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Pope Symmachus (498–514)

Year 498 (CDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paulinus and Scytha (or, less frequently, year 1251 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 498 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events[link]

By place[link]

Byzantine Empire[link]

• Emperor Anastasius I abolishes the tax throughout the Byzantine Empire, known as the chrysargyron. He reforms the monetary system, using Greek numerals instead of Roman.

Persia[link]

• Kavadh I returns from exile with support of 30,000 troops from the Hephthalites (White Huns) and becomes again king of Persia. He punishes his opponents and probably his brother Djamasp who usurpted the throne.

Asia[link]

• Prince Buretsu, age 9, succeeds his father Ninken and becomes the 25th emperor of Japan.

By topic[link]

Religion[link]

• November 16 – Pope Anastasius II dies after a 2-year reign in which he has tried to conciliate followers of Acacius, late patriarch of Constantinople, who was excommunicated by Felix III. Anastasius is succeeded by Symmachus as the 51st pope, in the official papal selection in the Lateran Palace (Rome).
• November 22 – Antipope Laurentius is elected "pope" in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.
• Flavian II succeeds Palladius as patriarch of Antioch.

Births[link]

• Jie Min Di, emperor of Northern Wei (d. 532)
• Kevin of Glendalough, Irish abbot and saint (d. 618)

Deaths[link]

• November 16 – Pope Anastasius II
• Ninken, emperor of Japan
• Qi Mingdi, emperor of Southern Qi (b. 452)

References[link]

Jonas Martin Frost III (born January 1, 1942) is an American politician, who was the Democratic representative to the U.S. House of Representatives for Texas's 24th congressional district from 1979 to 2005.

Personal life[link]

Born in Glendale, California, Frost grew up in Fort Worth, Texas. He graduated in 1964 with a bachelor's degrees in journalism and history from the University of Missouri. As a student, Frost was editor of The Maneater, was a member of Zeta Beta Tau, and was tapped by Omicron Delta Kappa and QEBH.^[2] He later received his Juris Doctor degree from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1970.

Before going to law school Frost worked as a newspaper reporter. Following his graduation he worked as a law clerk for Federal Judge Sarah T. Hughes of the Northern District of Texas and began a private practice.

Political career[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2011)

Frost ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House in 1974. He tried again successfully in 1978, becoming the second Jewish U.S. congressman from Texas, the first being David Spangler Kaufman. Frost was reelected 12 times without serious opposition.

On October 10, 2002, Martin Frost was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq.

He served two terms as the chairman of the House Democratic Caucus from 1999 to 2003, the number three post in the Democrats' House leadership after the minority leader and minority whip. As Democratic Caucus Chair, Frost was often at odds with another prominent Dallas-area Congressman, Dick Armey, who was the Republican House Majority Leader.

Due to term limits as Democratic Caucus Chair, Frost made a bid for Minority Leader after Dick Gephart resigned in the wake of losing four seats in the 2002 Congressional midterm elections, but Frost dropped out of the race and supported eventual winner Nancy Pelosi. Frost is generally considered a centrist while Pelosi is liberal.

Frost was the ranking member of the House Rules Committee during his last term in the House.

Due to his strong fundraising ability for fellow Democrats, and the fact that he led the 1991 redistricting in Texas, he was one of the targets of a controversial mid-decade redistricting engineered by then-House Majority Leader Tom DeLay. His district, which included portions of Dallas, Fort Worth and Arlington, was redrawn to be much more Republican. Its portions of Fort Worth and Arlington were replaced with wealthier and more Republican territory around Dallas. While Al Gore won the old 24th fairly handily in 2000, the new 24th would have given George W. Bush a staggering 68 percent of the vote in that election. It was an open secret that the new 24th was redrawn for State Representative Kenny Marchant. Moreover, Frost's home in Arlington was shifted into the heavily Republican 6th District, represented by 10-term incumbent Joe Barton. Frost decided to seek re-election in the newly redrawn 32nd District, which included a considerable amount of territory that he had represented from 1979 until 1993. He lost by 10 points to Republican Pete Sessions. Since Ralph Hall's party switch earlier in 2004, Frost had been the only white Democrat to represent a significant portion of the Metroplex.

Retirement[link]

In 2005, Frost was a candidate for chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He dropped out of the race on February 1. On February 15, Frost was hired by FoxNews as a political commentator.

He is now an attorney at Polsinelli Shughart^[3] and president of America Votes.^[4]

In a July 2011 op-ed regarding the debt ceiling crisis, Frost wrote, "We now have a group of U.S. politicians seeking political purity, who seem to have much in common with the Taliban. They are tea party members."^[5]

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Martin Frost at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress