- published: 14 Jul 2009
- views: 11325
- author: Seth Hynes
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- Ahe
- Ahunui
- Akamaru Island
- Akiaki
- Amanu
- Anaa
- Angakauitai
- Anuanuraro
- Anuanurunga
- Anuta
- Apataki
- Aratika
- Archaeological
- Archaeologist
- Archipelago
- Arutua
- Atoll
- Atolls
- Aukena
- Austral Islands
- Banaba Island
- Biosphere reserve
- Breadfruit
- Christianity
- Coconut
- Communes of France
- Cook Islands
- Copra
- Culture
- Domingo de Bonechea
- Easter Fracture Zone
- Easter Island
- Emae
- Endemism
- Faaite
- Fakahina
- Fakarava
- Fangatau
- Fangataufa
- Fanny Van de Grift
- Ferdinand Magellan
- France
- French language
- French Polynesia
- Gambier Islands
- Geography
- Geology
- Germany
- Hao Group
- Haraiki
- Hawaiian Islands
- Headline
- Hereheretue
- Hikueru
- Hikueru Group
- Hiti
- Inca Empire
- Insect
- Isla Salas y Gómez
- Island
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- Jack London
- Jacob Le Maire
- Jakob Roggeveen
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- John Byron
- Kapingamarangi
- Katiu
- Kauehi
- Kaukura
- King George Islands
- Kiribati
- Kon-Tiki
- Kouaku
- Lau Islands
- Lizard
- Loyalty Islands
- Makapu
- Makaroa
- Makatea
- Makemo
- Mangareva
- Mangarevan language
- Manihi
- Manuhangi
- Manui
- Maria Est
- Marokau
- Marquesan language
- Marquesas Islands
- Marutea (North)
- Marutea (South)
- Marutea Nord
- Marutea Sud
- Mataiva
- Matureivavao
- Mekiro
- Mele (island)
- Missionary
- Moruroa
- Motutunga
- Napuka
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- Nautical mile
- Nengonengo
- Netherlands
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- Niau
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- Nuclear weapons
- Nuguria
- Nukumanu Islands
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- Tepoto Nord
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- Toau
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Acteon Group
The Acteon Group (Groupe Actéon) is a subgroup of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It is located about 1,400 km south-southeast of Tahiti and southeast of the main Tuamotu atoll cluster and is rather isolated. (Latitude: 21° 17' 60 S, Longitude: 136° 29' W).
The Acteon Group includes four atolls of relatively small size:
None of the islands on these atolls have permanent inhabitants.
The first recorded European to sight the Acteon Group was Pedro Fernández de Quirós on February 5, 1605. He described the group as "four islands crowned by coconut palms". On the different texts describing his voyage, the islands are named "Las Cuatro Coronadas", "Las Cuatro Hermanas" or "Las Anegadas".
In 1833 the captain of a Tahitian trading vessel visited the group and named it "Amphitrite" after his own ship. In 1983 these atolls were struck by a cyclone.
Administratively the four atolls of the Acteon group belong to the commune of the Gambier Islands.
Coordinates: 21°22′59″S 136°34′59″W / 21.383°S 136.583°W / -21.383; -136.583
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Ahe
Ahe, Ahemaru or Omaru, is an almost entirely-enclosed coral atoll, located in the northern Tuamotu Archipelago, just 14 km to the west of Manihi, in French Polynesia.
Ahe Atoll's ring shape is broken by only a single small passage into the lagoon. Length 23.5 km, width 12.2 km. Latitude 14° 30'; Longitude S 146° 20' W.
Ahe Atoll has 441 inhabitants. The only village in Ahe is Tenukupara with approximately 100 inhabitants. It is located on an island in the south side of the Atoll.
Geographically Ahe Atoll is part of the King George Islands (Iles du Roi Georges) subgroup, which includes Ahe, Manihi, Takapoto, Takaroa and Tikei.
There are several pearl farms in Ahe's lagoon.
The first recorded Europeans to arrive to Ahe Atoll were Dutch mariners Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire in 1616.
Ahe was later visited by the historic United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842.Charles Wilkes called the atoll "Peacock Island" after one of the ships of the expedition. This atoll has sometimes suffered damages caused by cyclones.
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Ahunui
Coordinates: 19°37′S 140°23′W / 19.617°S 140.383°W / -19.617; -140.383
Ahunui or Nga-taumanga is a small atoll of the eastern Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 55 km SSE of Paraoa Atoll and 120 km WSW of Vairaatea.
Ahunui Atoll is roughly circular in shape and measures 6.5 km across. Its lagoon is totally encircled by the reef, so that it is not connected to the ocean by a pass. The islands have coconut plantations on them.
Ahunui Atoll is permanently uninhabited, but it is visited occasionally by neighboring islanders. The rarer pipi oysters (Pinctada maculata) are found in its lagoon.
The first recorded European who arrived to Ahunui Atoll was British mariner Frederick William Beechey. He named it "Byam Martin" after Admiral of the Fleet Sir Thomas Byam Martin.
Ahunui belongs to the commune of Hao (Main village: Otepa), which includes Ahunui (uninhabited), Nengonengo, Manuhangi (uninhabited) and Paraoa (uninhabited).
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Akiaki
Coordinates: 18°33′S 139°13′W / 18.55°S 139.217°W / -18.55; -139.217
Akiaki is a low coral atoll in the eastern area of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Akiaki's nearest neighbor is Vahitahi, which is located 41 km to the southeast.
Akiaki is a small atoll rising barely above sea level. The total land surface is only 1.3 km². Its reef is occupied by a single flat island covered with coconut trees and other vegetation. There is no lagoon and it has only a difficult landing located on its northwestern side.
Akiaki is uninhabited, but is visited occasionally for its coconut plantations.
The first recorded European that arrived to Akiaki Atoll was Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768. He called this atoll Ile des Lanciers. James Cook reached Akiaki the following year, during his first voyage, and named it Thrum Island.
Akiaki lies on top of a small seamount which is part of the Tuamotu Seamount Trail on the Pacific Plate. Akiaki's seamount is 3420 m high.
Administratively Vahitahi Atoll belongs to the commune of Nukutavake, which includes Nukutavake, as well as the atolls of Vahitahi, Vairaatea, Pinaki and Akiaki.
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Anuanuraro
Coordinates: 20°26′S 143°33′W / 20.433°S 143.55°W / -20.433; -143.55
Anuanuraro is an atoll in French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, a subgroup of the Tuamotu group. Anuanuraro's nearest neighbor is Anuanurunga, which is located about 29 km to the southeast.
Anuanuraro is a small atoll. It measures 5.3 km in length, with a maximum width of 3,2 km. Its shape is roughly square and its lagoon is totally enclosed by the fringing reef.
Anuanuraro Atoll is uninhabited.
The first recorded European to sight Anuanuraro Atoll was British naval officer and explorer Philip Carteret in 1767. He named this atoll "Archangel".
Formerly Ananuararo Atoll belonged to Robert Wan, the wealthy Tahitian pearl trader. It was bought back by the government of French Polynesia in March 2002.
This atoll has airfield which was built by Wan's company, Wan-Polynésie. It was opened in 1982 but is now in disuse.
Administratively the four atolls of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, including the uninhabited ones of Anuanuraro, Anuanuruga and Nukutepipi, belong to the commune of Hereheretue, which is associated to the Hao commune.
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Anuanurunga
Coordinates: 20°36′S 143°24′W / 20.6°S 143.4°W / -20.6; -143.4
Anuanurunga is an atoll in French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, a subgroup of the Tuamotu group. Anuanurunga's nearest neighbor is Nukutepipi, which is located about 22 km to the ESE.
Anuanurunga is a very small atoll. It is ring-shaped, measuring approximately 3.3 km in diameter. Its reef is quite broad, enclosing completely the small lagoon. There are four relatively large islands on its reef, as well as a few small motu.
Anuanurunga Atoll is uninhabited.
The first recorded European to sight Anuanurunga Atoll was British naval officer and explorer Philip Carteret in 1767. He named this atoll "Four Crowns".
Administratively the four atolls of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, including the uninhabited ones of Anuanuruga, Anuanuraro and Nukutepipi, belong to the commune of Hereheretue, which is associated to the Hao commune.
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Apataki
Apataki is a coral atoll in the South Pacific Ocean, territorially part of French Polynesia. It is one of the Palliser Islands, a subgroup of the Tuamotu Archipelago. Apataki is located approximately 370 kilometres northeast of the island of Tahiti. Its wide lagoon has two navigable passes to enter it.
Apataki Atoll has 430 inhabitants. The main village is called Niutahi.
The first recorded European to sight Apataki Atoll was Dutch navigator Jakob Roggeveen in 1722. It was visited by James Cook in 1774.
Apataki appears in some maps as "Hagemeister Island".
There is a territorial (domestic) airfield in Apataki which was inaugurated in 1977.
Administratively, Apataki Atoll is part of the commune of Arutua.
Apataki has an airport but no tourism industry. The only main industry of the island is cultured Tahitian (black) pearls. The coconut palm, which forms the basis for copra (dried coconut) production, used to be of special economic importance to the islanders. On a few islands, the residents cultivate vanilla. Agriculture is generally limited to simple subsistence. Pandanus leaves are traditionally woven together as roof thatch (although corrugated sheet metal is also used today), as well as for other items such as mats and hats.
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Aratika
Aratika is an atoll in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. The nearest land is Kauehi Atoll, located 35 km to the south east.
Aratika has an unusual butterfly shape. Its length is 20.8 km and its maximum width 10.7 km. The lagoon is wide and deep, and can be entered by two navigable passes.
Aratika has 240 inhabitants. The main village is called Paparara.
Aratika appears in some maps as "Carlshoff Island". This atoll was visited by the Charles Wilkes expedition on September 3 1839.
There is a private airfield in this atoll which opened in 1998. It is owned by the Fourcade company.
Aratika Atoll belongs to the commune of Fakarava, which consists of Fakarava, as well as the atolls of Aratika, Kauehi, Niau, Raraka, Taiaro and Toau.
Coordinates: 15°29′S 145°30′W / 15.483°S 145.5°W / -15.483; -145.5
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Austral Islands
Coordinates: 23°0′S 150°0′W / 23°S 150°W / -23; -150
The Austral Islands (French: Îles Australes or Archipel des Australes) are the southernmost group of islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the South Pacific. Geographically, they consist of two separate archipelagos, namely in the northwest the Tubuai Islands (French: Îles Tubuaï) consisting of the Îles Maria, Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai Island proper and Raivavae or Raevavae, and in the southeast the Bass Islands (French: Îles basses) composed of the main island of Rapa Iti and the small Marotiri. The islands of Maria and Marotiri are not suitable for sustained habitation. Several of the islands have uninhabited islets or rocks off their coastlines. Austral Islands' population is about 6,300 on almost 150 km2. The capital of the Austral Islands administrative subdivision is Tubuai.
The Austral Islands (French: Îles Australes or Archipel des Australes) are the southernmost group of islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the South Pacific. Geographically, the Austral Islands consist of two separate archipelagos. From northwest to southeast they are:
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Cook Islands
The Cook Islands (
i/ˈkʊk ˈaɪləndz/; Cook Islands Māori: Kūki 'Āirani) is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand. The 15 small islands have a total land area of 240 square kilometres (92.7 sq mi), but the Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers 1,800,000 square kilometres (690,000 sq mi) of ocean.
The main population centres are on the island of Rarotonga (14,153 in 2006), where there is an international airport. There is a much larger population of Cook Islanders in New Zealand, particularly the North Island. In the 2006 census, 58,008 self-identified as being of ethnic Cook Island Māori descent.
With about 100,000 visitors travelling to the islands in the 2010-11 financial year,tourism is the country's main industry, and the leading element of the economy, far ahead of offshore banking, pearls, and marine and fruit exports.
Defence and foreign affairs are the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands. In recent times, the Cook Islands have adopted an increasingly independent foreign policy. Although Cook Islanders are citizens of New Zealand, they have the status of Cook Islands nationals, which is not given to other New Zealand citizens.
wn.com/Cook_Islands -
Easter Island
Coordinates: 27°7′S 109°22′W / 27.117°S 109.367°W / -27.117; -109.367
Easter Island (Rapa Nui: Rapa Nui, Spanish: Isla de Pascua) is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle. A special territory of Chile that was annexed in 1888, Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapanui people. It is a World Heritage Site (as determined by UNESCO) with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. In recent times the island has served as a warning of the cultural and environmental dangers of overexploitation. Ethnographers and archaeologists also blame diseases carried by European colonizers and slave raiding of the 1860s for devastating the local peoples.
Easter Island is claimed to be the most remote inhabited island in the world.
The name "Easter Island" was given by the island's first recorded European visitor, the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, who encountered it on Easter Sunday 1722, while searching for Davis or David's island. Roggeveen named it Paasch-Eyland (18th century Dutch for "Easter Island"). The island's official Spanish name, Isla de Pascua, also means "Easter Island".
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Faaite
Faaite, or Faaiti, is an atoll of the Tuamotus in French Polynesia. It is located 60 km to the north of Anaa Atoll. The total surface of the atoll is 230 km². Its dry land area is 9 km². Its length is 28 km and its width 10.5 km.
Faaite's inner lagoon has a navigable channel to the ocean. The main village is Hitianau, with a total population of 246.
The first recorded European to arrive to Faaite Atoll was John Turnbull in 1802. Turnbull was the first retailer of the Pacific who used the route of Tahiti to Hawaii.
Russian oceanic explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen visited Faaite in 1820 on the ships Vostok and Mirni. He named this atoll "Miloradovich".
This atoll reached a measure of fame after the "Bûchers de Faaite" affair. On September 2 1987 six persons were thrown into the fire (some of them by their own children) because the islanders were convinced that they were possessed by the devil.
There is a territorial (domestic) airfield in Faaite which was inaugurated in 1992.
Administratively Faaite belongs to the commune of Anaa, which includes the inhabited atoll of Faaite and the uninhabited atolls of Tahanea and Motutunga.
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Fakahina
Fakahina, or Kaīna, is a small atoll in the west of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. The nearest land is Fangatau Atoll, located 72 km to the WNW.
Fakahina Atoll's length is 9 km and its maximum width 6.3 km. There is no pass connecting the lagoon with the ocean.
Fakahina has 140 inhabitants. The main village is Tarione.
The ancient Ma'ohi people used this atoll as a site for sacrifices.
The first recorded European to arrive to Fakahina Atoll was Otto von Kotzebue, sailing in the service of the Russian tsars, in 1824. This atoll appears as "Predpriati" in some maps.
Part of the population of Fakahina was moved to Puka-Puka to work in the production of copra.
There is a territorial (domestic) airfield in Fakahina which was inaugurated in 1985.
Fakahina belongs to the commune of Fangatau, which consists of Fangatau Atoll, as well as the atoll and associated commune of Fakahina.
Coordinates: 15°59′S 140°11′W / 15.983°S 140.183°W / -15.983; -140.183
wn.com/Fakahina -
France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
wn.com/France -
French Polynesia
French Polynesia (i/ˈfrɛntʃ pɒlɨˈniːʒə/; French: Polynésie française, pronounced: [pɔlinezi fʁɑ̃sɛz]; Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas country of the French Republic (pays d'outre-mer). It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory (Papeetē). Although not an integral part of its territory, Clipperton Island was administered from French Polynesia until 2007.
The island groups that make up French Polynesia were not officially united until the establishment of the French protectorate in 1889. The first of these islands to be settled by indigenous Polynesians were the Marquesas Islands in AD 300 and the Society Islands in AD 800. The Polynesians were organized in loose chieftainships.
European communication began in 1521 when the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sighted Pukapuka in the Tuāmotu-Gambier Archipelago. Dutchman Jakob Roggeveen came across Bora Bora in the Society Islands in 1722, and the British explorer Samuel Wallis visited Tahiti in 1767. The French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville visited Tahiti in 1768, while the British explorer James Cook visited in 1769. Christian missions began with Spanish priests who stayed in Tahiti for a year from 1774; Protestants from the London Missionary Society settled permanently in Polynesia in 1797.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Haraiki
Coordinates: 17°28′S 143°28′W / 17.467°S 143.467°W / -17.467; -143.467
Haraiki is a small atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 42 km southwest of Marutea Nord.
Haraiki Atoll is roughly triangular in shape. It measures 7 km in length with a maximum width of 5 km. There are three islets on its reef with a total land area of about 4 km². Its lagoon has a pass facing south.
Haraiki is purportedly uninhabited. However, Google Maps reveals there is a small collection of buildings on the north shore (-17.446343,-143.455739) and that the bulk of the land on all three islets has been heavily planted with a grid-like patchwork of trees or large shrubs.
The first recorded European to sight Haraiki Atoll was Spanish navigator Domingo de Boenechea on October 31 1772 on ship Aguila. He named this atoll "San Quintín".
Haraiki belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Hereheretue
Coordinates: 19°52′S 144°58′W / 19.867°S 144.967°W / -19.867; -144.967
Hereheretue is an atoll in French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. It is the northernmost island of the Duke of Gloucester Islands group, or Îles du Duc de Gloucester, a subgroup of the Tuamotu group. Hereheretue's nearest neighbor is Anuanuraro, which is located about 150 km away.
Hereheretue Atoll has a roughly trapezoidal shape. Its lagoon is quite deep and has an area of 29 km². The broad reef completely encloses the lagoon, so that there is no navigable passage to enter it.
Hereheretue is the only permanently inhabited atoll of the group. It had a population of 57 at the census of 2002. They all live on the largest islet forming the southeast corner of the atoll, in a village facing the lagoon. However, an examination of the atoll using GoogleEarth showed at least 20 structures on the western islet.
Administratively the four atolls of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, including Anuanuraro, Anuanurunga and Nukutepipi, belong to the commune of Hereheretue, which is associated with the Hao commune.
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Hiti
Hiti, or Hiti-rau-mea, is a small atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 19 km southwest of Makemo Atoll.
Hiti Atoll is oval in shape. It measures 9 km in length with a maximum width of 6 km. There are some narrow islands on the northern side of its reef with a total land area of about 3 km². The southern part of the reef is broader but has no islands. Hiti's lagoon is not connected to the ocean by a pass.
The small group formed by Hiti, Tepoto Sud and Tuanake is also known as the "Raevski Atolls". The Tuamotu Reed Warbler and the Polynesian Ground Dove are found in this area.
Hiti Atoll is permanently uninhabited.
The first recorded European to arrive to Hiti Atoll was Russian oceanic explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820.
Hiti belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Isla Salas y Gómez
Isla Salas y Gómez, also known as Isla Sala y Gómez, is a small uninhabited Chilean island in the Pacific Ocean. It is the easternmost point in the Polynesian Triangle. Administratively, it is part of the Easter Island Commune in the Easter Island Province of the Valparaíso Region.
Isla Salas y Gómez and its surrounding waters are a Marine Protected Area called Parque Marino Sala y Gómez, with a surface area of 150.000 km2.
Isla Salas y Gómez is located 3,210 km west of the Chilean mainland, 2,490 km west of Chile's Desventuradas Islands, and 390 km east-northeast of Easter Island, the closest landmass. Salas y Gómez consists of two rocks, a smaller one in the west measuring 4 hectare in area (270 meters north-south, 200 meters east-west), and a larger one in the east measuring 11 ha (500 meters north-south, 270 meters east-west), which are connected by a narrow isthmus in the north, averaging approximately 30 meters in width. The total area is approximately 15 hectares (0.15 km²), and the total length northwest-southeast is 770 meters. Its highest point, 30 meters above sea level, is in the south of the eastern rock, less than 30 meters from the shore, above a 10 meter high cliff. The highest elevation on the western rock is 26 meters.
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Katiu
Katiu, or Taungataki, is an atoll of the central Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 23.5 km west of Makemo Atoll's westernmost point.
Katiu Atoll is roughly oval in shape. It measures 27 km in length with a maximum width of 12.5 km. Its total area, including the lagoon is 235 km² and a land area of approximately 10km2. There are many narrow islands on the north-eastern side of its long reef with a total land area of about 3 km². Its lagoon is connected to the ocean.
Katiu has a population of 262 inhabitants. The main occupations are tourism, copra harvesting and pearl diving in the lagoon. The most important village is called Toini; it is located on one of the long islands of the northeastern reef.
The first recorded European to arrive to Katiu was Russian oceanic explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820 on ships Vostok and Mirni. He named this atoll "Osten-Saken" or "Saken".
There is a territorial (domestic) airfield in Katiu which was inaugurated in 2001.
Katiu belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Kauehi
Kauehi, or Putake, is an atoll in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. The nearest land is Raraka Atoll, located 17 km to the Southeast.
Kauehi Atoll is roughly kidney-shaped and has a wide lagoon; length 23 km, width 17 km. Kauehi's lagoon has one navigable pass.
Kauehi Atoll has 671 inhabitants. The main village is called Tearavero.
Even though Kauehi Atoll was probably well-known to the pearl traders, the first recorded European to visit it was the Beagle's captain Robert FitzRoy in 1835.
Kauehi was later visited by the historic United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842. Charles Wilkes called the atoll "Vincennes" after his ship.
There is a territorial (domestic) airfield in Kauehi which was inaugurated in 2001.
Kauehi Atoll belongs to the commune of Fakarava, which consists of Fakarava, as well as the atolls of Aratika, Kauehi, Niau, Raraka, Taiaro and Toau.
Coordinates: 15°52′S 145°08′W / 15.867°S 145.133°W / -15.867; -145.133
Kauehi fue descubierto por Fitz-Roy en 1835, aunque probablemente ya era conocido por los comerciantes de perlas. Era conocido con el nombre de Vincennes.
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Kaukura
Coordinates: 15°39′S 146°53′W / 15.65°S 146.883°W / -15.65; -146.883
Kaukura is an atoll in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia, 48 km (30 mi) long and 15 km (9.3 mi) wide. It is located in the western area of the archipelago, 58 km (36 mi) SW of Rangiroa. The closest land is Arutua Atoll, only 16 km (9.9 mi) to the East.
Kaukura Atoll is elongated, with a length of 46 km (29 mi) and a maximum width of 14 km (8.7 mi). The northern reef rim is narrow, while the southern is broad. There are two groups of 65 islets. The surface of Kaukura's lagoon is 436 km2 (168 sq mi). It has only one navigable pass cutting through the reef.
The most important island is Motu Panao, located in the Northwest of the Atoll. Kaukura has 353 inhabitants; the main village is Raitahiti.
Geographically Kaukura belongs to the Palliser Islands (Îles Palliser) subgroup of the Tuamotus.
The first recorded European to arrive to Kaukura was Dutch Navigator Jakob Roggeveen on his expedition for the Dutch West India Company to seek Terra Australis in 1722.
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King George Islands
Coordinates: 14°32′S 147°08′W / 14.533°S 147.133°W / -14.533; -147.133
The King George Islands (Îles du Roi Georges) is a subgroup of the Tuamotus Archipelago group in French Polynesia.
The King George Islands include four atolls and one island:
Tikei is the easternmost island and Ahe Atoll is the westernmost of the subgroup. The distance between them is 200 km (124 mi). Unlike the atolls of the Palliser group that have an elongated shape from the Northwest to the Southeast, the King George Islands follow a mirror image pattern of elongation from Southwest to the Northeast,
The name "King George Islands" was given to this group by British explorer John Byron, who reached Manihi, Takaroa and Takapoto in June 1765. In the 1880s, the Tuamotus were claimed by France, and in 1946 the indigenous Polynesians were granted the French citizenship.
Administratively there are two communes in the King George Islands:
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Kiribati
Kiribati ([kɪribas] KIRR-i-bas or ˌkɪrəˈbɑdi;Gilbertese: [ˈkiɾibas]), officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population is just over 100,000 (2011), and the island nation is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, (1,351,000 square miles) straddling the equator, and bordering the International Date Line at its easternmost point.
The name Kiribati is the local pronunciation of "Gilberts", derived from the main island chain, the Gilbert Islands. The capital of South Tarawa consists of a number of islets connected through a series of causeways, located in the Tarawa archipelago. Kiribati became independent from the United Kingdom in 1979. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the IMF and the World Bank, and became a full member of the United Nations in 1999.
Kiribati was named in French by captains Krusenstern and Louis Isidore Duperrey "îles Gilbert", Gilbert Islands, after the British Captain Thomas Gilbert, who sighted the islands in 1788. The current name, Kiribati, is an adaptation of "Gilberts", from the former European name the "Gilbert Islands". Although the indigenous Gilbertese language name for the Gilbert Islands proper is Tungaru, the new state chose the name "Kiribati", the Gilbertese rendition of "Gilberts", as an equivalent of the former colony to acknowledge the inclusion of islands which were never considered part of the Gilberts chain.
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Lau Islands
The Lau Islands (also called the Lau Group, the Eastern Group, the Eastern Archipelago) of Fiji are situated in the southern Pacific Ocean, just east of the Koro Sea. Of this chain of about one hundred islands and islets, about thirty are inhabited. The Lau Group covers a land area of 188 square miles (487 square km), and had a population of 10,683 at the most recent census in 2007. While most of the northern Lau Group are high islands of volcanic origin, those of the south are mostly carbonate low islands.
Administratively the islands belong to Lau Province.
The British explorer James Cook reached Vatoa in 1774. By the time of the discovery of the Ono Group in 1820, the Lau archipelago was the most mapped area of Fiji.
Political unity came late to the Lau Islands. Historically, they comprised three territories: the Northern Lau Islands, the Southern Lau Islands, and the Moala Islands. Around 1855, the renegade Tongan prince Enele Ma'afu conquered the region and established a unified administration. Calling himself the Tui Lau, or King of Lau, he promulgated a constitution and encouraged the establishment of Christian missions. The first missionaries had arrived at Lakeba in 1830, but had been expelled. The Tui Nayau, who had been the nominal overlord of the Lau Islands, became subject to Ma'afu.
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Makatea
Coordinates: 15°51′S 148°15′W / 15.85°S 148.25°W / -15.85; -148.25
Makatea, or Mangaia-te-vai-tamae, is a raised coral atoll in the northwestern part of the Tuamotus. It is located 79 km southwest from Rangiroa to the west of the Palliser group. It is surrounded by spectacular cliffs, rising to a plateau 80 meters above the sea level. This island is 7.5 km long, with a maximum width of 7 km in the south. It is 24 km² in area. Makatea is one of the only four islands of the Tuamotu Archipelago (along with Nukutavake, Tikei, and Tepoto Nord) that do not take the form of a typical atoll.
Mākatea is almost the only Paumotuan island with potable water. Its native name derived from the drinking water being brought out of its dark caves by the local people. "Mā," pure, clear; used here to mean water, "Atea," light of day and "K" for euphony. The other name of the Island was Mangaia-te-vai-tamāe, meaning "Mangaia of the purified (or clear) water."
This island was called "Aurora" by Dutch mariner Jakob Roggeveen in 1722. Later, the Polynesians called it "Papa Tea" (which means "white rock").
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Manuhangi
Coordinates: 19°14′S 141°15′W / 19.233°S 141.25°W / -19.233; -141.25
Manuhangi (also known as Te Fara) is an atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. The atoll is situated 68 km southeast from Nengonengo and 52 km west from Paraoa.
Manuhangi Atoll is small in size, with a length of 5.4 km and a maximum width of 3.6 km. It has an oval shape and a coral reef completely enclosing a small lagoon. Manuhangi has a hook-shaped island covering the east and northeast of its reef.
The old Paumotu (Tuamotu’s inhabitants) called this small atoll "manu hagi" (meaning "the loving bird"). The atoll has been uninhabited for many years.
The first recorded European who arrived to Manuhangi was English navigator Samuel Wallis in 1767. He named it "Cumberland".
Administratively Manuhangi belongs to the commune of Hao (main village: Otepa), which includes Ahunui (uninhabited), Nengonengo, Manuhangi (no permanent inhabitant) and Paraoa (uninhabited).
Manuhangi is a protected area and various species of birds are found in the atoll. Part of the land is planted with coconut palms. Apart from the birds, the fauna of the island primarily consists of coconut crabs.
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Maria Est
Coordinates: 22°01′S 136°11′W / 22.017°S 136.183°W / -22.017; -136.183
Maria Atoll is a small atoll of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It is located in the far southeast of the archipelago, about 72 km southwest from Marutea Sud. Maria's closest neighbour is the small atoll of Matureivavao of the Acteon Group, 56 km to the northwest.
Maria Atoll is oval in shape and bound by a continuous reef. It is 7 km long and has a maximum width of 4 km. Its islands are low and flat and the lagoon is hypersaline.
This atoll is mostly called "Maria Est" in order to avoid confusion with the another small atoll called Maria (Nororotu) in the Tubuai (Austral Islands) division of French Polynesia.
The first recorded European who arrived to Maria Est was Jacques-Antoine Moerenhout in 1829. In some maps Maria Atoll appeared as "Moerenhout Island".
Administratively Maria Est belongs to the commune of the Gambier Islands.
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Marokau
Coordinates: 18°04′S 142°16′W / 18.067°S 142.267°W / -18.067; -142.267
Marokau is an atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It lies 53 km southeast of Hikueru Atoll and it is separated by a 2 km wide sound from Ravahere, its closest neighbor in the south.
Marokau and Ravahere form a minor subgroup of the Tuamotus known as the Two Groups Islands.
Marokau Atoll is roughly triangular. The islands on its reef have a combined land area of 14.7 km². The shallow lagoon has a surface of 217 km².
Marokau has 55 inhabitants. Most live in Vaiori, the main village, located on an island at its northern end. The locals collect copra from the numerous coconut palms planted on the islands and motus. There is another small village called Topitike in its south-eastern corner.
The first recorded European who sighted the two neighboring atolls of Marokau and Ravahere was Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768.
Marokau Atoll was one of the main locations in the Tuamotu lagoons at which pearls were collected from the nineteenth century up to 1965.
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Marquesas Islands
Coordinates: 9°27′16″S 139°23′20″W / 9.45444°S 139.38889°W / -9.45444; -139.38889
The Marquesas Islands (French: Îles Marquises or Archipel des Marquises or Marquises; Marquesan: Te Henua (K)enana (North Marquesan) and Te Fenua `Enata (South Marquesan), both meaning "The Land of Men") are a group of volcanic islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. The Marquesas are located at 9° 00S, 139° 30W. The highest point is the peak of Mount Oave (French: Mont Oave) on Ua Pu island at 1,230 m (4,035 ft) above sea level.
The Marquesas Islands form one of the five administrative divisions (subdivisions administratives) of French Polynesia. The capital of the Marquesas Islands administrative subdivision is the settlement of Taiohae on the island of Nuku Hiva. The population of the Marquesas Islands was 8,632 at the August 2007 census.
The first recorded settlers of the Marquessa were Polynesians, who, from archæological evidence, are believed to have arrived before 100 AD. Ethnological and linguistic evidence suggests that they likely arrived from the region of Tonga and Samoa.
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Marutea (North)
Marutea, or Taunga tauranga-e-havana, is one of the Tuamotu atolls in French Polynesia. It is located 24 km to the southeast of Makemo Atoll and 30 km southwest of Nihiru Atoll.
Marutea Atoll measures 42 km in length with a maximum width of 17 km km. Its lagoon has an area of 458 km² and one pass to enter it. It has a land area of approx 2.7km2. This atoll is very low and its reef is often awash.
Marutea Atoll is permanently uninhabited.
Marutea Nord should not be confused with Marutea Sud located in the far south-eastern reaches of the Tuamotu Archipelago at 21˚ 30'S., 135˚ 32'W.
Taunga-tauranga-e-havana, the second native name of Marutea, means "the friendly bird that rested and plumed itself on our mast" —so says Marerenui, a native of Faaite Atoll. There is a legend attached to this name, of which only fragments can be obtained.
The first recorded European to arrive to Marutea Atoll was Captain James Cook in 1773. Historically Marutea has appeared as "Furneaux Island" in some maps.
Marutea Nord belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Marutea (South)
Coordinates: 21°30′S 136°28′W / 21.5°S 136.467°W / -21.5; -136.467
Marutea Atoll (Marutea Sud), also known as Marutea-i-runga, and Nuku-nui, is an atoll of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It is located in the far southeast of the archipelago, about 72 km northeast from Maria Atoll.
Marutea Atoll is irregular in shape and bound by reef broken by passes into the lagoon. It is 21 km long, a maximum width of 10 km and an area of approximately 14km2. Its islands are low and flat and the main village, Auorotini, is located at the northern end of the atoll. Marutea has no permanent population, but it is occasionally visited by islanders looking for pearls and maintaining the pearl farms.
Marutea Sud should not be confused with Marutea Nord located in the western area of the Tuamotu Archipelago at 17˚ 07' S, 143˚ 11' W.
The first recorded European to sight this atoll was Spanish explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós on February 4th 1606. He called it "San Telmo". Other Spanish names were "San Blas" and "Corral de Agua". Marutea was later explored by Edward Edwards, while he was searching for the mutineers of the HMS Bounty in 1791. Edwards renamed it "Lord Hood".
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Marutea Nord
Marutea, or Taunga tauranga-e-havana, is one of the Tuamotu atolls in French Polynesia. It is located 24 km to the southeast of Makemo Atoll and 30 km southwest of Nihiru Atoll.
Marutea Atoll measures 42 km in length with a maximum width of 17 km km. Its lagoon has an area of 458 km² and one pass to enter it. It has a land area of approx 2.7km2. This atoll is very low and its reef is often awash.
Marutea Atoll is permanently uninhabited.
Marutea Nord should not be confused with Marutea Sud located in the far south-eastern reaches of the Tuamotu Archipelago at 21˚ 30'S., 135˚ 32'W.
Taunga-tauranga-e-havana, the second native name of Marutea, means "the friendly bird that rested and plumed itself on our mast" —so says Marerenui, a native of Faaite Atoll. There is a legend attached to this name, of which only fragments can be obtained.
The first recorded European to arrive to Marutea Atoll was Captain James Cook in 1773. Historically Marutea has appeared as "Furneaux Island" in some maps.
Marutea Nord belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Marutea Sud
Coordinates: 21°30′S 136°28′W / 21.5°S 136.467°W / -21.5; -136.467
Marutea Atoll (Marutea Sud), also known as Marutea-i-runga, and Nuku-nui, is an atoll of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It is located in the far southeast of the archipelago, about 72 km northeast from Maria Atoll.
Marutea Atoll is irregular in shape and bound by reef broken by passes into the lagoon. It is 21 km long, a maximum width of 10 km and an area of approximately 14km2. Its islands are low and flat and the main village, Auorotini, is located at the northern end of the atoll. Marutea has no permanent population, but it is occasionally visited by islanders looking for pearls and maintaining the pearl farms.
Marutea Sud should not be confused with Marutea Nord located in the western area of the Tuamotu Archipelago at 17˚ 07' S, 143˚ 11' W.
The first recorded European to sight this atoll was Spanish explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós on February 4th 1606. He called it "San Telmo". Other Spanish names were "San Blas" and "Corral de Agua". Marutea was later explored by Edward Edwards, while he was searching for the mutineers of the HMS Bounty in 1791. Edwards renamed it "Lord Hood".
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Mataiva
Coordinates: 14°53′S 148°43′W / 14.883°S 148.717°W / -14.883; -148.717
Mataiva (meaning "Nine Eyes" in Tuamotuan), Tepoetiriura ("Sparkling Pearl") or Lazarev atoll is a coral atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago. It is located in the Palliser group, and is the westernmost of the Tuamotus. The nearest atoll, Tikehau, is located 35 km (21 mi.) to the east. Rangiroa is located 79 km (47 mi.) to the east, and Tahiti is 311 km (195 mi.) to the south.
The atoll's oval-shaped lagoon is 5.3 km (3.2 mi.) wide and 10 km (6 mi.) long, and is almost completely surrounded by land. In the lagoon the decaying coral morphed into linear rocky structures 50 to 300 meters wide. Some of these coral structures top above the water, forming about 70 basins. The varying depths of these basins and the clear water gives the lagoon a blue and green tesselated appearance when viewed from above. This type of lagoon structure is unique in French Polynesia. Rich phosphate deposits have been discovered at the bottom of these basins, up to an estimated 10 to 15 million tonnes. Although similar deposits exist in Makatea and Nauru, Mataiva inhabitants and ecosystems protection activists have successfully prevented its exploitation for the time being.
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Matureivavao
Matureivavao, or Mature-vavao is an uninhabited atoll in the Acteon Group in the southeastern part of the Tuamotu Islands. It is the largest atoll within the Acteon Group, and like others in this group, is administratively part of the commune of the Gambier Islands.
Matureivavao is about 6.6 km long in a NNW-SSE direction and 4.6 km wide. It has a land area of 2.5 km2 and a total area of 18 km2. It lies 16 km southeast of Tenarunga and 1,390 km from Tahiti. The atoll is high enough to be visible from a considerable distance. It appears as a sandy beach, backed by a line of dark green. Some buildings lie on the northwest side of the atoll. In bad weather, the seas sometimes sweep over the reef. There is no entrance to the lagoon.
In some maps this atoll also appears as "Melbourne".
The first mention of the atoll was made by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name Las Cuatro Coronadas (the "four crowned" (by coconut palms)), however these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel Amphitrite and again in 1837 by Captain Edward Russell on his warship HMS Acteon, the name given to the group. It was previously owned by a man named Captain Nicholas but was redeemed in 1934.
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Mele (island)
Mele Island also known as Hideaway Island is a Polynesian outlier and islet in Vanuatu.
The island is owned by the local Mele villagers, but is leased to the owners of Hideaway Island Resort. The island is accessed by a boat service from nearby Port Vila and offers accommodation and watersports to visitors.
As Hideaway Island Mele is famous for having the world's only underwater post office, which is open daily and allows visitors to post letters that are postmarked in a waterproof manner.
Coordinates: 17°41′48″S 168°15′49″E / 17.6966°S 168.2636°E / -17.6966; 168.2636
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Motutunga
Coordinates: 17°04′S 144°17′W / 17.067°S 144.283°W / -17.067; -144.283
Motutunga Atoll is an atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 17 km to the east of Tahanea Atoll.
Motutunga Atoll is roughly triangular in shape. It measures 15 km in length with a maximum width of 14 km. The reef fringing the atoll is continuous. There are no deep, navigable passes to reach the lagoon. Motutunga's lagoon has a surface of 126 km².
Motutunga is uninhabited.
Motutunga Atoll was first sighted by James Cook in 1773 who named it "Adventure", after the name of his own ship.
Spanish navigator Domingo de Boenechea sighted Motutunga in 1774 on ship Aguila. He named this atoll "San Blas".
Motutunga belongs to the commune of Anaa that also includes the associated commune of Faaite with the atoll of Faaite and the uninhabited atolls of Tahanea and Motutunga.
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Nauru
Coordinates: 0°31′38″S 166°56′12″E / 0.527288°S 166.936724°E / -0.527288; 166.936724
Nauru (Englishi/nɑːˈuːruː/ nah-OO-roo), officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, 300 kilometres (186 mi) to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi). With just over 9,322 residents, it is the second least-populated country after Vatican City.
Settled by Micronesian and Polynesian people, Nauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century. After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. During World War II, Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops, who were bypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific. After the war ended, it entered into trusteeship again. Nauru gained its independence in 1968.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Nauru was a "rentier state". Nauru is a phosphate rock island, with rich deposits close to the surface, which allow for simple strip mining operations; moreover, it has some phosphate reserves which are presently (as of 2011) not economically viable for extraction. Nevertheless, this island was a major exporter of phosphate starting in 1907, when the Pacific Phosphate Company began mining there, through the formation of the British Phosphate Commission in 1919, and continuing after independence. This returned to Nauru full control of its minerals under the Nauru Phosphate Corporation, until the deposits ran out during the 1980s. For this reason, Nauru briefly boasted the highest per-capita income enjoyed by any sovereign state in the world during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
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Nengonengo
Coordinates: 18°46′S 141°48′W / 18.767°S 141.8°W / -18.767; -141.8
Nengonengo is a small atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 53 km southeast of Ravahere, its closest neighbor, and 100 km southwest of Hao Atoll.
Nengonengo Atoll is roughly bell-shaped. It measures 13 km in length with a maximum width of 8 km. It has a wide lagoon with a surface 67 km², but there is no pass to enter it.
Nengonengo has 54 inhabitants.
The first recorded European who arrived to Nengonengo was Englishman Samuel Wallis in 1767. He named it "Prince William Henry".
The small private airport on Nengonengo was inaugurated in 1993. It is owned by the Wan pearl company.
Nengonengo Atoll belongs to the commune of Hao, which includes Ahunui (uninhabited), Nengonengo, Manuhangi (uninhabited) and Paraoa (uninhabited).
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (
i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] (
listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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Niau
Coordinates: 16°09.25′S 146°21.34′W / 16.15417°S 146.35567°W / -16.15417; -146.35567
Niau is a small atoll in French Polynesia, in the commune of Fakarava (Tuamotu archipelago). This atoll has broad fringing reef and an area of 20 km².
Niau's lagoon is swampy, hypersaline and entirely enclosed. The narrow strip of land surrounding the lagoon is covered by marsh vegetation. The lagoon area is 33 km² and it has an unusual green color.
The only human settlement on Niau is Tupana, population 136 (as of 2002).
The first recorded European to visit Niau was Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820 on ships Vostok and Mirni. He named this island "Greig".
Niau is administratively part of the commune of Fakarava, which consists of the island Fakarava, as well as the atolls of Aratika, Kauehi, Niau, Raraka, Taiaro and Toau.
Niau is one of the few locations where has been preserved the original ecosystem Tuamotu tropical moist forest, which here is called - feo. This ecosystem represents a mixed broadleaf forest, it has disappeared in practically all other atolls. Forest has been preserved in the central part of the island, it contains several endemic species of plants and animals.
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Nihiru
Coordinates: 16°44′S 142°50′W / 16.733°S 142.833°W / -16.733; -142.833
Nihiru, or Nikia, is one of the Tuamotu atolls in French Polynesia. It is a relatively small atoll located 49 km to the east of Makemo Atoll and 30 km northeast of Marutea Atoll.
Nihiru Atoll is roughly triangular in shape. It measures 14 km in length with a maximum width of 10.5 km. Its lagoon has an area of 79 km².
Nihiru had 30 inhabitants in 1996.
The first recorded European to arrive to Nihiru was Russian oceanic explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820 on ships Vostok and Mirni. He named this atoll "Nigeri".
This atoll is now inhabited by approximately twenty permanent occupants, most of whom originated from Taenga.
Nihiru Atoll belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Nuguria
Nuguria or the Nuguria Islands, also known as the Abgarris or Fead Islands, are a Polynesian outlier and islands of Papua New Guinea. They are located nearly 200 km northeast of New Ireland and consist of two closely spaced atoll formations.
Historical commentary from a frequent visitor to Nuguria: Momentum
Coordinates: 3°20′00″S 154°45′00″E / 3.33333°S 154.75°E / -3.33333; 154.75
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Nukumanu Islands
Nukumanu, formerly Tasman Islands, is a medium sized atoll located in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, 4 degrees south of the equator.
Administratively Nukumanu is part of Papua New Guinea, but it lies quite far away from the closest territory of Papua New Guinea proper, which is the coast of New Ireland at 682 km to the west. The nearest land is Ontong Java Atoll, located only 38 km to the south of Nukumanu, but the border between Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands runs between these neighboring atolls.
Comprising a ring of more than twenty islets on a reef surrounding a large lagoon, Nukumanu's sandy islands are located on a strip of coral rising no more than a meter above sea level. The main inhabited islands of Nukumanu are located on the eastern end of the atoll.
In Polynesian history, the main cultural and commercial exchanges took place with the inhabitants of neighboring Ontong Java Atoll, with whom Nukumanu people share many cultural affinities.
Towards the end of the 19th century Nukumanu became part of the German colonial empire. It was transferred to Australian administration in 1914, after Germany's defeat in World War I.
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Nukutepipi
Coordinates: 20°41′S 143°04′W / 20.683°S 143.067°W / -20.683; -143.067
Nukutepipi, or Nuku-te-pipi is an atoll in French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, a subgroup of the Tuamotu group. Nukutepipi's nearest neighbor is Anuanurunga, which is located about 22 km to the WNW.
Nukutepipi is a very small atoll. It is roughly triangular-shaped, measuring approximately 2.7 km in length. Its reef is quite broad, enclosing completely the small lagoon, which has a deep area at its centre. There are two relatively large islands on its reef, one on its eastern side and the other on the northwest.
Nukutepipi Atoll has 2 inhabitants. It has a small airfield which was inaugurated in 1982.
The first recorded European to sight Nukutepipi Atoll was British naval officer and explorer Philip Carteret in 12 July 1767 who only referred to it in his logs as "the southernmost island". John Turnbull aboard the Margaret March 6, 1803 named it "Margaret island" after their ship. The atoll was visited by lieutenant Ringgold of the Wilkes Expedition on the 6 January 1841. He identified the correct name of the atoll as "Nukutipipi" by the natives.
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Ontong Java Atoll
Ontong Java Atoll or Luangiua is one of the largest atolls on earth. It is sometimes referred to as Lord Howe Atoll, not to be confused with Lord Howe Island.
Administratively Ontong Java belongs to the Solomon Islands. As an outlying part of Malaita Province, it forms the northernmost tract of land of this state, over 250 km north of Santa Isabel Island. The closest land, however, is Nukumanu Atoll, which lies only 38 km due north of Ontong Java's northern tip and, though historically closely related to Ontong Java, is now under the administration of Papua New Guinea.
Ontong Java is roughly boot-shaped. The entire size of the atoll is 1400 km², but there are only 12 km² of land, spread out over 122 small islands. The islands are mostly low-lying coral formations, the highest elevation being 13 metres.
Approximately 2000 people live on the atoll. There are two main villages where the population is concentrated with roughly 1200 on the island of Luaniua in the eastern end and 800 on Pelau in the northeast.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
At 165.2 million square kilometres (64.1 million square miles) in area, this largest division of the World Ocean – and, in turn, the hydrosphere – covers about 46% of the Earth's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area, making it larger than all of the Earth's land area combined. The equator subdivides it into the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, with two exceptions: the Galápagos and Gilbert Islands, while straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres (35,797 ft).
The eastern Pacific Ocean was first sighted by Europeans early in the 16th century. Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and named it Mar del Sur (South Sea). The ocean's current name was given by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish expedition of world circumnavigation in 1521, who encountered favourable winds as he reached the ocean and called it Mar Pacifico in Portuguese, meaning "peaceful sea".
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Palliser Islands
The Palliser Islands or Pallisers are a subgroup of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. They are located in the northwest of the main group of atolls.
The group includes:
The Palliser Islands were named "Palliser's Isles" in honour of Admiral Sir Hugh Palliser, by Captain James Cook, who was the first European to sight them, on 19 April and 20 April, 1774.
Media related to Palliser Islands at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 15°07′30″S 147°38′46″W / 15.125°S 147.646°W / -15.125; -147.646
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Paraoa
Coordinates: 19°08′S 140°43′W / 19.133°S 140.717°W / -19.133; -140.717
Paraoa, Tohora, or Hariri is a small atoll of the central Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 76 km south of Hao Atoll's westernmost point. The closest land is Manuhangi Atoll, 52 km to the west.
Paraoa Atoll is oval in shape. It measures 8.5 km in length with a maximum width of 5.5 km. Its lagoon is not connected to the ocean by a pass, which makes this small atoll quite inaccessible. Paraoa Atoll is uninhabited.
The first recorded European who arrived to Paraoa was Englishman Samuel Wallis in 1767. He named it "Gloucester".<ref.Samuel Wallis (in German)</ref>
Paraoa belongs to the commune of Hao (Main village: Otepa), which includes Ahunui (uninhabited), Nengonengo, Manuhangi (uninhabited) and Paraoa (uninhabited).
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Pileni
Coordinates: 10°11′S 166°10′E / 10.183°S 166.167°E / -10.183; 166.167
Pileni is a culturally important island in the Reef Islands, in the northern part of the Solomon Islands province of Temotu. Despite its location in Melanesia, the population of the islands is Polynesian.
Pileni once gave its name to the Samoic-Outlier language spoken there. What used to be called Pileni is now more commonly referred to under its native name Vaeakau-Taumako.
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Pinaki (island)
Pinaki or Te Kiekie is a small atoll of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. Geographically Pinaki Atoll is part of the East-central subgroup of the Tuamotus, which includes Ahunui, Amanu, Fangatau, Hao and Nukutavake.
The island on its reef forms a broken ring almost enclosing a lagoon which has a shallow tidal spillway facing west. Pinaki lies 14 km southeast of Nukutavake, which is the closest land. Vairaatea Atoll lies 51 km to the west of Pinaki.
Pinaki Atoll measures 3 km in length and its width is less than 2 km. Pinaki is uninhabited, but it is visited on occasions by villagers from neighboring Nukutavake.
The Englishman Samuel Wallis was the first recorded European to visit Pinaki Atoll on June 6, 1767 while searching for the "Southern Continent". Wallis named the atoll "Whitsunday".
Frederick Beechey found Pinaki uninhabited in 1826, but he observed that there were huts on the island as well as small reservoirs for the collection and preservation of fresh water cut in the coral rock.
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Pitcairn Islands
The Pitcairn Islands (
/ˈpɪtkɛərn/;Pitkern: Pitkern Ailen), officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands are a British Overseas Territory. The four islands—named Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno—are spread over several hundred miles of ocean and have a total land area of about 18 square miles (47 km2). Only Pitcairn, the second largest and measuring about 2 miles (3.2 km) across, is inhabited.
The islands are best known as home of the descendants of the Bounty mutineers and the Tahitians (or Polynesians) who accompanied them, an event retold in numerous books and films. This history is still apparent in the surnames of many of the islanders. With only about 48 inhabitants (currently from four main families: Christian, Warren, Young, and Brown), Pitcairn is the least populous jurisdiction in the world. The United Nations Committee on Decolonisation includes the Pitcairn Islands on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories.
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Pomare Dynasty
The Pōmare Dynasty was the reigning family of the Kingdom of Tahiti between the unification of the island by Pōmare I in 1788 and Pōmare V's cession of the kingdom to France in 1880. Their influence once spanned most of the Society Islands, the Austral Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago.
The ancestors of the family ultimately came from the island of Fakarava in the Tuamotus. The dynasty originated from the district chieftains or ari'i rahi of Porionuʻu (including the smaller districts of Pare and Arue) and island of Raiatea from the Tamatoa family. With foreign weapons, chief Tu gradually took over control of the other parts of the island of Tahiti, and then brought the islands of Moorea, Mehetia, and Tetiaroa into a single entity.
Chief Tu later adopted the name Pōmare. Pō-mare means 'night cougher', a nickname he took, as was common in that time, in honor of his daughter Teriinavahoroa who died from tuberculosis in 1792.
Through subsequent inheritance, adoptions, and marriage alliances, the dynasty at its peak included all the Society Islands with a member of the family ruling in Tahiti, Raiatea and Bora Bora. Tahiti also controlled some of the outlying islands of the Austral Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago.
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Portugal
Portugali/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.
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Pukarua
Pukarua, sometimes also listed as "Pukaruha" (especially on French maps), is a coral atoll in the eastern Tuamotu Archipelago. The nearest atoll, Reao, is located 48 km to the ESE.
Pukarua Atoll is 17 km long and its maximum width is 4.5 km. It has a long island on its northeastern reef, shaped somewhat like a fish hook, as well as a number of small islands. The atoll is surrounded by a coral reef without a proper passage. There is a pier from which small to medium-sized ships can be launched.
The only village is Marautagaroa, populated by about 100 inhabitants.
The atoll's lagoon is interesting for snorkelers because of the presence of giant clams.
Pukarua Atoll was first visited by Europeans in 1797, when British mariner James Wilson was sailing from Tongatapu to the Marquesas on ship Duff. He found Pukarua uninhabited, but saw the tokens of former occupancy. Wilson named Pukarua "Searle Island" after a friend he had in the Transport office in England.
Thirty years later another British explorer, Frederick Beechey, found Pukarua inhabited by Polynesians.
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Pukaruha
Pukarua, sometimes also listed as "Pukaruha" (especially on French maps), is a coral atoll in the eastern Tuamotu Archipelago. The nearest atoll, Reao, is located 48 km to the ESE.
Pukarua Atoll is 17 km long and its maximum width is 4.5 km. It has a long island on its northeastern reef, shaped somewhat like a fish hook, as well as a number of small islands. The atoll is surrounded by a coral reef without a proper passage. There is a pier from which small to medium-sized ships can be launched.
The only village is Marautagaroa, populated by about 100 inhabitants.
The atoll's lagoon is interesting for snorkelers because of the presence of giant clams.
Pukarua Atoll was first visited by Europeans in 1797, when British mariner James Wilson was sailing from Tongatapu to the Marquesas on ship Duff. He found Pukarua uninhabited, but saw the tokens of former occupancy. Wilson named Pukarua "Searle Island" after a friend he had in the Transport office in England.
Thirty years later another British explorer, Frederick Beechey, found Pukarua inhabited by Polynesians.
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Raeffsky Islands
The Raeffsky Islands or Raevski Islands (French: Îles Raéffsky or Îles Raevski) is a subgroup of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. They are located roughly in the central area of the main Tuamotu atoll cluster. (Latitude: 16° 45' 0 S, Longitude: 144° 13' 60 W)
The Raeffsky Islands include the following atolls:
The ring-shaped atoll Taiaro provides a rare example of a coral reef with a fully enclosed lagoon. The atoll was officially designated as a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 1977.
Coordinates: 16°45′00″S 144°13′01″W / 16.750°S 144.217°W / -16.750; -144.217
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Rangiroa
Coordinates: 15°07′31″S 147°38′43″W / 15.12528°S 147.64528°W / -15.12528; -147.64528
Rangiroa (meaning Vast Sky in Tuamotuan) or Te Kokōta (Hyades in Māori), is the largest atoll in the Tuamotus, and one of the largest in the world (although it is smaller than Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands and Huvadhu in the Maldives). It is part of the Palliser group. The nearest atoll is Tikehau, located only 12 km to the West. It is about 355 km Northeast of Tahiti.
The chief town is Avatoru, located in the northwestern part of the atoll.
The atoll consists of about 415 motus, islets and sandbars comprising a total land area of about 170 km². There are approximately one hundred narrow passages (passes), called r'oa, in the fringing reef. The atoll has a flattened elliptic shape, with 80 km in length and a width ranging from 5 to 32 km wide. The width of land reaches 300 to 500 meters wide and its circumference totals up to 200 km. The lagoon has a maximum depth of 35 m and its surface is 1446 km². It is so large that it has its own horizon. On account of its shallow depth, the currents that come in and out through the passes and with the winds can sometimes create interior storms.
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Raraka
Raraka, or Te Marie, is an atoll in the west of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It lies 17 km to the southeast of Kauehi Atoll.
The shape of Raraka Atoll is an oval 26 km long and 19 km wide. Its fringing reef has many sandbanks and small motu. This atoll has a wide lagoon with a navigable pass to the ocean.
Raraka Atoll is now uninhabited, but it is occasionally visited by islanders from neighboring atolls. There is a village called Motupapu.
Raraka Atoll in the Tuamotus should not be confused with Raraka in Malaita, Solomon Islands (Latitude: 9° 11' 60 S, Longitude: 161° 1' 0 E).
The first recorded European to sight Raraka Atoll was Captain Ireland in 1831.
Raraka Atoll was visited by the historic United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842. Charles Wilkes reported: "The next day they reached Raraka Atoll and were allowed ashore to explore it on that and the following day. There they met about 40 peaceful islanders, who had native-born missionary among them. Their chief was missing his left hand, it having been bitten off by a shark."
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Raroia
Coordinates: 16°01′S 142°26′W / 16.017°S 142.433°W / -16.017; -142.433
Raroia, or Raro-nuku, is an atoll of the Tuamotus chain in French Polynesia, located 740 km northeast of Tahiti and 6 km southwest of Takume. Administratively it is a part of the commune of Makemo.
The oval-shaped atoll measures 43 km by 14 km and has a land area of 41 km². A navigable waterway leads to the central lagoon, which has an area of 359 km². The population as of the 1996 census was 184. The town of Garumaoa is the main settlement. Raroians live principally on fishing, copra cultivation, and pearl farming.
Raroia and Takume were called Napaite, "the Twins" (-ite, two), by the ancient Paumotu people.
The first recorded European to reach Raroia was Portuguese explorer Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1605. It was later sighted again in 1820 by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, who named it Barclay de Tolly after the Russian field marshal Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly.
In 1947, Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki arrived in Raroia after its 101-day journey from South America. Later, one of the crew members, Bengt Danielsson, lived there. and studied the economy and the society. He wrote some books about Raroia, notably his thesis Work and Life on Raroia (Uppsala, 1955). In his 1952 book Raroia: Happy Island of the South Seas, he observes, "The Raroian peace stems from the fact that the people have no material anxieties and no other object in life than just to live" (Danielsson, 294).
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Ravahere
Coordinates: 18°13′S 142°09′W / 18.217°S 142.15°W / -18.217; -142.15
Ravahere is an atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 53 km northwest of Nengonengo Atoll and it is separated by a 2 km sound from Marokau Atoll, its closest neighbor to the north.
Marokau and Ravahere form a minor subgroup of the Tuamotus known as the Two Groups Islands.
Ravahere Atoll is roughly boomerang-shaped. It measures 18 km in length with a maximum width of 7.5 km. The shallow lagoon has a surface of 50 km², but there is no pass to enter it.
Ravahere is permanently uninhabited.
The first recorded European who sighted the two neighboring atolls of Marokau and Ravahere was Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768.
Ravahere belongs to the commune of Hikueru, which consists of the atolls of Hikueru, Marokau, Ravahere, Reitoru and Tekokota.
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Rekareka
Coordinates: 16°49′S 141°55′W / 16.817°S 141.917°W / -16.817; -141.917
Rekareka, Tehuata or Tu-henua, is an atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located in the Centre East of the group, 83 km southeast from Raroia . and lies 70 km NW of Tauere, its nearest neighbor. The shoal water of this small atoll extends 0.5 mile seaward from its northern, western, and southern sides, and about 0.8 miles from its south-eastern side. Rekareka has no fresh water and is uninhabited.
Spanish explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós sighted Rekareka during his Pacific expedition on February 13 1606. The Spaniards named this island "La Sagitaria" and reported that it was inhabited at that time. In some maps this island also appears as "Bonne Esperance" and "Good Hope".
Administratively Rekareka belongs to the commune of Amanu which includes the atolls of Rekareka (uninhabited) and Tauere. The Amanu commune is associated with the Hao commune.
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Rotuma
Rotuma is a Fijian dependency, consisting of Rotuma Island and nearby islets. The island group is home to a small but unique indigenous ethnic group which constitutes a recogniseable minority within the population of Fiji, known as "Rotumans". Its population at the 2007 census was 2,002, although many Rotumans live on mainland Fijian islands, totaling 10,000.
These volcanic islands are located 646 kilometres (Suva to Ahau) north of Fiji. Rotuma Island itself is 13 kilometres long and 4 kilometres wide, with a land area of approximately 43 square kilometres. The island is bisected into a larger eastern part, and a western peninsula, by a low narrow isthmus only 230 meters wide, the location of Motusa village (Itu'ti'u district). North of the isthmus is Maka Bay, and in the south Hopmafau Bay. The bays are full of coral reefs, through which there are boat passages.
Rotuma is a shield volcano made of alkali-olivine basalt and hawaiite, with many small cones, and reaches 256 metres (840 ft) above sea level at Mount Suelhof near the center of the island. Satarua Peak, 166 meters high, lies near the eastern end of the island. While very secluded from much of Fiji proper, the large reef and untouched beaches are renowned as some of the most beautiful in all of Fiji.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Samoan Islands
The Samoan Islands or Samoa Islands is an archipelago covering 3,030 km2 (1,170 sq mi) in the central South Pacific, forming part of Polynesia and the wider region of Oceania. The population of the Samoan Islands is approximately 250,000, sharing a common language, Samoan, a culture, known as fa'a Samoa and an indigenous form of governance called fa'amatai.
Due to colonialism, the Samoa Islands and people were divided by Western powers. Today, the islands have two jurisdictions, the independent country of Samoa in the western half of the islands, and the territory of American Samoa comprising the islands to the east. The two regions are separated by 64 km of ocean. Most Samoans are full-blooded and are one of the largest Polynesian populations in the world.
The oldest date so far from prehistoric remains in the Samoan Islands has been calculated from archaeology in Samoa to a likely true age of circa 1,050 BCE from a Lapita site at Mulifanua wharf on Upolu island.
In 1768, the eastern islands were visited by French explorer Bougainville, who named them the Navigator Islands, a name used by missionaries until about 1845 and in official European dispatches until about 1870.
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Sikaiana
Sikaiana formerly called Stewart Islands is a small atoll 212 km NE of Malaita. It is almost 14 km in length and its lagoon, known as Te Moana, is totally enclosed by the coral reef. Its total land surface is only 2 km2. There is no safe anchorage close to this atoll, which makes it often inaccessible.
Sikaiana is located Latitude: 8° 25' 0 South and Longitude: 162° 52' 0 East. The main island, located at the easternmost corner, is called Sikaiana. The three small islands in the west of the atoll are Tehaolei, Matuiloto and Matuavi. There are also two artificial islands on the reef, Te Palena and Hakatai'atata.
Administratively Sikaiana is an outlying region of Malaita Province in the Solomon Islands. Sikaiana's population is approximately 300 people of Polynesian descent. In 1856, when Hawai‘i was offered the sovereignty of Sikaiana, the Privy Council voted to accept the cession. King Kamehameha IV approved the action, making Hawai‘i an imperial power of sorts. But there were second thoughts. The great distance of the atoll from Honolulu would make administration impossible, and the cession was never formalized. Some residents have claimed to be native Hawaiians and citizens of the United States. According to these residents, the Stewart Islands were given to King Kamehameha IV in 1856, and therefore the islands were part of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i at the time of the United States' annexation in 1898. The United States disagrees, arguing that the 1898 law annexed only the "Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies", and that the law defined dependencies as the islands named by a report by the Hawaiian Commission that omitted the Stewart Islands. Some residents applied to register to vote in Hawai‘i in 1996, but their applications were turned down by the Hawaiian Sovereignty Election Council.
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Taenga
Coordinates: 16°21′S 143°07′W / 16.35°S 143.117°W / -16.35; -143.117
Taenga, or Taunga-hara, is one of the Tuamotu atolls in French Polynesia. It is located 32 km to the northeast of Makemo Atoll and 27 km to the northwest of Nihiru Atoll.
Taenga Atoll is roughly triangular in shape. It measures 27 km in length with a maximum width of 11 km.
Taenga's lagoon has an area of 170 km². It is very difficult to enter on account of the currents and the very narrow pass.
This atoll has currently 76 inhabitants, most of whom are Mormons.
Taenga Atoll was first discovered by John Buyers on 10 March 1803 who named it "Holts Island" on the same day as he discovered Makemo atoll. It was later rediscovered by Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820. In some maps it still appears as "Yermolov".
Taenga Atoll belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Tahanea
Coordinates: 16°50′S 144°45′W / 16.833°S 144.75°W / -16.833; -144.75
Tahanea Atoll is an atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 12 km to the east of Faaite Atoll.
Tahanea Atoll is quite large. It measures 48 km in length with a maximum width of 15.2 km. The southern reef fringing the atoll is wider than the northern one, but the largest islands are on the narrower northern rim. Tahanea has a wide and deep lagoon with a surface of 545 km². There are three deep, navigable, passes into the lagoon, which are called Motupuapua, Teavatapu and Otao.
Tahanea is uninhabited, but it is visited occasionally by islanders from neighboring atolls.
The first recorded European to sight Tahanea was Spanish navigator Domingo de Boenechea 1774 on ship Aguila. He named this atoll "San Julián".
Russian oceanic explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen visited Tahanea in 1820 on ships Vostok and Mirni. He named this atoll "Chichagov" .
Tahanea belongs to the commune of Anaa that also includes the associated commune of Faaite with the atoll of Faaite and the uninhabited atolls of Tahanea and Motutunga.
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Taiaro
Taiaro, or Maro-taua, is a small atoll in the west of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It is one of the smallest of the Tuamotu atolls. Taiaro lies 42 km to the northeast of Raraka Atoll.
The shape of Taiaro Atoll is roughly a polygon 3.7 km across. It has a deep sandy lagoon without any passes to the ocean.
Taiaro Atoll is uninhabited. It is the private property of W. A. Robinson.
The first recorded European arriving to Taiaro Atoll was Captain Robert FitzRoy on ship Beagle in 1835. It was the last atoll of the Tuamotus to be recorded and charted.
This atoll was visited by the United States Exploring Expedition led by Charles Wilkes on September 3, 1839. Wilkes named it "King's Island" after the surname of the sailor at the masthead who had first sighted it.
In 1977 Taiaro was declared a protected area by UNESCO under the name Biosphere Reserve Taiaro Atoll.
The uninhabited Taiaro is private property under the ownership of W.A. Robinson who declared it a nature reserve in 1972. The atoll was officially designated as a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 1977.
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Takapoto
Takapoto, Tua-poto or Oura, is an atoll in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. Length 17 km, width 6.4 km. Latitude 14° 42'; Longitude S 145° 15' W.
The nearest land is Takaroa Atoll, located 10 km to the Northeast.
Takapoto's lagoon has a high salinity and a strong phytoplankton biomass.
Geographically Takapoto is part of the King George Islands (Iles du Roi Georges) subgroup, which includes: Ahe, Manihi, Takapoto, Takaroa and Tikei.
Takapoto Atoll has 441 inhabitants. Fakatopatere, the main village on Takapoto, is located at the southern end of the atoll.
The first recorded European to sight Takapoto Atoll was Jacob Le Maire in 1616.
Takapoto Atoll was visited by the Charles Wilkes expedition in September 1839.
Takapoto Airport was inaugurated in 1973.
The commune of Takaroa-Takapoto consists of the atolls of Takaroa and Takapoto, and Tikei Island.
Coordinates: 14°37′01″S 145°12′00″W / 14.617°S 145.200°W / -14.617; -145.200
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Takaroa
Takaroa, Taka-roa or Takapua, is an atoll in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. Length 27.4 km, width 7 km. Latitude 14° 27'; Longitude S 144° 59' W.
The nearest land is Takapoto Atoll, located 10 km to the Southwest.
Fine pearls, including black pearls, were obtained in the lagoon of Takaroa.[citation needed]
Geographically Takaroa is part of the King George Islands (Iles du Roi Georges) subgroup, which includes Ahe, Manihi, Takapoto, Takaroa and Tikei.
Takaroa Atoll has 1003 inhabitants. The main village is Teavaroa.
The first recorded Europeans to arrive to Takaroa were Dutch explorers Jacob le Maire and Willem Schouten on 14 April 1616 during their Pacific journey. They called this atoll "Sondergrond Island".
Takaroa territorial airport was inaugurated in 1986.
The commune of Takaroa consists of the atolls of Takaroa and Takapoto, as well as Tikei Island.
Coordinates: 14°27′00″S 144°58′59″W / 14.450°S 144.983°W / -14.450; -144.983
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Takume
Takume or Pukamaru is an atoll of the Tuamotus chain in French Polynesia, located 790 km (490 mi) northeast of Tahiti and 6 km (3.7 mi) northeast of Raroia and 128 km (80 mi) to the west of Fangatau.
This elongated atoll measures 24 km (15 mi) by 5 km (3.1 mi). Its lagoon has an area of 43.5 km2 (16.8 sq mi).
Takume has many small motus on its reef; most are located on its eastern fringes. The long and deep lagoon has one navigable pass to enter it.
Takume Atoll has 93 inhabitants. The main village is Ohomo.
Takume and Raroia were called Napaite, "the Twins" (ite, two), by the ancient Paumotu people.
The first recorded European to arrive to Takume was Russian oceanic explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820 on ships Vostok and Mirni. He named this atoll "Volonsky".
Takume Airport was inaugurated in 1996.
Administratively Takume is a part of the commune of Makemo. The commune of Makemo consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru.
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Tauere
Coordinates: 17°22′S 141°28′W / 17.367°S 141.467°W / -17.367; -141.467
Tauere Atoll or Taouere, also known as Te Putua, is a small atoll of the central Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 85 km northwest of Hao Atoll's westernmost point.
Tauere Atoll is squarish in shape. It measures 7.5 km across. The islands are located on its northern and eastern sides. Its lagoon is not connected to the ocean by a pass, which makes this small atoll quite inaccessible.
Tauere has only 5 inhabitants.
Tauere was sighted by Spanish navigator Domingo de Boenechea on October 28 1772 on ship Aguila. He called this atoll "San Simon y Judas". Hence this atoll appears in some maps as "St. Simon".
Administratively Tauere belongs to the commune of Amanu (Main village: Ikitake) which includes the atolls of Rekareka (uninhabited) and Tauere. The Amanu commune is associated with the Hao commune.
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Tehuata
Coordinates: 16°49′S 141°55′W / 16.817°S 141.917°W / -16.817; -141.917
Rekareka, Tehuata or Tu-henua, is an atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located in the Centre East of the group, 83 km southeast from Raroia . and lies 70 km NW of Tauere, its nearest neighbor. The shoal water of this small atoll extends 0.5 mile seaward from its northern, western, and southern sides, and about 0.8 miles from its south-eastern side. Rekareka has no fresh water and is uninhabited.
Spanish explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós sighted Rekareka during his Pacific expedition on February 13 1606. The Spaniards named this island "La Sagitaria" and reported that it was inhabited at that time. In some maps this island also appears as "Bonne Esperance" and "Good Hope".
Administratively Rekareka belongs to the commune of Amanu which includes the atolls of Rekareka (uninhabited) and Tauere. The Amanu commune is associated with the Hao commune.
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Tekokota
Coordinates: 17°19′S 142°37′W / 17.317°S 142.617°W / -17.317; -142.617
Tekokota is one of the Central Tuamotu atolls, located close to the geographic center of the archipelago.
Tekokota Atoll is one of the smallest atolls of the Tuamotus. Its islands have a total land mass of only 0.9 km².
Tekokota's shape is roughly oval and it is 5 km in length and 3.5 km in width. The western side of Tekokota Atoll is submerged. The surface of its shallow central lagoon is 5.1 km².
Tekokota Atoll is uninhabited. The closest land to Tekokota is Hikueru Atoll, located 22 km to the south.
Tekokota was first sighted by James Cook in 1773. He named Tekokota Atoll "Doubtful".
Months later Spanish explorer José de Andía called this atoll, "La del Peligro" (The Dangerous One). A few days later, another Spanish navigator Domingo de Boenechea sighted Tekokota on ship Aguila. He named this atoll "Los Mártires".
Tekokota Atoll belongs to the commune of Hikueru, which consists of the atolls of Hikueru, Marokau, Ravahere, Reitoru and Tekokota.
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Tematangi
Coordinates: 21°40′S 140°37′W / 21.667°S 140.617°W / -21.667; -140.617
Tematangi or Tematangui is an atoll in the southeastern area of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Tematangi's nearest neighbor is Mururoa, which is located 161 km to the ESE.
Tematangi is a medium-sized atoll. It measures approximately 11.5 km in length and has a maximum width of 7 km. Its reef encloses completely the deep lagoon, which is 61 km sq. There is no navigable pass to enter the lagoon.
There are many relatively large islands on Tematangi's reef, as well as a few small motu. The main village is Tuihana. There were 53 inhabitants on Tematangi in the last census.
The first recorded European to visit this atoll was Captain William Bligh on the ship Providence on April 5, 1792. At the time of Bligh's visit, it was uninhabited. Tematangi Atoll appears in some maps as "Bligh's Lagoon Island".
When Frederick Beechey visited Tematangi in 1826 he found inhabitants there. In 1857, the captain of the Julia, coasting along Tematangi Atoll saw armed natives follow the course of his schooner... "clad in many-coloured stuffs".
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Temoe
Coordinates: 23°20′S 134°28′W / 23.333°S 134.467°W / -23.333; -134.467
Temoe, or Te Moe, is a small atoll of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the far southeast of the Tuamotu group archipelago. It lies about 37 km southeast from the Gambier Islands and more than 1700 km southeast from Mataiva, at the other end of the Tuamotu archipelago.
Temoe Atoll is trapezoidal in shape and bound by a continuous reef with many small shallow spillways. It is 8 km long and has a maximum width of 4 km. The lagoon has a maximum depth of 23 m. Its islands are low and flat and the lagoon has no navigable pass to enter it.
Temoe is permanently uninhabited. Administratively it belongs to the commune of the Gambier Islands.
25 km southwest of Temoe Atoll lies Portland Reef, a submerged shoal lying at a depth of about 10 m.
Temoe was formerly inhabited. There are ancient Polynesian archaeological remains on this lonely atoll; foremost among these are temple structures (marae).
It is said that buccaneer Edward Davis might have arrived at Temoe and Mangareva in 1686. But there is no historical proof of this fact.
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Tenararo
Tenararo is the smallest atoll in the Acteon Group in the southeasten part of the Tuamotu Islands in French Polynesia. It is administratively a part of the Gambier Islands. It is uninhabited.
Tenararo is located 6 km west of Vahanga, the nearest island, 115 km west of the Gambier Islands and 1370 km southeast of Tahiti. It is a circular atoll with an land area of 1.6 km2 and a total area of 2 km2. The atoll has a landing place on its NW side between the small boulders which encumber the reef. There is no entrance to the lagoon.
The first mention of the atoll was made by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name Las Cuatro Coronadas (the "four crowned" (by coconut palms)), however these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel Amphitrite and again in 1837 by Captain Edward Russell on his warship HMS Acteon, the name given to the group. It was previously owned by a man named Captain Nicholas but was redeemed in 1934.
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Tenarunga
Tenarunga or Tenania, formerly Minto Island is a low, wooded and uninhabited atoll in the Acteon Group in the southeastern part of the Tuamotu Islands in French Polynesia. It is administratively a part of the Gambier Islands.
Tenarunga is located 15 km northwest of Matureivavao, 6 km west of Vahanga and 1,375 km southeast of Tahiti. It has a land area of 2.3 km2 and a total area (lagoon inclusive) of 5 km2. There are some buildings and a dock located on the north-east side of the island, indicating former and/or seasonal habitation.
The atoll's lagoon is not accessible from the sea.
The first mention of the atoll was made by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name Las Cuatro Coronadas (the "four crowned" (by coconut palms)), however these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel Amphitrite and again in 1837 by Captain Edward Russell on his warship HMS Acteon, the name given to the group. It was previously owned by a man named Captain Nicholas but was redeemed in 1934.
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Tepoto (North)
Coordinates: 14°08′S 141°24′W / 14.133°S 141.4°W / -14.133; -141.4
Tepoto, also known as Te Poto, Toho, or Pukapoto, is a coral island. It is the northwesternmost of the Disappointment Islands, in the Tuamotu Archipelago. Despite being often referred to as "atoll", Tepoto is not a typical Tuamotu atoll, but a single separate island without lagoon. It is located at the limit of the Tuamotu archipelago; the closest land is Napuka, which lies 16 km to the southeast.
Tepoto is 2.6 km long and 800 m wide; it has an area of 4 km². This island is sometimes called Tepoto Nord in French, to avoid confusion with Tepoto Atoll (Tepoto Sud) 400 km (240 mi.) to the southwest, in the Raeffsky Islands of central Tuamotu. An obsolete name is Otuho.
According to the 2002 census, its population was 54 inhabitants (there were 67 in 1983). The primary village is Tehekega. There is a 5m wide road running round the whole island.
The first recorded European to arrive to Tepoto Nord was explorer John Byron in 1765. He named Napuka and Tepoto "Disappointment Islands" because the natives were of a hostile disposition.
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Tepoto (South)
Coordinates: 16°48′S 144°16′W / 16.8°S 144.267°W / -16.8; -144.267
Tepoto Atoll (Tepoto Sud), or Ti Poto, is a small atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 44 km southwest of Makemo Atoll.
Tepoto Atoll is almost round in shape. It measures 3.8 km in diameter. Its lovely turquoise-blue lagoon is connected to the ocean by a narrow channel in the north-east.
This atoll is sometimes called Tepoto Sud in French, to distinguish it from the island of Tepoto, approximately 400 km (240 mi) to the northeast in the Disappointment Islands.
The small group formed by Tepoto Sud, Hiti and Tuanake is also known as the "Raevski Atolls". The Tuamotu Reed Warbler and the Polynesian Ground Dove are found in this area.
Tepoto Atoll is permanently uninhabited.
According to articles in Ireland's Own and the Times Educational Supplement Website, the atoll is identified by Tony Crowley as being the site of buried treasure stolen during the 19th century by four adventurers from a church in Pisco, Peru. Over the years, people have searched for the treasure without success, though an Australian visitor to the atoll discovered a cache of medallions, the contents of which indicated they came from South America.
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Tepoto Nord
Coordinates: 14°08′S 141°24′W / 14.133°S 141.4°W / -14.133; -141.4
Tepoto, also known as Te Poto, Toho, or Pukapoto, is a coral island. It is the northwesternmost of the Disappointment Islands, in the Tuamotu Archipelago. Despite being often referred to as "atoll", Tepoto is not a typical Tuamotu atoll, but a single separate island without lagoon. It is located at the limit of the Tuamotu archipelago; the closest land is Napuka, which lies 16 km to the southeast.
Tepoto is 2.6 km long and 800 m wide; it has an area of 4 km². This island is sometimes called Tepoto Nord in French, to avoid confusion with Tepoto Atoll (Tepoto Sud) 400 km (240 mi.) to the southwest, in the Raeffsky Islands of central Tuamotu. An obsolete name is Otuho.
According to the 2002 census, its population was 54 inhabitants (there were 67 in 1983). The primary village is Tehekega. There is a 5m wide road running round the whole island.
The first recorded European to arrive to Tepoto Nord was explorer John Byron in 1765. He named Napuka and Tepoto "Disappointment Islands" because the natives were of a hostile disposition.
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Tepoto Sud
Coordinates: 16°48′S 144°16′W / 16.8°S 144.267°W / -16.8; -144.267
Tepoto Atoll (Tepoto Sud), or Ti Poto, is a small atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 44 km southwest of Makemo Atoll.
Tepoto Atoll is almost round in shape. It measures 3.8 km in diameter. Its lovely turquoise-blue lagoon is connected to the ocean by a narrow channel in the north-east.
This atoll is sometimes called Tepoto Sud in French, to distinguish it from the island of Tepoto, approximately 400 km (240 mi) to the northeast in the Disappointment Islands.
The small group formed by Tepoto Sud, Hiti and Tuanake is also known as the "Raevski Atolls". The Tuamotu Reed Warbler and the Polynesian Ground Dove are found in this area.
Tepoto Atoll is permanently uninhabited.
According to articles in Ireland's Own and the Times Educational Supplement Website, the atoll is identified by Tony Crowley as being the site of buried treasure stolen during the 19th century by four adventurers from a church in Pisco, Peru. Over the years, people have searched for the treasure without success, though an Australian visitor to the atoll discovered a cache of medallions, the contents of which indicated they came from South America.
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Tikehau
Coordinates: 15°07′S 148°13′W / 15.117°S 148.217°W / -15.117; -148.217
Tikehau (meaning Peaceful Landing in Tuamotuan) or Porutu-kai is a coral atoll in the Palliser Islands group, part of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is included in the commune of Rangiroa.
Tikehau is located 340 km northeast of Tahiti in the Tuamotu Islands. The nearest atoll, Rangiroa, lies only 12 km to the east. Mataiva, the westernmost atoll of the same group, is located 35 km (21 mi.) to the west.
The atoll's oval-shaped lagoon is 27 km long and 19 km wide with a lagoon area of about 461 km2. The atoll is made up of two major islands and numerous islets. The Northeastern quarter of the atoll is a single, mostly uninhabited island. The whole atoll is surrounded by an almost continuous coral reef. There is a single pass deep and wide enough for navigation in and out of the lagoon: Tuheiava Pass is located on the Western shore. The islands and islets are covered with coconut palms. The main village is called Tuherahera.
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Tikei
Tikei, also known as Manu, Tikai and Tiku is an island in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. Tikei is not a typical Tuamotu atoll, but a separate island. Maximum length: 2.8 Km, maximum width 1.2 Km. (Latitude: 14° 58' 0 S, Longitude: 144° 31' 60 W)
Geographically Tikei is part of the King George Islands (Iles du Roi Georges) subgroup, which includes Ahe, Manihi, Takapoto, Takaroa and Tikei
Tikei is presently uninhabited. Formerly there was human habitation and the main village was called Tereporepo. The closest land is Takapoto Atoll, located 73 Km to the Northwest. Tikei Island has been poorly researched.
The first recorded European to arrive to Tikei was Dutch mariner Jacob Roggeveen on May 18, 1722. He named this island "Carlshoff".
1816 Russian mariner Otto von Kotzebue came to Tikei in 1816. He named it "Romanzov", after the main sponsor of his expedition.
Tikei belongs to the commune of Takaroa, which consists of the island of Takaroa, as well as the island of Tikei and the atoll of Takapoto.
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Tikopia
Tikopia is a small and high island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Covering an area of 5 km² (2 sq. mi.), the island is the remnant of an extinct volcano. Its highest point, Mt. Reani, reaches an elevation of 380 m (1,247 ft) above sea level. Lake Te Roto covers an old volcanic crater which is 80 m deep.
Tikopia's location is relatively remote. It is sometimes grouped with the Santa Cruz Islands. Administratively, Tikopia belongs to Temotu Province as the southernmost of the Solomon Islands.
The population of Tikopia is about 1,200, distributed among more than 20 villages mostly along the coast. The largest village is Matautu on the west coast, not to be confused with Mata-Utu, the capital of Wallis and Futuna. Historically, the tiny island has supported a high-density population of a thousand or so. Strict reproductive policy prevented further increase. Unlike most of the Solomon Islands, the inhabitants are Polynesians, their language, Tikopian, is a member of the Samoic branch of the Polynesian languages and is generally referred to as a Polynesian outlier.
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Toau
Coordinates: 15°49′S 146°00′W / 15.817°S 146°W / -15.817; -146
Toau, Pakuria, or Taha-a-titi is a coral atoll in French Polynesia, one of the Palliser Islands (Îles Pallisier). Toau has a wide lagoon; length 35 km, width 18 km. The nearest land is Fakarava Atoll, located 14 km to the Southeast.
Toau Atoll is almost uninhabited. It has a population of only about forty people, who mostly depend on fishing for their livelihood. The main village is called Maragai.
Captain James Cook was the first recorded European to sight the atoll, in April 1774. In some maps Toau appears as "Elizabeth".
Toau Atoll belongs to the commune of Fakarava, which consists of Fakarava, as well as the atolls of Aratika, Kauehi, Niau, Raraka, Taiaro and Toau.
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Tokelau
Tokelau ( /ˈtoʊkəlaʊ/) is a territory of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400. The atolls lie north of the Samoan Islands, east of Tuvalu, south of the Phoenix Islands, southwest of the more distant Line Islands (both island groups belonging to Kiribati) and northwest of the Cook Islands.
The United Nations General Assembly designated Tokelau a Non-Self-Governing Territory. Until 1976 the official name was Tokelau Islands. Tokelau is sometimes referred to by the older, colonial name of The Union Islands.
The name Tokelau is a Polynesian word meaning "North Wind". The islands were named the Union Islands and Union Group by European explorers at an unknown time. Tokelau Islands was adopted as the name in 1946, and was contracted to Tokelau on 9 December 1976.
The change from Tokelau Islands to Tokelau marked a slight shift in emphasis, with consequences in regional diplomacy, in that the term Tokelau Islands clearly and substantially referred to a geographical expression, that is, a range of islands, whatever else it may connote. It is not necessarily controversial to refer by name to a range of islands, even though they may come under two or more political jurisdictions. Tokelau, on the other hand, can be taken to refer more immediately to some concept of nationhood, arguably infusing increased meaning to the draft 2006 independence constitution of Tokelau (which somewhat controversially claims Tokelauan inhabited Olohega (or Swains Island), currently part of American Samoa, as part of its national territory).[citation needed]
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Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Tongan: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a sovereign state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of ocean in the South Pacific. Fifty-two of the islands are inhabited.
The Kingdom stretches over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 mi) in a north-south line located at about a third of the distance from New Zealand to Hawaii.
Tonga also became known as the Friendly Islands because of the friendly reception accorded to Captain James Cook on his first visit there in 1773. He happened to arrive at the time of the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation of the first fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga, the islands' paramount chief, and received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, in reality the chiefs had wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but could not agree on a plan.
Tonga is also the only island nation in the region to have avoided formal colonisation. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive step towards becoming a fully functioning constitutional monarchy after legislative reforms paved the way for its first ever fully representative elections which resulted in the election of Noble Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō as its first democratically elected Prime Minister.
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Tuamotus
The Tuamotus or the Tuamotu Archipelago (French: Îles Tuamotu, officially Archipel des Tuamotu) are a chain of islands and atolls in French Polynesia. They form the largest chain of atolls in the world, spanning an area of the Pacific Ocean roughly the size of Western Europe. The Tuamotu islands were originally settled by Polynesians who share a common culture and language.
French Polynesia is a semi-autonomous island group designated as an overseas country of France. The Tuamotus combine with the Gambier Islands to form the Îles Tuamotu-Gambier which is one of the five administrative divisions of French Polynesia.
The Tuamotus are grouped into sixteen communes: Anaa; Arutua; Fakarava; Fangatau; Hao; Hikueru; Makemo; Manihi; Napuka; Nukutavake; Puka Puka; Rangiroa; Reao; Takaroa; Tatakoto; and Tureia.
The communes on Tuamotu are part of two different electoral districts (circonscriptions électorales) represented in the Assembly of French Polynesia. The Îles Gambier et Tuamotu Est electoral district comprises the commune of Gambier and eleven communes in eastern Tuamotu: Anaa; Fangatau; Hao; Hikueru; Makemo; Napuka; Nukutavake; Pukapuka; Reao; Tatakoto; and Tureia. The other five communes in western Tuamotu – Arutua; Fakarava; Manihi; Rangiroa; and Takaroa – form the Îles Tuamotu Ouest electoral district .
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Tuanake
Coordinates: 16°40′S 144°13′W / 16.667°S 144.217°W / -16.667; -144.217
Tuanake or Mata-rua-puna is a small atoll of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located 24 km southwest of Makemo Atoll's westernmost point.
Tuanake Atoll is roughly semicircular in shape. It measures 9.5 km in length with a maximum width of 6.5 km. There are some narrow islands on the northern side of its reef with a total land area of about 3 km². Its lagoon is connected to the ocean by a pass located in the southern part of the ringing reef.
Tuanake is located only 6.5 km to the northwest of Hiti Atoll. The small group formed by Tuanake, Tepoto Sud and Hiti is also known as the "Raevski Atolls".
The first recorded European to sight Tuanake was Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820.
Tuanake belongs to the commune of Makemo, which consists of the atolls of Makemo, Haraiki, Marutea Nord, Katiu, Tuanake, Hiti, Tepoto Sud, Raroia, Takume, Taenga and Nihiru. Tuanake Atoll is permanently uninhabited.
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Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls spread out from 6° to 10° south. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. Its population of 10,544 makes it the third-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City and Nauru having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at 0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi), Monaco at 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi) and Nauru at 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi).
The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesian people. In 1568 Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña sailed through the islands and is understood to have sighted Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay (1812–1876). The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, when the Ellice Islands were declared a British protectorate by Captain Gibson, R. N. of HMS Curaçao between 9th and 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and later as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974.
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Two Groups Islands
Coordinates: 18°08′S 142°15′W / 18.133°S 142.25°W / -18.133; -142.25
The Two Groups Islands (French: Îles Deux Groupes) is a minor subgroup of the Tuamotus in French Polynesia. It is formed by the atolls of Marokau and Ravahere.
Marokau lies to the north and Ravahere to the south. The two atolls are separated by a 2 km (1 mi) wide sound.
These two neighboring atolls were discovered by Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768. It was James Cook, however, who named them "Two Groups" the following year. He described Marokau and Revahere as a "chain of islands linked by reefs".
Administratively the Two Groups Islands belong to the commune of Hikueru, which consists of the atolls of Hikueru, Marokau, Ravahere, Reitoru and Tekokota.
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Vahanga
Vahanga is a small uninhabited atoll part of the Acteon Group in the Tuamotu archipelago, French Polynesia and belongs to the municipality of the Gambier Islands.
Vahanga is located 9 km west of Tenarunga and 1362 km southeast of Tahiti . It is a circular atoll with a diameter of 3.6 km and an area of 3.8 km2 (12.6 km6 lagoon inclusive). It is a low atoll with a landing place on the northwest side of the island near a white house, but there is no access to the lagoon.
The first mention of the atoll was made by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name Las Cuatro Coronadas (the "four crowned" (by coconut palms)), however these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel Amphitrite and again in 1837 by Captain Edward Russell on his warship HMS Acteon, the name given to the group. It was previously owned by a man named Captain Nicholas but was redeemed in 1934.
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Vahitahi
Coordinates: 18°47′S 138°50′W / 18.783°S 138.833°W / -18.783; -138.833
Vahitahi, or Vaitake, is an atoll in the eastern area of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Vahitahi's nearest neighbor is Akiaki, which is located 41 km to the northwest.
Vahitahi is a small atoll with an elongated oval shape. It measures approximately 10 km in length and has a maximum width of 4.5 km. Its reef encloses completely the lagoon. The total land area of the islands on its reef is 2,5 km².
The main village is called Mohitu (formerly Temanufaara). There were 103 inhabitants according to the 2002 census.
Vahitahi Atoll was the first land that Louis Antoine de Bougainville found in the Pacific in 1768. He called the atoll Les Quatre Facardins, after a novel of the time. James Cook reached Vahitahi the following year and named it Lagoon Island.
Vahitahi has a territorial airport. It was inaugurated in 1986.
Administratively Vahitahi Atoll belongs to the commune of Nukutavake.
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Vairaatea
Vairaatea is a small atoll of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. Geographically Vairaatea Atoll is part of the East-central subgroup of the Tuamotus, which includes Ahunui, Amanu, Fangatau, Hao and Nukutavake. Nukutavake, the closest land, lies 38 km to the east.
Vairaatea Atoll measures 8 km in length and its width is about 4 km. Its reef has a roughly triangular shape. There are two long islands on it. The reef completely encloses a 13 km² lagoon. Landing on this atoll is difficult on account of the surf and the lack of a safe anchorage.
In 1989 Vairaatea was inhabited by eight families living in a village at the northern end of Puka Runga, the only inhabited island. According to the 1996 census there were 70 people living in Vairaatea.
The first recorded European who arrived to Vairaatea was the Spanish explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós in 1606. He named this atoll "San Miguel Arcángel".
Englishman Samuel Wallis visited Vairaatea in 1767. He named it "Lord Egmont". In some maps it also appears as "Industriel".
wn.com/Vairaatea -
Vanavana
Coordinates: 20°47′S 139°10′W / 20.783°S 139.167°W / -20.783; -139.167
Vanavana, Kurataki, or Huataki is an atoll in the southeastern area of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Vanavana's nearest neighbor is Tureia, which is located 58 km to the east.
Vanavana is a small oval-shaped atoll. It measures approximately 5 km in length and has a maximum width of 3.2 km. Its reef encloses completely the deep lagoon, which is 61 km2. There is one hook-shaped large island in the north and another in the south of its reef.
Vanavana Atoll is uninhabited. Although, the 27 Oct 2005 imagery available in Google Earth clearly shows about 20 buildings arranged in an orderly fashion on the north end of the island.
The first recorded European to arrive to Vanavana was British mariner Captain Frederick Beechey in 1826. He named this atoll "Barrow Island", after Sir John Barrow.
Administratively Vanavana Atoll belongs to the commune of Tureia, which includes the atolls of Tureia, Fangataufa, Moruroa, Tematangi and Vanavana.
wn.com/Vanavana -
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands (French: Wallis et Futuna or Territoire des îles Wallis et Futuna, Fakauvea and Fakafutuna: Uvea mo Futuna), is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast, Samoa to the east, the New Zealand-associated state of Tokelau to the northeast and to a more distant north the Phoenix Islands (Kiribati). (However, Wallis and Futuna is not part of, nor even contiguous with, French Polynesia. Wallis and Futuna is located at the very opposite western end of Polynesia.)
Its land area is 264 km2 with a population of about 15,000. Mata-Utu is the capital and biggest city. The territory is made up of three main volcanic tropical islands along with a number of tiny islets, and is split into two island groups that lie about 260 km apart, namely Wallis Islands (Uvea) in the northeast, and Hoorn Islands (also called the Futuna Islands) in the southwest, including Futuna Island proper and the mostly uninhabited Alofi Island.
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Îles Tuamotu-Gambier
The Îles Tuamotu-Gambier (French: Îles Tuamotu-Gambier or Archipels des Tuamotu et des Gambier or Archipel des Tuamotu-Gambier or Tuamotu-Gambier or officially subdivision administrative des (Îles) Tuamotu-Gambier) geographically consist of the Tuamotus and the Gambier Islands which are geographically located closely together.
Because of a difference between administrative districts and electoral circumscriptions on the Îles Tuamotu-Gambier, French Polynesia has 5 administrative subdivisions (French: subdivisions administratives), but 6 electoral districts/electoral circumscriptions (French: circonscriptions électorales).
Administratively, the Îles Tuamotu-Gambier form one of the 5 administrative subdivisions (subdivision administratives) of French Polynesia, the administrative subdivision of the Tuamotu-Gambier (Islands) (subdivision administrative des (Îles) Tuamotu-Gambier) with 17 communes: The 16 communes Anaa, Arutua, Fakarava, Fangatau, Hao, Hikueru, Makemo, Manihi, Napuka, Nukutavake, Puka-Puka, Rangiroa, Reao, Takaroa-Takapoto, Tatakoto and Tureia of the Tuamotus and the commune Gambier, comprising the Gambier Islands, the Acteon Group, and a few atolls.
wn.com/Îles_Tuamotu-Gambier
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Domingo de Bonechea
Domingo de Bonechea Andonaegui (Basque: Domingo Bonetxea Andonaegi), born on August 8, 1713 in Getaria, Basque Country, died in Tahiti in 1775, was an explorer for the Spanish crown. He is known for having tried to incorporate Tahiti to the Spanish seaborne empire.
He was the son of Juan Bauptista de Bonechea and Francisca Andonaegui, who married on 25 March 1714,a few months after Domingo's birth.
De Bonechea's voyages were commissioned by the Viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat y Juniet, who was concerned that Captain Cook's explorations might lead to the creation of British bases from which to attack Peru. De Bonechea reached Tahiti only weeks after Cook, and indeed found an axe left there by Cook's expedition. He recorded a great many local native words.
On September 26, 1772 de Bonechea went on an exploratory expedition to Tahiti. He sailed with Tomás Gayangos as his lieutenant on the Aguila from Callao harbour, Peru. The expedition reached Tahiti on November 13. He anchored opposite Tautira village which de Bonechea christened "Santísima Cruz". De Bonechea forbade himself and his crew any sexual relations with local women, which surprised the Tahitians greatly. He left Tahiti on December 20 and reached Valparaíso on February 21, 1773.
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Fanny Van de Grift
Frances (Fanny) Matilda Van de Grift Osbourne Stevenson (10 March 1840 —18 February 1914) was the wife of Robert Louis Stevenson and mother of Isobel and Lloyd Osbourne.
Fanny Vandegrift was born in Indianapolis, the daughter of builder Jacob Vandegrift, and his wife Esther Thomas Keen. She was something of a tomboy, and had dark curly hair. At the age of seventeen she married Samuel Osbourne, a lieutenant on the State Governor's staff. Their daughter Isobel (or 'Belle') was born the following year.
Samuel fought in the American Civil War, went with a friend sick with tuberculosis to California, and via San Francisco, he ended up in the silver mines of Nevada. Once settled there he sent for his family. Fanny and the five-year-old Isobel made the long journey via New York, the isthmus of Panama, San Francisco, and finally by wagons and stage-coach to the mining camps of the Reese River, and the town of Austin in Lander County. Life was difficult in the mining town, and there were few women around. Fanny learned to shoot a pistol and to roll her own cigarettes.
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Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, IPA: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃w ðɨ mɐɣɐˈʎɐ̃jʃ]; Spanish: Fernando de Magallanes, IPA: [ferˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He was born in Sabrosa, in northern Portugal, and served King Charles I of Spain in search of a westward route to the "Spice Islands" (modern Maluku Islands in Indonesia).
Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean (then named "peaceful sea" by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of Magellan), and the first to cross the Pacific. It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage, being killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines. (For background see Exploration of the Pacific).
Magellan also gives his name to the Magellanic Penguin, which he was the first European to note, and the Magellanic clouds, now known to be nearby dwarf galaxies.
wn.com/Ferdinand_Magellan -
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century.
From 1438 to 1533, the Incas used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including, besides Peru, large parts of modern Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and central Chile, and southern Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia.
The official language of the empire was Quechua, although hundreds of local languages and dialects of Quechua were spoken. The Inca referred to their empire as Tawantinsuyu which can be translated as The Four Regions or The Four United Provinces.
There were many local forms of worship, most of them concerning local sacred "Huacas", but the Inca leadership encouraged the worship of Inti—the sun god—and imposed its sovereignty above other cults such as that of Pachamama. The Incas considered their King, the Sapa Inca, to be the "child of the sun."
wn.com/Inca_Empire -
Jack London
John Griffith "Jack" London (born John Griffith Chaney, January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone. He is best remembered as the author of Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories "To Build a Fire", "An Odyssey of the North", and "Love of Life".[citation needed] He also wrote of the South Pacific in such stories as "The Pearls of Parlay" and "The Heathen", and of the San Francisco Bay area in The Sea Wolf.
London was a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers and wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics such as his dystopian novel, The Iron Heel and his non-fiction exposé, The People of the Abyss.
Jack London's mother, Flora Wellman, was the fifth and youngest child of Pennsylvania Canal builder Marshall Wellman and his first wife, Eleanor Garrett Jones. Marshall Wellman was a great-great-great-grandson of Puritan Thomas Wellman. Flora left Ohio and moved to the Pacific coast when her father remarried after her mother died. In San Francisco, Flora worked as a music teacher and spiritualist claiming to channel the spirit of an Indian chief.
wn.com/Jack_London -
James Cook
Captain James Cook, FRS, RN (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator and cartographer who ultimately rose to the rank of captain in the Royal Navy. Cook made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, as well as the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.
Cook joined the British merchant navy as a teenager and joined the Royal Navy in 1755. He saw action in the Seven Years' War, and subsequently surveyed and mapped much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege of Quebec. This helped bring Cook to the attention of the Admiralty and Royal Society. This notice came at a crucial moment in both Cook's career and the direction of British overseas exploration, and led to his commission in 1766 as commander of HM Bark Endeavour for the first of three Pacific voyages.
In three voyages Cook sailed thousands of miles across largely uncharted areas of the globe. He mapped lands from New Zealand to Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean in greater detail and on a scale not previously achieved. As he progressed on his voyages of discovery he surveyed and named features, and recorded islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. He displayed a combination of seamanship, superior surveying and cartographic skills, physical courage and an ability to lead men in adverse conditions.
wn.com/James_Cook -
John Byron
Vice Admiral The Hon. John Byron, RN (8 November 1723 – 10 April 1786) was a Royal Navy officer. He was known as Foul-weather Jack because of his frequent bad luck with weather.
Byron was the son of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and Frances Berkeley. He joined the navy in 1731, accompanying George Anson on his circumnavigation as a midshipman. On 14 May 1741, Byron's ship, HMS Wager, was shipwrecked on the coast of Patagonia, and the survivors decided to split in two teams, one to make its way by boat to Rio de Janeiro, the other, John Byron's, to sail North and meet Spaniards. He described his adventures and the Wager Mutiny in The Narrative of the Honourable John Byron (1768), which sold well enough to appear in several editions. These experiences form the basis of the novel The Unknown Shore by Patrick O'Brian, which closely follows Byron's own account.
Byron was commissioned captain of HMS Siren in December 1746.
In 1760 he was in command of a squadron sent to destroy the fortifications at Louisbourg, which had been captured by the British two years before. In July of that year he defeated the French flotilla sent to relieve New France at the Battle of Restigouche.
wn.com/John_Byron -
Pomare V
Pōmare V (3 November 1839 – 12 June 1891) was the last monarch of Tahiti, reigning from 1877 until his forced abdication in 1880. He was the son of Queen Pōmare IV. He was born as Teri'i Tari'a Te-rā-tane and became Heir Apparent and Crown Prince (Ari'i-aue) upon the death of his elder brother on 13 May 1855. He became king of Tahiti on the death of his mother on 17 September 1877. His coronation was on 24 September 1877 at Pape'ete.
He married twice, first on 11 November 1857 to Te-mā-ri'i-Ma'i-hara Te-uhe-a-Te-uru-ra'i, princess of Huahine. He divorced her on 5 August 1861. His second marriage was to Joanna Mara'u-Ta'aroa Te-pa'u Salmon (thereafter known as Her Majesty The Queen Marau of Tahiti), at Pape'ete on 28 January 1875. He divorced her on 25 January 1888.
Pōmare V had one son and two daughters.
On 29 June 1880, he gave Tahiti and its dependencies to France, whereupon he was given a pension by French government and the titular position of Officer of the Orders of the Legion of Honour and Agricultural Merit of France.
wn.com/Pomare_V -
Thor Heyerdahl
Thor Heyerdahl (October 6, 1914, Larvik, Norway – April 18, 2002, Colla Micheri, Italy) was a Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer with a background in zoology and geography. He became notable for his Kon-Tiki expedition, in which he sailed 8,000 km (5,000 mi) across the Pacific Ocean in a self-built raft from South America to the Tuamotu Islands in 1947.
In May 2011, the Thor Heyerdahl Archives were added to UNESCO's "Memory of the World" Register. Currently, this list includes 238 collections from all over the world. The Heyerdahl Archives span the years 1937 to 2002 and include his photographic collection, diaries, private letters, expedition plans, articles, newspaper clippings, original book and article manuscripts. The Heyerdahl Archives are administered by the Kon-Tiki Museum and the National Library of Norway in Oslo.
Heyerdahl was born in Larvik, the son of master brewer Thor Heyerdahl and his wife Alison Lyng. As a young child, Heyerdahl showed a strong interest in zoology. He created a small museum in his childhood home, with a Vipera berus as the main attraction. He studied zoology and geography at the University of Oslo. At the same time, he privately studied Polynesian culture and history, consulting what was then the world's largest private collection of books and papers on Polynesia, owned by Bjarne Kropelien, a wealthy wine merchant in Oslo. This collection was later purchased by the University of Oslo Library from Kropelien's heirs and was attached to the Kon-Tiki Museum research department. After seven terms and consultations with experts in Berlin, a project was developed and sponsored by Heyerdahl's zoology professors, Kristine Bonnevie and Hjalmar Broch. He was to visit some isolated Pacific island groups and study how the local animals had found their way there.
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Tupac Inca Yupanqui
Topa Inca Yupanqui or Túpac Inca Yupanqui (Quechua: Tupaq Inka Yupanki), translated as "noble Inca accountant," was the tenth Sapa Inca (1471–93) of the Inca Empire, and fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac. Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq panaca (one of the clans of Inca nobles).
His father appointed him to head the Inca army in 1463. He extended the realm northward along the Andes through modern Ecuador, and developed a special fondness for the city of Quito, which he rebuilt with architects from Cuzco. During this time his father Pachacuti reorganized the kingdom of Cuzco into the Tahuantinsuyu, the "four provinces".
He became Inca in his turn upon his father's death in 1471, ruling until his own death in 1493. He conquered Chimor, which occupied the northern coast of what is now Peru, the largest remaining rival to the Incas.
Topa Inca Yupanqui is also credited with leading a roughly 10-month-long voyage of exploration into the Pacific around 1480, reportedly visiting islands he called Nina chumpi ("Fire Island") and Hahua chumpi (or Avachumpi, "Outer Island"). The voyage is mentioned in the History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa in 1572. Pedro Sarmiento described the expedition as follows:
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Willem Schouten
Willem Cornelisz Schouten (c. 1567–1625) was a Dutch navigator for the Dutch East India Company. He was the first to sail the Cape Horn route to the Pacific Ocean.
Willem Cornelisz Schouten was born in c. 1567 in Hoorn, Holland, Seventeen Provinces.
In 1615 Willem Cornelisz Schouten and Jacob le Maire sailed from Texel in the Netherlands, in command of an expedition sponsored by Isaac Le Maire and his Australische Compagnie in equal shares with Schouten. A main purpose of the voyage was to search for Terra Australis, which eluded them. A further objective was to evade the trade restrictions of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) by finding a new route to the Pacific and the Spice Islands. In 1616 Schouten rounded Cape Horn, which he named for his birthplace, the Dutch city of Hoorn. He followed the north coasts of New Ireland and New Guinea and visited adjacent islands, including what became known as the Schouten Islands.
Although he had opened an unknown route, the VOC claimed infringement of its monopoly of trade to the Spice Islands. Schouten was arrested (and later released) and his ship confiscated in Java. On his return he would sail again for the VOC, and on one of these trips he died off the coast of Madagascar in 1625.
wn.com/Willem_Schouten
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Honeymoon visits the Tuamotu Islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:38
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Seth, Elizabeth and Tim sail Honeymoon (a Lagoon 380 Catamaran) to the Tuamotu Islands in French Polynesia. Learn more about their trip at www.sailblogs.com/member/honeymoon
http://wn.com/Honeymoon_visits_the_Tuamotu_Islands
Seth, Elizabeth and Tim sail Honeymoon (a Lagoon 380 Catamaran) to the Tuamotu Islands in French Polynesia. Learn more about their trip at www.sailblogs.com/member/honeymoon
Letters Home- Kaukura (Tuamotu)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:49
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Speaking French like it was my first language in Kaukura, an outer island in the Tuamotu archipelago in French Polynesia.
http://wn.com/Letters_Home_Kaukura_Tuamotu
Speaking French like it was my first language in Kaukura, an outer island in the Tuamotu archipelago in French Polynesia.
- published: 14 Oct 2011
- views: 3820
- author: West Lee
MARQUESAS / TUAMOTUS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:46
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Island life after 21 day crossing; from Cabo to the Marquesas
http://wn.com/MARQUESAS_TUAMOTUS
Island life after 21 day crossing; from Cabo to the Marquesas
- published: 23 Apr 2011
- views: 2506
- author: Cale Haugen
Ovive sailing in the tuamotus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:30
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Ovive sailing in the tuamotus filmed by the sailing vessel Malachi
http://wn.com/Ovive_sailing_in_the_tuamotus
Ovive sailing in the tuamotus filmed by the sailing vessel Malachi
- published: 25 Sep 2008
- views: 8981
- author: ovive08
Tuamotus Coconut Crab
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
this little guy will take your hand off
http://wn.com/Tuamotus_Coconut_Crab
this little guy will take your hand off
- published: 14 Jul 2008
- views: 49318
- author: iaminaweshaw
Diving Rangiroa - Tuamotus, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:00
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Rangiroa has 2 passes into the lagoon. Tiputa and Avatoru Pass. Both passes are excellent for diving. Tiputa Pass is one of the top 5 destinations for big fish encounters. Collection of dives between Oct - Dec 2009
http://wn.com/Diving_Rangiroa_Tuamotus,_Tahiti,_French_Polynesia
Rangiroa has 2 passes into the lagoon. Tiputa and Avatoru Pass. Both passes are excellent for diving. Tiputa Pass is one of the top 5 destinations for big fish encounters. Collection of dives between Oct - Dec 2009
- published: 21 Jun 2010
- views: 512
- author: Werner Kruse
Tuamotu & Rebreather.m4v
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Become a fish when rebreather diving in the Tuamotu atolls, Tahiti & her islands. Without bubbles, we are quickly surrounded by manta rays, sharks and able to pet a wild dolphin. For those who still doubt rebreather diving is a plus, check out this video shot during rebreather dives only.
http://wn.com/Tuamotu_Rebreatherm4v
Become a fish when rebreather diving in the Tuamotu atolls, Tahiti & her islands. Without bubbles, we are quickly surrounded by manta rays, sharks and able to pet a wild dolphin. For those who still doubt rebreather diving is a plus, check out this video shot during rebreather dives only.
- published: 03 Apr 2011
- views: 2575
- author: Rodolpheholler
French Polynesia Tuamotu islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
In French Polynesia, the atolls of the Tuamotu form a very special archipelago. This string of 77 atolls spread's out over 1500 km from North to South and 500 km from East to west. These outstanding landscapes of isolated islets surrounded by emerald and jade lagoons, will ravish the visitor. Life has remained simple, with few pastimes. The villages are organized around churches and some shopkeeping. The everyday life is paced by fishing, working on a pearl farm, the harvest of copra in the coconut palm tree fields and the arrivals of planes and cargos.
http://wn.com/French_Polynesia_Tuamotu_islands
In French Polynesia, the atolls of the Tuamotu form a very special archipelago. This string of 77 atolls spread's out over 1500 km from North to South and 500 km from East to west. These outstanding landscapes of isolated islets surrounded by emerald and jade lagoons, will ravish the visitor. Life has remained simple, with few pastimes. The villages are organized around churches and some shopkeeping. The everyday life is paced by fishing, working on a pearl farm, the harvest of copra in the coconut palm tree fields and the arrivals of planes and cargos.
- published: 06 May 2007
- views: 15257
- author: tahitinuicompanies
Tuamotu Dreams
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Updated: 17 Aug 2011
Tuamotus
http://wn.com/Tuamotu_Dreams
Tuamotus
- published: 09 Jul 2008
- views: 7326
- author: greggosharp
TUAMOTU ADVENTURES
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:52
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
...an adventure with bunch of friends taking place in the tuamotu... if you know where this place is, keep the secret! :)
http://wn.com/TUAMOTU_ADVENTURES
...an adventure with bunch of friends taking place in the tuamotu... if you know where this place is, keep the secret! :)
- published: 27 Apr 2011
- views: 7374
- author: hell ton john
Hira Teriinatoofa, Hinano Rider in Tuamotu Islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Hira got power during a trip in Tuamotu Islands. Hira start a new surf season with his new sponsor: Hinano Tahiti Clothing.
http://wn.com/Hira_Teriinatoofa,_Hinano_Rider_in_Tuamotu_Islands
Hira got power during a trip in Tuamotu Islands. Hira start a new surf season with his new sponsor: Hinano Tahiti Clothing.
- published: 10 Mar 2008
- views: 6595
- author: Teahupoo3
SV Delos Explores the Tuamotu Archipelago, Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Follow SV Delos as we explore the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia by sailboat (Video 1 of 2).
http://wn.com/SV_Delos_Explores_the_Tuamotu_Archipelago,_Part_1
Follow SV Delos as we explore the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia by sailboat (Video 1 of 2).
- published: 24 Jul 2010
- views: 2344
- author: briantrautman
The Tuamotus and the atoll of Ahe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
This is another shortie of the voyage of the sailing ketch Southern Cross to the South Pacific. Part 1 is about the Marquesas, part 2 about the Tuamotus, and part 3 is about Tahiti. These shorties were produced for television, and were broadcast for several years as fillers at the end of movies which didn't run all of the allotted time.
http://wn.com/The_Tuamotus_and_the_atoll_of_Ahe
This is another shortie of the voyage of the sailing ketch Southern Cross to the South Pacific. Part 1 is about the Marquesas, part 2 about the Tuamotus, and part 3 is about Tahiti. These shorties were produced for television, and were broadcast for several years as fillers at the end of movies which didn't run all of the allotted time.
- published: 05 Jun 2009
- views: 1667
- author: MrMikeneitzel
The Aranui Experience Part 1: Fakarava, Tuamotu Islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
www.rarolens.com - The Aranui Experience. The first port of call on the Aranui 3 trip to the Marquesas Islands is at the atoll of Fakareva, one of the Tuamotu Islands.
http://wn.com/The_Aranui_Experience_Part_1_Fakarava,_Tuamotu_Islands
www.rarolens.com - The Aranui Experience. The first port of call on the Aranui 3 trip to the Marquesas Islands is at the atoll of Fakareva, one of the Tuamotu Islands.
- published: 22 Jul 2010
- views: 2095
- author: penelopecin
SV Delos Explores the Tuamotu Archipelago, Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Updated: 09 Sep 2012
Follow SV Delos as we explore the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia by sailboat (Video 2 of 2).
http://wn.com/SV_Delos_Explores_the_Tuamotu_Archipelago,_Part_2
Follow SV Delos as we explore the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia by sailboat (Video 2 of 2).
- published: 24 Jul 2010
- views: 2300
- author: briantrautman
Oxbow LFX Escape Tour Tuamotus 05 Teaser
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:53
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Oxbow LFX Escape Tour Tuamotus 05 Teaser - Malik Joyeux, Manoa Drollet, Prisca Amaru, Jeremie Eloy, Duane Desoto
http://wn.com/Oxbow_LFX_Escape_Tour_Tuamotus_05_Teaser
Oxbow LFX Escape Tour Tuamotus 05 Teaser - Malik Joyeux, Manoa Drollet, Prisca Amaru, Jeremie Eloy, Duane Desoto
- published: 30 Mar 2009
- views: 1987
- author: djcalyptratus2
Surf Trip Tuamotu- Teaser Canon HD Polynesie by Julien Roulland-Surf Session
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 13 Mar 2011
Surf trip aux Tuamotu Canon surf advertising. Surfers : Sancho, Manoa Drollet, Hira Terinatoofa, Alain Riou. Surf French Polynesian island
http://wn.com/Surf_Trip_Tuamotu_Teaser_Canon_HD_Polynesie_by_Julien_Roulland-Surf_Session
Surf trip aux Tuamotu Canon surf advertising. Surfers : Sancho, Manoa Drollet, Hira Terinatoofa, Alain Riou. Surf French Polynesian island
- published: 08 Mar 2009
- views: 1603
- author: Julienomade
Haumana Tahiti Cruises Tuamotu Rangiroa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 03 Mar 2011
This video was taken on the Haumana. The Haumana is a boutique cruise ship running by Tahiti Cruises in Rangiroa one of the most famous atoll of the Tuamotu archipelago of Tahiti French Polynsesia.
http://wn.com/Haumana_Tahiti_Cruises_Tuamotu_Rangiroa
This video was taken on the Haumana. The Haumana is a boutique cruise ship running by Tahiti Cruises in Rangiroa one of the most famous atoll of the Tuamotu archipelago of Tahiti French Polynsesia.
- published: 04 Sep 2007
- views: 4331
- author: tuanua
TUAMOTU ADVENTURES 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
a vacation video taking place in the tuamotu islands...
http://wn.com/TUAMOTU_ADVENTURES_2
a vacation video taking place in the tuamotu islands...
- published: 13 Jun 2012
- views: 4839
- author: hell ton john
Paumotu, gens des Tuamotu (Polynésie française, été 2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
La vie, simplement, sur les atolls des Tuamotu : Anaa, Kaukura, Arutua en juillet et août 2010 (Polynésie française).
http://wn.com/Paumotu,_gens_des_Tuamotu_Polynésie_française,_été_2010
La vie, simplement, sur les atolls des Tuamotu : Anaa, Kaukura, Arutua en juillet et août 2010 (Polynésie française).
- published: 01 Oct 2010
- views: 6991
- author: Th. Angulo
2010 Solar Eclipse from the Tuamotu archipelago
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Updated: 26 Aug 2010
www.rarolens.com - Eclipse chasers and the total eclipse of the sun visible from on board the Aranui 3 sailing in the Tuamotu Islands in French Polynesia, 11 July 2010. The captain of the Aranui did a fantastic job finding a clear patch of sky to view totality.
http://wn.com/2010_Solar_Eclipse_from_the_Tuamotu_archipelago
www.rarolens.com - Eclipse chasers and the total eclipse of the sun visible from on board the Aranui 3 sailing in the Tuamotu Islands in French Polynesia, 11 July 2010. The captain of the Aranui did a fantastic job finding a clear patch of sky to view totality.
- published: 17 Jul 2010
- views: 843
- author: penelopecin
C4 in the Tuamotus Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 10 May 2012
Check out the C4 Team paddle-surfing an insane left barrel in the Tuamotus. Featuring footage of C4 Team Riders Raimana Van Bastolaer, Brian Keaulana, and Todd Bradley. Part 1 of 2.
http://wn.com/C4_in_the_Tuamotus_Part_1
Check out the C4 Team paddle-surfing an insane left barrel in the Tuamotus. Featuring footage of C4 Team Riders Raimana Van Bastolaer, Brian Keaulana, and Todd Bradley. Part 1 of 2.
- published: 30 Jan 2008
- views: 1861
- author: c4waterman
A Slow Boat to Somewhere: Puka Puka, Tuamotus, French Polynesia - Oceans 8 Film by Jon Bowermaster
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 28 Apr 2012
First seen by westerners in the 1520s, by Magellan, mans touch has even reached this most remote atoll in the Tuamotus. www.jonbowermaster.com
http://wn.com/A_Slow_Boat_to_Somewhere_Puka_Puka,_Tuamotus,_French_Polynesia_Oceans_8_Film_by_Jon_Bowermaster
First seen by westerners in the 1520s, by Magellan, mans touch has even reached this most remote atoll in the Tuamotus. www.jonbowermaster.com
- published: 09 Jun 2009
- views: 731
- author: notesfromsealevel
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
06 Dec 2012
NEW BATAAN, Philippines - A powerful typhoon that washed away emergency shelters, a military camp and possibly entire families in the southern Philippines has killed almost 350 people with nearly 400 missing, authorities said Thursday. More bodies were retrieved from hardest-hit Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental provinces and six others impacted by Tuesday's storm, the Office of Civil Defense reported ... "It was horrible ... --- ... Location....(size: 8.0Kb)
photo: AP / Osama Faisal
08 Dec 2012
There has been a historic shift in the UN climate talks in Qatar, with the prospect of rich nations having to compensate poor nations for losses due to climate change. The US has fiercely opposed the measure - it says the cost could be unlimited. But after angry tussles throughout the night the principle of Loss and Damage is now in the final negotiating text ... The political stakes are high ... "I will block this ... "I will block this ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
photo: AP / Vahid Salemi
07 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. The in- and out-fighting between present-day Saudi Arabia and Iran is a mirror image of what occurred to Prophet Muhammad's Islamic Movement right after his death ... Still, and due to prosperity and wealth, an influx of trade goods, religious toleration, an emphasis on learning, and increased food supplies, Islam was becoming a vast empire ... Recent U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com)....(size: 7.5Kb)
photo: AP / Hassan Ammar
06 Dec 2012
The Egyptian army has deployed tanks and armoured troop carriers outside the presidential palace in Cairo after clashes between supporters and opponents of President Mohammed Morsi left five dead and hundreds injured. But, despite their presence, there are reports of a fresh outbreak of stone-throwing between the two sides. Egypt is seeing growing unrest over a controversial draft constitution ... 'Loud and clear' ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
PR Newswire
06 Dec 2012
Kicking off the new year, Herbert Nitsch, Champion Freediver, will be on board The Gauguin's January 12, 2013, & Society Islands voyage; the January 23, 2013, Society Islands & Tuamotus sailing; and the February 2, 2013, cruise to the Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands. Hailed as the "Deepest Man on Earth," Herbert Nitsch has set 32 world records in freediving and is the recognized master of the sport....(size: 9.6Kb)
PR Newswire
20 Nov 2012
Google. , Nov. 20, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- MEDIA ALERT ... Sale. Book select sailings of the 7-night Tahiti & the Society Islands, the 11-night Cook Islands & Society Islands, or the 14-night Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands and save $800 to $4,350 per person in addition to 50% off standard cruise fares and included airfare from Los Angeles. . BLACK FRIDAY BONUS ... ... Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands....(size: 6.9Kb)
Stuff
19 Nov 2012
Escape big-city stress with a chilled-out back-to-nature break ... 1. Wilderness wonders. Wolgan Valley Resort & Spa, Blue Mountains, Australia ... Charles Darwin fell for Wolgan Valley in the 19th century, and it's easy to see why. 2 ... Tikehau Pearl Beach Resort, Tuamotus, French Polynesia ... The Tuamotus archipelago is one of the latter, playing host to tropical Tikehau Pearl Beach Resort hotel on an intimate motu (or mini isle) ... 3. Natural highs ... 4....(size: 7.9Kb)
Reuters
16 Nov 2012
LONDON (Reuters) - Escape big-city stress with a chilled-out back-to-nature break ... 1. Wilderness wonders. Wolgan Valley Resort & Spa, Blue Mountains, Australia ... Charles Darwin fell for Wolgan Valley in the 19th century, and it's easy to see why ... Tikehau Pearl Beach Resort, Tuamotus, French Polynesia ... The Tuamotus archipelago is one of the latter, playing host to tropical Tikehau Pearl Beach Resort hotel on an intimate motu (or mini isle)....(size: 7.5Kb)
PR Newswire
15 Nov 2012
Google. BELLEVUE, Wash., Nov ... The award recognizes The Gauguin's year-round itineraries ... Itineraries in 2013 include. 7-night Tahiti & the Society Islands; 10-night Society Islands & Tuamotus; 11-night Cook Islands & Society Islands; 11-night Australs & Society Islands; and 14-night Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands ... About Paul Gauguin Cruises ... Media Contact.. Paul Gauguin Cruises ... (425) 440-6255 ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)
MSNBC
22 Sep 2012
Niall Gifford, 11, attends school on a sailboat in the South Pacific. Markos McFerrin, 7, has done countless math and spelling lessons on the back of a tandem bicycle ... Courtesy of the Gifford family Soaking in sunset from a perch on the boom. Niall Gifford, 11, hangs out with his sister Siobhan Gifford, 6, on the family's sailboat at an atoll in the Tuamotus island group in French Polynesia ... More quality family time ... ... ....(size: 10.0Kb)
PR Newswire
06 Sep 2012
. . Showcasing Cruises in Tahiti, French Polynesia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and Europe. , Sept ... Detailed itineraries are grouped by region and include cruise schedules, maps, highlights, and fares. ... 7-night Tahiti & the Society Islands; 10-night Society Islands & Tuamotus; 11-night & Society Islands; 11-night Australs & Society Islands; and 14-night Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)
PR Newswire
20 Jun 2012
19 Itineraries Feature 22 Countries and 73 Maiden Ports ... In 2013, The Gauguin sails and the South Pacific year round, while The Moana offers voyages in , the , and ... Itineraries include. 7-night Tahiti & the Society Islands; 10-night Society Islands & Tuamotus; 11-night & Society Islands; 11-night Australs & Society Islands; and 14-night Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands ... About Paul Gauguin Cruises ... ....(size: 7.1Kb)
PR Newswire
04 May 2012
... Mr ... In 1999, Mr ... For more information on Mr. Cousteau and the Ocean Futures Society, visit www.oceanfutures.org. During voyages on The Gauguin, Mr. Cousteau will offer a series of lectures with videos of his work in the world's oceans and accompany guests on several dives ... 14-night Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands Cruise. February 2, 2013 10-night Society Islands & Tuamotus Cruise ... November 2, 2013 ... Media Contact. ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)
PR Newswire
30 Mar 2012
... The mission of the Ocean Futures Society is to explore our global oceans, inspiring and educating people throughout the world to act responsibly for their protection ... Parents have an option to join their children on eco-excursions and other activities aboard and ashore ... June 30, 2012 10-night Society Islands & Tuamotus Cruise. July 11, 2012 14-night Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands Cruise. August 18, 2012 ... ... ....(size: 5.9Kb)
CNN
02 Feb 2012
(Lonely Planet) -- No, there's no need to remortgage the house to visit Tahiti and French Polynesia ... Affordable accommodation ... Tip ... Maupiti (Bora Bora's little sister), Raiatea, Tahaa (in the Society islands), Mataiva, Tikehau (in the Tuamotus), Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou (in the Marquesas), Raivavae, and Rurutu (in the Australs) ... Cargo vessels serve most islands on a regular basis, especially within the Society group and the Tuamotus ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
Fox News
03 Oct 2011
If you are thinking about buying a cruise now, timing your purchase can make a big difference. . The cruise industry is now languishing in “value season” -- the slowest cruise booking season of the year, between family summer vacations and the winter holidays ... Why? Let’s explore cruise line pricing strategy. ... “We tried everything ... through Dec., 2011 ... This longer cruise adds the Tuamotus atoll islands to the regular itinerary ... ....(size: 6.8Kb)
The Washington Post
28 Sep 2011
This week’s best travel bargains around the globe. LAND. Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections? ... Laluna Beach Resort on the island of Grenada is offering discounts on its Well-Being Package ... The deal applies to stays Oct. 15-Dec. 19 ... Sea ... Also, save at least $1,200 per person on the April 7 departure of the 14-night Marquesas, Tuamotus & Society Islands cruise; price now starts at $4,997 per person double (plus $28 taxes) ... 8. Info....(size: 4.9Kb)
| Native name: Tuamotu | |
|---|---|
 Flag of the Tuamotu Islands |
|
 |
|
| Geography | |
| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Archipelago | Polynesia |
| Total islands | 78 |
| Major islands | Anaa, Fakarava, Hao, Makemo |
| Area | 850 km2 (328 sq mi) |
| Country | |
|
France
|
|
| Overseas collectivity | French Polynesia |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 15,862 (as of 2002) |
| Density | 18 /km2 (47 /sq mi) |
The Tuamotus or the Tuamotu Archipelago (French: Îles Tuamotu, officially Archipel des Tuamotu) are a chain of islands and atolls in French Polynesia. They form the largest chain of atolls in the world, spanning an area of the Pacific Ocean roughly the size of Western Europe. The Tuamotu islands were originally settled by Polynesians who share a common culture and language.
Contents |
Administrative divisions[link]
French Polynesia is a semi-autonomous island group designated as an overseas country of France. The Tuamotus combine with the Gambier Islands to form the Îles Tuamotu-Gambier which is one of the five administrative divisions of French Polynesia.
The Tuamotus are grouped into sixteen communes: Anaa; Arutua; Fakarava; Fangatau; Hao; Hikueru; Makemo; Manihi; Napuka; Nukutavake; Puka Puka; Rangiroa; Reao; Takaroa; Tatakoto; and Tureia.
Electoral divisions[link]
The communes on Tuamotu are part of two different electoral districts (circonscriptions électorales) represented in the Assembly of French Polynesia. The Îles Gambier et Tuamotu Est electoral district comprises the commune of Gambier and eleven communes in eastern Tuamotu: Anaa; Fangatau; Hao; Hikueru; Makemo; Napuka; Nukutavake; Pukapuka; Reao; Tatakoto; and Tureia. The other five communes in western Tuamotu – Arutua; Fakarava; Manihi; Rangiroa; and Takaroa – form the Îles Tuamotu Ouest electoral district .
Demography[link]
At the 2007 census, the Tuamotus (including the Gambier Islands) had a population of 18,317 inhabitants (15,862 in 2002, 8,100 in 1983). Of these, 769 inhabitants live in a 215-nautical-mile (400 km; 250 mi) radius around Moruroa and Fangataufa, the sites of French nuclear tests.
The common language spoken in the Tuamotus is Tuamotuan, except in Puka-Puka which uses the Marquesan language. The Gambier Islands use Mangarevan.
Economy[link]
The islands' economy is predominantly composed of subsistence agriculture. The most important sources of additional income are the cultivation of black pearls and the preparation of copra. Tourism-related income remains meager, especially by comparison to the tourism industry of the neighboring Society Islands. A modest tourism infrastructure is found on the atolls of Rangiroa and Manihi which have recreational scuba diving and snorkeling destinations.
Geography[link]
Despite the vast spread of the archipelago, it covers a total land area of only about 885 km² (345 sq mi). The climate is warm tropical, without pronounced seasons. The annual average temperature is a relatively continuous 26°C (79°F). Water sources such as lakes or rivers are absent, leaving catchments of rain as the only source of fresh water . The annual average rainfall is 1400 mm (about 55 in). Rainfall is not markedly different throughout the year, although it is lowest during the months of September and November.
Geological stability of the archipelago is high, as it was created by the weakly active Easter Fracture Zone. No volcanic eruptions have been recorded historically.
Flora and fauna[link]
The sparse soil of the coral islands does not permit a diverse vegetation. The coconut palm, which forms the basis for copra production, is of special economic importance. On a few islands, vanilla is also cultivated. Agriculture is generally otherwise limited to simple subsistence. Fruit and vegetable staples include yams, taro, and breadfruit, as well as a wide range of other tropical fruits. Pandanus leaves are traditionally woven together as roof thatch (although nowadays there are a great number of corrugated sheet-metal roofs instead), as well as for other items, such as mats and hats.
The species-rich reefs are home to a diverse range of underwater fauna. Surface creatures are primarily seabirds, insects, and lizards. The Tuamotus have only 57 species of birds, but ten of these are endemic, including the Tuamotu Kingfisher, the Tuamotu Reed Warbler, and the Tuamotu Sandpiper. Thirteen species are globally threatened and one is extinct.[1]
Geology[link]
All of the islands of the Tuamotus are coral "low islands": essentially high sand bars built upon coral reefs. Makatea, southwest of the Palliser Islands, is one of three great phosphate rocks in the Pacific Ocean. The others are Banaba in Kiribati, and the island nation of Nauru. Although geographically part of the Tuamotus, the Gambier Islands, at the southeastern extreme of the archipelago, are geologically and culturally distinct.
In the northwest of the archipelago, the ring-shaped atoll Taiaro provides a rare example of a coral reef with a fully enclosed lagoon. The atoll was officially designated as a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 1977.[2]
History[link]
The early history of the Tuamotu islands is generally shrouded in mystery. Archaeological findings lead to the conclusion that the western Tuamotus were settled from the Society Islands by c. 700. On the islands of Rangiroa, Manihi and Mataiva, there are flat ceremonial platforms (called marae) made of coral blocks, although their exact age is unknown.
Tupac Inca Yupanqui from the Inca Empire is credited with leading a circa 10 month-long voyage of exploration into the Pacific around 1480.[3]
European encounters with the Tuamotus began with that of Ferdinand Magellan, during his circumglobal voyage in 1521. His visit was followed by:
- Portuguese sailor Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1606;
- Dutch mariners Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire in 1616;
- Jakob Roggeveen (who also first sighted Easter Island) in 1722;
- John Byron in 1765;
- Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768;
- James Cook during his first voyage in 1769;
- Domingo de Bonechea in 1774 and
- German navigator Otto von Kotzebue, sailing in the service of the Russian tsars, in 1815.
None of these visits was of political consequence, as the islands were in the sphere of influence of the Pomare dynasty of Tahiti.
It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that the first Christian missionaries arrived. Traders took the islands' pearls to the European markets by the late 19th century, making them coveted possessions. France forced the abdication of King Pomare V of Tahiti and claimed the islands without ever having formally annexed them.
Robert Louis Stevenson and Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson travelled among the Paumotus on the Yacht Casco in 1888; an account of their journey was published as In the South Seas.[4] Jack London wrote a story, "The Seed of McCoy," based on an incident in 1900 when a burning ship, the Pyrenees, was safely beached on Mangareva. In the story, London has the ship sail past Mangareva and all through the Tuamotus before beaching on Fakarava.[5]
The Tuamotus made headlines around the world in 1947, when archaeologist Thor Heyerdahl, sailing from South America, reached Raroia on his raft Kon-Tiki. More recently the islands have been the subject of headlines as the site of French nuclear weapons testing on the atolls of Moruroa and Fangataufa.
Island groups[link]
The Tuamotu archipelago encompasses seven small groups of islands and atolls:
Related island groups include:
- The Gambier Group: Akamaru; Angakauitai; Aukena; Kamaka; Kouaku; Makapu; Makaroa; Mangareva; Manui; Mekiro; Papuri; Puaumu; Taravai; Tokorua; and Totengengie.
- The Outer Gambier Group: Marutea Sud; Maria Est; Morane; and Temoe.
- The Acteon Group: Matureivavao; Tenararo; Tenarunga; and Vahanga.
See also[link]
- French overseas departments and territories
- Islands controlled by France in the Indian and Pacific oceans
References[link]
- ^ Blanvillain, C; Florent, C & V. Thenot (2002) "Land birds of Tuamotu Archipelago, Polynesia: relative abundance and changes during the 20th century with particular reference to the critically endangered Polynesian ground-dove (Gallicolumba erythroptera)". Biological Conservation 103 (2): 139-149 doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00112-4
- ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information". Unesco.com. 2008. http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=FRA+01&mode=all. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ José Antonio del Busto: Tupac Yupanqui, Discoverer of Oceania, Lima 2000
- ^ In the South Seas (1896) & (1900) Chatto & Windus; republished by The Hogarth Press (1987)
- ^ London, Jack (2006). Gary Riedl and Thomas R. Tietze. ed. Jack London's tales of cannibals and headhunters: nine South Seas stories by America's master of adventure. UNM Press. pp. 33–37. ISBN 0-8263-3791-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=n2obXkYcSPcC. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
External links[link]
- Stevenson, Robert L. (1896), In the South Seas
- Official site (Tahiti Tourism board)
- Official site (Geography)
- Official site (Administration)
- http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=44596
| Find more about Tuamotus on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Coordinates: 18°02′27″S 141°24′34″W / 18.04083°S 141.40944°W / -18.04083; -141.40944
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http://wn.com/Tuamotus
Related pages:
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http://cs.wn.com/Tuamotu
http://id.wn.com/Kepulauan Tuamotu
http://es.wn.com/Archipiélago Tuamotu
http://ru.wn.com/Туамоту
http://nl.wn.com/Tuamotu
http://pt.wn.com/Arquipélago de Tuamotu
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http://de.wn.com/Tuamotu-Archipel
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuamotus
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Jon Bowermaster | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1954-06-29) June 29, 1954 (age 57) Normal, Illinois, U.S. |
| Occupation | Oceans Expert, Journalist, Author, Filmmaker, Adventurer |
| Website | |
| www.jonbowermaster.com | |
Jon Bowermaster—(born in Normal, Illinois, on June 29, 1954) is a noted oceans expert, award-winning journalist, author, filmmaker, adventurer and six-time grantee of the National Geographic Expeditions Council.[1]
Contents |
Background/Education[link]
Born in Normal, Illinois, in 1954, Jon grew up in suburbs of Chicago and Rockford, Ill., until attending Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, where he worked at the Des Moines Register for two years as a student. He graduated in 1976 with a bachelor’s degree in journalism. In 1977, Jon received his master’s degree in public affairs reporting from American University in Washington, DC.
Career[link]
Early career[link]
After graduate school, Jon moved to New York City to work for New Times magazine, before returning to Iowa as co-founder and editor of the weekly alternative newspaper The Daily Planet (then The Planet). Living in Iowa from 1977–1984, he wrote his first book, Governor: An Oral Biography of Robert D. Ray, and worked in the commercial film business producing industrial films, television commercials and his first documentary films for Iowa Public Television. In 1985, Jon moved back to New York, taking a job as managing editor of Record magazine, owned and published by Rolling Stone. From 1986 to 1998, he worked as a freelance magazine writer for numerous national and international publications, including The New York Times Magazine, Atlantic Monthly, New Republic, Outside, Men’s Journal and many more.
First National Geographic Assignment[link]
In 1986, Jon befriended polar explorer Will Steger – who had just returned from a historic, unsupported dogsled adventure to the North Pole. As Steger was negotiating the rights to the story of his upcoming Trans-Antarctica expedition, he introduced Jon to editors at the National Geographic Magazine who assigned Jon to cover Steger’s seven month long crossing of Antarctica by dogsled in 1989–1990.
OCEANS 8[link]
From 1998–2008, Jon’s OCEANS 8 project, a series of expeditions to explore the world's ocean from the seat of a sea kayak, allowed Jon and his teams—comprising some of the world's best photographers, filmmakers, scientists and navigators—to reach corners of the world rarely seen. The trips were funded primarily by grants from the National Geographic Expeditions Council and corporate sponsors including Mountain Hardwear, Timberland and others.
Jon began the project with the dream of visiting each of the seven continents, plus Oceania. Comprising eight adventures, the long-term project took Jon and his teams to the heart of the Aleutian Islands, down the coast of Vietnam, through the Tuamotu Atolls in French Polynesia, across the high plains of Bolivia/Chile/Argentina, and up the wild coastline of Gabon in West Africa. Jon explored Croatia's Dalmatian Coast, and visited Tasmania in 2006.[2] In February 2008, Jon and his team completed the final expedition in the 10-year-long project, along the Antarctic Peninsula.
Stories from each OCEANS 8 expedition resulted in books, magazines, lectures, television programs and educational curriculum for the National Geographic Society.[3]
Antarctica[link]
After Jon’s first trip to Antarctica with Will Steger, he developed a passion for the continent and has made many trips back since, to both the high, cold interior and along its 600-mile Peninsula. In 2008 Jon completed his ten-year OCEANS 8 project with a trip to the Larsen Ice Shelf and the Antarctic Peninsula, which is the subject of his recently[when?] released film, TERRA ANTARCTICA: Rediscovering the Seventh Continent. The high-definition, hour-long film chronicles Bowermaster’s exploration of the Peninsula by sea kayak, foot and small plane and was named the best “Ocean Issues” film at the 2009 BLUE Ocean Film Festival in Savannah, Georgia in June 2009.[4]
Notes From Sea Level Blog[link]
Over the years, Jon has traveled to more than 80 countries, or roughly one third of the world’s nations, giving him a unique perspective on how the world is impacted by many of today’s hotly debated environmental issues, including climate change, plastic pollution, overfishing and more.
Through his Web site, www.jonbowermaster.com, and daily blog, Notes From Sea Level, Jon continues his reporting on the health of the world’s ocean and lives of people who depend on it.[5]
Media coverage[link]
Jon’s books, films and adventures have received significant media coverage in a wide-range of outlets including The New York Times,[6][7] National Geographic,[8] The Washington Post,[2] Scientific American,[9] Men’s Journal,[10] ABC's Good Morning America,[11] National Geographic Adventure,[12] The Huffington Post,[13] Condé Nast Traveler,[14] Sierra Trading Post,[15] PlumTV,[16] EarthKeepers, Voice of America,[17][18] ABC News,[19][20] Forbes.com,[21] Canoe & Kayak,[22] Wend, Adventure Kayak,[23][24] Paddler[25] and Men’s Vogue[26]
Awards and Grants[link]
2009, BLUE Ocean Film Festival, “Terra Antarctica” Best Ocean Issues Film[4]
2008, Croatia’s “Golden Pen” award[27]
2008, “Birthplace of the Winds,” Best Adventure Travel film, Reel Paddling Film Festival[28]
2007, Santa Barbara Ocean Film Festival, “OCEANS 8” Best Oceans Series
1999, Lowell Thomas award for Environmental Reporting
1998–2008, six grants from National Geographic Expeditions Council[1]
Bibliography[link]
- Governor: An Oral Biography of Robert D. Ray, 1987
- Saving the Earth: A Citizen's Guide to Environmental Action, co-authored with Will Steger, 1990
- Crossing Antarctica, co-authored with Will Steger, 1993
- The Adventures and Misadventures of Peter Beard In Africa, 1993
- Over the Top of the World, co-authored with Will Steger, 1999
- Birthplace of the Winds: Adventuring in Alaska's Islands of Fire and Ice, 2001
- Aleutian Adventure: Kayaking in the Birthplace of the Winds, 2001
- Alone Against the Sea and Other True Adventures, 2004
- Descending the Dragon: My Journey Down the Coast of Vietnam, 2008
- Wildebeest in a Rainstorm: Profiles of Our Most Intriguing Adventurers, Conservationists, Shagbags and Wanderers, 2009
Filmography[link]
- Birthplace of the Winds: Sea Kayaking Alaska, 2006
- The Lost Coast of Gabon: Sea Kayaking West Africa, 2006
- Around Tasmania: Sea Kayaking Australia, 2006
- Into the Altiplano Part 1: Sea Kayaking Argentina, Bolivia & Chile, 2006
- Into the Altiplano Part 2: Sea Kayaking Argentina, Bolivia & Chile, 2006
- Borderland: Sea Kayaking Croatia, 2006
- A Slow Boat to Somewhere: Exploring French Polynesia, 2004
- The Dangerous Archipelago: Sea Kayaking French Polynesia, 2004
- TERRA ANTARCTICA: Rediscovering the Seventh Continent, 2009
In Production:
- SoLA: A Louisiana Water Story
- What Would Darwin Think? Man Versus Nature in the Galapagos
- Bluefin: In the Wake of Big Tuna
Lectures[link]
- National Geographic Society “Quest for Adventure” Lecture (2008, 2004, 2002, 2001), Washington, D.C.
- Royal Geographical Society, London
- The Explorer’s Club, New York
- Aspen Institute, Aspen, CO
- Channel Thirteen/WNET’s Celebration of Teaching and Learning, New York
- American Museum of Natural History “Polar Weekend,” New York
- Golden Gate Institute, San Francisco
- Adventures in Travel Expo (Seattle, Washington D.C., New York, Chicago)
- Wild & Scenic Environmental Film Festival, CA
- Santa Barbara Ocean Film Festival (“Best Television Series” award), Santa Barbara, CA
- Macy’s, New York
- REI, Seattle, WA
- Norwegian Tourism Board
- Croatia Tourism Board
- Cigna Insurance Annual Meeting, New York
- Banff Mountain Film and Book Festival, Banff, Canada
- Telluride Mountain Film Festival, Telluride, CO
- San Francisco Ocean Film Festival, San Francisco
References[link]
- ^ a b "''About Jon Bowermaster''". Jonbowermaster.com. http://www.jonbowermaster.com/about.php. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ a b "''The Washington Post'' – How a Kayak Can Get You a Long Way, Even in the Desert". The Washington Post. February 10, 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/08/AR2008020801359.html. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Jon Bowermaster OCEANS 8''". Jonbowermaster.com. http://www.jonbowermaster.com/oceans8.php. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ a b "BLUE Ocean Film Festival". BLUE Ocean Film Festival. January 6, 2012. http://www.blueoceanfilmfestival.org. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "Notes from Sea Level Blog". Jonbowermaster.com. http://jonbowermaster.com/blog. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Hammer, Joshua (December 5, 2008). "''The New York Times'' – Sunday Book Review – Holiday Books – Travel". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/07/books/review/Hammer-t.html. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Revkin, Andrew C. (December 4, 2008). "''The New York Times'' – World – Cruise Boat Runs Aground Off Antarctica". The New York Times. Antarctic Regions. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/world/05cruise.html. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''National Geographic'' – Special Report: The Sinking of the ''Explorer''". Nationalgeographic.com. October 17, 2002. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/news/explorer-sinks-antarctica.html. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Post a Comment (November 10, 2008). "''Scientific American'' – Kayaking Antarctica with Jon Bowermaster". Scientificamerican.com. http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=kayaking-antarctica-with-jon-bowerm-08-11-12. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Men's Journal'' – Paddling the Seas" (PDF). http://www.jonbowermaster.com/press/mens_journal.pdf. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ 10/08/2009. "ABC News – ''Good Morning America'' – Fish Can't Survive in 'Fishing Dead Zone'". Abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=8424988. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ USA (November 25, 2008). "''National Geographic Adventure'' – Adventure Travel in Antarctica – The White Continent Heats Up". Adventure.nationalgeographic.com. http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/antarctica/jon-bowermaster-text. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''The Huffington Post'' – Antarctic Evolution". Huffington Post. April 3, 2008. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jon-bowermaster/antarctic-evolution_b_94933.html. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Bowermaster, Jon. "''Condé Nast Traveler'' – Places + Prices: St. Vincent and the Grenadines – 32 If By Sea". Concierge.com. http://www.concierge.com/cntraveler/articles/11857. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Sierra Blogging Post'' – Podcast: Ironman Dave Scott, Author Jon Bowermaster". Blog.sierratradingpost.com. http://blog.sierratradingpost.com/active-professionals/podcast-ironman-dave-scott-author-jon-bowermaster/. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Your name: Bobo (February 19, 2009). "''PlumTV'' – Sport & Outdoors – Unlimited Adventures: Jon Bowermaster". Plumtv.com. http://www.plumtv.com/videos/unlimited-adventures-jon-bowermaster/index.html. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Voice of America'' – Adventurer Explores World by Kayak". Youtube. December 9, 2008. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNtY09Jjidk. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Voice of America – Global Adventurer Bowermaster Explores World's Coasts by Sea Kayak[dead link]
- ^ February 2, 2008. "''ABC News'' – Kayaking Among Glaciers". Abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=4231412. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ January 14, 2008 (January 14, 2008). "''ABC News'' – Nature's Edge: Antarctica". Abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=4123565. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Forbes.com Video Network'' – Jim Clash Interviews Ocean's 8 Film-maker Jon Bowermaster". Youtube. August 7, 2007. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_LfZlU5WBE. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Canoe & Kayak'' – Ends of the Earth – OCEANS 8 in Photos" (PDF). http://www.jonbowermaster.com/press/canoe_kayak_mag.pdf. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Adventure Kayak'' – From the seat of a kayak, looking out" (PDF). http://www.jonbowermaster.com/press/ad_kayak_5_09.pdf. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "Adventure Kayak – ''Flotsam & Jetsam'' – News from the Paddling World – The Ocean Ambassador" (PDF). http://www.jonbowermaster.com/press/ad_kayak_flotsam.pdf. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Paddler'' – 40 Degrees and Rising" (PDF). http://www.jonbowermaster.com/press/paddler.pdf. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "''Men's Vogue'' – The Ocean Explorer" (PDF). http://www.jonbowermaster.com/press/mens_vogue.pdf. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Čeština. "Croatian National Tourist Board". Press.croatia.hr. http://press.croatia.hr/pen2007.aspx?setlang=en. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "Reel Paddling Film Festival". Reel Paddling Film Festival. http://www.reelpaddlingfilmfestival.com/films-mainmenu-35/winningfilms-mainmenu-81/102--2008-rpff-award-winning-films.html. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bowermaster, Jon |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | June 29, 1954 |
| Place of birth | Normal, Illinois, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jon_Bowermaster
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Bowermaster
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
