American War.
The United States Army established the presumably permanent Fort Duncan on March 27, 1849, a couple of miles upstream from Camp Eagle Pass. Captain Sidney Burbank supervised the construction of Fort Duncan, which was named after Colonel James Duncan, a hero of the Mexican War. After the Mexican-American war, trade flourished under the protection of the fort. The fort was near the trail of westward immigration to California. It also served as an outpost against hostile Apache. It was abandoned and reopened several times. In March 1860, it served as the base of operations against the border assaults arranged by Juan N. Cortina.
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Eastland, Texas
Eastland is a city in Eastland County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,769 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Eastland County.
During the 1920s, Eastland, like nearby Cisco, Ranger, and Desdemona, were petroleum boomtowns.
Eastland is known for the legend of "Old Rip", a horned toad that lived many years sealed in the cornerstone of the previous Eastland courthouse built in 1897. In 1928, the current courthouse was erected, the prior cornerstone was opened, and "Old Rip" was found alive. The animal, a kind of lizard, received national publicity. It died in 1929 of pneumonia and was placed in a glass-front casket on view in the present courthouse.
Eastland is located at 32°23′55″N 98°49′16″W / 32.39861°N 98.82111°W / 32.39861; -98.82111 (32.398715, -98.821144).
Eastland is located 96 miles West-Southwest of Fort Worth, Texas. The city is accessed by Interstate 20 between exits 340 to the south and 343 to the east. Interstate 20 starts going due west after passing Eastland from Fort Worth.
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Edinburg, Texas
Edinburg is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 77,100 at the 2010 census. The University of Texas–Pan American, the only fully accredited four-year university in the Rio Grande Valley, is located in Edinburg.
Edinburg is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas.
In 1908, John Closner, William Briggs, Argyle McAllen, Plutarco de la Viña and Dennis B. Chapin developed a new community (the town square of which is now located at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 281 and State Highway 107). The town was named Chapin in honor of one of the developers. It became the county seat of Hidalgo County in a dramatic, nighttime covert operation in which the county records were removed from the previous county seat, Hidalgo, Texas. When Dennis Chapin was involved in the shooting death of Oscar J. Rountree at the Dan Breen Saloon in San Antonio, Texas, the community changed its name to Edinburg to honor John Young, a prominent businessman who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. The town was incorporated in 1919.
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Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north, and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west.San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The eastern portion of the plateau is the Texas Hill Country.
According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the following 40 counties comprise the Edwards Plateau:
The bedrock consists primarily of limestone, with elevations ranging between 100 ft. and 3000 ft. Caves are numerous.
The landscape of the Plateau is mostly savanna scattered with trees. It mostly lacks deep soil suitable for farming, though the soil is fertile mollisols and some cotton, grain sorghum and oats are grown. For the most part, though, the thin soil and rough terrain areas are primarily grazing regions, with cattle, sheep and Angora goats predominant. Several rivers cross the region, which generally flow to the south and east through the Texas Hill Country toward the Gulf of Mexico; springs occur (in wet years), however permanent surface water supplies are sparse throughout the area, except for man-made reservoirs. The area is well drained; rainwater flows into the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone at the south of the plateau to feed rivers to the south. Rainfall varies from 15 to 33 in. per year, on average, from northwest to southeast, and the area has a moderate temperature and a reasonably long growing season.
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El Paso, Texas
El Paso /ɛlˈpæsoʊ/ is the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in far West Texas. According to the 2010 census the city's population is 649,121. It is the sixth largest city in Texas and the 19th largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County, whose population in 2010 was 800,647.
El Paso stands on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), across the border from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The two cities form a combined international metropolitan area, sometimes called El Paso–Juárez, with Juárez being the significantly larger of the two in population. They have a combined population of two million, two-thirds of which reside in Juárez. In 2010 El Paso was awarded an All-America City Award, the oldest community-recognition program in the United States.
El Paso is home to the University of Texas at El Paso (founded in 1914 as The Texas State School of Mines and Metallurgy, and later, Texas Western College; its current name dates from 1967) and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso. Fort Bliss, one of the largest military complexes of the United States Army, lies to the east and northeast of the city, with training areas extending north into New Mexico, up to the White Sands Missile Range and neighboring Holloman Air Force Base in Alamogordo. El Paso is the first large city in the world to have a spaceport in the vicinity. Spaceport America, which lies 90 miles from El Paso, has seen the completion of several successful manned, suborbital flights. The Franklin Mountains extend into El Paso from the north and nearly divide the city into two sections; the western half forms the beginnings of the Mesilla Valley, and the eastern slopes connect in the central business district at the south end of the mountain range.
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Eldorado, Texas
Eldorado is a city in and the county seat of Schleicher County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,951 at the 2000 census, but dropped to 1,800 according to a July 2009 estimate.Eldorado is located on U.S. Highway 277 some twenty-one miles north of Sonora and forty-three miles south of San Angelo, Texas.
Eldorado is located at 30°51′39″N 100°35′54″W / 30.86083°N 100.59833°W / 30.86083; -100.59833 (30.860746, -100.598329).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,951 people, 712 households, and 513 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,407.5 people per square mile (541.9/km²). There were 838 housing units at an average density of 604.6 per square mile (232.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.63% White, 2.15% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 24.24% from other races, and 2.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 53.92% of the population.
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Emory, Texas
Emory is a city in Rains County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,021 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Rains County. Previously known as Springville, the city is named after Emory Rains who was a legislator from the area. Rains was the author of the Homestead Law of Texas which was later used as a model for the protection of homesteads throughout the United States. Special legislation passed to create Rains County called for the citizens to vote on the location of the county seat and for that selected town to be renamed Emory.
Emory is located at 32°52′36″N 95°45′59″W / 32.876773°N 95.766404°W / 32.876773; -95.766404 (32.876773, -95.766404).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,021 people, 410 households, and 261 families residing in the city. The population density was 660.1 people per square mile (254.3/km2). There were 481 housing units at an average density of 311.0 per square mile (119.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.50% White, 5.48% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.39% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.94% of the population.
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Fairfield, Texas
Fairfield is a city in Freestone County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,094 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Freestone County.
Fairfield is located at 31°43′19″N 96°9′29″W / 31.72194°N 96.15806°W / 31.72194; -96.15806 (31.721940, -96.158011).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.5 square miles (12 km2), all of it land. Also according to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, the population of Fairfield is 3,705.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,094 people, 1,235 households, and 791 families residing in the city. The population density was 685.6 people per square mile (264.9/km²). There were 1,431 housing units at an average density of 317.1 per square mile (122.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.46% White, 21.43% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 4.65% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.50% of the population.
There were 1,235 households out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.06.
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Falfurrias, Texas
Falfurrias is a city in and the county seat of Brooks County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,297 at the 2000 census. The town is named for founder Edward Cunningham Lasater's ranch, La Mota de Falfurrias. In 1893, the Falfurrias ranch was one of the largest in Texas at some 350,000 acres.
Falfurrias is located at 27°13′36″N 98°8′42″W / 27.22667°N 98.145°W / 27.22667; -98.145 (27.226529, -98.144922). The city is centered around the intersection of U.S. Highway 281 and State Highway 285. Falfurrias is approximately 81 miles southwest of Corpus Christi, 90 miles southeast of Laredo, and 36 miles south of Alice.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2), all of it land.
Falfurrias' founding and development were largely due to the efforts of Edward Cunningham Lasater, a pioneer Rio Grande Valley rancher and developer. In 1895, he started a cattle ranch in what was then northern Starr County. At one point, it was one of the largest ranches in Texas. With the extension of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway south from Alice to his ranch in 1904, Lasater founded the town of Falfurrias and subdivided a sizable portion of his ranch land for sale to other farmers. In 1898, a post office opened in the community. A local newspaper began publication in 1906. Lasater brought in his Jersey cows and established a creamery in 1909. Sweet cream butter and other products from Edward Lasater's creamery company made the town a familiar name across the state. But that butter is no longer made from milk produced in Falfurrias. Don Pedro Jaramillo, a Mexican-born curandero known as "The Healer of Los Olmos," was buried in Falfurrias in 1907 and is venerated at a shrine there.
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Farwell, Texas
Farwell is a city in and the county seat of Parmer County, Texas, United States. Farwell is located on the Texas-New Mexico border with the town of Texico, New Mexico on the opposite side. It is located 10 miles (16 km) east of Clovis, New Mexico and 88 miles (142 km) northwest of Lubbock, Texas.
The early years of Farwell were tied to the legenday XIT Ranch, which covered parts of twelve Texas counties prior to its closing in the 1940s.
One of the few obelisks marking the Ozark Trail is located at Farwell City Park. The lighted structure was unveiled in 2010 at a cost of $11,000. The Ozark Trail extended from St. Louis, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Other such markers are in Wellington, Dimmitt, and Tulia, Texas.
Farwell lies on the level plains of the Llano Estacado at 34°22′59″N 103°2′18″W / 34.38306°N 103.03833°W / 34.38306; -103.03833 (34.382919, -103.038339).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,364 people, 499 households, and 346 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,666.8 people per square mile (642.2/km²). There were 560 housing units at an average density of 684.3 per square mile (263.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.00% White, 0.44% African American, 0.51% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 20.82% from other races, and 2.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.96% of the population.
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Floresville, Texas
Floresville is a city in Wilson County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,448 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Wilson County. The city is also part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Floresville was the birthplace of former Texas Governor, United States Secretary of the Treasury, and Republican presidential contender John Bowden Connally, Jr. (1917–1993), and his seven siblings, including actor Merrill Connally (1921–2001) and Wayne Connally (1923–2000), a former member of both houses of the Texas State Legislature. The Connally Memorial Medical Center in Floresville is named for John, Merrill, and Wayne Connally.
Floresville was also the birthplace of Vicente T. Ximenes (born 1919), a former member of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and a civil rights activist.
Floresville is located at 29°8′11″N 98°9′28″W / 29.13639°N 98.15778°W / 29.13639; -98.15778 (29.136255, -98.157908).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12.3 km²), all of it land.
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Floydada, Texas
Floydada is a city in and the county seat of Floyd County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,038 at the 2010 census.
According to the Texas State Historical Association, the community of Floydada, originally named Floyd City, was established on 640 acres of land donated by James B. and Caroline Price of Jefferson City, Missouri. Floydada won the county seat over Della Plain. When a post office came to town, the name was changed to Floydada. Some claim the new name was meant to be Floydalia and was garbled in transmission to Washington; others say it was a combination of the county name and that of donor James Price's mother, Ada; still another version is that it was named for Caroline Price's parents, Floyd and Ada. Floydada became an important railroad junction in 1928 when the Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railway finally arrived.
Floydada is located at 33°59′2″N 101°20′14″W / 33.98389°N 101.33722°W / 33.98389; -101.33722 (33.983771, -101.337259).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
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Fort Davis, Texas
Fort Davis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,050 at the 2000 census and 1,041 according to a 2007 estimate. It is the county seat of Jeff Davis County. It was the site of Fort Davis established in 1854 on the San Antonio-El Paso Road through west Texas and named after Jefferson Davis, who was then the Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce.
Fort Davis is located at 30°35′34″N 103°53′31″W / 30.59278°N 103.89194°W / 30.59278; -103.89194 (30.592880, -103.891996).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.6 square miles (15 km2), all land.
Fort Davis has the highest elevation above sea level of any county seat in Texas; the elevation is 5,050 feet.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,050 people, 415 households, and 298 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 188.2 people per square mile (72.7/km²). There were 525 housing units at an average density of 94.1 per square mile (36.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.29% White, 0.19% African American, 0.48% Native American, 7.62% from other races, and 3.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.33% of the population.
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Fort Stockton, Texas
Fort Stockton is a city in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,535 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Pecos County.
Fort Stockton is located at 30°53′29″N 102°53′6″W / 30.89139°N 102.885°W / 30.89139; -102.885 (30.891383, -102.885032).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,535 people, 2,790 households, and 2,106 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,531.3 people per square mile (591.7/km²). There were 3,189 housing units at an average density of 622.4 per square mile (240.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.06% White, 0.89% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 25.16% from other races, and 2.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71% of the population.
There were 2,790 households out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.25.
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Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the 16th-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas. Located in North Central Texas, just southeast of the Texas Panhandle, the city is a cultural gateway into the American West and covers nearly 300 square miles (780 km2) in Tarrant, Denton, and Wise counties, serving as the seat for Tarrant County. According to the 2010 Census, Fort Worth had a population of 741,206. It has been estimated that by 2030 it will have 1,211,665 residents. The city is the second most populous in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.
The city was established in 1849 as an Army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River. Today Fort Worth still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design.USS Fort Worth (LCS-3) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city.
Major General William Jenkins Worth (1794–1849) was second in command to General Zachary Taylor at the opening of the Mexican–American War in 1846. After the war, Worth was placed in command of the Department of Texas in 1849. In January 1849 Worth proposed a line of ten forts to mark the western Texas frontier from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River. One month later Worth died from cholera. General William S. Harney assumed command of the Department of Texas and ordered Major Ripley A. Arnold to find a new fort site near the West Fork and Clear Fork. On June 6, 1849, Arnold established a camp on the bank of the Trinity River and named the post Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth. In August 1849 Arnold moved the camp to the north-facing bluff which overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River.
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Franklin, Texas
Franklin is a city in Robertson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,470 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Robertson County. Franklin is part of the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.
Franklin is located at 31°1′34″N 96°29′10″W / 31.02611°N 96.48611°W / 31.02611; -96.48611 (31.026222, -96.486086).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,470 people, 533 households, and 351 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,594.4 people per square mile (616.9/km²). There were 626 housing units at an average density of 679.0 per square mile (262.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.51% White, 19.52% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.93% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.84% of the population.
There were 533 households out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.20.
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Freeport, Texas
Freeport is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is situated in Southeast Texas. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the city population was 12,708.
The Dow Chemical Company is the major employer in Freeport, and the city is home to the company's largest integrated site.
Freeport is in the 14th congressional district, and is represented by Congressman Ron Paul.
Freeport was officially founded in November 1912 by the Freeport Sulphur Company. The population was 300. However, by 1929, that population had grown to 3,500, and to 4,100 by 1939, influencing a steady increase of economic expansion in Freeport.
By 1937, a Freeport School District had been established, consisting of several segregated schools and twenty-seven teachers. There were two white schools, one black school, and a high school.
Freeport's most substantial economic growth began with the construction of Dow Chemical Company facilities in the city during 1939. This company still provides most of the economic resources of the community. It is the company's largest single site today.[citation needed]
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Fresno, Texas
Fresno is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States. The population was 19,069 at the 2010 census.
Fresno is located in the extra-territorial jurisdiction (ETJ) of Houston, which is the fourth largest city in the nation in population. Fresno physically borders Houston to the north, the suburban Fort Bend County cities of Missouri City to the west and northwest, Arcola to the south and southwest and Pearland to the east and Rosharon to the southeast.
Fresno is located at 29°31′36″N 95°27′35″W / 29.52667°N 95.45972°W / 29.52667; -95.45972 (29.526728, -95.459849).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.0 square miles (23 km2), of which, 9.0 square miles (23 km2) of it is land and 0.11% is water.
A settler from Fresno, California, reportedly chose the name. The town is on land patented in 1824, once surrounded by cotton plantations. Fresno acquired a post office in 1910. In 1914 it had a telephone connection, a general store, a hardware store, and a population of thirty-two. By 1933 the town had only ten inhabitants and one business. In 1936 it had three rows of dwellings on both sides of a paved highway (old Hwy 288, present day FM 521) and was served by the International-Great Northern Railroad. By 1946 the population had risen to 100, a level maintained throughout the 1960s. In 1970 the figure had increased to 120; two years later it had grown to 161. During the 1970s and 1980s the population of Fresno increased more rapidly as the area was affected by growth of Houston.
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Friendswood, Texas
Friendswood is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city lies in Galveston and Harris counties. As of the 2010 census, the population of Friendswood was 35,805.
In 2007, CNN/Money Magazine rated Friendswood as one of "America's Best Places to Live."
Friendswood was founded in 1895 by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Today, Friendswood houses the Houston area headquarters for the Quaker Society.[citation needed]
Friendswood is located at 29°30′45″N 95°11′53″W / 29.5125°N 95.19806°W / 29.5125; -95.19806 (29.512532, -95.197933).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.9 square miles (54.1 km2), of which 20.7 square miles (53.7 km2) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km2), or 0.69%, is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 29,037 people, 10,107 households, and 8,085 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,381.2 people per square mile (533.4/km²). There were 10,405 housing units at an average density of 495.0 per square mile (191.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.09% White, 2.70% African American, 0.40% Native American, 2.39% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.79% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.79% of the population.
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Gail, Texas
Gail is a Census Designated Place in Borden County, Texas, United States. Located at the junction of U.S. Highway 180 and Farm to Market Road 669, it is the county seat of Borden County. The town and county are named for Gail Borden, Jr., of Houston, the inventor of condensed milk. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 236.
Founded in 1891 to coincide with the organization of Borden County, Gail has served as county seat for the duration of its existence. Borden County had remained quite sparsely populated until 1903, when the locally famed "War of Ribbons", inspired by a state sanctioned land grab, took place. The conflict took its name from the practice of established ranchers displaying their affiliation and identity by way of a blue ribbon on their sleeves, whereas new settlers to the area designated theirs with a similarly placed red ribbon. By 1910, Gail was home to more than 700 residents, and though this would fall to 600 by 1912 the community remained the economic and governmental hub of Borden County.
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Gainesville, Texas
Gainesville is a city in and the county seat of Cooke County, Texas, United States. The population was 15,538 at the 2000 census.
Founded in 1850, the city of Gainesville was established on a 40-acre tract of land donated by Mary E. Clark. City residents called their new community Liberty, which proved short-lived, as a Liberty, Texas already existed. It was suggested by one of the original settlers of Cooke County, Colonel William Fitzhugh, that the town be named after General Edmund Pendleton Gaines. Gaines, a United States General under whom Fitzhugh had served, had been sympathetic with the Texas Revolution.
The first hint of prosperity arrived with the Butterfield Stagecoach in September 1858, bringing freight, passengers, and mail. During the Civil War, the Great Hanging, a controversial trial and hanging of suspected Union loyalists, brought the new town to the attention of the state and came close to ripping the county apart. In the decade after the Civil War, Gainesville had its first period of extended growth, catalyzed by the expansion of the cattle industry in Texas. Gainesville, only seven miles from the Oklahoma border, became a supply point for cowboys driving herds north to Kansas. The merchants of Gainesville reaped considerable benefits from the passing cattle drives.
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Galena Park, Texas
Galena Park is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 10,887 at the 2010 census.
The area of Galena Park began as the settlement of Clinton in 1835. The settlement originally served as a farming and ranching community but in the 1880s transformed into a railroad center along the new Port of Houston. With the coming of the petrochemical industry in the early 1900s, Clinton again transformed into a refinery center.
Clinton attempted to establish a post office in 1935, but the request was denied as another Clinton, Texas had established the name. The settlement's name was changed to Galena Park after the Galena Signal Oil Company of Texas, which built the first refinery there. Galena Park's original name survives today as the name of a major street in the city, Clinton Drive. Because of the 1935 incorporation, Houston did not incorporate Galena Park's territory into its city limits, while Houston annexed surrounding areas that were unincorporated. By the late 1930s Houston was growing as a port, so Galena Park expanded. Since the 1940s area residents considered the city to be a part of Greater Houston.
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Galveston County
Galveston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the population was 291,309. Its county seat is Galveston. League City is the largest city in Galveston County in terms of population; [1] between 2000 and 2005 it surpassed Galveston as the county's largest city. Galveston County was founded in 1838.
One of the first major settlements in the area that is now Galveston County was the town of Campeche on Galveston Island, created by the pirate Jean Lafitte. Lafitte created a prosperous pirate kingdom around the Galveston Bay until the United States Navy ousted him from the area. The area came under Mexican rule where Galveston became a significant port through the Texas Revolution.
Galveston County was formally established under the Republic of Texas on May 15, 1838. The county was formed from territory taken from Harrisburg, Liberty, and Brazoria counties, with governmental organization taking place in 1839. The island and city of Galveston was by far the most important population center. The city of Galveston was the republic's largest city and its center of commerce and culture. Port Bolivar on the Bolivar Peninsula was a port of secondary importance. Other development in the area was initially mostly ranching interests and small farming communities. Texas soon joined the United States and Galveston's importance continued to grow as it came to dominate the worldwide cotton trade. As railroads between Galveston, Harrisburg, Houston and other towns were built during the 19th century small communities grew up along the rail lines. Nevertheless, Galveston still dominated. At the end of the 19th century a group of investors established Texas City directly across the West Bay from Galveston with the hope of making it a competing port city. The port began operations just before the turn of the century.
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Galveston Island
Galveston Island is a barrier island on the Texas Gulf coast in the United States, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) southeast of Houston. The entire island, with the exception of Jamaica Beach, is within the city limits of the City of Galveston.
The island is about 27 miles (43 kilometers) long and no more than 3 miles (5 kilometers) wide at its widest point. The island is oriented generally northeast-southwest, with the Gulf of Mexico on the east and south, West Bay on the west, and Galveston Bay on the north. The island's main access point from the mainland is the Interstate Highway 45 causeway that crosses West Bay on the northeast side of the island. The far north end of the island is separated from the Bolivar Peninsula by Galveston Harbor, the entrance to Galveston Bay and the Houston Ship Channel. Ferry service is available between Galveston Island and the Bolivar Peninsula. The southern end of the island is separated from the mainland by San Luis Pass. The San Luis Pass-Vacek Toll Bridge connects the San Luis Pass Road on Galveston Island with the Bluewater Highway that leads south into the town of Surfside Beach.
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Galveston Seawall
The Galveston Seawall is a seawall in Galveston, Texas, USA that was built after the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 for protection from future hurricanes. Construction began in September, 1902, and the initial segment was completed on July 29, 1904. From 1904 to 1963, the seawall was extended from 3.3 miles (5.3 km) to over 10 miles (16 km) long.
Reporting in the aftermath of the 1983 Hurricane Alicia, the Corps of Engineers estimated that $100 million in damage was avoided because of the seawall. On September 13, 2008 Hurricane Ike's storm surge and large waves over-topped the seawall. As a result, a commission was established by the Texas Governor following the hurricane to investigate preparing for and mitigating future disasters.
A proposal has been put forth to build an "Ike Dike," a massive levee system which would protect the Galveston Bay, and the important industrial facilities which line the coast and the ship channel, from a future, potentially more destructive storm. The proposal has gained widespread support from a variety of business interests. As of 2009[update] it is currently only at the conceptual stage.
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Galveston, Texas
Galveston ( /ˈɡælvɨstən/) is a coastal city located on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census[update], the city had a total population of 47,743 within an area of 208 square miles (540 km2). Located within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, the city is the seat and second-largest city of Galveston County in population.
Named after Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, Galveston's first European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816. The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its successful independence from Spain. The city served as the main port for the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution and later served as the capital of the Republic of Texas.
During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the United States. Galveston is known for the hurricane that devastated the city in 1900. The natural disaster that followed still counts as the deadliest in American history.
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Garden City, Texas
Garden City is a Census Designated Place in Glasscock County, Texas, United States. It lies near the center of the county, approximately 27 miles south of Big Spring. Garden City serves as the Glasscock County seat, and at the 2010 Census, had a population of 334. The ZIP code is 79739.
Garden City's history begins in 1886, when what became the town's post office was established in a general store, and a settlement began to develop in the area around the business. The post office was to be named after the store proprietor, a man by the name of Gardner. However, after a clerical error by officials in Washington, the postal franchise was granted under the name Garden City.
Garden City was the first Texas community platted by renowned surveyor W. D. Twichell, a Minnesota native.
In 1893, Glasscock County was organized, and Garden City vied for the county seat along with two other area communities, New California and Dixie. New California was ultimately chosen as the county seat; it was located in a less flood prone region and had a readily accessible water supply. However, at the time of the county's organization, New California consisted of a mere two dwellings and an equally sparse population, whereas Garden City boasted a school, the general store/post office, and several homes. In a unique compromise, most of Garden City's structures were placed on wheels and relocated to the New California site, and on April 5, 1893 the settlement was renamed Garden City. A two story stone courthouse was constructed later that same year, followed by a new, larger courthouse in 1910 (with the former building remaining in use as the Glasscock County Jail).
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Gatesville, Texas
Gatesville is a city in and the county seat of Coryell County in Central Texas, United States of America. The population was 15,591 at the 2000 census. The city has five of the eight prisons and state jails for women operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and one of the facilities, the Mountain View Unit, has the state's death row for women.
Gatesville is home to the Mitchell Collection that is said to be the largest spur collection in the world and earned Gatesville the title "Spur Capital of Texas", as well as one of the last fully operational, full-time drive-in theaters in Texas.
In 2000, The Gatesville Hornets won the Texas State 3A High School Football Championship.
Former President George W. Bush's Prairie Chapel Ranch is less than 25 miles northeast of Gatesville in nearby McLennan County.
The Leon River runs past Gatesville and crosses under Main Street (U.S. 84) on the west end of town.
Two manufacturing companies are located in Gatesville: Kalyn Siebert (a division of Heil Trailer, which is owned by Dover Corporation) manufactures trailers for commercial and military use, and Laerdal manufactures plastic medical teaching supplies.
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George West, Texas
George West is a city in Live Oak County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,524 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Live Oak County. George West was named the "storytelling capital of Texas" in 2005 by the Texas Senate; and it hosts the George West Storyfest, a festival that features storytelling, cowboy poetry, and music. Numerous ranches surround George West.
The Texas author and folklorist J. Frank Dobie was born in Live Oak County near George West in 1888. Former State Senator Cyndi Taylor Krier, also the administrative judge of Bexar County, was reared near George West in the unincorporated community of Dinero.
George West was a land venture and ranching enterprise of George Washington West and Kittie West. Originally from San Antonio, West began to build his town in 1913, after ranching in the area from 1880 to 1912. He sold his cattle holdings and began to colonize some 75,000 acres (300 km2).
He offered the railroad $100,000 and a free easement through his land to build to George West. He offered $75,000 to build a new courthouse if the county seat was moved from Oakville and voters approved the measure in 1918. West also built schools, roads, and water and electricity plants.
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Georgetown, Texas
Georgetown is a city and also the county seat of Williamson County, Texas, United States with a population of 47,400 at the 2010 census. Southwestern University, founded in 1840, is the oldest university in Texas and is located in Georgetown, about 1/2 mile east of the historic square. Sun City Texas (formerly called Sun City Georgetown) is a large retirement-oriented and age restricted development which constitutes more than one-third of the population of Georgetown.
Georgetown has a notable range of Victorian commercial and residential architecture. In 1976 a local historic ordinance was passed to recognize and protect the significance of the historic central business district and in 1977 the Williamson County Courthouse Historic District, containing some 46 contributing structures, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Georgetown is called the "Red Poppy" Capital of Texas for the many red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) wildflowers planted throughout the city and in many residents' front yards, which bloom each Spring. Georgetown also holds a Red Poppy Festival in April each year. The festival attracts up to 30,000 visitors annually.
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Giddings, Texas
Giddings is the county seat of Lee County, Texas, United States situated on the intersection of U.S. Highways 77 and 290, 55 miles (89 km) east of Austin. Its population was 5,105 at the 2000 census. The city's motto is "Giddings Texas: Experience Hometown Hospitality".
The land where the city of Giddings now stands was part of the land granted to Stephen F. Austin in 1821 for a colony in Spanish Texas, and later became part of the Robertson Colony.
The city itself was founded in 1871 when the Houston and Texas Central Railway came to the area. It probably took its name from local magnate Jabez Deming Giddings, who was instrumental in bringing the railway to the area. He had come to the area from Pennsylvania in 1838 to claim the land bounty of his brother Giles A. Giddings, killed at the Battle of San Jacinto. Another theory is that the city was named after Jabez's brother Dewitt Clinton Giddings.
Early settlers in the new town were mostly pioneers from the surrounding communities, such as Old Evergreen and Shady Grove. The majority of these people were ethnic Anglo-Saxons, but a sizeable majority were Wendish families from the Serbin area. They would later establish the German-language newspaper Deutsches Volksblatt.
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Gilchrist, Texas
Gilchrist, Texas is an unincorporated residential community and beachfront resort along State Highway 87, located seventeen miles east of Bolivar Point in the Bolivar Peninsula census-designated place, in Galveston County, Texas, United States.
As of 1990 and 2000, Gilchrist's core population was about 750, but would see more residents due to seasonal visitors. When the settlement was decimated by Hurricane Ike on September 13, 2008, about 1,000 permanent residents had lived there, but were under evacuation orders. Several businesses in the community had operated to furnish necessities for permanent residents as well as tourists.
Located in Galveston County, this community was named for Gibb Gilchrist (1887-1972) who relocated and rebuilt the rail line from High Island to Port Bolivar following the 1915 hurricane destruction. This settlement before this event was called Rollover.
In 1950, a post office was opened at Gilchrist. A notable feature of the community is the Rollover Pass (or Rollover Fish Pass), which divides Bolivar Peninsula as well as Gilchrist and carries water between East Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It is regarded among sportsmen as a very popular fishing location in Texas with some the largest fish in the state. Rollover Pass was a natural pass that had been closed until 1955, when it was opened by the Texas Game and Fish Commission as part of its efforts to preserve and improve fish and wildlife resources.
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Gilmer, Texas
Gilmer is also the name of a county in West Virginia.
Gilmer is a town in and the county seat of Upshur County, Texas, United States. It is best known for being the birthplace of popular music singer Johnny Mathis. The population was 4,799 at the 2000 census. The town's namesake is a former United States Secretary of the Navy, Thomas Walker Gilmer.
Gilmer is located at 32°43'57" North, 94°56'49" West (32.732387, -94.946980).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.6 square miles (12.0 km²), all of it land.
Four miles west of Gilmer is Lake Gilmer, which opened September 29, 2001
Gilmer is part of a larger area known as the "Piney Woods". The city and the surrounding area boasts a number of impressive specimens. The historic Trail of Tears came through this region, to this day arrow heads and other Native American artifacts can be found with little to no digging.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,799 people, 1,926 households, and 1,300 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,038.5 people per square mile (401.1/km²). There were 2,214 housing units at an average density of 479.1 per square mile (185.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.91% White, 20.23% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.90% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.42% of the population.
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Glen Rose, Texas
Glen Rose is a city in Somervell County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Somervell County. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,444. Glen Rose is part of the Granbury micropolitan area.
The area was first settled in 1849 by Charles Barnard, who opened a trading post near Comanche Peak. After the region became a federal Indian reservation in 1855, Barnard moved his business to Fort Belknap. Circa 1859 when the reservation was abolished, he returned to the area and built the first store on what is now the site of Glen Rose.
A three-story stone gristmill was constructed along the Paluxy River and the town that grew up around it became known as Barnard's Mill. The mill was sold to T.C. Jordan of Dallas in 1871 for $65,000. Jordan's wife, a native of Scotland, decided to rename the town Rose Glen to reflect the area's natural surroundings. The citizens later voted to call the community Glen Rose. A post office opened in 1874.
When Somervell County was formed on March 15, 1875, Glen Rose was designated as its county seat. A Baptist college was organized in 1879 and was later sold to the Paluxy Baptist Association. In 1889, the northern Presbyterians opened Glen Rose Collegiate Institute (also known as Glen Rose College), which remained in operation for the next 15 to 20 years. A courthouse around Glen Rose's town square was completed around 1892, but burned down a year later. A newly built Romanesque Revival style courthouse was constructed soon after with locally quarried limestone. That building sustained damage in a 1902 tornado that also damaged part of the town square.
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Goldthwaite, Texas
Goldthwaite (established 1885) is a small city located in Mills County in Central Texas. The population was 1,802 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Mills County, which is named for John T. Mills, a justice of the Supreme Court for the Third, Seventh, and Eighth districts of the former Republic of Texas. Goldthwaite is located in the western portion of the Texas Hill Country. The elevation is 1,580 feet. Goldthwaite is situated at the intersections of U.S. Highways 84 and 183, Texas State Highway 16, and Texas Farm-to-Market Roads 572 and 574.
Goldthwaite was originally a part of the southern portion of Brown County. Like many other Texas communities, Goldthwaite was named for a railroad official, Joe C. Goldthwaite of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway, who conducted the auction of town lots. The post office opened in 1886. After Mills County was organized, several landowners donated property with the assurance that Goldthwaite would become the county seat. The first county jail was built in 1888, and the courthouse was completed in 1890.
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Goliad, Texas
Goliad is a city in Goliad County, Texas, United States. It had a population of 1975 at the 2000 census. Founded on the San Antonio River, it is the county seat of Goliad County. It is part of the Victoria, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Goliad is located on U.S. Highway 59, named also for the late U.S. Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen.
In 1747, the Spanish government sent José de Escandón to inspect the northern frontier of its North American colonies, including Spanish Texas. In his final report, Escandónt recommended that Presidio La Bahia be moved from its Guadalupe River location to the banks of the San Antonio River, so that it could better assist settlements along the Rio Grande. Both the presidio and the mission it protected, Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga, likely moved to their new location in October 1749. Escandón proposed that 25 Mexican families be relocated near the presidio to form a civilian settlement, but he was unable to find enough willing settlers.
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Gonzales, Texas
Gonzales is a city in Gonzales County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,202 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Gonzales County.
Gonzales is located at 29°30′32″N 97°26′52″W / 29.50889°N 97.44778°W / 29.50889; -97.44778 (29.508801, -97.447709). It is located near the confluence of the San Marcos and Guadalupe rivers.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
Gonzales is one of the earliest Anglo-American settlements in Texas, the first west of the Colorado River. It was established by Empresario Green DeWitt as the capital of his colony in August 1825. He named it for Rafael Gonzales, governor of Coahuila y Tejas. Informally, it was known as the Dewitt Colony.
The original settlement was abandoned in 1826 after two American Indian attacks. It was rebuilt nearby in 1827. The town remains today as it was originally surveyed.
Gonzales is most famous as the "Lexington of Texas" because it was the site of the first skirmish of the Texas Revolution. In 1831, the Mexican government gave the settlers a small cannon for protection against Indian attacks. At the outbreak of settler hostilities, a contingent of Mexican soldiers was sent from San Antonio to retrieve the cannon. On 2 October 1835, Texians under the command of John H. Moore confronted them. The Texians had fashioned a flag with the words "Come and take it". The Texians successfully resisted the federal troops in what became known as the Battle of Gonzales.
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Graham, Texas
Graham is a city in north central Texas. It is the county seat of Young County, and as of the 2010 Census had a population of 8,903.
The site was first settled in 1871 by brothers Gustavus A. and Edwin S. Graham, primary shareholders in the Texas Emigration and Land Company of Louisville, Kentucky. The brothers moved to Texas after the Civil War, and after buying 125,000 acres (510 km2) in then-vast Young County, helped to revitalize the area, the population of which had become badly depleted during the war. The Grahams purchased a local saltworks in 1872, and after new families started to arrive, began promoting the sale of homesites. A post office opened in 1873, and after Young County reorganized the following year, Graham became the county seat. The town's newspaper, known as the Leader and still in existence today, was first printed in 1876, the same year that the first temporary courthouse was built. Other businesses from these early years included a gristmill, sawmill, cotton gin, a brick kiln, two hotels, and several stores.
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Granbury, Texas
Granbury is a city in Hood County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,978. It is the county seat of Hood County and the principal city of the Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Founded in 1825, Granbury started as a square and log cabin court house. It is generally considered to be a suburb of the Fort Worth. Many of the buildings on the square are now registered historic landmarks, including the Granbury Opera House, which still hosts Broadway productions. The city name originated from the Confederate General Hiram B. Granberry. Some scholars, to explain why the city name is spelled differently, believe the name Grandberry was misread y on a document, but recent findings have concluded that Granberry chose to spell his name Granbury. Recent expansion of the city was made possible by the damming of the Brazos River in 1969, which formed Lake Granbury, a long, narrow lake which flows through the city.
Granbury and Hood County are rich in Texas history. David (Davy) Crockett's wife, Elizabeth, settled in Hood County following the Texas Revolution against Mexico. Crockett, as well as other Alamo participants, received land grants. The Crockett family received land in what is now Hood County. Elizabeth Crockett is buried in Acton State Historic Site, the smallest state park in Texas. A large statue of Elizabeth Crockett marks her grave site. Several of Crockett's descendants still reside in Hood County.
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Greater Houston
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is a 10-county metropolitan area defined by the Office of Management and Budget. It is located along the Gulf Coast region in the U.S. state of Texas. The metropolitan area is colloquially referred to as "Greater Houston" and is situated in Southeast Texas, just west of the Golden Triangle.
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States with a population of 6,086,538 as of U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2011 estimates. The population of the metropolitan area is centered in the city of Houston—the largest economic and cultural center of the American South, with a population of 2.1 million.
Houston is among the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States. The area grew 25.2 percent between the 1990 and 2000 censuses—adding more than 950,000 people—while the nation's population increased 13.2 percent over the same period. From 2000 to 2007, the area grew by 912,994 people. From 2000 to 2030, the metropolitan area is projected by Woods & Poole Economics to rank fifth in the nation in population growth—adding 2.66 million people. In 2009, Milken Institute/Greenstreet Real Estate Partners ranked Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown as the fifth-best performing metropolitan area; the Houston area had moved up 11 spaces from the previous year's ranking.
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Greece
Greecei/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] (
listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).
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Greenville, Texas
Greenville is the county seat, and the largest city, of Hunt County,Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 25,557.
Greenville was named for Thomas J. Green, a general in the Texas Army in the war for independence from Mexico. He later became a member of the Congress of the Republic of Texas. The city was almost named “Pinckneyville” in honor of James Pinckney Henderson, the first Governor of Texas.
Greenville is located at 33°7′34″N 96°6′35″W / 33.12611°N 96.10972°W / 33.12611; -96.10972 (33.126004, -96.109703).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 34.7 square miles (90 km2), of which, 33.9 square miles (88 km2) of it is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2) of it (2.30%) is water.
Greenville's considered to be part of the humid subtropical area.
Greenville was founded in 1846, named for Thomas J. Green, who had played a significant role in the establishment of Texas as a Republic.
As the Civil War approached, Greenville was divided over the issue of secession, as were several area towns and counties. Greenville attorney and State Senator Martin D. Hart was one prominent Unionist. He formed a company of men who fought for the Union in Arkansas, even as other Greenville residents fought for the Confederacy. The divided nature of Greenville, Hunt County and the State of Texas is noted by an historical marker in "The SPOT" Park at 2800 Lee Street in downtown Greenville. In the post-Civil War era, Greenville's economy became partly dependent on cotton, an industry which many local Jews helped develop within the city as the local economy entered a period of transition.
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Groesbeck, Texas
Groesbeck is a city in and the county seat of Limestone County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,291 at the 2000 census. The community is named after a railroad employee.
Cynthia Ann Parker, mother of Quannah Parker was captured by the Comanche north of Groesbeck.
The arrival of the railroad in Groesbeck enabled it to become the county seat.
Groesbeck is located at 31°31′22″N 96°31′56″W / 31.52278°N 96.53222°W / 31.52278; -96.53222 (31.522907, -96.532125).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2), of which, 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2) of it is land and 0.27% is water.
The community is located at the junction of State Highways 14 and 164.
Groesbeck is the closest town to historic Old Fort Parker. (See Fort Parker massacre) The town holds an annual Christmas Festival at the site of old Fort Parker every December. The original fort has been re-built on the original site to exact specifications.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,291 people, 1,297 households, and 878 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,141.3 people per square mile (440.6/km²). There were 1,457 housing units at an average density of 387.5 per square mile (149.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.56% White, 24.91% African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 13.96% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.53% of the population.
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Groveton, Texas
Groveton is a city in Trinity County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,107 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Trinity County.
Groveton is located at 31°3′22″N 95°7′46″W / 31.05611°N 95.12944°W / 31.05611; -95.12944 (31.056125, -95.129322).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.8 km²), of which, 2.6 square miles (6.6 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (1.91%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,107 people, 444 households, and 278 families residing in the city. The population density was 431.6 people per square mile (167.0/km²). There were 565 housing units at an average density of 220.3 per square mile (85.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.08% White, 18.25% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 6.23% from other races, and 2.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.38% of the population.
There were 444 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.04.
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Guthrie, Texas
Guthrie is a Census Designated Place in King County in the U.S. state of Texas. It lies at the junction of U.S. Routes 82 and 83 ninety-six miles east of Lubbock, and serves as the principal headquarters of the Four Sixes Ranch. It is the seat of King County, and as of the 2010 Census the population was 160.
Guthrie is located at 33°37′14″N 100°19′22″W / 33.62056°N 100.32278°W / 33.62056; -100.32278 (33.621341, -100.8322).
Guthrie's history begins in 1883, when the Louisville Land and Cattle Company in Louisville, Kentucky purchased several hundred acres in what later became King County. Named after Louisville Land and Cattle stockholder W.H. Guthrie, the community's townsite was platted in 1891 by A.C. Thackitt, who had built Guthrie's first residence. When King County was organized that same year, Louisville Land and Cattle proposed the platting of a company townsite, to be named Ashville, to serve as the county's seat. Thackitt strongly opposed this proposition and led a charge to bring the seat to Guthrie instead. Thackitt's hotly contested campaign ultimately proved successful, and he not only succeeded in making Guthrie the county seat but was also elected to serve as King County's first county judge. Late in 1891, the Guthrie post office opened to the public.
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Hallettsville, Texas
Hallettsville is a city in Lavaca County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,345 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lavaca County. The town is home to the Texas Championship Domino Hall of Fame and also hosts a dominoes tournament every year in January. It also hosts its annual Kolache Fest and Fiddler's Frolic events every September and April.
Hallettsville is the birthplace of the late philanthropist and businessman Adolph R. Hanslik of Lubbock, a Czech-American sometimes called the dean of Texas cotton exporters.
It is also the only place called Hallettsville in the world. Ripley's Believe It or Not once called it the city of thirteen.
Hallettsville is located at 29°26′43″N 96°56′27″W / 29.44528°N 96.94083°W / 29.44528; -96.94083 (29.445398, -96.940734).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,345 people, 1,019 households, and 627 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,051.0 people per square mile (406.0/km²). There were 1,223 housing units at an average density of 548.1 per square mile (211.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.10% White, 16.46% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 4.48% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.17% of the population.
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Hamilton, Texas
Hamilton is a city in Hamilton County in Central Texas. The population was 3,095 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hamilton County.
Hamilton is located at 31°42′12″N 98°7′13″W / 31.70333°N 98.12028°W / 31.70333; -98.12028 (31.703274, -98.120359).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), of which, 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (1.73%) is water.
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,095 people, 1,230 households, and 777 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,067.2 people per square mile (412.7 per km²). There were 1,470 housing units at an average density of 506.9 per sq mi (196 per km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.5% White, 0.7% (21) African American, 0.7% (21) Native American, 0.5% (14) Asian, 2.8% (88) from other races, and 0.8% (25) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.9% of the population.
There were 1,230 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.8% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.92.
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Harlingen, Texas
Harlingen /ˈhɑrlɨndʒən/ is a city in Cameron County in the heart of the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The city covers more than 34 square miles (88 km2), and is the second largest city in Cameron County and the sixth largest in the Rio Grande Valley. As of the 2010 Census the city had a total population of 64,849 and grew 12.5% since the 2000 Census.
Harlingen is a principal city of the Brownsville–Harlingen metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Brownsville-Harlingen-Raymondville combined statistical area, included in the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan area.
Harlingen's strategic location at the intersection of U.S. highways 77 and 83 in northwestern Cameron County fostered its development as a distribution, shipping, and industrial center. In 1904 Lon C. Hill envisioned the Arroyo Colorado as a commercial waterway. He named the town he founded on the north bank after the Frisian city of Harlingen, Netherlands. The town's post office was established that year. The first school opened with fifteen pupils in 1905 near the Hill home, the first residence built in Harlingen. Harlingen incorporated on April 15, 1910, when the population totaled 1,126. In 1920 the census listed 1,748. The local economy at first was almost entirely agricultural. Major crops were vegetables and cotton.
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Harris County, Texas
Harris County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, which is the fifth largest metro area in the U.S. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 4.1 million, making it the most populous county in Texas and the third most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Houston, the largest city in Texas. It was founded in 1836.
Harris County is named for John Richardson Harris, an early settler of the area.
The county was founded on December 22, 1836 as Harrisburg County . The name was changed to Harris County in December 1839.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,778 square miles (4,605.0 km2), of which 1,729 square miles (4,478.1 km2) is land and 49 square miles (126.9 km2) (2.75%) is water. Both its total area and land area are larger than the state of Rhode Island.
See List of Highways in Harris County for more roadways in Harris County.
As of the 2010 Census, the population of the county was 4,092,459, White Americans made up 56.6% of Harris County's population; non-Hispanic whites represented 33.0% of the population. Black Americans made up 18.9% of the population. Native Americans made up 0.7% of Harris County's population. Asian Americans made up 6.2% of the population (2.0% Vietnamese, 1.2% Indian, 1.1% Chinese, 0.6% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese, 1.0% Other). Pacific Islander Americans made up just 0.1% of the population. Individuals from other races made up 14.3% of the population; people from two or more races made up 3.2% of the county's population. Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) made up 40.8% of Harris County's population.
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Haskell, Texas
Haskell is a city in central Haskell County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 3,106. It is the county seat of Haskell County.
Haskell is located at 33°9′37″N 99°44′4″W / 33.16028°N 99.73444°W / 33.16028; -99.73444 (33.160152, -99.734572).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), all of it land.
The Haskell County Courthouse was completed in 1892 and was designed and built by A.O. Watson. The east and west wings were added in 1930-31. It is one of the oldest courthouses still in use in the area.
Haskell is the county seat of Haskell County.
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,322 people, an increase of 6.95% since 2000 (216 people). The racial makeup of the town was 80.40% White (2,671 people), 4.94% African American (164 people), 0.75% Native American (25 people), 0.75% Asian (25 people), 10.69% from other races (355 people), and 2.47% from two or more races (82 people). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.76% of the population (889 people).
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Hebbronville, Texas
Hebbronville is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Jim Hogg County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,558 at the 2010 census. In 1918, Helen Sewel Harbison became the first woman in Texas to cast a ballot, two years before the implementation of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
The Colegio Altamirano, founded by settlers of Spanish ancestry who wanted their children to learn Spanish culture, was an institution in Hebbronville from 1897 until its closing in 1958.
The community calls itself the "Vaquero Capitol of Texas and the USA."
Hebbronville is located at 27°18′41″N 98°40′52″W / 27.31139°N 98.68111°W / 27.31139; -98.68111 (27.311259, -98.680998).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.9 square miles (15 km2), all of it land.
Hebbronville is located on land which once formed part of Las Noriecitas, one of the earliest ranches founded in the area.
The town's namesake, James Richard Hebbron, acquired land, in about 1880, from the descendants of the original grantee, Ingacio Benavides. With two others, he bought 18,000 acres, in the then Duval County, just above Peña. One of his sons, Arthur Hebbron, came down from California and took charge of running his ranch.
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Hemphill, Texas
Hemphill is a city in Sabine County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,106 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Sabine County. It is located on State Highway 87 at the junction of State Highway 184, and is surrounded by the Sabine National Forest and the Toledo Bend Reservoir.
Hemphill is located at 31°20′33″N 93°51′18″W / 31.3425°N 93.855°W / 31.3425; -93.855 (31.342612, -93.854909).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), of which, 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (1.66%) is water.
Hemphill is 484 miles (as the crow flies) from Hemphill County, Texas (which is in the northern Panhandle). This is the largest separation of a Texas city from a Texas county of the same name.
In 1858 the Sabine county voters elected to move the county seat from Milam to a more central part of the county. The following year, the plans for the town were laid down, with the post office opening as well. The Town was named after John Hemphill, an early Texas judge and legal scholar, and later a United States Senator.
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Hempstead, Texas
Hempstead is a city in Waller County, Texas, United States. The community, located at the junctions of U.S. Highway 290, Texas State Highway 6, and Texas State Highway 159, is around fifty miles northwest of Downtown Houston. The population was 4,691 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Waller County.
On December 29, 1856 Dr. Richard Rodgers Peebles and James W. McDade organized the Hempstead Town Company to sell lots in the newly-established community of Hempstead, which was located at the projected terminus of Houston and Texas Central Railway. Peebles named Hempstead after Dr. G. S. B. Hempstead, Peebles's brother in law. Peebles and Mary Ann Groce Peebles, his wife, contributed 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) of the estate of Jared E. Groce, Jr. for the community. On June 29, 1858 the Houston and Texas Central Railway was extended to Hempstead, causing the community to become a distribution center between the Gulf Coast and the interior of Texas. On November 10 of that year Hempstead incorporated. The Washington County Railroad, which ran from Hempstead to Brenham, enhanced the city upon its completion.
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Henderson, Texas
Henderson is a city in Rusk County, Texas, United States. The population was 11,273 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Rusk County. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas.
The city has functioned as a major crossroads in Northeast Texas over the last two centuries, with several major highways passing through the business district of the town, including Texas State Highway 64, U.S. Route 79, Texas State Highway 43, Texas State Highway 42 and Texas State Highway 64.
Annual events in the city of Henderson include the Heritage Syrup Festival in November, celebrating the east Texas tradition of syrup making, and the East Texas Sacred Harp Convention in August.
The city has a vibrant Historical District, with many buildings dating back to before the Civil War. The city has 19 historical markers, including homes dating from the 1880s, churches, and colleges. Downtown Henderson is one of the most dramatic and charming downtowns in the East Texas area. Colorful, canvas awnings highlight the ornate buildings which house Henderson's downtown merchants and offer shade to downtown shoppers visiting the various antiques stores, clothing stores, and dining facilities lining the Main Streets.
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Henrietta, Texas
Henrietta is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Wichita Falls, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,264 at the 2000 census.
Henrietta is one of the oldest settled towns in north central Texas. It sits at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 287, U.S. Highway 82, State Highway 148, and Farm to Market Road 1197 in north central Clay County.
Clay County was separated from Cooke County (along with Montague County) in 1857 and Henrietta was named as the county seat. The naming of the town remains a mystery though several explanations have been offered. However, it was named, it became the center of gravity for the fledgling county. By 1860, it remained the only town in the county, having 109 residents, 10 houses, and a general store. It sat at the far western edge of Anglo expansion in north central Texas, but Native Americans remained a viable threat to current and future settlers. In 1862, Henrietta opened its post office. The Civil War saw American soldiers leave all of the south, and Henrietta again suffered from continuous attacks from local tribes. By late 1862, Henrietta was abandoned, as white settlers fled back east to Cooke and Montague counties. Remaining structures were burned. Anglos continued to attempt resettlement, and in 1865 after the Civil War, a group attempting resettlement was massacred. A Quaker group again attempted to reoccupy the former townsite but they were killed or fled. In 1870, 50 soldiers and Kiowa Indians fought a battle in the ruins of Henrietta.
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Hereford, Texas
Hereford is a city in Deaf Smith County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,597 at the 2000 census. It is the only incorporated Hereford in the country. It is the county seat of Deaf Smith County.
Hereford's local water supply contains an unusually high level of naturally occurring fluorine. Because fluoride is used to protect against tooth decay, Hereford earned the title "The Town Without a Toothache". High levels of fluoride consumed by longtime or younger residents may result in staining.[citation needed]
It is also known as the "Beef Capital of the World" because of the large number of cattle fed in the area. The city is named for the Hereford breed. The local economy is affected significantly by growth in the dairy and ethanol industries.
The area is known for its semiarid climate with heavy farming and ranching throughout the area sustained by irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer and the saltier Santa Rosa Aquifer beneath it.
Hereford is home to the headquarters of the Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative, which serves Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, and Oldham counties.
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High Island, Texas
High Island is an unincorporated area located in the Bolivar Peninsula census-designated place, Galveston County, Texas, United States. The community is located in the extreme eastern part of the county on Bolivar Peninsula, less than one mile from Chambers County and less than two miles from Jefferson county. As of 2000[update], 500 people resided in High Island.
The Houston Audubon Society operates four bird sanctuaries in the area, and the city is a nationally famous destination for birdwatchers particularly from April 1 to May 15. Sea Rim State Park is in nearby Jefferson County, but it is inaccessible by State Highway 87, which has been closed since 1990.
In 2007, Hurricane Humberto made landfall near High Island. 2008 saw Hurricane Ike impact High Island with significant storm surge and winds up to 110 mph (178 km/h).[citation needed] After Hurricane Ike the United States Postal Service temporarily relocated High Island post office box services to Winnie, Texas.
High Island lies on the eastern side of Galveston Bay, just inland from the Gulf of Mexico.
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Hillsboro, Texas
Hillsboro is a city in and the county seat of Hill County in Central Texas. The population was 8,232 at the 2000 census.
Hillsboro, located on Interstate 35 where I-35E and I-35W meet south of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, is the primary center for trade and commerce in Hill County. It is located almost midway between the Metroplex and Waco, and is the gateway to the popular Lake Whitney. There are many antique stores located downtown, and a popular outlet mall is located along the Interstate, surrounded by numerous hotels and motels. In addition, Hillsboro has a historic Victorian bed and breakfast home: The Windmill, in a country setting six miles west toward Lake Whitney.
The city is known for its abundance of restored Victorian homes and its historic county courthouse, which on January 1, 1993 was heavily damaged by an electrical fire. It was rebuilt, courtesy of donations from around the world and two concerts sponsored by Hill County native Willie Nelson. The courthouse (See Hill County, Texas for photograph.) won the Downtown Association's 1999 award for "Best Restoration". The renovation sparked an interest in restoring Texas's historic courthouses.[citation needed] The Hill County courthouse is eight miles from Willie Nelson's hometown, Abbott.
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Hitchcock, Texas
Hitchcock is a city in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,961 at the 2010 census.
Hitchcock was created as a station of the railroad between Galveston and Houston in 1873 and around the turn of the 20th century became a vegetable shipping center. The settlement's economy crashed in the 1930s after insect plagues in the surrounding areas, and the area stayed impoverished until the establishment of the Camp Wallace anti-aircraft training base and the Hitchcock Naval Air Station at the beginning of World War II. After the end of the war, the bases were used as discharge centers, and some former soldiers settled in the area. Hitchcock was established in 1960 as the area's population boomed, topping out at nearly 7,000 by the end of the 1960s. Today, the town serves as a suburb of Galveston and houses workers from the Johnson Space Center.[citation needed]
Since 1984, Hitchcock has been home to the Galveston County Fair & Rodeo. The Galveston County Fair & Rodeo began in 1938 and was held at facilities in Runge Park in Arcadia. In the early 1980s, the County Fair had reached its limits of growth at Runge Park, and plans began for a move to Jack Brooks Park in Hitchcock. The move to Jack Brooks Park was completed in time for the 1984 fair.
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Hockley, Texas
Hockley, Texas is an unincorporated community located in Harris County, Texas, United States along on Texas State Highway 6, approximately five miles southeast of the city hall of Waller, and thirty-six miles northwest of Downtown Houston.
The community serves as the main hub for railway traffic serving Houston, Austin, and many parts of central Texas. The Southern Pacific rail line is one of the community's major employers. The community is surrounded by grain farms and cattle ranches.[citation needed]
George Washington Hockley established Hockley in 1835.
In September 2008 Hewlett-Packard acquired 97 acres (39 ha) of land near Hockley in a proposed 389-acre (157 ha) industrial park planned by John Beeson of Beeson Properties and Monzer Hourani of Medistar Corp. It paid an undisclosed sum to Beeson and Hourani, the land's previous owners. Hewlett Packard's proposed $250 million facility would be near the intersection of Betka Road and U.S. Highway 290, in close proximity to the Harris County-Waller County line, 18 miles (29 km) from HP's main Greater Houston offices, and northwest of the city of Houston.
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Hollywood
Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California, United States situated west-northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word Hollywood is often used as a metonym of American cinema. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, and the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
On February 16, 2005, California Assembly Members Jackie Goldberg and Paul Koretz introduced a bill to require California to keep specific records on Hollywood as if it were independent, although it is not the typical practice of the City of Los Angeles to establish specific boundaries for districts or neighborhoods. For this to be done, the boundaries were defined. The bill was unanimously supported by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and the Los Angeles City Council. Assembly Bill 588 was approved by the Governor of California on August 28, 2006, and now the district of Hollywood has official borders. The border can be loosely described as the area east of West Hollywood, south of Mulholland Drive, Laurel Canyon, Cahuenga Boulevard, and Barham Boulevard, and the cities of Burbank and Glendale, north of Melrose Avenue and west of the Golden State Freeway and Hyperion Avenue. This includes all of Griffith Park and Los Feliz[citation needed] – two areas that were hitherto considered separate from Hollywood by most Angelenos. The population of the district, including Los Feliz, as of the 2000 census was 123,436 and the median household income was $33,409 in 1999.
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Hondo, Texas
Hondo is a city in and the county seat of Medina County, Texas, United States. According to the 2000 Census, the population was 7,897. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Hondo is located at 29°20′49″N 99°8′44″W / 29.34694°N 99.14556°W / 29.34694; -99.14556 (29.346838, -99.145543), approximately 40 miles (64 km) west of Downtown San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.6 square miles (25 km2), of which, 9.6 square miles (25 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.21%) is covered with water.
Original settlers in the area came from Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, Belgium and Mexico. Many family-owned businesses, farms and ranches are still owned by descendants of the original families.
The area, which is now Medina County, was first explored by Cabeza de Vaca in 1519, 27 years after Columbus arrived in the New World.
The city of Hondo was first settled in 1881 and incorporated in 1942. The U.S. Army built an air field in the town in 1942 to train new pilots; at one time the largest air navigation school in the world, Hondo Army Air Field trained over 14,000 navigators for service during World War II before closing in 1946.
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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Houston Ship Channel
The Houston Ship Channel, located in Houston, Texas, is part of the Port of Houston—one of the United States's busiest seaports. The channel is the conduit for ocean-going vessels between the Houston-area shipyards and the Gulf of Mexico.
The channel is a widened and deepened natural watercourse created by dredging the Buffalo Bayou and the Galveston Bay. Major products, such as petrochemicals and Midwestern grain, are transported in bulk together with general cargo. The original watercourse for the channel, Buffalo Bayou, has its headwaters 30 miles (48 km) to the west of the city of Houston. Today the navigational head of the channel, the most upstream point to which general cargo ships can travel, is at Turning Basin in east Houston.
The Ship Channel has numerous terminals and berthing locations along Buffalo Bayou and Galveston Bay. The major public terminals include Turning Basin, Barbours Cut, and Bayport. There are many private docks as well, including the ExxonMobil Baytown Complex and the Deer Park Complex.
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Humble, Texas
Humble ( /ˈʌmbəl/) is a city in Harris County, Texas, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area.
As of the 2000 census, the city population was 14,579. The city shares a zip code with the small Houston neighborhood of Bordersville, although people who live in Bordersville still have Humble addresses.
Petroleum has been the basis of Humble's economy since its beginning. The city was the namesake for Humble Oil and Refining Company, which later merged with the Exxon corporation.
The first settlers began moving into the Humble area in the early 19th century. Joseph Dunman was thought to be the first person to settle here and was believed to have arrived in 1828. A ferry was built nearby, over the San Jacinto River, and the area of Humble became a center for commercial activity due to the region's large Oil industry.
The city got its name from one of the original founders/settlers, Pleasant Smith "Plez" Humble, who opened the first post office in his home and later served as justice of the peace. In 1883 a city directory reported that he operated a fruit stand. In 1885, he was a wood dealer, and in 1900, the District 99, Justice Pct. 4, Harris Co., Texas Census reports his occupation as attorney at law.
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Huntsville, Texas
Huntsville is a city in and the county seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. The population was 35,508 at the 2010 census. It is the center of the Huntsville micropolitan area.
Huntsville is located in the East Texas Piney Woods on the Interstate 45 corridor between Houston and Dallas. Huntsville is home to Sam Houston State University, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Huntsville State Park, the HEARTS Veterans Museum of Texas, located on Texas Veterans Memorial Parkway at Interstate 45, and the Texas Prison Museum, also on Highway 75 near Interstate 45. Huntsville served as the residence of Sam Houston, who is recognized in Huntsville by the Sam Houston Memorial Museum and a statue on Interstate 45.
The city had its beginning about 1836, when Pleasant and Ephraim Gray opened a trading post on the site. Ephraim Gray became first postmaster in 1837, naming it after his former home town, Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama. (Incidentally, "Madison County" is also the name of an adjacent Texas county.)[citation needed]
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Jacinto City, Texas
Jacinto City is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, east of the intersection of Interstate 10 and the East Loop of Interstate 610. Jacinto City is part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is bordered by the cities of Houston and Galena Park. The population was 10,302 at the 2000 census.
In 1941 Frank Sharp established a subdivision which filled with shipyard workers and workers at nearby steel mills and war plants. Jacinto City incorporated in 1947 with nearly 3,800 residents; its first mayor was Inch Handler. Because of the 1947 incorporation, Houston did not incorporate Jacinto City's territory into its city limits, while Houston annexed surrounding areas that were unincorporated. The town still serves as a bedroom community for local industry. In the 1950s the city opened a city hall and recreational facilities. By 1960 the city had 9,500 people and by 1964 the city had 11,500 people. In 1966 the city had seventeen churches, two schools, one hospital, one bank, and one library. A waste-water facility funded by the Environmental Protection Agency opened in 1972; the Handbook of Texas stated that this may be due to complaints from residents about chemical vapors in 1969. In 1990 the city had 9,343 people.
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Jacksboro, Texas
Jacksboro is a city in Jack County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,511 at the 2010 census. Jacksboro is located at the junction of U.S. Highways 281 and 380, and it is the county seat of Jack County.
Jacksboro is located at 33°13′24″N 98°09′39″W / 33.223355°N 98.160845°W / 33.223355; -98.160845 (33.223355, -98.160845).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), of which, 5.8 square miles (15 km2) of it is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2) of it (14.54%) is water.
Jacksboro was first settled in the 1850s, attracted by land offers from the Texas Emigration and Land Office. Originally called Mesquiteville, the community grew up in the pastureland near Keechi Creek. It was renamed Jacksboro in 1858 when it became the county seat, in honor of brothers William and Patrick Jack, veterans of the Texas Revolution. Regular postal service began in 1859.
The county was one of the few to vote against secession before the Civil War. It was devastated by Indian raids until Fort Richardson was built south of Jacksboro in 1870. The population quickly bounced back into the thousands, and the town gained national attention in 1871 when two Kiowa chiefs, Satanta and Big Tree, were tried for murder there.
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Jamaica Beach, Texas
Jamaica Beach is a city in Galveston County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 983.
Prior to its development, Jamaica Beach was a burial ground of the Karankawa people. Johnny Goyen and Earl Galceran of the Jamaica Corporation developed Jamaica Beach as a 2,000-lot resort subdivision in close proximity to a marina. The individuals who were a part of the development effort were Goyen, Galceran, brothers Jack and Welcome Wilson, Bill Sherrill, and Jack Valenti. They acquired an area of 320 acres (130 ha) that was owned by the Moody family. An oil businessperson named R.E. "Bob" Smith decided not to be a partner in the development, but he purchased the Moody land and sold it to the developers. He did not ask for any down payments and he guaranteed a $250,000 bank loan. Initially the beachfront lots, each 90 feet (27 m), were sold for $3,500 apiece. The "second row" houses sold at a quick pace. As the subsequent rows of houses opened to sale, the sales figures decreased slowly because while wealthy people were easily able to acquire second houses, middle class homebuyers were unable to get a mortgage, and needed to pay for the homebuilding with cash.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jasper, Texas
Jasper is the county seat of Jasper County, Texas, in the United States. The population was 8,247 at the 2000 census. Jasper is situated in the Deep East Texas subregion, about 130 miles (210 km) northeast of Houston. The city is best known for the 1998 murder of James Byrd, Jr., an event which gained national attention and led to the creation of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act.
The area was settled around 1824 by John Bevil. 30 families occupied the settlement as early as 1830, when it was known as Snow River or Bevil's Settlement after John R. Bevil one of the earliest European-American settlers.
In 1835 it was renamed for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolution who was killed attempting to plant the American colors at the storming of Savannah in 1779. Jasper became the county seat in 1844. During the Civil War the town housed a Confederate quartermaster depot and served as a major center for the C.S.A.'s communication, transportation, and supply. Jasper was a Confederate Army headquarters for a nine-county area. Following the war, Union troops occupied Jasper, camping in town square, and led by General George Custer. Antebellum educational institutions included the Jasper Male and Female High School, which operated until 1878, when it became the Southeast Texas Male and Female College, and Jasper Collegiate Institute, which operated from 1851 until 1874. The population declined to 360 in 1870, reflecting the hardships of the Civil War, but by 1885 had risen to 1,000.
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Jayton, Texas
Jayton is a city in and the county seat of Kent County, Texas, United States. It is located in the northeastern portion of the county, and the population was 534 as of the 2010 Census.
Jayton's history begins in the 1880s. Originally known as Jay Flat, it was established two miles northeast of its present location and named after a local ranching family. A post office was granted in 1886, and Daniel Jay served as the community's first postmaster. In 1907 the townsite was moved to its present location for improved proximity to rail service, and it was officially renamed Jayton later that same year. The community's first newspaper, the Jayton Herald, was established the following year and the city incorporated in February, 1910. By 1925, Jayton was home to 750 residents.
From the community's inception, the local economy had originally been supported mainly by the cotton industry, but the effects of the Dust Bowl of the 1930s had a dire effect on production. The community's economy was stabilized by the discovery of oil later that same decade, and while its population never exceeded 750 Jayton remained stable throughout the Great Depression. In 1954, following a lengthy and heated court battle, the city wrested the title of county seat from the declining nearby community of Clairemont and in 1957 a courthouse was constructed. Jayton's population remained at around 600 from the 1950s through the 1980 Census before declining to 513 in 1990 and 441 in 2000, but a resurgence in the local oil industry led to a rebound and the 2010 Census counted 534 residents.
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Jefferson, Texas
Jefferson is an historic city in Marion County in northeastern Texas, United States. The population was 2,024 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Marion County, Texas, and is situated in East Texas. The city is a tourism center, with popular attractions including: Jay Gould's Railroad car, the Sterne Fountain, Jefferson Carnegie Library, Excelsior House, the House of the Four Seasons, and the bayous formed by Big Cypress Bayou located in and around the city.
Almost every commercial building and house on the main arterial road in Jefferson has a historic marker.
The Sterne Fountain was given to the city in 1913 to honor the contribution of Jacob and Ernestine Sterne, a Jewish couple who settled in Jefferson before the Civil War and became prominent citizens who managed the post office and were involved in numerous civic and cultural projects. The fountain includes a statue of Hebe, the Greek goddess of Youth, by Giuseppe Moretti.
Early records indicate that Jefferson was founded around 1841 on land ceded from the Caddo Indians. At that time, a log jam more than 100 miles long existed on the Red River north of present Natchitoches, Louisiana. The Indians said that this log jam, known as the Great Red River Raft, had always existed.
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John Sealy Hospital
John Sealy Hospital is a hospital that is a part of the University of Texas Medical Branch complex in Galveston, Texas, United States.
Sealy opened on January 10, 1890. It was founded by the widow and brother of one of the richest citizens of Texas, John Sealy after his death. Accompanied by the John Sealy Hospital Training School for Nurses, which was opened two months after the hospital, the foundation became the primary teaching facility of University of Texas Medical Branch opened in October 1891. In 1922, John Sealy's children, John Sealy, II and Jennie Sealy Smith established the Sealy & Smith Foundation for the hospital. This enabled construction of several new facilities, including the Rebecca Sealy Nurses' home.
A second John Sealy Hospital was built in 1954 to replace the 1890 building. Today it is known as the John Sealy Annex and houses administrative and support services.
The current John Sealy Hospital was completed in 1978 at a cost of $32.5 million and was funded in full by the Sealy & Smith Foundation. The 12-story hospital includes single-patient rooms and specialized intensive care units. Other features include the Acute Care for Elders Unit, or ACE Unit and a Level I Trauma Center, one of only three in the entire Greater Houston area.
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Johnson City, Texas
Johnson City is a city in Blanco County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,191 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Blanco County. It was the hometown of President Lyndon Johnson and was founded by James Polk Johnson, nephew of Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr. and uncle to President Johnson. The Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park, operated by the National Park Service, is near Johnson City.
Johnson City is located at 30°16′35″N 98°24′29″W / 30.276427°N 98.408105°W / 30.276427; -98.408105, about 45 miles (72 km) west of Austin and 65 miles (105 km) north of San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,191 people, 442 households, and 317 families residing in the city. The population density was 891.7 people per square mile (343.2/km2). There were 490 housing units at an average density of 366.9 per square mile (141.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.67% White, 0.84% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 8.23% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.57% of the population.
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Jourdanton, Texas
Jourdanton is a city in and the county seat of Atascosa County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,732 at the 2000 census. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jourdanton was founded in 1909 and was named after founder Jourdan Campbell. The county seat was moved from Pleasanton to Jourdanton in 1910. Locals pronounce the town name as (jur-dun-ton). The Mayor of Jourdanton is Larry Pryor. The City Administrator is Dan Nick. The Chief of Police is Eric Kaiser. The Volunteer Fire Chief is David Prasifka. Jourdanton is a General Law Type A form of government as per the Texas Local Government Code. (See Texas Local Government Code at http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us)
Jourdanton is located at 28°55′18″N 98°32′47″W / 28.92167°N 98.54639°W / 28.92167; -98.54639 (28.921530, -98.546440).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,732 people, 1,187 households, and 923 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,071.1 people per square mile (414.1/km²). There were 1,353 housing units at an average density of 388.3 per square mile (150.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.44% White, 1.13% African American, 0.96% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 20.42% from other races, and 2.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.87% of the population.
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Junction, Texas
Junction is a city in and the county seat of Kimble County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,618 at the 2000 census.
Junction is located at 30°29′23″N 99°46′17″W / 30.489772°N 99.771335°W / 30.489772; -99.771335 (30.489772, -99.771335), approximately 105 miles (169 km) northwest of San Antonio and 120 miles (190 km) west of Austin in central Kimble County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2), of which, 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) of it is land and 0.44% is water.
Junction is named for its location at the confluence of the North and South Llano Rivers.
The community was founded in 1876 after the organization of Kimble County earlier that year. The original town site was named Denman after Marcellus Denman, who had surveyed and platted the new community. The name Denman was quickly changed to Junction City. In late 1876, Junction City won the designation of county seat from the unsuccessful and flood-prone settlement of Kimbleville. By 1879, a drugstore, livery stable, sawmill, and a few general stores were active in the community. Around 300 people were living in Junction City in 1882. The West Texas, Kimble County's first newspaper, began publishing in 1882. The county courthouse and its records were lost to a fire in 1884. A second, two-story brick stone courthouse was partially destroyed in an 1888 fire, but was repaired and remained in use until 1929, when the present courthouse was constructed. In 1894, Junction City became known simply as Junction. Infrastructure improvements marked the decade of the 1890s. Businessman Ernest Holekamp provided the city's first waterworks with a canal dug from the South Llano to Junction in 1895. A dam was built in 1896 on the South Llano River to provide power and water to the city and irrigation to surrounding lands.
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Karnes City, Texas
Karnes City is a city in Karnes County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,457 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Karnes County. The town was named after Henry Karnes of the Texas Revolution. Karnes is some twenty-five miles south of Floresville on U.S. Highway 181.
In 1893, the county seat was moved from Helena to Karnes City.
Karnes City is located at 28°53′N 97°54′W / 28.883°N 97.9°W / 28.883; -97.9 (28.8882, -97.9013).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) all land.
Karnes City is about 60 miles (97 km) southeast of San Antonio.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,457 people, 1,007 households, and 720 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,627.6 people per square mile (629.6/km²). There were 1,180 housing units at an average density of 555.6 per square mile (214.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.13% White, 5.67% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 19.47% from other races, and 2.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 63.87% of the population.
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Katy, Texas
Katy is a city located in Harris, Fort Bend and Waller Counties in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 11,775 at the 2000 census.
Katy, suburb of Houston, Texas, is named for the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad (commonly referred to as the "K-T Railroad", now a part of Union Pacific) that ran through Katy in the 19th century. Katy was once known as Cane Island. The name is derived from Cane Island Creek which runs just west of downtown. Cane Creek is a branch of Buffalo Bayou. The origins of the name Cane Island are believed to be from the fact that Katy was once a major sugar cane producer and rice producer. To commemorate the importance of rice to the Katy community, the Chamber of Commerce holds the Rice Harvest Festival every second weekend of October.[citation needed] The railroad had been built through the community by the end of 1893.
Katy incorporated in 1945. Because of the incorporation, Houston did not incorporate Katy's territory into its city limits.
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Kaufman, Texas
Kaufman is a city in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,703 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Kaufman County.
Kaufman is located at 32°35′7″N 96°18′28″W / 32.58528°N 96.30778°W / 32.58528; -96.30778 (32.585395, -96.307673).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), of which, 6.6 square miles (17 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (2.64%) is water.
As of 2010 Kaufman had a population of 6,703. The median age was 32. The ethnic and racial composition of the population was 55.4% non-Hispanic white, 9.4% non-Hispanic black, 0.9% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 13.6% reporting some other race and 3.5% from two or more races. 32.6% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,490 people, 2,179 households, and 1,579 families residing in the city. The population density was 977.9 people per square mile (377.4/km²). There were 2,310 housing units at an average density of 348.1 per square mile (134.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 47.83% White, 12.87% African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 15.92% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.74% of the population.
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Kemah, Texas
Kemah is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city's population was 1,773 as of the 2010 census. Located in Galveston County, Kemah's main industry comes from shipping. Originally a small fishing town, the city has become a tourist destination for the area's restaurants and attractions, which are contained within the Kemah Entertainment District.
Kemah is located at 29°32′22″N 95°1′9″W / 29.53944°N 95.01917°W / 29.53944; -95.01917 (29.539469, -95.019032) and is part of the Clear Lake Area.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.82 square miles (4.7 km2), of which 1.79 square miles (4.6 km2) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.078 km2), or 1.65%, is water.
The city was originally founded as Evergreen in 1898 along the Texas and New Orleans Railroad, when John Henry Kipp and James H. Bradford subdivided their lots to establish a township. The area was also called Shell Siding after the oyster shell middens lining the bay, in some places 20 to 30 feet (6.1 to 9.1 m) deep. Indian burial grounds were later found in these shell middens. Kipp petitioned for a post office, but was denied as there was already an Evergreen, Texas (now incorporated into Cleveland, Texas). Residents were polled and Kemah, the Karankawa word for "wind in face", "face wind", or "facing the wind", was chosen. Kemah was granted a post office in 1907.
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Kermit, Texas
Kermit is a city in and the county seat of Winkler County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,708 at the 2010 census. The city was named for Kermit Roosevelt after a visit by his father Theodore Roosevelt to the county.
Kermit began as a convenient supply center for the scattered ranches of the area. Kermit became the seat of Winkler County when the county was organized in 1910. The first public school and the post office opened the same year. The town's namesake, Kermit Roosevelt, once visited the T Bar Ranch in northern Winkler County to hunt antelope a few months before the town was named. In 1916, the county suffered a drought. Many homesteaders and ranchers were forced to leave. In 1924 only Ern Baird's family remained in the town. Only one student attended school in the county for five months of 1924. Only three houses and the courthouse were in use by 1926.
On July 16, 1926, however, oil was discovered in Hendrick oilfield, near Kermit, and the town experienced a boom. In 1927, a population of 1,000 was reported; by 1929 that number increased to 1,500. On March 4, 1929, the Texas-New Mexico Railway reached the town.
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Kerrville, Texas
Kerrville is a city in Kerr County, Texas, United States. The population was 20,425 at the 2000 census. In 2009, the population was 22,826. Kerrville is named after James Kerr, a major in the Texas Revolution, and friend of settler-founder Joshua Brown, who settled in the area to start a shingle-making camp.
Being nestled in the hills of Texas Hill Country, Kerrville is best known for its beautiful parks that line the Guadalupe River - which runs directly through the city, its nearby youth summer camps, hunting ranches, and RV parks. It is also the home of Texas' Official State Arts & Crafts Fair, the Kerrville Folk Festival, H-E-B Grocery Stores, Mooney Airplane Company, James Avery Jewelry, Kerrville Bus Company, and Schreiner University. The Museum of Western Art (founded 1983) features the work of living artists specializing in the themes of the American West.
Archeological evidence suggests that humans dwelled in the area known as Kerrville as early as 10,000 years ago. The early modern residents were successful shinglemakers whose mercantile business became a hub that served the middle and upper Hill Country area in the late 1840s. One of the earliest shinglemakers was Joshua D. Brown. With his family, Joshua Brown had led several other families on an exploration of the Guadalupe Valley. These early pioneers organized their settlements near a bluff just north of the Guadalupe River in the eastern half today's county line. The settlement was referred to as "Brownsborough," but after the area was formally platted in 1856 by James Kerr, a major in the Texas Revolution, the settlement was formally known as "Kerrville" and maintained a county seat with Texas.
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Killeen, Texas
Killeen is a city in Bell County, Texas, in the United States. The population was 86,911 at the 2000 census. As of 2009, Killeen had 119,510 people. In 2010 Killeen's population shot to 127,921.[citation needed] It is a "principal city" of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Killeen is directly adjacent to the main cantonment of Fort Hood, and as such its economy heavily depends on the post and the soldiers (and their families) stationed there.
In 1881, the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway extended its tracks through central Texas, buying 360 acres (1.5 km2) a few miles southwest of a small farming community known as Palo Alto, which had existed since about 1872. The railroad platted a 70-block town on its land and named it after Frank P. Killeen, the assistant general manager of the railroad. By the next year the town included a railroad depot, a saloon, several stores, and a school. Many of the residents of the surrounding smaller communities in the area moved to Killeen and by 1884 the town had grown to include about 350 people, served by five general stores, two gristmills, two cotton gins, two saloons, a lumberyard, a blacksmith shop, and a hotel. Killeen expanded as it became an important shipping point for cotton, wool, and grain in western Bell and eastern Coryell counties. About 780 people lived in Killeen by 1900. Around 1905, local politicians and businessmen convinced the Texas legislature to build bridges over Cowhouse Creek and other streams, doubling Killeen's trade area. A public water system began operation in 1914 and its population had increased to 1,300 residents.
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Kingsville, Texas
Kingsville is a city in and the county seat of Kleberg County, Texas, United States. The population was 26,213 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Kingsville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Corpus Christi-Kingsville Combined Statistical Area.
Kingsville was formed in 1904 and named after Captain Richard King, owner of the King Ranch.
Kingsville is located at 27°30′54″N 97°51′56″W / 27.515°N 97.86556°W / 27.515; -97.86556 (27.515024, -97.865507).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.9 square miles (36 km2), of which 13.8 square miles (36 km2) are land and 0.04-square-mile (0.10 km2) of it (0.22%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 25,575 people, 8,943 households, and 6,134 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,848.8 people per square mile (714.0/km²). There were 10,427 housing units at an average density of 753.8 per square mile (291.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.10% White, 4.34% African American, 0.63% Native American, 1.73% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 18.81% from other races, and 3.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 67.06% of the population.
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Klein, Texas
Klein is an unincorporated community in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Houston within north Harris County, Texas, United States, bordering on Houston to the South and Tomball to the North. It is named after Adam Klein, a German immigrant whose best-known great-great-grandson is singer Lyle Lovett. Other famous sons and daughters of the Klein community include actor Lee Pace, actor Matthew Bomer, actress Lynn Collins, actress Sherry Stringfield, singer/songwriter Derek Webb, songwriter Aaron Tate, singer/songwriter Chase Hamblin, actor Ben Rappaport and Olympic gold-medalists Laura Wilkinson and Chad Hedrick.
Klein is served by David Wayne Hooks Memorial Airport, one of just a few privately owned airports in the U.S. to have a Federal Aviation Administration control tower, and home to Civil Air Patrol's Delta Composite Squadron.
The Klein Volunteer Fire Department, headquartered at 16810 Sqyures and operate with seven fire stations, serves areas considered to be Klein. KVFD stations in areas with Klein postal addresses. Klein FD is funded by Harris County ESD 16.
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Kountze, Texas
Kountze (pronounced 'Coontz') is a city in Hardin County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,115 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Hardin County. The city is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kountze was originally established as a railroad town in 1881. The city was named for Herman and Augustus Kountze, financial backers of the Sabine and East Texas Railroad. The seat of Hardin County, Kountze boasts an area of more than 89 percent forested lush green terrain. Local area produces over 3.5 million board feet (8,300 m³) of lumber annually.
Kountze describes itself as "The Big Light in The Big Thicket" - a Thicket is that vast area of tangled, often impenetrable woods, streams and marshes. Now portions of this thicket are nationally protected as the Big Thicket National Preserve.
The cradle of this country's oil industry is found in the Big Thicket of east Texas. The thicket is a 50 miles (80 km) circle of swampland about 30 miles (48 km) north of Beaumont.
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La Grange, Texas
La Grange is a city in Fayette County, Texas, near the Colorado River. It is located about halfway between Houston and Austin on Highway 71. The population was 4,478 at the 2000 census. The 2006 estimated population was 4,645. But a 2010 census estimated that the city had a population of 4,923. La Grange is the county seat of Fayette County.
La Grange was the site of an early crossing of the Colorado River along La Bahía Road during the Mexican period. The earliest white settlers in the area were Aylett C. Buckner and Peter Powell, who lived slightly to the west. The first settlement on the city's present location was by Stephen F. Austin's band of colonists in 1822. Colonel John Henry Moore built a blockhouse in 1828 as protection from the Comanche. It is known today as Moore's Fort. (The fort is currently found in nearby Round Top, having been moved there for restoration.)
The town was a major site of German and Czech settlement, because the rolling hills and forests are reminiscent of their homelands.[citation needed] Even today the German and Czech influences on the town remain strong, seen in many local customs, the local architecture, and the town's reputation for not having participated in the prohibition of alcoholic beverages during the 1920s and 1930s - beyond a token effort by the local authorities. La Grange, too, became the home of many Jewish immigrants in the 19th century.
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La Marque, Texas
La Marque (formerly Lamarque) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city population was 14,509. Located in Galveston County near oil fields, it is the hometown of Texas Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison and Robin Armstrong.
In the 2000s, rising real estate costs in Galveston forced many families to move to other areas, including La Marque. This meant an influx of children from the Galveston Independent School District into other school districts.
La Marque is located at 29°22′00″N 94°58′26″W / 29.366684°N 94.973922°W / 29.366684; -94.973922 (29.366684, -94.973922).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.3 square miles (37 km2), of which, 14.2 square miles (37 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.28%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,682 people, 5,237 households, and 3,713 families residing in the city. The population density was 962.0 people per square mile (371.5/km2). There were 5,732 housing units at an average density of 403.0 per square mile (155.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 55.84% White, 34.69% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 6.21% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.43% of the population.
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La Porte, Texas
La Porte is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Bay Area of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the city population was 31,880. La Porte is the fourth largest incorporated city in Harris County.
When La Porte celebrated its centennial in 1992, it was the home of Barbours Cut Terminal, operated by the Port of Houston Authority since 1977. 15 years later, The Port of Houston's newest addition, Bayport, was established just South of La Porte. Thus the area around La Porte has served an increasingly important role in international trade since the 1970s.
The area around modern La Porte gained fame early in Texas history as the location of the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836, which ended the Texas Revolution, establishing the independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico. The San Jacinto Monument, in the unincorporated area of La Porte, commemorates the battle. During the early 20th century, particularly the 1920s and 1930s, La Porte's Sylvan Beach became a nationally known tourist destination attracting some of the nation's most well-known entertainers. As a result of changing economics in the Houston area and beach erosion the tourist business declined while industrial development in the area grew. During World War II and afterward La Porte's economy rapidly re-oriented toward petroleum/petrochemicals and shipping, which developed as the dominant industries in the Pasadena-Baytown area.
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Lake Jackson, Texas
Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of a 2006 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, the city population was 27,614.
Lake Jackson is named after an oxbow lake of the same name on the outskirts of town. The lake in turn was named after the family whose antebellum plantation house sat alongside the lake; only very minor ruins of the Lake Jackson Plantation can now be seen in a park at the site.
The city is the birthplace of famous Tejano superstar, Selena. The city has also long been the hometown of Ron Paul, the presidential candidate and U.S. representative from Texas's 14th Congressional District [1]. It was the home too of State Senator J. E. "Buster" Brown, who represented District 17 from 1981 to 2002.
Lake Jackson is located at 29°2′13″N 95°26′18″W / 29.03694°N 95.43833°W / 29.03694; -95.43833 (29.036837, -95.438339).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.8 square miles (51.3 km²), of which, 19.0 square miles (49.3 km²) of it is land and 0.8 square miles (2.0 km²) of it (3.84%) is water.
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Lamesa, Texas
Lamesa (pronounced "la-MEE-suh") is a city in and the county seat of Dawson County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,952 at the 2000 census. Located south of Lubbock on the Llano Estacado, Lamesa was founded in 1903. Most of the economy is based on cattle ranching and cotton farming. The Preston E. Smith prison unit, named for the former governor of Texas, is located just outside of Lamesa.
Lamesa is located at 32°44′4″N 101°57′29″W / 32.73444°N 101.95806°W / 32.73444; -101.95806 (32.734439, -101.958190).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12 km2), all of it land.
Dal Paso Museum, a collection of local artifacts housed in an impressive former hotel, is located in downtown Lamesa. The name is derived from the fact that Lamesa is located halfway between Dallas and El Paso. On display are home furnishings, pioneer tools, and ranch and farm equipment. There are also exhibits by local artists. The museum, at 306 South First Street, has limited afternoon hours to the public.
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Lampasas, Texas
Lampasas is a city in Lampasas County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,786 at the 2000 census. It is the seat of Lampasas County.
Lampasas is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area.
For his services in the Texas Revolution, John Burleson received 1,280 acres (5.2 km2) of land and established a permanent settlement in the 1850s. The city was first named Burleson; however, the name was gradually changed to Lampasas Springs because of the existence of seven mineral springs. When the county was created in 1856, the law specified “The county seat shall be same name as the county.” The city of Lampasas was officially incorporated in 1883.
Several theories attempt to explain how the name Lampasas came to be. The Texas Almanac states the word came from a Spanish word for “lilies” that are found in nearby streams. Another source states the word comes from the Spanish word “Lampazos.” The name was given to the local river by the Spanish Aquayo Expedition in 1721. It is believed the name was inspired by a Mexican town that also had beautiful springs. The town was also the location of the birth of the Farmers' Alliance, founded in 1876.
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Laredo, Texas
Laredo (/ləˈreɪdoʊ/ lə-RAY-doh; Spanish: [laˈɾeðo]) is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, located on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. According to the 2010 census, the city population was 236,091 making it the 3rd most populated on the United States-Mexican border, after San Diego, California and El Paso, Texas. Laredo is part of the Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area with an estimate population of 636,516. Laredo's economy is based on international trade with Mexico. Most major transportation companies have a facility in Laredo. Laredo's location along the southern end of I-35 close to the manufacturers in North Mexico promotes its vital role in trade between the United States and Mexico.
Laredo has the distinction of flying seven flags (the Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande in addition to the Six Flags of Texas). Founded in 1755, Laredo grew from a villa to the capital of the brief Republic of the Rio Grande to the largest inland port on the United States-Mexican Border. Today, it has four international bridges and one railway bridge. Laredo's weather is semi-arid during the summer and mild during the winter.
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Las Vegas, Nevada
Las Vegas (/lɑːs ˈveɪɡəs/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Nevada and the county seat of Clark County. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city for gambling, shopping, and fine dining. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous for its consolidated casino–hotels and associated entertainment. A growing retirement and family city, Las Vegas is the 28th-most populous city in the United States, with a population at the 2010 census of 583,756. The 2010 population of the Las Vegas metropolitan area was 1,951,269.
Established in 1905, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, Las Vegas was the most populous American city founded in that century (a distinction held by Chicago in the 19th century). The city's tolerance for various forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and this image has made Las Vegas a popular setting for films and television programs. There are numerous outdoor lighting displays on Fremont Street, as well as elsewhere in the city.
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League City, Texas
League City is a city in Galveston County and Harris County in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 83,560, up from 45,444 at the 2000 census. The city has a small portion north of Clear Creek within Harris County zoned for residential and commercial uses.
League City is home to several waterside resorts used by people from nearby Houston.
League City surpassed Galveston as Galveston County's largest city between 2000 and 2005.
League City was settled at the former site of a Karankawa Indian village. Three families, the Butlers, Cowarts, and Perkinses, are considered to be founding families of the city. The Cowart family settled on a creek now called Cowart's Creek after them (now often called "Coward's Creek"). The Perkins family built on a creek notably lined with magnolia trees, and named it Magnolia Bayou. The Butler family settled inland.
The first resident of the town proper, George W. Butler, arrived from Louisiana in 1873 and settled at the junction of Clear Creek and Chigger Bayou. The area was known as Butler's Ranch or Clear Creek until J. C. League acquired the land from a man named Muldoon on his entering the priesthood. League laid out his town site along the Galveston, Houston, and Henderson Railroad, already established in the area. This began a small feud over the name, as Butler was the postmaster. The name was changed several times, alternating between Clear Creek and the new League City. In the end, League City was chosen.
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Leakey, Texas
Leakey (pronounced Lay-key) is a city in and the county seat of Real County, Texas, United States. The population was 387 at the 2000 census. A U.S. Census Bureau estimate of July 1, 2008, placed the population at 359.
The city is named for John H. Leakey (1824-1900), a pioneer former Tennessee.
Leakey depends heavily on tourism because of the existence of the nearby Frio River and Garner State Park. The Alto Frio Baptist Encampment is located to the southeast of the community.
Leakey is located at 29°43′31″N 99°45′41″W / 29.725243°N 99.761463°W / 29.725243; -99.761463 (29.725243, -99.761463). It is situated at the intersection of U.S. Highway 83, and Farm Roads 336, 337, and 1120 in southeastern Real County, approximately 35 miles north of Uvalde and 90 miles northwest of San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2), all of it land.
Archaeological excavations in the Frio Canyon region revealed Paleo-American, Archaic, and Neo-American occupations. Later, several Native American tribes, including Lipan Apache, Comanche, and Tonkawa inhabited or traversed the area.
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Levelland, Texas
Levelland is a city in Hockley County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 13,542. It is the county seat of Hockley County. It is located on the Llano Estacado, 30 miles (48 km) west of Lubbock. Major industries include cotton farming and petroleum production. It is the home of South Plains College.
Levelland is the principal city of the Levelland Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Hockley County and part of the larger Lubbock-Levelland Combined Statistical Area.
Coordinates: 33°35′5″N 102°22′20″W / 33.58472°N 102.37222°W / 33.58472; -102.37222 According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.9 square miles (26 km2), of which, 9.9 square miles (26 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.20%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,866 people, 4,574 households, and 3,361 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,296.5 people per square mile (500.8/km²). There were 5,186 housing units at an average density of 522.6 per square mile (201.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.34% White, 5.36% African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 20.92% from other races, and 2.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.21% of the population.
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Liberty, Texas
Liberty is a city in and the county seat of Liberty County, Texas, United States and a part of the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 8,033 at the 2000 census.
Liberty is the third oldest city in the state—established in 1831 on the banks of the Trinity River. The city also has an exact replica of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its area code is 936 and its ZIP code is 77575.
Liberty, Texas is the county seat of Liberty County and the third oldest town in Texas. Texas heroes William B. Travis, Sam Houston, and David Burnet all practiced law in Liberty. Three brothers from Liberty died at the Alamo, while some 50 Liberty citizens fought in the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836 when Texas won its independence. Liberty is located on State Highway 146 and U.S. Highway 90 in the south central part of Liberty County and the Houston, Texas Metropolitan Area. The site is in a major oil and gas production area served primarily by the Union Pacific Railroad. Liberty once stood at the head of navigation, both steamboat and barge, on the Trinity River.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States of America, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in four buildings in Washington, D.C., as well as the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and number of books. The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress, currently James H. Billington.
The Library of Congress was instituted for Congress in 1800, and was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century. After much of the original collection had been destroyed during the War of 1812, Thomas Jefferson sold 6,487 books, his entire personal collection, to the library in 1815. After a period of decline during the mid-19th century the Library of Congress began to grow rapidly in both size and importance after the American Civil War, culminating in the construction of a separate library building and the transference of all copyright deposit holdings to the Library. During the rapid expansion of the 20th century the Library of Congress assumed a preeminent public role, becoming a "library of last resort" and expanding its mission for the benefit of scholars and the American people.
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Linden, Texas
Linden is a city in Cass County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,256 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Cass County.
Linden is located at 33°0′29″N 94°21′52″W / 33.00806°N 94.36444°W / 33.00806; -94.36444 (33.008026, -94.364328).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,256 people, 940 households, and 579 families residing in the city. The population density was 640.4 people per square mile (247.5/km²). There were 1,048 housing units at an average density of 297.5 per square mile (115.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.88% White, 19.86% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.66% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.64% of the population.
There were 940 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.86.
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Lipscomb, Texas
Lipscomb is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lipscomb County, Texas, United States. The population was 44 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lipscomb County.
Lipscomb is located at 36°13′56″N 100°16′19″W / 36.23222°N 100.27194°W / 36.23222; -100.27194 (36.232224, -100.271869).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 44 people, 25 households, and 14 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 8.6 people per square mile (3.3/km²). There were 35 housing units at an average density of 6.9/sq mi (2.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.91% White and 9.09% Native American.
There were 25 households out of which 4.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, and 44.0% were non-families. 44.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 28.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.72 and the average family size was 2.29.
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Littlefield, Texas
Littlefield is a city in and the county seat of Lamb County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,372 at the 2010 census. It is located in a significant cotton-growing region, northwest of Lubbock on the Llano Estacado just south of the beginning of the Texas Panhandle. Littlefield has a large denim manufacturing plant operated by American Cotton Growers.
Littlefield is named for George W. Littlefield (1842–1920), a Mississippi native, Confederate officer, rancher, banker, and benefactor of the University of Texas at Austin.
Littlefield houses the Bill Clayton Detention Center, a 310-bed medium-security facility, which is named for the former Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives, who resided in Springlake.
Near Littlefield is the Triple Arrow Ranch, known for its historical remnants, owned by Lamb County Commissioner's Court Judge and Mrs. William A. Thompson, Jr.
Littlefield is located at 33°55′10″N 102°19′58″W / 33.91944°N 102.33278°W / 33.91944; -102.33278 (33.919561, -102.332660).
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Livingston, Texas
Livingston is a town in Polk County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,433 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Polk County. Livingston was settled in 1835 as Springfield. Its name was changed to Livingston and became the county seat of Polk County in 1846.
The Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation is just to the East of Livingston. The 2000 census reported a resident population of 480 persons within the reservation.
Livingston has one hospital, the Memorial Medical Center at Livingston
Livingston is located at 30°42′34″N 94°56′4″W / 30.70944°N 94.93444°W / 30.70944; -94.93444 (30.709518, -94.934443).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.4 square miles (22 km2), of which, 8.4 square miles (22 km2) of it is land and 0.12% is water. However, the town of Livingston is approximately 10 miles (16 km) east of Lake Livingston, which is the largest drinking water reservoir in the state of Texas.
Elevation: 148 ft
Major Highways:
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,433 people, 2,048 households, and 1,341 families residing in the town. The population density was 649.9 inhabitants per square mile (250.9/km²). There were 2,358 housing units at an average density of 282.1 per square mile (108.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 70.38% White, 18.50% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 8.08% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. 13.90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Llano, Texas
Llano ( /ˈlænoʊ/ LAN-oh) is a city in Llano County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010, the city population was 3,232. It is the county seat of Llano County.
Llano is located at 30°45′03″N 98°40′48″W / 30.750953°N 98.680038°W / 30.750953; -98.680038 (30.750953, -98.680038). It is on the Llano River, 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Austin and 102 miles (164 km) north of San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.4 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (5.53%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,325 people, 1,353 households, and 880 families residing in the city. The population density was 748.1 people per square mile (289.1/km2). There were 1,539 housing units at an average density of 346.3/sq mi (133.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.35% White, 0.57% African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 3.40% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.90% of the population.
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Lockhart, Texas
Lockhart is a city in Caldwell County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Caldwell County. According to the 2000 census the population of Lockhart was 11,615. As of 2007[update] the estimated population is 12,013. Lockhart and Caldwell County are within the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan area.
The city of Lockhart is named after Byrd Lockhart, an assistant surveyor of Green DeWitt and reportedly the first Anglo to set foot in Caldwell County. Lockhart was the site of a victory of the Texans over the Comanche, at the Battle of Plum Creek in 1840. Lockhart was originally called "Plum Creek" but the name was later changed to Lockhart. The town's economic growth began with the arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century at which time the town became a regional shipping center for local cotton. Following the arrival of the railroad, various immigrants, some Jews among them, arrived in Lockhart and opened various businesses.
The Texas Legislature proclaimed Lockhart as The Barbecue Capital of Texas. Lockhart has four major barbecue restaurants. The 1996 Christopher Guest comedy film Waiting for Guffman and the 1993 drama What's Eating Gilbert Grape were filmed partly in Lockhart, including the historic courthouse square. Also, the city's Wal-Mart store was featured in the 2000 film Where the Heart Is. Lockhart has played host to many film sets as this quaint small town is located within miles of Austin. Productions filmed in Lockhart include: The Faculty, Temple Grandin, Waking Life, Secondhand Lions, Stop-Loss, Where the Heart Is, Waiting for Guffman, The Newton Boys, Rolling Kansas, The Great Waldo Pepper, She Fought Alone, The Only Thrill, Ball & Chain, The Garage, Altitude Falling, Hard Promises, A Small Town in Texas, Screen Door Jesus, Abrupt Decision, Angora Ranch, Theft, and more. Dr. Eugene Clark Library is the oldest operating public library in Texas.
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Longview, Texas
Longview is a city in Gregg and Harrison Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 80,455. Most of the city is located in Gregg County, of which it is the county seat; only a small part extends into the western part of neighboring Harrison County. It is situated in East Texas, on the grid of Interstate 20 and U.S. Highways 80 and 259, just north of the Sabine River. Longview is a commercial hub for the Longview Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Longview is the principal city of the Longview Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger MSA made up of Gregg, Upshur, and Rusk counties (population 271,669). Longview is considered a major hub city in the region, as is the nearby city of Tyler.
Longview is located at 32°30′33″N 94°45′14″W / 32.50917°N 94.75389°W / 32.50917; -94.75389 (32.509147, -94.753909). Longview is surrounded by many smaller cities and towns including: Kilgore, Gladewater, Gilmer, Ore City, Hallsville, Harleton, Diana, White Oak, and Lakeport. It is approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of the similarly sized city of Tyler.
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Lubbock, Texas
Lubbock ( /ˈlʌbək/) is a city in and the county seat of Lubbock County, Texas, United States. The city is located in the northwestern part of the state, a region known historically as the Llano Estacado, and is home to three universities: Lubbock Christian University, Texas Tech University, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. At the 2010 census, Lubbock had a population of 229,573, making it the 87th most populous city in the United States and the 11th most populous city in Texas. The city is the economic center of the Lubbock metropolitan area, which had an estimated 2009 population of 276,659.
Lubbock's nickname is the "Hub City," which derives from it being the economic, education, and health care hub of a multi-county region commonly called the South Plains. The area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on irrigation water drawn from the Ogallala Aquifer. Lubbock was selected as the 12th best place to start a small business by CNNMoney.com. They mentioned the community's traditional business atmosphere, less expensive rent for commercial space, and its central location and cooperation from city government. Lubbock High School has been recognized for three consecutive years by Newsweek as one of the top high schools in the United States. Lubbock High School is home to the only International Baccalaureate (IB) program in the region. The IB program is one of the criteria examined by Newsweek in formulating their list of top high schools.
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Lufkin, Texas
Lufkin is a city in Angelina County, Texas, United States. Founded in 1882, the population was 35,067 in 2010. It is the county seat of Angelina County, and is situated in Deep East Texas.
The town is named for Abraham P. Lufkin, a cotton merchant and Galveston, Texas city councilman. Lufkin was the father-in-law of Paul Bremond, president of the Houston, East and West Texas Railway which developed the town.
In 1906 while living in Lufkin, writer Katherine Anne Porter married her first husband John Henry Koontze in a double ring ceremony that also saw her sister Gay Porter marry T.H. Holloway. The minister who presided over the ceremony was Rev. Ira Bryce, serving at the time at Lufkin's First Methodist Church.
Debris from the space shuttle Columbia disaster fell over the Lufkin area on February 1, 2003.
Lufkin celebrated its 125th anniversary in October 2007.
Lufkin is located at 31°20′13″N 94°43′49″W / 31.33694°N 94.73028°W / 31.33694; -94.73028 (31.336874, -94.730374).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.8 square miles (69 km2), of which, 26.7 square miles (69 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.48%) is water.
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Madisonville, Texas
Madisonville is a city in Madison County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,159 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Madison County. Both the City of Madisonville and the County of Madison were named for U.S. President James Madison, the fourth chief executive.
Madisonville is located at 30°57′3″N 95°54′45″W / 30.95083°N 95.9125°W / 30.95083; -95.9125 (30.950915, -95.912623).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 square miles (11 km2), of which, 4.2 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (3.49%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,159 people, 1,473 households, and 1,016 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,003.3 people per square mile (386.9/km²). There were 1,653 housing units at an average density of 398.7 per square mile (153.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.60% White, 29.21% African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 10.56% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.24% of the population.
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Marfa, Texas
Marfa is a town in the high desert of far West Texas. Located between the Davis Mountains and Big Bend National Park, it is also the county seat of Presidio County. The population was 1,981 at the 2010 census.
Marfa was founded in the early 1880s as a railroad water stop, and grew quickly through the 1920s. Marfa Army Airfield was located east of the town during World War II and trained several thousand pilots before closing in 1945 (the abandoned site is still visible ten miles (16 km) east of the city). The base was also used as the training ground for many of the U.S. Army's Chemical mortar battalions. The Marfa AAF and Fort D.A. Russell were not related; Fort D.A. Russell was located on the southwestern part of town where Chinati is.
Despite its small size, today Marfa is a tourist destination. Attractions include the historical architecture and classic Texas town square, modern art at the Chinati Foundation and in galleries around town, and the Marfa lights.
The Handbook of Texas states that the wife of a railroad executive reportedly suggested the name "Marfa" after reading the name in the Fyodor Dostoevsky novel The Brothers Karamazov.
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Marlin, Texas
Marlin is a city in Falls County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,628 at the 2000 census, but decreased to 5,967 by 2010. It is also the (third) county seat of Falls County, and has been so since 1851. Marlin has been given the nickname the Hot Mineral Water City of Texas when mineral waters were found in 1892.
The city of Marlin is located about four miles (6 km) east of the Brazos River, which runs straight through the center of the county. That was the site of Sarahville de Viesca, in which was established by Sterling C. Robertson in the year of 1834. Marlin was later incorporated in 1867, and was named after a pioneer patriot, John Marlin. His son-in-law was Samuel A. Blain. Blain laid out streets and lots, and drafted a map around a square. Three churches—a Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist—were given lots first, and relocated to the east side of the square. Zenas Bartlett's General Store was the first business to be established in Marlin. When Bartlett's wife died, the general store was deeded to the city and used as a town hall. A simple brick building temporarily stood as a school. The first of four county courthouses was a log cabin. It was used for county business and court, a school, a church, a meeting place for political and community events, and as a dance hall. The fourth and present courthouse was constructed in 1938 and 1939, after the third courthouse, which was built in 1887, was declared unsafe.
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Marshall, Texas
Marshall is a city in Harrison County in the northeastern corner of Texas. Marshall is a major cultural and educational center in East Texas and the tri-state area. As of the 2010 census, the population of Marshall was about 23,523. The city is the county seat of Harrison County.
Marshall was a political and production center of the Confederacy during the Civil War and was a major railroad center of the T&P Railroad from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. The city's large African American population and the presence of black institutions of higher learning made Marshall a center of the civil rights movement in the American South. The city is known for holding one of the largest light festivals in the United States, the Wonderland of Lights, and, as the self-proclaimed Pottery Capital of the World, for its sizable pottery industry.
Marshall is also referred to by various nicknames; the Cultural Capital of East Texas, the Gateway of Texas, the Athens of Texas the City of Seven Flags and Center Stage, a branding slogan adopted by the Marshall Convention and Visitors Bureau.
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Mason, Texas
Mason is the seat of Mason County, Texas, United States. The town is an agricultural community on Comanche Creek southwest of Mason Mountain, on the Edwards Plateau and part of the Llano Uplift. The population was 2,114 at the 2010 census.
The first settler is thought to have been William S. Gamel in 1846. The settlement of Mason grew up around Fort Mason which was established by the United States War Department as a front-line defense against Kiowa, Lipan Apache and Comanche, on July 6, 1851. George W. Todd established a Fort Mason post office March 8, 1858, which became consigned to the civilian settlement on June 26, 1858. The protection and commercial possibilities of the fort drew settlers. W. C. Lewis opened a general store that served soldiers and settlers. In 1860, James E. Ranck opened a second store and later became known as "The Father of Mason". He and Ben F. Gooch began leasing 5,000 acres (20 km2) of land to cotton sharecroppers. Mason was elected the county seat in 1861
After the U.S. Civil War, returning Confederate veterans and German ranchers clashed in 1875 over cattle rustling and other crimes. The resulting killings were known as "The HooDoo Wars," In the midst of the war, Loyal Valley home owner Tim Williamson was murdered by a dozen masked vigilantes who accused him of cattle theft. Williamson’s adopted son Texas Ranger Scott Cooley sought revenge. Cooley and his desperadoes, which included Johnny Ringo, created a reign of terror over the area. It was during this episode that Ringo committed his first murder, that of James Cheyney.
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Matador, Texas
Matador is a town in and the county seat of Motley County, Texas, United States. The population was 740 at the 2000 census. In 1891, it was established by and named for the Matador Ranch. It is located ninety-five miles east of Lubbock, Texas.
The Matador Ranch was consolidated in 1882 by a Scottish syndicate, and a post office opened at Matador in 1886.
At the end of the 19th century, townspeople freed the community from domination by the Matador Ranch, which was liquidated in 1951, by relocating non-ranch families there and electing their own slate of officials.
The community was incorporated in 1912 and made the county seat. The state required that a town have at least twenty businesses. Local ranch hands hence established fraudulent, temporary businesses using ranch supplies. The only real business in Matador at the time was a saloon.
Its highest population, 1,302, was reached in 1940.
Originally the Carter Hotel, the Hotel Matador was built in 1914 by Roy Carter and his wife, the former Jessie Simpson. For a rural area, the hotel had luxurious rooms with a bell hop, a full-time gardner, and laundry service. It had fifteen rooms, a dining room, and a large nine-foot, oak-rimmed tub as the only bathroom in the facility. An ice cream parlor which ran the length of the lobby operated until the 1920s.
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McAllen, Texas
McAllen is the largest city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. It is located at the southern tip of Texas in an area known as the Rio Grande Valley and is part of the American Southwest. Its southern boundary is located about five miles from the U.S.–Mexico border and the Mexican city of Reynosa, the Rio Grande, and about 70 miles (110 km) west of South Padre Island and the Gulf of Mexico. The 2010 census put the city's population at 129,877 and the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area at 774,769. The Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area counts with a population of nearly 1.7 million.
The area around McAllen was largely rural in character dependent on agriculture for much of its history since it was settled in 1904. The latter half of the 20th century was marked by steady growth that accelerated during the 1980s and led to an economic and population boom in the 1990s and 2000s. Today the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, although most of its growth was from surrounding smaller cities. The introduction of the maquiladora economy and the North American Free Trade Association led to a boom in international trade, cross-border commerce with Mexico and health care. McAllen's Medicare spending per capita has attracted national scrutiny due to a sharp increase from a national average in 1992 to a near national high by 2006.
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McKinney, Texas
McKinney is a city in and the county seat of Collin County, Texas, United States, and the second in population to Plano. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city's 2010 population was 131,117 The Census Bureau listed McKinney as the nation's fastest growing city from 2000 to 2003 and again in 2006, among cities with more than 50,000 people. In 2007 it was ranked second-fastest growing among cities with more than 100,000 people and in 2008 as third-fastest. In July 2010, McKinney was ranked 5th place in CNN's Money Magazine's list of best places to live in the United States. Also, McKinney is the only City in Texas that made the top ten. McKinney is one of several fast-growing communities on the northeastern edge of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Both the city and county are named after Collin McKinney, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence, and a congressman for the Red River district of the Republic of Texas.
McKinney was named for Collin McKinney, signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and author of a bill establishing counties in the northern part of the state. On March 24, 1849, William Davis, who owned 3,000 acres (12 km2) where McKinney now stands, donated 120 acres (0.49 km2) for the townsite. Ten years later McKinney was incorporated, and in 1913 the town adopted the commission form of government.
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Memphis, Texas
Memphis is a city in Hall County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,290. It is the county seat of Hall County.
Memphis is the birthplace of former U.S. Representative Larry Combest, who represented the Lubbock-based district from 1985-2003.
Memphis is located at 34°43′36″N 100°32′30″W / 34.72667°N 100.54167°W / 34.72667; -100.54167 (34.726716, -100.541560).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,479 people, 1,024 households, and 660 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,105.2 people per square mile (427.3/km²). There were 1,245 housing units at an average density of 555.1/sq mi (214.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.40% White, 9.08% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 17.63% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.02% of the population.
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Menard, Texas
Menard is a city in and the county seat of Menard County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,653 at the 2000 census.
Menard is located at 30°55′10″N 99°47′4″W / 30.91944°N 99.78444°W / 30.91944; -99.78444 (30.919519, -99.784446). It is situated along the banks of the San Saba River at the junction of U.S. Highways 83 and 190, approximately 140 miles northwest of Austin and San Antonio in central Menard County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
The community was first known as Menardville when the site was laid out in 1858, after the formation of Menard County. Nearby Fort McKavett was deactivated in 1859, leaving the settlers with little protection from frequent Indian raids. The fort reopened after the Civil War. By 1867, Menardville had a store, blacksmith shop, and a saloon. The community served as a trading post and overnight stop on north and west cattle trails. The old compound of a Spanish mission that had been abandoned in the mid-18th century was used as a holding area for cattle on the way to market. A county government was organized in 1871 and a two-story courthouse was built one year later. Menardville had approximately 150 residents by the mid-1880s. The San Saba River flooded in 1899, causing considerable damage to the community.
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Mentone, Texas
Mentone is an unincorporated area in Loving County, Texas, the least populous county in the United States. As the county's only community, it serves as the county seat and has a 2010 population of 19, almost one-fourth of the county's 82 people. Mentone was recently the least populated county seat in the United States, but lost that distinction with the 2010 census to Brewster, Nebraska, which has a population of 17. Designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1967 as the "Smallest County Seat in Texas", Marker number 9461.
Mentone is located at 31°42′18″N 103°35′53″W / 31.705°N 103.598°W / 31.705; -103.598 at an elevation of 2,684 feet (818 m). It is situated on State Highway 302, seventy-five miles west of Odessa.
Named after Menton, France by a French surveyor, present-day Mentone is actually the second such named community in Loving County; an earlier Mentone was founded south of the current town in 1893, but was abandoned in 1905. A second town on that site was called Juanita and then Porterville, but was deserted anew when Mentone was reestablished in 1931, with most residents moving to the new town. The town on the current site was named Ramsey before being renamed. During its heyday, Mentone boasted five cafes, five gas stations, two hotels, two drugstores, two recreation halls, two barbershops, a dance hall, a machine shop and a dry cleaner. It also had its own newspaper, the Mentone Monitor, which published from 1932 to 1935. After reaching a high population mark of approximately 600 residents in the 1930s, the population has declined ever since, and in 2000 there were only 15 people, "more or less", according to National Geographic magazine (the total population of Loving County itself (as of 2010) is 82.)
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Meridian, Texas
Meridian is a city located in Bosque County in Central Texas. The population was 1,491 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Bosque County, Texas.
Meridian is located at 31°55′29″N 97°39′24″W / 31.92472°N 97.65667°W / 31.92472; -97.65667 (31.92, -97.66).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), of which, 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) of it is land and 0.46% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,491 people, 515 households, and 358 families residing in the city. The population density was 689.3 people per square mile (266.5/km²). There were 600 housing units at an average density of 277.4/sq mi (107.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.43% White, 5.37% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 8.18% from other races, and 2.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.00% of the population.
There were 515 households out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.27.
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Mertzon, Texas
Mertzon is a city in and the county seat of Irion County, Texas, United States. The population was 839 at the 2000 census. It is part of the San Angelo, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mertzon is located at 31°15′36″N 100°49′15″W / 31.26°N 100.82083°W / 31.26; -100.82083 (31.259951, -100.820759).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 839 people, 315 households, and 239 families residing in the city. The population density was 551.4 people per square mile (213.1/km²). There were 364 housing units at an average density of 239.2/sq mi (92.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.22% White, 0.60% African American, 0.36% Native American, 11.68% from other races, and 2.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.21% of the population.
There were 315 households out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.09.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Miami, Texas
Miami (pronounced mi-AM-uh) is a city in Roberts County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Pampa, Texas Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 588 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Roberts County and the only municipality in the county.
Miami is located at 35°41′35″N 100°38′20″W / 35.693048°N 100.638933°W / 35.693048; -100.638933 (35.693048, -100.638933).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 588 people, 242 households, and 173 families residing in the city. The population density was 504.0 people per square mile (194.0/km2). There were 283 housing units at an average density of 242.6 per square mile (93.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.75% White, 0.85% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 1.53% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.57% of the population.
There were 242 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.
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Midland, Texas
Midland is a city in and the county seat of Midland County, Texas, United States, on the Southern Plains of the state's western area. A small portion of the city extends into Martin County. As of 2010, the population of Midland was 111,147. It is the principal city of the Midland, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Midland County. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland–Odessa, Texas Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 274,002 as of July 1, 2010. People in Midland are called Midlanders.
Midland was originally founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1881. The city has received national recognition as the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush, and the onetime home of former President George H.W. Bush, former President George W. Bush, and former First Lady Barbara Bush.
Midland was originally established in June 1881 as Midway Station, on the Texas and Pacific Railway; it earned its name because of its central location between Fort Worth and El Paso. At times Midland was nicknamed "The Tall City." But because there were already other towns in Texas by the name of Midway, the city changed its name to Midland in January 1884 when it was granted its first Post Office. Midland became the county seat of Midland county in March 1885 when that county was first organized and separated from Tom Green County. By 1890 it had become one of the most important cattle shipping centers in the state. The city was first incorporated in 1906, and by 1910 the city established its first fire department along with a new water system.
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Mission, Texas
Mission is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 77,058 at the 2010 census Mission is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas.
Mission is located at 26°12′41″N 98°19′17″W / 26.21139°N 98.32139°W / 26.21139; -98.32139 (26.211402, -98.321277).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.1 square miles (62 km2), of which, 24.1 square miles (62 km2) of it is land and 0.04% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 45,408 people, 13,766 households, and 11,384 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,881.9 people per square mile (726.6/km²). There were 17,723 housing units at an average density of 734.5 per square mile (283.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.63% White, 0.37% African American, 0.38% Native American, 1.63% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 18.64% from other races, and 2.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 81.03% of the population.
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Missouri City, Texas
Missouri City is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city is mostly in Fort Bend County with a small portion within Harris County. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a total population of 67,358, up from 52,913 in 2000.
The area in which Missouri City is now located holds a significant part in the history of Texas that dates back to its early days as part of the United States. In August 1853, the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railway (BBB&C), began operating its first twenty miles (32 km) of rail line that stretched from Harrisburg (now Houston) to Stafford's Point (now Stafford). It was the first railroad to begin operating in Texas, and the first standard gauge railroad west of the Mississippi River.
The railway continued its extension westward until, in 1883, it linked with its eastward counterpart, completing the Sunset Route from Los Angeles to New Orleans. Today, the route of the BBB&C (now owned by the Union Pacific Railroad) is still an important and heavily operated railroad line.
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Monahans, Texas
Monahans is a city in and the county seat of Ward County, Texas, United States. A very small portion of the city extends into Winkler County. The population was 6,821 at the 2000 census.
The Permian Basin, home to Monahans and Midland/Odessa MSA, is 250 miles (400 km) wide and 300 miles (480 km) long - Monahans is "The Center of the Permian Basin". The basin was formed during the Permian Period, the final portion of the Paleozoic Era. At the time, it was an ocean filled with abundant aquatic life.
In 1583, a Spanish explorer named Antonio de Espejo crossed this area on his way through present-day New Mexico. The Indians in the Monahans region were called "Vaqueros" by these Spanish explorers because they hunted the "hump-backed cow" or bison. Records of Spanish exploring the Los Medano (the sand dunes) outside Monahans can be traced to the early 1770s.
Located in a region where native Comanches, Mescalero, and Lipan Apache Indians once roamed, Monahans' history as a community extends back to the late 1880s with the expansion of the Texas and Pacific Railway across the south plains. For the few people living in West Texas, the building of a transcontinental railroad through the area meant the arrival of civilization. In the summer of 1881, Texas and Pacific Railroad contracted with surveyor John Thomas Monahan, who discovered that the lack of water for the laying crew and their animals would slow down construction of the rail. Monahans' digging of a water well produced an abundance of good water (250,000 US gallons (950,000 L) a day) and was instrumental in the success of the city. Prior to this solution, water had to be hauled from the area of Big Spring, Texas.
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Moody Foundation
The Moody Foundation is a charitable foundation incorporated in Texas and based in the island city of Galveston. It was chartered in 1942 by William Lewis Moody, Jr. and his wife Libbie Shearn Rice Moody "to benefit, in perpetuity, present and future generations of Texans." The foundation focuses the majority of its funding on programs involving education, social services, children’s needs, and community development.
The foundation makes grants through its Galveston, Texas headquarters and through a field office located in Dallas. In fiscal year 2006, it reported assets of $1.197 billion and approved $33 million in grants for projects that focused on education, social services, children’s needs, and community development. In terms of assets, it is one of the largest foundations in Texas, and among the top 100 largest charitable foundations in the United States.
The foundation's main source of revenue consists of dividends from stock held in the American National Insurance Company, the majority of which is controlled by both the Moody Foundation and the Libbie Shearn Moody Trust. The trust department of the Moody National Bank administers the finances of both the Foundation and the Trust.
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Moody National Bank
Moody National Bank (MNB) is a nationally chartered bank, founded in 1907, that is based in Galveston, Texas, USA.
With assets of nearly $1 billion dollars Moody Bank is one of oldest and largest privately owned Texas-based banks. Its trust department, established in 1927, administers over $15.5 billion dollars in assets, and is the largest domiciled in the state of Texas. The company offers a full range of commercial and consumer banking products, as well as trust and investment banking services to customers throughout Southeast Texas and Central Texas, including the Greater Houston area.
The bank is unique in that through its trust department, it has defacto control of the American National Insurance Company (ANICO), one of the largest life and property/casualty companies in the U.S. The bank's trust department administers the Moody Foundation and the Libbie Shearn Moody Trust, which together own the majority of ANICO's shares.
Moody National Bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of Moody Bancshares, Inc., a privately owned financial holding company, also based in Galveston. Moody Bancshares also maintains a controlling interest in Galveston-based Hometown Bank N.A.
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Morton, Texas
Morton is a town in Cochran County, Texas, United States. The population of Morton was 2,006 when counted for the 2010 Census. This represented a 10.8% population decline since the 2000 Census (2,249). Morton is the county seat of Cochran County. With the release of the 2010 Census, Cochran County has a population of 3,127, which represents a decline of 16.2% since the 2000 Census was taken (3,730).
Famous Cattle Baron Christopher C. Slaughter died in 1919 and in 1921 his heirs dissolved his cattle company. Slaughter's eldest daughter, Minnie Slaughter Veal, hired an agent to sell her share of the property and this agent - named Morton Smith - founded the town of Morton.
In 1923 the actual townsite was platted and Smith's land office was on the eastside of the square.
In 1924, Morton (the town) became the county seat over a town called Ligon. The Slaughters had founded Ligon and were hoping that it would become county seat. Cochran County's western boundary is along the Texas - New Mexico border.
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Mount Vernon, Texas
Mount Vernon is a town in Franklin County, Texas, United States. It is the Franklin County seat, and the population was 2,286 at the 2000 census.
Mount Vernon is located at 33°10′55″N 95°13′27″W / 33.18194°N 95.22417°W / 33.18194; -95.22417 (33.181890, -95.224147).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,286 people, 903 households, and 582 families residing in the town. The population density was 618.7 people per square mile (239.2/km²). There were 1,045 housing units at an average density of 282.8 per square mile (109.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.21% White, 13.52% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 7.17% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.80% of the population.
There were 903 households out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Muleshoe, Texas
Muleshoe is a small city in Bailey County, Texas, United States. The town of Muleshoe was founded in 1913 when the Pecos and Northern Texas Railway built an 88-mile (142 km) line from Farwell, Texas to Lubbock through northern Bailey County. In 1926, Muleshoe was incorporated. The population was 5,158 at the 2010 census. The county seat of Bailey County, it is home to the National Mule Memorial.
The Muleshoe Heritage Center located off the combined U.S. Routes 70 and 84 is a popular museum which commemorates the importance of ranching to West Texas. The complex has several unique buildings originally from Bailey County that display the living conditions of the area in the late-19th century and the early to mid-20th century.
The Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge is located some twenty miles (32 km) to the south on State Highway 214. Founded in 1935, the refuge is the oldest of its kind in the state of Texas. It is a 5,000-acre (20 km2) wintering area for migratory waterfowl flying from Canada to Mexico. It contains the largest number of sandhill cranes in North America.
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Nacogdoches, Texas
Nacogdoches ( /ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɨs/ NAK-ə-DOH-chəs) is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, in the United States. The 2010 census recorded the city's population to be 32,996. It is the county seat of Nacogdoches County and is situated in East Texas. Nacogdoches is a sister city of Natchitoches, Louisiana.
Nacogdoches is the home of Stephen F. Austin State University and of the Association for Business Communication.
The town made international headlines in February 2003, after receiving much of the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster debris.
Nacogdoches is located at 31°36′32″N 94°39′3″W / 31.60889°N 94.65083°W / 31.60889; -94.65083 (31.608855, -94.650862). Its location is approximately 140 miles (225 km) NNE of Houston, 180 miles (290 km) SE of Dallas and 90 miles (145 km) SW of Shreveport.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.3 square miles (66 km2), of which, 25.2 square miles (65 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.24%) is water. The city center is located just to the north of the fork of two creeks, the LaNana and Banita.
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New Braunfels, Texas
New Braunfelsi/ˌnjuː ˈbrɔːnfəlz/ is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is one of the two principal cities of the San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being the City of San Antonio. Braunfels means "brown rock" in German; the city is named for Braunfels, in Germany. The city's population was 57,740 as of the 2010 census, up 58% from the 2000 census population of 36,494. It is the seat of Comal County. New Braunfels has a sizeable German Texan community. During the 19th century, its name was often spelled Neu-Braunfels, even by English speakers.
New Braunfels was established in 1845 by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, Commissioner General of the Adelsverein, also known as the Noblemen's Society (in German: Mainzer Adelsverein). Prince Solms named the settlement in honor of his home of Solms-Braunfels, Germany.
The Adelsverein organized hundreds of people in Germany to settle in Texas. Immigrants from Germany began arriving at Galveston in July, 1844. Most then traveled by ship to Indianola in December, 1844 and began the overland journey to the Fisher-Miller Land Grant purchased by Prince Solms. At the urging of John Coffee Hays, who realized the settlers would not have time to build homes and plant crops further inland before winter, and as the German settlers were traveling inland along the Guadalupe River, they stopped near the Comal Springs. Prince Solms bought two leagues of land from the Rafael Garza and Maria Antonio Veramendi Garza for $1,111.00.
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Newton, Texas
Newton is a city in Newton County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,459 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Newton County.
Both Newton County and its county seat, Newton, were named after John Newton, a supposed hero of the American Revolutionary War. However, John Newton's heroics are said to be a product of Parson Weems, who also fictionalized the story of George Washington and the cherry tree. In 1853, disputes led to the building of a courthouse and town in the county's geographical center instead of in Burkeville, a community 11 miles north northeast of Newton. A second courthouse in Newton, a Second Empire style structure, was built in 1902-03 with bricks from nearby Caney Creek, according to a Texas Historical Commission marker. The town was incorporated in 1935 and remains the only incorporated city in the county. The town's public school began when the W.H. Ford Male and Female College was chartered in 1889. The site of the college later became the Powell Hotel and now serves as a museum and houses the city's chamber of commerce. The growth of the city during the first half of the 20th century was largely due to the dominant timber industry in East Texas. The town had at least one newspaper prior to 1920s. The county courthouse, a focal point of a city square that featured extensive Christmas lighting in the early 1990s, was severely damaged by a fire in August 2000. Various funding and other problems pushed back the time frame for the restoration of the edifice for several years. Completion of the rebuilding is estimated to be sometime in 2008. Although almost 80 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, Newton suffered extensive damage in September 2005 from Hurricane Rita. The National Weather Service estimated wind gusts in the vicinity of Newton to be between 80 mph to 100 mph. Some residents were without electricity for at least one month.
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Northeast Texas
Coordinates: 32°26′N 94°59′W / 32.433°N 94.983°W / 32.433; -94.983
Northeast Texas is a region in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Texas. It is geographically centered around two metropolitan areas strung along Interstate 20: Tyler in the west and Longview/Marshall to the east. Clarksville, Mount Pleasant, Greenville, Paris and Texarkana in the north and the Nacogdoches/Lufkin area, Jacksonville and Palestine to the south are also major cities within the region. Most of Northeast Texas is included in the inter-state region of the Arklatex.
Its climate is warmer and wetter than most of Texas and its geography is more hilly and forested. Its culture is similar to that of Southeast Texas, but does not have as much of a Cajun influence. Many of the largest cities in Northeast Texas still follow a rural Southern way of life, especially in dialect, mannerisms, religion, and cuisine.
The geography is composed mainly of the Piney Woods, a mixed forest of deciduous and conifer flora. The Piney woods cover 23,500 square miles (60,900 km²) of gently rolling or hilly forested land. These woods are part of a much larger region of pine-hardwood forest that extends into Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Northeast Texas lies within the Gulf Coastal Plain and receives more rainfall, 35 to 50 inches (890 to 1270 mm), than the rest of Texas.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Odessa, Texas
Odessa is a city in and the county seat of Ector County, Texas, United States. It is located primarily in Ector County, although a small portion of the city extends into Midland County. Odessa's population was 99,940 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Odessa, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Ector County. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland–Odessa, Texas Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 266,941 as of July 1, 2009. estimate.
Odessa was founded in 1881 as a water stop and cattle shipping point on the Texas and Pacific Railway. The first post office opened in 1885. Odessa became the county seat of Ector county in 1891 when Ector county was first organized. It became an incorporated city in 1927, after oil was discovered in Ector county on the Connell Ranch southwest of Odessa.
With the opening of the Penn Field in 1929, and the Cowden Field in 1930, oil became a major draw for new residents. In 1925 the population was just 750, by 1929 it had risen to 5,000. Due to increased demand for oil during the second world war the city's population had expanded to 10,000.
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One Moody Plaza
One Moody Plaza is a 23 floor skyscraper at 1902 Market Street in Downtown Galveston, Texas, United States. The building was designed by the architectural firm of Neuhaus & Taylor. At its completion in 1972, One Moody Plaza was the tallest building in all of Galveston County, Texas, standing 357.6 feet (109 m) tall.
The American National Insurance Company, one of the top 100 largest companies in the Houston area, is headquartered in this building.
The building opened in 1972 and remained the tallest building in Galveston until 2007 when two condominium towers were completed nearby. At one time the 20th floor housed an observation deck, open to the general public. However in the 1990s, it was closed due to security and liability concerns.
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Orange, Texas
Orange is a city in Orange County, Texas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 18,643. It is the county seat of Orange County, and is the easternmost city in Texas. Located on the Sabine River at the border with Louisiana, it is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. Founded in 1836, it is a deep-water port (to the Gulf of Mexico).
This community was originally called Green Bluff for a man named Reason Green, a Sabine River boatman who arrived at this location sometime before 1830. A short time later, in 1840, the town was renamed Madison in honor of President James Madison. To resolve the frequent post office confusion with another Texas community called Madisonville, the town was renamed "Orange" in 1858. The area experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century due to 17 sawmills within the city limits, making Orange the center of the Texas lumber industry. Orange's growth led to the arrival of many immigrants in the late 19th century, including a moderately-sized Jewish population by 1896. In 1898, the County built a courthouse in the city, which eventually burned down and was replaced by the Orange County Courthouse.
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Ozona, Texas
Ozona is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Crockett County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,436 at the 2000 census. It is the only Census Bureau-recognized community in Crockett County, which is named for Colonel Davy Crockett, a hero of the Alamo.
Ozona is called the "Biggest Little Town in the World." It is located on Interstate 10 some eighty-two miles southwest of San Angelo. Crockett County is one of the nation's leading producers of wool and mohair. It is situated in the Edwards Plateau region in the western edge of the Texas Hill Country. Hunters come to Ozona in search of white-tailed deer, javelina, and game birds.
The county was organized in 1891 under a giant oak tree, which still stands and shades the historical marker describing the event. The Davy Crockett Monument is a large statue in the City Park on the town square.
Ozona was known as Powell Well, after land surveyor E.M. Powell, when it was founded in 1891. In 1897 it was renamed Ozona for the high quantity of its open air, or "ozone". A flood in 1954 killed sixteen people and destroyed about half of the homes in the town.
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Paducah, Texas
Paducah is a town in Cottle County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,498 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Cottle County. It is just south of the Texas Panhandle.
Paducah is located at 34°0′50″N 100°18′14″W / 34.01389°N 100.30389°W / 34.01389; -100.30389 (34.013957, -100.303780).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
It is one of two cities named Paducah located in the United States. The other Paducah is in extreme western Kentucky. Paducah, Texas was named after Paducah, Kentucky.[1]
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,498 people, 650 households, and 421 families residing in the town. The population density was 985.0 people per square mile (380.5/km²). There were 820 housing units at an average density of 539.2 per square mile (208.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 79.57% White, 11.21% African American, 7.61% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.29% of the population.
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Paint Rock, Texas
Paint Rock is a town in and the county seat of Concho County, Texas, United States. The population was 320 at the 2000 census.
The town's name comes from Indian pictographs painted on cliffs overlooking the nearby Concho River.These pictographs cover nearly half a mile upstream from the town of Paint Rock. Some of the pictures painted on the rocks include animals, human figures, and handprints.
Paint Rock is located at 31°30′28″N 99°55′24″W / 31.50778°N 99.92333°W / 31.50778; -99.92333 (31.507777, -99.923277).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km2), all of it land.
A chapter titled, "An Episode of Paint Rock" is devoted to the town in the 1895 book, "A Lone Star Bo-Peep, and Other Tales of Texan Ranch Life" written by Howard Seely. The chapter chronicles the week of May 5, 1883 in Paint Rock and features several local residents in the text.
As of the census of 2000, there were 320 people, 110 households, and 83 families residing in the town. The population density was 192.7 people per square mile (74.4/km²). There were 126 housing units at an average density of 75.9 per square mile (29.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.19% White, 2.81% Native American, 19.69% from other races, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino were 28.44% of the population.
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Palestine, Texas
Palestine ( /ˈpælɛstiːn/ PAL-e-steen) is a city in Anderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 17,598, and 18,458 in the 2009 estimate. It is the county seat of Anderson County and is situated in East Texas. Palestine was named for Palestine, Illinois, by Daniel Parker.
The largest employer is the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, which employs more than 3,900. Another 1,600 work at two Wal-Mart distribution centers. Other significant employers include a thriving medical and healthcare sector that tends to the large population of retirees.
Palestine entered the news in February 2003, as one of the East Texas towns that received much of the debris from the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, where seven astronauts were killed, including the first Israeli astronaut. Palestine is also home to the NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (renamed after the shuttle crash), which has flown 1700 high-altitude balloons for universities and research agencies.
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Palo Pinto, Texas
Palo Pinto is an unincorporated town in Palo Pinto County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat, and has an estimated population of 425.
When legislation calling for organization of Palo Pinto County was passed in 1856, a community was designated to be built within 5 miles of the center of the county to serve as the seat of government. The county was formally organized in May 1857, and on August 18 of the same year the first session of the county court was held, at which time the plans for the new county seat were discussed and enacted. The community, then called Golconda, was laid out soon thereafter and received its post office in March 1858. It was around this time that the town (and, soon after, post office) were re-named Palo Pinto.
The first Palo Pinto County Courthouse was built in 1857, and a two-story stone jail was built soon after. By 1860, Palo Pinto possessed a hotel, a law firm, several saloons and its own school. The Civil War, however, had a dire effect on commerce in the community forcing several businesses to close. Over the next decade or so, it evolved into a shipping point for the local ranching industry. The county's first newspaper opened in 1876, and throughout the 1870s the town remained the center of government, commerce, and the only town and principal settlement in Palo Pinto County.
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Pampa, Texas
Pampa is a city in Gray County, Texas, United States. The population was 17,887 in 2000 according to the 2000 census. Pampa is the county seat of Gray County and is the principal city of the Pampa Micropolitan Statistical Area which includes both Gray and Roberts counties.
Pampa hosts the Top 'O Texas Rodeo each year in July which brings competitors from Texas and the surrounding states to Gray County. The White Deer Land Company Museum which showcases ranching exhibits is located in downtown Pampa.
Pampa is located at 35°32′35″N 100°57′53″W / 35.54306°N 100.96472°W / 35.54306; -100.96472 (35.543005, -100.964744). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total land area of 8.7 square miles (23 km2).
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,887 people, 7,387 households, and 5,074 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,050.0 people per square mile (791.1/km²). There were 8,785 housing units at an average density of 1,006.8 per square mile (388.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.69% White, 3.85% African American, 1.07% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 8.22% from other races, and 2.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.72% of the population.
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Panhandle, Texas
Panhandle is a town in Carson County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,589 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Carson County. Panhandle is part of the Amarillo, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. In July 2009 the population was estimated at 2,425.
Panhandle's history has been closely tied to the railroad. City Hall is located in a former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe depot.
Temple Lea Houston (1860–1905), the eighth and last child of the legendary Sam Houston, built a home near Panhandle. In 1881, he was named district attorney for the 35th Judicial District. He was elected to the Texas State Senate in 1884, two years before he met the minimum age requirement of twenty-six. Houston was known for favoring legislation popular with frontiersmen.
Panhandle is located at 35°20′51″N 101°22′55″W / 35.3475°N 101.38194°W / 35.3475; -101.38194 (35.347409, -101.381997).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
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Paris, Texas
Paris, Texas is a city located 98 miles (158 km) northeast of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex in Lamar County, Texas, in the United States. It is situated in Northeast Texas at the western edge of the Piney Woods. Physiographically, these regions are part of the West Gulf Coastal Plain. In 1900, 9,358 people lived in Paris; in 1910, 11,269; in 1920, 15,040; and in 1940, 18,678. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 25,171. It is the county seat of Lamar County and serves as a business and employment center for the county.
The film Paris, Texas by Wim Wenders was named after the city, but was not set there.
Local residents like the humorous slogan "Second Largest Paris in the World." Following a tradition of American cities named "Paris", a 65-foot (20 m) replica of the Eiffel Tower was constructed in 1993. In 1998, presumably as a response to the 1993 construction of a 70-foot (21 m) tower in Paris, Tennessee, the city placed a giant red cowboy hat atop the tower. The current tower is at least the second Eiffel Tower replica built in Paris; the first was constructed of wood and later destroyed by a tornado.
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Pasadena, Texas
Pasadena ( /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Harris County, 17th-largest in Texas, and 162nd largest in the United States. The area was founded in 1893 by John H. Burnett of Galveston. Burnett, the founder,[citation needed] named the area after Pasadena, California because of the perceived lush vegetation.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city's population was 149,043. The Pasadena Volunteer Fire Department is the largest all volunteer municipal fire department in the United States.
Prior to European settlement the area around Galveston Bay was settled by the Karankawa and Atakapan tribes, particularly the Akokisa, who lived throughout the Gulf coast region. Spanish explorers such as the Rivas-Iriarte expedition and José Antonio de Evia charted the bay and gave it its name. The pirate Jean Lafitte established a short-lived kingdom based in Galveston in the early 19th century with bases and hide-outs around the bay and around Clear Lake. Lafitte was forced to leave in 1821 by the U.S. Navy.
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Pearland, Texas
Pearland (pronounced "pear-land", like the fruit), is a city located along the Gulf Coast region in the US state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is in the counties of Brazoria, Fort Bend, and Harris. As of the census of 2000, the city's population was 37,640. As of 2008, Pearland is estimated to have a population of 90,700 according to city limit signs. The 2010 census returned a population of 91,252.
In 2007, Forbes Magazine ranked Pearland as the 34th fastest growing suburb in the nation. It is therefore the fastest growing suburb in the Greater Houston area, and the 10th fastest growing in the state of Texas.
Pearland is located at 29°33′16″N 95°17′45″W / 29.55444°N 95.29583°W / 29.55444; -95.29583 (29.554349, −95.295959).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 39.4 square miles (101.9 km²), of which, 39.3 square miles (101.9 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.08%) is water.
In 2009 the city said that the city limits had 48 square miles (120 km2) and that the combined area of the city limits and of nearby unincorporated areas, including Country Place and Silverlake, was 72 square miles (190 km2).
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Pearsall, Texas
Pearsall is a city in and the county seat of Frio County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,001 at the 2000 census.
Pearsall is located at 28°53′29″N 99°5′42″W / 28.89139°N 99.095°W / 28.89139; -99.095 (28.891458, -99.094873).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), of which, 4.2 square miles (11 km2) of it was land and 0.24% is water.
In 2003, Pearsall annexed the West Pearsall CDP, increasing the population of the town by about 350 people. This increased the area of the city by 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, 7,523 people reside in Pearsall with 2,201 households, and 12 families residing in the city. The population density was 100,694.7 people per square mile (654.8/km²). There were 2,470 housing units at an average density of 584.9/sq mi (226.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.80% White, 0.39% African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 22.01% from other races, and 2.79% from two or more races. 84.24% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Pecos, Texas
Pecos is the largest city in and the county seat of Reeves County, Texas, United States. It is situated in the river valley on the west bank of the Pecos River at the eastern edge of the Chihuahuan Desert and the Trans-Pecos region of west Texas and near the southern border of New Mexico. The population was 9,501 at the 2000 census, but, according to a July 2009 estimate, the population has since dropped to 7,782. The city on January 24, 2012 had just appeared on Forbes 400 as the 2nd-fastest growing small town in the country. The city is a regional commercial center for ranching, oil and gas production and agriculture. The city is most recognized for its association with the local cultivation of cantaloupes. Pecos claims to be the site of the world's first rodeo on July 4, 1883.
Pecos is one of the numerous towns in West Texas organized around a train depot during the construction of the Texas and Pacific Railway. These towns were subsequently linked by the construction of U.S. Highway 80 and Interstate 20. Prior to the arrival of the railroad, a permanent camp existed nearby where cattle drives crossed the Pecos River. With the introduction of irrigation from underground aquifers, the city became a center of commerce for extensive local agricultural production of cotton, onions and cantaloupes. The introduction of large scale sulfur mining in adjacent Culberson County during the 1960s led to significant economic and population growth. The growth was reversed after mining operations ceased in the 1990s.
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Perryton, Texas
Perryton is a city in Ochiltree County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,774 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Ochiltree County.
Perryton is located at 36°23′30″N 100°48′22″W / 36.39167°N 100.80611°W / 36.39167; -100.80611 (36.391752, -100.806109).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.5 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.4 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.45%) is water.
At the 2000 census, there were 7,774 people, 2,785 households and 2,113 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,753.2 per square mile (677.6/km²). There were 3,180 housing units at an average density of 717.2 per square mile (277.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.23% White, 0.15% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 11.10% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.13% of the population.
There were 2,785 households of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.22.
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Pittsburg, Texas
Pittsburg is a city located in Camp County, Texas. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 4,347. It is the county seat of Camp County. It is best known as the home of the giant poultry producer Pilgrim's Pride and the home of racing legend Carroll Shelby. Pittsburg is also the birthplace of Cavenders Boot City.
The city is named for the family of William Harrison Pitts.
Pittsburg is located at 32°59'49" North, 94°58'5" West (32.997029, -94.968044).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2), of which, 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
As of the census of 2000, there are 4,347 people (5100 as a present estimate), 1,593 households (4530 as a present estimate), 150 rental apartments, 1,056 families residing in the city, 25 Protestant churches, and 1 Catholic. The population density is 1,301.9 people per square mile (502.5/km²). There are 1,779 housing units at an average density of 532.8 per square mile (205.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 54.50% White, 27.97% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 15.76% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. 23.86% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Plains, Texas
Plains is a town in and the county seat of Yoakum County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,450 at the 2000 census.
Plains is located at 33°11′25″N 102°49′39″W / 33.19028°N 102.8275°W / 33.19028; -102.8275 (33.190251, -102.827578)..
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 square miles (2.6 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,450 people, 485 households, and 390 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,465.6 people per square mile (565.5/km²). There were 569 housing units at an average density of 575.1 per square mile (221.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 69.66% White, 0.76% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 27.79% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 53.03% of the population.
There were 485 households out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.0% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.37.
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Plainview, Texas
Plainview is a city in and the county seat of Hale County, Texas, United States. The population was 22,336 at the 2000 census.
Plainview is located at 34°11′28″N 101°43′8″W / 34.19111°N 101.71889°W / 34.19111; -101.71889 (34.191204, -101.718806).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.8 square miles (36 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 22,336 people, 7,626 households, and 5,666 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,621.0 inhabitants per square mile (625.9 /km2). There were 8,471 housing units at an average density of 614.8 /sq mi (237.4 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 63.21% White, 5.87% African American, 1.13% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 26.53% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.83% of the population.
There were 7,626 households out of which 40.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size is 200 million.
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Port Arthur, Texas
Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area of the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 57,755 at the 2000 census.
Port Arthur is located on the western bank of Sabine Lake. The Rainbow Bridge across the Neches River connects Port Arthur to Bridge City.
Aurora was located near the mouth of Taylor Bayou on Sabine Lake, at the site of present-day Port Arthur. The town was conceived as early as 1837, and by 1840 promoters led by Almanzon Huston were advertising town lots. Although some lots were sold, Houston's project failed to materialize. The area came to be known as Sparks after John Sparks and his family moved to the shores of Sabine Lake near the Aurora townsite. The Eastern Texas Railroad, completed between Sabine Pass and Beaumont just before the outbreak of the Civil War, passed about four miles west of Sparks. The railroad passing track at this point was named Aurora after the Houston project. The rails were removed during the Civil War. A few scattered settlers remained until 1886, when a destructive hurricane led residents to dismantle their homes and move to Beaumont. By 1895 Aurora was a ghost town. The abandoned community, however, soon became the site of Arthur E. Stilwell's new city, Port Arthur.
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Port Bolivar, Texas
Port Bolivar is an unincorporated area located in the Bolivar Peninsula census-designated place, in Galveston County, Texas, United States state of Texas within Galveston County and part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area.
As of 2000[update], Port Bolivar had a population of 1,200. The town is home to the historic Bolivar Lighthouse, which once guided ships entering Galveston Bay.
On April 23, 1991 the community, and other areas of Galveston County, received an enhanced 9-1-1 system which routes calls to proper dispatchers and allows dispatchers to automatically view the address of the caller. After Hurricane Ike the United States Postal Service temporarily relocated Port Bolivar post office box services to Winnie, Texas.
Ferry service is provided by the Texas Department of Transportation between Port Bolivar and Galveston. The ferry re-opened after Hurricane Ike on November 11, 2008.
Port Bolivar residents are zoned to Galveston Independent School District schools.
Residents attend Crenshaw Elementary and Middle School for grades Kindergarten through 8. Residents attend Ball High School in Galveston. The current Crenshaw building opened in 2005.
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Port Lavaca, Texas
Port Lavaca is a city in Calhoun County, Texas. The population was 12,248 at the 2010 census. The County had a 3.6% growth which brought the county population to 21,381. The city itself is bringing in more business into the area. It is the county seat of Calhoun County. It is a part of the Victoria, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Port Lavaca is located at 28°36′56″N 96°37′47″W / 28.61556°N 96.62972°W / 28.61556; -96.62972 (28.615635, -96.629741). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.6 square miles (35 km2), of which 9.8 square miles (25 km2) is land and 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2) (28.23%) is water.
Port Lavaca holds the state record of the highest wind speed ever reached. During Hurricane Carla in September 1961, the winds were recorded to gust up to 170 mph. In 2004, Port Lavaca including the South Texas Area, had recorded up to as much of 12 inches of snowfall.
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,248 people, 4,189 households, and 3,133 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,229.9 people per square mile (474.6/km²). There were 4,791 housing units at an average density of 489.6 per square mile (188.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.95% White, 4.05% African American, 0.47% Native American, 3.96% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 16.92% from other races, and 2.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50.11% of the population. 40.5% of the white population are of Moravian (German/Czech) origin.
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Port of Houston
The Port of Houston is a port in Houston — the fourth-largest port in the United States. The Port is a 25-mile-long complex of diversified public and private facilities located a few hours' sailing time from the Gulf of Mexico. It is the busiest port in the United States in terms of foreign tonnage, second-busiest in the United States in terms of overall tonnage, and thirteenth-busiest in the world. Though originally the port's terminals were primarily within the Houston city limits, the port has expanded to such a degree that today it has facilities in multiple communities in the surrounding area. In particular the port's busiest terminal, the Barbours Cut Terminal, is located in Morgan's Point.
The Port of Houston is a cooperative entity consisting of both the port authority, which operates the major terminals along the Houston Ship Channel, and more than 150 private companies situated along Buffalo Bayou and Galveston Bay. Many petroleum corporations have built refineries along the channel where they are partially protected from the threat of major storms in the Gulf of Mexico. The petrochemical complex associated with the Port of Houston is one of the largest in the world.
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Post, Texas
Post is a city in and the county seat of Garza County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,708 at the 2000 census.
There are many ranchers and civic boosters in Garza County, among them Giles McCrary, a former mayor who until his death in 2011 operated the OS Museum, a hybrid of exhibits from both the American West and Asia, which are changed three times per year.
Post observed its centennial in 2007. Festivities began with a parade and were followed by The All-School Reunion Dance, which featured the band Thrift Store Cowboys from Post, Texas. Old Mill Trade Days offered six hours of live music as well as other activities. Throughout the weekend commemoration, there were art shows, museum exhibits, and theater productions to observe the centennial.
In 1987, the Texas Historical Commission designated Post as a Texas Main Street City. Main Street is lined with gift and clothing stores located in restored historic buildings. Centennial Plaza on the courthouse lawn honors veterans and Post civic leaders.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (/ˌpɔrtə ˈriːkoʊ/ or /ˌpwɛərtə ˈriːkoʊ/), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, [esˈtaðo ˈlibɾe asoˈsjaðo ðe ˈpweɾto ˈriko]—literally, "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "rich port") comprises an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands, the largest of which are Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. The main island of Puerto Rico is the smallest by land area of the Greater Antilles. However, it ranks third in population amongst that group of four islands, which also include Cuba, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and Jamaica. Due to its location, Puerto Rico enjoys a tropical climate and also experiences the Atlantic hurricane season.
Originally populated for centuries by indigenous aboriginal peoples known as Taínos, the island was claimed by Christopher Columbus for Spain during his second voyage to the Americas on November 19, 1493. Under Spanish rule, the island was colonized and the indigenous population was forced into slavery and nearly wiped out due to, among other things, European infectious diseases. The remaining population was emancipated by King Charles I in 1520. Spain possessed Puerto Rico for over 400 years, despite attempts at capture of the island by the French, Dutch, and British. The Spanish Crown, in an attempt to keep Puerto Rico from gaining its independence, revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815. The decree was printed in three languages — Spanish, English and French — and it fostered the immigration of hundreds of non-Spanish European families.
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Quanah, Texas
Quanah /ˈkwɑːnə/ is a city in and the county seat of Hardeman County, Texas, United States, 192 miles (309 km) northwest of Fort Worth, and a few miles from the Oklahoma-Texas state line. It is named for Quanah Parker, the last Comanche chief.
The community was organized in 1884 as a stop on the Fort Worth and Denver Railway.
The county seat of Hardeman County was moved from Margaret to Quanah in 1890 after an acrimonious battle that contributed to the splitting off of the southern section of Hardeman County as Foard County. The courthouse, constructed in 1908, anchors what is now the historic downtown district. The courthouse was financed by a bond election approved by voters in 1906. The project architect was R.H. Stuckey of Chillicothe, Texas. It has both domed cupola and Ionic columns.
Southeast of Quanah and south of Chillicothe is the ghost town of Medicine Mound, which consists of two buildings. One is a restoration of a former general store, which highlights the history of rural America. The curator is Myna Potts.
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Quitman, Texas
Quitman is a city in Wood County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,030 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wood County. It is most notable for being the birthplace of Academy Award winning actress Sissy Spacek. The city's slogan is "Come grow with us." It was established in 1850.
Quitman is located at 32°47′46″N 95°26′40″W / 32.79611°N 95.44444°W / 32.79611; -95.44444 (32.796026, -95.444501).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.8 km²).
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,030 people, 775 households, and 509 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,103.5 people per square mile (426.0/km²). There were 874 housing units at an average density of 475.1 per square mile (183.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.05% White, 6.40% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 1.63% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.30% of the population.
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Rankin, Texas
Rankin is a city in Upton County, Texas, United States. The population was 800 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of the thinly populated county – in 2000, only 3,404 people lived in the entire county, and McCamey was the only larger town. It is named after F.E. Rankin, a local rancher.
Rankin is located at 31°13′28″N 101°56′27″W / 31.22444°N 101.94083°W / 31.22444; -101.94083 (31.224412, -101.940866). It is at the junction of U.S. Highway 67 and Texas State Highway 329, known locally as Ranch Road 870.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.7 km²), all of it land.
The town was founded in 1911, and the post office was built a year later. In 1921, still a tiny community based around the ranching industry, it was designated county seat. Rankin was served by the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway.
The discovery of the Yates Oil Field in adjacent Pecos County in 1926 converted Rankin into a boom town. Since Rankin was the nearest settlement on a rail line, it became the center for the oil services industry for the nearby oil fields. During the Great Depression the population declined as the price of oil fell, and as workers moved away to work in newly-discovered fields in East Texas and elsewhere; however, a secondary boom occurred in the 1940s with the discovery of the nearby Benedum Oil Field. A hospital, three new schools, and a library date from this period. The population has gradually fallen since its secondary peak of 1,278 in 1980.
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Raymondville, Texas
Raymondville is a city in and the county seat of Willacy County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,733 at the 2000 census. It may be included as part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville and the Matamoros–Brownsville metropolitan areas.
Raymondville was formed in 1904 by Edward Burleson Raymond, a foreman of the El Sauz Ranch portion of the King Ranch and owner of the Las Majadas Ranch.
Raymondville is located at 26°28′53″N 97°46′59″W / 26.48139°N 97.78306°W / 26.48139; -97.78306 (26.481464, -97.783013) and is known as the "Gateway to the Rio Grande Valley." According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.8 km²), all of it land.
Soils are mostly clay or sandy clay loams which are well drained or moderately well drained. Some fine sandy loams underlie the eastern part of town. These have near neutral pH. Other parts of town have moderately alkaline, somewhat saline soils. Around the southern edge of town is an area of strong salinity which imposes limitations on farmers and gardeners.
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Refugio, Texas
Refugio (i/rəˈfjʊəri.oʊ/ re-FURY-oh, not *[reˈfuxi.o]) is a town in Refugio County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,941 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Refugio County.
Refugio is located at 28°18′21″N 97°16′29″W / 28.30583°N 97.27472°W / 28.30583; -97.27472 (28.305812, -97.274594). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.0 km²). 1.6 square miles (4.0 km²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,941 people, 1,128 households, and 788 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,880.7 people per square mile (727.9/km²). There were 1,312 housing units at an average density of 839.0 per square mile (324.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 74.53% White, 13.40% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 9.38% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44.30% of the population.
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Republic of China
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Richmond, Texas
The city of Richmond is the seat of Fort Bend County in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the city population was 11,081. Richmond city boundaries are joined on one hand with Sugar Land and with the city of Rosenberg on the other hand.
Even though it is the county seat, thus containing most of the local government offices, it actually is one of the smaller cities in the area. Adjacent Sugar Land is the largest city in the county.
In 1822, a group of Austin's colonists went up the Brazos River, stopping near present day Richmond where they built a fort called Fort Bend. Named after Richmond, England, the town was among the 19 cities first incorporated by the short-lived Republic of Texas, in 1837. Early residents of the city include many prominent figures in Texas lore such as Jane Long, Deaf Smith, and Mirabeau Lamar, who are all buried in Richmond. On August 16, 1889, the town was the site of the Battle of Richmond, an armed fight culminating the Jaybird-Woodpecker War, a violent feud over post-Reconstruction political control of Fort Bend County. The Mayor since 1949 has been Hilmar Moore.[citation needed]
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Robert Lee, Texas
Robert Lee is a city in and the county seat of Coke County, Texas, United States. The founders named the city after Robert E. Lee, who is thought to have set up camp for a time near the current townsite on the Colorado River. Lee served in Texas from 1856 to 1861 as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army Second Cavalry, during which time he distinguished himself as a scout and engineer. The population was 1,049 at the 2010 census.
The town of Robert Lee is located on the Colorado River. Just upstream from the town is E.V. Spence Reservoir, managed by the Colorado River Municipal Water District. From the mid-1960s until approximately 1996, the reservoir's population of striped bass attracted sportsmen from across the southwestern U.S., providing significant income to the town. In the late 1990s, however, water use policies changed and the reservoir water levels were continually lowered until the striped bass population could no longer be sustained.
In addition to a once-great fishery, the area around Robert Lee supports a significant population of white-tailed deer, which can be a nuisance to local ranchers and farmers, but attracts large numbers of hunters during the annual hunting seasons. A very diverse set of wildlife occurs in the area, both native and migratory. Several species of birds, reptiles, and mammals make this part of Texas their home on either a temporary or permanent basis.
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Roby, Texas
Roby is a city in and the county seat of Fisher County, Texas, United States. The population was 643 at the 2010 census.
In 1885, shortly after Fisher County was organized, a dispute arose between business partners from Mississippi and a town called Fisher. Both wanted their land to host the courthouse. The partners were M.L. and D.C. Roby, and the town of Fisher is now called North Roby.
In 1886, construction was begun on the new courthouse and a school and post office opened. The community had thirteen houses by that summer. In 1890 the population was estimated to be 300 people and the town had a hotel, two general stores, Baptist and Methodist churches, a restaurant and a weekly newspaper, the Fisher County Call.
Roby had no jail until 1892, when one was constructed out of stone. A new jail was built in 1926 out of brick, and is still in use as of 2010. It has had three different courthouses during its existence, unlike many Texas county seats which have preserved and restored original courthouses. The most recent courthouse was built in 1972, and is strikingly modern in comparison to those found in many Texas counties.
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Rockport, Texas
Rockport is a city in Aransas County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,385 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Aransas County. The coastal community has approximately 8000 citizens. Large windswept live oaks are a dominating feature of the area and the state's oldest live oak, "Big Tree", resides on nearby Lamar Peninsula. The towns of Rockport and Fulton intermingle and many refer to the combined communities as "Rockport-Fulton." The community has a Maritime Museum, The Fulton Mansion State Historic Site, art galleries and shops.
Rockport is a popular tourist destination for its fishing,and ski basin. The city's beach offers a wide variety of ways to have fun including a playground and beach pavilion. The city hosts several fairs and expositions each year including the Oyster fest, Seafair, and a Wine Festival. There are also historic sites such as the Fulton Mansion and a Heritage district in downtown Rockport that offers a friendly and fun shopping environment. Key Allegro Marina is also a popular attraction, especially during The Rockport Offshore Challenge or The R.O.C.
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Rocksprings, Texas
Rocksprings is a town in Edwards County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 1,285. It is the county seat of Edwards County. The town received its name from natural springs that bubble forth from the porous limestone rocks in the area.
J. R. Sweeten sited Rocksprings in 1891 because of the springs nearby. Also in 1891, the town acquired a post office and was made county seat. The original courthouse built in the town burned in 1897. By 1914 Rocksprings had a population of around 500.
On April 12, 1927, the town was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town. The tornado killed 72 townspeople and injured 205, almost 1/3 of the population at the time.
Rocksprings is located at 30°0′58″N 100°12′32″W / 30.01611°N 100.20889°W / 30.01611; -100.20889 (30.016161, -100.209023). Rocksprings sits on top of the Edwards Plateau. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all of it land.
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Rockwall, Texas
Rockwall is a city in Rockwall County, Texas, United States, and a suburb of Dallas and part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. It is the county seat of Rockwall County. As the second wealthiest county in the state of Texas in terms of median income, the majority of its residents enjoy a relatively high standard of living. The population was 37,490 at the 2010 census. The name Rockwall is derived from a naturally jointed geological formation, which has the appearance of an artificial wall.
The area of Rockwall was originally occupied by Caddo Indians. Creek Indians moved to the area in early 19th century. The origin of Rockwall also is related to the selection of its name. In 1851, as the first Anglo-American settlers moved to the area, they started to dig wells. During the digging, they found large underground rock walls that were initially believed to be manmade. Later study of the wall-like features by geologists and archaeologists found them to be jointed, natural sandstone dikes that had intruded Cretaceous marl. The town was established April 17, 1854 and named after these natural rock walls. While originally part of Kaufman County, in 1873, Rockwall County was formed with Rockwall being the county seat. The current mayor is David Sweet.
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Rosenberg, Texas
Rosenberg is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas within Fort Bend County and is part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 31,676 at the 2010 census. The community holds the Rosenberg Czech Fest on the first weekend in May and the Fort Bend County fair in October.
Rosenberg is named after Henry von Rosenberg who migrated from Switzerland to the United States in 1843. He was the first president of the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railroad.
Rosenberg is located at 29°33′9″N 95°48′18″W / 29.5525°N 95.805°W / 29.5525; -95.805 (29.552388, -95.804899).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.3 square miles (55 km2), of which 21.2 square miles (55 km2) is land and 0.05% is water.
At the 2000 census, there were 24,043 people, 7,933 households and 5,976 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,131.7 per square mile (436.8/km²). There were 8,438 housing units at an average density of 397.2 per square mile (153.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 65.69% White, 8.53% African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 22.17% from other races, and 2.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 54.96% of the population.
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Round Rock, Texas
Round Rock is a city in Travis and Williamson counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is part of the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area. The 2010 census places the population at 99,887.
The city straddles both sides of the Balcones Escarpment, a fault line in which the areas roughly east of IH-35 are flat and characterized by having black, fertile soils of the Blackland Prairie, and the west side of the Escarpment which consists mostly of hilly, karst-like terrain with little topsoil and higher elevations and which is part of the Texas Hill Country. Located about 20 miles (32 km) north of downtown Austin, Round Rock shares a common border with Austin at SH 45.
In August 2008, Money magazine named Round Rock as the seventh-best American small city in which to live. Round Rock was the only Texas city to make the Top 10. In a CNN article dated July 1, 2009, Round Rock was listed as the second-fastest growing city in the country, with a population growth of 8.2% in the preceding year.
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Rusk, Texas
Rusk is a city in Cherokee County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,085 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Cherokee County.
Rusk is located at 31°47′54″N 95°09′00″W / 31.798254°N 95.149865°W / 31.798254; -95.149865.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), of which, 6.8 square miles (18 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.29%) is water.
Rusk is about 90 miles (140 km) north of Huntsville.
Rusk has been home to three former governors, James Stephen Hogg, Thomas M. Campbell, and John B. Kendrick (Governor of Wyoming).
The town was established by an act of the Texas legislature on April 11, 1846. It was named after Thomas Jefferson Rusk, signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence. By 1850, Rusk reportedly had 355 residents. A post office was authorized on March 8, 1847.
The City of Rusk is no longer dry; a beer and wine local option election passed on May 9, 2009.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,085 people, 1,306 households, and 867 families residing in the city. The population density was 745.4 people per square mile (287.9/km2). There were 1,539 housing units at an average density of 225.6 per square mile (87.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 62.71% White, 30.01% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 5.15% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.92% of the population.
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San Angelo, Texas
San Angelo ( /sæn ˈændʒəloʊ/) is a city in the state of Texas and the . county seat of Tom Green County in West Central Texas. As of 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total population of 93,200. The San Angelo metropolitan area had a population of 111,823.
San Angelo is home to Angelo State University, historic Fort Concho, and Goodfellow Air Force Base.
Some common nicknames of San Angelo include Angelo, the River City, the Concho City, the Pearl of the Conchos, and the Oasis of West Texas.
Prior to the coming of Europeans, San Angelo was the center of the Jumano people. The area had been inhabited for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples. In 1632, a short-lived mission of Franciscans under Spanish auspices was founded in the area to serve the Indians.
The current city of San Angelo was founded by European Americans in 1867, when the United States constructed Fort Concho as one of a series of new forts designed to protect the frontier from hostile threats. The fort was home to cavalry, infantry, and the famous Black Cavalry, otherwise known as Buffalo Soldiers by Native Americans.
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San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
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San Augustine, Texas
San Augustine is a city in San Augustine County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,475 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Augustine County and is situated in East Texas.
San Augustine is located at 31°31′52″N 94°06′39″W / 31.531086°N 94.110971°W / 31.531086; -94.110971 (31.531086, -94.110971).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.7 square miles (12 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (2.08%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,475 people, 859 households, and 573 families residing in the city. The population density was 525.2 people per square mile (202.9/km2). There were 1,076 housing units at an average density of 228.3/sq mi (88.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 37.82% White, 57.94% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 3.07% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.13% of the population.
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San Diego, Texas
San Diego is a city in Duval and Jim Wells counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 4,488 at the 2010 census. It is located primarily in Duval County, of which it is the county seat.
San Diego is located at 27°45′45″N 98°14′20″W / 27.762559°N 98.238771°W / 27.762559; -98.238771 (27.762559, -98.238771).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,753 people, 1,548 households, and 1,187 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,917.1 people per square mile (1,125.9/km2). There were 1,793 housing units at an average density of 1,100.4 per square mile (424.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.06% White, 0.27% African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.02% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 17.72% from other races, and 3.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 96.87% of the population.
There were 1,548 households out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 24.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.52.
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San Leon, Texas
San Leon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,970 at the 2010 census.
During the early 19th century the pirate Jean Lafitte who ruled Galveston Island established a stronghold at Eagle Point in modern San Leon. Eagle Point went on to become an important shipping and trading post for slaves. A community was established, known as Edward's Point and later North Galveston. When the North Galveston, Houston and Kansas City Railroad was built through the area in 1893 the town began to develop as a commercial center. However, following the hurricanes in 1900 and 1915 the town was devastated and never able to fully recover. Attempts were made in the early 20th century to establish a resort community in the area, but these efforts met with only modest success. Growth and development since this time have been relatively stagnant.
In April 1985 residents of San Leon, Bacliff, and Bayview considered an incorporation proposal to become the City of Bayshore. Judge Ray Holbrook signed an order for the election to take place on April 6, 1985, freeing the area, which had a population of 11,000, from the extraterritorial jurisdiction of League City and Texas City. Residents rejected the incorporation proposal. The vote was tallied with 1,268 against and 399 in favor. Proponents wanted a local police force and the ability to pass ordinances. Opponents said that the tax base was too small to support municipal services including police and road and drainage improvements.
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San Luis Pass
San Luis Pass is a strait of water at the south-western end of Galveston Island off the shores of the U.S. state of Texas. It connects the sheltered waters of West Bay to the open Gulf of Mexico.
Pier fishing on the San Luis Pass Pier was a favorite for visitors and locals alike for many years, however the beach and pier were wiped out during Hurricane Ike in 2008, and is unable to be rebuilt. The pass is also home to bank fishermen who often travel many miles to take advantage of the excellent redfish population from June thru October.
Overnight camping, while once allowed, is prohibited on the Galveston side of the pass. Swimmers and fishermen have been killed in the Pass' treacherous waters, largely due to murky water, uncharted drop-offs, and fast moving currents. The San Luis Pass Camp Ground and county park [1] is the only accessible place now.
Hurricane Ike in September 2008, forever changed the topography of the beach. What was once a driveway and public beach access is now part of the Gulf of Mexico. The land where the bait house of the pier once stood, is now permanently submerged.
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San Marcos, Texas
San Marcos is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, and is the seat of Hays County. Located within the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area, the city is located on the Interstate 35 corridor—between Austin and San Antonio.
Founded on the banks of the San Marcos River, the area is considered to be among the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the Northern Hemisphere. San Marcos is home to Texas State University–San Marcos, and the Aquarena Center. The population was 50,371 in 2008. San Marcos was listed in the 2010 Business Week's fourth annual survey of the "Best Places to Raise your Kids."
Archeologists have found evidence at the San Marcos River associated with the Clovis culture, which suggests that the river has been the site of human habitation for more than 10,000 years. The headwaters of the cool, clear river are the San Marcos Springs, fed by the Edwards Aquifer. The San Marcos Springs are the thirty largest collection of springs in Texas. Never in recorded history has the river run dry.
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San Saba, Texas
San Saba is a town located in Central Texas. It was settled in 1854 and named for its location on the San Saba River. The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Saba County. The town is known as the birthplace of actor Tommy Lee Jones and Marion King Hubbert.
San Saba county was the last county in Texas to have its roads paved.
San Saba is located at 31°11′43″N 98°43′30″W / 31.19528°N 98.725°W / 31.19528; -98.725 (31.195298, -98.725003).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, 2,637 people, 1,008 households, and 680 families resided in the town. The population density was 1,468.6 people per square mile (565.6/km²). There were 1,177 housing units at an average density of 655.5 per square mile (252.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 78.54% White, 0.64% African American, 1.74% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 17.33% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.51% of the population.
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Sanderson, Texas
Sanderson is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Terrell County, Texas, United States. The population was 837 at the 2010 census. Sanderson was created in 1882 as a part of neighboring Pecos County. It became the seat of Terrell County in 1905.
Sanderson is located at 30°8′28″N 102°23′45″W / 30.14111°N 102.39583°W / 30.14111; -102.39583 (30.141024, -102.395924).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.2 square miles (10.9 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 861 people, 356 households, and 237 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 205.7 people per square mile (79.3/km²). There were 635 housing units at an average density of 151.7/sq mi (58.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.88% White, 2.09% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 9.18% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.45% of the population.
There were 356 households out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Santa Fe, Texas
Santa Fe (Spanish: santa—holy, fe—faith) is a city in Galveston County, Texas, United States. It is named for the Santa Fe Railroad (now part of BNSF Railway) which runs through the town alongside State Highway 6. The population of Santa Fe at the 2010 census was 12,222.
The community grew after the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway was built outside the area in 1877. Just over a century later in 1978, the residents there voted to become incorporated, and by the 1980s, Santa Fe annexed the towns of Arcadia and Alta Loma.
The City of Santa Fe came to be when the neighboring City of Hitchcock tried to annex an area in eastern Alta Loma known as the Morningview neighborhood.[citation needed] After a 2-year struggle, the residents of Alta Loma were given the chance to vote on becoming their own independent city. On January 21, 1978, Santa Fe incorporated Alta Loma into its city limits. To be in accordance with the laws of Texas, a certain number of residents was required, so a large part of the next town of Arcadia was also included. The new city's name, Santa Fe, was chosen after the Santa Fe Independent School District which had been named for the railroad in the early 19th century.
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Sarita, Texas
Sarita is an census designated place in, and the county seat of Kenedy County, Texas, United States. It is the only settlement of note in the county, and as of the 2010 US Census had a population of 238.
Sarita was created in 1904 as the headquarters of the Kenedy Ranch, and was named by its founder, John G. Kenedy, after his daughter. The town grew to about 300 residents by 1916, when a major hurricane swept through the area and many settlers moved away (in 1999, the largest Texas hurricane in 20 years, Bret, came ashore near Sarita but did little damage). Although the town was made county seat when Kenedy County was created in 1921, it has not grown appreciably since then.
Today, Sarita is home to a Catholic church, a school, several homes, a post office, and the Lebh Shomea House of Prayer, all centered around the headquarters of the Kenedy Ranch, but no businesses are active other than the ranch. The 1921 Kenedy County Courthouse is a two-story white Beaux-Arts structure on a large green and the most prominent building in town; many county employees actually live in Kleberg County just to the north, as there is limited housing available in Sarita or Kenedy County. Across the street sits the whitewashed, two-story headquarters of the Kenedy Pasture Company, which owns most of the land in the county and employs many of Sarita's citizens. The building also houses the Kenedy Ranch Museum.
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Schlitterbahn
Schlitterbahn is a family-owned and operated company based in New Braunfels, Texas, USA. Schlitterbahn began its first park, Schlitterbahn Waterpark Resort, in 1979. Since then Schlitterbahn has developed three waterparks located in Texas and one in Kansas City, Kansas.
Schlitterbahn Waterparks are summer seasonal parks. They operate typically from late-April to mid-September. Schlitterbahn Galveston Island Waterpark, which opened in 2006, has one indoor section that has limited operation during fall and winter.
The name Schlitterbahn is a German word loosely translated as "slippery road".
Once a river accommodation called "Landa Resort", Schlitterbahn began as a few waterslides meant to entertain resort guests. By the early 1990s, Schlitterbahn Waterpark Resort stretched over 65 acres (260,000 m2) and featured hundreds of resort rooms, dozens of water slides, children's water playgrounds and miles of inner tube chutes.
Blaster Technology was invented at Schlitterbahn and is now used at waterparks all over the world. Schlitterbahn even builds rides for some parks and makes the parts required for them, since the parts required are so unique.
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Seabrook, Texas
Seabrook is a city in Harris County in the U.S. state of Texas, with some water surface area located within Chambers County. The population was 11,952 at the 2010 census.
Seabrook is known for its fish markets on Waterfront Drive where resident shrimpers and fishermen bring in their catches daily. Besides bordering the bay, the city encompasses marshes though which runoff from inland fields drain to the bay. There are 8 miles (13 km) of continuous trails from Hammer Street to Galveston Bay at Pine Gully Park, where the Lucky Trails Marathon is run in March. Seabrook is also host to the Texas Concours d'Elegance "Keels & Wheels" classic car and boat show held each year the first weekend in May at Lakewood Yacht Club.[citation needed]
The piece of land was purchased by Seabrook W. Sydnor in 1895. In March 1903, the Seabrook Company of Houston created a layout of the proposed Seabrook Town site. The new town attracted fishermen, merchants and even a few residents. The historic downtown that was built then still stands today, with many locals running their businesses. Most are antique shops of bed and breakfast places.
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Seguin, Texas
Seguin ( /səˈɡiːn/) is a city in Guadalupe County, Texas, in the United States. It is part of the San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 22,011; the July 1, 2009 Census estimate, however, showed the population had increased to 26,842. It is the county seat of Guadalupe County.
Seguin was a region once inhabited by the native hunter-gatherer Indians of Texas. Tonkawas had predominantly lived in Seguin, camping around the Guadalupe River and other streams in the area . Eventually Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo settlements were founded in the location that would become Seguin. One of the earliest settlers and an important figure of Texas history, Jose Antonio Navarro established a ranch near Seguin. In 1831, land was granted to Umphries Branch by the Mexican government and settled by the Branch and John Newton Sowell Sr. families in 1833, in the western part of Green DeWitt's colony. Sowell was a farmer, and in 1833 he and his brothers became the first American immigrants to raise corn in future Guadalupe County.
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Seminole, Texas
Seminole is a city in and the county seat of Gaines County in west Texas, United States. The population was 6,430 at the 2010 census. It is the birthplace of Country music singers Larry Gatlin and Tanya Tucker.
Seminole is located at 32°43′7″N 102°39′00″W / 32.71861°N 102.65°W / 32.71861; -102.65.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,910 people, 2,082 households, and 1,590 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,762.3 inhabitants per square mile (681.2/km²) . There were 2,337 housing units at an average density of 696.9 per square mile (269.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 80.64% White, 1.98% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 13.52% from other races, and 2.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.59% of the population.
There were 2,082 households out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.28.
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Senate of Texas
The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing 31 single-member districts across the state with populations of approximately 672,000 per constituency. Texas Senate elections are held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November on the same date as gubernatorial elections and do not coincide with the presidential elections. There are no term limits, and each term is four years long. The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The Republicans currently control the chamber, which is made up of 19 Republicans and 12 Democrats.
The Lieutenant Governor of Texas serves as the President of the Senate. The lieutenant governor's duties include presiding over the Senate, appointing chairs of committees, committee members, assigning and referring bills to specific committees, recognizing members during debate, and making procedural rulings. The lieutenant governor may also cast a vote should a Senate floor vote end in a tie. If the Senate votes to dissolve itself into the Committee of the Whole, in which all members are part of the committee, the President Pro-Tempore resides over the proceedings, with the Lieutenant Governor acting as a regular voting member. Due to the various powers of committee selection and bill assignment, the lieutenant governor is arguably considered more powerful than the Governor of Texas[citation needed], and is considered one of the most powerful lieutenant governorships in the United States.
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Seymour, Texas
Seymour is a city in and the county seat of Baylor County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,740 as of the 2010 Census.
Seymour is located at 33°35′30″N 99°15′39″W / 33.59167°N 99.26083°W / 33.59167; -99.26083 (33.591552, −99.260968).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,740 people, a decrease of 5.78% since 2000 (168 people). The racial makeup of the town was 91.28% White (2,501 people), 13.61% Hispanic or Latino of any race (373 people), 2.45% African American (67 people), 0.22% Native American (6 people), 0.11% Asian (3 people), 0.11% Pacific Islander (3 people), 4.11% from other races (104 people), and 3.80% from two or more races (56 people).
There were 1,451 housing units, 249 of which were vacant.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,908 people, 1,273 households, and 790 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,067.5 people per square mile (412.8/km²). There were 1,534 housing units at an average density of 563.1 per square mile (217.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.24% White (2,595 people), 10.45% Hispanic or Latino of any race (304 people), 4.57% African American (133 people), 0.48% Native American (14 people), 0.72% Asian (21 people), 0.10% Pacific Islander (3 people), 3.44% from other races (100 people), and 1.44% from two or more races (42 people).
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Sherman, Texas
Sherman is a city in and the county seat of Grayson County, Texas, United States. The city's population as of 2010 was 38,521. It is also one of two principal cities in the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The City of Sherman was named after General Sidney Sherman (July 23, 1805 – August 1, 1873), a hero of the Texas Revolution. The community was designated as the county seat by the act of the Texas legislature which created Grayson County on March 17, 1846. In 1847, a post office began operation. Sherman was originally located at the center of the county, but in 1848 it was moved about three miles (5 km) east to its current location. By 1850, Sherman had become an incorporated town under Texas law. It had also become a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail route through Texas. By 1852, Sherman had a population of 300. It consisted of a public square with a log court house, and several businesses, a district clerk's office, and a church along the east side of the square.
During the 1850s and 1860s, Sherman continued to develop and it participated in the regional politics. The first flour mill was built in 1861. In 1862 the publisher of Sherman's anti-secessionist Whig newspaper, the Patriot, was murdered. During and after the Civil War, north Texas outlaw bands led by Jesse James and William Quantrill were seen in Sherman. Years later, James spent at least part of his honeymoon in Sherman, where he was photographed on horseback.
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Sierra Blanca, Texas
Sierra Blanca is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Hudspeth County, Texas, United States. The population was 533 at the 2000 census, and had decreased to 510 according to a July 2007 estimate.
The town, founded in 1881 at the completion point of a long-sought southern transcontinental railway, was named for nearby Sierra Blanca Mountain, which was named for the white poppies which grew on it (sierra blanca is Spanish for white mountain).
Sierra Blanca is located at 31°10′55″N 105°20′27″W / 31.18194°N 105.34083°W / 31.18194; -105.34083 (31.182009, -105.340843).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.1 square miles (11 km2), of which 4.1 square miles (11 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (0.73%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 533 people, 184 households, and 126 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 131.0 people per square mile (50.6/km²). There were 227 housing units at an average density of 55.8 per square mile (21.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.99% White, 3.19% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 5.07% from other races, and 3.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 72.61% of the population.
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Silverton, Texas
Silverton is a city in Briscoe County, Texas, United States. The population was 771 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Briscoe County.
Silverton is located at 34°28′17″N 101°18′17″W / 34.47139°N 101.30472°W / 34.47139; -101.30472 (34.471256, -101.304749).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 771 people, 303 households, and 217 families residing in the city. The population density was 766.4 people per square mile (294.7/km²). There were 362 housing units at an average density of 359.8/sq mi (138.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.51% White, 0.52% African American, 0.78% Native American, 15.69% from other races, and 3.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.15% of the population.
There were 303 households out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09.
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Sinton, Texas
Sinton is a city in San Patricio County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,676 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of San Patricio County. It is named in honor of David Sinton.
Sinton is located at 28°2′5″N 97°30′32″W / 28.03472°N 97.50889°W / 28.03472; -97.50889 (28.034824, -97.508942).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,676 people, 1,845 households, and 1,409 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,582.0 people per square mile (996.1/km²). There were 2,026 housing units at an average density of 921.6 per square mile (355.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.47% White, 3.63% African American, 0.93% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 18.48% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.04% of the population.
There were 1,845 households out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.35.
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Snyder, Texas
Snyder is a city in and the county seat of Scurry County, Texas, United States. The population was 10,653 at the 2010 census. It is located on Deep Creek, a minor tributary of the Colorado River of Texas. Snyder is approximately 150 km (93 miles) southeast of Lubbock.
Located in Snyder is the Scurry County Coliseum, a large meeting hall which hosts area events. Now known only as "The Coliseum," the structure has since 2008 been operated by Western Texas College. Outside the Coliseum is a locomotive engine and a small restored historic village.
On the courthouse grounds downtown is a veterans' monument and the sculpture of a rare albino buffalo.
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,783 people, 4,980 households, and 2,880 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,256.8 people per square mile (485.2/km²). There were 5,013 housing units at an average density of 584.3 per square mile (225.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.00% White, 4.69% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 13.68% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.8% of the population.
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Sonora, Texas
Sonora is the county seat of Sutton County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,924 at the 2000 census.
Sonora is located at 30°34′5″N 100°38′39″W / 30.56806°N 100.64417°W / 30.56806; -100.64417 (30.568166, -100.644163).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.1 km²), all of it land.
The area lies in the western portions of the Texas Hill Country, a region of limestone outcrops and rolling terrain dotted with areas of live oaks (Quercus fusiformis) and Juniper (Juniperus ashei) in the form of a woodland or savanna, alternating with a blend of various grasses and other shrubs and cacti.
Sonora's climate is sub-humid, subtropical, though periods of long drought are not uncommon due to the proximity of deserts and steppes nearby, to the west. The upland location allows some of the periodic Gulf of Mexico moisture to interact with frontal systems and elevated terrain to create more clouds and precipitation than locations in the brush country to the south, or the steppes and deserts to the west and northwest. Thunderstorms with heavy rainfall are most frequent during spring and fall months, though some lighter, steady precipitation and low clouds can occur during the winter, due in large part to frontal systems originating on the plains and prairies to the north.
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South Houston, Texas
South Houston is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 15,833 at the 2000 census. It is bordered by the city of Houston and the city of Pasadena.
C.S. Woods of the Western Land Company founded the settlement of Dumont in 1907. A post office appeared in 1910. In 1913 Dumont was incorporated as the city of South Houston. Because of the 1913 incorporation, Houston did not incorporate South Houston's territory into its city limits, while Houston annexed surrounding areas that were unincorporated. South Houston's initial industrial activity consisted of shipping produce along the Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad. The hurricane of 1915 destroyed many of the local industries. The establishment of the Houston Ship Channel resulted in the establishment of manufacturing industries inland, including in South Houston. Between the 1940s and the early 1960s South Houston found rapid population growth. The city had 7,523 inhabitants in 1960. In 1980 South Houston had 11,782 inhabitants and 303 businesses. In 1990 14,207 inhabitants lived in South Houston.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Spearman, Texas
Spearman is a city in Hansford County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,368. It is the county seat of Hansford County, and is known for its collection of windmills from the J.B. Buchanan windmill collection. The city was named for Thomas E. Spearman, a vice president of the North Texas and Santa Fe Railway.
Spearman is located at 36°11′40″N 101°11′39″W / 36.19444°N 101.19417°W / 36.19444; -101.19417 (36.194450, -101.194048).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
Spearman was platted in May 1917 in anticipation of construction of the North Texas and Santa Fe Railway. A post office opened that year. By that time E. C. Hays had a store near the site, which was named for Thomas E. Spearman, a vice president of the line. World War I delayed completion of the railroad from Shattuck, Oklahoma, until October 1919, but Spearman already was thriving; several churches and businesses had moved in from Hansford. Spearman remained the terminus of the railroad until 1931, when the line was extended to Morse and points south. The town was incorporated in 1921 and had thirty businesses, a brick school building, and a population of 1,000 by 1926. Visit http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hgs13 for more information.
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Spring, Texas
Spring, Texas is a census-designated place (CDP) within the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Houston in Harris County, Texas, United States, 20 miles (32 km) north of Downtown Houston. The population was 54,298 at the 2010 census. While the name "Spring" is applied to a large area of NW Harris County, the town of Spring is located at the intersection of Spring-Cypress and Hardy Roads and encompasses a relatively small area of perhaps 1 km2.
The large geographic area now known as Spring was originally inhabited by the Orcoquiza Native Americans. In 1836 the Texas General Council of the Provisional Government placed what is now the town of Spring in the Harrisburg municipality. In 1838 William Pierpont placed a trading post on Spring Creek. In 1840 the town of Spring had 153 residents. By the mid-1840s many German immigrants, including Carl Wunsche, moved to the area and began farming. People from Louisiana and the post-United States Civil War Southern U.S. settled in Spring. The main cash crops in Spring were sugar cane and cotton; area residents also grew vegetables.
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Stafford, Texas
Stafford is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city is mostly in Fort Bend County with a small portion in Harris County. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Stafford's population was 17,693.
The city has the only municipal school district (Stafford Municipal School District) in all of Texas. Stafford is served by the Houston Community College System and has a campus within the city.
Stafford does not have a municipal property tax as of 1995. Even though it is known as a bedroom community of the greater Houston area, it is estimated that four times as many people work in Stafford on a week day, which is evidence of the large amount of commercial activity that helps the city financially. Many corporations both large and small including United Parcel Service,[citation needed] and Tyco[citation needed] maintain significant operations in Stafford.
As of 2012, the Mayor of Stafford is Leonard Scarcella, who was first elected in 1969 and has been a lifelong resident of the city.
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Stanton, Texas
Stanton is a city in and the county seat of Martin County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,556 at the 2000 census.
Stanton is located at 32°7′51″N 101°47′31″W / 32.13083°N 101.79194°W / 32.13083; -101.79194 (32.130740, -101.792072).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2), of which, 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of it is land and 0.56% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,556 people, 854 households, and 651 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,458.1 people per square mile (563.9/km²). There were 1,002 housing units at an average density of 571.6 per square mile (221.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.98% White, 2.86% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 19.56% from other races, and 2.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.90% of the population.
There were 854 households out of which 44.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.44.
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Stephenville, Texas
Stephenville is a city in and the county seat of Erath County, Texas, United States. The population was 17,123 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1856, it is home to Tarleton State University. Stephenville is among several communities that calls itself the "Cowboy Capital of the World".
Stephenville is named after John M. Stephen, who settled there in 1854 and donated the land for the townsite laid out by George B. Erath when the county was organized in 1856. In the first two years of its settlement, the townsite was successful; by 1858 the population reached 776. However the townsite was located in Comanche territory and raids were common. Also the hardships of the American Civil War forced citizens to leave. The population declined until 1871 when it grew after Stephenville became an agriculture and livestock center. Coal mining also became important to the area in 1886 and was a major source of economy for the following three decades.
Stephenville was incorporated in 1889, with the arrival of the Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway. In the 1890s, many of the buildings around the town square were built, Tarleton State University opened, and the community's two newspapers merged to become the Empire-Tribune, which is still in existence. In the 20th century industry became an important part of Stephenville, and the population has steadily increased since the 1920s.
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Sterling City, Texas
Sterling City is a city in and the county seat of Sterling County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,081 at the 2000 census, but had dropped to 982 by 2009.
On May 25, 1955, twenty-seven United States Air Force personnel, known as the Abbot 27, perished in an airplane crash near Sterling City. The airmen were members of the 40th Bomb Squadron of the 6th Bombardment Wing at Walker Air Force Base in Roswell, New Mexico. A monument in their honor was erected in 2007 at the Tom Green County Courthouse in San Angelo.
Sterling City is where most people in the county live, since becoming the county seat in 1891. W.S. Sterling, Indian fighter and buffalo hunter, was the namesake of the town.
Land for Sterling City was donated in January 1891 by R.C. Stewart, and was platted by H.B. Tarver in February. Before the year end, the town had its own newspaper, a hotel, a post office and several other businesses. Next year, a school was built and Sterling City had 300 citizens in another four.
Sterling City began its reign as home to a portion of the Santa Fe Railroad in 1910, but the service was eventually abandoned. The depot is still available for visitors to see.
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Stinnett, Texas
Stinnett is a small city in Hutchinson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 1,936. Located in the northern Texas Panhandle, Stinnett is the county seat of Hutchinson County.
Stinnett was established in 1901 by A.P. (Ace) Borger, better known as the founder of Borger, a larger community in the county. In 1926, Stinnett replaced Plemons, which later became a ghost town, as the Hutchinson County seat. The courthouse, built in 1927 in the Spanish Renaissance style, was financed from petroleum money. The structure, designed by the architect W.F. Townes, consists of brown brick and cut white stone.
Stinnett is located at 35°49′34″N 101°26′37″W / 35.82611°N 101.44361°W / 35.82611; -101.44361 (35.826231, -101.443617).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,936 people, 765 households, and 554 families residing in the city. The population density was 972.8 people per square mile (375.6/km²). There were 870 housing units at an average density of 437.2 per square mile (168.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.58% White, 0.26% African American, 1.29% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 3.98% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.54% of the population.
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Stratford, Texas
Stratford is a city in Sherman County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,991 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Sherman County. The city is named for Stratford, Virginia, the boyhood home of Robert Edward Lee, the Confederate commanding general.
Stratford is located at 36°20′10″N 102°4′17″W / 36.33611°N 102.07139°W / 36.33611; -102.07139 (36.336158, -102.071451).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.3 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,991 people, 722 households, and 535 families residing in the city. The population density was 980.2 people per square mile (378.7/km²). There were 794 housing units at an average density of 390.9/sq mi (151.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.02% White, 0.30% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 14.41% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.44% of the population.
There were 722 households out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.21.
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Sugar Land, Texas
Sugar Land is a city in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and Fort Bend County. Sugar Land is one of the most affluent and fastest-growing cities in Texas, having grown more than 158 percent in the last decade. In the time period of 2000–2007, Sugar Land also enjoyed a 46.24% job growth.[citation needed] As of the 2010 census, its population was 78,817. In 2011, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the city's population was 84,511, with a median family income of $113,261 and a median home price of $369,600.
Founded as a sugar plantation in the early mid-20th century and incorporated in 1959, Sugar Land is the largest city and economic center of Fort Bend County. The city is the third-largest in population and second-largest in economic activities of the Houston area.
Sugar Land is home to the headquarters of Imperial Sugar and the company's main sugar refinery and distribution center was once located in this city. Recognizing this heritage, the Imperial Sugar crown logo can be seen in the city seal and logo.
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Sweetwater, Texas
Sweetwater is the county seat of Nolan County, Texas, United States. The population was 11,415 at the 2000 census.
Sweetwater received a U.S. post office in 1879. The Texas and Pacific Railway started service in 1881, with the first train arriving on March 12 of that year, beginning Sweetwater's long history as a railroad town. To encourage the railroads, Sweetwater increased its water supply by building a small town lake in 1898, and three larger lakes thereafter. Construction began on the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway in 1903. Sweetwater became a railroad town, with businesses and homes built along the rail line. Rail passenger service was discontinued in 1969.
Gulf Refinery operated there from 1929 to 1954, and at one time the town was a large telegraph center. The International Harvester Company operated a factory in Sweetwater from 1920 to 1950. Gypsum plants, apparel manufacturers, cement plants, cotton compresses, a cottonseed oil mill, and packing companies were among the nearly 250 businesses operating there from the 1970s. Many still operate today. Sweetwater remains a production hub for cotton, oil, and cattle. The population of Sweetwater has remained steady between 11,000 and 13,000 since 1940.
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Tahoka, Texas
Tahoka is a city in and the county seat of Lynn County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,910 at the 2000 census.
Tahoka is located at 33°9′57″N 101°47′58″W / 33.16583°N 101.79944°W / 33.16583; -101.79944 (33.165804, -101.799315).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), of which, 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2) of it is land and 0.42% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,910 people, 1,063 households, and 783 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,213.9 people per square mile (468.1/km²). There were 1,194 housing units at an average density of 498.1 per square mile (192.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.71% White, 5.46% African American, 1.37% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 16.36% from other races, and 1.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44.78% of the population.
There were 1,063 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.22.
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Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Temple, Texas
Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. Located near the county seat of Belton, Temple lies in the region referred to as Central Texas. Located off Interstate 35, Temple is 65 miles north of Austin and 34 miles south of Waco. In the 2010 Census, Temple's population was 66,102, an increase of more than 20 percent from the 2000 census. It is a "principal city" in the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Called the "Wildflower Capital of Texas," Temple was founded in 1881 as a railroad town. It was named in honor of Bernard Moore Temple, a civil engineer and former surveyor with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway Company who established the town. For many years it was the home of the Santa Fe Railway Company's hospital for its employees. Temple is known for its strength as a regional medical center (this is primarily due to the highly respected Scott & White Memorial Hospital). Scott & White is the largest employer in town with about ten thousand employees. With Scott & White, the Veterans' Hospital Center, and other smaller clinics, Temple is home to more physicians per capita than any other community in the nation. Temple is the site of one of two major campuses for the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine. Medical students can elect to spend the full four years of medical education training or just two years of their clinical training on campus.
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Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. It effectively functions as one half of a city which crosses a state line — the other half, the city of Texarkana, Arkansas, lies on the other side of State Line Avenue. The population of the city is 34,782 at the 2000 census.
The city, along with its Arkansas counterpart, forms the core of the Texarkana, Texas–Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas and Miller County, Arkansas.
Texarkana is the headquarters of the theologically conservative American Baptist Association, whose Missionary Baptist churches are most numerous in Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Mississippi.
Railroads were quick to see the possibilities of this vast new territory and, in the late 1850's, the builders of the Cairo and Fulton Railroad were pushing their railhead steadily across Arkansas. By 1874, they had crossed Red River and were at the Texas state line. Between February 16 and March 19, 1874, trains ran between the Texas state boundary and Red River, where passengers and freight were ferried across to Fulton, to continue by rail to their destinations. The Red River Bridge was opened on March 20, 1874, and from that date, trains have run directly from Texarkana to St. Louis.
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Texas
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
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Texas A&M; University
Texas A&M University (often referred to as A&M or TAMU) is a coeducational public research university located in College Station, Texas, United States. It is the flagship institution of the Texas A&M University System. The sixth-largest university in the United States, A&M's enrollment for Fall 2011 was over 50,000 for the first time in school history. Texas A&M's designation as a land, sea, and space grant institution reflects a broad range of research with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. The school ranks in the top 20 American research institutes in terms of funding and has made notable contributions to such fields as animal cloning and petroleum engineering.
The first public institution of higher education in Texas, the school opened on October 4, 1876 as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. Its original mission was to educate white males in farming and military techniques. Under the leadership of President James Earl Rudder, in the 1960s A&M desegregated, became coeducational, and dropped the requirement for participation in the Corps of Cadets. To reflect the institution's expanded roles and academic offerings, the Texas Legislature renamed the school to Texas A&M University in 1963. The letters "A&M", originally short for "Agricultural and Mechanical", are retained only as a link to the university's past. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as "Aggies".
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Texas City, Texas
Texas City is a city in Chambers and Galveston counties in the U.S. state of Texas. Located on the southwest shoreline of Galveston Bay, Texas City is a busy deepwater port on Texas' Gulf Coast, as well as a petroleum refining and petrochemical manufacturing center. The population was 45,099 at the 2010 census. It is a part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is notable as the site of a major explosion in 1947 that demolished the port and nearly destroyed the city.
Three duck hunters in 1891 noted that a location along Galveston Bay, known locally as Shoal Point, had the potential to become a major port. Shoal Point had existed since the 1830s, when veterans of the Texas Revolution were awarded land for their services. The name was applied to the community when a post office opened in 1878. The duck hunters were three brothers from Duluth, Minnesota named Benjamin, Henry and Jacob Myers. After they returned to Duluth, they formed the Myers Brothers syndicate, convinced other investors to put up money to buy 10,000 acres of Galveston Bay Frontage, including Shoal Point. They renamed the area Texas City.
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Texas Coastal Bend
The Texas Coastal Bend refers to the flat area of land along the Texas coast. It is home to many cities including Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Kingsville, Port Lavaca, Galveston, Victoria, Beaumont, and Houston. The Coastal Bend includes the barrier islands of Texas and the Laguna Madre. According to the United States 2000 Census the Texas Coastal Bend had a population of 6,332,801.
The Texas Coastal Bend enjoys a rural, urban, and suburban mix of mainly Bi-Cultural, Hispanic and Anglo traditions. African American and Asian/Pacific Islander population and their cultural traditions are well represented throughout this region as well.
Among the universal features which connects the populations of this region, are the ever present summer threats of severe hurricane winds and flooding affecting these predominantly flat lands areas. As such, the people of these low topography counties threaded by the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, are subject to regular evacuations and keep a keen sense hurricane awareness.
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Texas Panhandle
The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east. The Handbook of Texas defines the southern border of Swisher County to be the southern boundary of the Texas Panhandle region, though some consider the region to extend as far south as Lubbock County., The Texas Panhandle Press Association accepts members in the actual panhandle and a triangle formed by its southern tier, the southeastern border of New Mexico and a diagonal to the beginning, which includes Lubbock County.
Its land area is 66,883.58 km² (25,823.9 sq mi), or nearly 10 percent of the state's total. There is an additional 162.53 km² (62.75 sq mi) of water area. Its population as of the 2010 census was 427,927 residents, or 1.7 percent of the state's total population. As of the 2010 census, this would put the average population density for the region at 16.6 persons/sq mi. The Panhandle is distinct from North Texas, which is more to the southeast.
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Texas Senate
The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing 31 single-member districts across the state with populations of approximately 672,000 per constituency. Texas Senate elections are held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November on the same date as gubernatorial elections and do not coincide with the presidential elections. There are no term limits, and each term is four years long. The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The Republicans currently control the chamber, which is made up of 19 Republicans and 12 Democrats.
The Lieutenant Governor of Texas serves as the President of the Senate. The lieutenant governor's duties include presiding over the Senate, appointing chairs of committees, committee members, assigning and referring bills to specific committees, recognizing members during debate, and making procedural rulings. The lieutenant governor may also cast a vote should a Senate floor vote end in a tie. If the Senate votes to dissolve itself into the Committee of the Whole, in which all members are part of the committee, the President Pro-Tempore resides over the proceedings, with the Lieutenant Governor acting as a regular voting member. Due to the various powers of committee selection and bill assignment, the lieutenant governor is arguably considered more powerful than the Governor of Texas[citation needed], and is considered one of the most powerful lieutenant governorships in the United States.
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The Woodlands, Texas
The Woodlands is a master-planned community and a Census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population of the CDP was 55,649 at the 2000 census—a 90% increase over its 1990 population. According to the 2010 census, The Woodlands' population rose by 68.6% to 93,847 in 2010.
The Woodlands is located 32 miles (51 km) north of Houston along Interstate 45. Though it began as a suburban development and a bedroom community, it also has attracted corporations to the area. As a result, the area features several corporate campuses, most notably Chevron Phillips, Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, Baker Hughes, CB&I, US Oncology, Hewitt Associates, Maersk Line, and Safmarine. The development won a Special Award for Excellence in 1994 from the Urban Land Institute.
The Woodlands was dedicated by George P. Mitchell in 1974, managed by The Woodlands Corporation as an extension of Mitchell Energy & Development.[citation needed] Mitchell, an oil businessperson, planned to establish a conference center, hotels, office parks, retail malls, schools, large distribution centers, and golf courses. The house offerings would range from affordable to expensive and large. Bill Schadewald of the Houston Business Journal said that Mitchell wanted the development to "entice city slickers looking for far-flung suburban quality of life." Schadewald said that local sources stated that the New Town program, a federally funded program, had a "low survival rate" and questioned whether The Woodlands would succeed.
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Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,[needs IPA]known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey
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Throckmorton, Texas
Throckmorton is a town in Throckmorton County, Texas, United States. The population was 828 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Throckmorton County.
Throckmorton is located at 33°10′53″N 99°10′41″W / 33.18139°N 99.17806°W / 33.18139; -99.17806 (33.181399, -99.178173).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.7 square miles (4.4 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2010, there were 828 people, a decrease of 8.51% since 2000 (77 people). There were 477 housing units, with 116 of them vacant. The racial makeup of the town was 93.50% White (774 people), 0.12% African American (1 person), 0.97% Native American (8 people), 0.48% Asian (4 people), 4.11% from other races (34 people), and 0.85% from two or more races (7 people). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.27% of the population (85 people).
As of the census of 2000, there were 905 people, 386 households, and 265 families residing in the town. The population density was 539.4 people per square mile (208.0/km²). There were 477 housing units at an average density of 284.3 per square mile (109.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.50% White (819 people), 0.11% African American (1 person), 0.11% Native American (1 person), 7.29% from other races (66 people), and 1.99% from two or more races (18 people). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.04% of the population (109 people).
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Tiki Island, Texas
Tiki Island is a village in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 968 at the 2010 census.
Tiki Island was incorporated as a village on August 30, 1982. It has a full-time police department and volunteer fire department. Lacking its own post office, mail delivery is the responsibility of the nearby Galveston post office.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2), of which 0.50 square miles (1.3 km2) is land and 0.89 square miles (2.3 km2), or 64.41%, is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,016 people, 482 households, and 349 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,567.7 people per square mile (603.5/km²). There were 746 housing units at an average density of 1,151.1 per square mile (443.1/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 96.26% White, 0.30% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.98% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.98% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.64% of the population.
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Tilden, Texas
Tilden is an unincorporated community in and the county seat of McMullen County, Texas, United States.
Tilden lies at the intersection of State Highways 16 and 72 in the north central part of the county. It is located roughly an hour south of San Antonio.
Located in Tilden is a Boot Hill cemetery. Boot Hill Cemetery, one of the only two authentic cemeteries of its kind in the southwest, was named Boothill because so many of those who were interred there died violently, "with their boots on." Many of the early graves were those of people killed in accidents, murdered, died of cholera during the cholera epidemic in 1869, but some were known to have died of natural causes. The cemetery was established sometime after then known Frio Rio came into existence in 1858. The cemetery is located behind the bank 1/2 a block north of the courthouse plaza on highway 72 and 1/2 block east of State Highway 16 (right across from the new Sheriff's office). In 1877 Boot Hill Cemetery was abandoned in favor of the present Hill Top Cemetery. Boot Hill Cemetery was neglected for more than half a century. During this time the old timers died, the markers deteriorated, fell down, became lost and more and more of the Boothill lore and history went with them. In 1955 when the Cenizo Garden Club was organized they began at once to clean up and restore the cemetery. They cleaned the plots, cleared out the brush, and located as many graves as possible. The grounds were enclosed by a low border of native stone and the Boothill Cemetery Sign with a large boot made of masonry mounted on a huge slab of a petrified palm stump was added to the cemetery grounds. They were also instrumental in obtaining a Historical Marker, which stands at the entrance of the cemetery.
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Tulia, Texas
Tulia is a city in, and county seat of, Swisher County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,117 at the 2000 census; in the 2005 census estimate, it had fallen to 4,714. The city is at the junction of U.S. Route 87 and Texas State Highway 86, approximately two miles east Interstate 27. Tulia is a center for farming and agribusiness activities.
Its site was originally on the acreage of the Tule Ranch division of the JA Ranch. In 1887 a post office was established in James A. Parrish's dugout on Middle Tule Draw nine miles west of what is now the site of Tulia. Evidently the name Tule, after the nearby creek, had been selected for this post office, but at some point a clerk's error changed the name to Tulia. By 1900 Tulia was prospering as a stopping point for freight-wagon traffic en route to the railheads of Colorado City and Amarillo. A booming new era began with the extension of the Santa Fe line to Tulia in December 1906. With it came more settlers. In the mid-1980s local industrial plants manufactured products such as clothing and farm implements, and there were four large cattle-feeding enterprises nearby.
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Tyler, Texas
Tyler is a city in and the county seat of Smith County, Texas, in the United States. It takes its name from President John Tyler [1]. The city had a population of 96,900 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau. Tyler is the principal city of the Tyler Metropolitan Statistical Area, with a population of 209,714 in 2010, and the regional center of the Tyler-Jacksonville combined statistical area, with a population of 260,559 in 2010.
Tyler has the nickname "Rose Capital of the Nation"[2]. It gained this name due to the large quantity of rose bushes processed through the area, along with hosting America's largest rose garden [3].
In 1985, the international Adopt-a-Highway movement originated in Tyler when, after appeals by local Texas Department of Transportation officials, the local Civitan chapter adopted a 2-mile (3-km) stretch of U.S. Highway 69. Tyler is also home to the Caldwell Zoo and Broadway Square Mall.
Tyler is located at 32°20′03″N 95°18′00″W / 32.334249°N 95.299927°W / 32.334249; -95.299927 Elevation: 544 feet (166 m). Tyler is surrounded by many smaller cities including Whitehouse, Lindale, New Chapel Hill, Bullard, Edom, Brownsboro, and Chandler.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Utah
The University of Utah (also referred to as The U, the U of U or Utah) is a public, coeducational research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
As the state's flagship university, Utah offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 90 graduate degree programs. Graduate studies include the S.J. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine, Utah's only medical school. As of 2011, there are 23,371 undergraduate students and 7,448 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 30,819; with 84% coming from Utah and 6% coming from foreign countries. Just over 10% of students live on campus.
The university's athletic teams, the Utes, participate in NCAA Division I athletics (FBS for football) as a member of the Pacific-12 Conference. Its football team has received national attention in recent years for winning the 2005 Fiesta Bowl and the 2009 Sugar Bowl.
The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. It received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900.
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USS Stewart (DE-238)
USS Stewart (DE–238) is an Edsall class destroyer escort, the third United States Navy ship so named. This ship was named for Rear Admiral Charles Stewart (July 28, 1778 – November 6, 1869), who commanded USS Constitution during the War of 1812. The Stewart is one of only two preserved U.S. destroyer escorts and the only surviving example of her class.
The third Stewart (DE-238) was laid down at Houston, Texas, by Brown Shipbuilding on 15 July 1942; launched on 22 November; sponsored by Mrs. William A. Porteos, Jr.; and commissioned on 31 May 1943, Lieutenant Commander B. C. Turner, USNR, in command.
Stewart remained at Houston until 10 June, when she shifted to Galveston. She entered the drydock there on the 14th and exited on the 16th. The following day, she got underway for New Orleans, Louisiana, where she reported for duty to the Commandant of the 8th Naval District and to the Commander, Operational Training Command, Atlantic Fleet (COTCLANT). The destroyer escort departed New Orleans on 22 June to conduct shakedown training in the vicinity of Bermuda; completed it a month later; and sailed for Philadelphia. After six days at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Stewart headed south to Miami, Florida, from whence she operated, conducting patrols and exercises, until 29 October. She put to sea; headed north; and, on the 31st, arrived at Norfolk, Virginia.
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Uvalde, Texas
Uvalde is a city in and the county seat of Uvalde County, Texas, United States. The population was 15,751 at the 2010 census.
Uvalde was founded by Reading Wood Black in 1853 as the town of Encina. In 1856, when the county was organized, the town was renamed Uvalde for Spanish governor Juan de Ugalde and was chosen as county seat. It is usually considered the southern limit of the Texas Hill Country or the most northerly part of South Texas. The town has the only known bottler of cactus juice.
Uvalde was the home of John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner, former Speaker of the House and Vice President of the United States. Actor Matthew McConaughey, actress Dale Evans, former Governor of Texas Dolph Briscoe (for whom the post office is named), were born in Uvalde. The city is also home to the Grammy Award-winning Tejano/Norteño group Los Palominos.
Uvalde is located at 29°12′52″N 99°47′23″W / 29.21444°N 99.78972°W / 29.21444; -99.78972 (29.214313, -99.789644).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.6 square miles (19.8 km2), all of it land.
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Van Horn, Texas
Van Horn is a town in and the county seat of Culberson County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,435 at the 2000 census.
Van Horn is located at 31°2′33″N 104°49′59″W / 31.0425°N 104.83306°W / 31.0425; -104.83306 (31.042489, -104.832928).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), all land.
Eagle Field and Threemile Mountain
Threemile Mountain, note "V" for Van Horn.
Anglo-Texan settlement began in the late 1850s and early 1860s supportive of the San Antonio-El Paso Overland Mail route. Although U.S. Army Major Jefferson Van Horne is believed to have passed near the area in 1849 on his way to take command of what would later become Fort Bliss, the town is instead named for Lt. James Judson Van Horn who commanded an army garrison at the Van Horn Wells beginning in 1859. Lt. Van Horn's command was relatively short-lived as the post was seized by Confederate forces in 1861 and Lt. Van Horn taken prisoner. Settlement was further stimulated by the construction of the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881.
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Vega, Texas
Vega is a city in Oldham County, Texas, United States. It is the county seat of Oldham County . The population was 936 at the 2000 census. A July 1, 2009, U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 896.
In 2005, Vega was the setting for the CMT reality show, Popularity Contest.
It is located west of Amarillo on historic U.S. Route 66.
Vega is located at 35°14′44″N 102°25′30″W / 35.24556°N 102.425°W / 35.24556; -102.425 (35.245547, -102.425112). It is situated at the junction of Interstate 40 (Old Route 66) and U.S. Highway 385 in southern Oldham County, approximately 30 miles west of Amarillo.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2), all of it land.
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Vernon, Texas
Vernon is a city in Wilbarger County, Texas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 11,660; it was 11,077 in the 2005 census estimate. Vernon is the county seat of Wilbarger County.
Vernon is the birthplace of rock and roll singer/musician Roy Orbison and jazz trombonist Jack Teagarden. It is the hometown of fiddle player Eck Robertson. Lawyer Kenneth Starr (special prosecutor of U.S. President Bill Clinton) was born in 1946 in the Lockett community, six miles southwest of Vernon.
Some seven million head of cattle passed through Vernon on the Great Western Trail between 1873 and the 1890s. The trail was located some ninety miles west and parallel to the better-known Chisholm Trail.
On April 10, 1979, Vernon and surrounding Wilbarger County were hit by an F4 tornado. The storm, part of the 1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak, damaged or destroyed a large part of the city and killed 11 people as it passed through Foard County and Wilbarger County before finally dissipating in rural Tillman County, Oklahoma. That same day, tornadoes also devastated the larger, nearby cities of Wichita Falls, Texas and Lawton, Oklahoma.
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Victoria, Texas
Victoria is a city in and the seat of Victoria County, Texas, United States. The population was 60,603 at the 2000 census. The three counties of the Victoria Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 111,163 at the 2000 census,
Victoria is located thirty miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. The city is a regional hub for a seven-county area known as the "Golden Crescent" and serves a retail trade area of over 250,000 people. Victoria is known as "The Crossroads" because of its location within a two-hour drive of Corpus Christi, Houston, San Antonio and Austin.
Victoria is named for General Guadalupe Victoria, who became the first president of independent Mexico. The city is home to the University of Houston–Victoria and Victoria College. Victoria is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria in Texas.
René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, established Fort Saint Louis as a French colony, from 1685 until 1689. It was built on Matagorda Bay near Garcitas Creek, in Victoria, Texas.
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Waco, Texas
Waco (/ˈweɪkoʊ/) is a city in and the county seat of McLennan County, Texas. It is situated along the Brazos River and on the I-35 corridor, halfway between Dallas and Austin. The city had a 2010 population of 124,805, an increase of almost 10 percent since the 2000 census. The Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of just McLennan County, which had a 2010 population of 234,906.
Prior to the founding of Waco in 1849, a Wichita Native American group known as the "Waco" (Spanish: Hueco or Huaco) lived on the land of present-day downtown Waco. In 1824 Thomas M. Duke explored the area and reported to Stephen F. Austin describing the village: "This town is situated on the West Bank of the River. They have a spring almost as cold as ice itself. All we want is some Brandy and Sugar to have Ice Toddy. They have about 400 acres (1.6 km2) planted in corn, beans, pumpkins, and melons and that tended in good order. I think they cannot raise more than One Hundred Warriors." After Austin aborted the first attempt to destroy their village in 1825, he made a treaty with them. The Waco eventually moved out of the region, settling north near present-day Fort Worth. In 1872 they joined other Wichita tribes on a reservation in Oklahoma. In 1902 the Waco received allotments of land and became official US citizens.
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Waller County, Texas
Waller County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 43,205. Its county seat is Hempstead. The county was named for Virginia native Edwin Waller, the first mayor of Austin and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 518 square miles (1,340 km2), of which 514 square miles (1,330 km2) is land and 4 square miles (10 km2) (0.94%) is water.
See List of Highways in Waller County for more roadways in Waller County.
As of the 2000 Census, there were 32,663 people, 10,557 households, and 7,748 families residing in the county. The population density was 64 people per square mile (25/km²). There were 11,955 housing units at an average density of 23 per square mile (9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 57.83% White, 29.25% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 10.28% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. 19.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Waxahachie, Texas
Waxahachie /ˌwɒksəˈhætʃi/ is a city in Ellis County, Texas, United States, and a southern suburb of Dallas. The population was 29,621 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Ellis County.
Waxahachie was the birthplace of Tom Blasingame, considered the oldest cowboy in the history of the American West, R&B singer Tevin Campbell, Bill Ham (manager for ZZ Top), Byron Nelson, a professional golf legend and Academy Award winning director Robert Benton, who made his 1984 film " Places in the Heart" in his hometown. It was said that Edward (Chief Wahoo) McDaniel was from Waxahachie, but he was born in Bernice, Oklahoma.
In 1988 the area around Waxahachie was chosen as the site for the Superconducting Super Collider, which was to be the world's largest and most energetic particle accelerator, with a planned ring circumference of 87.1 kilometers (54.1 mi). Seventeen shafts were sunk and 23.5 km (14.6 mi) of tunnel were bored before the project was cancelled by Congress in 1993.
The town is also the namesake of the former United States Naval ship USS Waxahachie (YTB-814).
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Weatherford, Texas
Weatherford is a city in Parker County, Texas, United States, and a western suburb of Fort Worth. The population was 25,250 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Parker County and is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.
Weatherford is located 25 miles (40 km) west of Fort Worth on Interstate 20. It is the county seat for Parker County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.7 square miles (59 km2), of which, 20.9 square miles (54 km2) of it is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of it (7.86%) is water.
The 2008 census for the population of the City of Weatherford, Texas is 26,686 with a population density of 1,175.59 people per square mile. The population grew by 40.5% from 2000 to 2008. The racial makeup of the city in 2008 is 85.50% White, 10.20% Hispanic, 2.10% Black, 1.30% American Indian, 0.70% Asian, 4.10% other. Weatherford's average household size is 2.5.
The average income per household was $50,924, in the year 2007. The estimated 2007 city capita was $26,380.
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Wellington, Texas
Wellington is a city in Collingsworth County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,275 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Collingsworth County.
Wellington is located at 34°51′17″N 100°12′49″W / 34.85472°N 100.21361°W / 34.85472; -100.21361 (34.854616, -100.213626).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2), all of it land.
Sometime in 1889 or 1890, as smaller ranches and farmlands were being purchased, Ernest Theodore O’Neil, his brother-in-law John Simon McConnell and John W. Swearingen, together, had purchased the land which upon which the town currently sits for $5.00 per acre. Subsequently, O’Neil, who originally owned a fourth of the section of the township, purchased the interests of John McConnell and John Swearingen, and retained sole ownership of the land. The 1890 census showed 357 inhabitants across the county, with 89 ranches and farms and 335 acres (1.36 km2) of land in cultivation. In August, 1890, a petition was circulated to organize the county, choose a county seat, and elect county officers. Two potential townships were proposed: Wellington and Pearl. The proposed town of Wellington was located on the land owned by Ernest T. O’Neil who was promoting this location, and had been given its proposed name by his wife, Matilda Anna Elisabeth “Lizzie” O’Neil, who greatly admired the Duke of Wellington, hero of the Battle of Waterloo. The alternate and proposed town of Pearl was located several miles north of Wellington.
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Wharton, Texas
Wharton is a city in Wharton County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,237 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wharton County and is located on the Colorado River of Texas just south of U.S. Highway 59.
Wharton is located at 29°19′1″N 96°5′49″W / 29.31694°N 96.09694°W / 29.31694; -96.09694 (29.316939, -96.097065).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.2 square miles (18.8 km²), of which, 7.2 square miles (18.7 km²) of it is land and 0.14% is water.
The Colorado River as it flows through Wharton
Riverfront Park in Wharton
Downtown Wharton across from the Wharton County Courthouse
Restored Plaza Theater in Wharton
Wharton County Historical Museum contains exhibits on Dan Rather and Medal of Honor winner Roy Benavidez as well as a collection of stuffed big-game animals.
Tiger exhibit at Wharton County Historical Museum
Administration building at Wharton County Junior College
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,237 people, 3,539 households, and 2,268 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,278.3 people per square mile (493.3/km²). There were 4,000 housing units at an average density of 553.6 per square mile (213.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.33% White, 26.43% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 14.18% from other races, and 1.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.08% of the population.
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Wheeler, Texas
Wheeler is a city in Wheeler County, Texas, United States, situated on the eastern edge of the Texas Panhandle. Both the city and the county are named for Royal Tyler Wheeler, a chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court. The population was 1,378 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wheeler County.
Wheeler is located at 35°26′33″N 100°16′27″W / 35.4425°N 100.27417°W / 35.4425; -100.27417 (35.442424, -100.274068). The city is three miles northwest of the center of the county and is 100 miles east of Amarillo and 12 miles west of the Texas-Oklahoma line.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Wheeler has a total area of 1.5 square miles (4.0 km²), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,378 people, 520 households, and 365 families residing in the city. The population density was 900.4 people per square mile (347.7/km²). There were 612 housing units at an average density of 399.9 per square mile (154.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.05% White, 1.81% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 10.60% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.07% of the population.
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Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. Wichita Falls is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay and Wichita counties. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 104,553. In addition to Sheppard Air Force Base, Wichita Falls is also home to the "world's littlest skyscraper".
The Choctaw Indians settled the area in the early 18th century. White settlers arrived in the 1860s to form cattle ranches. The city of Wichita Falls was officially born on September 27, 1872. On that day, a sale of town lots was held at what is now the corner of Seventh and Ohio streets — the birthplace of the city. The Fort Worth and Denver Railway arrived in 1882, the same year the city became the county seat of Wichita County, Texas. The city grew westwards from the train depot. This area is now referred to as the Depot Square Historic District, which has been declared a Texas Historic Landmark.
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Woodville, Texas
Woodville is a town in Tyler County, Texas, United States. The town is intersected by three U.S. highways: U.S. Highway 69, U.S. Highway 190, and U.S. Highway 287. The population was 2,415 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Tyler County. The town was named after George Tyler Wood, governor of Texas from 1847-1849.
Woodville is located at 30°46′34″N 94°25′16″W / 30.776246°N 94.421243°W / 30.776246; -94.421243 (30.776246, -94.421243).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,415 people, 990 households, and 591 families residing in the town. The population density was 766.2 people per square mile (296.0/km2). There were 1,264 housing units at an average density of 401.0 per square mile (154.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 65.34% White, 31.80% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.75% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.45% of the population.
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Zapata, Texas
Zapata is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Zapata County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,089 at the 2010 census. As an unincorporated community, Zapata has no municipal government but like all 254 Texas counties has four elected county commissioners chosen by single-member districts and a countywide elected administrative judge.
Zapata was named for Colonel Jose Antonio de Zapata, the revolutionary commander who served in the cavalry of the Republic of the Rio Grande, of which the town was a part.
Zapata is located at 26°54′22″N 99°16′12″W / 26.90611°N 99.27°W / 26.90611; -99.27 (26.906244, -99.270007).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.7 square miles (20.0 km²), all of it land.
The city is about 1/2 miles southwest Falcon International Reservoir which is at the center of multiple, fishing events throughout the year
The city also served by a number of parks, most notably, Romeo Flores Park.
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,089 people, 4,328 households, and 1,265 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 629.9 people per square mile (243.2/km²). There were 2,239 housing units at an average density of 290.4 per square mile (112.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.38% White, 0.02% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 6.82% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 94.99% of the population.
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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.
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African-American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.
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Akokisa
The Akokisa were the indigenous tribe that lived on Galveston Bay and the lower Trinity and San Jacinto rivers in Texas, primarily in the present-day Greater Houston area. They are regarded as a band of the Atakapa Indians, closely related to the Atakapa of Lake Charles, Louisiana.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca wrote about the Akosisa in 1528, calling them the "Han." An early reported encounter with the Akokisa by a European person was in 1719 when Simars de Bellisle, a French officer, was held captive by the Akokisa until 1721. His account of his captivity provides some information about Akokisa culture.
John Sibley in 1805 reported that they previously lived near Matagorda Bay on the west bank of the Colorado River (Texas) in ancient times.
Around the 1750s the Akokisa were divided into five village groups. Some Akokisa people entered the San Ildefonso Mission in 1748-9 but left in 1755. That mission was abandoned and replaced by Nuestra Señora de la Luz Mission, built in 1756-57 on the Trinity River, to serve the Akokisa and Bidais tribes.
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 [O.S. January 6, 1705] – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania.
Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical and democratic values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat." To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become."
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Bernardo de Gálvez
Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez (July 23, 1746 – November 30, 1786) was a Spanish military leader and colonial administrator who served as colonial governor of Louisiana and Cuba, and later as Viceroy of New Spain.
Gálvez aided the American Thirteen Colonies in their quest for independence and led Spanish forces against Britain in the Revolutionary War, defeating the British at the Siege of Pensacola (1781) and reconquering Florida for Spain. He spent the last two years of his life as Viceroy of New Spain, succeeding his father Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo. The city of Galveston, Texas was named for him.
Gálvez was born in Macharaviaya, a mountain village in the province of Málaga, Spain, on July 23, 1746. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the Spanish invasion of Portugal, which soon stalled after the Spanish had captured Almeida. During the conflict he was promoted to Lieutenant. He arrived in New Spain, then Mexico, in 1762. As a captain, he fought the Apaches, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In 1770, he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain, comprising even New Mexico.
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Cabeza de Vaca
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Jerez de la Frontera, ca. 1488/1490 – Seville, ca. 1557/1558) was a Spanish explorer of the New World, one of four survivors of the Narváez expedition. He is remembered as a proto-anthropologist for his detailed accounts of the many tribes of American Indians, first published in 1542 as La Relación (The Report), and later known as Naufragios (Shipwrecks).
Cabeza de Vaca was born around 1490 into a hidalgo family, and as such was a member of the Spanish nobility without economic resources. Cabeza de Vaca was the son of Teresa Cabeza de Vaca y de Zurita. In 16th-century documents, his name appeared as "Alvar nuñez cabeza de vaca". Cabeza de Vaca means "head of cow". This surname was granted to his mother's family in the 13th century, when his ancestor Martín Alhaja aided a Christian army attacking Moors by leaving a cow's head to point out a small secret mountain pass for their use. (In the prologue to La Relación, his account of his shipwreck and travels in North America, Cabeza de Vaca refers to his forefather's service to the King, and regrets that his own deeds could not be as great. as he thought
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens ( /ˈtʃɑrlz ˈdɪkɪnz/; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic who is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and the creator of some of the world's most memorable fictional characters. During his lifetime Dickens' works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, but it was in the twentieth century that his literary genius was fully recognized by critics and scholars. His novels and short stories continue to enjoy an enduring popularity among the general reading public.
Born in Portsmouth, England, Dickens left school to work in a factory after his father was thrown into debtors' prison. Though he had little formal education, his early impoverishment drove him to succeed. He edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels and hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms.
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Craig Eiland
Allen Craig Eiland (born April 4, 1962) is a Democratic member and former Speaker pro Tempore of the Texas House of Representatives. Eiland represents Texas House district 23, which includes Galveston, Jamaica Beach, Texas City and the Bolivar Peninsula in Galveston County and all of Chambers County. Prior to redistricting in 2003, Eiland represented House District 24, which roughly covered all of Galveston County west of Interstate 45.
Eiland was first elected to the House in 1994. For eight years he served on the Insurance and Appropriations committees, including four years as Vice Chair of the Insurance Committee and two years as Chair of the House Pensions and Investments Committee.
In 2009, Speaker Joe Straus named Eiland Speaker Pro-tempore of the House of Representatives, a job which entails leading the house in Speaker Straus' absence. Eiland was also named to the powerful House Appropriations committee and the Insurance committee. In 2011 Beverly Woolley of Houston was chosen to replace Eiland after Republicans captured a super majority of seats (101 out of 150) in the 2010 elections.
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David G. Burnet
David Gouverneur Burnet (April 14, 1788 – December 5, 1870) was an early politician within the Republic of Texas, serving as interim President of Texas (1836 and again in 1841), second Vice President of the Republic of Texas (1839–41), and Secretary of State (1846) for the new state of Texas after it was annexed to the United States of America.
Burnet was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended law school in Cincinnati, Ohio. As a young man, he lived with a Comanche tribe for a year before returning to Ohio. In 1826, he moved to Stephen F. Austin's colony in Mexican Texas. He received a land grant as an empresario but was forced to sell the land after failing to attract enough settlers to his colony, and later lost his right to operate a sawmill after he refused to convert to Roman Catholicism.
On hearing of William Barret Travis's plea for help at the Alamo, Burnet traveled to Washington-on-the-Brazos to recruit help from the Convention of 1836. He remained at the convention and was elected interim president on March 17, 1836. On his orders, the government fled Washington-on-the-Brazos for Harrisburg, thus inspiring the Runaway Scrape. Burnet narrowly avoided capture by Mexican troops the following month. After Sam Houston's victory at the Battle of San Jacinto, Burnet took custody of Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna and negotiated the Treaties of Velasco. Many Texians were infuriated that the treaty allowed Santa Anna to escape execution, and some people called for Burnet's arrest for treason. Burnet declined to run for president and resigned as interim president on October 22, 1836.
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Deborah Read
Deborah Read Franklin (February 14, 1708 – December 19, 1774) was the spouse of Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, and a prominent inventor, printer, thinker, and revolutionary.
Franklin proposed to fifteen-year-old Read in 1724 when he was seventeen years old, but her mother would not consent to the marriage, citing Franklin's pending trip to England and financial instability. While Franklin was away in England, having been stranded there by Sir William Keith's failure to follow through on promises of support, Read married John Rogers, who fled soon after. Because of this, Benjamin and Deborah were not free to marry formally. John Rogers disappeared into history, after spending Deborah's dowry, incurring much debt, and using the marriage to further his own schemes.
When Franklin returned, he and Deborah began a common-law marriage in 1730. They had two children together: Francis Folger Franklin (October 20, 1732 - November 21, 1736), who died of smallpox at age four, and Sarah Franklin Bache (September 11, 1743 – October 5, 1808), called Sally. Together they also raised William Franklin, Franklin's illegitimate son and future Colonial Governor of New Jersey.
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Douglas Corrigan
Douglas Corrigan (January 22, 1907 – December 9, 1995) was an American aviator born in Galveston, Texas. He was nicknamed "Wrong Way" in 1938. After a transcontinental flight from Long Beach, California, to New York, he flew from Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, to Ireland, though his flight plan was filed to return to Long Beach. He claimed his unauthorized flight was due to a navigational error, caused by heavy cloud cover that obscured landmarks and low-light conditions, causing him to misread his compass. However, he was a skilled aircraft mechanic (he was one of the builders of Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis) and had made several modifications to his own plane, preparing it for his transatlantic flight. He had been denied permission to make a nonstop flight from New York to Ireland, and his "navigational error" was seen as deliberate. Nevertheless, he never publicly admitted to having flown to Ireland intentionally.
The son of a construction engineer and a teacher, he was named Clyde Groce Corrigan after his father, but legally adopted the name Douglas as an adult. The family moved often, until his parents finally divorced and shared custody of their children. Corrigan finally settled with his mother, brother Harry, and sister Evelyn in Los Angeles. Quitting high school, he went to work in construction.
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Erik Larson (author)
Erik Larson (born January 3, 1954) is an American author.
Larson grew up in Freeport, Long Island, New York.
He studied Russian history at the University of Pennsylvania and graduated summa cum laude in 1976. After a year off, he attended the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, graduating in 1978.
Larson's first newspaper job was with The Bucks County Courier Times in Levittown, Pennsylvania, where he wrote about murder, witches, environmental poisons, and other "equally pleasant" things. He later became a features writer for The Wall Street Journal and Time magazine, where he is still a contributing writer. His magazine stories have appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, Harper's, and other publications.
Larson has also written a number of books, beginning in 1992 with The Naked Consumer: How Our Private Lives Become Public Commodities (1992), followed in 1995 by Lethal Passage: The Story of a Gun (1995). Larson's next books include Isaac's Storm (1999), about the experiences of Isaac Cline during the Galveston Hurricane of 1900; and The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic and Madness at the Fair That Changed America (2003), about the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago and a series of murders by H. H. Holmes that were committed in the city around the time of the Fair. The Devil in the White City won the 2004 Edgar Award in the Best Fact Crime category. In 2006, Larson published Thunderstruck, which intersperses the story of Hawley Harvey Crippen with that of Guglielmo Marconi and the invention of radio. His most recent book, In The Garden of Beasts: Love, Terror, and An American Family in Hitler's Berlin (2011), concerns William E. Dodd, the first American ambassador to Nazi Germany.
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George P. Mitchell
George Phydias Mitchell (born 1919) is an American businessman, real estate developer and philanthropist from Texas credited with pioneering the economic extraction of shale gas.
Mitchell was born to Greek immigrant parents in the port city of Galveston, Texas. Mitchell earned a degree from Texas A&M University, graduating first in his class in petroleum engineering. He started an independent oil and gas company, Mitchell Energy & Development Corp. and built it into a Fortune 500 company. He participated in the development of about 10,000 wells, including more than 1000 wildcat wells.
In the 1980s and 1990s the company pioneered new technology[clarification needed] for horizontal drilling of natural gas. This technique, combined with hydraulic fracturing of rock, makes it possible to economically extract natural gas from shale rock formations. The new approach has been widely adopted by the gas industry and spawned a new gas boom in North America. The Potential Gas Committee estimates that U.S. recoverable reserves will last 118 years at current production levels. Extracting natural gas from shale rock is rapidly spreading to countries outside the United States. Some consider Mitchell's innovation important in the context of energy security, making the United States less dependent on foreign sources of energy. Mitchell Energy & Development Corp. was later acquired by Devon Energy.
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Henry Cohen (rabbi)
Henry Cohen (April 7, 1863 – June 12, 1952) was a Jewish Texan rabbi who served Congregation B'nai Israel in Galveston, Texas from 1888 to 1952.
Henry Cohen is also known for saving a Greek Catholic from deportation and banishing Shakespeare’s Shylock from the Galveston public schools. In 1928 Congregation B'nai Israel decided to add a new facility and name it the Henry Cohen Community House.
Cohen played an integral role as a founder of the Galveston Movement. The Galveston Movement operated between 1907 and 1914 to divert Jews fleeing Russia and eastern Europe away from crowded East Coast cities. Ten thousand Jewish immigrants passed through Galveston, Texas during this era, approximately one-third the number who migrated to Palestine during the same period. Cohen personally petitioned President William Howard Taft for an immigrant.
The Handbook of Texas states that, "The formal preservation of the history of Texas Jewry goes back to Rabbi Henry Cohen of Galveston and David Lefkowitz of Dallas, who set out to interview as many early settlers and their families as possible. They produced a historical account for the Texas Centennial in 1936."
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Henry Martyn Robert
Henry Martyn Robert (May 2, 1837 – May 11, 1923) was the author of Robert's Rules of Order, which became the most widely used manual of parliamentary procedure and remains today the most common parliamentary authority in the United States.
Robert was born in Robertville, South Carolina, and raised in Ohio, where his father moved the family because of his strong opposition to slavery. Robert's father, Reverend Joseph Thomas Robert, later became the first president of Morehouse College where there is a dormitory on the campus named after him. Robert was nominated to West Point from Ohio, and graduated fourth in his class in 1857. He became a military engineer.
Under command of Silas Casey during the Pig War he built the fortifications on San Juan Island. In the American Civil War, he was assigned to the Corps of Engineers and worked on the defenses of Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and several New England ports.
Robert served as Engineer of the Army's Division of the Pacific from 1867 to 1871. He then spent two years improving rivers in Oregon and Washington and six years developing the harbors of Green Bay and other northern Wisconsin and Michigan ports. He subsequently improved the harbors of Oswego, New York, Philadelphia, and Long Island Sound and constructed locks and dams on the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers. As Southwest Division Engineer from 1897 to 1901, Robert studied how to deepen the Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River.
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Isaac H. Kempner
Isaac H. Kempner, 1873 - August 1, 1967, was the founder of the Imperial Sugar Corporation and mayor of Galveston, Texas.
Kempner was born in 1873 in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father was a Polish Jewish immigrant and his mother was of the German Jewish Seinsheimer family from Cincinnati. He was the eldest of 8 surviving children. He studied at Washington and Lee University, but left just before graduation when his father died in 1894, and he returned to his family home in Galveston, Texas to assume control of the family business and care for his mother and 7 siblings that were as young as 2 years old at the time. He married in 1902 to Henrietta Blum. They had 5 children together.
In 1905, Kempner and fellow Galveston businessman William Lewis Moody, Jr., established the American National Insurance Company; However, by 1908, Kempner had sold his shares in the insurance company and with his family members, and a partner, William T. Eldridge, purchased a sugar plantation and mill in the area that would become the company town of Sugar Land. Over the following years, they acquired additional assets and controlled the majority of the sugar industry in Texas. These holdings were incorporated into the Imperial Sugar Company in 1924. After Eldridge died, Kempner and his siblings acquired his partner's interest in the business. In addition to his sugar and cotton holdings, Kempner was also involved in real estate and insurance businesses and, along with his siblings, held ownership in the United States National Bank in Galveston.
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Isaac's Storm
Isaac Monroe Cline (October 13, 1861 – August 3, 1955) was the chief meteorologist at the Galveston, Texas office of the US Weather Bureau from 1889 to 1901. In that role, he became an integral figure in the devastating Galveston Hurricane of 1900.
Cline was born near Madisonville, Tennessee on October 13, 1861, to Jacob and Mary Cline. Cline attended Hiwassee College, then in 1882, joined the meteorology training program of the U.S. Army Signal Corps. Cline was first assigned to Little Rock, Arkansas, where he earned a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Arkansas in his spare time. He was then assigned to Fort Concho, then to Abilene, Texas where he met Cora May Bellew, whom he married.
In March 1889, a Texas section of the Weather Bureau was being established, and Cline was sent to Galveston to organize and oversee it. Cline stayed with the office when it became part of the U.S. Weather Bureau in the 1891 transfer from the Signal Corps to the Department of Agriculture. In 1892, Isaac's younger brother, Joseph Cline, also began work as a meteorologist at the Galveston Weather Bureau.
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Jack Johnson (boxer)
John Arthur ("Jack") Johnson (March 31, 1878 – June 10, 1946), nicknamed the “Galveston Giant,” was an American boxer. At the height of the Jim Crow era, Johnson became the first African American world heavyweight boxing champion (1908–1915). In a documentary about his life, Ken Burns notes, "for more than thirteen years, Jack Johnson was the most famous and the most notorious African-American on Earth." He is considered a boxing legend and was the first person ever to knock down James J. Jeffries in a professional boxing bout. Their fight is to this day considered a seminal moment in boxing history.
Johnson was born in Galveston, Texas, the second child and first son of Henry and Tina "Tiny" Johnson, former slaves who worked at blue-collar jobs to raise six children and taught them how to read and write. Henry Johnson traced his ancestry back to the Coromantees who came from modern-day Ghana. Johnson dropped out of school after just five or six years of education to get a job as a dock worker in Galveston.
wn.com/Jack_Johnson_(boxer) -
Jean Lafitte
Jean Lafitte (ca. 1776 – ca. 1823) was a French pirate and privateer in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. He and his elder brother, Pierre, spelled their last name Laffite, but English-language documents of the time used "Lafitte", and this is the commonly seen spelling in the United States, including for places named for him.
Lafitte is believed to have been born either in France or the French colony of Saint-Domingue. By 1805, he operated a warehouse in New Orleans to help disperse the goods smuggled by his brother Pierre Lafitte. After the United States government passed the Embargo Act of 1807, the Lafittes moved their operations to an island in Barataria Bay. By 1810, their new port was very successful; the Lafittes pursued a successful smuggling operation and also started to engage in piracy.
Though Lafitte tried to warn Barataria of a British attack, the American authorities successfully invaded in 1814 and captured most of Lafitte's fleet. In return for a pardon, Lafitte helped General Andrew Jackson defend New Orleans against the British in 1815. The Lafittes then became spies for the Spanish and moved to Galveston Island, which they called Campeche, where they developed the colony.
wn.com/Jean_Lafitte -
John B. Magruder
John Bankhead Magruder (May 1, 1807 – February 19, 1871) was a career military officer who served in the armies of three nations. He was a U.S. Army officer in the Mexican-American War, a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and a postbellum general in the Imperial Mexican Army. Known as "Prince John" to his army friends, Magruder was most noted for his actions in delaying Federal troops during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign through elaborate ruses that gave Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan the impression that the Confederates had more forces than in actuality, and in successfully defending Galveston, Texas, against the Union Army and Navy early in 1863.
Magruder was born in Port Royal, Virginia. He first attended the University of Virginia, where, as a student, he had the opportunity to dine with former President Thomas Jefferson. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1830, where he was the roommate of William N. Pendleton. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 7th U.S. Infantry regiment. He was later assigned to the 1st U.S. Artillery.
wn.com/John_B._Magruder -
John H. Murphy
John Hulen Murphy, I (February 23, 1913 - September 29, 2007), a newspaperman for seventy-four years, was the longtime executive vice president of the Texas Daily Newspaper Association and the former assistant to the late Richard J.V. Johnson, the president and publisher of the Houston Chronicle.
Jack Sweeney, Johnson's successor as president and publisher of The Chronicle, declared Murphy "a true newspaper professional, having dedicated the bulk of his professional life to the industry in Texas." Under Murphy's leadership, TDNA increased its membership from thirty-one to ninety-eight newspapers, the largest such organization in any state. Murphy also was a director of the Houston Reading, Education, and Development Commission, a literacy program.
Murphy was born in Galveston to Joseph Elmer Murphy and the former Linnie Lovejoy. On his mother's side, he was descended from settlers who arrived in Texas not long before the Texas Revolution of 1836. As a student at Galveston's Ball High School, Murphy was torn between his affection for baseball and journalism. His work as a sportswriter for the Purple Quill school magazine attracted the eye of Jack Glenn, the sports editor of The Galveston Daily News. After his graduation, he went to work for the Galveston paper for a salary of $5 per week. He had worked free of charge while he was in high school in order to gain experience.
wn.com/John_H._Murphy -
Jonathan Pollard
Jonathan Jay Pollard (born August 7, 1954, Galveston, Texas) worked as an American civilian intelligence analyst before being convicted of spying for Israel. He received a life sentence in 1987.
Israel granted Pollard citizenship in 1995, but denied until 1998 that it had bought classified information from him. Israeli activist groups, as well as high-profile Israeli politicians, have lobbied for his release. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has voiced particularly strong support for Pollard, visiting the convicted spy in prison in 2002. His case was later linked to that of Ben-ami Kadish, another U.S. national who pleaded guilty to charges of passing classified information to Israel in the same period. He renounced his United States citizenship and is now solely an Israeli citizen. He would be deported to Israel if he were released from prison.
Jonathan Jay Pollard was born in 1954 to a Jewish family, the youngest of three siblings. In 1964 his family moved from Texas to South Bend, Indiana, where his father, an award-winning microbiologist, taught at Notre Dame.
wn.com/Jonathan_Pollard -
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Kay Bailey Hutchison (born Kathryn Ann Bailey; July 22, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Texas. She is a member of the Republican Party. In 2001, she was named one of the thirty most powerful women in America by Ladies Home Journal. The first woman to represent Texas in the U.S. Senate, Hutchison also became the first Texas U.S. senator to receive more than four million votes in a single election.
Hutchison is the most senior female Republican senator, and fifth most senior female senator, having assumed office in June 1993 behind Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-MD, 1987), Dianne Feinstein (D-CA, 1992), Barbara Boxer (D-CA, Jan. 1993), and Patty Murray (D-WA, Jan. 1993).
Hutchison was born Kathryn Ann Bailey in Galveston, the daughter of Kathryn Ella (née Sharp) and Allan Abner Bailey, Jr., an insurance agent. She has two brothers, Allan and Frank. Hutchison grew up in La Marque, Texas.
She married her first husband, John Pierce Parks, a medical student, on April 8, 1967; they divorced in 1969. She married her present (second) husband, Ray Hutchison, in Dallas on March 16, 1978. They have two adopted children: Kathryn Bailey and Houston Taylor, both adopted in 2001. She also has two stepdaughters, Brenda and Julie, from her husband's previous marriage. Ray Hutchison is a former member of the Texas Legislature, a former state Republican chairman, and ran an unsuccessful bid for the Texas governorship, having lost the Republican nomination in 1978 to Bill Clements, a senior partner with the law firm of Vinson & Elkins, of Dallas.
wn.com/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison -
King Vidor
King Wallis Vidor (February 8, 1894 – November 1, 1982) was an American film director, film producer, and screenwriter whose career spanned nearly seven decades. In 1979 he was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his "incomparable achievements as a cinematic creator and innovator." He was nominated five times for a Best Director Oscar, and won eight international film awards during his career.
He was born in Galveston, Texas, where he survived the great Galveston Hurricane of 1900. His grandfather, Charles Vidor, was a refugee of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 who settled in Galveston in the early 1850s.
A freelance newsreel cameraman and cinema projectionist, Vidor made his debut as a director in 1913 with The Grand Military Parade. In Hollywood from 1915, he worked as a screenwriter and as director of a series of six short juvenile-delinquency films for Judge Willis Brown before directing his first feature, The Turn in the Road, in 1919. A successful mounting of Peg o' My Heart in 1922 got him a long term contract with Goldwyn Studios, later to be absorbed into MGM. Three years later he made The Big Parade, among the most acclaimed war films of the silent era, and a tremendous commercial success. This success established him as one of MGM's top studio directors for the next decade. In 1928, Vidor received his first Oscar nomination, for The Crowd, widely regarded as his masterpiece and one of the greatest American silent films. In the same year, he made the classic Show People, the last silent film of Marion Davies, a comedy about the film industry in which Vidor had a cameo as himself and his much-loved screwball comedy The Patsy.
wn.com/King_Vidor -
Leon Jaworski
Leonidas "Leon" Jaworski (September 19, 1905 – December 9, 1982) was the second Special Prosecutor during the Watergate Scandal. Jaworski was appointed to that position on November 1, 1973, soon after the Saturday Night Massacre of October 19 and October 20, 1973 that resulted in the dismissal of special prosecutor Archibald Cox.
Jaworski was born in Waco, Texas, a child of German-speaking parents; his mother, Marie (née Mira), was an Austrian immigrant, and his father, Joseph Jaworski, was a Polish immigrant who was an Evangelical minister. He was named after ancient Spartan king Leonidas, and had a brother named Hannibal. An earnest student who studied at night by the light of oil lamps, he was a champion debater at Waco High School, and graduated from Baylor Law School and received his master's degree in law at The George Washington University Law School. In 1925 he became the youngest person ever admitted to the Texas bar. After starting out defending bootleggers during Prohibition, in 1931 he joined the Houston law firm that became Fulbright & Jaworski, one of the largest law firms in the United States.
wn.com/Leon_Jaworski -
Louis-Michel Aury
Louis-Michel Aury was a French Corsair operating in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean during the early 19th century.
Aury was born in Paris, France, in about 1788. He served in the French Navy, but from 1802 served in privateer ships. By 1810 he had accumulated enough prize money to become the master of his own vessel.
He decided to support the Spanish colonies of South America in their fight for independence from Spain. In April 1813 he sailed from North Carolina on his own privateer ship with Venezuelan letters-of-marque to attack Spanish ships. He was then commissioned as a commodore in the navy of New Granada (Colombia), and at great personal expense, in December 1815 ran the Spanish blockade and evacuated hundreds of people in his vessels from the besieged fortress city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) to Haiti. In spite of his success in this dangerous exploit he argued with Simón Bolívar, leader of the Latin American revolutionaries, over payment for his services.
Aury subsequently accepted an appointment as resident commissioner of Galveston Island, Texas, made by José Manuel de Herrera, an envoy from the fledgling Republic of Mexico, who had declared Galveston a port of the Republic. Aury established a privateering base there in September 1816.
wn.com/Louis-Michel_Aury -
Lyda Ann Thomas
Lyda Ann Thomas is the former mayor of Galveston, Texas, United States. She was first elected in 2004 to succeed Roger "Bo" Quiroga. Thomas was the third female mayor of Galveston.
Thomas attended The Hockaday School in Dallas, Texas. Thomas ran for District 4 for the Galveston City Council in 1998. She won both permitted elections after that until term-limited out. In 2004 she ran for, and was elected, Mayor of Galveston. Thomas proceeded to serve three terms as mayor, and stepped down in 2010 after reaching her a city-imposed term-limit.
On September 20, 2005 during Hurricane Rita, Thomas declared a state of emergency and ordered an evacuation effective 6 PM the following day. When added to the panicked flight from Houston, this exacerbated the congestion in the area. She was however praised for her caution, receiving the 2007 National Blueprint Best Practices Award from the National Council on Readiness & Preparedness.
On August 4, 2008 when Tropical Storm Edouard came ashore, Thomas limited her statements to a warning.
wn.com/Lyda_Ann_Thomas -
Martin V. Melosi
Martin Victor Melosi (born 1947) is Hugh Roy and Lillie Cranz Cullen University Professor and the director of the Center for Public History at the University of Houston in Houston, Texas. His research specialty is environmental and urban history. Prior to his tenure at the University of Houston, Melosi was a member of the history faculty of Texas A&M University in College Station.
A native of San Jose, California, Melosi holds Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from the University of Montana at Missoula, Montana. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin.
In addition to environmental and urban history, Melosi also specializes in recent United States and diplomatic history. He teaches courses entitled "Environmental Politics in the United States," "The History of the American City," "The City, Technology, and the Environment," "Energy and Environment in Industrial Ameria," "Atomic Age America," Historiography, "Readings in Public History," and "Research in Public History".
wn.com/Martin_V._Melosi -
Norris Wright Cuney
Norris Wright Cuney, or simply Wright Cuney, (May 12, 1846 – March 3, 1898) was an American politician, union leader, and African American activist in Texas in the United States. He became active in Galveston politics serving as an alderman and a national Republican delegate. Cuney was a member of the Union League and helped to unionize black workers in Galveston substantially improving employment opportunities and educational opportunities for blacks in the city. He eventually rose to the chairmanship of the Texas Republican Party and became a national committeeman.
Cuney is regarded by many as the most important black leader in Texas in the 19th century and one of the most important in the United States.
Norris Wright Cuney was born on May 12, 1846 near Hempstead, Texas in the Brazos River valley. He was the fourth of eight children of Colonel Philip Cuney, a wealthy white plantation owner and senator, and Adeline Stuart, one of his slaves. Wright Cuney is said to have been of African, Native American, and Swiss descent. He considered Houston his home.
wn.com/Norris_Wright_Cuney -
Rosario Maceo
Rosario Maceo (Sr.), also known as Papa Rose or Rose Maceo, was a Sicilian immigrant and organized crime boss in Galveston, Texas in the United States. Because of his efforts and those of his brother Sam, Galveston Island became a nationally known resort town during the early and mid 20th century, during a period known as Galveston's Wide-Open Era. They owned various restaurant and casino venues including the now-vanished Hollywood Dinner Club and the Balinese Room. He became an Al Capone-like figure in the city. Sometimes known as the "Iron Glove," Maceo was the enforcer and head of operations for the business empire he and his brother formed.
Rosario Maceo was born in Palermo, Sicily at the end of the 19th century. The Maceo family immigrated to Louisiana in the United States in 1901. He trained as a barber and later moved to Galveston in 1910, shortly before World War I, to start a business eventually with his brother Sam. Rose's command of English was never great and he was reportedly illiterate.
wn.com/Rosario_Maceo -
Sam Maceo
Salvatore Maceo, also known as Sam Maceo, was a businessman, community leader, and organized crime boss in Galveston, Texas in the United States. Because of his efforts, Galveston Island became a nationally known resort town during the early and mid 20th century, a period known as Galveston's Open Era. He and his brother, both Sicilian immigrants, owned numerous restaurant and casino venues including the now-vanished Hollywood Dinner Club and the Balinese Room. Sometimes known as the "Velvet Glove," Sam's smooth style and ability to influence people were legendary. He was able to wield influence comparable to an elected official and he held relationships with celebrities and politicians throughout Texas and the United States. During his lifetime he and his island home were known nationwide.
The culture and economy Sam and the Maceo syndicate helped create on the island engendered the nickname "Free State of Galveston." He was also involved in the development of the Las Vegas Strip during the late 1940s, particularly the establishment of the Desert Inn.
wn.com/Sam_Maceo -
Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Tilman J. Fertitta
Tilman Joseph Fertitta (born June 25, 1957) is an American businessman and the founder, chairman of the board, President, CEO and primary shareholder of Landry's Restaurants. He is also a member of the board of regents of the University of Houston System. In 2012 Fertitta was one of 21 newcomers to the 2012 list of the World’s Billionaires. Ranked at number 854 with a net worth of $1.5 billion.
Fertitta was born and raised in Galveston, Texas, where his family had settled generations after emigrating to Louisiana and Texas from Sicily.
Fertitta attended Texas Tech University and the University of Houston where he studied business administration and hospitality management. He showed an entrepreneurial streak even in college when he started his own firm focused on marketing and sales and, after college, development and construction. From there, Fertitta began building homes while selling Shaklee vitamins on the side. He moved full-time into foodservice in 1986 working as a real estate specialist for Landry's. It was only a few short months before he bought the chain.
wn.com/Tilman_J._Fertitta -
Verner Moore White
Verner Moore White (October 5, 1863 - August 30, 1923), born Thomas Verner Moore White but informally known as Verner White, was an American landscape and portrait painter. White painted works for many of the business and political leaders of his time including commissions for three United States Presidents.
White was born in Lunenburg County, Virginia to Thomas and Alice White. His father, Thomas Ward White, was a Presbyterian chaplain in the American Civil War and later served as President of the Reidville Female College and the Greensboro Female College in South Carolina.
White was taught by private tutor until when at seventeen he attended Southwestern Presbyterian University in Clarksville, Tennessee to study art. White graduated in 1884 to become a full-time artist in DeLand, Florida. The forests and swamps of north Florida and south Georgia were the subjects of many of White's early works as he developed his interest and skill in landscape painting during this period.
In 1885, White turned his attentions to portraiture when he opened a studio in Mobile, Alabama. While in Mobile, White painted portraits of some of the most influential people in The South including his painting of the last live portrait of Jefferson Davis, the former President of the Confederacy.
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Weatherford, Texas
Weatherford is a city in Parker County, Texas, United States, and a western suburb of Fort Worth. The population was 25,250 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Parker County and is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.
Weatherford is located 25 miles (40 km) west of Fort Worth on Interstate 20. It is the county seat for Parker County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.7 square miles (59 km2), of which, 20.9 square miles (54 km2) of it is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of it (7.86%) is water.
The 2008 census for the population of the City of Weatherford, Texas is 26,686 with a population density of 1,175.59 people per square mile. The population grew by 40.5% from 2000 to 2008. The racial makeup of the city in 2008 is 85.50% White, 10.20% Hispanic, 2.10% Black, 1.30% American Indian, 0.70% Asian, 4.10% other. Weatherford's average household size is 2.5.
The average income per household was $50,924, in the year 2007. The estimated 2007 city capita was $26,380.
wn.com/Weatherford,_Texas
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GALVESTON.COM: Galveston Island Tourism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Please subscribe to Galvestoncom and don't forget to leave a comment. Galveston Island Lodging, www.galveston.com Galveston.com Calendar of Events, www.galveston.com Galveston on Facebook, www.facebook.com Galveston.com, www.galveston.com Official video travelogue of Galveston Island, updated for 2010! From the Galveston Island Convention & Visitors Bureau and Galveston.com & Company.
http://wn.com/GALVESTONCOM_Galveston_Island_Tourism
Please subscribe to Galvestoncom and don't forget to leave a comment. Galveston Island Lodging, www.galveston.com Galveston.com Calendar of Events, www.galveston.com Galveston on Facebook, www.facebook.com Galveston.com, www.galveston.com Official video travelogue of Galveston Island, updated for 2010! From the Galveston Island Convention & Visitors Bureau and Galveston.com & Company.
Galveston, Texas Seawall Blvd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Video follows Sea wall blvd on galveston Island. showing the citys rebuilding progress since hurricane Ike 2 years later .
http://wn.com/Galveston,_Texas_Seawall_Blvd
Video follows Sea wall blvd on galveston Island. showing the citys rebuilding progress since hurricane Ike 2 years later .
- published: 12 Sep 2010
- views: 33066
- author: ScrewdUPClickV2
Galveston TX Attractions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:57
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Kevin and Sue McCarthy take you to the attractions of Galveston Texas. You will see Moody Gardens, the tall ship Elissa, a battleship, an oil museum, Airplane museum, Fishermans Wharf, Mansions and more.
http://wn.com/Galveston_TX_Attractions
Kevin and Sue McCarthy take you to the attractions of Galveston Texas. You will see Moody Gardens, the tall ship Elissa, a battleship, an oil museum, Airplane museum, Fishermans Wharf, Mansions and more.
- published: 10 May 2008
- views: 26223
- author: kevinandsuetravel
Hurricane Ike - The aftermath - Galveston Island, TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
This video shows the aftermath of Hurricane Ike on Galveston Island, TX on Saturday morning after landfall. One of the biggest threats were fires, which were almost impossible to control given the strong winds. Check out the pre-landfall surf and landfall videos on the TornadoVideos.net channel
http://wn.com/Hurricane_Ike_The_aftermath_Galveston_Island,_TX
This video shows the aftermath of Hurricane Ike on Galveston Island, TX on Saturday morning after landfall. One of the biggest threats were fires, which were almost impossible to control given the strong winds. Check out the pre-landfall surf and landfall videos on the TornadoVideos.net channel
- published: 14 Sep 2008
- views: 186145
- author: TornadoVideosdotnet
Hurricane Ike Galveston TX - Master in HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Hurricane Ike slams Galveston, Texas. Watch the huge waves hit the 17 foot seawall and shoot up 100 feet in the air. See two guys on bikes kiss the road when a wave hit's the seawall. Footage shot by Jim Edds of www.extremestorms.com
http://wn.com/Hurricane_Ike_Galveston_TX_Master_in_HD
Hurricane Ike slams Galveston, Texas. Watch the huge waves hit the 17 foot seawall and shoot up 100 feet in the air. See two guys on bikes kiss the road when a wave hit's the seawall. Footage shot by Jim Edds of www.extremestorms.com
- published: 25 Aug 2009
- views: 12103
- author: Jim Edds
Grande Fishing 61st St Pier Galveston,Tx
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:08
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Fishing with my 7 yr old son Jules & my nephew Johnny @ 61st street fishing pier in Galveston, Tx. Very nice clean pier with lots of cleaning tables & sinks with running water. Early birds get the best spots so we were there @ 6am. You can bring your own drinks & food, no glass containers. Or purchase food from the grill. They have hard rock playing all day & no you can not bring in alcoholic beverages but you can purchase your beer for $3.00 a beer. The main idea of the trip was for my son to catch his 1st fish. Check it out & see how he & my nephew do.
http://wn.com/Grande_Fishing_61st_St_Pier_Galveston,Tx
Fishing with my 7 yr old son Jules & my nephew Johnny @ 61st street fishing pier in Galveston, Tx. Very nice clean pier with lots of cleaning tables & sinks with running water. Early birds get the best spots so we were there @ 6am. You can bring your own drinks & food, no glass containers. Or purchase food from the grill. They have hard rock playing all day & no you can not bring in alcoholic beverages but you can purchase your beer for $3.00 a beer. The main idea of the trip was for my son to catch his 1st fish. Check it out & see how he & my nephew do.
- published: 09 Jun 2011
- views: 35675
- author: ElGrandeDawg
Galveston Texas - San Luis Pass Fishing Pier 1 year after Hurricane Ike
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
A visit to San Luis Pass fishing pier one year after Hurricane Ike destroyed the area. October 2009
http://wn.com/Galveston_Texas_San_Luis_Pass_Fishing_Pier_1_year_after_Hurricane_Ike
A visit to San Luis Pass fishing pier one year after Hurricane Ike destroyed the area. October 2009
- published: 15 Nov 2010
- views: 6730
- author: PCEntertainment2
Galveston,TX Surf
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Surfing in galveston,tx right after a cold front hit the island.
http://wn.com/Galveston,TX_Surf
Surfing in galveston,tx right after a cold front hit the island.
- published: 05 Apr 2011
- views: 19126
- author: YourTownTV
Hurricane ike damage. Galveston,tx. documentary. By: David Rinker- UH Manoa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:39
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
hurricane ike destruction in galveston texas 3 1/2 months after ike
http://wn.com/Hurricane_ike_damage_Galveston,tx_documentary_By_David_Rinker_UH_Manoa
hurricane ike destruction in galveston texas 3 1/2 months after ike
- published: 28 Jan 2009
- views: 26987
- author: davidrinkerhawaii
I-45/TX-87 Galveston, TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
My first attempt at Sony Vegas. The video follows TX-87 from Seawall Blvd. on the eastern side of Galveston to I-45, across the Galveston Causeway in La Marque. Enjoy, all 599MB of it!
http://wn.com/I-45_TX-87_Galveston,_TX
My first attempt at Sony Vegas. The video follows TX-87 from Seawall Blvd. on the eastern side of Galveston to I-45, across the Galveston Causeway in La Marque. Enjoy, all 599MB of it!
- published: 30 Apr 2011
- views: 2958
- author: FreewayTitan
Galveston Texas Beach scenes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Kevin and Sue McCarthy take you to Galveston, Texas. In this video you will see scenes of the Beach and a beautiful sunset.
http://wn.com/Galveston_Texas_Beach_scenes
Kevin and Sue McCarthy take you to Galveston, Texas. In this video you will see scenes of the Beach and a beautiful sunset.
- published: 05 May 2008
- views: 21386
- author: kevinandsuetravel
Galveston Tx - Seawall Blvd HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Seawall Blvd in Galveston Texas June 26, 2009. Video was shot with the SONY HD Cam MHS-CM1 at 720p
http://wn.com/Galveston_Tx_Seawall_Blvd_HD
Seawall Blvd in Galveston Texas June 26, 2009. Video was shot with the SONY HD Cam MHS-CM1 at 720p
- published: 30 Jul 2009
- views: 7816
- author: Mckelio23
2006 Lonestar Bike Rally Galveston Texas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
2006 Lonestar Bike Rally Galveston Texas
http://wn.com/2006_Lonestar_Bike_Rally_Galveston_Texas
Tarpon Kayak Fishing -- Galveston, TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Tarpon Tomorrow Tournament Series -- Galveston, TX 2008
http://wn.com/Tarpon_Kayak_Fishing_-_Galveston,_TX
Tarpon Tomorrow Tournament Series -- Galveston, TX 2008
- published: 13 Aug 2008
- views: 20139
- author: CrazyYakNTX
30milesout.com RED FISH GALVESTON TEXAS SIGHT CASTING
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:22
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
VISIT HOOK1 kayakfishinggear.com (USE CODE 30MILESOUT for 10% off NEW PURCHASE!) today on 30milesout, ty hits the south east texas marsh with berkley gulp baits, a hobie pro angler and light spinning tackle ! check it out ! WHAT!
http://wn.com/30milesoutcom_RED_FISH_GALVESTON_TEXAS_SIGHT_CASTING
VISIT HOOK1 kayakfishinggear.com (USE CODE 30MILESOUT for 10% off NEW PURCHASE!) today on 30milesout, ty hits the south east texas marsh with berkley gulp baits, a hobie pro angler and light spinning tackle ! check it out ! WHAT!
- published: 12 May 2012
- views: 5935
- author: tyonthefly
Songbird Migration Workshop - Galveston, TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Songbird Migration Workshop - Galveston, TX
http://wn.com/Songbird_Migration_Workshop_Galveston,_TX
GALVESTON.COM: Galveston, Texas Beaches
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Guide to Galveston Island beaches, from Galveston.com & Company.
http://wn.com/GALVESTONCOM_Galveston,_Texas_Beaches
Guide to Galveston Island beaches, from Galveston.com & Company.
- published: 10 Nov 2009
- views: 22029
- author: galvestoncom
Treasure Hunting Stewart Beach Galveston Texas June 10 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Great Time Treasure Hunting With TXCoindigger, Camel & DiggerDun
http://wn.com/Treasure_Hunting_Stewart_Beach_Galveston_Texas_June_10_2010
Great Time Treasure Hunting With TXCoindigger, Camel & DiggerDun
- published: 12 Jun 2010
- views: 6606
- author: LostRingFinders
Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston, Texas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
sixfiguresworkingfromhome.com A person in a bear costume walks down the street in Galveston during Hurricane Ike.Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike Bear Visits Galveston Storm surge winds destruction 100 mph Costume Island KHOU Houston Texas
http://wn.com/Hurricane_Ike_Bear_Visits_Galveston,_Texas
sixfiguresworkingfromhome.com A person in a bear costume walks down the street in Galveston during Hurricane Ike.Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike - Bear Visits Galveston Hurricane Ike Bear Visits Galveston Storm surge winds destruction 100 mph Costume Island KHOU Houston Texas
- published: 14 Sep 2008
- views: 62176
- author: zteam212
kayak fishing galveston tx
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 16 Jun 2011
http://wn.com/kayak_fishing_galveston_tx
North Jetties Galveston Texas Bull Red Fishing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Galveston Texas Bull Red fish fishing on the North Jetties.
http://wn.com/North_Jetties_Galveston_Texas_Bull_Red_Fishing
Galveston Texas Bull Red fish fishing on the North Jetties.
- published: 12 Jan 2011
- views: 9489
- author: noschese22
Storm Stories: Hurricane Ike Threatens Galveston Texas September 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:52
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
This is the story of three survivors who ignored evacuation requests and cheated certain death, barely getting out with their lives. Rebecca Adler, Michael Campbell and Mark Davidson tell their stories of survival.
http://wn.com/Storm_Stories_Hurricane_Ike_Threatens_Galveston_Texas_September_2008
This is the story of three survivors who ignored evacuation requests and cheated certain death, barely getting out with their lives. Rebecca Adler, Michael Campbell and Mark Davidson tell their stories of survival.
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 5035
- author: TheDocumentarySite
Hurricane Ike Galveston, Texas Seawall Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
***Be sure to watch the High Quality Version*** Upon arriving in Galveston, Texas for Hurricane Ike, we directly headed for the sea wall. Even from about five blocks away we could see the waves crashing against the sea wall and the spray was reaching heights of about 20 feet (as high as the traffic signals). This footage shows the views taken without the water proof housing, so full audio can be heard. This is low resolution stock video shot in Standard Definition 4:3 format. Please contact me for stock sales and licensing. No unauthorized use is permitted. All violators will be reported and prosecuted.
http://wn.com/Hurricane_Ike_Galveston,_Texas_Seawall_Video
***Be sure to watch the High Quality Version*** Upon arriving in Galveston, Texas for Hurricane Ike, we directly headed for the sea wall. Even from about five blocks away we could see the waves crashing against the sea wall and the spray was reaching heights of about 20 feet (as high as the traffic signals). This footage shows the views taken without the water proof housing, so full audio can be heard. This is low resolution stock video shot in Standard Definition 4:3 format. Please contact me for stock sales and licensing. No unauthorized use is permitted. All violators will be reported and prosecuted.
- published: 03 Feb 2009
- views: 18018
- author: WeatherWarriordotnet
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
20 Dec 2012
Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies. The group is expected to offer its proposals in January. “We know this is a complex issue that stirs deeply held passions and political divides,” Obama said. “But the fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing.” ... WAKE-UP CALL ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
photo: AP / Alfred de Montesquiou
21 Dec 2012
UNITED NATIONS -- The U.N ... A resolution adopted unanimously by the United Nations' most powerful body stressed that there must be a two-track plan, political and military, to reunify the country, which has been in turmoil since a coup in March. The Security Council authorized an African-led force to support Malian authorities in recovering the north -- an area the size of Texas -- but set no timeline for military action ... U.N ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
photo: Public Domain / Tm
21 Dec 2012
The UN Security Council on Thursday unanimously approved sending an African-led intervention force to help Mali’s army reconquer much of the country from Islamist militants. The 15-member council gave the force an initial one year mandate to use “all necessary measures” to help the Mali government take back the northern half of the country from “terrorist, extremist and armed groups.” ... Agence France-Presse ....(size: 1.9Kb)
photo: AP / Kirsty Wigglesworth
21 Dec 2012
Former Chelsea and Liverpool midfielder Raul Meireles is said to have been given an 11-match ban by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) for spitting at a referee. In trouble. Raul Meireles is alleged to have spat at the referee after being sent-off . By Telegraph Sport. 10.14AM GMT 21 Dec 2012. Comments ... It is alleged that Meireles spat at the official and also made a homophobic comment ... After the match he said ... . European ... View ... ....(size: 8.6Kb)
photo: AP
22 Dec 2012
An Egyptian constitution drafted by Islamists is expected to be approved in a referendum on Saturday after the charter, which opponents say will create deeper turmoil, won approval in a first wave of voting a week ago. The opposition have already cried foul, saying a litany of abuses means last Saturday’s ballot, involving about half the electorate, should be re-run ... Polling stations open at 8 a.m. (0600 GMT) and close at 7 p.m....(size: 4.4Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
Galveston ... Upper and lower Texas coast ... Saturday's beach-water temperature at Galveston was 62 degrees ... Galveston ... Galveston ... Texas makes an increasing impact on NFL's QB ranks ... Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers Parents hesitant about NRA armed schools proposal Police probe why man fatally shot 3 in rural Pa ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260....(size: 14.5Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
23 Dec 2012
GALVESTON, Texas -- Angelica Gonzales marched through high school in Goth armor -- black boots, chains and cargo pants -- but undermined her pose of alienation with a place on the honor roll ... Weekends and summers were devoted to a college-readiness program, where her best friends, Melissa O'Neal and Bianca Gonzalez, shared her drive to "get off the island" -- escape the prospect of dead-end lives in luckless Galveston....(size: 8.3Kb)
The New York Times
23 Dec 2012
GALVESTON, Tex ... From left, Melissa O’Neal, Bianca Gonzalez and Angelica Gonzales met up in Galveston, Tex ... Weekends and summers were devoted to a college-readiness program, where her best friends, Melissa O’Neal and Bianca Gonzalez, shared her drive to “get off the island” — escape the prospect of dead-end lives in luckless Galveston....(size: 10.2Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
Addison, Texas (PRWEB) December 22, 2012 ... Encore Payment Systems is located at 3801 Arapaho Road, Addison, Texas 75001 ... Bosses can fire 'irresistible' workers New details emerge a week after school massacre Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers Parents hesitant about NRA armed schools proposal Ky ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... TCEQ orders water use cutbacks in Galveston, Fort Bend counties....(size: 12.0Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
PRWeb . December 22, 2012. Comments (0) E-mail Print. Tweet. Page 1 of 1 ... About DareFat.com ... Tweet ... Bosses can fire 'irresistible' workers New details emerge a week after school massacre Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers Parents hesitant about NRA armed schools proposal Ky ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... TCEQ orders water use cutbacks in Galveston, Fort Bend counties ... P.O. Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260....(size: 10.5Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
PRWeb . December 23, 2012 ... Tweet. Page 1 of 1 ... Houston gun store owner receives death threat Bridgeport gun buyback off to strong start NRA calls for armed police officer in every school Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers New details emerge a week after school massacre Cops ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... TCEQ orders water use cutbacks in Galveston, Fort Bend counties ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260 ... ....(size: 11.1Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
PRWeb . December 22, 2012. Comments (0) E-mail Print. Tweet. Page 1 of 1. Nine months of pregnancy and prenatal care prepares new moms for the birth of a new baby ... About the Author ... ISBN-10 ... Tweet ... Shooting, crash may be tied to home invasion Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers Ky ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... TCEQ orders water use cutbacks in Galveston, Fort Bend counties ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260....(size: 10.8Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
Bosses can fire 'irresistible' workers Houston gun store owner receives death threat Bridgeport gun buyback off to strong start New details emerge a week after school massacre Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers Parents hesitant about NRA armed schools proposal Police probe why man fatally shot 3 in rural Pa ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260....(size: 11.4Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
PRWeb . December 22, 2012 ... Tweet. Page 1 of 1 ... Houston gun store owner receives death threat Bridgeport gun buyback off to strong start NRA calls for armed police officer in every school Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers New details emerge a week after school massacre Cops ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... TCEQ orders water use cutbacks in Galveston, Fort Bend counties ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260 ... ....(size: 11.6Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
PRWeb . December 22, 2012 ... Tweet. Page 1 of 1 ... Houston gun store owner receives death threat Bridgeport gun buyback off to strong start NRA calls for armed police officer in every school Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers New details emerge a week after school massacre Cops ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... TCEQ orders water use cutbacks in Galveston, Fort Bend counties ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260 ... ....(size: 11.4Kb)
my SA
23 Dec 2012
Galveston. San Antonian on cruise ship doubly sickened. A Crown Princess cruise ship on which about 100 passengers came down with a stomach virus during a 20-day trip to Italy has docked in Galveston. About 96 passengers and six crew members contracted norovirus, a highly contagious gastrointestinal illness ... 2 and arrived in Galveston early Saturday ... Spokeswoman Karen Candy said the ship would be disinfected in Galveston ... Fort Worth....(size: 2.6Kb)
Star Telegram
23 Dec 2012
GALVESTON -- The cruise ship Crown Princess on which about 100 passengers came down with a stomach virus during a 20-day trip to Italy has docked in Galveston, the Houston Chronicle reported Saturday ... The ship left Venice on Dec. 2 and arrived in Galveston early Saturday ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Dec 2012
Bosses can fire 'irresistible' workers Houston gun store owner receives death threat Bridgeport gun buyback off to strong start New details emerge a week after school massacre Texas police use Mace on Air Jordan shoppers Parents hesitant about NRA armed schools proposal Police probe why man fatally shot 3 in rural Pa ... Cruise ship docks in Galveston after norovirus outbreak ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260....(size: 13.0Kb)
"Galveston" redirects here. For other uses, see Galveston (disambiguation).
| City of Galveston | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
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|
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| Nickname(s): The Oleander City[1] | |||
 |
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| Coordinates: 29°16′52″N 94°49′33″W / 29.28111°N 94.82583°W / 29.28111; -94.82583Coordinates: 29°16′52″N 94°49′33″W / 29.28111°N 94.82583°W / 29.28111; -94.82583 | |||
| Country |  United States |
||
| State |  Texas |
||
| Counties | Galveston | ||
| Incorporated | 1839 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Council–manager | ||
| • City Council | Mayor Joe Jaworski Rusty Legg, Linda Colbert Elizabeth Beeton Chris Gonzales Steve Greenberg Dianna Puccetti |
||
| • City Manager | Steven LeBlanc | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 208.3 sq mi (539.6 km2) | ||
| • Land | 46.1 sq mi (119.5 km2) | ||
| • Water | 162.2 sq mi (420.1 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 7 ft (2 m) | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • Total | 47,743 | ||
| • Density | 1,240/sq mi (478.9/km2) | ||
| • Demonym | Galvestonian | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ||
| ZIP codes | 77550-77555 | ||
| Area code(s) | 409 | ||
| FIPS code | 48-28068[2] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 1377745[3] | ||
| Website | cityofgalveston.org | ||
Galveston ( /ˈɡælvɨstən/) is a coastal city located on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census[update], the city had a total population of 47,743 within an area of 208 square miles (540 km2). Located within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, the city is the seat and second-largest city of Galveston County in population.
Named after Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, Galveston's first European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816. The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its successful independence from Spain. The city served as the main port for the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution and later served as the capital of the Republic of Texas.
During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the United States. Galveston is known for the hurricane that devastated the city in 1900. The natural disaster that followed still counts as the deadliest in American history.
Much of Galveston's modern economy is centered in the tourism, health care, shipping and financial industries. The 84-acre (340,000 m2) University of Texas Medical Branch campus with an enrollment of more than 2,500 students is a major economic force of the city. Galveston is home to six historic districts containing one of the largest and historically significant collections of 19th-century buildings with over 60 structures listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Galveston, Texas
Exploration, settlement and 19th century[link]
Galveston Island was originally inhabited by members of the Karankawa and Akokisa tribes who used the name "Auia" for the island. The Spanish explorer Cabeza de Vaca and his crew were shipwrecked on the island or nearby in November 1528,[4] calling it "Isla de Malhado" ("Isle of Doom"), and there began his famous trek to Mexico.[5] During his charting of the Gulf Coast in 1785, the Spanish explorer José de Evia named the island Gálvez-town or Gálveztown in honor of Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez.[5] The first permanent European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816 by the pirate Louis-Michel Aury as a base of operations to support Mexico's rebellion against Spain.[6] In 1817, Aury returned from an unsuccessful raid against Spain to find Galveston occupied by the pirate Jean Lafitte.[6] Lafitte organized Galveston into a pirate "kingdom" he called "Campeche", anointing himself the island's "head of government."[7] Lafitte remained in Galveston until 1821 when he and his raiders were forced off the island by the United States Navy.[7][8]
In 1825 the Congress of Mexico established the Port of Galveston and in 1830 erected a customs house.[9] Galveston served as the capital of the Republic of Texas when in 1836 interim president David G. Burnet relocated his government there.[9] In 1836, Canadian Michel Branamour Menard and several associates purchased 4,605 acres (18.64 km2) of land for $50,000 to found the town that would become the modern city of Galveston.[10][11][12] In 1839 the City of Galveston adopted a charter and was incorporated by the Congress of the Republic of Texas.[12][13] The city was by then a burgeoning port and attracted many new residents, Jewish merchants amongst them.[14]
The Battle of Galveston occurred on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War when Confederate forces under Major General John B. Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the city.[15] In the late 1890s, the Fort Crockett defenses and coastal artillery batteries were constructed in Galveston and along the Bolivar Roads.[16]
At the end of the 19th century, the city of Galveston had a population of 37,000. Its position on the natural harbor of Galveston Bay along the Gulf of Mexico made it the center of trade in Texas, and one of the largest cotton ports in the nation, in competition with New Orleans.[17] During this golden era of Galveston's history, the city was home to a number of state firsts that include among others the first post office (1836), the first naval base (1836), the first Texas chapter of a Masonic order (1840); the first cotton compress (1842), the first parochial school (Ursuline Academy) (1847), the first insurance company (1854), the first gas lights (1856), the first opera house (1870), the first orphanage (1876), the first telephone (1878) and the first electric lights (1883).[12][18]
During the post-Civil-War period, leaders such as George T. Ruby and Norris Wright Cuney, who headed the Texas Republican Party, promoted African-American civil rights helping to drastically improve educational and employment opportunities for blacks in Galveston and in Texas.[19]
Hurricane of 1900 and recovery[link]
Further information: Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and Open Era of Galveston
On September 8, 1900, the island was struck by a devastating hurricane.[20] This event holds the record as the United States' deadliest natural disaster.[20][21] The city was devastated, and an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 people on the island were killed.[20] Following the storm, a 10-mile (16 km) long, 17 foot (5.2 m) high seawall was constructed to protect the city from floods and hurricane storm surge. A team of engineers including Henry Martyn Robert (Robert's Rules of Order) designed the plan to raise much of the existing city to a sufficient elevation behind a seawall so that confidence in the city could be maintained.
The city developed the city commission form of city government, known as the "Galveston Plan", to help expedite recovery.[22]
Despite attempts to draw new investment to the city after the hurricane, Galveston never fully returned to its previous levels of national importance or prosperity. Development was also hindered by the construction of the Houston Ship Channel, which brought the Port of Houston into direct competition with the natural harbor of the Port of Galveston for sea traffic. To further her recovery, and rebuild her population, Galveston actively solicited immigration. Through the efforts of Rabbi Henry Cohen and Congregation B'nai Israel, Galveston became the focus of an immigration plan called the Galveston Movement that, between 1907 and 1914, diverted roughly 10,000 Eastern European, Jewish immigrants from the crowded cities of the Northeastern United States.[23] Additionally numerous other immigrant groups, including Greeks, Italians and Russian Jews came to the city during this period.[24] This immigration trend substantially altered the ethnic makeup of the island, as well as many other areas of Texas and the western U.S.
Though the storm stalled economic development and the city of Houston grew into the region's principal metropolis, Galveston economic leaders recognized the need to diversify from the traditional port-related industries. In 1905 William Lewis Moody, Jr. and Isaac H. Kempner, members of two of Galveston's leading families, founded the American National Insurance Company;[25] and two years later, Mr. Moody would further invest in Galveston by establishing the City National Bank, which would later become the Moody National Bank.[26][27]
During the 1920s and 1930s, the city re-emerged as a major tourist destination.[28][29] Under the influence of Sam Maceo and Rosario Maceo, the city exploited the prohibition of liquor and gambling in clubs like the Balinese Room offering entertainment to wealthy Houstonians and other out-of-towners. Combined with prostitution which had existed in the city since the Civil War, Galveston became known as the sin city of the Gulf.[30] Galvestonians accepted and even supported the illegal activities, often referring to their island as the "Free State of Galveston".[31][32] The island had entered what would later become known as the open era.[33]
The 1930s and 1940s brought much change to the Island City. During World War II, the Galveston Municipal Airport, predecessor to Scholes International Airport, was re-designated a U.S. Army Air Corps base and named "Galveston Army Air Field". In January 1943, Galveston Army Air Field was officially activated with the 46th Bombardment Group serving an anti-submarine role in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1942, William Lewis Moody, Jr., along with his wife Libbie Shearn Rice Moody, established the Moody Foundation, with the purpose of "benefiting present and future generations of Texans." The foundation, one of the largest in the United States, would play a prominent role in Galveston during later decades, helping to fund numerous civic and health-oriented programs.[34]
Post–World War II[link]
The end of the war drastically reduced military investment in the island. Increasing enforcement of gambling laws and the growth of Las Vegas put pressure on the gaming industry on the island.[35] Finally in 1957, Texas Attorney General Will Wilson and the Texas Rangers began a massive campaign of raids which wrecked gambling and prostitution in the city.[36] As these vice industries crashed, so did tourism taking the rest of the Galveston economy with it.[37] Neither the economy nor the culture of the city was the same afterward.[38]
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The economy of the island entered a long, stagnant period. Many businesses relocated off of the island during this period, however, health care, insurance and financial industries continue to be strong contributors to the economy. By 1959, the city of Houston had long out-paced Galveston in population and economic growth. Beginning in 1957 the Galveston Historical Foundation began its efforts to preserve historic buildings.[39] The 1966 book The Galveston That Was helped encourage the preservation movement. Restoration efforts financed by motivated investors, notably Houston businessman George P. Mitchell, gradually created the Strand Historic District and reinvented other areas. A new, family-oriented tourism emerged in the city over many years.
The 1960s saw the expansion of higher education in Galveston. Already home to the University of Texas Medical Branch, the city got a boost in 1962 with the creation of the Texas Maritime Academy, predecessor of Texas A&M University at Galveston; and by 1967 a community college, Galveston College, had been established.[40]
In the 2000s (decade), property values rose after expensive projects were completed[41] and demand for second homes increased.[42] Hurricane Ike made landfall on Galveston Island in the early morning of September 13, 2008 as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 110 miles per hour.[43] The island has since re-established services and the population has returned but some damage remains.
Geography[link]
Further information: Galveston Island and Galveston Bay
The city of Galveston is situated on Galveston Island, a barrier island that is made up mostly of sand-sized particles and smaller amounts of finer mud sediments and larger gravel-sized sediments on the Texas Gulf coast near the mainland coast. The city is about 45 miles (72 km) southeast of downtown Houston.[44] The island is oriented generally northeast-southwest, with the Gulf of Mexico on the east and south, West Bay on the west, and Galveston Bay on the north. The island's main access point from the mainland is the Interstate Highway 45 causeway that crosses West Bay on the northeast side of the island. A deepwater channel connects Galveston's harbor with the Gulf and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 208.4 square miles (540 km2), of which 46.2 square miles (120 km2) is land and 162.2 square miles (420 km2) and 77.85% is water. The island is 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Houston.[45]
The western portion of Galveston is referred to as the "West End". Communities in eastern Galveston include Lake Madeline, Offats Bayou, Central City, Fort Crockett, Bayou Shore, Lasker Park, Carver Park, Kempner Park, Old City/Central Business District, San Jacinto, East End, and Lindale.[46] Residential communities in the West End include Laguna Harbor.[citation needed]
Historic districts[link]
Galveston is home to six historic districts with over 60 structures listed representing architectural significance in the National Register of Historic Places.[47] The Silk Stocking National Historic District, located between Broadway and Seawall Boulevard and bounded by Ave. K, 23rd St., Ave. P, and 26th St., contains a collection of historic homes constructed from the Civil War through World War II.[48] The East End Historic District, located on both sides of Broadway and Market Streets, contains 463 buildings. Other districts include Cedar Lawn Historic District, Denver Court Historic District and Fort Travis.[47]
The Strand National Historic Landmark District is a National Historic Landmark District of mainly Victorian era buildings that now house restaurants, antique stores, historical exhibits, museums and art galleries. The area is a major tourist attraction for the island city and also plays host to two very popular seasonal festivals. It is widely considered the island's shopping and entertainment center. Today, "the Strand" is generally used to refer to the entire five-block business district between 20th and 25th streets in downtown Galveston, very close to the city's wharf. Throughout the 19th century, the port city of Galveston grew rapidly and the Strand was considered the region's primary business center. For a time, the Strand was known as the "Wall Street of the South".[49]
Climate[link]
| Galveston | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Galveston's climate is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa in Köppen climate classification system).[50] Prevailing winds from the south and southeast bring both heat from the deserts of Mexico and moisture from the Gulf of Mexico.[51] Summer temperatures regularly exceed 90 °F (32 °C) and the area's humidity drives the heat index even higher, while nighttime lows average around 80 °F (27 °C).[52][53][54] Winters in the area are temperate with typical January highs above 60 °F (16 °C) and lows near 50 °F (10 °C). Snowfall is generally rare. Annual rainfall averages well over 40 inches (1,000 mm) a year with some areas typically receiving over 50 inches (1,300 mm).[55][56]
Hurricanes are an ever-present threat during the summer and fall season. Galveston Island and the Bolivar Peninsula are generally at the greatest risk among the communities near the Galveston Bay. However, though the island and peninsula provide some shielding, the bay shoreline still faces significant danger from storm surge.[57][58][59]
| Climate data for Galveston, Texas (Scholes Int'l) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 81 (27) |
83 (28) |
87 (31) |
92 (33) |
94 (34) |
99 (37) |
101 (38) |
102 (39) |
104 (40) |
94 (34) |
85 (29) |
81 (27) |
104 (40) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 62.0 (16.7) |
64.3 (17.9) |
70.3 (21.3) |
76.4 (24.7) |
82.8 (28.2) |
88.0 (31.1) |
89.5 (31.9) |
90.7 (32.6) |
87.5 (30.8) |
80.3 (26.8) |
71.9 (22.2) |
63.5 (17.5) |
77.3 (25.2) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 49.2 (9.6) |
51.8 (11.0) |
57.9 (14.4) |
65.2 (18.4) |
72.6 (22.6) |
78.0 (25.6) |
79.3 (26.3) |
79.7 (26.5) |
76.1 (24.5) |
68.5 (20.3) |
59.0 (15.0) |
50.1 (10.1) |
65.6 (18.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 11 (−12) |
8 (−13) |
26 (−3) |
37 (3) |
52 (11) |
57 (14) |
66 (19) |
67 (19) |
52 (11) |
39 (4) |
26 (−3) |
14 (−10) |
8 (−13) |
| Rainfall inches (mm) | 3.28 (83.3) |
1.95 (49.5) |
3.44 (87.4) |
2.05 (52.1) |
2.18 (55.4) |
4.37 (111) |
3.93 (99.8) |
4.07 (103.4) |
5.97 (151.6) |
4.79 (121.7) |
4.13 (104.9) |
3.31 (84.1) |
43.47 (1,104.1) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.6 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 90.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 145.7 | 163.9 | 207.7 | 225.0 | 266.6 | 297.0 | 310.0 | 279.0 | 237.0 | 238.7 | 177.0 | 151.9 | 2,699.5 |
| Source: NOAA (1981−2010 normals)[60] The Weather Channel (records) [61] HKO (sun only, 1961−1990) [62] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
2000 Census data[link]
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 57,247 people, 23,842 households, and 13,732 families residing in the city. As of the 2005 U.S. Census estimate[update], the city had a total population of 57,466.[63] The population density was 1,240.4 people per square mile (478.9/km²). There were 30,017 housing units at an average density of 650.4 per square mile (251.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.7% White, 25.5% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.7% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. 25.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 23,842 households out of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 16.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.4% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 3.03.
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 4,177 |
|
|
| 1860 | 7,307 | 74.9% | |
| 1870 | 13,818 | 89.1% | |
| 1880 | 22,248 | 61.0% | |
| 1890 | 29,084 | 30.7% | |
| 1900 | 37,789 | 29.9% | |
| 1910 | 36,981 | −2.1% | |
| 1920 | 44,255 | 19.7% | |
| 1930 | 52,938 | 19.6% | |
| 1940 | 60,862 | 15.0% | |
| 1950 | 66,568 | 9.4% | |
| 1960 | 67,175 | 0.9% | |
| 1970 | 61,809 | −8.0% | |
| 1980 | 61,902 | 0.2% | |
| 1990 | 59,070 | −4.6% | |
| 2000 | 57,247 | −3.1% | |
| 2010 | 47,743 | −16.6% | |
In the city the population was 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,895, and the median income for a family was $35,049. Males had a median income of $30,150 versus $26,030 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,275. About 17.8% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.1% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy[link]
Port of Galveston[link]
The Port of Galveston, also called Galveston Wharves, began as a trading post in 1825.[64] Today, the port has grown to 850 acres (3.4 km2) of port facilities. The port is located on the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, on the north side of Galveston Island, with some facilities on Pelican Island. The port has facilities to handle all types of cargo including containers, dry and liquid bulk, breakbulk, Roll-on/roll-off, refrigerated cargo and project cargoes.
The port also serves as a passenger cruise ship terminal for cruise ships operating in the Caribbean. The terminal is home port to two Carnival Cruise Lines vessels, the Carnival Conquest and the Carnival Ecstasy. The Port of Galveston will be home port to Carnival Cruise Lines 3,960 passenger megaship Carnival Magic and Carnival Triumph in November 2011. Carnival Magic will operate seven-day Caribbean cruise from Galveston beginning November 14, 2011, becoming the largest cruise ship based at the Port year-round.[65][66] The port is also the winter home port to Royal Caribbean International's, MS Mariner of the Seas, which is currently the largest cruise ship based in Galveston. In 2012 the Disney Magic will come to Galveston and offer seven-day cruises to Mexico and the Caribbean.
Finance[link]
American National Insurance Company, one of the largest life insurance companies in the United States, is based in Galveston. The company and its subsidiaries operate in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and American Samoa. Through its subsidiary, American National de México, Compañía de Seguros de Vida, it provides products and services in Mexico.[67][68][69] Moody National Bank, with headquarters in downtown Galveston, is one of the largest privately owned Texas-based banks. Its trust department, established in 1927, administers over 12 billion dollars in assets, one of the largest in the state.[70] In addition, the regional headquarters of Iowa-based United Fire & Casualty Company are located in the city.[71]
Health care[link]
Galveston is the home of several of the largest teaching hospitals in the state, located on the campus of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Prior to Hurricane Ike, the University employed more than 12,000 people. Its significant growth in the 1970s and 1980s was attributable to a uniquely qualified management and medical faculty including: Mr. John Thompson; Dr. William James McGanity, Dr. William Levin, Dr. David Daeschner and many more.
Ike severely damaged the 550-bed John Sealy Hospital causing the University of Texas System Board of Regents to cut nearly one-third of the hospital staff. Since the storm, the regents have committed to spending $713 million dollars to restore the campus, construct new medical towers, and return John Sealy Hospital to its 550 bed pre-storm capacity.[72]
In 2011, the UT Board of Regents approved the construction of a new 13 story hospital that will be located next to John Sealy Hospital. Construction will begin in the fall of 2011, with the demolition of the old Jennie Sealy and Shriners hospitals, and continue until completion in 2016. The facility will have 250 room, 20 operating suites and 54 intensive care beds. When the new hospital is complete, along with the renovations at John Sealy, both complexes will have around 600 beds.[73]
The university reopened their Level I Trauma Center on August 1, 2009 which had been closed for eleven months after the hurricane and, as of September 2009[update], had reopened 370 hospital beds.[72][74]
The city is also home to a 30-bed acute burns hospital for children, the Shriners Burns Hospital at Galveston.[75] The Galveston hospital is one of only four in the chain of 22 non-profit Shriners hospitals, that provides acute burns care.[76] Although the Galveston Hospital was damaged by Hurricane Ike, the Shriners national convention held in July 2009 voted to repair and reopen the hospital.[75][77]
Tourism[link]
Galveston is a popular tourist destination which in 2007 brought $808 million to the local economy and attracted 5.4 million visitors. The city features an array of lodging options, including hotels such as the historic Hotel Galvez and Tremont House, vintage bed and breakfast inns, beachfront condominiums, and resort rentals. The city's tourist attractions include the Galveston Schlitterbahn waterpark, Moody Gardens botanical park, the Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig & Museum, the Lone Star Flight Museum, Galveston Railroad Museum, a downtown neighborhood of historic buildings known as The Strand, many historical museums and mansions, and miles of beach front from the East End's Porretto Beach, Stewart Beach to the West End pocket parks.Also there is a pier-turned-amusement park that opened May 2012. it is called Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier. The Strand plays host to a yearly Mardi Gras festival, Galveston Island Jazz & Blues Festival and a Victorian-themed Christmas festival called Dickens on the Strand (honoring the works of novelist Charles Dickens, especially A Christmas Carol) in early December. Galveston is home to several historic ships: the tall ship Elissa (the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and USS Cavalla and USS Stewart, both berthed at Seawolf Park on nearby Pelican Island. Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States.[78]
Arts and culture[link]
Galveston is home to the Galveston Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble of amateur and professional musicians formed in 1979 under the direction of Richard W. Pickar, Musical Director-Conductor.[79] The Galveston Ballet is a regional pre-professional ballet company and academy serving Galveston county.[80] The company presents one full-length classical ballet in the spring of each year and one mixed repertory program in the fall, both presented at the Grand 1894 Opera House.
Architecture[link]
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Galveston contains one of the largest and historically significant collections of 19th-century buildings in the United States. Galveston's architectural preservation and revitalization efforts over several decades have earned national recognition.[81][82]
Located in the Strand District, the Grand 1894 Opera House is a restored historic Romanesque Revival style Opera House that is currently operated as a not-for-profit performing arts theater.[83] The Bishop's Palace, also known as Gresham's Castle, is an ornate Victorian house located on Broadway and 14th Street in the East End Historic District of Galveston, Texas. The American Institute of Architects listed Bishop's Palace as one of the 100 most significant buildings in the United States, and the Library of Congress has classified it as one of the fourteen most representative Victorian structures in the nation.[84] The Galvez Hotel is a historic hotel that opened in 1911.[85] The building was named the Galvez, honoring Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, for whom the city was named. The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1979. The Michel B. Menard House, built in 1838 and oldest in Galveston, is designed in the Greek revival style. In 1880, the house was bought by Edwin N. Ketchum who was police chief of the city during the 1900 Storm. The Ketchum family owned the home until the 1970s. The red-brick Victorian Italianate home, Ashton Villa, was constructed in 1859 by James Moreau Brown. One of the first brick structures in Texas, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a recorded Texas Historic Landmark. The structure is also the site of what was to become the holiday known as Juneteenth. Where On June 19, 1865 Union General Gordon Granger standing on its balcony read the contents of “General Order No. 3”, thereby emancipating all slaves in the state of Texas. [86][87][88] St. Joseph’s Church was built by German immigrants in 1859-60 and is the oldest wooden church building in Galveston and the oldest German Catholic Church in Texas.[89] The church was dedicated in April 1860, to St. Joseph, the patron saint of laborers. The building is a wooden gothic revival structure, rectangular with a square bell tower with trefoil window. The U.S. Custom House began construction in 1860 and was completed in 1861. The Confederate Army occupied the building during the American Civil War, In 1865, the Custom House was the site of the ceremony officially ending the Civil War.[90][91]
Galveston's modern architecture include the American National Insurance Company Tower (One Moody Plaza), San Luis Resort South and North Towers, The Breakers Condominiums, The Galvestonian Resort and Condos, One Shearn Moody Plaza, US National Bank Building, the Rainforest Pyramid at Moody Gardens, John Sealy Hospital Towers at UTMB and Medical Arts Building (also known as Two Moody Plaza).
Media[link]
The Galveston County Daily News, founded in 1842, is the city's primary newspaper and the oldest continuously printed newspaper in Texas.[92] It currently serves as the newspaper of record for the city as well as Galveston County. Radio station KGBC, on air since 1947, has also served as a local media outlet.[93] Television station KHOU signed on the air as KGUL-TV on March 23, 1953. Originally licensed in Galveston, KGUL was the second television station to launch in the Houston area after KPRC-TV.[94] One of the original investors in the station was actor James Stewart, along with a small group of other Galveston investors.[94] In June 1959, KGUL changed its call sign to KHOU and moved the city of license to Houston. The local hip hop name for Galveston is "Galvo."[95]
Notable Galvestonians[link]
Galveston has been home to many important figures in Texas and U.S. history. During the island's earliest history it became the domain of Jean Lafitte, the famed pirate and American hero of the War of 1812.[7] Much later in the 19th century, the African American Galveston civil rights leader Norris Wright Cuney rose to become the head of the Texas Republican Party and became one of the most important Southern black leaders of the century.[96] Richard Bache, Jr. who represented Galveston in the Senate of the Second Texas Legislature in 1847 and assisted in drawing up the Constitution of 1845. He was also the grandson of Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America and Deborah Read. Noted portrait and landscape artist Verner Moore White moved from Galveston the day before the 1900 hurricane. While he survived, his studio and much of his portfolio was destroyed.[97] One of the survivors of the 1900 Galveston Storm was the Hollywood director King Vidor who made his directing debut in 1913 with the film Hurricane in Galveston.[98] Later Jack Johnson, nicknamed the “Galveston Giant”, became the first black world heavyweight boxing champion.[99]
During the first half of the 20th century William L. Moody Jr. established a business empire which includes American National Insurance Company, a major national insurer, and founded the Moody Foundation, one of the largest charitable organizations in the United States.[100] Sam Maceo, a nationally known organized crime boss, with the help of his family, was largely responsible for making Galveston a major U.S. tourist destination from the 1920s to the 1940s.[101] John H. Murphy, was a Texas newspaperman for seventy-four years, was the longtime executive vice president of the Texas Daily Newspaper Association. Douglas Corrigan became of the early transatlantic aviators, and was given the nickname "Wrong Way" for claiming to have mistakenly made the ocean crossing after being refused permission to make the flight.[102]
More recently Tilman J. Fertitta, part of the Maceo bloodline, established the Landry's Restaurants corporation which owns numerous restaurants and entertainment venues in Texas and Nevada.[103] Kay Bailey Hutchison is the senior senator from Texas and the first female Texas senator.[104]
Jonathan Pollard who spied for Israel and was sentenced to life in jail was born in Galveston.[105]
Government and infrastructure[link]
Local government[link]
After the hurricane of 1900, the city originated the City Commission form of city government (which became known as the "Galveston Plan"), although the city has since adopted the council-manager form of government. Galveston's city council serves as the city's legislative branch, while the city manager works as the chief executive officer and the municipal court system serves as the city's judicial branch. The city council and mayor promote ordinances to establish municipal policies. The Galveston City Council consists of six elected positions, each derived from a specified electoral district. Each city council member is elected to a two year term, while the mayor is elected to a two year term. The city council appoints the city manager, the city secretary, the city auditor, the city attorney, and the municipal judge. The city's Tax Collector is determined by the city council and is outsourced to Galveston County. The city manager hires employees, promotes development, presents and administers the budget, and implements city council policies. Joe Jaworski is mayor, having replaced term-limited Lyda Ann Thomas May 2010. Jaworski is also the grandson of Leon Jaworski, United States Special Prosecutor during the Watergate Scandal in the 1970s.[106]
City services[link]
The Galveston Fire Department provides fire protection services through six fire stations and seventeen pieces of apparatus.[107] The Galveston Police Department has provided the city's police protection for more than 165 years. Over 170 authorized officers serve in three divisions.[108] The city is served by the Rosenberg Library, successor to the Galveston Mercantile Library, which was founded in 1871. It is the oldest public library in the State of Texas.[109][110] The library also serves as headquarters of the Galveston County Library System and its librarian also functions as the Galveston County Librarian.[111]
County, state, and federal government[link]
Galveston is the seat and second-largest city (after League City, Texas) of Galveston County in population.[112] The Galveston County Justice Center, which houses all the county's judicial functions as well as jail, is located on 59th street. The Galveston County Administrative Courthouse, the seat of civil and administrative functions, is located near the city's downtown.[113] Galveston is within the County Precinct 1; as of 2008[update] Patrick Doyle serves as the Commissioner of Precinct 1.[114] The Galveston County Sheriff's Office operates its law enforcement headquarters and jail from the Justice Center.[115][116] The Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services operates the Galveston Community Center.[117] Galveston is located in District 23 of the Texas House of Representatives. As of 2008[update], Craig Eiland represents the district.[118] Most of Galveston is within District 17 of the Texas Senate; as of 2008[update] Joan Huffman represents the district.[119] A portion of Galveston is within District 11 of the Texas Senate; as of 2008[update] Mike Jackson represents the district.[120] Galveston is in Texas's 14th congressional district and is represented by Ron Paul as of 2010[update].[121]
The Galveston Division of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, the first federal court in Texas, is based in Galveston and has jurisdiction over the counties of Galveston, Brazoria, Chambers and Matagorda.[122] It is housed in the United States Post Office, Customs House and Court House federal building in downtown Galveston.[123] The United States Postal Service operates several post offices in Galveston, including the Galveston Main Post Office and the Bob Lyons Post Office Station.[124][125] In addition the post office has a contract postal unit at the Medical Branch Unit on the campus of the University of Texas Medical Branch and the West Galveston Contract Postal Unit, located on the west end of Galveston Island in the beachside community of Jamaica Beach.
Transportation[link]
Scholes International Airport at Galveston (IATA: GLS, ICAO: KGLS) is a two-runway airport in Galveston; the airport is primarily used for general aviation, offshore energy transportation, and some limited military operations. The nearest commercial airline service for the city is operated out of Houston through William P. Hobby Airport and George Bush Intercontinental Airport. The University of Texas Medical Branch has two heliports, one for Ewing Hall and one for its emergency room.
The Galveston Railway, originally established and named in 1854 as the Galveston Wharf and Cotton Press Company, is a Class III terminal switching railroad that primarily serves the transportation of cargo to and from the Port of Galveston. The railway operates 32 miles (51 km) of yard track at Galveston, over a 50-acre (200,000 m2) facility.[126] Island Transit, which operates the Galveston Island Trolley manages the city's public transportation services. Bus service is operated by Greyhound Bus Lines out of Galveston Station.[127]
Interstate 45 has a southern terminus in Galveston and serves as a main artery to Galveston from mainland Galveston County and Houston. Farm to Market Road 3005 (locally called Seawall Boulevard) connects Galveston to Brazoria County via the San Luis Pass-Vacek toll bridge. State Highway 87, known locally as Broadway Street, connects the island to the Bolivar Peninsula via the Bolivar Ferry.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Galveston, Texas
Colleges and universities[link]
Established in 1891 with one building and fewer than 50 students, today the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) campus has grown to more than 70 buildings and an enrollment of more than 2,500 students.[128] The 84-acre (340,000 m2) campus includes schools of medicine, nursing, allied health professions, and a graduate school of biomedical sciences, as well as three institutes for advanced studies & medical humanities, a major medical library, seven hospitals, a network of clinics that provide a full range of primary and specialized medical care, and numerous research facilities.[129]
Galveston is home to two post-secondary institutions offering traditional degrees in higher education. Galveston College, a junior college that opened in 1967, and Texas A&M University at Galveston, an ocean-oriented branch campus of Texas A&M University.[130]
Primary and secondary schools[link]
The city of Galveston is served by Galveston Independent School District, which includes six elementary schools, two middle schools and one high school, Ball High School. There is also one magnet middle school, Austin Middle School, serving grades 5 through 8.[131]
Galveston has several state-funded charter schools not affiliated with local school districts, including kindergarten through 8th grade Ambassadors Preparatory Academy and pre-kindergarten through 8th Grade Odyssey Academy.[132] In addition KIPP: the Knowledge Is Power Program plans to open KIPP Coastal Village in Galveston.[133]
Several private schools exist in Galveston. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston operates two Roman Catholic private schools, including Holy Family Catholic School (K through 8th)[134] and O'Connell College Preparatory School (9-12).[132] Other private schools include Satori Elementary School, Trinity Episcopal School, Seaside Christian Academy, and Heritage Christian Academy.[132]
-
Lovenberg Admin Building GISD.jpg
Galveston Independent School District Administration Building
Sister cities[link]
Galveston has six sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:[135]
Armavir, Armenia
Thiruvananthapuram, India
Veracruz, Mexico
Stavanger, Norway
Málaga, Andalusia, Spain[136]
Niigata, Japan
Tamsui, Taiwan (Republic of China)
See also[link]
- Battle of Galveston
- Free State of Galveston
- Galveston Hurricane of 1900
- Galveston Movement
- History of the Jews in Galveston, Texas
- Hurricane Ike
- Isaac's Storm
- Jean Lafitte
Notes[link]
- ^ "History of the Oleander in America... By Way of Galveston". International Oleander Society. http://www.oleander.org/history.html. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Donald E. Chipman (2008-01-18). "The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association". www.tshaonline.org. pp. article "MALHADO ISLAND". http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/MM/rrm1.html. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
- ^ a b David G. McComb. Table of Contents and Excerpt, McComb, Galveston. ISBN 978-0-292-72053-4. http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exmccedg.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ a b Harris Gaylord Warren. "Aury, Louis Michel". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/AA/fau4.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ a b c Harris Gaylord Warren. "Lafitte, Jean". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/LL/fla12.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ Jimmie Walker. "The Legend of Jean Lafitte". Kemah Historical Society. http://www.kemahhistoricalsociety.net/legend1.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ a b "Port of Galveston". World Port Source. http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/USA_TX_Port_of_Galveston_34.php. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Menard, Michel Branamour". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/MM/fme9.html. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "The Galveston Collection". Texas Archival Resources Online, University of Houston. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uhsc/00029/hsc-00029.html. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ a b c "History of Galveston". Isaac's Storm, Random House. http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/greatstorm/historygalveston.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Galveston Island". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/rrg2.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Galveston, Texas", found in the Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities,
- ^ Alwyn Barr. "Galveston, Battle of". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/qeg1.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Galveston Laboratory Home". Galveston.ssp.nmfs.gov. http://galveston.ssp.nmfs.gov/aboutus/fortcrockett/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-28. [dead link]
- ^ Edward Coyle Sealy. "Galveston Wharves". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/etg1.html. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ^ "History: Galveston's Colorful Past". Galveston Chamber of Commerce. http://www.galvestonchamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=198. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
"The History of Galveston". Wyndham Hotels. http://www.wyndham.com/hotels/GLSHG/historyofgalveston/main.wnt. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
Barrington, Carol; Kearney, Sydney (2006). Day Trips from Houston: Getaway Ideas for the Local Traveler. Globe Pequot. p. 241. ISBN 0-7627-3867-7. http://books.google.com/?id=euz4fbCDlLYC. - ^ Pitre, Merline.Cuney, Norris Wright from the Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 15 October 2009
Obadele-Starks, Ernest (2001). Black Unionism in the Industrial South. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 39–44. ISBN 0-89096-912-4. http://books.google.com/?id=4BvbD7rusAAC. - ^ a b c John Edward Weems. "Galveston Hurricane of 1900". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/ydg2.html. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Joe Strupp (2000-09-04). "Nation's deadliest natural disaster". Editor & Publisher. http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services-miscellaneous-business/4729386-1.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03. [dead link]
- ^ "Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. "Commission Form of City Government,"". http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/CC/moc1.html. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
- ^ "Galveston Movement". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/umg1.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ Hardwick (2002), pg.13
- ^ Gary Cartwright (1998). Galveston: A History of the Island. TCU Press. ISBN 0-689-11991-7. http://books.google.com/?id=RFRu8kYThEcC&lpg=PA196.
- ^ "Annual Financials report, 2004-2005". The Moody Foundation. http://www.moodyf.org/downloads/annual-financials-2004-5.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "American National Announces Fourth Quarter 2007 Results". American National Insurance Company. http://www.anico.com/Investor%20Relations/pdfs/ANICO4Q2007Earnings.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-03. [dead link]
- ^ "Galveston Hotel - Hotel Galvez to Reopen October 15". Bloomberg.com. 2008-10-08. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstory&refer=conews&tkr=WYN%3AUS&sid=aH1GgvGGU1vs. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Preserve America Community: Galveston, Texas". http://www.preserveamerica.gov/PAcommunity-GalvestonTX.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ David G. McComb. "Galveston, TX". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/hdg1.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ John Nova Lomax (2009-03-03). "Is Casino Gambling in the Cards for Galveston?". Houston Press. http://www.houstonpress.com/2009-03-05/news/iis-casino-gambling-in-the-cards-for-galveston/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "The Press: Gambling in Texas". Time Magazine. 1952-01-12. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,817727,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Melosi, Martin V.; Pratt, Joseph A. (2007). Energy metropolis: an environmental history of Houston and the Gulf Coast. University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 0-8229-4335-2. http://books.google.com/?id=KtpwM38sPj0C.
- ^ Robert E. Baker. "Moody Foundation". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/MM/vrm6.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ Utley Robert Marshall (2007). Lone Star Lawmen. Oxford. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-19-515444-3. http://books.google.com/?id=G4hjclRksjQC.
- ^ James G. Dickson, Jr.. "Attorney General". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/AA/mba3.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
"The Daily News: Headlines". The Galveston County Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/history.lasso?WCD=headlines.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
Sitton, Thad (2006). The Texas Sheriff: Lord of the County Line. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-8061-3471-0.
Communications, Emmis (December 1983). "Grande Dame of the Gulf". Texas Monthly: 169. http://books.google.com/books?id=LywEAAAAMBAJ. - ^ Melosi, Martin V.; Pratt, Joseph A. (2007). Energy metropolis: an environmental history of Houston and the Gulf Coast. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 202. ISBN 0-8229-4335-2. http://books.google.com/?id=vm1j3XiZiWMC.
- ^ Paul Burka (1983-12-01). "Grande Dame of the Gulf". Texas Monthly. http://www.texasmonthly.com/1983-12-01/feature5-3.php. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
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- ^ "The History of Galveston College". Galveston College. http://www.gc.edu/gc/GC_History.asp?SnID=1413310913. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
Rhiannon Myers (2007-11-14). "Students brave the simulated seas". The Galveston County Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=9751907adb742ca7. Retrieved 2009-09-13. - ^ Novak, Shonda. "Growth Wave Hits Galveston." Austin American-Statesman. Saturday July 22, 2006.
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- ^ "Rock Sediment and Soil Facts, Galveston Island". Geologic Wonders of Texas, University of Texas. http://www.beg.utexas.edu/UTopia/coastal/coastal_rock.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ Woodhams, Susie. "After Ike, a deluge of reinvention." Boston Globe. June 5, 2011. Retrieved on June 6, 2011.
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Melosi (2007), pg. 13 - ^ "Monthly Averages for League City, TX (77573)". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/golf/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/77573?from=tenDay_bottomnav_undeclared. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
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- ^ "Wide Ike and shallow coast mean strong surge". MSNBC. 12 September 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26676728/. Retrieved 2009-10-15. "Houston is buffered by Galveston Island — which sits in the way of the surge — and the bay system"
- ^ Spinner, Kate (31 May 2009). "Hurricane forecasters zero in on threat of surge". Sarasota Herald Tribune. http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20090531/article/905311057?Title=Hurricane-forecasters-zero-in-on-threat-of-surge. Retrieved 2009-10-15. "Just north of Galveston Island, the Bolivar Peninsula shields Galveston Bay much like Lido Key and Longboat Key shield Sarasota Bay."
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=hgx. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Galveston, TX". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USTX0499. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Galveston". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/galveston_e.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ "US Census Press Releases". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080307235133/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/010106.html. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
- ^ "History of The Port of Galveston, Texas". The Post of Galveston. Archived from the original on 2009-10-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20091021084016/http://www.portofgalveston.com/about/history.shtml. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
- ^ "6/23/10 - Galveston to Homeport Both Carnival Magic and Triumph". http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news/4173-62310-galveston-to-homeport-both-carnival-magic-and-truimph.html. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
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- ^ Nell Newton. "American National Insurance Company". Hoover's. http://www.hoovers.com/global/cobrands/nasdaq/factsheet.xhtml?ID=12603. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
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- ^ Laura Elder (2009-09-22). "After year in Webster, United Fire returns to isle". The Galveston County Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=b29af327396b0e96. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ a b Harvey Rice (2009-09-16). "UTMB coming back stronger from Ike". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/news/specials/hurricane/6622630.html. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ John DeLapp (2011-08-26). "UTMB gets OK to build new island hospital". The Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/story/253098. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
- ^ Scott Gonzales (2009-08-02). "UTMB emergency room reopens after Ike". The Galveston County Daily News. http://www.galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=d093128587d3bc01.
- ^ a b Laura Elder (2009-07-07). "Shriners vote to keep isle burns hospital open". The Galveston County Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?wcd=140378. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Elizabeth Allen (2009-07-10). "Shriners will keep hospitals open Galveston facility to reopen in a few weeks". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2009_4764200. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Hospitals Listed by Specialty". Shriners Hospitals for Children. Archived from the original on 2009-08-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20090826013034/http://www.shrinershq.org/Hospitals_by_Specialty.aspx. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ "Historic City, New Opportunities". Galveston Chamber of Commerce. http://www.galvestonchamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=204. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
- ^ "About The Galveston Symphony Orchestra". The Galveston Symphony Orchestra. http://www.galvestonsymphony.org/. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
- ^ "Galveston Ballet Home". http://raymondguy.com/gb/. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
- ^ "National Trust for Historic Preservation Announces 2009 List of America's 11 Most Dangered Historic Places". Reuters. 2009-04-28. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS75679+28-Apr-2009+PRN20090428. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ "Texas (TX), Galveston County". National Register of Historical Places. http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/tx/Galveston/state.html. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ "Galveston Grand 1894 Opera House". City of Houston eGovernment Center. http://www.houstontx.gov/events/grandoperahouse.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Bishop's Palace--South and West Texas". A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, US National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx48.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ Carmack, Liz. Historic Hotels of Texas, Texas A&M University Press: College Station, Texas, 2007. pp 47–49.
- ^ "Ashton Villa--South and West Texas". A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, US National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx49.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ Judy D. Schiebel. "ASHTON VILLA". Texas State Historical Society: Handbook of Texas. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/AA/gga4.html. Retrieved 2010-05-15.
- ^ "Ashton Villa". National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx49.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-15.
- ^ "1859 St. Joseph's Church". Galveston Historical Foundation. http://www.galvestonhistory.com/1859_St_Josephs_Church1.asp. Retrieved 2009-10-03. >
- ^ "More About the 1861 Custom House". Galveston Historical Foundation. http://www.galvestonhistory.org/1861_US_Custom_House1.asp. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Galveston During the Civil War". Institute of Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M University. http://nautarch.tamu.edu/projects/denbigh/galv01.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-03. [dead link]
- ^ "The Galveston County Daily News". Galvestondailynews.com. http://galvestondailynews.com/history.lasso. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
- ^ Leigh Jones (2009-03-10). "Island radio station making a comeback". The Galveston County Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=f78adc7f6fda4a10. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ a b "KHOU History". KHOU.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080611150228/http://www.khou.com/about/. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Lomax, John Nova. "On Da Lingo, Part II." Houston Press. Thursday November 17, 2005. Retrieved on October 26, 2011.
- ^ Merline Pitre. "Cuney, Norris Wright". The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/CC/fcu20.html. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ Baker, James Graham; Southwestern Historical Quarterly Vol CXIII; April, 2010
- ^ "Vidor, King Wallis". The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/VV/fvi15.html. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ "Johnson, Jack". The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/JJ/fjo14.html. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ Robert E. Baker. "Moody Foundation". The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/MM/vrm6.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Galveston, TX". The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/hdg1.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Aviation". The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/AA/epa2.html. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ "Tilman J. Fertitta". Forbes. http://people.forbes.com/profile/tilman-j-fertitta/48514. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ "Hutchison, Kathyrn Ann Bailey (Kay) - Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=h001016. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ R. C. S. Trahair (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 267–268. ISBN 978-0-313-31955-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=tFJLIIGVk10C&pg=PA267. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
- ^ Meyers, Rhiannon. "Jaworski replaces a tearful Thomas as mayor". Galveston Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/story/156595/. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "Fire Department." City of Galveston. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Galveston Police Department History". Galveston Police Department. http://www.galvestonpolice.net/History.html. Retrieved 2009-10-05. [dead link]
- ^ "Rosenber Library". Handbook of Texas, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/RR/lcr2.html. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "Rosenberg Library". Rosenberg-library.org. http://www.rosenberg-library.org/. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
- ^ "About the Rosenberg Library." Rosenberg Library. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Statistics, Galveston County". Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080617070859/http://www.bayareahouston.com/Home/DataCenter/CountyStats1/GalvestonCounty/. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ "Galveston County Justice Center." Galveston County, Texas. Accessed November 7, 2008.
- ^ "Precinct 1." Galveston County, Texas. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Welcome to the Galveston County Sheriff's Office Home Page." Galveston County Sheriff's Office. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Galveston County Sheriff's Office Corrections Bureau - Jail Division." Galveston County Sheriff's Office. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Facilities Overview." Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "District 23." Texas House of Representatives. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Senate District 17" Map. Senate of Texas. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Senate District 11" Map. Senate of Texas. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Map of Congressional District 14". National Atlas of the United States (nationalatlas.gov). http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/preview/congdist/tx14_109.gif. Retrieved 2009-10-04. [dead link]
- ^ "Southern District of Texas, Galveston Division". United States District and Bankruptcy Courts. http://www.txs.uscourts.gov/addresses/gal.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Southern District of Texas, History of the District". United States District and Bankruptcy Courts. http://www.txs.uscourts.gov/research/history.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Post Office Location - Bob Lyons." United States Postal Service. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Post Office Location - Galveston." United States Postal Service. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Nancy Beck Young. "Galveston Railway". Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/eqglc.html. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Galveston, Texas." Greyhound Lines. Accessed October 27, 2008.
- ^ Meghan Flynn (2009-08-01). "University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston: Stops for No Storm". Inside Healthcare. http://www.inside-healthcare.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2321&Itemid=31. Retrieved 2009-10-01. [dead link]
- ^ "Defining the Future of Health Care". UTMB Office of Public Affairs. http://www.utmb.edu/info.broadcast/PDFS/DefiningtheFuture8-10-09.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-01. [dead link]
- ^ "Texas A&M University, Galveston". Best Colleges - Education - US News and World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/galveston-tx/texas-a&m-galveston-10298. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ Rhiannon Meyers (2008-02-06). "GISD hopes magnet school attracts students". The Galveston County Daily News. http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=2001761dda6797b5. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ a b c "Galveston, Texas Private Schools". galveston.com. http://www.galveston.com/privateschools/. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Radcliffe, Jennifer. "New KIPP campuses have younger focus." Houston Chronicle. March 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Holy Family Parish Bulletin 02-14-2010
- ^ "Galveston's Sister Cities". City of Galveston. http://www.cityofgalveston.org/documents/SisterCitieslist707.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ http://www.femp.es/index.php/femp/content/download/4974/41927/file/070202%20con%20EUROPA%20v2.pdf
References[link]
- Larson, Erik. Isaac's Storm, New York: Vintage Books, 2000.
- Hardwick, Susan Wiley (2002). Mythic Galveston: reinventing America's third coast. JHU Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-8018-6887-4. http://books.google.com/?id=LuiiWEMyDzgC.
External links[link]
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- City of Galveston government site
- Galveston Island Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Galveston Chamber of Commerce
- The early history of Galveston, by Dr. J. O. Dyer, published 1916, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
- History of Galveston
- Bio of Isaac Monroe Cline
- Historical Galveston Architecture
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation).
| State of Texas | |||||
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| Nickname(s): The Lone Star State | |||||
| Motto(s): Friendship | |||||
 |
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| Official language(s) | No official language (see Languages spoken in Texas) |
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| Spoken language(s) | English 68.7% Spanish 27.0%[1] |
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| Demonym | Texan Texian (archaic) Tejano |
||||
| Capital | Austin | ||||
| Largest city | Houston | ||||
| Largest metro area | Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex[2] | ||||
| Area | Ranked 2nd in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 268,581[3] sq mi (696,241 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 773[4] miles (1,244 km) | ||||
| - Length | 790 miles (1,270 km) | ||||
| - % water | 2.5 | ||||
| - Latitude | 25° 50′ N to 36° 30′ N | ||||
| - Longitude | 93° 31′ W to 106° 39′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 2nd in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 25,674,681 (2011 est)[5] | ||||
| - Density | 98.1/sq mi (37.9/km2) Ranked 26th in the U.S. |
||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Guadalupe Peak[6][7][8] 8,751 ft (2667.4 m) |
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| - Mean | 1,700 ft (520 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Gulf of Mexico[7] sea level |
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| Before statehood | Republic of Texas | ||||
| Admission to Union | December 29, 1845 (28th) | ||||
| Governor | Rick Perry (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | David Dewhurst (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Texas Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Kay Bailey Hutchison (R) John Cornyn (R) |
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| U.S. House delegation | 23 Republicans, 9 Democrats (list) | ||||
| Time zones | |||||
| - most of state | Central: UTC −6/−5 | ||||
| - tip of West Texas | Mountain: UTC −7/−6 | ||||
| Abbreviations | TX Tex. US-TX | ||||
| Website | www.texas.gov | ||||
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi [9]) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas.[10] Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.[11]
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas.[12] Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the state capital. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify Texas as a former independent republic and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. The "Lone Star" can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal today.[13]
Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, Texas contains diverse landscapes that resemble both the American South and Southwest.[14] Although Texas is popularly associated with the Southwestern deserts, less than 10% of the land area is desert.[15] Most of the population centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests, and the coastline. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend.
The term "six flags over Texas" came from the several nations that had ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas. France held a short-lived colony in Texas. Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state. The state's annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state, Texas declared its secession from the United States in early 1861, joining the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. After the war and its restoration to the Union, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation.
One Texas industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle. Due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The state's economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated an economic boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy and high tech industry in the mid-20th century. As of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57.[16] With a growing base of industry, the state leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace, and biomedical sciences. It leads the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product.
Contents |
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state, behind Alaska, with an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2). It is 10% larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, though it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were a country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile and Zambia.
Texas is in the south-central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers. The Rio Grande river forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south. The Red River forms a natural border with Oklahoma and Arkansas to the north. The Sabine River forms a natural border with Louisiana to the east. The Texas Panhandle has an eastern border with Oklahoma at 100° W, a northern border with Oklahoma at 36°30' N and a western border with New Mexico at 103° W. El Paso lies on the state's western tip at 32° N and the Rio Grande.[17]
With 10 climatic regions, 14 soil regions, and 11 distinct ecological regions, regional classification becomes problematic with differences in soils, topography, geology, rainfall, and plant and animal communities.[18] One classification system divides Texas, in order from southeast to west, into the following: Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Basin and Range Province. The Gulf Coastal Plains region wraps around the Gulf of Mexico on the southeast section of the state. Vegetation in this region consists of thick piney woods. The Interior Lowlands region consists of gently rolling to hilly forested land and is part of a larger pine-hardwood forest. The Great Plains region in central Texas is located in spans through the state's panhandle and Llano Estacado to the state's hill country near Austin. This region is dominated by prairie and steppe. "Far West Texas" or the "Trans-Pecos" region is the state's Basin and Range Province. The most varied of the regions, this area includes Sand Hills, the Stockton Plateau, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands.
File:Lake Alan Henry.jpg
Lake Alan Henry
Texas has 3,700 named streams and 15 major rivers.[19][20] The largest of these rivers is the Rio Grande. Other major rivers include the Pecos, the Brazos, Colorado, and Red River, which forms the border with Oklahoma. While Texas has few natural lakes, Texans have built over 100 artificial reservoirs.[21]
The size and unique history of Texas make its regional affiliation debatable: it can be fairly considered a Southern or a Southwestern state, or both. The vast geographic, economic, and cultural diversity within the state itself prohibits easy categorization of the whole state into a recognized region of the United States. Notable extremes range from East Texas which is often considered an extension of the Deep South, to Far West Texas which is generally acknowledged to be part of the interior Southwest.
Geology[link]
Main article: Geology of Texas
Texas is the southernmost part of the Great Plains, which ends in the south against the folded Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. The continental crust forms a stable Mesoproterozoic craton which changes across a broad continental margin and transitional crust into true oceanic crust of the Gulf of Mexico. The oldest rocks in Texas date from the Mesoproterozoic and are about 1,600 million years old. These Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks underlie most of the state, and are exposed in three places: Llano uplift, Van Horn, and the Franklin Mountains, near El Paso. Sedimentary rocks overlay most of these ancient rocks. The oldest sediments were deposited on the flanks of a rifted continental margin, or passive margin that developed during Cambrian time. This margin existed until Laurasia and Gondwana collided in the Pennsylvanian subperiod to form Pangea. This is the buried crest of the Appalachian Mountains–Ouachita Mountains zone of Pennsylvanian continental collision. This orogenic crest is today buried beneath the Dallas–Waco—Austin–San Antonio trend.
The late Paleozoic mountains collapsed as rifting in the Jurassic period began to open the Gulf of Mexico. Pangea began to break up in the Triassic, but seafloor spreading to form the Gulf of Mexico occurred only in the mid and late Jurassic. The shoreline shifted again to the eastern margin of the state and the Gulf of Mexico passive margin began to form.
Today 9 miles (14 km) to 12 miles (19 km) of sediments are buried beneath the Texas continental shelf and a large proportion of remaining US oil reserves are located here. At the start of its formation, the incipient Gulf of Mexico basin was restricted and seawater often evaporated completely to form thick evaporite deposits of Jurassic age. These salt deposits formed salt dome diapirs, and are found in East Texas along the Gulf coast.[22]
East Texas outcrops consist of Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments which contain important deposits of Eocene lignite. The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sediments in the north; Permian sediments in the west; and Cretaceous sediments in the east, along the Gulf coast and out on the Texas continental shelf contain oil. Oligocene volcanic rocks are found in far west Texas in the Big Bend area. A blanket of Miocene sediments known as the Ogallala formation in the western high plains region is an important aquifer.[23] Located far from an active plate tectonic boundary, Texas has no volcanoes and few earthquakes.[24]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Texas
File:Map of Texas precipitations.jpg
Average annual precipitation in Texas
File:Map of Texas temperatures.jpg
Average annual temperature in Texas
The large size of Texas and its location at the intersection of multiple climate zones gives the state highly variable weather. The Panhandle of the state has colder winters than North Texas, while the Gulf Coast has mild winters. Texas has wide variations in precipitation patterns. El Paso, on the western end of the state, averages 8.7 inches (220 mm) of annual rainfall,[25] while parts of southeast Texas average as much as 64 inches (1,600 mm) per year.[26] Dallas in the North Central region averages a more moderate 37 inches (940 mm) per year.
Snow falls multiple times each winter in the Panhandle and mountainous areas of West Texas, once or twice a year in North Texas, and once every few years in Central and East Texas. Snow rarely falls south of San Antonio or on the coast except in rare circumstances. Of note is the 2004 Christmas Eve Snowstorm, when 6 inches (150 mm) of snow fell as far south as Kingsville, where the average high temperature in December is 65 °F.[27]
Maximum temperatures in the summer months average from the 80s °F (26 °C) in the mountains of West Texas and on Galveston Island to around 100 °F (38 °C) in the Rio Grande Valley, but most areas of Texas see consistent summer high temperatures in the 90 °F (32 °C) range.
Night-time summer temperatures range from the upper 50s °F (14 °C) in the West Texas mountains[28] to 80 °F (27 °C) in Galveston.[29]
Thunderstorms strike Texas often, especially the eastern and northern portions of the state. Tornado Alley covers the northern section of Texas. The state experiences the most tornadoes in the United States, an average of 139 a year. These strike most frequently in North Texas and the Panhandle.[30] Tornadoes in Texas generally occur in the months of April, May, and June.[31]
Some of the most destructive hurricanes in U.S. history have impacted Texas. A hurricane in 1875 killed approximately 400 people in Indianola, followed by another hurricane in 1886 that destroyed the town. These events allowed Galveston to take over as the chief port city. The Galveston hurricane of 1900 subsequently devastated that city, killing approximately 8,000 people (possibly as many as 12,000), making it the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Other devastating Texas hurricanes include the 1915 Galveston Hurricane, Hurricane Audrey in 1957 which killed over 600 people, Hurricane Carla in 1961, Hurricane Beulah in 1967, Hurricane Alicia in 1983, Hurricane Rita in 2005, and Hurricane Ike in 2008.[32] Tropical storms have also caused their share of damage: Allison in 1989 and again during 2001, and Claudette in 1979 among them.
Texas emits the most greenhouse gases in the U.S.[33][34][35] The state emits nearly 1.5 trillion pounds (680 billion kg) of carbon dioxide annually. As an independent nation, Texas would rank as the world's seventh-largest producer of greenhouse gases.[34] Causes of the state's vast greenhouse gas emissions include the state's large number of coal power plants and the state's refining and manufacturing industries.[34]
History[link]
Main article: History of Texas
| History of Texas | |
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 This article is part of a series |
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| Timeline | |
| French Texas (1684–1689) | |
| Spanish Texas (1690–1821) | |
| Mexican Texas (1821–1836) | |
| Republic of Texas (1836–1845) | |
| Statehood (1845–1860) | |
| Civil War Era (1861–1865) | |
| Reconstruction and Gilded Age (1865–1899) | |
| State of Texas | |
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Texas Portal |
Pre-European era[link]
Further information: Pre-Columbian Mexico
Texas lies between two major cultural spheres of Pre-Columbian North America: the Southwestern and the Plains areas. Archaeologists have found that three major indigenous cultures lived in this territory, and reached their developmental peak before the first European contact. These were:[36]
- the Pueblo from the upper Rio Grande region, centered west of Texas;
- the Mississippian culture, also known as Mound Builder, which extended along the Mississippi River Valley east of Texas; and
- the civilizations of Mesoamerica, centered south of Texas. Influence of Teotihuacan in northern Mexico peaked around AD 500 and declined over the 8th to 10th centuries.
No culture was dominant in the present-day Texas region, and many peoples inhabited the area.[36] Native American tribes that lived inside the boundaries of present-day Texas include the Alabama, Apache, Atakapan, Bidai, Caddo, Coahuiltecan, Comanche, Choctaw, Coushatta, Hasinai, Jumano, Karankawa, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Tonkawa, and Wichita.[37][38] The name Texas derives from táyshaʔ, a word in the Caddoan language of the Hasinai, which means "friends" or "allies".[3][39][40][41][42]
Whether a Native American tribe was friendly or warlike was critical to the fates of European explorers and settlers in that land.[43] Friendly tribes taught newcomers how to grow indigenous crops, prepare foods, and hunt wild game. Warlike tribes made life difficult and dangerous for Europeans through their attacks and resistance to the newcomers.[44]
Colonization[link]
The first historical document related to Texas was a map of the Gulf Coast, created in 1519 by Spanish explorer Alonso Álvarez de Pineda.[45][46] Nine years later, shipwrecked Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his cohort became the first Europeans in Texas.[47][48] Cabeza de Vaca reported that in 1528, when the Spanish landed in Texas, “half the natives died from a disease of the bowels and blamed us.”[49] European powers ignored Texas until accidentally settling there in 1685. Miscalculations by René Robert Cavelier de La Salle resulted in his establishing the colony of Fort Saint Louis at Matagorda Bay rather than along the Mississippi River.[50] The colony lasted only four years before succumbing to harsh conditions and hostile natives.[51]
In 1690 Spanish authorities, concerned that France posed competitive threat, constructed several missions in East Texas.[52] After Native American resistance, the Spanish missionaries returned to Mexico.[53] When France began settling Louisiana, mostly in the southern part of the state, in 1716 Spanish authorities responded by founding a new series of missions in East Texas.[54][55] Two years later, they created San Antonio as the first Spanish civilian settlement in Texas.[56]
Hostile native tribes and distance from nearby Spanish colonies discouraged settlers from moving to Texas. It was one of New Spain's least populated provinces.[57] In 1749, the Spanish peace treaty with the Lipan Apache[58] angered many tribes, including the Comanche, Tonkawa, and Hasinai.[59] The Comanche signed a treaty with Spain in 1785[60] and later helped to defeat the Lipan Apache and Karankawa tribes.[61][62] With more numerous missions being established, priests led a peaceful conversion of most tribes. By the end of the 18th century only a few nomadic tribes had not converted to Christianity.[63]
When the United States purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, American authorities insisted that the agreement also included Texas. The boundary between New Spain and the United States was finally set at the Sabine River in 1819.[64] Eager for new land, many United States settlers refused to recognize the agreement. Several filibusters raised armies to invade Texas.[65] In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence included the Texas territory, which became part of Mexico.[66] Due to its low population, Mexico made the area part of the state of Coahuila y Tejas.[67]
Hoping that more settlers would reduce the near-constant Comanche raids, Mexican Texas liberalized its immigration policies to permit immigrants from outside Mexico and Spain.[68] Under the Mexican immigration system, large swathes of land were allotted to empresarios, who recruited settlers from the United States, Europe, and the Mexican interior. The first grant, to Moses Austin, was passed to his son Stephen F. Austin after his death.
Austin's settlers, the Old Three Hundred, made places along the Brazos River in 1822.[69] Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state, the majority of whom were from the United States.[69][70] The population of Texas grew rapidly. In 1825, Texas had a population of approximately 3,500, with most of Mexican descent.[71] By 1834, Texas had grown to approximately 37,800 people, with only 7,800 of Mexican descent.[72]
Many immigrants openly flouted Mexican law, especially the prohibition against slavery. Combined with United States' attempts to purchase Texas, Mexican authorities decided in 1830 to prohibit continued immigration from the United States.[73] New laws also called for the enforcement of customs duties angering both native Mexican citizens (Tejanos) and recent immigrants.[74]
The Anahuac Disturbances in 1832 were the first open revolt against Mexican rule and they coincided with a revolt in Mexico against the nation's president.[75] Texians sided with the federalists against the current government and drove all Mexican soldiers out of East Texas.[76] They took advantage of the lack of oversight to agitate for more political freedom. Texians met at the Convention of 1832 to discuss requesting independent statehood, among other issues.[77] The following year, Texians reiterated their demands at the Convention of 1833.
Republic[link]
Main articles: Texas Revolution and Republic of Texas
Within Mexico, tensions continued between federalists and centralists. In early 1835, wary Texians formed Committees of Correspondence and Safety.[78] The unrest erupted into armed conflict in late 1835 at the Battle of Gonzales.[79] This launched the Texas Revolution, and over the next two months, the Texians successfully defeated all Mexican troops in the region.[80] Texians elected delegates to the Consultation, which created a provisional government.[81] The provisional government soon collapsed from infighting, and Texas was without clear governance for the first two months of 1836.[82][83]
During this time of political turmoil, Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna personally led an army to end the revolt.[84] The Mexican expedition was initially successful. General Jose de Urrea defeated all the Texian resistance along the coast culminating in the Goliad Massacre.[85] Santa Anna's forces, after a thirteen-day siege, overwhelmed Texian defenders at the Battle of the Alamo. News of the defeats sparked panic amongst Texas settlers.[86] The newly elected Texian delegates to the Convention of 1836 quickly signed a Declaration of Independence on March 2, forming the Republic of Texas. After electing interim officers, the Convention disbanded.[87] The new government joined the other settlers in Texas in the Runaway Scrape, fleeing from the approaching Mexican army.[86] After several weeks of retreat, the Texian Army commanded by Sam Houston attacked and defeated Santa Anna's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto.[88] Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign the Treaties of Velasco, ending the war.[89]
While Texas had won their independence, political battles raged between two factions of the new Republic. The nationalist faction, led by Mirabeau B. Lamar, advocated the continued independence of Texas, the expulsion of the Native Americans, and the expansion of the Republic to the Pacific Ocean. Their opponents, led by Sam Houston, advocated the annexation of Texas to the United States and peaceful co-existence with Native Americans. The conflict between the factions was typified by an incident known as the Texas Archive War.[90] Mexico launched two small expeditions into Texas in 1842. The town of San Antonio was captured twice and Texans were defeated in battle in the Dawson Massacre. Despite these successes, Mexico did not keep an occupying force in Texas, and the republic survived.[91] The republic's inability to defend itself added momentum to Texas's eventual annexation into the United States.
Statehood[link]
Main articles: Texas Annexation and Mexican American War
As early as 1837, the Republic made several attempts to negotiate annexation with the United States.[92] Opposition within the republic from the nationalist faction, along with strong abolitionist opposition within the United States, slowed Texas's admission into the Union. Texas was finally annexed when the expansionist James K. Polk won the election of 1844.[93] On December 29, 1845, Congress admitted Texas to the U.S. as a constituent state of the Union.[94]
After Texas's annexation, Mexico broke diplomatic relations with the United States. While the United States claimed that Texas's border stretched to the Rio Grande, Mexico claimed it was the Nueces River. While the former Republic of Texas could not enforce its border claims, the United States had the military strength and the political will to do so. President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor south to the Rio Grande on January 13, 1846. A few months later Mexican troops routed an American cavalry patrol in the disputed area in the Thornton Affair starting the Mexican-American War. The first battles of the war were fought in Texas: the Siege of Fort Texas, Battle of Palo Alto and Battle of Resaca de la Palma. After these decisive victories, the United States invaded Mexican territory ending the fighting in Texas.[95]
After a series of United States victories, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the two year war. In return, for US$18,250,000, Mexico gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, ceded the Mexican Cession in 1848, most of which today is called the American Southwest, and Texas's borders were established at the Rio Grande.[95]
The Compromise of 1850 set Texas's boundaries at their present form. Texas ceded its claims to land which later became half of present day New Mexico, a third of Colorado, and small portions of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming to the federal government, in return for the assumption of $10 million of the old republic's debt.[17] Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state.[96]
Civil War and Reconstruction[link]
Main article: Texas in the American Civil War
Texas was at war again after the election of 1860. Abraham Lincoln's election triggered South Carolina's declaration of secession from the Union, which was quickly followed by that of five other Lower South states. A State Convention considering secession opened in Austin on January 28, 1861. On February 1, by a vote of 166–8, the Convention adopted an Ordinance of Secession from the United States. Texas voters approved this Ordinance on February 23, 1861. Texas joined the Confederate States of America, ratifying the permanent C.S. Constitution on March 23, 1861.[3][97] Not all Texans favored secession initially, although many of the same would later support the Southern cause. Texas's most notable unionist was the state Governor, Sam Houston. Not wanting to aggravate the situation, Houston refused two offers from President Lincoln for Union troops to keep him in office. After refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, Houston was deposed as governor.[98]
While far from the major battlefields of the American Civil War, Texas contributed large numbers of men and equipment to the rest of the Confederacy.[99] Union troops briefly occupied the state's primary port, Galveston. Texas's border with Mexico was known as the "backdoor of the Confederacy" because trade occurred at the border, bypassing the Union blockade.[100] The Confederacy repulsed all Union attempts to shut down this route,[99] but Texas's role as a supply state was marginalized in mid-1863 after the Union capture of the Mississippi River. The final battle of the Civil War was fought near Brownsville, Texas at Palmito Ranch[101] with a Confederate victory.
Texas descended into anarchy for two months between the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia and the assumption of authority by Union General Gordon Granger. Violence marked the early months of Reconstruction.[102] Juneteenth commemorates the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Galveston by General Gordon Granger, over two and a half years after the original announcement.[103][104] President Johnson, in 1866, declared the civilian government restored in Texas.[105] Despite not meeting reconstruction requirements, Congress readmitted Texas into the Union in 1870. Social volatility continued as the state struggled with agricultural depression and labor issues.[106]
20th century to present[link]
On January 10, 1901, the first major oil well in Texas, Spindletop, was found south of Beaumont. Other fields were later discovered nearby in East Texas, West Texas, and under the Gulf of Mexico. The resulting "Oil Boom" transformed Texas.[107] Oil production eventually averaged three million barrels per day at its peak in 1972.[108]
The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl dealt a double blow to the state's economy, which had significantly improved since the Civil War. Migrants abandoned the worst hit sections of Texas during the Dust Bowl years. Especially from this period on, blacks left Texas in the Great Migration to get work in the Northern United States or California and to escape the oppression of segregation.[109] In 1940, Texas was 74% Anglo, 14.4% black, and 11.5% Hispanic.[110]
World War II had a dramatic impact on Texas, as federal money poured in to build military bases, munitions factories, POW detention camps and Army hospitals; 750,000 young men left for service; the cities exploded with new industry; the colleges took on new roles; and hundreds of thousands of poor farmers left for much better paying war jobs, never to return to agriculture.[111][112]
Texas modernized and expanded its system of higher education through the 1960s. The state created a comprehensive plan for higher education, funded in large part by oil revenues, and a central state apparatus designed to manage state institutions more efficiently. These changes helped Texas universities receive federal research funds.[113]
On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.[114]
Government and politics[link]
The current Texas Constitution was adopted in 1876. Like many states, it explicitly provides for a separation of powers. The state's Bill of Rights is much larger than its federal counterpart, and has provisions unique to Texas.[115]
State government[link]
Main article: Government of Texas
See also: List of Texas state agencies
Texas has a plural executive branch system limiting the power of the Governor. Except for the Secretary of State, voters elect executive officers independently; thus candidates are directly answerable to the public, not the Governor.[116] This election system has led to some executive branches split between parties. When Republican President George W. Bush served as Texas's governor, the state had a Democratic Lieutenant Governor, Bob Bullock. The executive branch positions consist of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller of Public Accounts, Land Commissioner, Attorney General, Agriculture Commissioner, the three-member Texas Railroad Commission, the State Board of Education, and the Secretary of State.[116]
The bicameral Texas Legislature consists of the House of Representatives, with 150 members, and a Senate, with 31 members. The Speaker of the House leads the House, and the Lieutenant Governor, the Senate.[117] The Legislature meets in regular session biennially, but the Governor can call for special sessions as often as desired.[118] The state's fiscal year spans from the previous calendar year's September 1 to the current year's August 31. Thus, the FY 2012 dates from September 1, 2011 through August 31, 2012.
The judicial system of Texas is one of the most complex in the United States, with many layers and overlapping jurisdictions. Texas has two courts of last resort: the Texas Supreme Court, for civil cases, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Except for some municipal benches, partisan elections select judges at all levels of the judiciary; the Governor fills vacancies by appointment.[119] Texas leads the nation in executions– 442 as of October 2009 (see Capital punishment in Texas).
The Texas Ranger Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety is a law enforcement agency with statewide jurisdiction. Over the years, the Texas Rangers have investigated crimes ranging from murder to political corruption. They have acted as riot police and as detectives, protected the Texas governor, tracked down fugitives, and functioned as a paramilitary force both for the republic and the state. The Texas Rangers were unofficially created by Stephen F. Austin in 1823 and formally constituted in 1835. The Rangers were part of several important events of Texas history and some of the best-known criminal cases in the history of the Old West.[120]
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Texas
Further information: Political party strength in Texas
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 55.48% 4,467,748 | 43.72% 3,521,164 |
| 2004 | 61.09% 4,526,917 | 38.30% 2,832,704 |
| 2000 | 59.30% 3,799,639 | 38.11% 2,433,746 |
| 1996 | 48.80% 2,736,166 | 43.81% 2,459,683 |
| 1992 | 40.61% 2,496,071 | 37.11% 2,281,815 |
| 1988 | 56.01% 3,036,829 | 43.41% 2,352,748 |
| 1984 | 63.58% 3,433,428 | 36.18% 1,949,276 |
| 1980 | 55.30% 2,510,705 | 41.51% 1,881,148 |
As in other "Solid South" states, whites resented the Republican Party after the American Civil War, and the Democratic Party dominated Texas politics from the end of Reconstruction until the late 20th century. The state has since become a Republican stronghold.[121]
The Texas political atmosphere leans towards fiscal and social conservatism.[122][123] Since 1980, most Texas voters have supported Republican presidential candidates. In 2000 and 2004, Republican George W. Bush won Texas with 60.1% of the vote, partly due to his "favorite son" status as a former Governor of the state. John McCain won the state in 2008, but with a smaller margin of victory compared to Bush at 55% of the vote. Austin consistently leans Democratic in both local and statewide elections. Counties along the Rio Grande generally vote for Democrats, while most rural and suburban areas of Texas vote Republican.[124][125]
The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by the Republican Tom Delay, was called by the New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering".[126] A group of Democratic legislators, the "Texas Eleven", fled the state in a quorum-busting effort.[127] Despite these efforts, the legislature passed a map heavily in favor of Republicans. Protests of the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, but the ruling went in the Republicans' favor.[128]
As of the general elections of 2010, a large majority of the members of Texas's U.S. House delegation are Republican, along with both U.S. Senators. In the 112th United States Congress, of the 32 Congressional districts in Texas, 23 are held by Republicans and 9 by Democrats. Texas's Senators are Kay Bailey Hutchison and John Cornyn. Since 1994, Texans have not elected a Democrat to a statewide office. The state's Democratic presence comes primarily from some minority groups in East Texas and South Texas as well as urban voters, particularly in Beaumont, El Paso, Austin, San Antonio, Dallas, and Houston.
Administrative divisions[link]
See also: List of Texas counties
Texas has 254 counties— the most nationwide. Each county runs on Commissioners' Court system consisting of four elected commissioners (one from each of four precincts in the county, roughly divided according to population) and a county judge elected at large from the entire county. County government runs similar to a "weak" mayor-council system; the county judge has no veto authority, but votes along with the other commissioners.
Although Texas permits cities and counties to enter "interlocal agreements" to share services, the state does not allow consolidated city-county governments, nor does it have metropolitan governments. Counties are not granted home rule status; their powers are strictly defined by state law. The state does not have townships— areas within a county are either incorporated or unincorporated. Incorporated areas are part of a municipality. The county provides limited services to unincorporated areas. Municipalities are classified either "general law" cities or "home rule".[129] A municipality may elect home rule status once it exceeds 5,000 population with voter approval. Municipal elections are nonpartisan[130] as are elections for school boards and community college districts.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Texas
As of 2010, Texas had a gross state product (GSP) of $1.207 trillion, the second highest in the U.S.[131] Its GSP is comparable to the GDP of India or Canada, which are the world's 12th- and 11th-largest economies, respectively. Texas' economy is the fourth-largest of any country subdivision globally, behind England (as part of the UK), California, and Tokyo Prefecture. Its Per Capita personal income in 2009 was $36,484, ranking 29th in the nation. Texas's large population, abundance of natural resources, thriving cities and leading centers of higher education have contributed to a large and diverse economy. Since oil was discovered, the state's economy has reflected the state of the petroleum industry. In recent times, urban centers of the state have increased in size, containing two-thirds of the population in 2005. The state's economic growth has led to urban sprawl and its associated symptoms.[132]
As of November 2011, the state's unemployment rate is 8.1%.[133]
Texas has a "low taxes, low services" reputation.[122] According to the Tax Foundation, Texans' state and local tax burdens rank among the lowest in the nation, 7th lowest nationally; state and local taxes cost $3,580 per capita, or 8.4% of resident incomes.[134] Texas is one of seven states that lack a state income tax.[134][135] Instead, the state collects revenue from a state property tax and sales tax, which is charged at the rate of 6.25%,[134][136] but local taxing jurisdictions (cities, counties, special purpose districts, and transit authorities) may also impose sales and use tax up to 2% for a total maximum combined rate of 8.25%.[137] Texas is a "tax donor state"; in 2005, for every dollar Texans paid to the federal government in federal income taxes, the state received approximately $0.94 in benefits.[134]
In 2010, Site Selection Magazine ranked Texas as the most business-friendly state in the nation, in part because of the state's three-billion-dollar Texas Enterprise Fund.[138] Texas has the joint-highest number of Fortune 500 company headquarters in the United States, along with California.[139][140]
In 2010, there were 346,000 millionaires in Texas, constituting the second-largest population of millionaires in the nation.[141][142]
Agriculture and mining[link]
File:West Texas Cotton.jpg
Cotton modules after being harvested in West Texas
Texas has the most farms and the highest acreage in the United States.[143] Texas leads the nation in livestock production.[143] Cattle is the state's most valuable agricultural product, and the state leads nationally in production of sheep and goat products. Texas leads the nation in production of cotton.[143] The state grows significant amounts of cereal crops and produce.[143] Texas has a large commercial fishing industry. With mineral resources, Texas leads in creating cement, crushed stone, lime, salt, sand and gravel.[143]
Energy[link]
Ever since the discovery of oil at Spindletop, energy has been a dominant force politically and economically within the state.[144] According to the Energy Information Administration, Texans consume the most energy in the nation per capita and as a whole.[145] Unlike the rest of the nation, most of Texas is on its own alternating current power grid, the Texas Interconnection. Texas has a deregulated electric service.
The Railroad Commission of Texas, contrary to its name, regulates the state's oil and gas industry, gas utilities, pipeline safety, safety in the liquefied petroleum gas industry, and surface coal and uranium mining. Until the 1970s, the commission controlled the price of petroleum because of its ability to regulate Texas's oil reserves. The founders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) used the Texas agency as one of their models for petroleum price control.[146]
Texas has known petroleum deposits of about 5 billion barrels (790,000,000 m3), which makes up approximately one-fourth of the known U.S. reserves.[145] The state's refineries can process 4.6 million barrels (730,000 m3) of oil a day.[145] The Baytown Refinery in the Houston area is the largest refinery in America.[145] Texas also leads in natural gas production, producing one-fourth of the nation's supply.[145] Several petroleum companies are based in Texas such as: Conoco-Phillips, Exxon-Mobil, Halliburton, Valero, and Marathon Oil.
The state is a leader in renewable energy sources; it produces the most wind power in the nation.[145][147] The Roscoe Wind Farm in Roscoe, Texas, is the world's largest wind farm as of October 2009 with a 781.5 megawatt (MW) capacity.[148] The Energy Information Administration states that the state's large agriculture and forestry industries could give Texas an enormous amount biomass for use in biofuels. The state also has the highest solar power potential for development in the nation.[145]
Technology[link]
With large universities systems coupled with initiatives like the Texas Enterprise Fund and the Texas Emerging Technology Fund, a wide array of different high tech industries have developed in Texas. The Austin area is nicknamed the "Silicon Hills" and the north Dallas area the "Silicon Prairie". Texas has the headquarters of many high technology companies, such as Dell, Inc., Texas Instruments, Perot Systems, Rackspace and AT&T.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (NASA JSC) located in Southeast Houston, sits as the crown jewel of Texas's aeronautics industry. Fort Worth hosts both Lockheed Martin's Aeronautics division and Bell Helicopter Textron.[149][150] Lockheed builds the F-16 Fighting Falcon, the largest Western fighter program, and its successor, the F-35 Lightning II in Fort Worth.[151]
Commerce[link]
Texas's affluence stimulates a strong commercial sector consisting of retail, wholesale, banking and insurance, and construction industries. Examples of Fortune 500 companies not based on Texas traditional industries are AT&T, Kimberly-Clark, Blockbuster, J. C. Penney, Whole Foods Market, and Tenet Healthcare.[152] Nationally, the Dallas–Fort Worth area, home to the second shopping mall in the United States, has the most shopping malls per capita of any American metropolitan area.[153]
Mexico, the state's largest trading partner, imports a third of the state's exports because of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA has encouraged the formation of controversial maquiladoras on the Texas/Mexico border.[154]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Texas
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Texas was 25,674,681 on July 1, 2011, a 2.10% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[5] The state's rate of natural increase (births and deaths) since the last census was 1,389,275 people, immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 801,576 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 451,910 people.[3] As of 2004, the state had 3.5 million foreign-born residents (15.6 percent of the state population), of which an estimated 1.2 million are illegal aliens. Texas from 2000–2006 had the fastest growing illegal immigration rate in the nation.[155] In 2010, illegal aliens constituted an estimated 6.0% of the population. This was the fifth highest percentage of any state in the country.[156][157]
Texas's population density is 34.8 persons/km2 which is slightly higher than the average population density of the US as a whole, at 31 persons/km2. In contrast, while Texas and France are similarly sized geographically, the European country has a population density of 116 persons/km2.
Two-thirds of all Texans live in a major metropolitan area such as Houston. The Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area is the largest in Texas. While Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest city in the United States, the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area is considerably larger than that of Houston.
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 212,592 |
|
|
| 1860 | 604,215 | 184.2% | |
| 1870 | 818,579 | 35.5% | |
| 1880 | 1,591,749 | 94.5% | |
| 1890 | 2,235,527 | 40.4% | |
| 1900 | 3,048,710 | 36.4% | |
| 1910 | 3,896,542 | 27.8% | |
| 1920 | 4,663,228 | 19.7% | |
| 1930 | 5,824,715 | 24.9% | |
| 1940 | 6,414,824 | 10.1% | |
| 1950 | 7,711,194 | 20.2% | |
| 1960 | 9,579,677 | 24.2% | |
| 1970 | 11,196,730 | 16.9% | |
| 1980 | 14,229,191 | 27.1% | |
| 1990 | 16,986,510 | 19.4% | |
| 2000 | 20,851,820 | 22.8% | |
| 2010 | 25,145,561 | 20.6% | |
Race and ethnicity[link]
According to the 2010 United States census, the racial and ethnic composition of Texas was the following:
- White: 70.4% (Non-Hispanic Whites: 45.3%)
- Black or African American: 11.8%
- Native American: 0.7%
- Asian: 3.8% (1.0% Indian, 0.8% Vietnamese, 0.6% Chinese, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.2% Pakistani, 0.07% Japanese, 0.05% Laotian, 0.05% Cambodian)
- Pacific Islander: 0.1% (0.02% Guamanian, 0.01% Samoan, 0.01% Tongan, 0.01% Native Hawaiian)
- Some other race: 10.5%
- Two or more races: 2.7%
- Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 37.6% (31.6% Mexican, 0.5% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban)
White Americans are the racial majority in Texas. However, non-Hispanic whites represent roughly 48% of the population; therefore, Texas is a minority-majority state. Just over 17,020,000 Texans are white (both non-Hispanic and Hispanic), and roughly 11.4 million are non-Hispanic whites. German, Irish, and English Americans are the three largest European ancestry groups in Texas. German Americans make up 11.3% of the population, and number over 2.7 million members. Irish Americans make up 8.2% of the population, and number over 1.9 million members. There are roughly 600,000 French Americans and 472,000 Italian Americans residing in Texas; these two ethnic groups make up 2.5% and 2.0% of the population respectively. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Texas was English with 3,083,323 Texans citing that they were of English or mostly English ancestry making them 27% of the state at the time.[158] Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominately English stock.
Black Americans are the largest racial minority in Texas. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 11.5% of the population; blacks of non-Hispanic origin form 11.3% of the populace. Black Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin number at roughly 2.7 million individuals.
Native Americans are a smaller minority in the state. Native Americans make up 0.5% of Texas' population, and number over 118,000 individuals. Native Americans of non-Hispanic origin make up 0.3% of the population, and number over 75,000 individuals. Cherokee Indians made up 0.1% of the population, and numbered over 19,400 members. In contrast, only 583 were identified as Chippewa.
Asian Americans are a sizable minority group in Texas. Americans of Asian descent form 3.8% of the population, with those of non-Hispanic descent making up 3.7% of the populace. Altogether, they number over 808,000 individuals. Non-Hispanic Asians number over 795,000. Just over 200,000 Indians make Texas their home. Texas is also home to over 187,000 Vietnamese and 136,000 Chinese. In addition to 92,000 Filipinos and 62,000 Koreans, there are 18,000 Japanese Americans living in the state. Lastly, over 111,000 people are of other Asian ancestry groups, such as Cambodian, Thai, and Hmong. Sugar Land, a city within the Houston metropolitan area, and Plano, located within the Dallas metropolitan area, both have high concentrations of Chinese and Korean residents. The Houston and Dallas areas, and to a lesser extent, the Austin metropolitan area, all contain substantial Vietnamese communities.
Americans with origins from the Pacific are the smallest minority in Texas. According to the survey, only 18,000 Texans are Pacific Islanders; 16,400 are of non-Hispanic descent. There are roughly 5,400 Native Hawaiians, 5,300 Guamanians, and 6,400 people from other groups. Samoan Americans were very scant; only 2,920 people were from this group. The city of Euless, a suburb of Fort Worth, contains a sizable population of Tongan Americans, at nearly 900 people, over one percent of the city's population. Killeen has a sufficient population of Samoans and Guamanian, and people of Pacific Islander descent surpass one percent of the city's population.
Multiracial individuals are also a visible minority in Texas. People of multiracial heritage form 1.9% of the population, and number over 448,000 people. Almost 80,000 Texans claim European and African heritage, and make up 0.3% of the population. People of European and Native American heritage number over 108,800 (close to the number of Native Americans), and make up 0.5% of the population. People of European and Asian heritage number over 57,600, and form just 0.2% of the population. People of African and Native American heritage were even smaller in number (15,300), and make up just 0.1% of the total population.
Hispanics and Latinos are the second largest group in Texas after non-Hispanic European Americans. Over 8.5 million people claim Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This group forms 36% of Texas' population. People of Mexican descent alone number over 7.3 million, and make up 30.7% of the population. Over 104,000 Puerto Ricans live in the state. Roughly 38,000 Cubans reside in the state. Over 1.1 million people (4.7% of the population) are of varying Hispanic and Latino ancestries, such as Costa Rican, Venezuelan, and Argentine.[159][160]
German descendants inhabit much of central and southeast-central Texas. Over one-third of Texas residents are of Hispanic origin;[161] while many have recently arrived, some Tejanos have ancestors with multi-generational ties to 18th century Texas. In addition to the descendants of the state's former slave population, many African American college graduates have come to the state for work recently in the New Great Migration.[162] Recently, the Asian population in Texas has grown—primarily in Houston and Dallas. Other communities with a significantly growing Asian American population is in Austin, Corpus Christi, and the Sharyland area next McAllen, Texas. Currently, three federally recognized Native American tribes reside in Texas: the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe, the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe, and the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo.[38]
In 2010, 49% of all births were Hispanics; 35% were non-Hispanic whites; 11.5% were non-Hispanic blacks, and 4.3% were Asians/Pacific Islanders.[163] Based on Census Bureau data released at Medio February 2011, for the first time in recent history, Texas' white population is below 50 percent (45 percent) and Hispanics grew to 38 percent. Between 2000 and 2010, the total population growth by 20.6 percent, but Hispanics growth by 65 percent, whereas non-Hispanic whites only grew by 4.2 percent.[164]
Cities and towns[link]
See also: List of cities in Texas, List of counties in Texas, List of Texas metropolitan areas, and Population of Texas cities in 2000
The state has three cities with populations exceeding one million: Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas.[165] These three rank among the 10 most populous cities of the United States. As of 2000, six Texas cities had populations greater than 500,000 people. Austin, Fort Worth, and El Paso are among the 25 largest U.S. cities. Texas has four metropolitan areas with populations greater than a million: Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, San Antonio–New Braunfels, and Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos. The Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston metropolitan areas number about 6.3 million and 5.7 million residents, respectively. Three interstate highways—I-35 to the west (Dallas–Fort Worth to San Antonio, with Austin in between), I-45 to the east (Dallas to Houston), and I-10 to the south (San Antonio to Houston) define the Texas Urban Triangle region. The region of 60,000 square miles (160,000 km2) contains most of the state's largest cities and metropolitan areas as well as 17 million people, nearly 75 percent of Texas's total population.[166] Houston and Dallas have been recognized as beta world cities.[167] These cities are spread out amongst the state. Texas has 254 counties, which is more than any state by 95 (Georgia).[168]
In contrast to the cities, unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty.[169] As of 2007, Texas had at least 2,294 colonias, located primarily along the state's 1,248-mile (2,008 km) border with Mexico.[169] Texas has the largest concentration of people, approximately 400,000, living in colonias.
|
Largest cities or towns of Texas Source:[170] |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | County | Pop. | ||||||
 Houston |
1 | Houston | Harris | 2,099,451 |  Dallas |
||||
| 2 | San Antonio | Bexar | 1,327,407 | ||||||
| 3 | Dallas | Dallas | 1,197,816 | ||||||
| 4 | Austin | Travis | 790,390 | ||||||
| 5 | Fort Worth | Tarrant | 741,206 | ||||||
| 6 | El Paso | El Paso | 649,121 | ||||||
| 7 | Arlington | Tarrant | 365,438 | ||||||
| 8 | Corpus Christi | Nuences | 305,215 | ||||||
| 9 | Plano | Collin | 259,841 | ||||||
| 10 | Laredo | Webb | 236,091 | ||||||
Religion[link]
| Religion[171] | |
|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 28% |
| Baptist | 21% |
| No religion | 11% |
| Methodist | 8% |
| Christian—Others | 7% |
| Lutheran | 3% |
| Pentecostal | 3% |
| Presbyterian | 2% |
| Non-denominational | 2% |
| Mormon | 2% |
| Episcopalian | 1% |
| Islam | 1% |
| Jehovah's Witnesses | 1% |
| Assemblies of God | 1% |
| Church of God | 1% |
| Other | 2% |
The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2000 were the Roman Catholic Church with 4,368,969; the Southern Baptist Convention with 3,519,459; and the United Methodist Church with 1,022,342.[172]
Known as the buckle of the Bible Belt, East Texas is socially conservative.[173] Dallas-Fort Worth is home to three major evangelical seminaries and a host of monasteries. Lakewood Church in Houston, boasts the largest attendance in the nation averaging more than 43,000 weekly.[174] Lubbock, according to local lore, has the most churches per capita in the nation.[173]
Adherents of many non-Christian religions reside predominantly in the urban centers of Texas. In 1990, the Islamic population stood at approximately 140,000 with more recent figures putting the current population of Muslims between 350,000 to 400,000.[175] The Jewish population stands at around 128,000.[176] Approximately 146,000 adherents of non-Abrahamic religions such as Hinduism and Sikhism live in Texas.[177]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Texas
See also: List of people from Texas and List of Texas symbols
Historically, the whole of Texas culture comes from a blend of Southern (Dixie), Western (frontier), and Southwestern (Mexican/Anglo fusion) influences, varying in degrees of such from one intrastate region to another. A popular food item, the breakfast burrito, draws from all three, having a soft flour tortilla wrapped around bacon and scrambled eggs or other hot, cooked fillings. Adding to Texas's traditional culture, established in the 18th and 19th centuries, immigration has made Texas a melting pot of cultures from around the world.
Arts[link]
Further information: Music of Texas
Houston is one of only five American cities with permanent professional resident companies in all of the major performing arts disciplines: the Houston Grand Opera, the Houston Symphony Orchestra, the Houston Ballet, and The Alley Theatre.[178] Known for the vibrancy of its visual and performing arts, the Houston Theatre District—a 17-block area in the heart of Downtown Houston— ranks second in the country in the number of theater seats in a concentrated downtown area, with 12,948 seats for live performances and 1,480 movie seats.[178]
Founded in 1892, Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, also called "The Modern", is Texas's oldest art museum. Fort Worth also has the Kimbell Art Museum, the Amon Carter Museum, the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame, the Will Rogers Memorial Center, and the Bass Performance Hall downtown. The Arts District of Downtown Dallas has arts venues such as the Dallas Museum of Art, the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, the Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House, the Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art, and the Nasher Sculpture Center.[179]
The Deep Ellum district within Dallas became popular during the 1920s and 1930s as the prime jazz and blues hotspot in the Southern United States. The name Deep Ellum comes from local people pronouncing "Deep Elm" as "Deep Ellum".[180] Artists such as Blind Lemon Jefferson, Robert Johnson, Huddie "Leadbelly" Ledbetter, and Bessie Smith played in early Deep Ellum clubs.[181]
Austin, The Live Music Capital of the World, boasts "more live music venues per capita than such music hotbeds as Nashville, Memphis, Los Angeles, Las Vegas or New York City."[182] The city's music revolves around the nightclubs on 6th Street; events like the film, music, and multimedia festival South by Southwest; the longest-running concert music program on American television, Austin City Limits; and the Austin City Limits Music Festival held in Zilker Park.[183]
Since 1980, San Antonio has evolved into the "The Tejano Music Capital Of The World."[184] The Tejano Music Awards have provided a forum to create greater awareness and appreciation for Tejano music and culture.[185]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Texas
The second president of the Republic of Texas, Mirabeau B. Lamar, is the Father of Texas Education. During his term, the state set aside three leagues of land in each county for equipping public schools. An additional 50 leagues of land set aside for the support of two universities would later become the basis of the state's Permanent University Fund.[186] Lamar's actions set the foundation for a Texas-wide public school system.[187] Texas ranked 29th in the American Legislative Exchange Council's Report Card on American Education. Texas students ranked higher than average in mathematics, but lower in reading. Between 2006–2007, Texas spent $7,275 per pupil ranking it below the national average of $9,389. The pupil/teacher ratio was 14.9, below the national average of 15.3. Texas paid instructors $41,744, below the national average of $46,593. The state provided 88.0% of the funding for education, the federal government 12.0%.[188]
The Texas Education Agency (TEA) administers the state's public school systems. Texas has over 1,000 school districts- all districts except the Stafford Municipal School District are independent from municipal government and many cross city boundaries.[189] School districts have the power to tax their residents and to assert eminent domain over privately owned property. Due to court-mandated equitable school financing for school districts, the state has a controversial tax redistribution system called the"Robin Hood plan". This plan transfers property tax revenue from wealthy school districts to poor ones.[190] The TEA has no authority over private or home school activities.[191]
Students in Texas take the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) in primary and secondary school. TAKS assess students' attainment of reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies skills required under Texas education standards and the No Child Left Behind Act. In spring 2007, Texas legislators replaced the TAKS for freshmen in the 2011–2012 school year and onward with End of Course exams for core high school classes.[192]
Colleges and universities[link]
Further information: List of colleges and universities in Texas
Texas's controversial alternative affirmative action plan, Texas House Bill 588, guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities. The bill encourages diversity while avoiding problems stemming from the Hopwood v. Texas (1996) case.
Six state university systems and four independent public universities exist in Texas.[193][194] Discovery of minerals on Permanent University Fund land, particularly oil, has helped fund the rapid growth the state's largest university systems: University of Texas and Texas A&M. The PUF principal in fall 2005 was approximately $15 billion, second in size only to Harvard University's endowment.[186][195] The other four university systems are the University of Houston, the University of North Texas, Texas State, and Texas Tech.
Texas has three nationally recognized top-tier public research universities: The University of Texas at Austin, Texas A&M University, and the University of Houston.[196][197][198][199] The University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University are flagship universities of the state of Texas. Both were established by the Texas Constitution and hold stakes in the Permanent University Fund. The state has been putting effort to expand the number of flagship universities by elevating some of its seven institutions designated as "emerging research universities." The two that are expected to emerge first are the University of Houston and Texas Tech University, likely in that order according to discussions during the 82nd Texas Legislature.[200]
The state is home to many private institutions ranging from liberal arts colleges to a nationally recognized top-tier research university. Rice University in Houston is one of the leading teaching and research universities of the United States and is ranked the nation's 17th-best overall university by U.S. News & World Report.[201]
Sam Houston State University was the first college established in Texas specifically for training teachers. Sam Houston State is located in Huntsville, Texas, which is were Texas Hero Sam Houston died. Additionally, Trinity University, a private, primarily undergraduate liberal arts university in San Antonio, has ranked first among universities granting primarily bachelor's and select master's degrees in the western United States for 20 consecutive years by U.S. News.[202] The former republic chartered the private universities Baylor University, University of Mary Hardin–Baylor, and Southwestern University.[203][204]
Universities in Texas currently host two presidential libraries: George Bush Presidential Library at Texas A&M University and the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum at The University of Texas at Austin. An agreement has been reached to create a third; the George W. Bush Presidential Library at Southern Methodist University.
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Healthcare[link]
See also: List of hospitals in Texas
The Commonwealth Fund ranks the Texas healthcare system the third worst in the nation.[205] Texas ranks close to last in access to healthcare, quality of care, avoidable hospital spending, and equity among various groups.[205] Causes of the state's poor rankings include politics, a high poverty rate, and the highest rate of illegal immigration in the nation.[155] In May 2006, Texas initiated the program "code red" in response to the report that the state had 25.1% of the population without health insurance, the largest proportion in the nation.[206] Texas also has controversial non-economic damages caps for medical malpractice lawsuits, set at $250,000, in an attempt to "curb rising malpractice premiums, and control escalating healthcare costs".[207]
The Trust for America's Health ranked Texas 15th highest in adult obesity, with 27.2% of the state's population measured as obese.[208] The 2008 Men's Health obesity survey ranked four Texas cities among the top 25 fattest cities in America; Houston ranked 6th, Dallas 7th, El Paso 8th, and Arlington 14th.[209] Texas had only one city, Austin, ranked 21st, in the top 25 among the "fittest cities" in America.[209] The same survey has evaluated the state's obesity initiatives favorably with a "B+".[209] The state is ranked forty-second in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise.[210]
Medical research[link]
Many elite research medical centers are located in Texas. The state has nine medical schools,[211] three dental schools,[212] and two optometry schools.[213] Texas has two Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories: one at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston,[214] and the other at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antonio—the first privately owned BSL-4 lab in the United States.[215]
The Texas Medical Center in Houston, holds the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions, with 47 member institutions.[216] Texas Medical Center performs the most heart transplants in the world.[217] The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston is a highly regarded academic institution that centers around cancer patient care, research, education and prevention.[218]
San Antonio's South Texas Medical Center facilities rank sixth in clinical medicine research impact in the United States.[219] The University of Texas Health Science Center is another highly ranked research and educational institution in San Antonio.[220][221]
Both the American Heart Association and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center call Dallas home. The Southwestern Medical Center ranks "among the top academic medical centers in the world".[222] The institution's medical school employs the most medical school Nobel laureates in the world.[222][223]
Environment[link]
Texas emits far more greenhouse gases than any other state, with Port Arthur having some of the dirtiest air in the United States. In 2010, there were 2,553 "emission events" which poured 44.6 million pounds of contaminants in the Texas sky.[224]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Texas
Texans have historically had difficulties traversing Texas due to the state's large size and rough terrain. Texas has compensated by building both America's largest highway and railway systems in terms of length. The regulatory authority, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) maintains the state's immense highway system, regulates aviation,[225] and public transportation systems.[226] Located centrally in North America, the state is an important transportation hub. From the Dallas/Fort Worth area, trucks can reach 93% of the nation's population within 48 hours, and 37% within 24 hours.[227] Texas has 33 foreign trade zones (FTZ), the most in the nation.[228] In 2004, a combined total of $298 billion of goods passed though Texas FTZs.[228]
Highways[link]
Main article: Texas state highways
Texans have heavily traveled their freeways since the 1948 opening of the Gulf Freeway in Houston.[229] As of 2005, 79,535 miles (127,999 km) of public highway crisscrossed Texas (up from 71,000 miles (114,263 km) in 1984).[230] To fund recent growth in the state highways, Texas has 17 toll roads (see list) with several additional tollways proposed.[231] In west Texas, both I-10 and I-20 have speed limits of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h), the highest in the nation.[232] All federal and state highways in Texas are paved.
In March 2011, Texas ranked as a bottom-ten "Worst" state (tied with Montana and North Dakota) in the American State Litter Scorecard, presented at the American Society for Public Administration national conference. Public roadways in the Lone Star State suffer from an overall poor quality of landscape cleanliness, attributed to ineffective roadside and adjacent property litter/debris abatement standards, seemingly politicized procedural efforts, and other relevant public performance indicators.[233]
Airports[link]
See also: List of airports in Texas
Texas has 730 airports, second most of any state in the nation. Largest in Texas by size and passengers served, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) is the second largest by area in the United States, and fourth in the world with 18,076 acres (73.15 km2).[234] In traffic, DFW is the busiest in the state and the fourth in the United States,[235] and sixth worldwide.[236] AMR Corporation's American / American Eagle, the world's third largest airline in total passengers-miles transported (after Delta and United) and passenger fleet size,[237] uses DFW as its largest and main hub. Southwest Airlines, also headquartered in Dallas, has its operations currently at Dallas Love Field.[238] It ranks as the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried.[239]
Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) with. It serves as Houston based Continental Airlines's largest hub. IAH offers service to the most Mexican destinations of any U.S. airport.[240][241] The next four largest airports in the state all serve over 4 million passengers annually; they include:Austin-Bergstrom International Airport, William P. Hobby Airport, San Antonio International Airport, and Dallas Love Field. The smallest airport in the state to be designated an international airport is Del Rio International Airport.
Ports[link]
Main article: List of ports in the United States
Around 1,150 seaports dot Texas's coast with over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of channels.[242] Ports employ nearly one-million people and handle an average of 317 million metric tons.[243] Texas ports connect with the rest of the U.S. Atlantic seaboard with the Gulf section of the Intracoastal Waterway.[242] The Port of Houston today is the busiest port in the United States in foreign tonnage, second in overall tonnage, and tenth worldwide in tonnage.[244] The Houston Ship Channel currently spans 530 feet (160 m) wide by 45 feet (14 m) deep by 50 miles (80 km) long.[245]
Railroads[link]
See also: List of Texas railroads
Part of the state's tradition originates from cattle drives in which drovers herded livestock to railroads in Kansas. The first railroad to operate in Texas was the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway, opening in August 1853.[246] The first railroad to enter Texas from the north, completed in 1872, was the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad.[247] Since 1911, Texas has led the nation in railroad length. Texas railway length peaked in 1932 at 17,078 miles (27,484 km), but declined to 14,006 miles (22,540 km) by 2000. While the Railroad Commission of Texas originally regulated state railroads, in 2005 the state reassigned these duties to TxDOT.[248]
Both Dallas and Houston feature light rail systems. Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) built the first light rail system in the Southwest United States.[249] The Trinity Railway Express (TRE) commuter rail service that links Fort Worth and Dallas is provided by the Fort Worth Transportation Authority (the T) and DART.[250] In the Austin area Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates a commuter rail service known as Capital MetroRail to the northwestern suburbs. The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) operates light rail lines in the Houston area.
Amtrak provides Texas limited intercity passenger rail service both in size and frequency. Just three scheduled routes serve the state: the daily Texas Eagle (Chicago–San Antonio); the tri-weekly Sunset Limited (New Orleans–Los Angeles), with stops in Texas; and the daily Heartland Flyer (Fort Worth–Oklahoma City).
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Terminal D at DFW Airport in Dallas.
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Terminal E at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston.
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Port of Houston along the Houston Ship Channel
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METRORail in Houston
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DART Rail in Dallas
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Texas
Further information: List of Texas sports teams, and List of University Interscholastic League events
While American football has long been considered "king" in the state, Texans today enjoy a wide variety of sports.[251]
Texans can cheer for a plethora of professional sports teams. Within the "Big Four" professional leagues, Texas has two NFL teams (the Dallas Cowboys and the Houston Texans), two Major League Baseball teams (the Texas Rangers and the Houston Astros), three NBA teams (the Houston Rockets, the San Antonio Spurs, and the Dallas Mavericks), and one National Hockey League team (the Dallas Stars). The Dallas – Fort Worth Metroplex is one of only thirteen American metropolitan areas that hosts sports teams from all the "Big Four" professional leagues. Outside of the "Big Four" leagues, Texas also has one WNBA team (the San Antonio Silver Stars) and two Major League Soccer teams (the Houston Dynamo and FC Dallas).
Collegiate athletics have deep significance in Texas culture, especially football. The state has ten Division I-FBS schools, the most in the nation. Four of the state's universities, the Baylor Bears, Texas Longhorns, Texas A&M Aggies, and Texas Tech Red Raiders, compete in the major athletics conference in the area, the Big 12 Conference. The TCU Horned Frogs will join the Big 12 in the summer of 2011, while Texas A&M Aggies depart for the Southeastern Conference. The Houston Cougars and the SMU Mustangs will join the Big East Conference in 2013. Four of the state's schools claim at least one national championship in football: the Texas Longhorns, the Texas A&M Aggies, the TCU Horned Frogs, and the SMU Mustangs.
According to a survey of Division I-A coaches the rivalry between the University of Oklahoma and the University of Texas, the Red River Shootout, ranks the third best in the nation.[252] The TCU Horned Frogs and SMU Mustangs also share a rivalry and compete annually in the Battle for the Iron Skillet. A fierce rivalry, the Lone Star Showdown, also exists between the state's two largest universities, Texas A&M University and the University of Texas. The athletics portion of the Lone Star Showdown rivalry will be put on hold when the Texas A&M Aggies join Southeastern Conference.
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) organizes most primary and secondary school competitions. Events organized by UIL include contests in athletics (the most popular being high school football) as well as artistic and academic subjects.[253]
Texans also enjoy the rodeo. The world's first rodeo was hosted in Pecos, Texas.[254] The annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo is the largest rodeo in the world. It begins with trail rides that originate from several points throughout the state that convene at Reliant Park.[255] The Southwestern Exposition and Livestock Show in Fort Worth is the oldest continuously running rodeo incorporating many of the state's most historic traditions into its annual events. Dallas hosts the State Fair of Texas each year at Fair Park.[256]
From 2012 Austin will play host to a round of the Formula 1 World Championship[257]—the first at a permanent road circuit in the United States since the 1980 Grand Prix at Watkins Glen International
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Cowboys Stadium, home of the Dallas Cowboys.
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2006 Lone Star Showdown football game at Darrell K. Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium
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Playoff game between the San Antonio Spurs and the Los Angeles Lakers in 2007.
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The Ballpark in Arlington, home of the Texas Rangers.
See also[link]
- Outline of Texas
- Index of Texas-related articles
- Gulf of Mexico
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Texas
- List of people from Texas
- US state
Footnotes[link]
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- ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Estimates". US Census. April 4, 2007. http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/CBSA-est2006-pop-chg.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Facts". Texas Almanac. 2008. http://www.texasalmanac.com/facts/. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ^ "Environment". Texas Almanac. 2008. Archived from the original on March 17, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080317214833/http://www.texasalmanac.com/environment/. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "El Capitan". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=CD0994. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ "Alabama Dictionary". http://www.ling.unt.edu/~montler/Alabama/Dictionary/. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- ^ Texas, origin of name Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Announces 2010 Census Population Counts – Apportionment Counts Delivered to President". Press Release. U.S. Census Bureau. December 21, 2010. http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ^ Teja, Jesús de la. "New Philippines". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/usn01.
- ^ "Introduction to Texas". Netstate.com. http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/tx_intro.htm. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ Sansom, Andrew: Water in Texas: An Introduction, University of Texas Press, 2008, pg. 25
- ^ Dingus, Anne: The dictionary of Texas misinformation, Gulf Publishing Company, 1987
- ^ CNN.com, Retrieved November 2010.
- ^ a b Compromise of 1850 from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "Tx Envionmental Profiles". Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080603175718/http://www.texasep.org/html/lnd/lnd_1reg.html. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
- ^ "Rivers in Texas". Tpwd.state.tx.us. November 16, 2007. http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/habitats/rivers/. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ Hal P. Bybee. "Handbook of Texas Rivers". Tshaonline.org. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/RR/rnr7.html. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ "Alphabetical List of Texas Lakes". Tpwd.state.tx.us. January 28, 2010. http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/fishboat/fish/recreational/lakes/lakelist.phtml. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
- ^ Muzzafar, Asif. Timing of Diapir Growth and Cap Rock Formation, Davis Hill Salt Dome, Coastal Texas [1] The Geological Society of America. . Retrieved July 22, 2008.
- ^ "Ogallala Aquifer". North Plains Groundwater Conservation District. http://www.npwd.org/new_page_2.htm. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
- ^ "Earthquakes". Jackson School of Geosciences – University of Texas. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080501011850/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/compendium/earthquakes.htm. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
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- ^ "Monthly Averages for Galveston, Texas". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTX0499?from=search. Retrieved October 15, 2008.
- ^ NOOA.gov National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on October 24, 2006.
- ^ Weather from the Handbook of Texas Online Accessed July 22, 2008
- ^ Blake, Eric S.; Rappaport, Edward N., Landsea, Christopher W. (April 15, 2007). "The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006" (PDF). National Weather Service: National Hurricane Center. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (June 4, 2007). "Blame Coal: Texas Leads in Overall Emissions". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2007-06-04-state-emissions_N.htm. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
- ^ a b c "Texas No. 1 producer of greenhouse gases". Associated Press. Dallas Morning News. June 3, 2007. http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/stories/060307dnnatemissions.3c1df3a.html. Retrieved June 11, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Texas Is No. 1 Carbon Polluter In U.S.". CBS News. Associated Press. January 16, 2008. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/16/tech/main3720823.shtml?source=RSSattr=SciTech_3720823.
- ^ a b Richardson (2005), p. 9.
- ^ Richardson (2005), pp 10–16
- ^ a b Native Americans from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Fry, Phillip L.. "Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. ","". http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/TT/pft4.html. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ^ Richardson, p 1
- ^ "Texas". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Texas. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
- ^ Wallace Chafe, p.c.
- ^ Richardson, p 10
- ^ Rupert N. Richardson, Adrian Anderson, Cary D. Wintz & Ernest Wallace, Texas: the Lone Star State, 9th edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 0131835505, pp.10–16
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 243.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 34.
- ^ Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Spanish Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ "The Journey of Alvar Nuńez Cabeza de Vaca"
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 149.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 83.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 89.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 155.
- ^ Chipman (1992), pp. 111–112.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 160.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 163.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 205.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 193.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 189.
- ^ Weddle (1995), p. 163.
- ^ Weddle (1995), p. 164.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 200.
- ^ Chipman (1992), p. 202.
- ^ Weber (1992), pp. 291–299.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 46.
- ^ Weber (1992), p. 300.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), p. 162.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), p. 164.
- ^ a b Manchaca (2001), p. 198.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), p. 199.
- ^ Edmondson (2000), p. 75.
- ^ Manchaca (2001), pp. 172, 201.
- ^ Edmondson (2000), p. 78.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 77.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 85.
- ^ Davis (2006), pp. 86–9.
- ^ Davis (2006), p. 92.
- ^ Huson (1974), p. 4.
- ^ Hardin (1994), p. 12.
- ^ Barr (1990), p. 64.
- ^ Winders (2004), p. 72.
- ^ Winders (2004), pp. 90, 92.
- ^ Hardin (1994), p. 109.
- ^ Hardin (1994), p. 102.
- ^ Roell, Craig. Battle of Coleto. Handbook of Texas. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/CC/qec1.html.
- ^ a b Todish et al. (1998), p. 68.
- ^ Roberts and Olson (2001), p. 144.
- ^ Todish et al. (1998), p. 69.
- ^ Todish et al. (1998), p. 70.
- ^ "The Archives War". Texas Treasures- The Republic. The Texas State Library and Archives Commission. November 2, 2005. http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/treasures/republic/archwar/archwar.html. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ Calvert, R.; De Léon, A.; Cantrell, G. (2002). The History of Texas. Wheeling, Illinois: Harlan Davidson
- ^ Richard Bruce Winders, Crisis in the Southwest: The United States, Mexico, and the Struggle over Texas (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002), p. 41.
- ^ Buescher, John. "Senatorial Division", Teachinghistory.org, accessed August 21, 2011.
- ^ Annexation from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ a b Mexican War from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Cotton Culture from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Secession Convention from the Handbook of Texas Online
- ^ Sam Houston from the Handbook of Texas Online Accessed January 14, 2009
- ^ a b Civil War from the Handbook of Texas Online Accessed January 14, 2009
- ^ Federal Writers' Project (December, 1997). Texas, A Guide to the Lone Star State: Brownsville. Native American Books Distributor. p. 206. ISBN 0-403-02192-8. http://books.google.com/?id=zUI26u0B_VEC&pg=PA206&lpg=PA206&dq=texas+back+door+confederacy.
- ^ Battle of Palmito Ranch from the Handbook of Texas Online
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- ^ Cal Jillson (2011). "Texas Politics: Governing the Lone Star State". Taylor & Francis. p.11. ISBN 0-415-89060-8
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- ^ Second to California
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- ^ behind Nevada, Arizona, California, and New Jersey
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References[link]
- Chipman, Donald E. (1992). Spanish Texas, 1519–1821. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-77659-4.
- Davis, William C. (2006). Lone Star Rising. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-532-5. originally published 2004 by New York: Free Press
- Edmondson, J.R. (2000). The Alamo Story-From History to Current Conflicts. Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press. ISBN 1-55622-678-0.
- Hendrickson, Kenneth E., Jr. (1995). The Chief of Executives of Texas: From Stephen F. Austin to John B. Connally, Jr.. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-641-9.
- Hardin, Stephen L. (1994). Texian Iliad. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73086-1.
- Huson, Hobart (1974). Captain Phillip Dimmitt's Commandancy of Goliad, 1835–1836: An Episode of the Mexican Federalist War in Texas, Usually Referred to as the Texian Revolution. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co..
- Lack, Paul D. (1992). The Texas Revolutionary Experience: A Political and Social History 1835–1836. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-497-1.
- Manchaca, Martha (2001). Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans. The Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long Series in Latin American and Latino Art and Culture. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-75253-9.
- Todish, Timothy J.; Todish, Terry; Spring, Ted (1998). Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press. ISBN 978-1-57168-152-2.
- report of President's Commission on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. (1992). The Warren Commission Report. Warren Commission Hearings. IV. National Archives. ISBN 0-312-08257-6. http://www.jfk-assassination.de/warren/index.php.
- Weber, David J. (1992). The Spanish Frontier in North America. Yale Western Americana Series. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05198-0.
- Weddle, Robert S. (1995). Changing Tides: Twilight and Dawn in the Spanish Sea, 1763–1803. Centennial Series of the Association of Former Students Number 58. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-661-3.
- Winders, Richard Bruce (2004). Sacrificed at the Alamo: Tragedy and Triumph in the Texas Revolution. Military History of Texas Series: Number Three. Abilene, TX: State House Press. ISBN 1-880510-80-4.
External links[link]
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- Texas at the Open Directory Project
- The Texas State History Museum
- The Handbook of Texas Online—Published by the Texas State Historical Association
- Texas Register, hosted by the University of North Texas Libraries
- Texas travel guide from Wikitravel
- South and West Texas: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
- Texas Heritage Society
Geographic data related to Texas at OpenStreetMap- View historical photographs at the University of Houston Digital Library.
- State government
- The State of Texas
- Texas State Databases—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Texas state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
- Texas Politics. An online textbook from the College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas.
- U.S. Government
- Energy Profile for Texas- Economic, environmental, and energy data
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Texas
- Texas State Facts
- South and West Texas, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
| Preceded by Florida |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on December 29, 1845 (28th) |
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Coordinates: 31°N 100°W / 31°N 100°W / 31; -100
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Galveston ( /ˈɡælvɨstən/) is a coastal city located on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census[update], the city had a total population of 47,743 within an area of 208 square miles (540 km2). Located within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, the city is the seat and second-largest city of Galveston County in population.
Named after Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, Galveston's first European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816. The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its successful independence from Spain. The city served as the main port for the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution and later served as the capital of the Republic of Texas.
During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the United States. Galveston is known for the hurricane that devastated the city in 1900. The natural disaster that followed still counts as the deadliest in American history.
