- published: 29 Dec 2012
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- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
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- Abba Eban
- Acting (law)
- Adolf Hitler
- Aharon Abuhatzira
- Aharon Uzan
- Aharon Yariv
- Alumot
- Alva Myrdal
- Amir Peretz
- Amnon Lipkin-Shahak
- Amnon Rubinstein
- Amram Mitzna
- Anwar Sadat
- Ariel Atias
- Ariel Sharon
- Armenian genocide
- Aryeh Deri
- Asher Ohana
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- Authority control
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- Avner Shaki
- Avraham Hirschson
- Avraham Poraz
- Avraham Shochat
- Barack Obama
- Beit Berl
- Belarus
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- Binyamin Mintz
- Brasília
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- David-Zvi Pinkas
- Desmond Tutu
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- Eli Suissa
- Eli Yishai
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- Elimelekh Rimalt
- Eliyahu Sasson
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Alumot
Alumot (Hebrew: אֲלֻמּוֹת, lit. Sheafs) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located to the south of the Sea of Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek HaYarden Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 241.
The community was formed by a kvutza of graduates of the Ben Shemen Agricultural School in 1936 in Zikhron Ya'akov. In 1940 they moved to the area which is today Poria Illit, where they established a temporary settlement named Poria Alumot and earnt a living from agriculture and a sanatorium named Beit Alumot after the kvutza. In 1947 they established a permanent settlement on a hill name Bitania Illit to the south of Poria Hill. However, problems with water and salt in the soil led it to be abandoned in 1967.
The following year the kibbutz was re-established by immigrants from Argentina.
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Beit Berl
Beit Berl (Hebrew: בֵּית בֶּרְל, lit. Berl House) is a village and the largest academic college in Israel in number of students (approximately 7,000) and the range of programs it offers. Located on the outskirts of Kfar Sava, it falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In 2006 it had a permanent population of 260.
Beit Berl was named after Berl Katznelson, the spiritual leader of the Labor movement in Mandate Palestine. The cornerstone was laid on 21 August 1946 and was used as an area base for the Haganah forces, and later by the Israel Defense Forces.
Beit Berl was established in the 1970s, on what had been the training institute for teachers, youth leaders, kibbutz members and immigrant youth, that had been active at the location since the end of the 1940s.
The college received its first permit in 1979 and two years later it gained academic recognition for its junior high school and informal education courses. It was primarily a teacher training college under supervision of the Ministry of Education. The Ministry amalgamated other frameworks of training for teachers from the central area of Israel, such as: The Arab Teacher and Kindergarten Teacher Training Institute, The Art Teachers Training College, The Agricultural Teacher Training College, The Technology Teacher Training Institute, The Academic Teacher Training Institute, and The Schein Teachers Seminar. In 1987 it was granted full recognition for all its specializations.
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Belarus
Belarus (
i/bɛləˈruːs/ bel-ə-ROOSS; Belarusian: Беларусь, Russian pronunciation: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ] Russian: Беларусь, Белоруссия, Belarus', Belorussiya), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Vitsebsk). Over forty percent of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Belarus became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). The borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were incorporated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The nation and its territory were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Belorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.
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Brasília
Brasília (pronounced [bɾaˈziʎɐ] nationwide, in both colloquial and educated speech) is the federal capital of Brazil and the seat of government of the Federal District. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city is located in the Federal District, and is in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,562,963 (3,716,996 in the metropolitan area) as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. However, as a metropolitan area, it ranks lower at sixth. It is listed as a World Heritage Site UNESCO.
As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the Brazilian government. The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies. Planning policies such as the location of residential buildings around expansive urban areas, as well as building the city around large avenues and dividing it into sectors, have sparked a debate and reflection on life in big cities in the 20th century. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector or the Embassy Sector. Brasília hosts 124 foreign embassies.
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Brazil
Brazili/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, 
listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Geva
Geva (Hebrew: גֶּבַע, lit. Hill) is a kibbutz in the Jezreel Valley in Israel. Located near the city of Afula, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council.
Geva was founded in 1921 by Jewish immigrants from Poland and Russia in what is known in Israel as the second and third wave of immigration. As of 1995 it had a population of 547.
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Haifa
Haifa (Hebrew: חֵיפָה, Hebrew pronunciation: [χeiˈfä], Ḥefa; Arabic: حيفا Ḥayfā) is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher. Together these areas form a contiguous urban area home to nearly 600,000 residents which makes up the inner core of the Haifa metropolitan area. Haifa is a mixed city: 90% are Jews, more than a quarter of whom are immigrants from the former Soviet Union, while 10% are Arabs, predominantly of the Christian religion. It is also home to the Bahá'í World Centre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel, the history of settlement at the site spans more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam, a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE). In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a dye-making center. Over the centuries, the city has changed hands: It has been conquered and ruled by the Phoenicians, Persians, Hasmoneans, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, British, and the Israelis. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the city has been governed by the Haifa Municipality.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Knesset
The Knesset (Hebrew: הַכְּנֶסֶת [haˈkneset] ( listen); lit. the gathering or assembly; Arabic: الكنيست) is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.
The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister (although the latter is ceremonially appointed by the President), approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government. In addition, it also recommends a candidate for the State Comptroller to the President, who appoints someone to the post. It also has the power to waive the immunity of its members, remove the President and the State Comptroller from office, remove a Prime Minister convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude, and to dissolve itself and call new elections. The Prime Minister may dissolve the Knesset. However, until an election is completed, the Knesset maintains authority in its current composition.
Knesset members annually convene for plenary assemblies, or plenums, for two annual sittings of at least eight months' duration. The two sittings together form a session. The Knesset may be convened at any other time if thirty or more members demand this in writing or if the government requests. As well as approving or rejecting proposed legislation, the plenum also elects the Speaker and one or more Deputy Speakers.
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Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.
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Nepal
Nepal (नेपाल) (i/nɛˈpɔːl/ ne-PAWLNepali: नेपाल [neˈpal] ( listen)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. Specifically, the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim border Nepal, while across the Himalayas lies the Tibetan Autonomous Region. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 27 million (and 2 million absentee workers living abroad), Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolis. Kathmandu Valley itself has estimated population of 5 million.
Nepal has a rich geography. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. It is awarded to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a 5-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded in Oslo City Hall on 10 December each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46) and the Parliament (1901–04).
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
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Oval Office
The Oval Office, located in the West Wing of the White House, is the official office of the President of the United States.
The room features three large south-facing windows behind the president's desk, and a fireplace at the north end. It has four doors: the east door opens to the Rose Garden; the west door leads to a private smaller study and dining room; the northwest door opens onto the main corridor of the West Wing; and the northeast door opens to the office of the president's secretary.
Presidents generally change the office to suit their personal taste, choosing new furniture, new drapery, and designing their own oval-shaped carpet to take up most of the floor. Paintings are selected from the White House’s own collection, or borrowed from other museums for the president’s term in office.
The Oval Office has become associated in Americans' minds with the presidency itself through memorable images, such as a young John F. Kennedy, Jr. peering through the front panel of his father's desk, President Richard Nixon speaking by telephone with the Apollo 11 astronauts during their moonwalk, and daughter Amy Carter bringing her Siamese cat Misty Malarky Ying Yang to brighten President Jimmy Carter's day.
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President of Israel
The President of the State of Israel (Hebrew: נשיא המדינה, Nesi HaMedina, lit. President of the State; Arabic: رئيس الدولة) is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007. Presidents are elected by the Knesset for a seven year term, and are limited to a single term.
The president is elected by an absolute majority in the Knesset. If no candidate has received an absolute majority by the third round of voting, a simple majority is sufficient. When electing the president, Knesset members vote by secret ballot. The president is elected to a term of seven years, and cannot be re-elected for a second term. Until recently, the president was elected for a five-year term, and was allowed to serve up to two terms in office.
Any Israeli citizen who is a resident of the State is eligible to run for President. The office falls vacant upon completion of a term, resignation, or the decision of three-quarters of the Knesset to remove the president on grounds of misconduct or incapacity. Presidential tenure is not keyed to that of the Knesset in order to assure continuity in government and the nonpartisan character of the office. There is no vice president in the Israeli governmental system. If the president is temporarily incapacitated or leaves office, the speaker of the Knesset becomes acting president.
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Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv, officially Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ; Arabic: تل أبيب), is the second most populous city in Israel. It has a population of 404,400 within city limits, on a land area of 52 km2 (20 sq mi). The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in central-west Israel. In 2010, it was the largest and most populous city in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area of 3,325,700 residents, known as Gush Dan. The city is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality, headed by Ron Huldai. Residents of Tel Aviv are referred to as Tel Avivim.
Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 by the Jewish Community of Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ Yafo; Arabic: يافا Yāfā), on the outskirts of the ancient port city. The growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced Jaffa, which had a majority Arab population at the time. Tel Aviv and Jaffa were merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the establishment of the State of Israel. Tel Aviv's White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of Bauhaus buildings.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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14th Dalai Lama
The 14th Dalai Lama (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, born Lhamo Dondrub, 6 July 1935) is the 14th and current Dalai Lama, as well as the longest lived incumbent. Dalai Lamas are the most influential figures in the Gelugpa lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, although the 14th has consolidated control over the other lineages in recent years. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989, and is also well known for his lifelong advocacy for Tibetans inside and outside Tibet. Tibetans traditionally believe him to be the reincarnation of his predecessors and a manifestation of the Bodhisattva of Compassion.
The Dalai Lama was born in Taktser, Qinghai (also known to Tibetans as Amdo), and was selected as the rebirth of the 13th Dalai Lama two years later, although he was only formally recognized as the 14th Dalai Lama on 17 November 1950, at the age of 15. He inherited control over a government controlling an area roughly corresponding to the Tibet Autonomous Region just as the nascent People's Republic of China wished to assert central control over it. There is a dispute over whether the respective governments reached an agreement for a joint Chinese-Tibetan administration.
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Abba Eban
Abba Eban (Hebrew: אבא אבן, born Abba Solomon Meir; later adopted Aubrey Solomon Eban; 2 February 1915 – 17 November 2002) was an Israeli diplomat and politician.
In his career he was Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister, Education Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, and ambassador to the United States and to the United Nations. He was also Vice President of the United Nations General Assembly and President of the Weizmann Institute of Science.
Born in Cape Town, South Africa, Eban moved to the United Kingdom at an early age. As a child, he recalled being sent to his grandfather's house every weekend to study the Hebrew language and Biblical literature. He lived for a period of time in Belfast.
He was educated at St Olave's Grammar School, then in Southwark, before studying Classics and Oriental languages at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he achieved a triple first. During his time at University and afterwards, Eban was highly involved in the Federation of Zionist Youth and was editor of its ideological journal, The Young Zionist.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] ( listen); 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany (as Führer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945. Hitler is commonly associated with the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II, and the Holocaust.
A decorated veteran of World War I, Hitler joined the German Workers' Party, precursor of the Nazi Party, in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup d'état, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, in Munich. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anticommunism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. After his appointment as chancellor in 1933, he transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. His aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in continental Europe.
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Aharon Abuhatzira
Aharon Abuhatzira (Hebrew: אהרן אבוחצירא, born 28 October 1938) is a former Israeli politician. A former mayor of Ramla, he held several ministerial portfolios in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but resigned from the cabinet after being convicted of larceny, breach of trust and fraud.
Born in the Tafilalt region of Morocco in 1938, Abuhatzira made aliyah to Israel in 1949. He was educated at the Bnei Akiva yeshiva in Kfar Haroeh, before graduating from a Teachers' Seminary in Jerusalem and receiving a BA from Bar-Ilan University. He went on to work as a high school teacher.
He was elected to Ramla city council in 1969 and in 1972 became its mayor. He was elected to the Knesset in 1977 on the National Religious Party's list, and was appointed Minister of Religions in Menachem Begin's government.
In June 1980 Israel Police began investigating claims that Abuhatzira had received 52,500 shekels from religious institutions in 1978 and 1979 for giving funds to non-existent yeshivas. Although he denied the allegations, stating that they were "provocation and a libel", in December 1980 Attorney General Yitzhak Zamir requested that the Knesset lift Abuhatzira's parliamentary immunity so that he could be charged with bribery.
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Aharon Uzan
Aharon Uzan (Hebrew: אהרן אוזן, born 1 November 1924, died 23 January 2007) was an Israeli politician who held several ministerial portfolios between the mid-1960s and mid-1980s.
Uzan was born in Moknine in Tunisia, and was a member of the right-wing Betar movement in his youth. He made aliyah to Israel in 1949 and joined the left-wing Mapai party. He settled in Gilat, serving as the moshav's secretary and treasurer between 1952 and 1959. In 1960 he founded the Negev Moshav Purchasing Company, and managed it until 1968. He also founded the Negev Water and Merhav transport companies.
In 1965 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment's list (the Alignment was an Alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda), and was appointed Deputy Minister of Agriculture in January 1966, a role he held until he lost his seat in the 1969 elections.
Between 1970 and 1973 he was secretary of the Moshavim Movement. Despite not being a Knesset member, he returned to the cabinet in 1974 when he was appointed Minister of Communications. After Golda Meir resigned and Yitzhak Rabin formed a new government later in the year, he became Minister of Agriculture. In March 1975 he regained the Communications portfolio in addition to the Agriculture post. Following Likud's victory in the 1977 elections he lost his cabinet position.
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Aharon Yariv
Aharon "Aharale" Rabinovich Yariv (Hebrew: אהרן רבינוביץ' יריב, 20 December 1920 – 7 May 1994) was an Israeli politician and soldier.
Born in Moscow in the Soviet Union. When he was 15 he immigrated to Israel and studied at the Pardes Hanna Agricultural High School. Yariv began his military service in the Haganah and later the British Army. He then joined the IDF, first as a field officer, and later as the Israeli military attaché to Washington. From 1964 to 1972, Yariv was the head of Aman, the IDF's military intelligence. After the Munich Massacre in 1972, he served as Prime Minister Golda Meir's Advisor on Counterterrorism, where he directed Operation Wrath of God. During the October War of 1973 he also led the Israeli military delegation at the Kilometer 101 talks with Egypt's General Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy which endeavoured to bring about a military disengagement treaty. After leaving the army, he joined the Alignment. He was elected to the Knesset in the 1973 elections, and was appointed Transportation Minister, and then Information Minister. He resigned from the latter post in 1975, and then from the Knesset shortly before the 1977 elections. Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister at the time of his death, gave the eulogy at his funeral in 1994.
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Alva Myrdal
Alva Myrdal (née Reimer; 31 January 1902 – 1 February 1986) was a Swedish sociologist and politician. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. She married Gunnar Myrdal in 1924.
Born in Uppsala, she first came to public notice in the 1930s, and was one of the main driving forces in the creation of the Swedish welfare state. She coauthored with Gunnar Myrdal the book entitled Crisis in the Question of Population (Swedish: Kris i befolkningsfrågan, 1934). The basic premise of Crisis in the Question of Population is to find what social reforms are needed to allow for individual liberty (especially for women) while also promoting child-bearing, and encouraging Swedes to have children. While heralding many sweeping social reforms seen as positive for Sweden, the book also incorporated some of the zeitgeist of the 1930s, in its promotion of the idea of racism, eugenics and compulsory sterilization programs. With architect Sven Markelius she designed Stockholm's cooperative Collective House in 1937 with an eye towards developing more domestic liberty for women.
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Amir Peretz
Amir Peretz (Hebrew: עמיר פרץ, Arabic: عمير بيريتز; born Armand Peretz on 9 March 1952) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for the Labour Party. He is a former Defense Minister of Israel and former leader of the Labour Party, having left those positions in June 2007.
Peretz is the former chairman of the Histadrut trade union federation and defeated Shimon Peres in the primary elections for the Labour leadership on 9 November 2005. He led the Labour Party to a second place showing in the 2006 elections and became Defense Minister on 4 May 2006. He was defeated by Ehud Barak for the Labour leadership on 12 June 2007 and resigned from the cabinet.
Peretz was born as Armand Peretz in the town of Boujad in Morocco. His father was head of the Jewish community in Boujad and owned a petrol station.[citation needed] The family emigrated to Israel when Morocco won independence in 1956. They were settled in the development town of Sderot, where Peretz lived until the age of 18. He went to high school in a nearby kibbutz.
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Amnon Rubinstein
Amnon Rubinstein (Hebrew: אמנון רובינשטיין, born 5 September 1931) is an Israeli law scholar, politician, and columnist. A member of the Knesset between 1977 and 2002, he served in several ministerial positions. He is currently dean of the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) in Herzliya and a patron of Liberal International.
Rubinstein was born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate Era. After serving as a captain in the IDF, he studied economics, international relations, and law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and was called to the bar in 1963. He received a PhD in law from the London School of Economics in 1966. Between 1961 and 1975 he worked as a professor of law at Tel Aviv University, serving as faculty dean from 1968 until 1973.
Rubinstein's political career began when he founded Shinui after the Yom Kippur War. Shinui joined Yigael Yadin's Democratic Movement to form Dash. In the 1977 elections, Dash won 15 seats in the Knesset. Dash's victory came at the expense of the Alignment; for the first time in the 29 years since the founding of the modern state of Israel, the right-wing formed the government. However, Rubinstein opposed Dash's participation in Menachem Begin's Likud government coalition, and Shinui broke away from Dash. Rubinstein retained his seat in the 1981 elections, though Shinui was reduced to two seats. After winning three seats in the 1984 elections Shinui were invited into the governing coalition, and Rubinstein was appointed Minister of Communications. Rubinstein was re-elected again in 1988, but Shinui were left out of the government.
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Amram Mitzna
Amram Mitzna (Hebrew: עמרם מצנע, born 20 February 1945) is an Israeli politician and former general. He is the acting mayor of Yeruham, the former mayor of Haifa (1993–2003) and led the Labour Party from 2002 to 2003.
He was born in Kibbutz Dovrat to Jewish refugees from Germany. He attended a military boarding school in Haifa, graduating in 1963 and enlisting into the IDF the same year. He served in various positions in the IDF armored force, the Command and Staff College, and the Operations Division in the General Staff, receiving the Medal of Distinguished Service for his actions during the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War, both of which saw him wounded.
In 1977 he graduated from the University of Haifa with a degree in geography, before studying at the U.S. Army War College in Pennsylvania, finishing his course in 1979.
In 1986 he was promoted to Major General, and assisted the Head of the Operations branch. In 1987 he became commander of the Central Command, and in 1989 completed the program for senior public figures at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University.
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Anwar Sadat
Anwar El Sadat (Arabic: محمد أنور السادات Anwar as-Sādāt, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mæˈħæmmæd ˈʔɑnwɑɾˤ essæˈdæːt]; 25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. In his eleven years as president he changed Egypt's direction, departing from some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by re-instituting the multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy.
He was a senior member of the Free Officers group that overthrew the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdul Nasser, whom he succeeded as President in 1970. As president he led Egypt in the October War of 1973 to re-acquire Egyptian territory lost to Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider Arab World. Afterwards he engaged in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty. This won him the Nobel Peace Prize but also made him unpopular among some Arabs, resulting in a temporary suspension of Egypt's membership in the Arab League, and eventually his assassination.
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Ariel Atias
Ariel Atias (Hebrew: אריאל אטיאס, born 13 November 1970) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Shas, and as the country's Minister of Housing and Construction. He is also manager of Shas' kosher supervision organization.
Born in Tel Aviv, Atias was first elected to the Knesset on Shas' list in the 2006 elections. In May 2006 he was promoted to the position of Minister of Communications in the current government. In 2007 he tried to get a law passed that would censor violence, sex, and gambling on the internet.
He retained his seat in the 2009 elections, having been placed second on the Shas list, and was appointed Minister of Housing and Construction in the Netanyahu government. On 2 July 2009, it was reported that Atias had called for the segregation of Israel's Arab population from Jewish Israelis, saying that achieving it was "a national duty... populations that should not mix are spreading... I don't think that it is appropriate [for them] to live together".
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Ariel Sharon
Ariel Sharon (Hebrew: אריאל שרון, also known by his diminutive Arik, אַריק, born Ariel Scheinermann, אריאל שיינרמן on 26 February 1928) is an Israeli statesman and retired general, who served as Israel’s 11th Prime Minister. He has been in a permanent vegetative state since suffering a stroke on 4 January 2006.
Sharon was a commander in the Israeli Army since its inception in 1948. As a paratrooper and then officer he participated prominently in the 1948 War of Independence, becoming platoon commander of the Alexandroni Brigade and taking part in many battles, including Operation Ben Nun Alef. He was an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101, the Retribution operations, the 1956 Suez War, the Six-Day War of 1967, the War of Attrition and the Yom-Kippur War of 1973. As Minister of Defense, he directed the 1982 Lebanon War. During his military career, he was considered the greatest Field Commander in Israel's history, and one of the country's greatest ever military strategists. After his assault of the Sinai in the Six-Day War and his encirclement of the Egyptian Third Army in the Yom Kippur War, the Israeli public nicknamed him "The King of Israel" and "The Lion of God".
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Aryeh Deri
Aryeh Deri (Hebrew: אריה דרעי; born February 17, 1959 in Meknes, Morocco) is an Israeli politician, and former leader of Israel's Shas Party.
After Deri was convicted of taking $155,000 in bribes while serving as Interior Minister and given a three-year jail sentence in 2000, he was replaced by Eli Yishai. Due to good behavior, Deri was released from Maasiyahu Prison in 2002 after serving 22 months.
In 2005, he was voted the 58th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.
In June 2011, he announced that he was planning to return to politics.
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Asher Ohana
Asher Ohana (Hebrew: אשר אוחנה, born 1945) is an Israeli civil servant who served as Minister of Religious Affairs between 2001 and 2003.
Born in Morocco in 1945, Ohana joined Shas in 1992, and served on Beit Shemesh's local council. Between 1997 and 1998 he was director general of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, and in 1999 became Shas' secretary general.
When Shas joined Ariel Sharon's national unity government in 2001, Ohana was appointed Minister of Religious Affairs, despite not being a member of the Knesset. He remained in the post until the formation of a new government following the 2003 elections.
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Aung San Suu Kyi
Aung San Suu Kyi MP AC (Burmese:
; MLCTS: aung hcan: cu. krany, IPA: [ʔàʊɴ sʰáɴ sṵ tɕì]; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese opposition politician and General Secretary of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma. In the 1990 general election, the NLD won 59% of the national votes and 81% (392 of 485) of the seats in Parliament. She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections. She remained under house arrest in Burma for almost 15 of the 21 years from 20 July 1989 until her most recent release on 13 November 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent (now former) political prisoners.
Suu Kyi received the Rafto Prize and the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought in 1990 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. In 1992 she was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding by the government of India and the International Simón Bolívar Prize from the government of Venezuela. In 2007, the Government of Canada made her an honorary citizen of that country; at the time, she was one of only four people ever to receive the honor. In 2011, she was awarded the Wallenberg Medal.
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Avigdor Lieberman
Avigdor Lieberman (Hebrew: אביגדור ליברמן, IPA: [aviɡˈdor ˈliberman], (audio) (help·info); born Evet Lvovich Liberman (Russian: Эве́т Льво́вич Ли́берман)) is a Soviet-born Israeli politician. He is currently Member of the Knesset, Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister of Israel. He is the founder and leader of the Yisrael Beiteinu party, whose electoral base are the immigrants from the former Soviet Union.
Lieberman first entered the Knesset in 1999, and has since served in numerous roles in the government, including as Minister of National Infrastructure, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Strategic Affairs, Deputy Prime Minister, and Foreign Affairs Minister.
Lieberman was born on 5 June 1958 in Kishinev, Soviet Union (now Chişinău, Moldova). His father had served in the Red Army and spent seven years in a Siberian Gulag under Joseph Stalin's rule, where he met Evet's mother[citation needed]. After high school, Lieberman applied to study international law at Kiev University, but was, according to an interview, rejected for being Jewish. He then temporarily enrolled at the Chişinău Agriculture Institute with a hydrological land improvement major.
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Avner Shaki
Avner-Hai Shaki (Hebrew: אבנר-חי שאקי, 5 February 1926 - 28 May 2005) was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Born in Safed during the Mandate era, Shaki studied law, gaining a PhD from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He later worked as a lecturer in universities in Canada and the United States.
On 16 July 1970 he entered the Knesset on the National Religious Party's list as a replacement for the deceased Haim-Moshe Shapira, and in September that year was appointed Deputy Minister of Education and Culture. He left the cabinet on 17 July 1972, and on 22 May 1973 he left the party to sit as an Independent, remaining an MK until the next elections.
Shaki returned to the NRP and was elected to the Knesset in 1984. Re-elected in 1988, he was appointed Minister without Portfolio responsible for Jerusalem Affairs in December that year. In 1990 he was appointed Minister of Religious Affairs, serving until the Likud-led coalition lost power following the 1992 elections. Shaki was re-elected in 1992 and 1996, but lost his seat in the 1999 elections.
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Avraham Hirschson
Avraham Hirchson (Hebrew: אברהם הירשזון, born February 11, 1941) was an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Likud and Kadima between 1981 and 1984, and again from 1992 until 2009. He also held the posts of Minister of Communications, Minister of Finance and Minister of Tourism. He resigned following allegations of corruption, and was ultimately convicted of stealing close to 2 million shekels from the National Workers Labor Federation while he was its chairman.
Hirchson was born in Tel Mond and currently resides in Tel Aviv. From 1970 to 1992, he was secretary-general for the National Youth League (the youth branch of the National Histadrut). He has been the chairman of the National Histadrut since 1995 and chairman of the National Health Fund since 1996 (the revisionist counterparts to the larger General Histadrut and General Health Fund respectively). He helped found the March of the Living programme in 1988, but has not been involved in the organization for a number of years. During his involvement with the March of the Living the organization was accused of handling donations in a non-transparent manner.
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Avraham Poraz
Avraham Poraz (Hebrew: אברהם פורז, born 9 August 1945) is an Israeli lawyer and former politician.
Poraz was born in Bucharest, Romania in 1945 and immigrated to Israel in 1950. He served in the Military Police Corps of the Israel Defense Forces and later studied law in the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and was certified as a lawyer.
From 1983 to 1988 he was a member of the Tel Aviv Municipal Council and chairman of the City Auditing Committee. He was chairman of the Shinui Party Secretariat from 1982 to 1983 and again from 1988 to 1990. From 1984 to 1988 he was head of the project for setting up the Israeli Channel 2, the cable TV and the regional radio.
In 1988 he was elected to the Knesset for Shinui. In the following election, he was elected for Meretz, into which Shinui had merged. He served as a member of the House Committee; the Constitution, Law and Justice Committee; the Ethics Committee; the Internal Affairs and Environment Committee and the Finance Committee. He also served as Chairman of the Economics Committee. In February 2003, he was appointed Minister of the Interior by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.
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Avraham Shochat
Avraham Shochat (Hebrew: אברהם שוחט, born 14 June 1936) is a former Israeli politician who twice served as Minister of Finance.
Shochat was born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era. After his national service, in which he served as a corporal in the Nahal paratroopers, he attended the Technion, where he gained a BSc in Civil engineering, also being elected chairman of the university's Student Union during his studies.
He moved to the Negev and was one of the founders of the city of Arad in 1962. He worked as branch director of Solel Boneh in Arad and the Dead Sea area and was a member of the Board of Directors of Israel Aircraft Industries and Negev Phosphates.
In 1967 Shochat became head of the Arad local council. In addition to his mayoral duties he was also deputy chairman of the Union of Local Authorities, chairman of the Development Towns Committee of the Union of Local Authorities.
In the 1984 Knesset elections he was on the Alignment's Knesset list, but failed to win a seat. However, when Aharon Harel resigned from the Knesset in May 1988, Shochat replaced him. He retained his seat in elections in November that year, and was became chairman of the Finance Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee. After being re-elected in 1992 (by which time the Alignment had become the Labour Party), he was appointed Minister of Finance by Yitzhak Rabin. Although he was re-elected again in 1996, the opposition Likud won the election and Shochat lost his ministerial position.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (
i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Benjamin Netanyahu
Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (Hebrew: בִּנְיָמִין "בִּיבִּי" נְתַנְיָהוּ (help·info); born 21 October 1949) is the current Prime Minister of Israel. He serves also as the Chairman of the Likud Party, as a Knesset member, as the Health Minister of Israel, as the Pensioner Affairs Minister of Israel and as the Economic Strategy Minister of Israel.
Netanyahu is the first Israeli prime minister born in Israel after the founding of the state. Netanyahu joined the Israeli Defense Forces during the 1967 Six-Day War, and became a team leader in the Sayeret Matkal special forces unit. He took part in many missions, including Operation Gift and Operation Isotope, during which he was shot in the shoulder. He fought on the front lines in the Yom Kippur War in 1973, taking part in special forces raids along the Suez Canal, and then leading a commando assault deep into Syrian territory. He achieved the rank of captain before being discharged. Netanyahu served as the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations from 1984 to 1988, member of the Likud Party, and was Prime Minister from June 1996 to July 1999.
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Binyamin Mintz
Binyamin Mintz (Hebrew: בנימין מינץ, born 12 January 1903, died 30 May 1961) was an Israeli politician who served briefly as Minister of Postal Services From July 1960 until his death.
Born in Łódź in the Russian Empire (today in Poland), Mintz studied in a hasidic Ger school and was a member of Young Agudat Israel. He made aliyah to Mandate Palestine in 1925, and worked in construction and as a printer.
In 1933 he joined Agudat Israel Workers, and was later a member of the Provisional State Council. In 1949 he was elected to the first Knesset on the list of the United Religious Front (an alliance of the four main religious parties). Re-elected in 1951, 1955 and 1959, he was appointed Minister of Postal Services by David Ben-Gurion on 17 July 1960, serving until his death the following May.
The village of Yad Binyamin, established in 1962, was named in his honour.
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Celso Amorim
Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim (born 3 June 1942) is a Brazilian diplomat who has been Minister of Defence since August 2011. Amorim was the Minister of Foreign Relations from 1993 to 1995 under President Itamar Franco and again from 2003 to 2011 under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
Before his appointment by Lula, Amorim served as Brazil's ambassador to the United Kingdom. On 7 October 2009, Amorim was named the "world's best foreign minister" by Foreign Policy magazine blogger David Rothkopf. On 4 August 2011, Amorim was invited by President Dilma Rousseff to assume the Ministry of Defence.
Amorim was born in Santos, São Paulo, on 3 June 1942. He is married to Ana Maria Amorim and has four children: Vicente, Anita, João, and Pedro.
He graduated from the Rio Branco Institute, an undergraduate school of international relations run by the Ministry of External Relations, in 1965, and obtained his post-graduate degree in International Relations from the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna in 1967.
Amorim was a Portuguese language professor at the Rio Branco Institute, as well as political science and international relations professor at the University of Brasília. He is a permanent member of the Foreign Affairs Department of the University of São Paulo Institute of Advanced Studies.
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Chaim Herzog
Chaim Herzog (Hebrew: חיים הרצוג, 17 September 1918 – 17 April 1997) served as the sixth President of Israel (1983–93), following a distinguished career in both the British Army and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
Herzog was born at Cliftonpark Avenue in Belfast, the son of notable Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, who was Chief Rabbi of Ireland from 1919 to 1937 (and later, of Palestine and Israel), and Sara (née Hillman).[citation needed] The family home (from 1919) was at 33 Bloomfield Avenue, Portobello in Dublin, Ireland. Herzog studied at Wesley College, Dublin and was involved with the Federation of Zionist Youth during his teenage years.
He immigrated to Palestine in 1935, and served in the Jewish paramilitary group Haganah during the Arab revolt of 1936–39.
He went on to earn a degree in law at University College London, and then qualified as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn.
He joined the British army during World War II, operating primarily in Germany as a tank commander in the Armoured Division. There, he was given his lifelong nickname of "Vivian" because the British could not pronounce the name, "Chaim". A Jewish soldier had volunteered that "Vivian" was the English equivalent of "Chaim." (Living History, p. 47) He was commissioned into the Intelligence Corps in 1943 and participated in the liberation of several concentration camps as well as identifying a captured German soldier as Heinrich Himmler. He left the Army in 1947 with the rank of Major.
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Chaim Volozhin
Chaim Volozhin (also known as Chaim ben Yitzchok of Volozhin or Chaim Ickovits; January 21, 1749 – June 14, 1821) was an Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and ethicist. Popularly known as "Reb Chaim Volozhiner" or simply as "Reb Chaim", he was born in Volozhin (aka Vałožyn or Valozhyn) when it was a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He died there while it was under the control of the Russian Empire. It is part of present-day Belarus.
Both he and his elder brother Simcha (d. 1812) studied under Rabbi Aryeh Leib Gunzberg the author of the Shaagas Aryeh, who was then rabbi of Volozhin, and afterward under Rabbi Raphael ha-Kohen (the author of the Toras Yekusiel), later of Hamburg.
Aged 25, he was attracted by the fame of the Vilna Gaon, and he became one of the his most prominent disciples. Submitting to his new teacher's method, he began his studies anew, taking up again Torah, Mishnah, Talmud, and even Hebrew grammar. His admiration for the gaon was boundless, and after his death R. Chaim virtually acknowledged no superior (see Heschel Levin's "Aliyyot Eliyahu", pp. 55-56, Vilna: 1889 OCLC 77975422).
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Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Azriel Weizmann, Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן, Arabic: حاييم وايزمان Hayyiyim Wayizman (November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Zionist leader, President of the Zionist Organization, and the first President of the State of Israel. He was elected on 1 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952.
Weizmann was also a chemist who developed the ABE-process, which produces acetone through bacterial fermentation. He founded the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel.
Weizmann was born in the village of Motal near Pinsk in Belarus (at that time part of the Russian Empire). He was the third of 15 children. His father was a timber merchant. Until the age of 11, he attended a traditional heder. At the age of 11, he entered high school in Pinsk.
Weizmann studied chemistry at the Polytechnic Institute of Darmstadt, Germany, and University of Fribourg, Switzerland. In 1899, he was awarded a doctorate with honors. In 1901, he was appointed assistant lecturer at the University of Geneva and, in 1904, senior lecturer at the University of Manchester.
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Colette Avital
Colette Avital (Hebrew: קולט אביטל, born 1 May 1940) is an Israeli diplomat and politician. She served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party and One Israel between 1999 and 2009.
Born in Bucharest, Romania, Avital made aliyah to Israel with her family in 1950. While still a student, she began working in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a secretary in order to cover the cost of her tuition. Over the years, she rose through the ranks at the ministry; she served with the Israeli delegation to Paris between 1982 and 1985, as ambassador to Portugal from 1988 until 1992, and as Consul General in New York City between 1992 and 1996. Upon returning to Israel, she was appointed Deputy Director in Charge of Western Europe, the third most important position in the ministry.
In 1999 Avital decided to run for the Knesset on behalf of the Labor Party, which formed the One Israel alliance together with Gesher and Meimad. Although she claimed 24th spot on the party list, Labor won only 23 seats in the May elections (One Israel won 26, of which two went to Gesher and one to Meimad) and Avital missed out. However, she entered the Knesset in November 1999 when Labor MK Matan Vilnai resigned. She served briefly as Chair of the Ethics Committee and headed the Investigative Commission for the Identification and Return of the Property of Holocaust Victims, which submitted its conclusions to the government in 2005. She chaired the Immigration, Absorption, and Diaspora Committee and in addition serves as the International Secretary of the Israeli Labor Party.
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Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice ( /ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, and was the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state, as well as the second African American (after Colin Powell), and the second woman (after Madeleine Albright). Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position. Before joining the Bush administration, she was a professor of political science at Stanford University where she served as Provost from 1993 to 1999. Rice also served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and East European Affairs Advisor to President George H.W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification.
Following her confirmation as Secretary of State, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy, with a focus on democracy in the Greater Middle East. Her emphasis on supporting democratically elected governments faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems with U.S. support. While Secretary of State, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.
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Dalia Itzik
Dalia Itzik (Hebrew: דליה איציק), born 20 October 1952, is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Kadima. She has previously served in several ministerial positions, and on 4 May 2006 became the first female speaker of the Knesset, and has since served as President of Israel in an interim capacity on two occasions.
Itzik was born in Jerusalem to a family of Iraqi Jews. She is married to Danny, an employee of the Israel Electric Corporation. They have three children, Ran, Uri and Adi. The family lives in Jerusalem's Ramat Sharett neighborhood.
Before being elected to the 13th Knesset in 1992, Itzik served as the deputy mayor of Jerusalem.
After being re-elected in 1996 and 1999, she was appointed Minister of the Environment in Ehud Barak's government, serving from 1999 until 2001. In 2001 she became Minister of Industry and Trade, before leaving the cabinet in 2002.
Re-elected in 2003, Itzik served as Minister of Communications in 2005. In 2006 she defected to Ariel Sharon's newly formed party, Kadima.
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Dan Meridor
Dan Meridor (Hebrew: דן מרידור, born 23 April 1947) is an Israeli politician and minister. A longtime member of the Likud party, in the late 1990s he became one of the founders of the Centre Party. He rejoined Likud in the early 2000s, and returned to the Knesset following the 2009 elections. Meridor currently serves as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Intelligence and Atomic Energy in the Israeli Cabinet.
Born in Jerusalem towards the end of the Mandate era, Meridor is the son of Eliyahu Meridor, a longtime political associate of Menachem Begin in the Irgun and Herut (which he represented in the Knesset), and Ra'anana Meridor, an associate professor of Classics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
He served in the armored corps and then studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining an LL.B. He then worked as an attorney at the Tel Aviv law firm of Haim Zadok & Co..
After serving as Cabinet Secretary between 1982 and 1984 (under Begin and Yitzhak Shamir), Meridor ran for the Knesset in the Likud list for the 1984 election. As a freshman member, he was appointed chairman of two legislative subcommittees. He was re-elected in 1988, and was appointed Minister of Justice in Shamir's unity government of 1988–90 and in the right-wing cabinet of 1990–92. He retained his seat in the 1992 and 1996 elections, and was appointed Minister of Finance by Binyamin Netanyahu in 1996.
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David Libai
David Libai (Hebrew: דוד ליבאי, born 22 October 1934) is an Israeli jurist and former politician.
Libai was born in Tel Aviv in 1934, where he attended Ironi Alef high school. He studied law at the Hebrew University within the academic reserve program of the IDF. He received his MA from the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law in Tel Aviv University (where he served as Dean of Students) and his PhD from University of Chicago school of law. He served as deputy chief military prosecutor and was discharged as a major.
He began his professional career in the office of Minister of Justice Pinchas Rosen, in charge of the amnesty department and as spokesman for the Ministry. In 1960 he was certified as a lawyer. He was appointed chief assistant to attorney-general Colin Gillon and chief prosecutor of the state workers' disciplinary court.
In 1964 he opened a private law office. In 1977 he became chairman of the Labour Party's constitution committee. From 1983 to 1985 he was head of the Israeli Bar. He has also been a member of the National inquiry commission on prison conditions, member of the Press Council, and chairman of the Israel-Britain Parliamentary Friendship Association. He is an associate professor at Tel Aviv University and the Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center.
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David Remez
David Remez (Hebrew: דוד רמז, born David Drabkin in 1886, died 19 May 1951) was an Israeli politician, the country's first Minister of Transportation, and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence.
Remez was born in the village of Kopys in the Russian Empire (now in Belarus) in 1886 and attended high school there. He studied Law in Turkey before starting work as a teacher. He moved to Ottoman Palestine in 1913, and worked as an agricultural laborer in Ben Shemen, Be'er Tuvia, Karkur and Zikhron Ya'akov.
He became involved in politics and trade unionism soon after the Mandate Era began, serving as Director of the Public Works Office of the Histadrut from 1921 to 1929 as well as on Tel Aviv's city council from 1921 to 1925, and was a founding member of David Ben-Gurion's Mapai party. He became Secretary of the Histadrut in 1930, a position he retained until 1946, and also chaired the Jewish National Council from 1944-1949.
Having signed Israel's declaration of independence, Remez was appointed Minister of Transportation in David Ben-Gurion's provisional government on 14 May 1948, a position he retained after the formation of the first government following the first Knesset elections in 1949. When the first government collapsed in November 1950, Remez became Education Minister taking over from Zalman Shazar. He died in office in May 1951, the first Israeli minister to do so. His Knesset seat was taken by Menachem Cohen.
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David Trimble
William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, PC (born 15 October 1944, in Belfast), is a politician from Northern Ireland. He served as Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP; 1995–2005), was the first First Minister of Northern Ireland (1998–2002), and was a Member of the British Parliament (1990–2005). He is currently a life peer for the Conservative Party. Trimble was awarded the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, along with John Hume.
While a professor of law at Queen's University Belfast, he was elected to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention. He served as Member of Parliament for Upper Bann from 1990 until 2005. He resigned leadership of the UUP soon afterwards. In June 2006, he became a member of the House of Lords, as The Right Honourable William David Trimble by the name, style, and title of Baron Trimble, of Lisnagarvey in the County of Antrim. In April 2007 he left the UUP to join the Conservative Party.
In June 2010, the Israeli government appointed Lord Trimble to be one of two international observers serving on an Israeli commission of inquiry looking into the events surrounding an Israeli raid on the Mavi Marmara, along with Canadian former Judge Advocate General Ken Watkin. The panel concluded both Israel’s naval blockade of Gaza and the interception of the flotilla “were found to be legally pursuant to the rules of international law”.
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Desmond Tutu
Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. He was the first black South African Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, and primate of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa).
Tutu has been active in the defense of human rights and uses his high profile to campaign for the oppressed. He has campaigned to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, poverty, racism, sexism, homophobia, and transphobia. Tutu received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984; the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism in 1986; the Pacem in Terris Award in 1987; the Sydney Peace Prize in 1999; the Gandhi Peace Prize in 2005; and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. Tutu has also compiled several books of his speeches and sayings.
Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born in Klerksdorp, Transvaal, the second of the three children of Zacheriah Zililo Tutu and his wife, Aletta, and the only son. Tutu's family moved to Johannesburg when he was twelve. His father was a teacher and his mother was a cleaner and cook at a school for the blind. Here he met Trevor Huddleston who was a parish priest in the black slum of Sophiatown. "One day," said Tutu, "I was standing in the street with my mother when a white man in a priest's clothing walked past. As he passed us he took off his hat to my mother. I couldn't believe my eyes – a white man who greeted a black working class woman!"
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Dov Yosef
Dov Yosef (Hebrew: דב יוסף, born Bernard Joseph on 27 May 1899, died 7 January 1980) was an Israeli politician and statesman. Yosef served in a variety of ministerial positions during the first two Knessets and was the country's second Minister of Justice, serving twice (1951–52 and 1961–66).
Yosef was born in Montreal, Canada, as Bernard Joseph. He attended McGill University, Université Laval, and the University of London, qualifying as an attorney.
Yosef immigrated to Israel in 1918 with the Canadian Jewish Legion which he helped organize. After the end of World War I, Yosef worked as an attorney in Mandatory Palestine. During Israel's War of Independence he served Military Governor of Jerusalem during the Blockade.
In 1933 Yosef joined David Ben-Gurion's Mapai party. Three years later he became legal adviser to the Political Department of the Jewish Agency. He became a member of the Jewish Agency Executive Committee and a member of the World Zionist Organisation's Political Committee.
In December 1947 the Jewish Agency appointed him head of the Jerusalem Emergency Committee and in August 1948 he became Military Governor of Jerusalem. (see Siege of Jerusalem (1948)). He was elected to the first Knesset in January 1949. He was initially appointed Minister of Rationing and Supply in the first government, a key position during the austerity period. In June 1949 he was also appointed Agriculture Minister.
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Efraim Sneh
Efraim Sneh (Hebrew: אפרים סנה, born 19 September 1944) is an Israeli politician, physician, and a retired Brigadier General in the Israel Defense Forces. He was a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between 1992 and 2008 and served in several ministerial posts. He currently heads the Yisrael Hazaka party, which he established in May 2008.
Born in Tel Aviv in 1944, Sneh is the son of Moshe Sneh, who was one of the heads of the Haganah. His father was elected to the first Knesset as a representative of Mapam, before defecting to Maki, the Israeli Communist Party.
Sneh served in the Nahal infantry battalion from 1962 to 1964. He studied medicine at Tel Aviv University and specialized in internal medicine. Once he finished his studies he returned to military service as a battalion doctor, then as a brigade doctor for the Paratroopers Brigade. In the Yom Kippur War he commanded a medical unit of the brigade in the Battle of The Chinese Farm and battles west of the Suez canal. Sneh also commanded the medical unit at Operation Entebbe, served as commander of the elite Unit 669 and as commander of the security zone in south Lebanon. His last role in the IDF was as head of the civilian administration of the West Bank.
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Ehud Barak
Ehud Barak (Hebrew: אהוד ברק (help·info); born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2001. He was leader of the Labor Party until January 2011 and holds the posts of Minister of Defense and Deputy Prime Minister in Binyamin Netanyahu's government.
He is a graduate in physics, mathematics, and economics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Stanford University. He served as an officer in the Israel Defense Forces. Following a highly decorated career, he was appointed Chief of General Staff in 1991, serving until 1995.
He was born on 12 February 1942 in kibbutz Mishmar HaSharon in Israel. He is the eldest of four sons of Esther (née Godin) (b. 1913) and Yisrael Mendel Brog (1910-2002).
His paternal grandparents, Frieda and Reuven Brog, were murdered in Pušalotas (Pushelat) in the northern Lithuania (then ruled by Russian Empire) in 1912, leaving his father orphaned at the age of two. Barak's maternal grandparents, Elka and Shmuel Godin, died at the Treblinka extermination camp during the Holocaust.
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Ehud Olmert
Ehud Olmert (Hebrew: אהוד אולמרט, IPA: [eˈhud ˈolmeʁt] ( listen), born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He served as Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009 and before that as a Cabinet Minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006. Between his first and second stints as a cabinet member, he served as Mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003.
In 2003 Olmert was re-elected to the Knesset (he had earlier served eight terms), and became a Cabinet Minister and Acting Prime Minister in the government of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. On 4 January 2006, after Sharon suffered a severe hemorrhagic stroke, Olmert began exercising the powers of the office of Prime Minister. Olmert led Kadima to a victory in the March 2006 elections (just two months after Sharon had suffered his stroke), and continued on as Acting Prime Minister. On 14 April, two weeks after the election, Sharon was declared permanently incapacitated, allowing Olmert to legally become Interim Prime Minister. Less than a month later, on 4 May, Olmert and his new, post-election government were approved by the Knesset, thus Olmert officially became Prime Minister of Israel.
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Eli Aflalo
Eli Aflalo (Hebrew: אלי אפללו, born 8 September 1952) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kadima and Likud from 2003 until 2012. Between July 2008 and March 2009 he was the country's Minister of Immigrant Absorption.
Aflalo was born in Casablanca, Morocco in 1952 and made aliyah to Israel in 1962. He completed his army service with the rank of staff sergeant.
He was first elected to the Knesset on the Likud list in 2003, and on 30 March 2005 was appointed as Deputy Minister of Industry, Trade, and Labour.
Towards the end of his first term he defected to the new Kadima party, and was re-elected on its list. On 14 July 2008 he was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption. He retained his seat again in the 2009 elections after being placed 14th on the Kadima list. He left the Knesset to become co-chairman of the Jewish National Fund and was replaced by Avi Duan.
He has three children and currently resides in Afula.
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Eli Suissa
Rabbi Eliyahu "Eli" Suissa (Hebrew: אליהו "אלי" סויסה, born 1956) is a former Israeli politician who held several ministerial portfolios during the 1990s and early 2000s.
Born in Morocco in 1956, Suissa's family made aliyah to Israel later in the same year. He studied at a yeshiva and was ordained as a rabbi.
Despite not being a member of the Knesset, he was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs in Binyamin Netanyahu's government in June 1996. On 7 August he became Minister of Religious Affairs in addition to his existing role, but served for only five days, before Netanyahu took the post himself, before giving it to Zevulon Hammer. Following Hammer's death in January 1998, Netanyahu briefly held the portfolio again, before handing it to Yitzhak Levy. In September 1998 Suissa took over as Religious Affairs Minister again; in all the portfolio changed hands six times during the 3-year government.
In the 1999 elections he was voted into the Knesset on Shas' list, and was appointed Minister of National Infrastructure. He left the cabinet when Shas withdrew from the government in July 2000, but returned when Ariel Sharon formed a new government in March 2001, this time as Minister of Jerusalem Affairs. He served until the 2003 elections, aside from a brief period between 23 May and 3 June 2002 when Shas pulled out of the coalition.
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Eli Yishai
Eliyahu "Eli" Yishai (Hebrew: אליהו "אלי" ישי, born 26 December 1962) is an Israeli politician and head of the Shas party. He currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Shas, and as both one of four Deputy Prime Ministers and Minister of Internal Affairs.
Yishai was born in Jerusalem on 26 December 1962, the second of seven children to Zion and Yvette-Fortuna Yishai who had immigrated from Tunis, Tunisia. Yishai is married and has five children.
Yishai started his political life as a member of the Jerusalem City Council from 1987-1988. He was first elected to the Knesset in the 1996 elections as a member of Shas, the Sephardic and Mizrahi Haredi party, and was made Minister of Labour and Social Welfare in Binyamin Netanyahu's government.
He retained his seat in the 1999 elections, and was again appointed Minister of Labor and Social Welfare in Ehud Barak's government. After Ariel Sharon beat Barak in the 2001 Prime Ministerial election, Yishai was appointed as Interior Minister and made a Deputy Prime Minister in Sharon's national unity government.
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Elie Wiesel
Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel KBE ( /ˈɛli vɨˈzɛl/; Hungarian: Wiesel Lázár; born September 30, 1928) is a Romanian-born Jewish-American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor. He is the author of 57 books, including Night, a work based on his experiences as a prisoner in the Auschwitz, Buna, and Buchenwald concentration camps. Wiesel is also the Advisory Board chairman of the Algemeiner Journal newspaper.
When Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986, the Norwegian Nobel Committee called him a "messenger to mankind," stating that through his struggle to come to terms with "his own personal experience of total humiliation and of the utter contempt for humanity shown in Hitler's death camps", as well as his "practical work in the cause of peace", Wiesel had delivered a powerful message "of peace, atonement and human dignity" to humanity.
Wiesel was born in Sighet,Transylvania (now Sighetu Marmaţiei), Maramureş, Kingdom of Romania, in the Carpathian Mountains. His mother, Sarah Feig, was the daughter of Dodye Feig, a celebrated Vizhnitz Hasid and farmer from a nearby village. He was active and trusted within the community, and in the early years of his life had spent a few months in jail for having helped Polish Jews who escaped and were hungry. It was his father, Chlomo, who instilled a strong sense of humanism in his son, encouraging him to learn Hebrew and to read literature, whereas his mother encouraged him to study the Torah. Wiesel has said his father represented reason, and his mother Sarah promoted faith. In his home, his family spoke Yiddish most of the time, but also Romanian, Hungarian and German. Wiesel had three sisters – older sisters Hilda and Beatrice, and younger sister Tzipora. Beatrice and Hilda survived the war and were reunited with Wiesel at a French orphanage. They eventually emigrated to North America, with Beatrice moving to Montreal, Canada. Tzipora, Chlomo and Sarah did not survive the Holocaust.
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Eliezer Kaplan
Eliezer Kaplan (Hebrew: אליעזר קפלן, 1891 – 13 July 1952) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician, one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence and the country's first Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister.
Born in Minsk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus), Kaplan attended a Heder and high school in Lubitch. He joined the Socialist Zionist Party in 1905, and was one of the founders of the Youth of Zion – Renewal movement in 1908, elected secretary of its Minsk Region branch in 1912. He also helped found the Youth of Zion movement in Russia in 1912 and was a member of its central committee. In 1917 he graduated from a Moscow polytechnic as a building engineer.
In 1919 Kaplan was a member of the Ukrainian delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference. The following year he immigrated to Mandate Palestine, and was involved in merging Youth of Zion with Hapoel Hatzair to form Hitachdut, and following his participation in the Conference of the Zionist Federation in London, was elected to the Zionist Executive Committee. A short while later he was sent to Berlin to run Hitachdut's world office.
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Elimelekh Rimalt
Rabbi Dr Elimelekh-Shimon Rimalt (Hebrew: אלימלך-שמעון רימלט, born 1 November 1907, died 5 November 1987) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician. He served as Minister of Postal Services between December 1969 and August 1970.
Born in Galicia, Rimalt studied at a heder and yeshiva, as well as a Hebrew high school in Kraków. While living in Poland he was one of the founders of the Akiva Hebrew Youth Organisation. He went on to study at a rabbinical seminary in Vienna, and gained a PhD in philosophy from the University of Vienna, where he was chairman of the Zionist Students Group.
In 1939 he made aliyah to Mandate Palestine, and worked as headmaster of a school in Ramat Gan. In 1943 he was appointed director of the city's department of education, serving until 1952.
In 1951 he was elected to the Knesset on the General Zionists list, and was also a member of Ramat Gan city council, serving as deputy mayor responsible for education between 1955 and 1959. In 1952 he became chairman of the General Zionist Labour Federation, a role he held until 1965. By that time the General Zionists had merged into the Liberal Party, which had become a faction within the Gahal alliance (later Likud); Rimalt was appointed chairman of the Liberal Party's directorate in 1965, having won re-election to the Knesset in 1955, 1959, 1961 and 1965.
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Eliyahu Sasson
Eliyahu Sasson (Hebrew: אליהו ששון, born 2 February 1902, died 8 October 1978) was an Israeli politician and minister.
Born in Damascus in Syria, Sasson studied at an Alliance School in his hometown and the Université Saint-Joseph in Beirut. He became a member of the Arab National Movement[citation needed][dubious – discuss] and edited a Jewish-Arab newspaper named Al-Hayat. He made aliyah in 1927 and worked as an electrician, journalist and lecturer on Middle East affairs.
He began working in the political department of the Jewish Agency, serving as head of the Arab department between 1933 and 1948. A member of the Jewish delegation to the United Nations between 1947 and 1948 and at the ceasefire negotiations in 1949, he worked as director of the Middle East department of the Foreign Affairs Ministry between 1948 and 1950, before heading an office in Paris for contacts with Arab nations. He is reported by Benny Morris to have been a member in 1948 of one of the government's unofficial Transfer Committees, set up to facilitate the removal of Arabs from their towns and villages. He also served as the Israeli envoy to Turkey (1950–1952), an envoy and ambassador to Italy (1953–1960) and ambassador to Switzerland (1960–1961).
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Ephraim Katzir
Ephraim Katzir (Hebrew: אפרים קציר) (16 May 1916 – 30 May 2009) was an Israeli biophysicist and former Israeli Labor Party politician. He was the fourth President of Israel from 1973 until 1978.
Katzir was born Efraim Katchalski, son of Yehuda and Tzila Katchalski, in Kiev, in the Russian Empire. In 1925 (several publications cite 1922), he immigrated to Mandate Palestine with his family and settled in Jerusalem. In 1932, he graduated from Gymnasia Rehavia. Like his brother, Aharon, he was interested in science.He studied botany, zoology, chemistry and bacteriology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1938, he received an M.Sc, and in 1941, he received a PhD degree. In 1939, he graduated from the first Haganah officers course, and became commander of the student unit in the field forces ('Hish). He and his brother worked on development of new explosives. In May, 1948, Ephraim was appointed commander of the "Heyl Mada" (HEMED) – scientific research and development corps. His brother, Aharon Katzir, chairman of the Department of Polymer Research at Weizmann Institute, was murdered in the Lod Airport Massacre.
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Ezer Weizman
Ezer Weizman (help·info) (Hebrew: עזר ויצמן, 15 June 1924 - 24 April 2005) was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.
Weizman was born in Tel Aviv as Ezer Weizmann on 15 June 1924. His father, Yechiel, was an agronomist. He grew up in Haifa, and attended the Hebrew Reali School.
He married Reuma Schwartz, sister of Ruth Dayan, wife of Moshe Dayan, and they had two children, Shaul and Michal. Weizman was a nephew of Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann. He died of respiratory failure at his home in Caesarea on 24 April 2005, at the age of 80. He is not buried on Mt. Herzl, where Israeli presidents and prime ministers are usually interred, but alongside his son and daughter-in-law in Or Akiva.
Weizman was a combat pilot. He received his training in the British Army in which he enlisted in 1942 in order to fight the Nazis. He served as a truck driver in the Western Desert campaigns in Egypt and Libya. In 1943, he joined the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and attended aviation school in Rhodesia. He served with the RAF in India in early 1944. Weizman ended his service in the RAF as a sergeant pilot.
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Gad Yaacobi
Gad Yaacobi (Hebrew: גד יעקבי, 18 January 1935 – 27 August 2007) was an Israeli Minister, Alignment Knesset member, and Israel Ambassador to the United Nations.
Yaacobi was born in Kfar Vitkin during Mandate era, where he completed his high-school studies. His academic studies were economics and political science at the Tel Aviv University.
From 1960 to 1961 he served as an assistant to the Agriculture Minister of Israel, and from 1961 to 1966 as head of the Center for Planning and Economic Development in the Agriculture Ministry, appointed by Moshe Dayan.
In 1965 Yaacobi was among the founders of the Rafi party. When Rafi merged into the Labor Party (which formed part of the alliance known as the Alignment), he was appointed to the party's bureau. In the 1969 election, he was elected to the Knesset, and in 1972 was appointed Deputy Transportation Minister. In 1974 he was appointed Transportation Minister by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, a position he held until the 1977 election. In 1984, in the joint Alignment – Likud government, Yaacobi served as Minister of Economy and Planning until 1987, when he was appointed Minister of Communications – a position he held again in the 21st Israeli government, from 1988 to 1990.
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Golda Meir
Golda Meir (Hebrew: גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר [ɡolˈda] or [ˈɡolda] [meˈʔiʁ]; earlier Golda Meyerson, born Golda Mabovich (Голда Мабович); May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was a teacher, kibbutznik and politician who became the fourth Prime Minister of Israel.
Meir was elected Prime Minister of Israel on March 17, 1969, after serving as Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister. Israel's first and the world's third woman to hold such an office, she was described as the "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics years before the epithet became associated with British prime minister Margaret Thatcher. Former prime minister David Ben-Gurion used to call Meir "the best man in the government"; she was often portrayed as the "strong-willed, straight-talking, grey-bunned grandmother of the Jewish people."
In 1974, after the conclusion of the Yom Kippur War, Meir resigned as prime minister. She died in 1978.
Golda Mabovitch (Ukrainian: Ґольда Мабович) was born on May 3, 1898, in Kiev, Russian Empire, in present-day Ukraine, to Blume Neiditch (died 1951) and Moshe Mabovitch (died 1944), a carpenter. Meir wrote in her autobiography that her earliest memories were of her father boarding up the front door in response to rumors of an imminent pogrom. She had two sisters, Sheyna and Tzipke, as well as five other siblings who died in childhood. She was especially close to Sheyna.
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Haim Corfu
Haim Corfu (Hebrew: חיים קורפו, born 6 January 1921) is a former Israeli politician.
Corfu was born in Jerusalem in 1921. He studied in religious schools and yeshivas and attended a religious teachers seminary. In 1937 he joined the Irgun and was a member of the Irgun command in Jerusalem. During that time he also played as a striker for Beitar Jerusalem. He used his training as an electrician to design letter-bombs, exploding chocolate bonbonnières and exploding overcoats. He was in charge of mining the income tax offices on February 26, 1944. He was subsequently interned in Africa by the British, where he also put his skills as an electrician to use in an attempt to escape.
After the establishment of the State of Israel he studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and was certified as a lawyer. From 1967 to 1969 he was a member of Jerusalem city council.
In 1969 he was elected to the seventh Knesset for Gahal, and was subsequently elected to the eighth through twelfth Knessets for Likud. In the seventh and eighth Knessets he was a member of the finance committee and in the eighth he was also a member of the subcommittee for the defense budget. In the ninth and twelfth Knessets he was a member of the foreign affairs & defense committee and in the twelfth he was the chairman of the house committee as well.
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Haim Landau
Haim Landau (Hebrew: חיים לנדאו, 10 September 1916 – 16 October 1981) was an Israeli independence fighter, Knesset member and Minister in the government of Menachem Begin.
Landau was born in Kraków, Austria-Hungary (today in Poland) and made aliyah to Mandate Palestine in 1935. He soon joined Betar and the Irgun and, according to the Irgun website, "took part in reprisals against the Arabs." while still finding time to complete his studies at the Technion as a construction engineer.
By 1940 he was a commander of the Betar branch in Haifa, and in early 1944 was transferred to Tel Aviv and appointed member of the General Headquarters by the end of year. In 1947 he represented the Irgun, together with Begin and Shmuel Katz, at a meeting with the UNSCOP.
Landau was among the founders of the Herut, and was a member of the first to eighth Knessets. He was a member of the Begin cabinent, serving as Minister of Development in 1967–1970 and despite not retaining his seat in the 1977 elections, was made Minister of Transport by Menachem Begin, a role he retained until the 1981 elections. After his death, the Ministry of Transportation renamed Highway 5 after him.
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Haim Ramon
Haim Ramon (Hebrew: חיים רמון, born 10 April 1950) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1983 and 2009, and as both Vice Prime Minister and Minister in the Prime Minister's Office with responsibility for state policy.
Born in Jaffa in 1950, Ramon served in the Israeli Air Force, rising to the rank of Captain, before studying law at Tel Aviv University, earning a BA. He joined the Labor Party (then part of the Alignment alliance as soon as he left the military, and was secretary of its youth wing from 1978 until 1989. He entered the Knesset in May 1983, replacing Daniel Rosolio, and, except for a period between January 2006 and the March 2006 elections, remained a member until 2009. He has been a member of various committees, and chaired the finance committee from 1988 to 1992.
Ramon was appointed Minister of Health in the government of Yitzhak Rabin in 1992 where his major achievement was the promotion of the new National Health Insurance Law (see also: Universal health care in Israel). In February 1994 he resigned his position, over the failure of the Labor Party to support the proposed Health Law, which also required breaking the linkage between the Histadrut Labor Federation and the Clalit Health Fund. In a dramatic speech at a party gathering he compared the party members to beached whales and resigned his position. However, Ramon kept advocating for the law even after his resignation and it was finally passed by the Knesset in the summer of 1994.
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Haim Yosef Zadok
{{Infobox member of the Knesset | image= Haim Yosef Zadok.jpg | birth_date = (1913-10-02)2 October 1913 | birth_place = Rava-Ruska, Austria-Hungary | Year of Aliyah = 1935 | death_date = 15 August 2002(2002-08-15) (aged 88) | death_place = Germany | Knesset(s) = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | Party = Alignment (1969-1978) | Former parties = Mapai (1955-1965)
Labor Alignment (1965-1968)
Labor Party (1968-1969) | Gov't roles = Minister of Trade and Industry
Minister of Development
Minister of Justice
[[Religious Servick (Hebrew: חיים יוסף צדוק, born Haim Wilkenfeld on 2 October 1913, died 15 August 2002) was an Israeli jurist and politician.
Zadok was born in 1913 in Rava-Ruska in Eastern Galicia in Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine). He studied philosophy and Jewish studies at the University of Warsaw. He was a member of the Gordonia youth movement in Poland and in the "Poale Zion Federation" Party.
In 1935 he immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine and joined the Hagana and the Jewish Settlement Police. He studied law at the Hebrew University and was certified as a lawyer. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, he joined the IDF as a lawyer in the office of the Chief Military Prosecutor. In 1949 he joined the legislative department of the Ministry of Justice as a deputy of the Attorney-General, a position he held until 1952.
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Hassan II of Morocco
HM King Hassan II (Arabic: الحسن الثاني, class. pron. (a)l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. (Mar.) el-ḥasan ett(s)âni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (1909–1961) and his wife Lalla Abla bint Tahar (1889–1992).
King Hassan was educated at the Imperial College at Rabat and earned a law degree from the University of Bordeaux.
He was exiled to Corsica by French authorities on 20 August 1953, together with his father Sultan Mohammed V. They were transferred to Madagascar in January 1954. Prince Moulay Hassan acted as his father's political advisor during the exile. Mohammed V and his family returned from exile on 16 November 1955.
Prince Moulay Hassan participated in the February 1956 negotiations for Morocco's independence with his father, who later appointed him Chief of Staff of the newly founded Royal Armed Forces in April 1956. In the unrest of the same year, he led army contingents battling rebels in the mountains of the Rif. Mohammed V changed the title of the Moroccan sovereign from Sultan to King in 1957. Hassan was proclaimed Crown Prince on 19 July 1957, and became King on 26 February 1961, after his father's death. U.S. Ambassador Charles W. Yost saw King Mohammed V hours before his death and was among those who suspected that Hassan II had a hand in his father's sudden death.
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Hussein of Jordan
Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: حسين بن طلال, Ḥusayn bin Ṭalāl; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict. He recognized Israel in 1994, becoming the second Arab head of state to do so.
Hussein claimed to be a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his relations with the ancient Hashemite family.
Hussein was born in Amman on 14 November 1935 to Talal bin Abdullah and Princess Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil. After completing his elementary education in Amman, he was educated at Victoria College in Alexandria. He proceeded to Harrow School in England, where he befriended his cousin Faisal II of Iraq. He pursued further study at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
On 20 July 1951, Prince Hussein traveled to Jerusalem to perform Friday prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque with his grandfather, King Abdullah I, where an assassin opened fire on Abdullah and his grandson. Abdullah was killed, but the 15-year-old Hussein survived the assassination attempt, and according to the Jordanian government, pursued the gunman. The Jordanian government claims that the gunman turned his weapon on the young prince, who was saved when the bullet was deflected by a medal on his uniform which had been given to him by his grandfather.
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Isaac Herzog
Yitzhak "Buji" Herzog (Hebrew: יצחק "בוז'י" הרצוג, born 22 September 1960) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He is currently a member of the Knesset on behalf of the Labor Party, and has previous served as Minister of Welfare & Social Services, Minister of the Diaspora, Society, and the Fight Against Antisemitism, Minister of Housing and Building and Minister of Tourism.
Herzog is the son of Israeli President Chaim Herzog and Aura Herzog, and the grandson of Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog. He was born in Tel Aviv and studied law at Tel Aviv University and Cornell University. Herzog is married with three children, and is nicknamed Buji.
Although he did not win a seat in the 1999 elections, Herzog served as government secretary in Ehud Barak's cabinet until 2001 when Barak was defeated by Ariel Sharon in a special election for Prime Minister. In 1999, he was also investigated in the 'Amutot Barak' scandal (a scandal involving allegations that the party funding law was violated), but maintained his silence. The Attorney General, therefore, decided to close the case against him due to lack of evidence. From 2000 until 2003, he served as chairman of the Israel Anti-Drug Authority.
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Israel Rokach
Israel Rokach, Honorary CBE (Hebrew: ישראל רוקח) (December 31, 1886 – September 13, 1959) was an Israeli politician, Knesset member, and mayor of Tel Aviv from November 15, 1936 to April 13, 1953.
Israel Rokach was born in 1886 in Neve Tzedek, then part of Jaffa. His father, Shimon, a journalist, was one of the founders of the neighborhood. His grandfather, Israel Beck, revived the Hebrew printing industry in Palestine. Rokach attended a cheder and then an Alliance Israélite Universelle school. He traveled to Switzerland, where he continued his education at a high school in Lausanne and then studied electrical engineering at the Zürich polytechnic.
In 1920 Rokach moved to the United Kingdom, where he worked as an electrical engineer. In 1922 he returned to Jaffa, where he opened a store for electrical supplies. In 1933, Rokach married Esther Epstein. He called their daughter Iri (Hebrew: עירי), meaning "My City". She became known also as Livia Rokach, the authoress of "Israel's Sacred Terrorism", a study based on Moshe Sharett's personal diary and other documents.
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Jody Williams
Jody Williams (born 1950) is an American political activist known around the world for her work in banning antipersonnel landmines, her defense of human rights – and especially those of women, and her efforts to promote new understandings of security in today’s world.
She served as the founding coordinator of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) from early 1992 until February 1998. Prior to that work, she spent eleven years on various projects related to the wars in Nicaragua and El Salvador.
In an unprecedented cooperative effort with governments, UN bodies and the International Committee of the Red Cross, she served as a chief strategist and spokesperson for the ICBL, which she developed from two non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with a staff of one – herself – to an international powerhouse of 1,300 NGOs in ninety countries.
From its small beginning and official launch in 1992, Williams and the ICBL dramatically achieved the campaign’s goal of an international treaty banning antipersonnel landmines during a diplomatic conference held in Oslo in September 1997. Three weeks later, she and the ICBL were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. At that time, she became the tenth woman – and third American woman – in its almost hundred-year history to receive the Prize.
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John Hume
John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is a former Irish politician from Derry, Northern Ireland. He was a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, and was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble.
He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), a position he held from 1979 until 2001. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of Parliament for Foyle, as well as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly.
He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the recent political history of Ireland and one of the architects of the Northern Ireland peace process there. He is also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the Martin Luther King Award, the only recipient of the three major peace awards. In 2010 he was named "Ireland's Greatest" in a public poll by Irish national broadcaster RTÉ to find the greatest person in Ireland's history.
John Hume was born in Derry and was a student at St. Columb's College and at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, the leading Catholic seminary in Ireland and a recognised college of the National University of Ireland, where he intended to study for the priesthood. Among his teachers was the future Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich.
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Lauren Bacall
Lauren Bacall ( /ˌlɔrən bəˈkɔːl/; born Betty Joan Perske, September 16, 1924) is an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.
She first emerged as leading lady in the Humphrey Bogart film To Have And Have Not (1944) and continued on in the film noir genre, with appearances in Bogart movies The Big Sleep (1946) and Dark Passage (1947), as well as a comedienne in How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) with Marilyn Monroe and Designing Woman (1957) with Gregory Peck. Bacall has also worked on Broadway in musicals, gaining Tony Awards for Applause in 1970 and Woman of the Year in 1981. Her performance in the movie The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996) earned her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination.
In 1999, Bacall was ranked #20 of the 25 actresses on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars list by the American Film Institute. In 2009, she was selected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to receive an Academy Honorary Award "in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures."
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Lech Wałęsa
Lech Wałęsa (commonly rendered Walesa) (Polish: [ˈlɛx vaˈwɛ̃sa] ( listen), English: /ˌlɛk vəˈwɛnsə/ or /wɔːˈlɛnsə/; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity (Solidarność), the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 1995.
Wałęsa was an electrician by trade, with no higher education. Soon after beginning work at the Gdańsk (then, "Lenin") Shipyards, he became a trade-union activist. For this he was persecuted by the Polish communist government, placed under surveillance, fired in 1976, and arrested several times. In August 1980 he was instrumental in negotiations that led to the ground-breaking Gdańsk Agreement between striking workers and the government, and he became a co-founder of the Solidarity trade-union movement. Arrested again after martial law was imposed and Solidarity was outlawed, upon release he continued his activism and was prominent in the establishment of the 1989 Round Table Agreement that led to semi-free parliamentary elections in June 1989 and to a Solidarity-led government.
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Levi Eshkol
Levi Eshkol (help·info) (Hebrew: לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל, born Levi Shkolnik (Hebrew: לֵוִי שׁקוֹלנִיק) 25 October 1895 – died 26 February 1969) served as the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death from a heart attack in 1969. He was the first Israeli Prime Minister to die in office.
Levi Eshkol (Shkolnik) was born in the village of Oratov, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire (now Orativ, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). His mother (born as Dvora Krasnyansky) came from a Hasidic background and his father (Joseph Shkolnik) came from a family of Mitnagdim. Levi received a traditional education.
In 1914, he left for Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He was a leading member of the Judea Workers' Union in 1915–17 and volunteered for the Jewish Legion in World War I.
Eshkol joined Kibbutz Deganya Bet and married Rivka Maharshek. They divorced shortly after the birth of their daughter, Noa, in 1924. Eshkol's second wife was Elisheva Kaplan, with whom he had three daughters, Dvora, Ofra, and Tama.
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Limor Livnat
Limor Livnat (help·info) (Hebrew: לימור לבנת, born 22 September 1950) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Likud, and as the country's Minister of Culture & Sport.
Born in Haifa, Livnat is the only member of Knesset not to have a secondary education. She barely made ends meet working in advertising and had to rely on financial handouts from her parents.
She first entered the Knesset on 14 April 1992, shortly before the 1992 elections, as a replacement for Haim Corfu. She retained her seat in the election, and in her first term served as chairwoman of the Committee for the Advancement of the Status of Women, the Subcommittee on Laws of Personal Status and the Parliamentary Committee for Investigating Murder of Women by their Spouses.
She retained her seat in the 1996 elections, and was appointed Minister of Communications in Binyamin Netanyahu's government. During her term, she attempted to increase competition in the Israeli communications sector by weakening and privatizing Bezeq, which had previously held a monopoly over the country's landline phone sector.
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Mahendra of Nepal
Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (11 June 1920 – 31 January 1972) was King of Nepal from 1955 to 1972.
Mahendra was born 11 June 1920 to King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal. Although Tribhuvan was nominally king since 1911, he was only window-dressing for de-facto rule by the Rana dynasty of hereditary prime ministers, civil servants and army officers that had been in power since 1846. Mahendra was also captive in Narayanhiti Palace, virtually a gilded cage. In 1940 he married Indra Rajya Laxmi, daughter of General Hari Shamsher Rana. They had three sons, Birendra, Gyanendra, Dhirendra and three daughters Shanti, Sharada and Shobha. Queen Indra died in 1950. In 1952 Mahendra married Indra's sister Ratna Rajya Lakshmi Devi. This marriage produced no children.
Meanwhile, popular discontent and the British withdrawal from India in 1947 had made Rana rule increasingly untenable. In 1950 the political situation had deteriorated so far that the personal safety of the royals was in doubt. Tribhuvan and most of his family escaped to India. Open revolt ensued and by the end of the year the Ranas agreed to a coalition government under Tribhuvan in which they shared power equally with the Nepali Congress Party. By the end of the year the Ranas were maneuvered out and Nepal's first experiment with democratic government under constitutional monarchy was underway. Tribhuvan's health was poor and he died in 1955.
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Persian: محمود احمدینژاد, Mahmūd Ahmadinezhād [mæhˈmuːd(-e) æhmædiːneˈʒɒːd] ( listen),English: /ɑːkməˈdɪnɨʒɒd/; born 28 October 1956) is the sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country. An engineer and teacher from a poor background, Ahmadinejad joined the Office for Strengthening Unity after the Islamic Revolution. Appointed a provincial governor, he was removed after the election of President Mohammad Khatami and returned to teaching. Tehran's council elected him mayor in 2003. He took a religious hard line, reversing reforms of previous moderate mayors. His 2005 presidential campaign, supported by the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, garnered 62% of the runoff election votes, and he became President on 3 August 2005. His second presidency term ends on August 3, 2013. He is not eligible to run for another term under the current Iranian constitution.
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Mairead Maguire
Mairead Maguire (born 27 January 1944), also known as Mairead Corrigan Maguire and formerly as Mairéad Corrigan, is a Northern Irishpeace activist. She co-founded, with Betty Williams and Ciaran McKeown, the Community of Peace People, an organisation dedicated to encouraging a peaceful resolution of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Maguire and Williams were awarded the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize. Maguire has also won several other awards.
In recent years, she has criticized the Israeli government's policy towards Gaza, in particular to the naval blockade. In June 2010, Maguire went on board the MV Rachel Corrie as part of a flotilla that unsuccessfully attempted to breach the blockade.
Maguire was born into a Roman Catholic community in Belfast, Northern Ireland, the second of seven children – five sisters and two brothers. Her parents were Andrew and Margaret Corrigan. She attended St. Vincent's Primary School, a private Catholic school, until the age of 14, at which time her family could no longer pay for her schooling. After working for a time as a babysitter at a Catholic community center, she was able to save enough money to enroll in a year of business classes at Miss Gordon's Commercial College, which led her at the age of 16 to a job as an accounting clerk with a local factory. She volunteered regularly with the Legion of Mary, spending her evenings and weekends working with children and visiting interns at Long Kesh prison. When she was 21 she began working as a secretary for the Guinness brewery, where she remained employed until December 1976.
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Meir Amit
Meir Amit (Hebrew: מאיר עמית, 17 March 1921 – 17 July 2009) was an Israeli politician and general. He served as Director of the Mossad from 1963 to 1968 before entering politics and holding two ministerial positions.
Amit was born in Tiberias as Meir Slutsky during the Mandate era, cousin of the Russian poet, Boris Slutsky. At a young age, he joined kibbutz Alonim in the lower Galilee and enlisted in the Haganah. He fought for the Haganah during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. He remained in the military and rose through the ranks to become a major general. During his military career he came to be regarded as a protege of Moshe Dayan. In the late 1950s Amit studied at Columbia Business School in New York, earning a business degree. After returning to Israel, Amit entered the Israeli intelligence community, first as a Major General at the head of IDF Intelligence in 1961, and then as Mossad Director in 1963. He was the only figure in Israel's history to hold the position of Mossad chief and head of military intelligence at the same time.
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Meir Sheetrit
Meir Sheetrit (Hebrew: מאיר שטרית, born 10 October 1948) is a Moroccan-born Israeli politician. He is currently a member of the Knesset for Kadima. He has served as Minister of the Interior, Minister of Housing & Construction, Minister of Finance, Minister of Justice, Minister of Transportation and Minister of Education, Culture & Sport.
Sheetrit was born in Ksar es Souk (now Er Rachidia), Morocco. His family immigrated to Israel in 1957. He earned a BA and an MA in Public Policy from Bar-Ilan University.
Sheetrit began his political career in 1974 as mayor of the city of Yavne, a position he held until 1987.
He was first elected to the Knesset in 1981 on the Likud list. He was re-elected in 1984, but lost his seat in 1988. That year he was elected treasurer of the Jewish Agency and served in this position until 1992, when he returned to the Knesset. In 1998 he was appointed Minister of Finance, serving until the fall of Benjamin Netanyahu's first government in 1999. He returned to the cabinet in 2001 as Minister of Justice. After being re-elected in 2003, he was appointed Minister in the Ministry of Finance, where he worked closely with then Minister of Finance Netanyahu who was spearheading a sweeping privatization reform. He was appointed Minister of Transportation in 2004, and later served as Minister of Education, Culture and Sport until 2006.
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Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin (help·info) (Hebrew: מְנַחֵם בֵּגִין, Polish: Mieczysław Biegun, Arabic: مناحيم بيغن Munahayyim Beeghin, Russian: Менахем Вольфович Бегин Menakhem Vol'fovich Begin, 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was a politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Before independence, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. He proclaimed a revolt, on 1 February 1944, against the British mandatory government, which was opposed by the Jewish Agency. As head of the Irgun, he targeted the British in Palestine.
Begin was elected to the first Knesset, as head of Herut, the party he founded, and was at first on the political fringe, embodying the opposition to the Mapai-led government and Israeli establishment. He remained in opposition in the eight consecutive elections (except for a national unity government around the Six-Day War), but became more acceptable to the political center. His 1977 electoral victory and premiership ended three decades of Labour Party political dominance. He probably served as Opposition Leader longer than anyone in the history of modern democratic politics.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejəvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕof] ( listen); born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the Soviet Union, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born during the Communist rule.
Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian–Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Kraikom, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the deaths of Soviet Leaders Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level.
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Mordechai Nurock
Rabbi Dr Mordechai Nurock (Hebrew: מרדכי נורוק, born Markus Nurock on 7 November 1879, died 8 November 1962) was a Jewish politician and minister who served in both the parliaments of Latvia and Israel. He was also Israel's first Minister of Postal Services (a post today known as the Minister of Communications), though he only held the post for just under two months.
Born in Tukums in the Russian Empire (today in Latvia), Nurock attended universities in Russia, Germany and Switzerland, gaining a PhD in philosophy. He was also ordained as a rabbi, and replaced his father as rabbi of Jelgava in 1913 before moving to Russia in 1915.
A Zionist, he was a delegate at the sixth Zionist Congress in 1903 and helped Jewish refugees during World War I. He also joined the All-Russian Jewish Committee and established a religious Jewish group known as "Tradition and Freedom".
In 1921 he returned to Latvia, by now an independent state. The following year he was elected to the Saeima, and became the leader of the minorities' bloc. He retained his seat until the parliament was dissolved in 1934.
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Mordechai Tzipori
Mordechai Tzipori (Hebrew: מרדכי צפורי, born Mordechai Hankovich-Hendin on 15 September 1924) is a former Israeli politician who served as Minister of Communications from 1981 until 1984.
Born in Petah Tikva during the Mandate era, Tzipori attended a religious school in his hometown. In 1939 he joined the Irgun, and in 1945 was arrested by the British Authorities and exiled to Eritrea, Kenya and Sudan. Also he managed to escape from the detention camp in Eritrea, he was caught and imprisoned until 1948.
He became a professional soldier and served in the IDF from 1948 until 1976. During his stint in the army, he studied at the College for Command and Staff, graduating in 1959, as well as the University of Tel Aviv.
Between 1962 and 1965 he was an Armoured Battalion commander, becoming commander of the Armor School in 1968 and deputy commander of the Armor Corps in 1971. In 1973 he was appointed Commander of Command and Staff, becoming Deputy Head of Operations in the General Staff in 1974. He was demobilised in 1976 with the rank of Lieutenant General.
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Moshe Arens
Moshe Arens (Hebrew: משה ארנס, born 27 December 1925) is an Israeli aeronautical engineer, researcher and former diplomat and politician. A member of the Knesset between 1973 and 1992 and again from 1999 until 2003, he served as Minister of Defense three times and once as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Arens has also served as the Israeli ambassador to the U.S. and was professor at the Technion in Haifa.
Born in Kaunas, Lithuania, Arens immigrated to the United States with his family in 1939 and became an American citizen. As a youth, Arens became a leader in the Betar youth movement. He studied engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and aeronautical engineering at the California Institute of Technology. During World War II, Arens served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers. After Israeli independence in 1948, Arens made aliyah and joined the Irgun. He later became a founding member of the Herut party which grew out of it.
Between 1957 and 1962 Arens worked as a Professor for aeronautics at the Technion. From 1962 until 1971 he was a Deputy Director General at Israel Aircraft Industries, and won the Israel Defense Prize in 1971. After the Yom Kippur War he entered politics and was elected to the Knesset as a member of Likud in the 1973 elections. After being re-elected in 1977, he became chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee.
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Moshe Carmel
Moshe Carmel (Hebrew: משה כרמל, 17 January 1911 – 14 August 2003) was an Israeli soldier and politician who served as Minister of Transportation for eight years.
Born in Mińsk Mazowiecki in the Russian Empire (today in Poland), Carmel emigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1924 when he was 13 years old. He was a founding member of kibbutz Na'an, and was active in the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed youth movement. Between 1939 and 1941 he was imprisoned by the British authorities. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli war, he was commander of the Carmeli Brigade, which was especially known for Operation Hiram.
He was elected to the third Knesset in 1955 as a member of Ahdut HaAvoda and was appointed Minister of Transportation. On 28 September 1956 he flew to Paris with Moshe Dayan, Shimon Peres and Golda Meir where they had meetings with French Foreign Minister Christian Pineau. The purpose of the meetings was 'to clarify ... the possibilities of joint action against Egypt'.
On 29 October 1957 he suffered a broken arm after a 'Mills grenade' was thrown into the debating chamber of the Knesset. David Ben-Gurion and Golda Meir were also injured. The attack was carried out by Moshe Dwek, whose motives were attributed to a dispute with the Jewish Agency, though he was also described as 'mentally unbalanced'. He retained his seat in the 1959 and 1961 elections, and was reappointed Minister of Transportation towards the end of the fifth Knesset in 1965. When Ahdut HaAvoda merged with Mapai to form the Alignment, Carmel joined the new party and retained his ministerial post in the sixth Knesset.
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Moshe Dayan
Moshe Dayan (Hebrew: משה דיין; 20 May 1915 – 16 October 1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician. The fourth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (1953–58), he became a fighting symbol to the world of the new State of Israel. He went on to become Defense Minister and later Foreign Minister of Israel.
Moshe Dayan was born on Kibbutz Degania Alef near the shores of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) in pre-Mandate Palestine. His parents were Shmuel and Devorah, Jewish immigrants from Ukraine.
He was the second child to be born on the kibbutz. He was named Moshe after Moshe Barsky, the first member of the kibbutz to be killed in an Arab attack. Soon after, his parents moved to Nahalal, the first moshav (settlement) to be established. Moshe attended the Agricultural School there.
At the age of 14, he joined the newly formed Jewish militia known as the Haganah. In 1938 he joined the Palestine Supernumerary Police and became a motorized patrol ("MAN") commander. One of his military heroes was the British pro-Zionist officer Orde Wingate, under whom he served in several Special Night Squads operations.
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Moshe Kahlon
Moshe Kahlon (Hebrew: משה כחלון, born 19 November 1960) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Likud and as Minister of Communications and Minister of Welfare & Social Services.
Kahlon was born in the Givat Olga neighbourhood of Hadera, the son of Libyan immigrants and one of seven children. He served in the Israel Defense Forces from 1978 to 1986, in the Ordnance Corps. After completing his army service he started a business of importing appliances for cars. He later studied political science and general studies at the University of Haifa, receiving a BA before going on to gain an LL.B from Netanya Academic College.
Kahlon was first elected to the Knesset in the 2003 elections, and was appointed Deputy Speaker of the Knesset. In the run up to the 2006 elections, he surprisingly won third place on Likud's list in the party's primaries. He retained his seat again in the 2009 elections after being placed sixth on the Likud list, and was appointed Minister of Communications on 31 March.
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Moshe Katsav
Moshe Katsav (Hebrew: משה קצב, born Musa Qasab (Persian: موسی قصاب)) is an Israeli politician. He served as the eighth President of Israel, a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset, and a minister in its cabinet.
The end of his presidency was marked by controversy, stemming from allegations of rape of one female subordinate and sexual harassment of others. Katsav resigned the presidency in 2007 as part of a plea bargain. Katsav later rejected the deal with prosecutors and vowed he would prove his innocence in court. In an unprecedented case, on 30 December 2010, Katsav was convicted of two counts of rape,obstruction of justice and other charges. On 22 March 2011, in a landmark ruling, Katsav was sentenced to seven years in prison. Katsav appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court of Israel. On 10 November 2011, the Supreme Court affirmed Katsav's conviction and punishment, rejecting possibly exculpatory evidence.
On 7 December 2011, Katsav arrived at Maasiyahu Prison in Ramla to begin serving his seven-year sentence.
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Moshe Nissim
Moshe Nissim (Hebrew: משה נסים, born 10 April 1935) is a former Israeli politician, minister and Deputy Prime Minister.
Born in Mandate Palestine, Nissim studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining an MA. He was an Officer of Justice in the IDF during his national service, and went on to work as an attorney. He is the son of Rabbi Isaac Nissim, who served as Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1955 to 1973. Moshe Nissim currently practices law at Moshe Nissim, Rinkov, Senderovitch, Advocates, in Ramat Gan, Israel.
Nissim was first elected to the Knesset in 1959 as a member of the General Zionists. However, he lost his seat in the 1961 elections, and did not reappear in the Knesset until 1969, when he was elected on the list of Gahal (a merger of Herut, the General Zionists and the Progressive Party. In 1973 Gahal became Likud, with Nissim serving as the party's parliamentary chairman between 1973 and 1977.
Following Likud's victory in the 1977 election, Nissim was appointed Minister without Portfolio in Menachem Begin's government in January 1978. He became Minister of Justice in August 1980, a role he retained until April 1986 when he became Minister of Finance.
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Moshe Shahal
Moshe Shahal (Hebrew: משה שחל, born 20 May 1934) is a former Israeli politician.
Born in Baghdad in Iraq, Shahal made aliyah in 1950. He studied economics and Political Science at the University of Haifa, before graduating with a law degree from Tel Aviv University.
He began his political career when elected to the Haifa Labor Council in 1964, a position he retained until 1971. Between 1964 and 1969, he was also a member of Haifa City Council. For the 1969 Knesset elections he was placed 57th on the Alignment's list, but missed out when the alliance won only 56 seats. Nevertheless, Shahal entered the Knesset on 1 September 1971 as a replacement for the deceased Mordechai Ofer.
He was re-elected in 1974, 1977, 1981, and between 1981 and 1984, served as a Deputy Speaker of the Knesset. After a fourth re-election in 1984, he was appointed Minister of Energy & Infrastructure. He was re-appointed to the post following the 1988 elections, serving until the Alignment pulled out of the coalition government in 1990.
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Moshe Sharett
Moshe Sharett (Hebrew: משה שרת, born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew: משה שרתוק) on 15 October 1894, died 7 July 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1953–55), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurion's two terms.[citation needed]
Born in Kherson in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Sharett emigrated to Ottoman-controlled Palestine in 1906. In 1910 his family moved to Jaffa, and they became one of the founding families of Tel Aviv.
He graduated from the first class of the Herzliya Hebrew High School, even studying music at the Shulamit Conservatory. He then went off to Istanbul to study law at the university in Constantinople (now Istanbul University), the same university that Yitzhak Ben-Zvi and David Ben-Gurion studied at. However, his time there was cut short due to the outbreak of World War I. He subsequently served as a first lieutenant in the Turkish army, as an interpreter.
After the war, he worked as an Arab affairs and land purchase agent for the Assembly of Representatives of the Yishuv. He also became a member of Ahdut Ha'Avoda, and later of Mapai.
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Mother Teresa
Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta (Albanian: Nënë Tereza) as she is known to the Catholic Church, or Mother Teresa as she is commonly known, was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (pronounced [aɡˈnɛs ˈɡɔndʒa bɔjaˈdʒiu]). Although born on the 26 August 1910, she considered 27 August, the day she was baptized, to be her "true birthday". “By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.” Mother Teresa died on 5 September 1997 and is not yet a Catholic Saint. In late 2003, the leaders of the church completed the process of beatification, the third step toward possible sainthood. A second miracle credited to Mother Teresa is required before she can be recognized as a saint by the Catholic church.
Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, which in 2012 consisted of over 4,500 sisters and is active in 133 countries. Members of the order must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, and the fourth vow, to give "Wholehearted and Free service to the poorest of the poor". The Missionaries of Charity at the time of her death had 610 missions in 123 countries including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, soup kitchens, children's and family counselling programmes, orphanages and schools.
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Natan Peled
Natan Peled (Hebrew: נתן פלד, born 3 June 1913, died 8 January 1992) was an Israeli politician who served as Minister of Immigrant Absorption from 1970 until 1974.
Born in Odessa in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Peled moved with his family to the Bessarabian region of Romania when he was 8, where he studied at a Hebrew school in Chişinău. He joined the Hashomer Hatzair movement, and was the secretary to the organisation's leadership in the country. He was also secretary to the central committee of the HeHalutz movement.
He made aliyah to Mandate Palestine in 1933, and joined kvutzat Melet in Nes Tziona, where he was also a member of the local Workers' Council. In 1934 he joined kibbutz Sarid, and in 1936 became a member of the executive committee of Kibbutz Artzi, which was affiliated with Hashomer Hatzair, serving on its secretariat until 1939.
Between 1939 and 1944 he was secretary of the Histadrut's security committee. From 1946 until 1948 he served as an emissary of Hashomer Hatzair and the Histadrut in the United States. After his return to Israel, he served as secretary of Hashomer Hatzair-Kibbutz Artzi from 1950 until 1955.
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Natan Sharansky
Natan Sharansky (born 20 January 1948) (Hebrew: נתן שרנסקי, (Ukrainian: Натан Щаранський, Russian: Натан Щаранский) is a former Soviet refusenik and prisoner, Israeli politician, human rights activist and author.
Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky (Ukrainian: Анатолій Борисович Щаранський, Russian: Анатолий Борисович Щаранский) (later Natan Sharansky) was born in Stalino, Soviet Union on 20 January 1948 to a Jewish family. He graduated with a degree in applied mathematics from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. As a child, he was a chess prodigy. He performed in simultaneous and blindfold displays, usually against adults. At the age of 15, he won the championship in his native Donetsk. When incarcerated in solitary confinement, he claims to have maintained his sanity by playing chess against himself in his mind. Sharansky beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a simultaneous exhibition in Israel in 1996.
Natan Sharansky is married to Avital Sharansky and has two daughters, Rachel and Hannah. In the Soviet Union, his marriage application to Avital was denied by the authorities. They were married in a Moscow synagogue in a ceremony not recognized by the government, as USSR only recognized civil marriage and not church marriage.
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Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliːɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; born 18 July 1918) is a South African politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first ever to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before being elected President, Mandela was a militant anti-apartheid activist, and the leader and co-founder of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Mandela went on to serve 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations that led to the establishment of democracy in 1994. As President, he frequently gave priority to reconciliation, while introducing policies aimed at combating poverty and inequality in South Africa.
In South Africa, Mandela is often known as Madiba, his Xhosa clan name; or as tata (Xhosa: father). Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades.
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Pinchas Sapir
Pinchas Sapir (Hebrew: פנחס ספיר, born Pinchas Kozlowski on 15 October 1906, died 12 August 1975) was an Israeli politician during the first three decades following the country's founding.
He held two important ministerial posts, Minister of Finance (1963–68 and 1969–74) and Minister of Trade and Industry (1955–65 and 1970–72) as well as several other high-ranking governmental posts. He is often considered to be 'the father' of the Israeli economy for his unwavering efforts to foster economic development during the country's formative years.
At the time he served, the young state was isolated economically from its neighbors while having to contend with significant defense expenditures and struggling to absorb and provide for the many Jewish immigrants who entered its borders. Sapir worked tirelessly to attract foreign investments to the country, often by personally encouraging and enticing businessmen from around the world to set up factories and businesses in the young nation. He is known for always carrying with him his famous "black notebook" in which he kept his notes and observations pertaining to economic matters as he traveled around the country. It was often said that in those days that the entire economy of the state of Israel was managed from that famous black notebook.
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Pinhas Lavon
Pinhas Lavon (Hebrew: פנחס לבון, 12 July 1904 – 24 January 1976) was an Israeli politician, minister and labor leader, best known for the Lavon Affair.
Lavon was born as Pinhas Lubianiker in Kopychyntsi in what was previously Galicia in Austria-Hungary (now in Ukraine). He studied law at the University of Lviv, where he organized Histadrut organizations in the region. He made aliyah and moved to Mandate Palestine in 1929.
Lavon was elected to the first Knesset in 1949, and served briefly as the leader of the Histadrut in 1949–50. He was appointed Minister of Agriculture in David Ben-Gurion's second government.
He retained his seat in the 1951 elections, and in 1952 was appointed Minister without Portfolio. Following Ben-Gurion's resignation, he was appointed Minister of Defense in 1954. However, he resigned from the cabinet after he was accused of authorizing an Israeli false flag terrorist bombing operation in Egypt, which came to be known as the Lavon Affair.
Nevertheless, he remained an MK following elections in 1955 and 1959 and returned to the leadership of the Histadrut from 1956 to 1961. Lavon was later "absolved" of any involvement in the Egyptian bombings. He retired from public life in 1964 after a long-standing discord with Ben-Gurion and died in Tel Aviv in 1976.
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Rafael Pinhasi
Rafael Pinhasi (Hebrew: רפאל פנחסי, born 1940) is a former Israeli who served as Minister of Communications between 1990 and 1992.
Born in Kabul in Afghanistan, Pinhasi's family made aliyah in 1950. He was amongst the founders of Shas, and served as deputy mayor of Bnei Brak.
In 1984 he was elected to the Knesset on Shas' list and in December 1985 was appointed Deputy Minister of Labour and Social Welfare. He retained his seat in the 1988 elections, and became a Deputy Speaker of the Knesset. In January 1990 he was appointed Deputy Internal Affairs Minister, and in June that year became Minister of Communications, serving until the 1992 elections.
He retained his seat in the election, and was appointed Deputy Minister of Finance in August, holding the post until he became Deputy Minister of Religious Affairs. He was forced to resign from the cabinet by the High Court of Justice in September 1993 after being convicted for making false declarations, a crime deemed to be of "moral turpitude".
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Reuven Rivlin
Reuven "Rubi" Rivlin (ראובן ריבלין [ʁeʔuˈven ʁivˈlin] ( listen); born 9 September 1939) is an Israeli lawyer and politician currently serving as speaker of the Knesset. He belongs to the conservative Likud party. A former Chairman of the Knesset, in 2007 he ran in the election for President as the Likud candidate. He withdrew after the first round of voting when it became clear that Kadima MK Shimon Peres had sufficiently broad support to inevitably win in a run-off.
Born in Jerusalem, he received an LL.B. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and worked as a lawyer. He is a descendant of the students of the Vilna Gaon and a member of the Rivlin family.
He was first elected to the 12th Knesset in 1988, and served as Likud chairman from 1988 to 1993. He lost his seat in the 1992 elections, but returned to the Knesset following the 1996 elections. Re-elected in 1999, he was appointed Minister of Communications in March 2001, serving until February 2003, when he was elected Knesset Speaker following the 2003 elections. During his term as speaker, he was criticized for breaking the tradition of political neutrality of the post; he was one of Ariel Sharon's harshest critics regarding the disengagement plan, and had a public confrontation with Aharon Barak, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, concerning the court's authority to declare legislation illegal.
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Rigoberta Menchú
Rigoberta Menchú Tum (born 9 January 1959, Laj Chimel, El Quiché, Guatemala) is an indigenous Guatemalan, of the K'iche' ethnic group. Menchú has dedicated her life to publicizing the plight of Guatemala's indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996), and to promoting indigenous rights in the country. She received the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize and Prince of Asturias Award in 1998. She is the subject of the testimonial biography I, Rigoberta Menchú (1983) and the author of the autobiographical work, Crossing Borders.
Menchú is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. She has also become a figure in indigenous political parties and ran for President of Guatemala in 2007.
Menchú received a primary-school education as a student at several Catholic boarding schools. After leaving school, she worked as an activist campaigning against human rights violations committed by the Guatemalan armed forces during the country's civil war, which lasted from 1960 to 1996.
Her mother, Vicente Menchú was a member of the guerrilla movement Guerrilla Army of the Poor and died in 1980 during the Burning of the Spanish Embassy. In 1981, Rigoberta Menchú escaped to Mexico. In 1982, she narrated a book about her life to Venezuelan author and anthropologist Elizabeth Burgos, "Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia" (My Name is Rigoberta Menchu and this is how my Conscience was Born), which was translated into five other languages including English and French. The book made her an international icon at the time of the ongoing conflict in Guatemala.
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Robert Fisk
Robert Fisk (born 12 July 1946) is an English writer and journalist from Maidstone, Kent. As Middle East correspondent of The Independent, he has primarily been based in Beirut for more than 30 years. He has published a number of books and has reported on the United States's war in Afghanistan and its 2003 invasion of Iraq. Fisk holds more British and International Journalism awards than any other foreign correspondent.
The New York Times once described Robert Fisk as "probably the most famous foreign correspondent in Britain." He reported the Northern Ireland troubles in the 1970s, the Portuguese Revolution in 1974, the Lebanese Civil War, the Iranian revolution in 1979, the Soviet war in Afghanistan, the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War and the invasion of Iraq in 2003. A vernacular Arabic speaker, he is one of few Western journalists to have interviewed Osama bin Laden, and did so three times between 1994 and 1997. His awards include being voted International Journalist of the Year seven times.
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Shaul Mofaz
Lt. General (Res.) Shaul Mofaz (born Shahram Mofazzakar) (Hebrew: שאול מופז, born 4 November 1948) is an Israeli politician who serves as the Deputy Prime Minister and a Minister without portfolio.
He joined the Israel Defense Forces in 1966 and served in the Paratroopers Brigade. He fought in the Six-Day War, Yom Kippur War, 1982 Lebanon War, and Operation Entebbe with the paratroopers and Sayeret Matkal, an elite special forces unit.
Mofaz became the 16th IDF's Chief of the General Staff, and served as Israel's Minister of Defense, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Transportation and Road Safety. He is the current Chairman of the Kadima Party, which is the largest party by seats in the current Knesset.
His birth name is Shahram Mofazzakar. He was born in Tehran (although his parents came from Isfahan), Mofaz immigrated to Israel with his parents in 1957. Upon graduating from high school he joined the Israel Defense Forces in 1966 and served in the Paratroopers Brigade. He participated in the Six-Day War, Yom Kippur War, 1982 Lebanon War, and Operation Entebbe with the paratroopers and Sayeret Matkal, an elite special forces unit.
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Shaul Yahalom
Shaul Yahalom (Hebrew: שאול יהלום, born 27 September 1947) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1992 and 2006 for the National Religious Party.
Born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era, Yahalom studied education and economics at Bar-Ilan University, gaining a BA, before working as a journalist.
In 1987 he became the National Religious Party's political secretary, a role he held until 1995. He was first elected to the Knesset in the 1992 elections. In 1998, he was appointed Minister of Transportation. He lost his seat in the 2006 elections when the party was reduced to three seats.
Today, he is a member of the board of the Ariel University Center of Samaria.
Yahalom is known for his initiation and support for laws helping the disabled.
He is married and has four children.
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Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres (help·info) GCMG (Hebrew: שמעון פרס, born Szymon Perski; 2 August 1923) is the ninth and current President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and, except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, served continuously until 2007, when he became President.
He held several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after Israel's War of Independence. His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952, and Director-General in 1953 through 1959. During his career, he has represented five political parties in the Knesset: Mapai, Rafi, the Alignment, Labor and Kadima, and has led Alignment and Labour. Peres won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the peace talks that he participated in as Israeli Foreign Minister, producing the Oslo Accords.
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Shimon Sheetrit
Prof. Shimon Shetreet (Hebrew: שמעון שטרית, born 1 March 1946) is a former Israeli politician who held several ministerial portfolios between 1992 and 1996.
Born in Erfoud in Morocco, Shetreet's family made aliyah to Israel in 1949. He studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining an LLB and LLM. He then went on to the University of Chicago, where he gained an LLD.
In 1988 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment's list. After being re-elected in 1992 (by which time the Alignment had become the Labor Party), Shetreet was appointed Minister of Economics and Planning and Minister of Science and Technology. He lost the latter portfolio in June 1993 when it was given to Shulamit Aloni, but also became Minister of Religious Affairs in February 1992. When Shimon Peres formed a new government following the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, he remained Minster of Religious Affairs, but lost the Economics and Planning portfolio.
In the 1996 elections Shetreet lost his seat and his place in the cabinet.
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Shlomo Hillel
Shlomo Hillel (Hebrew: שלמה הלל, born 23 April 1923) is an Iraqi-born Israeli diplomat and politician who served as Speaker of the Knesset, Minister of Police and Minister of Internal Affairs. He was also an ambassador to several countries in Africa.
Born in Baghdad in Iraq, Hillel immigrated to Mandate Palestine with his family in 1934 at the age of eleven. After graduating from the Herzliya Hebrew High School in Tel Aviv, he underwent agricultural training in kibbutz Degania Alef, and later Pardes Hana. Hillel was secretary of a Hebrew Scouts group which later established Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael. In 1945, Hillel and his colleagues worked at a Haganah munitions factory disguised as a laundry facility in the basement of the Ayalon Institute in Rehovot. He studied political science, economics and public administration at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He marred Temima, with whom he has two children, a son and a daughter, and currently lives in Ramat Denya in Jerusalem.
In 1946, Hillel flew to Baghdad on an Iraqi passport and remained there for one year. He visited Baghdad again in 1950 to negotiate the mass immigration of the Jews of Iraq, 120,000 of whom were airlifted to Israel in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah between 1950 and 1952. On these trips, he disguised himself as either a Frenchman or an Englishman. The airlift was made possible through the cooperation of Iran, which was a close ally of Israel at the time.
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Shlomo Rosen
Shlomo Rosen (Hebrew: שלמה רוזן, born 21 June 1905, died 7 December 1985) was an Israeli politician and minister.
Born in Moravská Ostrava in Austria-Hungary (today in the Czech Republic), Rosen made aliyah to Mandate Palestine in 1926. He joined kibbutz Sarid the following year. Between 1933 and 1935 he returned to Ostrava to serve as an emissary for Hashomer Hatzair. After returning home, he worked for the Kibbutz Artzi movement, later serving as its secretary.
In the 1965 elections he was voted into the Knesset on Mapam's list. After Mapam merged into the Alignment, he was re-elected in 1969. Following the election, he became Deputy Speaker of the Knesset, and in November 1972 was appointed Deputy Minister of Immigrant Absorption. Although he lost his seat in the 1973 elections, he was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption by Golda Meir when she formed the new government. He retained the portfolio when Yitzhak Rabin took over as Prime Minister, and was appointed Minister of Housing in January 1977. He lost both portfolios when Menachem Begin formed the next government in June that year.
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Shulamit Aloni
Shulamit Aloni (Hebrew: שולמית אלוני, born 29 November 1928) is an Israeli politician and left-wing activist. She is a prominent member of the Israeli peace camp, founded the Ratz party and was leader of the Meretz party and served as Minister of Education from 1992 to 1993.
Born Shulamit Adler in Tel Aviv, her mother was a seamstress and her father was a carpenter, both descended from Polish Jewish rabbinical families. She was sent to boarding school during World War II while her parents served in the British Army. As a youth she was a member of the Hashomer Hatzair socialist Zionist youth movement and the Palmach. During the 1948 Israeli War of Independence she was involved in military struggles for the Old City of Jerusalem and was captured by Jordanian forces.
Following the establishment of the state of Israel, Aloni worked with child refugees and helped establish a school for immigrant children. She was a teacher while studying law. In 1952 she married Reuven Aloni and moved to Kfar Shmaryahu.
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Silvan Shalom
Silvan Shalom (Hebrew: ציון סילבן משה שלום (officially Tzion Silvan Moshe Shalom)[citation needed], (born 4 October 1958) is an Israeli politician, member of the Knesset from the Likud party and the country's senior Vice Prime Minister and Minister for Regional Development and the development of the Negev and the Galilie. He previously served as the country's Foreign Minister, Finance Minister, minister of science and deputy defense minister.
Born in Gabès, Tunisia to a family that traced its roots to the Sephardic Beit Shalom dynasty, Shalom's family made aliyah to the city of Beersheba, in Israel's Negev in 1959. On November 3, 1964, while Shalom was six years old, his father, Shimon Shalom, a bank manager and a member of the Beitar movement, was killed during the course of a bungled bank robbery. He was 37 years old at the time. The murder was notoriously known as the first committed in a bank robbery in the history of the young state of Israel.
At the age of 18, he was inducted into the I.D.F Israel Defense Forces and achieved the rank of Sergeant.
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Simha Erlich
Simha Erlich (Hebrew: שמחה ארליך, 1915 – 19 June 1983) was an Israeli politician. He was the leader of the Liberal Party and Minister of Finance under Menachem Begin, and is known for his attempt to liberalize the Israeli economy.
Erlich was born in 1915 in Poland and was a member of the General Zionists youth movement. He immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1938 and worked as a farmer in Nes Ziona. After the establishment of the State of Israel he found his place in the Liberal Party. In 1955 he was elected to the Tel Aviv city council. He studied optics and founded a lens factory. In 1969 he quit the city council and was elected to the Knesset on Gahal's list (Gahal being a coalition between the Liberal Party and Herut). In 1976 he was elected chairman of the Liberal Party.
After the 1977 elections he was appointed Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister. As Minister of Finance he tried to cause an economic upheaval in Israel by abolishing foreign currency regulations and travel tax, as well as cheapening import goods. It soon turned out that Israel's economy was not prepared for such a drastic change, as could be seen by the subsequent deterioration of the balance of payments, the mass increase of goods import and sharp rise of inflation rate. Consequently, Erlich was forced to resign as Minister of Finance, but remained Deputy Prime Minister and was in charge of the development of the Galilee, the Arab sector and re-absorption of emigrants.
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Sofa Landver
Sofa Landver (Hebrew: סופה לנדבר, born 28 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu and as the country's Minister of Immigrant Absorption.
Radio Voice of Russia claims she was the first former Soviet citizen in the government of Israel.
Born in Leningrad in the Soviet Union (today Saint Petersburg in Russia), Landver made aliyah to Israel in 1979. She served on Ashdod city council, has been director with the Ashdod Development Company, and a member of the Jewish Agency's board of trustees.
In the 1996 elections she was elected to the Knesset on the Labor Party list. She was re-elected in 1999 and served as Deputy Minister of Transportation between 12 August and 2 November 2002. She lost her seat in the 2003 elections, but entered the Knesset on 11 January 2006 as a replacement for Avraham Shochat. However, she resigned on 8 February, and was replaced by Orna Angel.
Prior to the 2006 elections Landver joined Yisrael Beiteinu, and was placed seventh on its list. The party won 11 seats and she retained her place in the Knesset. She was re-elected again in the 2009 elections after winning fifth place on the party's list. On 31 March she was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption.
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Tzachi Hanegbi
Tzachi Hanegbi (Hebrew: צחי הנגבי, born 26 February 1957) is a prominent Israeli lawmaker and security expert. Hanegbi was the Chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee at the Knesset. Among the top cabinet positions he previously held are Minister of Justice, Minister of Internal Security and Minister of Intelligence and Nuclear Affairs. Hanegbi was also the minister in charge of Israel's strategic and security relations with the United States, and the minister in the Prime Minister's office supervising Israel's intelligence agencies – Mossad and Shin Bet – and overseeing Israel's Atomic Energy Agency.
Yitzhak (Tzachi) Hanegbi was born in Jerusalem in 1957. His mother is Geula Cohen, a prominent member of the 1940s underground group Lehi and later MK for Likud and Tehiya. His father, Immanuel Hanegbi, was the Operations Officer for the Lehi. After his military service in the paratroopers corps, Hanegbi studied international relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. As president of the Hebrew University Student Union in 1980, he received a six-month suspended sentence for quarrelling with Arab terrorists.[citation needed] Despite this incident, he became president of the National Union of Israeli Students later that year, holding that title until 1982. After his undergraduate studies, he went on to study law, obtaining an LL.B.
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Tzipi Livni
Tzipporah Malkah "Tzipi" Livni (Hebrew: ציפורה מלכה "ציפי" לבני; born 8 July 1958) is an Israeli lawyer and politician. She was the Israeli Opposition Leader from 2009 to 2012 and leader of Kadima, the largest party in the Knesset. Raised an ardent nationalist, Livni has become one of her nation's leading voices for the two-state solution[citation needed]. In Israel she has earned a reputation as an honest politician who sticks to her principles. She is the first woman to be leader of the opposition in Israel. In 2011 Livni was named one of "150 Women Who Shake the World" by Newsweek and The Daily Beast.
Born in Tel Aviv, Livni is the daughter of Eitan Livni (born in Poland) and Sara (Rosenberg), both prominent former Irgun members. Her father served as the chief operations officer of the Irgun.
Tzipi Livni served as a lieutenant in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). According to an interview in Yediot Aharonot, described in The Sunday Times, she served in the elite Mossad unit responsible for Operation Wrath of God (also known as Bayonet) in the 1980s. She resigned from the IDF in August 1983 to marry and finish her law studies.
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Uzi Baram
Uzi Baram (Hebrew: עוזי ברעם, born 6 April 1937) is an Israeli former politician, who served as a member of the Knesset between 1977 and 2001, and was Minister of Tourism and Minister of Internal Affairs in the 1990s.
Uzi Baram was born in Jerusalem during the Mandate era. His father, Moshe Baram served as Minister of Labour and Minister of Welfare, and was a Knesset member for Mapai and the Alignment. His mother, Grazia, was born in Aleppo, Syria. Baram grew up in Jerusalem's Nahalat Ahim neighborhood. Baram earned a BA in political science and sociology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. During his studies, he was chairman of the Students Union.
Baram was elected to the Knesset in 1977 on the Alignment list, an election in which his father lost his seat. Re-elected in 1981, 1984, 1988 and 1992 (by which time the Alignment had become the Labor Party, he was appointed Minister of Tourism in Yitzhak Rabin's government in July 1992. In February 1995 he also became Minister of Internal Affairs, serving until June that year when David Libai was appointed to the post. When Shimon Peres formed a new government following Rabin's assassination, he remained Minister of Tourism.
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War hawk
A war hawk, or simply hawk for short, is a term used in politics for someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war. War hawks are the opposite of war doves. The terms are derived through analogy with the birds of the same name: hawks are predators which attack and feed on other animals, whereas doves mostly eat seeds and fruit, and are historically a symbol of peace.
The term originated with a historical group known as the War Hawks, consisting of Democratic-Republicans and were primarily from southern and western states. (The American West then consisted of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio, as well as territories in the Old Northwest that did not yet have votes in Congress.) Largely from the older block of the Congress and encompassing most Republicans, the War Hawks advocated going to war against Britain for reasons related to the interference of the Royal Navy in American shipping, which the War Hawks believed hurt the American economy and injured American prestige. War Hawks from the western states also believed that the British were instigating American Indians on the frontier to attack American settlements, and so the War Hawks called for an invasion of British Canada to punish the British and end this threat.
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Wikipedia Persondata
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Yaakov Edri
Ya'akov Edri (Hebrew: יעקב אדרי, also spelt Edery or Edrey, born 25 November 1950) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for Kadima. Formerly Minister of Immigrant Absorption, Minister of Health and a Minister without Portfolio, Edri is the Minister of Negev and Galilee Development in the current government.
Born in Morocco, Edri emigrated to Israel in 1959. He attended the University of Haifa, where he gained a BA in political science and an MA in public administration.
Between 1989 and 2003, he served as mayor of Or Akiva, where he currently resides. In 2003, he was elected to the Knesset on the Likud list. On 10 March 2003, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Internal Security. In late November 2005, he resigned from Likud and joined Kadima. On 18 January 2006 he was appointed Minister of Health and the Minister for the Development of the Negev and the Galilee.
Edri retained his seat in the 2006 elections, and on 27 July was named Minister without Portfolio responsible for Jerusalem Affairs. As part of a cabinet reshuffle in July 2007 he became both Minister of Immigrant Absorption and Minister of Negev and Galilee Development. He lost the former portfolio on 14 July 2008 when Eli Aflalo was appointed to the post.
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Yaakov Neeman
Yaakov Neeman (Hebrew: יעקב נאמן, born 16 September 1939) is an Israeli lawyer and the current Minister of Justice.
Neeman was born to a religious zionist family in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era. He was educated at the Midrashiat Noam high-school yeshiva and completed his military service in the Golani Brigade. He went on to study law at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning a LL.B in 1964. In 1965, he earned a LL.M from New York University, and in 1968, a LL.D. After returning to Israel, he opened his law firm in 1972, along with future president of Israel Chaim Herzog.
Neeman was appointed Director General of the Finance Ministry in 1979, serving until 1981. In June 1996 he was appointed to the Israeli cabinet as Minister of Justice by Prime Minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, despite not being a member of the Knesset. Two months later he resigned from the cabinet, after Attorney General Michael Ben-Yair opened a criminal investigation into allegations that Neeman had tried to suborn a witness in the trial of MK Aryeh Deri. Neeman was eventually cleared of the charges. and returned to the cabinet in July 1997 as Minister of Finance until the end of the Netanyahu premiership at the 1999 elections.
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Yair Tzaban
Yair Tzaban (Hebrew: יאיר צבן, born 23 August 1930) is an Israeli politician, academic and social activist.
Tzaban was born in Jerusalem in 1930. During the 1948 Palestine War he fought in the Palmach. He was among the founders of Kibbutz Tzora, near Jerusalem.
In the 1950s, after moving to Tel Aviv, he studied in Seminar HaKibutzim (a teacher's college) and worked as a teacher and youth educator in the poor suburbs of Tel Aviv. Almost twenty years later he was graduated by Tel Aviv University in general and Jewish Philosophy.
For 45 years Tzaban has been politically active. He was a member of the political bureau of the original Maki from 1965 to 1973 and its chairman in 1972-1973. In 1977 he was a co-founder of the Left Camp of Israel, a peace list which ran for the Knesset and Histadrut elections. In 1981 he was elected to the Knesset, where he served for 16 years as representative of the Alignment, Mapam and Meretz. In 1992 he was invited by the late Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin to serve as the Minister of Immigrant Absorption and as a member of the Security Cabinet (until 1996). As Minister of Immigrant Absorption he strove to establish full co-operation with the leadership of the Jewish Agency. During the years 1996-2002 he served as the head of the Academic Board of the Lavon Institute for Research of the Labor Movement and lectured at Tel Aviv University to graduate students in the Department for Public Policy.
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Yasser Arafat
Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (Arabic: محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني; 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat (Arabic: ياسر عرفات) or by his kunya Abu Ammar (Arabic: أبو عمار, 'Abū `Ammār), was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and leader of the Fatah political party, which he founded in 1959. Arafat spent much of his life fighting against Israel in the name of Palestinian self-determination. Originally opposed to Israel's existence, he modified his position in 1988 when he accepted UN Security Council Resolution 242. Arafat and his movement operated from several Arab countries. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Fatah faced off with Jordan in a brief civil war. Forced out of Jordan and into Lebanon, Arafat and Fatah were major targets of Israel's 1978 and 1982 invasions of that country.
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Yehoshua Rabinovitz
Yehoshua Rabinovitz (Hebrew: יהושע רבינוביץ, born 12 November 1911, died 14 August 1979) was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister and mayor of Tel Aviv.
Born in Vishneva in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus), Rabinovitz attended high school in Vilnius, and went on to train as a teacher in the same city. He worked as a teacher and headmaster, and was a member of the HeHalutz movement. He made aliyah to the Mandate Palestine in 1934 and studied in the economics and law school of Tel Aviv University. Prior to independence, he worked for Mashbir HaZarhan, and was involved in the Haganah.
In 1955 he was elected onto Tel Aviv city council, serving until 1959. That year he became Deputy Mayor in charge of Finances, a position he held until becoming mayor in 1969. He served as mayor until 1974.
Although not a member of the Knesset, he was appointed Minister of Housing in March 1974 by Golda Meir. After Meir resigned, he became Minister of Finance in Yitzhak Rabin's government, serving until 1977. In the 1977 elections he was voted into the Knesset on the Alignment's list, but lost his cabinet post as Likud formed a right-wing government. He died whilst still a Knesset member at the age of 67 on 14 August 1979. His seat was taken by Esther Herlitz.
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Yehuda Leib Maimon
Yehuda Leib Maimon (Hebrew: יהודה לייב מימון, born Yehuda Leib Fishman on 11 December 1875, died 10 July 1962, also known as Yehuda Leib Hacohen Maimon) was an Israeli rabbi, politician and leader of the religious Zionism movement, originating from Bessarabia.
Born in 1875 in Mărculeşti, Bessarabia (then part of the Russian Empire, now in Moldova), Maimon studied in a number of yeshivot and received rabbinic ordination from Rabbi Yechiel Michel Epstein, the author of the Aruch HaShulchan. He was one of the founders of the Mizrachi movement in 1902. By this time Maimon had moved to the Russian Empire, where he was arrested several times for Zionist activity. He was a delegate to the ninth Zionist Congress in 1909, and attended every one until Israeli independence in 1948.[citation needed]
In 1913 Maimon moved to Palestine (then part of the Ottoman Empire), but was expelled during the First World War. He moved to the United States, where he organised the Mizrachi movement. After returning to Mandate Palestine (now under British control) in 1919, Maimon became leader of Mizrachi in the country and together with Abraham Isaac Kook he helped establish the Chief Rabbinate. He was elected to the board of the Jewish Agency in 1935, but was imprisoned by the British in Latrun in 1946.[citation needed]
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Yigal Allon
Yigal Allon (Hebrew: יגאל אלון, 10 October 1918 – 29 February 1980) was an Israeli politician, a commander of the Palmach, and a general in the IDF. He served as one of the leaders of Ahdut HaAvoda party and the Israeli Labor party, and acting Prime Minister of Israel, and was a member of the Knesset and government minister from the 10th through the 17th Governments.
Allon was born in Kfar Tavor in the Ottoman Empire. In 1937 he graduated from Kadoorie Agricultural High School, and joined kibbutz Ginosar.
He died in Afula on 29 February 1980 and was buried on the shore of Lake Kinneret (the Sea of Galilee) in the cemetery of Kibbutz Ginosar.
Allon commanded a field unit of the Haganah and then a mobile patrol in northern Palestine during the Arab riots of 1936–39. During this period he participated in several operations of the Special Night Squads (SNS), under the command of Orde Charles Wingate and H.E.N. Bredin. In 1941 he became one of the founding members of the Palmach. That same year he took part in the British invasion of Lebanon and Syria. In 1943 he became the Deputy Commander of the organization, and served in this post until 1945, when he became Commander in Chief.
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Yigal Hurvitz
Yigal Hurvitz (Hebrew: יִגָּאֵל הורביץ, born 1918, died 10 January 1994) was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister in the late 1970s and 1980s.
Hurvitz was born in Nahlat Yehuda (today part of Rishon LeZion) in 1918. Between 1938 and 1941 he was a member of the secretariat of HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed, and served in the Jewish Brigade during World War II. In 1961 he joined Mapai and became a member of the party's central committee. He also served as a member of the Moshavim Movement's secretariat between 1961 and 1965.
In 1965 he joined David Ben-Gurion's new Rafi party, and followed Ben-Gurion to the new National List in 1969. In that year he was elected to the Knesset on the party's list. Following its merger into the new Likud alliance in 1973, Hurvitz was re-elected on Likud's list. He was re-elected in 1977, and was appointed Minister of Industry & Tourism, a role he held until October 1978. In November 1979 he was appointed Minister of Finance, but left the cabinet again on 13 January 1981. On 26 January he and two other Likud MKs broke away from the Likud to form Rafi – National List. On 19 May he left the new faction to join Moshe Dayan's Telem.
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Yisrael Barzilai
Yisrael Barzilai (Hebrew: ישראל ברזילי, born Yisrael Izenberg on 1 October 1913, died 12 June 1970) was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister during the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s.
Born in an area that was later to become part of Poland), Barzilai joined Hashomer Hatzair at the age of 11. In 1932 he moved to Paris to study, before making aliyah to Mandate Palestine in 1934. In Palestine he joined the HeHalutz movement, and in 1938 was elected head of the independent settlements department of Kibbutz Artzi. In 1939 he was one of the founders of kibbutz Negba.
In 1947 he became secretary of the World Union of Mapam. Between 1948 and 1951 he worked as the Israeli consul in Poland. After returning to Israel, he served as political secretary of Mapam between 1953 and 1955.
He was first elected to the Knesset on Mapam's list in 1955, and was appointed Minister of Health in David Ben-Gurion's government. In November 1958 he also became Minister of Postal Services after the National Religious Party withdrew from the government. After the 1959 elections he continued as Minister of Health.
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Yisrael Kessar
Yisrael Kessar (Hebrew: ישראל קיסר, born 20 May 1931) is a former Israeli politician who served as a Knesset member for the Alignment and Labor Party between 1984 and 1996.
Kessar was born in Sana'a, Yemen in 1931 and immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine in 1933. He served in the IDF as a captain. He studied economy and sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv University.
In 1966 he began his public career in the Histadrut, as treasurer (1973–1977), chairman of the Worker's Company (1977–1984) and secretary general (1984–1992). He was also chairman of the Division of the Professional Union and the Division of Youth, Sports, Manpower, and Students.
In 1984 he was elected to the Knesset for the Alignment. He was re-elected in 1988, and again in 1992, after which he was appointed Minister of Transportation by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, a position he held until 1996. He was one of the early initiators of the Tel Aviv Light Rail. He lost his seat and ministerial post following the 1996 elections.
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Yisrael Yeshayahu
Yisrael Yeshayahu Sharabi (Hebrew: ישראל ישעיהו שרעבי, 20 April 1908 – 20 June 1979) was a Yemen-born Israeli politician, minister and the fifth Speaker of the Knesset.
Born in Sa'dah, Yemen, Yeshayahu was a member of the Dor Daim movement, before making aliyah in 1929. He became head of the Yemenite Immigrant and Eastern Jewry Department of the Histadrut in 1934, a position he retained until 1948 when he started organizing the immigration of Yemenite Jews, including Operation Magic Carpet.
He worked as a Hitler impersonator from 1939 to 1945, earning himself the affectionate title 'Jewish Hitler'.
A member of the Tel Aviv Workers Council, he was also a delegate to the Zionist Congress and the Assembly of Representatives. He served Deputy Secretary of Government and communications officer between the Government and the Knesset between 1948 and 1949.
He narrowly missed out on being elected to the first Knesset in 1949, but entered it in 1951 as a replacement for Aryeh Sheftel and retained his seat in every election until 1977. He was appointed Minister of Postal Services in 1967, a role he retained until the 1969 elections. After serving as Secretary General of the Labour Party between 1971 and 1972, he was made Speaker of the Knesset in 1972, a role he retained until 1977.
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Yitzhak Cohen
Rabbi Yitzhak Cohen (Hebrew: יצחק כהן, born 2 December 1951) is an Israeli politician who has served as a member of the Knesset for Shas since 1996, and is the current Deputy Minister of Finance.
Born in Ashkelon, Cohen served on the city's council and was its former deputy mayor.
He served as Secretary-General of Shas' educational institution (El HaMa'ayan). He was first elected to Knesset in 1996. In his time in Knesset he has served on the Finance Committee, Labor and Welfare Committee, Committee on Foreign Workers, Foreign Affairs & Defense Committee, Joint Committee for the Defense Budget, Special Committee for Discussion of the Security Service Law Substitute Member, Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, and the House Committee. He has also been a member of the Knesset Forum on the Middle East lobby, and is currently a member of the Lobby for Ethiopian Immigrants.
He became the Minister of Religious Affairs in July 1999, and resigned a year later. He served as the Deputy Minister of Finance from 2001–2003. In 2006 he was appointed the Minister without Portfolio, and is in charge of religious councils, a role converted to Religious Services Minister in January 2008.
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Yitzhak Gruenbaum
Yitzhak Gruenbaum (Polish: Izaak Grünbaum, Hebrew and Yiddish: יצחק גרינבוים, born 1879 died 1970) was a noted leader of the Zionist movement among Polish Jewry between the two world wars and of the Yishuv in Mandatory Palestine, and the first Interior Minister of Israel.
Gruenbaum was born in Warsaw, Poland. While a student of jurisprudence, he began activities on behalf of the Zionist movement and engaged in journalism. He served as editor of several periodicals widely circulated among Polish Jewry, including the Hebrew Ha-Zefirah and the Hebrew weekly Ha-Olam. Under his editorship, the Yiddish daily, Haynt, took on a pro-Zionist slant.
On the political scene in Poland, Gruenbaum headed the Al Hamishmar radical Zionist faction. In 1919 he was elected to the Sejm (Polish parliament), where, together with Apolinary Hartglas, he organized a "Jewish bloc" that united most of the Jewish parties. He was the moving force in forming a collaboration with other minority parties represented in the Sejm, including Germans, Ukrainians, and others, to form a Bloc of National Minorities alliance in 1922, that acted to protect the rights of minority populations in Poland. His efforts brought about an increase of Jewish representation in the Sejm, which was accompanied by a rise in antisemitism. Gruenbaum was known for his courageous and militant stance against antisemitism and on behalf of minorities' rights, while equally critical of the ultra-orthodox party Agudat Israel and Jewish lobbying.
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Yitzhak Levy
Rabbi Yitzhak Levy (Hebrew: יצחק לוי, born 6 July 1947) is an Israeli rabbi and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party (NRP) and the Ahi faction of the National Union between 1988 and 2009. Between 1998 and 2002 he was NRP leader, and also held several ministerial portfolios.
Levy was born in Casablanca in Morocco in 1947, the son of Daniel-Yitzhak Levy, who later served as a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party. The family immigrated to Israel in 1957. He studied at Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh and Yeshivat Hakotel, where he received rabbinical ordination. He served as an officer in the IDF, achieving the rank of major. He was a member of the Bnei Akiva Executive and World Secretariat, and Secretary-General of the National Religious Movement from 1986 to 1995. He was the Rabbi of the Bnei Akiva Talmudic College in Kfar Maimon and was among the initiators of the establishment of the Jewish quarter in Jerusalem, and one of the founders of the Israeli settlement of Elon Moreh in the West Bank.
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Yitzhak Mordechai
Yitzhak Mordechai (Hebrew: יצחק מרדכי, born 22 November 1944) is an Israeli former general and politician. He served as a member of the Knesset between 1996 and 2001, and as Minister of Defense and Minister of Transport. He retired from political life after being indicted for sexual assaults during his military service and later periods.
Mordechai was born in Iraqi Kurdistan and made aliyah to Israel in 1949. He holds a BA in history from Tel Aviv University and an MA in Political Science from the University of Haifa.
In 1962 he enlisted to the Combat Engineering Corps of the IDF and later joined the Paratroopers Brigade. In the 1973 Yom Kippur War, he was battalion commander in the Battle of the Chinese Farm in Sinai, and was decorated with the Medal of Courage. In 1984, in what became known as the Kav 300 affair, Mordechai, then a Brigadier General, was framed for the killing of two Palestinian bus hijackers. Mordechai was tried, and acquitted when the truth became known. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1986, and became known as the "General of the Three Commands", after serving as commander of all three territorial commands (North, Center and South). The First Intifada broke out in December 1987, when Mordechai was commander of the Southern Command. As commander of the Northern Command he commanded over Operation Accountability in 1993. Mordechai retired from active service in 1995 after 33 years of service, when new Chief of General Staff Amnon Lipkin-Shahak did not appoint him as his deputy.
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Yitzhak Navon
Yitzhak Navon (Hebrew: יצחק נבון, born 9 April 1921) is an Israeli politician, diplomat, and author. He served as the fifth President of Israel between 1978 and 1982 as a member of the center-left Alignment party. He was the first Israeli president to be born in Jerusalem, then within the British Mandate for Palestine, and the first not to have been born in and made aliyah from the Russian Empire.
In 2005, he was voted the 108th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.
Born in Jerusalem, Navon is a descendant of a Sephardi family of rabbis. On his father's side, he is descended from Spanish Jews who settled in Turkey after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. The family (Baruch Mizrahi family or Al Mashraki) moved to Jerusalem in 1670. On his mother's side, he is descended from the renowned kabbalist Haim Ben Attar. The Ben-Atar family came from Morocco to Jerusalem in 1884.
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Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin (help·info) (Hebrew: יִצְחָק רַבִּין IPA: [jitsˈχak ʁaˈbin]; March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995.
In 1994, Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize together with Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat. He was assassinated by right-wing Israeli radical Yigal Amir, who was opposed to Rabin's signing of the Oslo Accords. Rabin was the first native-born prime minister of Israel, the only prime minister to be assassinated and the second to die in office after Levi Eshkol.
Rabin was born in Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine to Nehemiah and Rosa (née Cohen), two immigrants of the Third Aliyah, the third wave of Jewish immigration to Israel from Europe. Nehemiah Rubitzov was born in the Ukrainian village Sydorovychi near Ivankiv in 1886. His father died when he was a child, and he worked to support his family from a young age. At the age of 18, he emigrated to the United States, where he joined the Poale Zion party and changed his surname to Rabin. In 1917, Nehemiah went to the British Mandate of Palestine with a group of volunteers from the Jewish Legion.
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Yitzhak Rafael
Yitzhak Rafael (Hebrew: יצחק רפאל, born 5 July 1914, died 3 August 1999) was an Israeli politician who served as Minister of Religions in the mid-1970s.
Rafael was born in Sabov in Galicia in 1914, and attended high school in Poland. During his youth he was a member of the Torah and Work youth movement, and founded a local branch of the Bnei Akiva youth movement.
He made aliyah to Mandate Palestine in 1935 and worked as a teacher in Jerusalem. He attended the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining an MA in Humanities. He went on to study at the New York Theological Seminary, where he was awarded a doctorate in literature.
He worked for the Jewish Agency and was director of the department of Craftsman and Small Business. Between 1940 and 1947 he edited a small journal. He was a member of the Hagana and represented Hapoel HaMizrachi in the Assembly of Representatives in 1944. During the 1948 war he was a member of the Jerusalem Emergency Committee. Between 1948 and 1953 he was a member of the Jewish Agency's board, and headed its aliyah department, where he was responsible for the large influx of Jewish refugees (numbering over 685,000 between 1948 and 1951), rejecting calls to put a limit on numbers.
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Yitzhak Shamir
Yitzhak Shamir (help·info) (Hebrew: יצחק שמיר, born Icchak Jeziernicky; October 15, 1915) is a former Israeli politician, the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, in 1983–84 and 1986–92.
Icchak Jeziernicky (later Yitzhak Shamir) was born in Ruzhany (Yiddish: Rozhinoy, Polish: Różana), Russian Empire (now Belarus). He studied at a Hebrew High School in Białystok, Poland. As a youth he joined Betar, the Revisionist Zionist youth movement. He studied at the law faculty of Warsaw University, but cut his studies short to immigrate to what was then the British Mandate of Palestine. In 1935, after settling in Palestine, he Hebraized his surname to Shamir. In 1944 he married Shulamit Shamir (1923 – July 29, 2011), whom he met in a detention camp. Shulamit immigrated to Mandate Palestine from Bulgaria on a rickety boat in 1941 and was sent to prison because she entered the country illegally. They had two children, Yair and Gilada. Shulamit died on July 29, 2011.
Shamir joined the Irgun Zvai Leumi, a Zionist militant group that opposed British control of Palestine. When Irgun split in 1940, Shamir joined the more militant faction, National Military Organization in Israel, also known as the Stern Gang, headed by Avraham Stern.
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Yoram Aridor
Yoram Aridor (Hebrew: יורם ארידור, born 24 October 1933) is an Israeli former politician, who served as a member of the Knesset from 1969 until 1988, as well as holding two ministerial posts.
Born in Tel Aviv, Aridor studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and practiced law while being active in the Herut movement. He was first elected to the Knesset in 1969 as a member of Gahal, an alliance of Herut and the Liberal Party. Following the 1977 elections he became a deputy minister in Menachem Begin's government.
Aridor's first ministerial appointment was the Minister of Communications, in 1981. In this position, Aridor immediately restored television color broadcasting. In the 1970s, color bursts (the signals encoding colors) were actively removed from IBA transmissions, in an attempt to discourage the population from buying new television sets. Aridor's action led to an increase of his popularity, and boosted his political career.
Two weeks later he was appointed the Minister of Finance, and again took a populist approach, lowering taxes on automobiles and household appliances. As such, his days as finance minister were called the "Merry Aridor Days". The lowering of inflation in Israel during his first years in office is attributed in part to this policy, leading to an increase in government's income from taxes. In subsequent years however, the inflation rose sharply (from 102% in 1981 to 191% in 1983), and as a countermeasure Aridor proposed to peg the Israeli shekel to the US dollar at a fixed exchange rate. He resigned his position on 15 October 1983 due to widespread criticism of his "dollarization plan".
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Yosef Burg
Yosef Shlomo Burg (Hebrew: יוסף שלמה בורג, born 31 January 1909, died 15 October 1999) was an Israeli politician. In 1949, he was elected to the first Knesset, and served in many ministerial positions for the next 40 years. He was one of the founders of the National Religious Party.
Yosef Shlomo Burg was born in Dresden, Germany. He attended the Rabbinical Seminary in Berlin and the University of Berlin from 1928 to 1931. He received a Doctorate in mathematics and logic from the University of Leipzig in 1933. He continued to study at the Rabbinical Seminary in Berlin and was ordained as a rabbi in 1938.
While at the University of Leipzig, he joined the Young Mizrahi religious Zionist movement. He arranged Jewish prayer services in private homes after German synagogues were burned, and worked underground to help Jews escape to England and the Netherlands. His mother and grandmother died in Nazi concentration camps.
In 1939, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine. He worked as teacher at the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium in Tel Aviv before moving to Jerusalem. There he become a research fellow at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Burg lived in the Rehavia neighborhood of Jerusalem. His son, Avraham Burg, was speaker of the fifteenth Knesset.
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Yosef Sapir
Yosef Sapir (Hebrew: יוסף ספיר; January 27, 1902 – February 26, 1972) was an Israeli politician and Knesset member of the 1st to 7th Knessets. He served as head of the General Zionists and was a founding member of the Gahal party.
Sapir was born in Jaffa in 1902, during Ottoman period. Between 1940 and 1951, he served as the mayor of Petah Tikva, where a major street (part of Road 481) has been named after him. Shortly after his tenure, Sapir joined the national government at the end of 1952 as the Health Minister and went on to become the Minister of Transportation in 1953 until 1955.
In Levi Eshkol's emergency government formed on the eve of the Six-Day War, Sapir served as a Minister without Portfolio and assumed the post of Minister of Trade and Industry in Golda Meir's government, until Gahal left the coalition on August 6, 1970.
Karmei Yosef, a communal settlement founded in 1984 between Ramle and Beit Shemesh, was named in his honor.
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Yosef Serlin
Yosef Serlin (Hebrew: יוסף סרלין, 24 February 1906 – 15 January 1974) was a Zionist activist, lawyer and Israeli politician.
Serlin was born in Białystok in the Russian Empire (now in Poland), where he attended a Hebrew High School. He studied law at the University of Warsaw and was certified as a lawyer in 1929. He was active in the Zionist Movement in Poland and was chairman of the Federation of Academic Zionists in Warsaw. He was made personal secretary to Nahum Sokolow in 1930. He was also a member of the Central Committee of Radical Zionists in Poland.
In 1933 he immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine and worked as a lawyer in Tel Aviv. He was one of the founders of the General Zionists and later deputy chairman of the World Confederation of General Zionists Association. He was also a member of the Zionist Actions Committee.
After the establishment of the State of Israel In 1948 he was a member of the Provisional State Council. He was then elected to the first through fourth Knessets for the General Zionists. In 1954 he joined Yosef Sapir and Simha Erlich to tighten their grip on the party. However, 1957 saw a schism between him and Sapir and a decline of his power within the party. In 1961 he became one of leaders of the Liberal Party, for which he was elected to the fifth Knesset. The Liberal Party then merged into Gahal, for which he was elected to the sixth and seventh Knessets. He was a member of the House, Labor, Constitution, Law and Justice, Economic Affairs, and Finance Committees. He was also deputy Speaker of the Knesset.
wn.com/Yosef_Serlin -
Yossi Beilin
Dr. Yosef "Yossi" Beilin (Hebrew: יוסי ביילין, born in Petah Tikva on 12 June 1948) is a left-wing Israeli politician and a former Knesset member, Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister and Justice Minister, representing both the Labor Party and Meretz-Yachad, of which he served as chairman between 2003 and 2006. He is best known for his involvement with the Oslo accords, the Geneva Initiative and the Israeli-Palestinian peace process in general. His signed expositions on Israeli political and social current events are frequently carried in the left-of-centre daily newspaper Haaretz and the right-of-centre daily newspaper Israel HaYom.
The majority of Beilin's political career, from 1977 until 2003 is associated with the Labour party. He served as its spokesman from 1977 until 1984, at which point his career in the public service began. He was a Cabinet Secretary until 1986 and a Director General of the Foreign Ministry until 1986-1988. In 1988 he was elected to the Knesset in which he was to serve until 1999. During this period he was Deputy Finance Minister (1988–1990) and Deputy Foreign Minister (1992–1995) under Shimon Peres. His long time involvement with Shimon Peres earned him the derogatory nickname "Peres' poodle" in the early 1990s, a term coined by Peres' political rival, Yitzhak Rabin.
wn.com/Yossi_Beilin -
Yuli Tamir
Yael "Yuli" Tamir (Hebrew: יולי תמיר, born 26 February 1954) is an Israeli academic and former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between 2003 and 2010, and as Minister of Immigrant Absorption and Education.
Born in Tel Aviv (some sources state Ramat Gan), Tamir served in Aman's 848 Unit during her national service, and during the Yom Kippur War, she served as an officer in an outpost on the Sinai. She received a BA in Biology and an MA in Political Science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She received a PhD in Political Philosophy from Oxford. Between 1989 and 1999, she was a philosophy lecturer in Tel Aviv University and a research fellow at the Shalom Hartman Institute of Jerusalem, Princeton and Harvard universities.
Tamir was one of the founders of Peace Now in 1978, and between 1980 and 1985, she was an activist for Ratz. From 1998 until 1999, she was chairwoman of the Israeli Association for Civil Rights. From 1995, she became active in the Labour Party. Although Tamir failed to win election to the Knesset in the 1999 election, she was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption by Ehud Barak. She was elected to the Knesset in the following 2003 election, and served on the finance, constitutional, law and order, public input, and culture and sport committees. She also served on the investigatory parliamentary committee into government corruption.
wn.com/Yuli_Tamir -
Yuval Steinitz
Yuval Steinitz (Hebrew: יובל שטייניץ, born 10 April 1958), is an Israeli politician and Knesset member for Likud since 1999. He is the Finance Minister of Israel.
Yuval Steinitz was born and raised on moshav Ramot HaShavim. He studied in the biology track at Katznelson High School in Kfar Sava. He was expelled for refusing to sign a letter promising to stop his argumentative behavior in class, and completed his bagrut (baccalaureate high school degree) externally. He did his army service as an infantry soldier in the Golani Brigade of the Israeli Defense Forces. As a reservist in the Alexandroni Brigade, he was wounded during the Lebanon War. His higher education began at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he obtained a BA and an MA in Philosophy.
Steinitz is married to Gila Canfy-Steinitz, a judge on the Jerusalem District Court. They have three children and live in Mevaseret Zion.
His doctoral thesis, entitled From A Rational Point of View was completed at the Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas at Tel Aviv University. Steinitz was awarded the Alon Scholarship for his work. He continued his research at the University of Haifa, were he worked as a senior lecturer until entering the Knesset in 1999. While at Haifa University, Steinitz published articles on military strategy and tactics in various periodicals, including the IDF journal Marachot. At the age of 29, he published his book Invitation to Philosophy, which became the best-selling philosophy text in Israel and was reprinted 40 times.
wn.com/Yuval_Steinitz -
Zalman Aran
Zalman Aran (Hebrew: זלמן ארן, 1 March 1899 – 6 September 1970) was a Zionist activist, educator and Israeli politician.
Aran was born Zalman Aharonowitz in 1899 in Yuzovka in the Russian Empire (now Donetsk, Ukraine), and received a religious education in a heder. He later studied agriculture in Kharkov. In his youth, he was active in Tze'irei Zion, and in 1917 became a member of the "Self-Defense Organization Committee" of the movement. He worked as a teacher and a statistician from 1918 to 1923. In 1920, after the party split, he joined the Zionist Socialists and was a member of its secret Central Committee from 1924 to 1925.
In 1926, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine, where he joined the Ahdut HaAvoda Party. He worked in building and road construction. In 1930, after Ahdut HaAvoda merged into Mapai, he was appointed the new party's General Secretary in Tel Aviv. From 1936 to 1947 he worked in the Histadrut Executive Committee as Treasurer and Director of the Information Department, and was one of the founders of the School for Histadrut Activists. He also became a member of the Zionist Executive Committee in 1946 and a member of its Presidium in 1948.
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Zalman Shazar
Zalman Shazar (Hebrew: זלמן שז"ר) (November 24, 1889 – October 5, 1974) was an Israeli politician, author. and poet. Shazar served as the third President of Israel from 1963 to 1973.
Shazar (Shneur Zalman Rubashov) was born to a Hasidic family of the Chabad-Lubavitch denomination in Mir, near Minsk, in the Russian Empire (today in Hrodna Voblast, Belarus), he received a religious education as a youth. In his teenage years he became involved in the Poale Zion Movement. Shazar immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1924, and became a member of the secretariat of the Histadrut.
Shazar died on October 5, 1974. He is buried on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.
Shazar served as the editor-in-chief of the Israeli newspaper Davar from 1944 to 1949.
He was elected to the first Knesset in 1949 as a member of Mapai, and was appointed Minister of Education in David Ben-Gurion's first government. He was not a member of Ben-Gurion's second cabinet, but retained his seat in the 1951 and 1955 elections. He also became a member of the Jewish Agency Executive in 1952. He resigned from the Knesset in 1956, and from 1956 to 1960 was acting chairman of the Jewish Agency's Jerusalem Executive.
wn.com/Zalman_Shazar -
Zerach Warhaftig
Rabbi Dr. Zerach Warhaftig (Hebrew: זרח ורהפטיג, Yiddish: זרח ווארהאפטיק, also spelt Zerah Wahrhaftig, Zorach Warhaftig or Zérach Varhaftig, 2 February 1906 - 26 September 2002) was an Israeli lawyer and politician and a signatory of Israel's Declaration of Independence.
Warhaftig was born in Volkovysk in the Russian Empire (today Vaŭkavysk, Belarus) in 1906. His parents were Yerucham Warhaftig and Rivka Fainstein. During World War II Rabbi Warhaftig convinced the Japanese Vice-Consul in Kaunas Lithuania, Chiune Sugihara, to issue visas for the entire Mir yeshiva. By doing this Chiune Sugihara saved thousands of lives and families from the hands of the Nazis who by then were in control of Poland and then Lithuania. He immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine in 1947 and immediately got involved in politics. Initially he joined the Hapoel HaMizrachi party, a religious-zionist party, and was elected to the first Knesset as part of the United Religious Front, an alliance between Mizrachi, Hapoel HaMizrachi, Agudat Israel and Agudat Israel Workers. In 1948 he had also started lecturing in Jewish Law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a role he maintained until 1963.
wn.com/Zerach_Warhaftig -
Zevulun Hammer
Zevulun Hammer (Hebrew: זבולון המר, 31 May 1936 – 20 January 1998) was an Israeli politician, minister and Deputy Prime Minister.
Hammer was born in Haifa during the British Mandate of Palestine. He was an active member of the Bnei Akiva youth movement (which he led), and served in the Israeli Armored Corps in a Nahal programme. He graduated from Bar-Ilan University with a BA in Judaism and Bible, as well as a teaching certificate and worked as a teacher. At the university, he headed the Student Union and was a member of the Presidium of the Israeli Students Association and the World Union of Jewish Students.
Hammer was first elected to the Knesset in 1969 as a member of the National Religious Party. He became Deputy Minister of Education and Culture in January 1973. In November 1975 he was appointed Minister of Welfare, but in December 1976 his party resigned from the cabinet
After the 1977 elections he was appointed Minister of Education, a role he retained until September 1984. For a brief period during the 10th Knesset, Hammer and Yehuda Ben-Meir broke away from the NRP and formed a new faction, Gesher – Zionist Religious Centre; however, they returned to the NRP after two weeks.
wn.com/Zevulun_Hammer -
Óscar Arias
Óscar Arias Sánchez (born 13 September 1940) is a Costa Rican politician who was President of Costa Rica from 2006 to 2010. He previously served as President from 1986 to 1990 and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end civil wars then raging in several other Central American countries.
He is also a recipient of the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism and a trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. In 2003, he was elected to the Board of Directors of the International Criminal Court's TrustFund for Victims. He is also currently a member of the Club de Madrid, a nonprofit composed of 81 former leaders of democratic states, that works to strengthen democratic institutions.
Raised by an upper class family in the province of Heredia, Óscar Arias concluded his secondary schooling at the Saint Francis College in the capital city of San José. He then went to the United States and enrolled in Boston University with the intention of studying medicine, but he soon returned to his home country and completed degrees in law and economics at the University of Costa Rica. In 1967, Arias traveled to the United Kingom and enrolled in the London School of Economics. He receive a doctoral degree in political science from the University of Essex in 1974. Arias has received over fifty honorary degrees, including doctorates from Harvard University, Princeton University, Dartmouth College, Oberlin College, Wake Forest University, Ithaca College and Washington University in St. Louis.
wn.com/Óscar_Arias
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The Frost Interview - Shimon Peres: 'Self-victimising Palestinians'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:36
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
In an exclusive interview with Sir David Frost, Israel's president questions his government's position on settlements, pours scorn on accusations of a plot to kill Yasser Arafat and insists Palestinians are victims of their own mistakes.
http://wn.com/The_Frost_Interview_Shimon_Peres_'Self-victimising_Palestinians'
In an exclusive interview with Sir David Frost, Israel's president questions his government's position on settlements, pours scorn on accusations of a plot to kill Yasser Arafat and insists Palestinians are victims of their own mistakes.
BBC HARDtalk - Shimon Peres - President of Israel (22/11/12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:23
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
HARDtalk travels to Jerusalem to speak with Israel's President, Shimon Peres. The last week has been dominated by renewed confrontation between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. Sustained exchanges of fire have caused hundreds of casualties - most of them Palestinian. But the basic dynamic of the Israeli / Palestinian conflict appears unchanged. In a region that has been destabilised by the Arab uprisings, are Israel's leaders making wise strategic choices? Credits Interviewed Guest - Shimon Peres Presenter - Stephen Sackur www.bbc.co.uk
http://wn.com/BBC_HARDtalk_Shimon_Peres_President_of_Israel_22_11_12
HARDtalk travels to Jerusalem to speak with Israel's President, Shimon Peres. The last week has been dominated by renewed confrontation between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. Sustained exchanges of fire have caused hundreds of casualties - most of them Palestinian. But the basic dynamic of the Israeli / Palestinian conflict appears unchanged. In a region that has been destabilised by the Arab uprisings, are Israel's leaders making wise strategic choices? Credits Interviewed Guest - Shimon Peres Presenter - Stephen Sackur www.bbc.co.uk
- published: 23 Nov 2012
- views: 2952
- author: BBCHardTALK24
President Shimon Peres and Prime Minister Netanyahu's Meeting - Operation Pillar of Defense
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Video: GPO
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres_and_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu's_Meeting_Operation_Pillar_of_Defense
10 Questions for Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about peace, Iran as a nuclear threat and why Israel is the most dramatic country in the world
http://wn.com/10_Questions_for_Shimon_Peres
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about peace, Iran as a nuclear threat and why Israel is the most dramatic country in the world
- published: 27 Mar 2012
- views: 1886
- author: TimeMagazine
President Obama Awards Shimon Peres the Presidential Medal of Freedom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:09
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
President Obama awards President Shimon Peres of Israel the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a dinner at the White House in the East Room. An ardent advocate for Israel's security and for peace, Shimon Peres was elected the ninth President of Israel in 2007. Through his life and work, he has strengthened the unbreakable bonds between Israel and the United States.
http://wn.com/President_Obama_Awards_Shimon_Peres_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom
President Obama awards President Shimon Peres of Israel the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a dinner at the White House in the East Room. An ardent advocate for Israel's security and for peace, Shimon Peres was elected the ninth President of Israel in 2007. Through his life and work, he has strengthened the unbreakable bonds between Israel and the United States.
- published: 14 Jun 2012
- views: 12253
- author: whitehouse
A Historic Evening with Shimon Peres - Interview with Campbell Brown
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:26
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Shimon Peres in conversation with journalist Campbell Brown
http://wn.com/A_Historic_Evening_with_Shimon_Peres_Interview_with_Campbell_Brown
Shimon Peres in conversation with journalist Campbell Brown
- published: 13 Mar 2012
- views: 3407
- author: LAJFed
Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
The Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon June 11 2012 Remarks by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta
http://wn.com/Israeli_president_Shimon_Peres_arrives_at_the_Pentagon
The Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon June 11 2012 Remarks by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta
- published: 12 Jun 2012
- views: 1618
- author: Natasha Mozgovaya
PC2012 - Sunday Opening Plenary - Speech: Israeli President Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:46
- Updated: 31 May 2012
AIPAC Policy Conference 2012
http://wn.com/PC2012_Sunday_Opening_Plenary_Speech_Israeli_President_Shimon_Peres
President Shimon Peres: Iran in "Open War" with Israel/Syria Chemical Weapons a Threat to Israel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:55
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
security.blogs.cnn.com www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres_Iran_in_Open_War_with_Israel_Syria_Chemical_Weapons_a_Threat_to_Israel
security.blogs.cnn.com www.youtube.com
- published: 24 Jul 2012
- views: 1522
- author: ADRENALINEJUNKY -Jason Hendricks
President Shimon Peres - Be My Friend For Peace (Noy Alooshe Remix Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 20 Jan 2013
הפקה: בית הנשיא Production : Office of The President of Israel קריאייטיב ויזום דיגיטל: רון שלי וגולן בר שלום מגהפון Creative and Digital : by Megaphone Ron Shely and golan Bar Shalom לחן וקריאייטיב: נוי אלוש...
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres_Be_My_Friend_For_Peace_Noy_Alooshe_Remix_Video
הפקה: בית הנשיא Production : Office of The President of Israel קריאייטיב ויזום דיגיטל: רון שלי וגולן בר שלום מגהפון Creative and Digital : by Megaphone Ron Shely and golan Bar Shalom לחן וקריאייטיב: נוי אלוש...
- published: 06 Mar 2012
- views: 369863
- author: Peres
Israeli President Shimon Peres' secret to longevity
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about his secrets to longevity and says why he thinks vacations are a waste of time. For more CNN videos, check out www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/Israeli_President_Shimon_Peres'_secret_to_longevity
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about his secrets to longevity and says why he thinks vacations are a waste of time. For more CNN videos, check out www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
- published: 19 Jan 2013
- views: 5
- author: LatestNewsMedia
Shimon Peres on Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks exclusively to Piers Morgan about Iran and its long range missile capabilities.
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_on_Iran
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks exclusively to Piers Morgan about Iran and its long range missile capabilities.
- published: 19 Jan 2013
- views: 8
- author: LatestNewsMedia
Israeli President Shimon Peres' Speech at Dreamworks 2012-3-9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Updated: 17 Aug 2012
The Israeli President Mr. Shimon Peres, met with Dreamworks' leaders and gave a speech in front of 8000 staff members of the company Read the full story: www.abbanibi.com
http://wn.com/Israeli_President_Shimon_Peres'_Speech_at_Dreamworks_2012-3-9
The Israeli President Mr. Shimon Peres, met with Dreamworks' leaders and gave a speech in front of 8000 staff members of the company Read the full story: www.abbanibi.com
- published: 09 Mar 2012
- views: 1897
- author: abbanibiofficial
UJA Federation's Special Evening with President Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:20
- Updated: 11 May 2012
A Special Evening with President Peres, an event, organized by UJA Federation of Greater Toronto, saw a capacity crowd of over 3000 enthusiastic Peres supporters fill Toronto's Sony Centre for the Performing Arts for what was just that, a special evening. After an emotional and compelling address by Master of Ceremonies Robert Lantos, the celebrated Canadian Producer behind such blockbusters as Barney's Version and Eastern Promises, Toronto's own David Frum, a CNN contributor, journalist, author, and political advisor joined President Peres onstage for what could best be described as a "fireside chat" - sans the fire.
http://wn.com/UJA_Federation's_Special_Evening_with_President_Shimon_Peres
A Special Evening with President Peres, an event, organized by UJA Federation of Greater Toronto, saw a capacity crowd of over 3000 enthusiastic Peres supporters fill Toronto's Sony Centre for the Performing Arts for what was just that, a special evening. After an emotional and compelling address by Master of Ceremonies Robert Lantos, the celebrated Canadian Producer behind such blockbusters as Barney's Version and Eastern Promises, Toronto's own David Frum, a CNN contributor, journalist, author, and political advisor joined President Peres onstage for what could best be described as a "fireside chat" - sans the fire.
- published: 11 May 2012
- views: 1785
- author: UJAFederation
Shimon Peres on the elections and the campaigners behind the election ads
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:46
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
His objective Excellence Shimon Peres in an official interview and the Tribal Update's cameras go behind the scenes to the inner sanctum of the election campaigns: the parties' ad agencies.
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_on_the_elections_and_the_campaigners_behind_the_election_ads
His objective Excellence Shimon Peres in an official interview and the Tribal Update's cameras go behind the scenes to the inner sanctum of the election campaigns: the parties' ad agencies.
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- views: 2106
- author: LatmaTV
Baycrest News - Shimon Peres, audio recording
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:14
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/Baycrest_News_Shimon_Peres,_audio_recording
President Shimon Peres' greeting for Rosh Hashana SHANA TOVA!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
SHANA TOVA!
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres'_greeting_for_Rosh_Hashana_SHANA_TOVA!
Israeli President Shimon Peres Angers Prime Minister Netanyahu, Government: Did he Overstep?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
Last week Israeli President Shimon Peres angered officials from the Prime minister's office by publicly reacting to the situation in Iran. While the media has been reporting about Netanyahu's government potentially preparing for a strike on Iran's nuclear facility, the president was quoted saying in an interview to Israeli television that no military action will be taken in Iran before the November US presidential elections. And these statements came as quite a shock to the current Israeli government. According to the Israeli governmental system, the president holds an apolitical figurehead role, while the prime minister holds executive power on decision-making. Therefore, having President Peres insert commentary or make suggestions as to Israel's strategic defense plans upset the government, seeing as he was perceived as overstepping his position. Like Peres, many wonder whether Israel should unilaterally strike Iran's nuclear program. And discussions related to this matter are taking place in Israel as well as around the world. However, while Israeli and international citizens, politicians, and activists have the right to speak their mind, it is generally expected by most Israelis that the president, and especially this one, will maintain silence. Israel's fifth president Yitzhak Navon was quoted supporting Peres's remarks, noting that in some situations, one must say what he believes, even if he is the president of the state. Additionally, the White House praised Peres ...
http://wn.com/Israeli_President_Shimon_Peres_Angers_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu,_Government_Did_he_Overstep?
Last week Israeli President Shimon Peres angered officials from the Prime minister's office by publicly reacting to the situation in Iran. While the media has been reporting about Netanyahu's government potentially preparing for a strike on Iran's nuclear facility, the president was quoted saying in an interview to Israeli television that no military action will be taken in Iran before the November US presidential elections. And these statements came as quite a shock to the current Israeli government. According to the Israeli governmental system, the president holds an apolitical figurehead role, while the prime minister holds executive power on decision-making. Therefore, having President Peres insert commentary or make suggestions as to Israel's strategic defense plans upset the government, seeing as he was perceived as overstepping his position. Like Peres, many wonder whether Israel should unilaterally strike Iran's nuclear program. And discussions related to this matter are taking place in Israel as well as around the world. However, while Israeli and international citizens, politicians, and activists have the right to speak their mind, it is generally expected by most Israelis that the president, and especially this one, will maintain silence. Israel's fifth president Yitzhak Navon was quoted supporting Peres's remarks, noting that in some situations, one must say what he believes, even if he is the president of the state. Additionally, the White House praised Peres ...
- published: 21 Aug 2012
- views: 1309
- author: JewishNewsOne
Shimon Peres Meets Canadian PM Stephen Harper in Ottawa with Canadian Mounties Escorting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Israel President Shimon Peres has met with Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper in Ottawa. Peres' vehicle was escorted by Canadian Mounties on its way to the top level meeting which was expected to focus on issues of trade, security and diplomatic cooperation. The two countries are historically strong allies which was reflected in unconfirmed reports that Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister personally took to the phones last year to persuade other countries to oppose the Palestinian statehood bid at the United Nations. Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper: "Mr President it's wonderful to have you here, as you know Israel is a great friend of this country and we are always delighted to have high level visits and I'm delighted to be able to take time to chat with you once again." During his visit, Peres is also scheduled to travel Toronto and Montreal where he will meet with government leaders, attend a technological innovation conference and meet with Jewish community groups. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited Canada in March.
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_Meets_Canadian_PM_Stephen_Harper_in_Ottawa_with_Canadian_Mounties_Escorting
Israel President Shimon Peres has met with Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper in Ottawa. Peres' vehicle was escorted by Canadian Mounties on its way to the top level meeting which was expected to focus on issues of trade, security and diplomatic cooperation. The two countries are historically strong allies which was reflected in unconfirmed reports that Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister personally took to the phones last year to persuade other countries to oppose the Palestinian statehood bid at the United Nations. Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper: "Mr President it's wonderful to have you here, as you know Israel is a great friend of this country and we are always delighted to have high level visits and I'm delighted to be able to take time to chat with you once again." During his visit, Peres is also scheduled to travel Toronto and Montreal where he will meet with government leaders, attend a technological innovation conference and meet with Jewish community groups. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited Canada in March.
- published: 08 May 2012
- views: 1124
- author: JewishNewsOne
Shimon Peres Threatens War Over Nuclear Dispute: Israeli Presedent Talks Tough on CNN Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Updated: 25 Jun 2012
A much more stern and aggressive tone on Iran is coming from Israeli President Shimon Peres. The tireless 88 year old statesman, who lives in the residence behind me, is not known for making military threats. Quite the opposite. Peres is known as Israel 's "dove," the country's symbol of non-violent conflict resolution. He helped design the Oslo peace accords with the Palestinians. He promotes reconciliation with hostile Arab countries and diplomacy to resolve the nuclear dispute with Iran . But it seems even Shimon Peres has now lost his patience with Tehran and is talking tough. Don't discount the viable option of a military strike on your country -- that was the message Peres sent to Iran during an interview with CNN in Jerusalem ... Responding to a question about whether the military option was a credible threat, Israel 's President said he hopes the Iranians take it seriously... If they do, it won't come to using the military option... But if the Iranians think it's a bluff, he warned, it may quote "lead to a war." That was Peres's first public threat of the "w" word -- implying Israel would go to war with Iran if it fails to resolve its nuclear dispute with the West. But he left it vague enough to let the Iranians imagine that perhaps the US would also participate in a future, strike. American officials say they haven't taken that option off the table. Peres refused to give CNN any details about a military strike... But Peres indicated he has no doubt that the ...
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_Threatens_War_Over_Nuclear_Dispute_Israeli_Presedent_Talks_Tough_on_CNN_Interview
A much more stern and aggressive tone on Iran is coming from Israeli President Shimon Peres. The tireless 88 year old statesman, who lives in the residence behind me, is not known for making military threats. Quite the opposite. Peres is known as Israel 's "dove," the country's symbol of non-violent conflict resolution. He helped design the Oslo peace accords with the Palestinians. He promotes reconciliation with hostile Arab countries and diplomacy to resolve the nuclear dispute with Iran . But it seems even Shimon Peres has now lost his patience with Tehran and is talking tough. Don't discount the viable option of a military strike on your country -- that was the message Peres sent to Iran during an interview with CNN in Jerusalem ... Responding to a question about whether the military option was a credible threat, Israel 's President said he hopes the Iranians take it seriously... If they do, it won't come to using the military option... But if the Iranians think it's a bluff, he warned, it may quote "lead to a war." That was Peres's first public threat of the "w" word -- implying Israel would go to war with Iran if it fails to resolve its nuclear dispute with the West. But he left it vague enough to let the Iranians imagine that perhaps the US would also participate in a future, strike. American officials say they haven't taken that option off the table. Peres refused to give CNN any details about a military strike... But Peres indicated he has no doubt that the ...
- published: 22 Jun 2012
- views: 1643
- author: JewishNewsOne
Israeli President Shimon Peres at the 2nd YaLa Online Peace Conference
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Israeli_President_Shimon_Peres_at_the_2nd_YaLa_Online_Peace_Conference
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (www.youtube.com
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 661
- author: YaLaYLM
"The View" Israel President Shimon Peres & Barbara Walters (02/29/2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
"The View" Israel President Shimon Peres & Barbara Walters (02/29/2012)
http://wn.com/The_View_Israel_President_Shimon_Peres_Barbara_Walters_02_29_2012
"The View" Israel President Shimon Peres & Barbara Walters (02/29/2012)
- published: 29 Feb 2012
- views: 7087
- author: DVDFilmFun
President Peres Meets Minister of Foreign affairs Guido Westerwelle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:08
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/President_Peres_Meets_Minister_of_Foreign_affairs_Guido_Westerwelle
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The Frost Interview - Shimon Peres: 'Self-victimising Palestinians'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:36
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
In an exclusive interview with Sir David Frost, Israel's president questions his government's position on settlements, pours scorn on accusations of a plot to kill Yasser Arafat and insists Palestinians are victims of their own mistakes.
http://wn.com/The_Frost_Interview_Shimon_Peres_'Self-victimising_Palestinians'
In an exclusive interview with Sir David Frost, Israel's president questions his government's position on settlements, pours scorn on accusations of a plot to kill Yasser Arafat and insists Palestinians are victims of their own mistakes.
- published: 29 Dec 2012
- views: 3320
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Shimon Peres - Interview with Dateline Part 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 19 May 2012
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 2: www.youtube.com news.sbs.com.au
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_Interview_with_Dateline_Part_1_2
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 2: www.youtube.com news.sbs.com.au
- published: 10 Feb 2009
- views: 1937
- author: Intervene
A Historic Evening with Shimon Peres - Interview with Campbell Brown
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:26
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Shimon Peres in conversation with journalist Campbell Brown
http://wn.com/A_Historic_Evening_with_Shimon_Peres_Interview_with_Campbell_Brown
Shimon Peres in conversation with journalist Campbell Brown
- published: 13 Mar 2012
- views: 3363
- author: LAJFed
BBC Persian Interview with President Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
(Nov. 2009) President Peres discusses the Middle East in an interview with BBC Persian, the most-viewed independent channel in Iran. Copyright BBC Persian. All rights reserved.
http://wn.com/BBC_Persian_Interview_with_President_Shimon_Peres
(Nov. 2009) President Peres discusses the Middle East in an interview with BBC Persian, the most-viewed independent channel in Iran. Copyright BBC Persian. All rights reserved.
- published: 08 Dec 2009
- views: 14262
- author: Peres
Frost over the World-Israel special:Shimon Peres-9May08
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:13
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
As Israelis celebrate the 60th anniversary of the creation of their state, Sir David Frost looks back at the events of 1948 and the ongoing Palestinian/Israeli conflict. He talks to some of the key players in the region - in this part of the show to Shimon Peres, the Israeli president.
http://wn.com/Frost_over_the_World-Israel_specialShimon_Peres-9May08
As Israelis celebrate the 60th anniversary of the creation of their state, Sir David Frost looks back at the events of 1948 and the ongoing Palestinian/Israeli conflict. He talks to some of the key players in the region - in this part of the show to Shimon Peres, the Israeli president.
- published: 10 May 2008
- views: 15312
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
BBC HARDtalk - Shimon Peres - President of Israel (22/11/12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:23
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
HARDtalk travels to Jerusalem to speak with Israel's President, Shimon Peres. The last week has been dominated by renewed confrontation between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. Sustained exchanges of fire have caused hundreds of casualties - most of them Palestinian. But the basic dynamic of the Israeli / Palestinian conflict appears unchanged. In a region that has been destabilised by the Arab uprisings, are Israel's leaders making wise strategic choices? Credits Interviewed Guest - Shimon Peres Presenter - Stephen Sackur www.bbc.co.uk
http://wn.com/BBC_HARDtalk_Shimon_Peres_President_of_Israel_22_11_12
HARDtalk travels to Jerusalem to speak with Israel's President, Shimon Peres. The last week has been dominated by renewed confrontation between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. Sustained exchanges of fire have caused hundreds of casualties - most of them Palestinian. But the basic dynamic of the Israeli / Palestinian conflict appears unchanged. In a region that has been destabilised by the Arab uprisings, are Israel's leaders making wise strategic choices? Credits Interviewed Guest - Shimon Peres Presenter - Stephen Sackur www.bbc.co.uk
- published: 23 Nov 2012
- views: 2781
- author: BBCHardTALK24
10 Questions for Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about peace, Iran as a nuclear threat and why Israel is the most dramatic country in the world
http://wn.com/10_Questions_for_Shimon_Peres
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about peace, Iran as a nuclear threat and why Israel is the most dramatic country in the world
- published: 27 Mar 2012
- views: 1864
- author: TimeMagazine
President Shimon Peres and Prime Minister Netanyahu's Meeting - Operation Pillar of Defense
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Video: GPO
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres_and_Prime_Minister_Netanyahu's_Meeting_Operation_Pillar_of_Defense
President Obama Awards Shimon Peres the Presidential Medal of Freedom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:09
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
President Obama awards President Shimon Peres of Israel the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a dinner at the White House in the East Room. An ardent advocate for Israel's security and for peace, Shimon Peres was elected the ninth President of Israel in 2007. Through his life and work, he has strengthened the unbreakable bonds between Israel and the United States.
http://wn.com/President_Obama_Awards_Shimon_Peres_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom
President Obama awards President Shimon Peres of Israel the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a dinner at the White House in the East Room. An ardent advocate for Israel's security and for peace, Shimon Peres was elected the ninth President of Israel in 2007. Through his life and work, he has strengthened the unbreakable bonds between Israel and the United States.
- published: 14 Jun 2012
- views: 12190
- author: whitehouse
Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
The Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon June 11 2012 Remarks by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta
http://wn.com/Israeli_president_Shimon_Peres_arrives_at_the_Pentagon
The Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon June 11 2012 Remarks by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta
- published: 12 Jun 2012
- views: 1613
- author: Natasha Mozgovaya
PC2012 - Sunday Opening Plenary - Speech: Israeli President Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:46
- Updated: 31 May 2012
AIPAC Policy Conference 2012
http://wn.com/PC2012_Sunday_Opening_Plenary_Speech_Israeli_President_Shimon_Peres
President Shimon Peres Interview on TVE (Spanish) - Part 1 - 21 Feb 2011.avi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:36
- Updated: 22 Jun 2012
President Shimon Peres is interviewed by TVE, Spanish Television in his Jerusalem office one day before his official visit to Spain. The President will be in Spain from 21 - 24 February. This interview, which is translated into Spanish, is the first part of three and was broadcast today.
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres_Interview_on_TVE_Spanish_Part_1_21_Feb_2011avi
President Shimon Peres is interviewed by TVE, Spanish Television in his Jerusalem office one day before his official visit to Spain. The President will be in Spain from 21 - 24 February. This interview, which is translated into Spanish, is the first part of three and was broadcast today.
- published: 21 Feb 2011
- views: 2415
- author: Peres
President Shimon Peres: Iran in "Open War" with Israel/Syria Chemical Weapons a Threat to Israel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:55
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
security.blogs.cnn.com www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres_Iran_in_Open_War_with_Israel_Syria_Chemical_Weapons_a_Threat_to_Israel
security.blogs.cnn.com www.youtube.com
- published: 24 Jul 2012
- views: 1521
- author: ADRENALINEJUNKY -Jason Hendricks
President Shimon Peres - Be My Friend For Peace (Noy Alooshe Remix Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
הפקה: בית הנשיא Production : Office of The President of Israel קריאייטיב ויזום דיגיטל: רון שלי וגולן בר שלום מגהפון Creative and Digital : by Megaphone Ron Shely and golan Bar Shalom לחן וקריאייטיב: נוי אלוש...
http://wn.com/President_Shimon_Peres_Be_My_Friend_For_Peace_Noy_Alooshe_Remix_Video
הפקה: בית הנשיא Production : Office of The President of Israel קריאייטיב ויזום דיגיטל: רון שלי וגולן בר שלום מגהפון Creative and Digital : by Megaphone Ron Shely and golan Bar Shalom לחן וקריאייטיב: נוי אלוש...
- published: 06 Mar 2012
- views: 368823
- author: Peres
Israeli President Shimon Peres' Speech at Dreamworks 2012-3-9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Updated: 17 Aug 2012
The Israeli President Mr. Shimon Peres, met with Dreamworks' leaders and gave a speech in front of 8000 staff members of the company Read the full story: www.abbanibi.com
http://wn.com/Israeli_President_Shimon_Peres'_Speech_at_Dreamworks_2012-3-9
The Israeli President Mr. Shimon Peres, met with Dreamworks' leaders and gave a speech in front of 8000 staff members of the company Read the full story: www.abbanibi.com
- published: 09 Mar 2012
- views: 1894
- author: abbanibiofficial
Talk to Jazeera - Shimon Peres - 27 Sep 08 - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:24
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Shimon Peres, the Israeli president, talks to Al Jazeera's Ghida Fakhry, in New York, where he has been attending the United Nations General Assembly. Peres talks about Israel's stance relating to Iran's nuclear ambitions and his country's willingness to leave Shebaa Farms if Hezbollah disarms. Ghida Fakhry asks him about his country's alleged strike against Syrian nuclear facilities and Tzipi Livni's chances of forming a coalition government and becoming prime minister. The Israeli President also talks about the Middle East peace process and the prospect of signing a deal before US President George Bush leaves office, and also peace talks with Syria that are being mediated by Turkey.
http://wn.com/Talk_to_Jazeera_Shimon_Peres_27_Sep_08_Part_1
Shimon Peres, the Israeli president, talks to Al Jazeera's Ghida Fakhry, in New York, where he has been attending the United Nations General Assembly. Peres talks about Israel's stance relating to Iran's nuclear ambitions and his country's willingness to leave Shebaa Farms if Hezbollah disarms. Ghida Fakhry asks him about his country's alleged strike against Syrian nuclear facilities and Tzipi Livni's chances of forming a coalition government and becoming prime minister. The Israeli President also talks about the Middle East peace process and the prospect of signing a deal before US President George Bush leaves office, and also peace talks with Syria that are being mediated by Turkey.
- published: 27 Sep 2008
- views: 33351
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
UJA Federation's Special Evening with President Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:20
- Updated: 11 May 2012
A Special Evening with President Peres, an event, organized by UJA Federation of Greater Toronto, saw a capacity crowd of over 3000 enthusiastic Peres supporters fill Toronto's Sony Centre for the Performing Arts for what was just that, a special evening. After an emotional and compelling address by Master of Ceremonies Robert Lantos, the celebrated Canadian Producer behind such blockbusters as Barney's Version and Eastern Promises, Toronto's own David Frum, a CNN contributor, journalist, author, and political advisor joined President Peres onstage for what could best be described as a "fireside chat" - sans the fire.
http://wn.com/UJA_Federation's_Special_Evening_with_President_Shimon_Peres
A Special Evening with President Peres, an event, organized by UJA Federation of Greater Toronto, saw a capacity crowd of over 3000 enthusiastic Peres supporters fill Toronto's Sony Centre for the Performing Arts for what was just that, a special evening. After an emotional and compelling address by Master of Ceremonies Robert Lantos, the celebrated Canadian Producer behind such blockbusters as Barney's Version and Eastern Promises, Toronto's own David Frum, a CNN contributor, journalist, author, and political advisor joined President Peres onstage for what could best be described as a "fireside chat" - sans the fire.
- published: 11 May 2012
- views: 1785
- author: UJAFederation
Shimon Peres - Interview with Dateline Part 2/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 19 May 2012
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 1: www.youtube.com news.sbs.com.au
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_Interview_with_Dateline_Part_2_2
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 1: www.youtube.com news.sbs.com.au
- published: 10 Feb 2009
- views: 902
- author: Intervene
Turkish PM Erdogan Slams Shimon Peres For Israeli Killings And Walks Off Stage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
With English Translation Fair Use Policy, Source: World Economic Forum The Turkish prime minister, Mr. Erdogan, stormed out of a heated debate at the World Economic Forum in Davos after slamming the position of Israeli President, Mr. Shimon Peres, over Israel's offensive in the Gaza Strip. Recep Tayyip Erdogan walked out of the televised debate on Thursday, after the moderator refused to allow him to rebut the Israeli president's justification about the war that left about 1300 Gazans dead. Before storming out, Erdogan told Shimon Peres, the Israeli president: "You are killing people." Peres told Erdogan during the heated panel discussion that he would have acted in the same manner if rockets had been falling on Istanbul. Moderator David Ignatius, a Washington Post columnist, then told Erdogan that he had "only a minute" to respond to a lengthy monologe by Pires. Erdogan said: "I find it very sad that people applaud what you said. There have been many people killed. And I think that it is very wrong and it is not humanitarian." Ignatius twice attempted to finish the debate, saying, "We really do need to get people to dinner." Erdogan then said: "Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I don't think I will come back to Davos after this."
http://wn.com/Turkish_PM_Erdogan_Slams_Shimon_Peres_For_Israeli_Killings_And_Walks_Off_Stage
With English Translation Fair Use Policy, Source: World Economic Forum The Turkish prime minister, Mr. Erdogan, stormed out of a heated debate at the World Economic Forum in Davos after slamming the position of Israeli President, Mr. Shimon Peres, over Israel's offensive in the Gaza Strip. Recep Tayyip Erdogan walked out of the televised debate on Thursday, after the moderator refused to allow him to rebut the Israeli president's justification about the war that left about 1300 Gazans dead. Before storming out, Erdogan told Shimon Peres, the Israeli president: "You are killing people." Peres told Erdogan during the heated panel discussion that he would have acted in the same manner if rockets had been falling on Istanbul. Moderator David Ignatius, a Washington Post columnist, then told Erdogan that he had "only a minute" to respond to a lengthy monologe by Pires. Erdogan said: "I find it very sad that people applaud what you said. There have been many people killed. And I think that it is very wrong and it is not humanitarian." Ignatius twice attempted to finish the debate, saying, "We really do need to get people to dinner." Erdogan then said: "Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I don't think I will come back to Davos after this."
- published: 30 Jan 2009
- views: 829485
- author: mingoi313
COP 15 Speech by President Shimon Peres
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:43
- Updated: 29 Jun 2012
(Dec. 17, 2009) President Shimon Peres delievers his keynote address at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP 15). In his speech the President argues for setting aside political disputes with Israel's neighbors to make concrete progress on climate change: "I call upon our neighbors, even those with whom we have not yet reached diplomatic relations, to join hands. In an effort to save our region... Environmental collaboration should not stop the commitment to peace. On the contrary, it may encourage it. Copyright Government Press Office. All rights reserved.
http://wn.com/COP_15_Speech_by_President_Shimon_Peres
(Dec. 17, 2009) President Shimon Peres delievers his keynote address at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP 15). In his speech the President argues for setting aside political disputes with Israel's neighbors to make concrete progress on climate change: "I call upon our neighbors, even those with whom we have not yet reached diplomatic relations, to join hands. In an effort to save our region... Environmental collaboration should not stop the commitment to peace. On the contrary, it may encourage it. Copyright Government Press Office. All rights reserved.
- published: 18 Dec 2009
- views: 4251
- author: Peres
Pastor Benny Hinn: Israeli President Shimon P. Interview 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Benny Hinn Talks to the President of Israel Shimon Peres about current issues such as Iran and other important issues facing Israel in this day and age.
http://wn.com/Pastor_Benny_Hinn_Israeli_President_Shimon_P_Interview_1_2
Benny Hinn Talks to the President of Israel Shimon Peres about current issues such as Iran and other important issues facing Israel in this day and age.
- published: 03 Oct 2008
- views: 11844
- author: Exodusot
Shimon Peres on the Middle East
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
interview with Shimon Peres Dec 2006 on Baker-Hamilton report, Mideast
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_on_the_Middle_East
interview with Shimon Peres Dec 2006 on Baker-Hamilton report, Mideast
- published: 09 Dec 2006
- views: 7260
- author: snisstube
Shimon Peres at Oxford University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:35
- Updated: 19 May 2012
Shimon Peres at Oxford University
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres_at_Oxford_University
47:36
The Frost Interview - Shimon Peres: 'Self-victimising Palestinians'
In an exclusive interview with Sir David Frost, Israel's president questions his governmen...
published: 29 Dec 2012
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
The Frost Interview - Shimon Peres: 'Self-victimising Palestinians'
In an exclusive interview with Sir David Frost, Israel's president questions his government's position on settlements, pours scorn on accusations of a plot to kill Yasser Arafat and insists Palestinians are victims of their own mistakes.
- published: 29 Dec 2012
- views: 3320
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
10:01
Shimon Peres - Interview with Dateline Part 1/2
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 2: www.youtube.com news.sb...
published: 10 Feb 2009
author: Intervene
Shimon Peres - Interview with Dateline Part 1/2
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 2: www.youtube.com news.sbs.com.au
- published: 10 Feb 2009
- views: 1937
- author: Intervene
56:26
A Historic Evening with Shimon Peres - Interview with Campbell Brown
Shimon Peres in conversation with journalist Campbell Brown...
published: 13 Mar 2012
author: LAJFed
A Historic Evening with Shimon Peres - Interview with Campbell Brown
Shimon Peres in conversation with journalist Campbell Brown
- published: 13 Mar 2012
- views: 3363
- author: LAJFed
4:36
BBC Persian Interview with President Shimon Peres
(Nov. 2009) President Peres discusses the Middle East in an interview with BBC Persian, th...
published: 08 Dec 2009
author: Peres
BBC Persian Interview with President Shimon Peres
(Nov. 2009) President Peres discusses the Middle East in an interview with BBC Persian, the most-viewed independent channel in Iran. Copyright BBC Persian. All rights reserved.
- published: 08 Dec 2009
- views: 14262
- author: Peres
13:13
Frost over the World-Israel special:Shimon Peres-9May08
As Israelis celebrate the 60th anniversary of the creation of their state, Sir David Frost...
published: 10 May 2008
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Frost over the World-Israel special:Shimon Peres-9May08
As Israelis celebrate the 60th anniversary of the creation of their state, Sir David Frost looks back at the events of 1948 and the ongoing Palestinian/Israeli conflict. He talks to some of the key players in the region - in this part of the show to Shimon Peres, the Israeli president.
- published: 10 May 2008
- views: 15312
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
23:23
BBC HARDtalk - Shimon Peres - President of Israel (22/11/12)
HARDtalk travels to Jerusalem to speak with Israel's President, Shimon Peres. The last wee...
published: 23 Nov 2012
author: BBCHardTALK24
BBC HARDtalk - Shimon Peres - President of Israel (22/11/12)
HARDtalk travels to Jerusalem to speak with Israel's President, Shimon Peres. The last week has been dominated by renewed confrontation between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. Sustained exchanges of fire have caused hundreds of casualties - most of them Palestinian. But the basic dynamic of the Israeli / Palestinian conflict appears unchanged. In a region that has been destabilised by the Arab uprisings, are Israel's leaders making wise strategic choices? Credits Interviewed Guest - Shimon Peres Presenter - Stephen Sackur www.bbc.co.uk
- published: 23 Nov 2012
- views: 2781
- author: BBCHardTALK24
5:59
10 Questions for Shimon Peres
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about peace, Iran as a nuclear threat and why Israel ...
published: 27 Mar 2012
author: TimeMagazine
10 Questions for Shimon Peres
Israeli President Shimon Peres talks about peace, Iran as a nuclear threat and why Israel is the most dramatic country in the world
- published: 27 Mar 2012
- views: 1864
- author: TimeMagazine
5:28
President Shimon Peres and Prime Minister Netanyahu's Meeting - Operation Pillar of Defense
Video: GPO...
published: 16 Nov 2012
author: IsraeliPM
President Shimon Peres and Prime Minister Netanyahu's Meeting - Operation Pillar of Defense
Video: GPO
- published: 16 Nov 2012
- views: 9530
- author: IsraeliPM
31:09
President Obama Awards Shimon Peres the Presidential Medal of Freedom
President Obama awards President Shimon Peres of Israel the Presidential Medal of Freedom ...
published: 14 Jun 2012
author: whitehouse
President Obama Awards Shimon Peres the Presidential Medal of Freedom
President Obama awards President Shimon Peres of Israel the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a dinner at the White House in the East Room. An ardent advocate for Israel's security and for peace, Shimon Peres was elected the ninth President of Israel in 2007. Through his life and work, he has strengthened the unbreakable bonds between Israel and the United States.
- published: 14 Jun 2012
- views: 12190
- author: whitehouse
4:28
Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon
The Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon June 11 2012 Remarks by Secreta...
published: 12 Jun 2012
author: Natasha Mozgovaya
Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon
The Israeli president Shimon Peres arrives at the Pentagon June 11 2012 Remarks by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta
- published: 12 Jun 2012
- views: 1613
- author: Natasha Mozgovaya
20:46
PC2012 - Sunday Opening Plenary - Speech: Israeli President Shimon Peres
AIPAC Policy Conference 2012...
published: 04 Mar 2012
author: AIPACPC
PC2012 - Sunday Opening Plenary - Speech: Israeli President Shimon Peres
AIPAC Policy Conference 2012
- published: 04 Mar 2012
- views: 7388
- author: AIPACPC
10:36
President Shimon Peres Interview on TVE (Spanish) - Part 1 - 21 Feb 2011.avi
President Shimon Peres is interviewed by TVE, Spanish Television in his Jerusalem office o...
published: 21 Feb 2011
author: Peres
President Shimon Peres Interview on TVE (Spanish) - Part 1 - 21 Feb 2011.avi
President Shimon Peres is interviewed by TVE, Spanish Television in his Jerusalem office one day before his official visit to Spain. The President will be in Spain from 21 - 24 February. This interview, which is translated into Spanish, is the first part of three and was broadcast today.
- published: 21 Feb 2011
- views: 2415
- author: Peres
5:55
President Shimon Peres: Iran in "Open War" with Israel/Syria Chemical Weapons a Threat to Israel
security.blogs.cnn.com www.youtube.com...
published: 24 Jul 2012
author: ADRENALINEJUNKY -Jason Hendricks
President Shimon Peres: Iran in "Open War" with Israel/Syria Chemical Weapons a Threat to Israel
security.blogs.cnn.com www.youtube.com
- published: 24 Jul 2012
- views: 1521
- author: ADRENALINEJUNKY -Jason Hendricks
2:31
President Shimon Peres - Be My Friend For Peace (Noy Alooshe Remix Video)
הפקה: בית הנשיא Production : Office of The President of Israel קריאייטיב ויזום דיגיטל: רון...
published: 06 Mar 2012
author: Peres
President Shimon Peres - Be My Friend For Peace (Noy Alooshe Remix Video)
הפקה: בית הנשיא Production : Office of The President of Israel קריאייטיב ויזום דיגיטל: רון שלי וגולן בר שלום מגהפון Creative and Digital : by Megaphone Ron Shely and golan Bar Shalom לחן וקריאייטיב: נוי אלוש...
- published: 06 Mar 2012
- views: 368823
- author: Peres
Vimeo results:
18:21
Israeli President Shimon Peres
published: 08 Jan 2009
author: Twaggies
Israeli President Shimon Peres
1:25
Ben-Gurion by Shimon Peres
Coming October 25, 2011
For more info, visit www.nextbookpress.com
David Ben-Gurion was...
published: 12 Jul 2011
author: Tablet Magazine
Ben-Gurion by Shimon Peres
Coming October 25, 2011
For more info, visit www.nextbookpress.com
David Ben-Gurion was a mythic figure, a founding father of Israel, and the country's first prime minister, but he was also a real man, brimming with human contradictions, who was observed in all his complexity by Shimon Peres. Peres was a young man when he became a protégé of Ben-Gurion's in the 1940s and he remained closely connected to him until his death in 1973. He combines personal recollection and a deep sense of history, politics, and culture in his biography of David Ben-Gurion. Peres's extraordinary biography, written with David Landau, former editor-in-chief of Haaretz, is not a memoir, but it is inevitably shaped by Peres's time with "the old man," as Ben-Gurion was known by those around him. It offers an intimate look at history -- the creation of the State of Israel, its fateful wars, and the decisions, many of them controversial, that determined its future course. Peres, currently the president of Israel, has thought a great deal about the sort of leader Ben-Gurion was: visionary and pragmatic, steeped in old world yiddishkeit and yet forward looking and unsentimental in the extreme. A leader able to break the taboo of accepting reparations from Germany. A leader who, for all his prophetic foresight, was capable of granting Orthodox Israelis an exemption from Israel's army on the mistaken assumption that the time of the very religious was over. Peres's Ben-Gurion emerges as a flawed but great leader, Israel's Washington and Jefferson combined, and in some sense its Lincoln, too, for the War of Independence in 1948 brought with it a danger of civil war. Ben-Gurion is, for Peres, an emblem not only of the energy that created the state of Israel but of the sort of leadership that the country desperately needs today as it faces unparalleled threats from without -- and within.
22:36
Entrevista con Shimon Peres
Entrevista co presidente de Israel, Shimon Peres emitida o 15 de xaneiro de 2012...
published: 16 Jan 2012
author: Galicia Israel
Entrevista con Shimon Peres
Entrevista co presidente de Israel, Shimon Peres emitida o 15 de xaneiro de 2012
22:36
Entrevista a Shimon Peres
Una de las pocas entrevistas que el presidente israelí brindó en español, fue emitida este...
published: 15 Jan 2012
author: Noticias de Israel
Entrevista a Shimon Peres
Una de las pocas entrevistas que el presidente israelí brindó en español, fue emitida este domingo 15 de Enero de 2012.
En ella, el mandatario habló sobre Latinoamérica, Irán, Siria, Egipto e Israel.
Youtube results:
8:18
Israeli President Shimon Peres' Speech at Dreamworks 2012-3-9
The Israeli President Mr. Shimon Peres, met with Dreamworks' leaders and gave a speech in ...
published: 09 Mar 2012
author: abbanibiofficial
Israeli President Shimon Peres' Speech at Dreamworks 2012-3-9
The Israeli President Mr. Shimon Peres, met with Dreamworks' leaders and gave a speech in front of 8000 staff members of the company Read the full story: www.abbanibi.com
- published: 09 Mar 2012
- views: 1894
- author: abbanibiofficial
12:24
Talk to Jazeera - Shimon Peres - 27 Sep 08 - Part 1
Shimon Peres, the Israeli president, talks to Al Jazeera's Ghida Fakhry, in New York, wher...
published: 27 Sep 2008
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Talk to Jazeera - Shimon Peres - 27 Sep 08 - Part 1
Shimon Peres, the Israeli president, talks to Al Jazeera's Ghida Fakhry, in New York, where he has been attending the United Nations General Assembly. Peres talks about Israel's stance relating to Iran's nuclear ambitions and his country's willingness to leave Shebaa Farms if Hezbollah disarms. Ghida Fakhry asks him about his country's alleged strike against Syrian nuclear facilities and Tzipi Livni's chances of forming a coalition government and becoming prime minister. The Israeli President also talks about the Middle East peace process and the prospect of signing a deal before US President George Bush leaves office, and also peace talks with Syria that are being mediated by Turkey.
- published: 27 Sep 2008
- views: 33351
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
51:20
UJA Federation's Special Evening with President Shimon Peres
A Special Evening with President Peres, an event, organized by UJA Federation of Greater T...
published: 11 May 2012
author: UJAFederation
UJA Federation's Special Evening with President Shimon Peres
A Special Evening with President Peres, an event, organized by UJA Federation of Greater Toronto, saw a capacity crowd of over 3000 enthusiastic Peres supporters fill Toronto's Sony Centre for the Performing Arts for what was just that, a special evening. After an emotional and compelling address by Master of Ceremonies Robert Lantos, the celebrated Canadian Producer behind such blockbusters as Barney's Version and Eastern Promises, Toronto's own David Frum, a CNN contributor, journalist, author, and political advisor joined President Peres onstage for what could best be described as a "fireside chat" - sans the fire.
- published: 11 May 2012
- views: 1785
- author: UJAFederation
2:16
Shimon Peres - Interview with Dateline Part 2/2
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 1: www.youtube.com news.sb...
published: 10 Feb 2009
author: Intervene
Shimon Peres - Interview with Dateline Part 2/2
Shimon Peres Interviewed by Dateline Part 2 Aired 10/02/09 Part 1: www.youtube.com news.sbs.com.au
- published: 10 Feb 2009
- views: 902
- author: Intervene
photo: Creative Commons / Gage Skidmore
18 Jan 2013
Angelina Jolie likes being a sex symbol. The Oscar-winning actress is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful women and she enjoys being told she looks good as it's important to feel sexy ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)
photo: AP / Sergei Chuzavkov
19 Jan 2013
MOSCOW — The government of President Viktor F. Yanukovich of Ukraine said Friday that it planned to bring murder charges against his political rival, the jailed former prime minister, Yulia V. Tymoshenko, in connection with the 1996 assassination of a member of Parliament. Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... He said that Ms ... Ms ... Ms ... ... ....(size: 8.0Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. 1st Class Abram Pinnington
20 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON -- The war rages about cities with names such as Goa and Timbuktu, in a sparsely populated, mostly flat, dusty and landlocked country in northwest Africa. The combatants include a nomadic Berber people known as Tuareg, the French Foreign Legion and a coalition of al-Qaida affiliates who identify themselves with the Maghreb, the desert region of Northwestern Africa ... Some U.S ... Afghanistan ... J ... "They go to where the fight is ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: AP / Echorouk Elyaoumi
21 Jan 2013
Algerian security forces on Sunday made grisly discoveries of dozens of bodies at a sprawling natural gas facility, a day after a violent showdown put an end to an international hostage crisis. But as Algeria tallied up the losses, a debate was emerging about whether the militant group linked to al-Qaida that seized the plant had been intent on a massacre or whether it had simply been after money ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
photo: AP / SITE Intel Group
18 Jan 2013
He's known as Mr Marlboro because of his cigarette smuggling. The French intelligence service calls him "The Uncatchable".. The truth is Mokhtar Belmokhtar and his fellow North African Jihadists are rapidly emerging as Europe's most potent strategic threat.. Born in central Algeria in 1972 he grew obsessed with Jihadi ideology in his teens. At 19 he volunteered to fight alongside the mujahedeen in Afghanistan. ... "He is very cold ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)
Irish Times
21 Jan 2013
Mark Weiss ... President Shimon Peres will call upon the head of one of the parties, almost certainly Mr Netanyahu, to form the next government after hearing recommendations from leaders of all the parties that win seats in tomorrow’s vote. No serious discussion ... The attempts to persuade former prime minister Ehud Olmert, or even popular president Peres, to lead a centre-left bloc failed ... Multimillionaire ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
The Australian
21 Jan 2013
Rabbi Hillel Horowitz, from Hebron, said about a year ago the party would do "everything we can" to return settlers to evacuated settlements in the West Bank and Gaza ... Israel has a national proportional representation system and if the result is close as in 2009, President Shimon Peres will determine whether the right-wing bloc, led by Likud, or the centre-left bloc is more likely to form a stable government ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
Huffington Post
21 Jan 2013
ATLANTA -- The nation will honor civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. on Monday – the same day as it celebrates the inauguration of the first black president to his second term ... Situation Room ... President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama wave goodbye to President Shimon Peres of Israel on the North Portico of the White House following the Presidential Medal of Freedom ceremony and dinner in his honor, June 13, 2012....(size: 15.7Kb)
Huffington Post
21 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON -- As the sun rises on his second inaugural, President Obama is already a significant figure in American history. And he is poised to become a legend within the Democratic party ... So was Obama ... President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama wave goodbye to President Shimon Peres of Israel on the North Portico of the White House following the Presidential Medal of Freedom ceremony and dinner in his honor, June 13, 2012 ... ....(size: 26.7Kb)
Newstrack India
20 Jan 2013
Tweet. London, Jan. 20 (ANI) ... This comes in the run-up to Obama's inauguration on Monday and Netanyahu's anticipated victory in Tuesday's election ... The Israeli President Shimon Peres, who has voiced alarm at the rupture between the two leaders, was due to meet a delegation of US senators, led by Republican John McCain, in Jerusalem on Saturday night to discuss strengthening strategic relations between the two allies, the report said ... ) .....(size: 3.1Kb)
The Guardian
20 Jan 2013
Israeli prime minister's aides accused American president of interfering in Israel's elections. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at a campaign rally ... The Israeli president, Shimon Peres, who has voiced alarm at the rupture between the two leaders, was due to meet a delegation of US senators, led by Republican John McCain, in Jerusalem on Saturday night to discuss strengthening strategic relations between the two allies ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
The Times of India
19 Jan 2013
JERUSALEM ... Speaking at the beginning of a meeting with Israeli President Shimon Peres, McCain recalled his visit to a refugee camp in Jordan earlier that day, "to see the suffering of the Syrian people up close" ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
Standart News
18 Jan 2013
There is a lot of work to be done yet ... "I shall not comment any reports of the Israeli media ... According to Israeli television Channel 2, minister Mladenov arrived surprisingly to Israel on Thursday to assure Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu and President Shimon Peres about the progress in the investigation of the terrorist attack at Bourgas airport on July 18, 2012 when 5 Israeli tourists and a Bulgarian bus driver were killed ... DD. JJ. ....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Hindu
18 Jan 2013
“The days of bulldozers flattening settlements is behind us not in front of us,” he told the Ma’ariv daily ... Although Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... Mr. Netanyahu’s Likud-Beteinu faction is tipped to emerge from the January 22 elections as the strongest party in parliament, with around 35 of the 120 seats in the House, and he is the odds-on favourite to be given the nod by President Shimon Peres to form the next Israeli government....(size: 3.6Kb)
Al Jazeera
18 Jan 2013
The State of Israel is proclaimed amid civil war in British-administered Palestine. The new state finds itself at war with five Arab countries. Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt. Israel is admitted into the United Nations and signs armistice agreements with Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. ... Former director general of the ministry of defence, Shimon Peres, becomes prime minister after Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated. ... ... ....(size: 18.7Kb)
BBC News
18 Jan 2013
Here is a guide to the elections and some of the issues involved. Why are elections being held now?. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called early elections in October ... It depends who you ask ... In 2009, the centrist Kadima party narrowly defeated Benjamin Netanyahu's right-wing Likud party, but President Shimon Peres invited Mr Netanyahu to form a government because support from right-leaning parties gave him a majority....(size: 7.6Kb)
photo: AP / Gali Tibbon
18 Jan 2013
Netanyahu rejected US and European pressure to cease building in east Jerusalem and the West Bank Photo. EPA. 4.45PM GMT 18 Jan 2013 ... Mr Netanyhu acknowledged in a separate interview with the Jerusalem Post that he and President Barack Obama disagreed over how to reach peace but dismissed warnings – from, among others, the Israeli president, Shimon Peres – that his policies risked losing Israel the support of the US ... ....(size: 12.9Kb)
| Shimon Peres שמעון פרס |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| 9th President of Israel | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 15 July 2007 |
|
| Prime Minister | Ehud Olmert Benjamin Netanyahu |
| Preceded by | Moshe Katsav |
| Prime Minister of Israel | |
| In office 4 November 1995 – 18 June 1996 Acting: 4 November 1995 – 22 November 1995 |
|
| President | Ezer Weizman |
| Preceded by | Yitzhak Rabin |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Netanyahu |
| In office 13 September 1984 – 20 October 1986 |
|
| President | Chaim Herzog |
| Preceded by | Yitzhak Shamir |
| Succeeded by | Yitzhak Shamir |
| In office 22 April 1977 – 21 June 1977 Acting |
|
| President | Ephraim Katzir |
| Preceded by | Yitzhak Rabin |
| Succeeded by | Menachem Begin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Szymon Perski (1923-08-02) 2 August 1923 (age 88) Wiszniew, Poland (now Belarus) |
| Political party | Kadima (2005–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
Mapai (1959–1965) Rafi (1965–1968) Labor (1968–2005) |
| Spouse(s) | Sonya Gelman (1945–2011) |
| Children | Zvia Yoni Chemi |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Signature |  |
Shimon Peres (help·info) GCMG[1] (Hebrew: שמעון פרס, born Szymon Perski; 2 August 1923) is the ninth and current President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years.[2] Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and, except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, served continuously until 2007, when he became President.
He held several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after Israel's War of Independence. His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952, and Director-General in 1953 through 1959.[3] During his career, he has represented five political parties in the Knesset: Mapai, Rafi, the Alignment, Labor and Kadima, and has led Alignment and Labour. Peres won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the peace talks that he participated in as Israeli Foreign Minister, producing the Oslo Accords.[3]
Peres was nominated in early 2007 by Kadima to run in that year's presidential election, and was elected by the Knesset to the presidency on 13 June 2007 and sworn into office on 15 July 2007 for a seven-year term.[4][5] He is the first former Prime Minister to be elected President of Israel.
As an 88 year old, Peres is the world's oldest de jure head of state.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Shimon Peres was born Szymon Perski on 2 August 1923[6][7] in Wiszniewo, Poland (now Višnieva, Belarus), to Yitzhak (1896–1962) and Sara (b. 1905 née Meltzer) Perski.[3][8] The family spoke Hebrew, Yiddish and Russian at home, and Peres learned Polish at school. He now speaks English and French in addition to Hebrew.[9] His father was a lumber merchant, later branching out into other commodities while his mother was a librarian. Peres has a younger brother, Gershon,[10] and is a first cousin of American actress Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Persky).[11][12]
Peres' grandfather, Rabbi Zvi Meltzer, a grandson of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin, had a great impact on his life. In an interview, Peres said: "As a child, I grew up in my grandfather's home… I was educated by him… my grandfather taught me Talmud. It was not as easy as it sounds. My home was not an observant one. My parents were not Orthodox but I was Haredi. At one point, I heard my parents listening to the radio on the Sabbath and I smashed it."[13] All of Peres' relatives who remained in Wiszniewo in 1941 were murdered during the Holocaust,[14] many of them (including Rabbi Meltzer) burned alive in the town's synagogue.[15]
In 1932, Peres' father immigrated to Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv. The family followed him in 1934.[10] He attended Balfour Elementary School and High School, and Geula Gymnasium (High School for Commerce) in Tel Aviv. At 15, he transferred to Ben Shemen agricultural school and lived on Kibbutz Geva for several years.[10] Peres was one of the founders of Kibbutz Alumot. In 1941 he was elected Secretary of Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed, a Labor Zionist youth movement, and in 1944 returned to Alumot, where he worked as a dairy farmer, shepherd and kibbutz secretary.
In 1945, Peres married Sonya Gelman, who preferred to remain outside the public eye. They had three children. Sonya Peres was unable to attend Shimon's inauguration ceremony due to ill health.[16] She died on 20 January 2011, aged 87.[17]
In 2005, he was voted the 11th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.[18]
Military career[link]
In 1947, Peres joined the Haganah, the predecessor of the Israel Defense Forces. David Ben-Gurion made him responsible for personnel and arms purchases.
In 1952, he was appointed Deputy Director-General of the Ministry of Defense, and the following year, he became Director-General. At age 29, he was the youngest person to hold this position. He was involved in arms purchases and establishing strategic alliances that were important for the State of Israel. He was instrumental in establishing close relations with France, securing massive amounts of quality arms that, in turn, helped to tip the balance of power in the region.[19] Owing to Peres' mediation, Israel acquired the advanced Dassault Mirage III French jet fighter, established the Dimona nuclear reactor and entered into a tri-national agreement with France and the United Kingdom, positioning Israel in what would become the 1956 Suez Crisis.
Political career[link]
Peres was first elected to the Knesset in the 1959 elections, as a member of the Mapai party. He was given the role of Deputy Defense Minister, which he fulfilled until 1965. Peres and Moshe Dayan left Mapai with David Ben-Gurion to form a new party, Rafi, which reconciled with Mapai and joined the Alignment (a left-wing alliance) in 1968.
In 1969, Peres was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption and in 1970 became Minister of Transportation and Communications. In 1974, after a period as Information Minister, he was appointed Minister of Defense in the Yitzhak Rabin government, having been Rabin's chief rival for the post of Prime Minister after Golda Meir resigned in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War. During this time, Peres continued to challenge Rabin for the chairmanship of the party, but in 1977, he again lost to Rabin in the party elections.
Peres succeeded Rabin as party leader prior to the 1977 elections when Rabin stepped down in the wake of a foreign currency scandal involving his wife. As Rabin could not legally resign from the transition government, he officially remained Prime Minister, while Peres became the unofficial acting Prime Minister. Peres led the Alignment to its first ever electoral defeat, when Likud under Menachem Begin won sufficient seats to form a coalition that excluded the left. After only a month on top, Peres assumed the role of opposition leader. After turning back a comeback bid by Rabin in 1980 Peres led his party to another, narrower, loss in the 1981 elections. In 1984, the Alignment won more seats than any other party but failed to muster the majority of 61 mandates needed to form a left-wing coalition. Alignment and Likud agreed to an unusual "rotation" arrangement in which Peres would serve as Prime Minister and the Likud leader Yitzhak Shamir would be Foreign Minister. A highlight of this time in office was a trip to Morocco to confer with King Hassan II.
After two years, Peres and Shamir traded places. In 1986 he became foreign minister. In 1988, the Alignment led by Peres suffered another narrow defeat. He agreed to renew the coalition with the Likud, this time conceding the premiership to Shamir for the entire term. In the national unity government of 1988–90, Peres served as Vice Premier and Minister of Finance. He and the Alignment finally left the government in 1990, after "the dirty trick" – a failed bid to form a narrow government based on a coalition of the Alignment, small leftist factions and ultra-orthodox parties.
From 1990, Peres led the opposition in the Knesset, until, in early 1992, he was defeated in the first primary elections of the new Israeli Labor Party (which had been formed by the consolidation of the Alignment into a single unitary party) by Yitzhak Rabin, whom he had replaced fifteen years earlier. Peres remained active in politics, however, serving as Rabin's foreign minister from 1992. Secret negotiations with Yasser Arafat's PLO organization led to the Oslo Accords, which won Peres, Rabin and Arafat the Nobel Peace Prize. After Rabin's assassination in 1995, Peres served as Acting Prime Minister and Acting Defense Minister for seven months until the 1996 elections, during which he attempted to maintain the momentum of the peace process.[20]
During his term, Peres promoted the use of the Internet in Israel and created the first website of an Israeli prime minister. However, he was narrowly defeated by Benjamin Netanyahu in the first direct elections for Prime Minister in 1996. In 1997 he did not seek re-election as Labor Party leader and was replaced by Ehud Barak. Barak rebuffed Peres's attempt to secure the position of party president and upon forming a government in 1999 appointed Peres to the minor post of Minister of Regional Co-operation. Peres played little role in the Barak government.[citation needed]
In 2000 Peres ran for a seven-year term as Israel's President, a ceremonial head of state position, which usually authorizes the selection of Prime Minister. Had he won, as was expected, he would have been the first ex-Prime Minister to be elected President. He lost however, to Likud candidate Moshe Katsav.
Following Ehud Barak's defeat by Ariel Sharon in the 2001 direct election for Prime Minister, Peres made yet another comeback. He led Labor into a national unity government with Sharon's Likud and secured the post of Foreign Minister. The formal leadership of the party passed to Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, and in 2002 to Haifa mayor, Amram Mitzna. Peres was much criticized on the left for clinging to his position as Foreign Minister in a government that was not seen as advancing the peace process, despite his own dovish stance. He left office only when Labor resigned in advance of the 2003 elections. After the party under the leadership of Mitzna suffered a crushing defeat, Peres again emerged as interim leader. He led the party into coalition with Sharon once more at the end of 2004 when the latter's support of "disengagement" from Gaza presented a diplomatic program Labor could support.
Peres won the chairmanship of the Labor Party in 2005, in advance of the 2006 elections. As party leader, Peres favored pushing off the elections for as long as possible. He claimed that an early election would jeopardize both the September 2005 Gaza withdrawal plan and the standing of the party in a national unity government with Sharon. However, the majority pushed for an earlier date, as younger members of the party, among them Ophir Pines-Paz and Isaac Herzog, overtook established leaders like Binyamin Ben-Eliezer and Haim Ramon, in the party ballot to divide up government portfolios. Peres continually led in the polls, defying predictions that rivals would overtake him. Peres lost the leadership election with 40% to Peretz's 42.4%.[21]
| “ | Optimists and pessimists die the same way. They just live differently. I prefer to live as an optimist. | ” |
|
—Shimon Peres, 2005[22] |
||
On 30 November 2005 Peres announced that he was leaving the Labor Party to support Ariel Sharon and his new Kadima party. In the immediate aftermath of Sharon's debilitating stroke there was speculation that Peres might take over as leader of the party but most senior Kadima leaders, however, were former members of Likud and indicated their support for Ehud Olmert as Sharon's successor.[23]
Labor reportedly tried to woo Peres back to the fold.[24] Peres announced, however, that he supported Olmert and would remain with Kadima. Peres had previously announced his intention not to run in the March elections. Following Kadima's win in the election, Peres was given the role of Vice Prime Minister and Minister for the Development of the Negev, Galilee and Regional Economy.
Presidency[link]
Main article: Presidency of Shimon Peres
On 13 June 2007, Peres was elected President of the State of Israel by the Knesset. 58 of 120 members of the Knesset voted for him in the first round (whereas 38 voted for Reuven Rivlin, and 21 for Colette Avital). His opponents then backed Peres in the second round and 86 members of the Knesset voted in his favor,[25] while 23 objected. He resigned from his role as a Member of the Knesset the same day, having been a member since November 1959 (except for a three month period in early 2006), the longest serving in Israeli political history. Peres was sworn in as President on 15 July 2007.[5]
In November 2008, Peres received an honorary knighthood, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George from Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace in London.[26]
Political views[link]
Peres was once considered a "hawk".[27] He was a protégé of Ben-Gurion and Dayan and an early supporter of the West Bank settlers during the 1970s. However, after becoming the leader of his party his stance evolved. More recently he has been seen as a dove, and a strong supporter of peace through economic cooperation. While still opposed, like all mainstream Israeli leaders in the 1970s and early 1980s, to talks with the PLO, he distanced himself from settlers and spoke of the need for "territorial compromise" over the West Bank and Gaza. For a time he hoped that King Hussein of Jordan could be Israel's Arab negotiating partner rather than Yasser Arafat. Peres met secretly with Hussein in London in 1987 and reached a framework agreement with him, but this was rejected by Israel's then Prime Minister, Yitzhak Shamir. Shortly afterward the First Intifada erupted, and whatever plausibility King Hussein had as a potential Israeli partner in resolving the fate of the West Bank evaporated. Subsequently, Peres gradually moved closer to support for talks with the PLO, although he avoided making an outright commitment to this policy until 1993.
Peres was perhaps more closely associated with the Oslo Accords than any other Israeli politician (Rabin included) with the possible exception of his own protégé, Yossi Beilin. He has remained an adamant supporter of the Oslo Accords and the Palestinian Authority since their inception despite the First Intifada and the al-Aqsa Intifada (Second Intifada). However, Peres supported Ariel Sharon's military policy of operating the Israeli Defence Forces to thwart suicide bombings.
Peres' foreign policy outlook is markedly realist. To placate Turkey,[citation needed] Peres allegedly downplayed the Armenian genocide.[28] Peres stated: "We reject attempts to create a similarity between the Holocaust and the Armenian allegations. Nothing similar to the Holocaust occurred. It is a tragedy what the Armenians went through but not a genocide."[29][30][31] Although Peres himself did not retract the statement, the Israeli Foreign Ministry later issued a cable to its missions which stated that the "The minister absolutely did not say, as the Turkish news agency alleged, “What the Armenians underwent was a tragedy, not a genocide"".[28] However, according to Armenian news agencies, the statement released by the Israeli Consulate in Los Angeles did not include any mention that Peres hadn't said that the events were not genocide.[28]
On the issue of the nuclear program of Iran and the existential threat this poses for Israel, Peres stated, "I am not in favor of a military attack on Iran, but we must quickly and decisively establish a strong, aggressive coalition of nations that will impose painful economic sanctions on Iran", adding "Iran's efforts to achieve nuclear weapons should keep the entire world from sleeping soundly." In the same speech, Peres compared Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his call to "wipe Israel off the map" to the genocidal threats to European Jewry made by Adolf Hitler in the years prior to the Holocaust.[32] In an interview with Army Radio on 8 May 2006 he remarked that "the president of Iran should remember that Iran can also be wiped off the map".[33] Peres is a proponent of Middle East economic integration.[34]
Family[link]
In May 1945, Peres married Sonya Gelman, whom he had met in the Ben Shemen Youth Village, where her father served as a carpentry teacher. The couple married after Sonya finished her military service as a truck driver in the British Army during World War II. Through the years Sonya chose to stay away from the media and keep her privacy and the privacy of her family, despite her husband's extensive political career. With the election of Peres for president, Sonya Peres, who had not wanted her husband to accept the position, announced that she would stay in the couple's apartment in Tel Aviv and not join her husband in Jerusalem. The couple thereafter lived separately.[35] She died on 20 January 2011, aged 87, from heart failure at her apartment in Tel Aviv.
Shimon and Sonya Peres had three children:
- A daughter, Dr. Zvia ("Tsiki") Valdan, a linguist and professor at Beit Berl Academic College;
- An elder son, Yoni, director of Village Veterinary Center, a veterinary hospital on the campus of Kfar Hayarok Agricultural School near Tel Aviv. He specializes in the treatment of guide dogs;
- A younger son, Nehemia ("Chemi"), Co-founder/Managing General Partner of Pitango Venture Capital, one of Israel's largest venture capital funds.[36] Chemi Peres is a former helicopter pilot in the IAF.
Peres is the first cousin of American movie star Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Perske, 1924).
Books[link]
Shimon Peres is the author of 11 books, including:
- The Next Step (1965)
- David's Sling (1970) (ISBN 0-297-00083-7)
- And Now Tomorrow (1978)
- From These Men: seven founders of the State of Israel (1979) (ISBN 0-671-61016-3)
- Entebbe Diary (1991) (ISBN 965-248-111-4)
- The New Middle East (1993) (ISBN 0-8050-3323-8)
- Battling for Peace: a memoir (1995) (ISBN 0-679-43617-0)
- For the Future of Israel (1998) (ISBN 0-8018-5928-X)
- The Imaginary Voyage: With Theodor Herzl in Israel (1999) (ISBN 1-55970-468-3)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- ^ Amiram Barkat. "Presidency rounds off 66-year career". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/870789.html.
- ^ a b c Tore Frangsmyr, ed. (1995). "Shimon Peres, The Nobel Peace Prize 1994". The Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/peres-bio.html.
- ^ "Peres elected President". The Jerusalem Post. 12 June 2007. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1181570258432&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ a b Jim Teeple, "Shimon Peres Sworn In as Israel's President", VOA News, 15 July 2007.
- ^ "Shimon Peres". The Knesset's internet site. http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=104. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ "Shimon Peres". Prime Minister of Israel's internet site. http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/History/FormerPrimeMinister/ShimonPeres.htm. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ Location of Wiszniew on the map of the Second Polish Republic in the years 1921–1939, www.jewishinstitute.org.pl
- ^ "Knesset Member, Shimon Peres". Knesset. http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=104. Retrieved 13 February 2008.
- ^ a b c "Shimon Peres Biography". Academy of Achievement. 13 February 2008. http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/per0bio-1.
- ^ "Peres: Not such a bad record after all". The Jerusalem Post. 12 November 2005. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1131367066952&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. Retrieved 31 May 2007.
- ^ Hitchens, Christopher (11 May 2009). "President of Which Israel?". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/2218002. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
- ^ Judy L. Beckham (2 August 2003). "Shimon Peres, 1994 Nobel Peace Prize". Israel-Times. http://www.israel-times.com/news/2003/08/shimon-peres-1994-nobel-peace-prize-1869.
- ^ "Peres to German MPs: Hunt down remaining Nazi war criminals". Haaretz. 27 January 2010. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1145452.html. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
- ^ Address by Peres to German Bundestag
- ^ "Sonia Peres regains consciousness". Ynetnews. 25 May 2007. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3404483,00.html. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
- ^ "Sonia Peres, wife of President Shimon Peres, dies at 87". Haaretz. 20 January 2011. http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/sonia-peres-wife-of-president-shimon-peres-dies-at-87-1.338122. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ^ גיא בניוביץ' (20 June 1995). "הישראלי מספר 1: יצחק רבין – תרבות ובידור". Ynet. http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3083171,00.html. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ Ziv, Guy. "Shimon Peres and the French-Israeli Alliance, 1954–9". Journal of Contemporary History 45 (2): 406–429. DOI:10.1177/0022009409356915.
- ^ http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.com/jsource/biograhphy/peres.html
- ^ "Israel Labour head to meet Sharon". BBC News. 10 November 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4423676.stm. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ "Serving 60 Years to Life". Newsweek Europe. 12 December 2005.
- ^ Verter, Yossi (6 January 2006). "Under Peres, Kadima would win 42 seats; under Olmert – 40". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 13 January 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060113043619/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/667051.html. Retrieved 21 July 2007.
- ^ "Shimon Peres calls on his supporters to vote Kadima". Haaretz. 9 January 2006. Archived from the original on 13 January 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060113042519/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/667313.html. Retrieved 21 July 2007.
- ^ "Peres elected Israel's president". BBC News. 13 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6747517.stm. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ "Shimon Peres: State president, Nobel laureate and now – knight". Haaretz. 23 November 2008. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1039485.html. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ "Shimon Peres: From Hawk to Dove". Vision.org. Winter 2000. http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=591. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ a b c Yair, Auron (2003). "Chapter 5 – The Armenian Genocide’s Recognition by States: The Israeli Aspect". The Banality of Denial: Israel and the Armenian Genocide (1st ed.). New Brunswick (U.S.A.): Transaction Publishers. pp. 127. ISBN 0-7658-0191-4.
- ^ "Peres stands accused over denial of 'meaningless' Armenian Holocaust", by Robert Fisk
- ^ "Protest [against] Israeli foreign minister's remarks dismissing Armenian genocide as 'meaningless'"
- ^ "Peres to Turks: 'Our stance on Armenian issue hasn't changed'"
- ^ Pfeffer, Anshel. "Peres: 'Fight terror – reduce global dependence on oil'", Haaretz. 5 May 2008.
- ^ "Peres says that Iran 'can also be wiped off the map'", Dominican Today. 8 May 2006
- ^ Speech by Peres at Waterloo University, Canada
- ^ Jerusalem Post article on Sonya Gelman
- ^ "Not like other murderers", Haaretz, 5 November 2007
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shimon Peres |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Shimon Peres |
- Official Israeli Presidency website
- Shimon Peres Knesset website
- Official channel on YouTube
- Peres Center for Peace
- Biography at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- Lecture at NobelPrize.org
- Shimon Peres biography at the Jewish Virtual Library
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Shimon Peres on Charlie Rose
- Column archive at The Guardian
- Shimon Peres collected news and commentary at Ha'aretz
- Shimon Peres collected news and commentary at The Jerusalem Post
- Shimon Peres collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Works by or about Shimon Peres in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Shimon Peres at the Notable Names Database
- BBC – Sharon seals new Israel coalition
- Peres's metaphysical propensity to lose by Matthew Wagner, published in the Jerusalem Post, 10 November 2005.
- Former Labor Leader Shimon Peres Heading For Sharon's new party – recorded Report from IsraCast.
- Shimon Peres speaks at the Council on Foreign Relations about the Israel/Lebanon conflict on 31 July 2006
- Shimon Peres speaks at Cornell University – "A Conversation with Shimon Peres"
- "Presidency rounds off 66-year career" by Amiram Barkat, Haaretz
- President Peres' address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 24 September 2008
- Honorary doctorate of Law from King's College London
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Yitzhak Rabin |
Leader of the Alignment 1977–1992 |
Succeeded by Yitzhak Rabin |
| Leader of the Labor Party 1995–1996 |
Succeeded by Ehud Barak |
|
| Preceded by Amram Mitzna |
Leader of the Labor Party 2003–2005 |
Succeeded by Amir Peretz |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Yitzhak Rabin |
Prime Minister of Israel Acting 1977 |
Succeeded by Menachem Begin |
| Preceded by Yitzhak Shamir |
Prime Minister of Israel 1984–1986 |
Succeeded by Yitzhak Shamir |
| Preceded by Yitzhak Rabin |
Prime Minister of Israel 1995–1996 |
Succeeded by Benjamin Netanyahu |
| Preceded by Moshe Katsav |
President of Israel 2007–present |
Incumbent |
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.svg)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Peres, Shimon |
| Alternative names | Perske, Shimon (birth name); שִׁמְעוֹן פֶּרֶס (Hebrew) |
| Short description | Israeli politician |
| Date of birth | 2 August 1923 |
| Place of birth | Poland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Shimon Peres
http://cs.wn.com/Šimon Peres
http://es.wn.com/Shimon Peres
http://ru.wn.com/Перес, Шимон
http://nl.wn.com/Shimon Peres
http://id.wn.com/Shimon Peres
http://pl.wn.com/Szymon Peres
http://fr.wn.com/Shimon Peres
http://de.wn.com/Schimon Peres
http://hi.wn.com/शिमोन पेरेज़
http://pt.wn.com/Shimon Peres
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the Australian rules footballer, see Campbell Brown (footballer).
| Campbell Brown | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Alma Dale Campbell Brown (1968-06-14) June 14, 1968 (age 44) Ferriday, Louisiana, United States[1][2] |
| Education | Regis University |
| Occupation | Broadcast journalist |
| Notable credit(s) | Co-anchor of Weekend Today Anchor of CNN Election Center Anchor of Campbell Brown: No Bias, No Bull Anchor of Campbell Brown |
| Religion | raised Roman Catholic, converted to Judaism |
| Spouse | Dan Senor (2006 - present) |
| Children | Eli James Senor (b. December 18, 2007) Asher Liam Senor (b. April 6, 2009) |
| Awards | Emmy Award |
Campbell Brown (born June 14, 1968) is a former American television news reporter and anchor. She previously hosted an eponymous primetime show on CNN and was formerly co-anchor of NBC's Weekend Today. Brown won an Emmy as part of the NBC team reporting on Hurricane Katrina while with NBC.[3][4]
On May 18, 2010, Brown announced that she would be leaving CNN.[5]
Contents |
Early life and family[link]
Campbell Brown was born Alma Dale Campbell Brown on June 14, 1968 in Ferriday, Louisiana, the daughter of former Louisiana Democratic State Senator, Secretary of State, and Insurance Commissioner James H. "Jim" Brown Jr., and Brown's first wife, artist Dale Campbell Fairbanks.[1][2] According to Brown, "Alma Dale" was her grandmother's name, while "Campbell" was her mother's birth surname.[6]
Brown was raised Roman Catholic,[7] though her father is Presbyterian. She has two sisters.[8] She grew up in Ferriday, Louisiana and attended Trinity Episcopal Day School. She was also a cheerleader. She was expelled from the elite Madeira School for sneaking off campus to go to a party.[9] Brown attended Louisiana State University for two years before graduating from Regis University. After graduation, she spent a year teaching English in (former) Czechoslovakia.[10]
On April 2, 2006, Brown married Daniel Samuel Senor, formerly chief spokesperson for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.[8][11] Brown converted to Judaism, her husband's faith.[7][12] Brown was married briefly before, to a Washington real estate broker.[9]
On June 24, 2007, Brown announced on Weekend Today that she and her husband were expecting their first child.[13] On December 18, 2007, Brown gave birth to a son, Eli James Senor, named after his grandfather, James Senor.
On October 27, 2008, during a guest appearance on The Daily Show, Brown announced her second pregnancy.[14] On April 6, 2009, Brown gave birth to a second son, Asher Liam Senor. She returned from maternity leave on Monday, June 1.[15]
Career[link]
She began her career in local news reporting for KSNT-TV, the NBC affiliate in Topeka, Kansas, and then for WWBT-TV, the NBC affiliate in Richmond, Virginia, and also reported for WBAL-TV in Baltimore, Maryland, and WRC-TV in Washington, D.C. Brown joined NBC News in 1996. She was later assigned to The Pentagon and covered the war in Kosovo. Before Weekend Today, she was the White House correspondent for NBC News.
Presidential election coverage in 2000[link]
During the 2000 Presidential campaign, she covered George W. Bush as well as the Republican National Convention and Republican primary. She eventually became the primary substitute anchor for Brian Williams on NBC Nightly News. In March 2006, she was named as one of five women who might replace Katie Couric when she would leave The Today Show, but the vacancy was filled by Meredith Vieira.
Move to CNN[link]
See also: Campbell Brown (TV series)
Brown announced July 22, 2007, on Weekend Today, that she would be leaving NBC News after 11 years to devote time to her family and expected baby. CNN confirmed it had hired Brown, and that Brown would start work for CNN in February 2008 (originally November 2007), filling the spot previously held by Paula Zahn, who left the network in turn. Brown began anchoring CNN Election Center, which ran from February through October 2008.[16] The show was renamed Campbell Brown: No Bias, No Bull in October 2008, right before the election in order to ensure a smooth transition when the election was over. Roland Martin filled in as guest host in April and May 2009 while Brown took maternity leave. When she returned in June 2009, the show was renamed again to simply Campbell Brown.
Interviews during the 2008 election season[link]
On September 1, 2008, Brown conducted a controversial interview with Tucker Bounds, a spokesman for Republican Presidential candidate John McCain, concerning vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin. Brown questioned Palin's executive experience and asked for examples of decisions Palin had made as commander-in-chief of the Alaska National Guard. Bounds did not name an example, but stated that Palin had more executive experience than Democratic Presidential candidate Barack Obama. Brown accused Bounds of sidestepping with his answers and repeated some of the same questions. Brown asserted that Senator McCain had made a point of wanting a vice president with a lot of experience, including foreign policy experience, and that his selection of Palin seemed to abandon that principle. She asked Bounds to explain the decision on that basis. Bounds contended that Sen. McCain and Gov. Palin together had more executive experience than Senator Obama and Senator Joe Biden combined. Brown also asked if Palin should accept the Republican vice-presidential nomination given that her teenage daughter is pregnant out of wedlock. The McCain campaign later accused Brown of anti-Republican/McCain bias, alleging that she had "gone over the line." In response, the campaign canceled McCain's scheduled interview with Larry King, but later rescheduled it.[17]
Departure[link]
On May 18, 2010, Brown announced that she would be leaving CNN, after the network agreed to release her from her contract. She stated that poor ratings had been the primary reason for her departure.
- "I'm pretty sure the last time any anchor could honestly ignore ratings was well before I was born. Of course I pay attention to ratings. And simply put, the ratings for my program are not where I would like them to be. It is largely for this reason that I am stepping down as anchor of CNN's Campbell Brown."[5][18]
She went on to say:
- "The 8 p.m. hour in cable news world is currently driven by the indomitable Bill O’Reilly, Nancy Grace, and Keith Olbermann. Shedding my own journalistic skin to try to inhabit the kind of persona that might co-exist in that line-up is simply impossible for me. It is not who I am or who I want to be."[19]
Brown's last day at CNN was on July 21. Beginning on July 22, her 8:00 p.m. prime time slot was filled by a second hour of Rick Sanchez's Rick's List.[20] In October, the show Parker Spitzer debuted at the 8 p.m. time slot.
Other roles[link]
Brown is a Board Member at the International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF).[21]
In popular culture[link]
Brown has been parodied by actress/comedienne Tracey Ullman in her Showtime comedy series Tracey Ullman's State of the Union as well as by Kristen Wiig on Saturday Night Live.
References[link]
- ^ a b "Famous Ferridians". The Town of Ferriday. http://www.townofferriday.com/custom/webpage.cfm?content=content&id=71.
- ^ a b "Campbell Brown (II)". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1226428/. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
- ^ "Nominees for the News and Documentary Emmy Awards". National Television Academy. http://www.emmyonline.org/emmy/docu_27th_nominees.html.
- ^ "Dan Senor & Campbell Brown (profile)". Greater Talent Network Speakers Bureau. http://www.greatertalent.com/speakers/speakers.php?speakerid=667.
- ^ a b "US: Campbell Brown leaving CNN". The Spy Report (Media Spy). 19 May 2010. http://www.mediaspy.org/report/2010/05/19/us-campbell-brown-leaving-cnn/. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ Clehane, Diane (February 26, 2007). "So What Do You Do, Campbell Brown?". Mobile Media News. http://mediabistro.com/articles/cache/a9517.asp. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
- ^ a b http://www.babble.com/CNN-anchor-Campbell-Brown/index4.aspx
- ^ a b Brady, Lois Smith (April 9, 2006). "Weddings & Celebrations: Campbell Brown and Dan Senor". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/fashion/weddings/09vows.html?ex=1185508800&en=24a9da1217109c85&ei=5070. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ^ a b St. John, Warren (November 23, 2003). "A Potential Contender In a Post-Couric Derby". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/23/style/a-potential-contender-in-a-post-couric-derby.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ^ "Anchors & Reporters: Campbell Brown". CNN. Archived from the original on 2008-07-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080711232404/http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/brown.campbell.html. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (April 2, 2006). "NBC's Campbell Brown Gets Married". People (People.com). http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1179281,00.html.
- ^ "Power couple discusses politics, war and marriage". Cleveland Jewish News. October 25, 2007. http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2007/10/25/news/local/couple1026.txt.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (June 25, 2007). "NBC's Campbell Brown to Be a Mom". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20043649,00.html. Retrieved July 5, 2007.
- ^ http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/cnn/campbell_brown_pregnant_98688.asp
- ^ "Campbell Brown Welcomes Baby Asher Liam Senor". The Huffington Post. April 6, 2009. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/06/campbell-brown-welcomes-b_n_183767.html. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
- ^ "Campbell Brown Quietly Begins Her Tenure At CNN". StarPulse.com. March 31, 2008. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2008/03/31/campbell_brown_quietly_begins_her_tenure. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
- ^ Brown, Campbell (September 5, 2008). "Brown: Tucker Bounds interview becomes lightning rod". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/09/05/brown.bounds/.
- ^ "Campbell Brown Leaving CNN After Network Grants Release From Contract". Mediaite. 18 May 2010. http://www.mediaite.com/tv/campbell-brown-leaving-cnn-after-network-grants-release-from-contract/. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ "Campbell Brown to Leave CNN". The New York Times. May 18, 2010. http://www.mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/05/18/campbell-brown-to-leave-cnn/.
- ^ http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/cnn/rick_sanchez_ricks_list_moving_to_8_pm_167378.asp
- ^ IWMF website http://www.iwmf.org/staff.aspx
External links[link]
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Campbell Brown |
- Campbell Brown at MSNBC.com
- Campbell Brown at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Campbell Brown in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Campbell Brown collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- TVNewser confirmation of move to CNN
| Media offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Soledad O'Brien |
Weekend Today Co-Anchor with Lester Holt 2003 - July 22, 2007 |
Succeeded by Amy Robach (Saturday) Jenna Wolfe (Sunday) |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Brown, Campbell |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | June 14, 1968 |
| Place of birth | Ferriday, Louisiana, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Campbell_Brown
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Brown
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Noy Alooshe | |
|---|---|
[[File: |frameless|alt=|]] |
|
| Background information | |
| Origin | Tel Aviv, Israel |
| Genres | Hip hop, electronic dance |
| Occupations | Musician, journalist |
| Associated acts | Chovevei Tzion |
| Website | www.noy-a.com |
Noy Alooshe is a 31 year-old "Israeli journalist, musician and Internet buff"[citation needed] of Tunisian Jewish descent best known outside Israel for his Zenga Zenga spoof song on Muammar Gaddafi. He lives in Tel Aviv[1] and is a member of the Israeli techno group Chovevei Tzion ("Lovers of Zion"), best known for its hit song "Rotze Banot" ("I Want Girls"), a Hebrew remix of the Swedish dance song "Boten Anna."[2]
Alooshe said he is excited to "to be making waves in the Arab world as an Israeli"[1] but he is also a bit worried: "what if Gaddafi stays in power and comes looking for me?"[3]
As a result of his success from the video "Zenga Zenga", Alooshe shared that he is also now receiving many commercial offers: "These days are crazy because advertisers are calling me and wanting me to do productions for them; music companies want to sell the song on iTunes."[4] He has also received antisemitic death threats, though he said he is not too concerned since "at the moment they remain on the Internet."[5]
Apart from Zenga Zenga, his by far best known work, he also spoofed Benjamin Netanyahu's speech in front of the United States Congress to the tune of "We No Speak Americano" as "Bi Bi pro Americano".[6] He also wrote Dvir Bar's YouTube song, "Tzipi Livni Boy."[7]
References[link]
- ^ a b Isabel Kershner (28 February 2011). "Qaddafi YouTube Spoof by Israeli Gets Arab Fans". The New York Times: p. A10. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/28/world/middleeast/28youtube.html. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ^ Lahan Harkov (27 February 2011). "Israeli’s Gaddafi spoof strikes chord with Libyan rebels". The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=210038. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ^ Itamar Eichner (28 February 2011). "Zenga Zenga: From Tel Aviv to Tripoli". YNetNews. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4035148,00.html. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ^ Avigayil Kadesh (2 March 2011). "The Israeli behind ‘Zenga Zenga'". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Israeli_behind_Zenga_Zenga_2-Mar-2011.htm. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
- ^ "The Israeli behind Gadhafi YouTube spoof: Iranians have asked for revolution theme too". Haaretz. 3 March 2011. http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/israeli-behind-gadhafi-youtube-spoof-iranians-have-asked-for-revolution-theme-too-1.346879. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
- ^ www.haaretz.com/culture/watch-israeli-behind-gadhafi-spoof-song-lampoons-netanyahu-s-congress-speech-1.363999 Published 15:18 25.05.11 Latest update 15:18 25.05.11 WATCH: Israeli behind Gadhafi spoof song lampoons Netanyahu's Congress speech. By Haaretz Service
- ^ "The Israeli behind Gadhafi YouTube spoof: Iranians have asked for revolution theme too". Haaretz. 3 March 2011. http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/israeli-behind-gadhafi-youtube-spoof-iranians-have-asked-for-revolution-theme-too-1.346879. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Alooshe, Noy |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Musician |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This article about an Israeli musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Noy_Alooshe
Related pages:
http://pt.wn.com/Noy Alooshe
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noy_Alooshe
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Stephen Harper, see Stephen Harper (disambiguation).
See also: Premiership of Stephen Harper
| The Right Honourable Stephen Harper PC MP |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| 22nd Prime Minister of Canada | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office February 6, 2006 |
|
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Preceded by | Paul Martin |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office March 20, 2004 – February 6, 2006 |
|
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Paul Martin |
| Preceded by | Grant Hill (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Bill Graham (Acting) |
| In office May 21, 2002 – January 8, 2004 |
|
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Jean Chrétien Paul Martin |
| Preceded by | John Reynolds (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Grant Hill (Acting) |
| Member of the House of Commons of Canada |
|
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 28, 2002 |
|
| Preceded by | Preston Manning |
| Constituency | Calgary Southwest |
| In office October 25, 1993 – June 2, 1997 |
|
| Preceded by | James Hawkes |
| Succeeded by | Rob Anders |
| Constituency | Calgary West |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1959-04-30) April 30, 1959 (age 53) Toronto, Ontario |
| Political party | Conservative Party (2003–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
Liberal Party (Before 1985) Progressive Conservative Party (1985–1986) Reform Party (1987–1997) Canadian Alliance (2002–2003) |
| Spouse(s) | Laureen Teskey (m. 1993-present) |
| Children | Benjamin, Rachel |
| Residence | 24 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario (Official) Calgary, Alberta (Private) |
| Alma mater | University of Calgary |
| Profession | Economist[1] |
| Religion | Christian and Missionary Alliance |
| Language | English |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Official website |
Stephen Joseph Harper, PC MP (born April 30, 1959) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party. Harper became prime minister when his party formed a minority government after the 2006 federal election. He is the first prime minister from the newly reconstituted Conservative Party, following a merger of the Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance parties.
Harper has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Calgary Southwest in Alberta since 2002. Earlier, from 1993 to 1997, he was the MP for Calgary West. He was one of the founding members of the Reform Party, but did not seek re-election, and instead joined, and shortly thereafter led, the National Citizens Coalition.[2] In 2002, he succeeded Stockwell Day as leader of the Canadian Alliance (the successor to the Reform Party) and returned to parliament as Leader of the Opposition. In 2003, he reached an agreement with Progressive Conservative leader Peter MacKay for the merger of their two parties to form the Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected as the party's first non-interim leader in March 2004.
Harper's Conservative Party won a stronger minority in the October 2008 federal election, showing a small increase in the percentage of the popular vote and increased representation in the Canadian House of Commons, with 143 of 308 seats. The 40th Canadian Parliament was dissolved in March 2011, after a no-confidence vote that found the Cabinet in contempt of parliament was passed by the opposition parties.[3]
In the May 2011 federal election, Harper's Conservative Party won a majority government, the first since the 2000 federal election. The Party won 166 seats, an increase of 23 seats from the October 2008 election.
Early life[link]
Harper was born in Toronto, the first of three sons of Margaret (née Johnston) and Joseph Harris Harper, an accountant at Imperial Oil.[4] He attended Northlea Public School and, later, John G. Althouse Middle School and Richview Collegiate Institute, both in Central Etobicoke. He graduated in 1978, and was a member of Richview Collegiate's team on Reach for the Top, a television quiz show for Canadian high school students.[5] Harper then enrolled at the University of Toronto but dropped out after two months.[6] He then moved to Edmonton, Alberta, where he found work in the mail room at Imperial Oil.[6] Later, he advanced to work on the company's computer systems. He took up post-secondary studies again at the University of Calgary, where he completed a bachelor's degree in economics. He later returned there to earn a master's degree in economics, completed in 1993. Harper has kept strong links to the University of Calgary, and often lectured there. He is the most recent prime minister since Joe Clark without a law degree.
Political beginnings[link]
Harper became involved in politics as a member of his high school's Young Liberals Club.[7] He later changed his political allegiance because he disagreed with the National Energy Program (NEP) of Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government.[8] He became chief aide to Progressive Conservative MP Jim Hawkes in 1985, but later became disillusioned with both the party and the government of Brian Mulroney, especially the administration's fiscal policy[7] and its inability to fully revoke the NEP until 1986. He left the PC Party that same year.[9]
He was then recommended by the University of Calgary's economist Bob Mansell to Preston Manning, the founder and leader of the Reform Party of Canada. Manning invited him to participate in the party, and Harper gave a speech at Reform's 1987 founding convention in Winnipeg. He became the Reform Party's Chief Policy Officer, and he played a major role in drafting the 1988 election platform. He is credited with creating Reform's campaign slogan, "The West wants in!"[10]
Harper ran for the Canadian House of Commons in the 1988 federal election, appearing on the ballot as Steve Harper in Calgary West. He lost by a wide margin to Hawkes, his former employer. The Reform Party did not win any seats in this election, although party candidate Deborah Grey was elected as the party's first MP in a by-election shortly thereafter. Harper became Grey's executive assistant, and was her chief adviser and speechwriter until 1993.[11] He remained prominent in the Reform Party's national organization in his role as policy chief, encouraging the party to expand beyond its Western base and arguing that strictly regional parties were at risk of being taken over by radical elements.[12] He delivered a speech at the Reform Party's 1991 national convention, in which he condemned extremist views.[13]
Harper's relationship with Manning became strained in 1992, due to conflicting strategies over the Charlottetown Accord. Harper opposed the Accord on principle for ideological reasons, while Manning was initially more open to compromise. Harper also criticized Manning's decision to hire Rick Anderson as an adviser, believing that Anderson was not sufficiently committed to the Reform Party's principles.[14] He resigned as policy chief in October 1992.
Harper stood for office again in the 1993 federal election, and defeated Jim Hawkes amid a significant Reform breakthrough in Western Canada. His campaign likely benefited from a $50,000 print and television campaign organized by the National Citizens Coalition against Hawkes, although the NCC did not endorse Harper directly.[15]
Reform MP[link]
Harper emerged a prominent member of the Reform Party of Canada caucus. He was active on constitutional issues during his first term in Parliament, and played a prominent role in drafting the Reform Party's strategy for the 1995 Quebec referendum. A long-standing opponent of centralized federalism, he stood with Preston Manning in Montreal to introduce a twenty-point plan to "decentralize and modernize" Canada in the event of a "no" victory.[16] Harper later argued that the "no" side's narrow plurality was a worst-case scenario, in that no-one had won a mandate for change.[17]
Harper has expressed socially conservative views on some issues.[18] In 1994, he opposed plans by federal Justice Minister Allan Rock to introduce spousal benefits for same-sex couples. Citing the recent failure of a similar initiative in Ontario, he was quoted as saying, "What I hope they learn is not to get into it. There are more important social and economic issues, not to mention the unity question."[19] Harper also spoke against the possibility of the Canadian Human Rights Commission or the Supreme Court changing federal policy in these and other matters.[20]
At the Reform Party's 1994 policy convention, Harper was part of a small minority of delegates who voted against restricting the definition of marriage to "the union of one man and one woman".[21] He actually opposed both same-sex marriage and mandated benefits for same-sex couples, but argued that political parties should refrain from taking official positions on these and other "issues of conscience".[22]
Harper was the only Reform MP to support the creation of the Canadian Firearms Registry at second reading in 1995, although he later voted against it at third reading stage. He said at the time that he initially voted for the registry because of a poll showing that most of his constituents supported it, and added that he changed his vote when a second poll showed the opposite result. Some accused him of manipulating the second poll to achieve the result he wanted.[23] It was reported in April 1995 that some Progressive Conservatives opposed to Jean Charest's leadership wanted to remove both Charest and Manning, and unite the Reform and Progressive Conservative parties under Harper's leadership.[24]
Despite his prominent position in the party, Harper's relationship with the Reform Party leadership was frequently strained. In early 1994, he criticized a party decision to establish a personal expense account for Preston Manning at a time when other Reform MPs had been asked to forego parliamentary perquisites.[25] He was formally rebuked by the Reform executive council despite winning support from some MPs. His relationship with Manning grew increasingly fractious in the mid-1990s, and he pointedly declined to express any opinion on Manning's leadership during a 1996 interview.[26] This friction was indicative of a fundamental divide between the two men: Harper was strongly committed to conservative principles and opposed Manning's inclinations toward populism, which Harper saw as leading to compromise on core ideological matters.[27][not in citation given]
These tensions culminated in late 1996 when Harper announced that he would not be a candidate in the next federal election. He resigned his parliamentary seat on January 14, 1997, the same day that he was appointed as a vice-president of the National Citizens Coalition (NCC), a conservative think-tank and advocacy group.[28] He was promoted to NCC president later in the year.
In April 1997, Harper suggested that the Reform Party was drifting toward social conservatism and ignoring the principles of economic conservatism.[29] The Liberal Party lost seats but managed to retain a narrow majority government in the 1997 federal election, while Reform made only modest gains.
Out of Parliament[link]
1997–2000[link]
Soon after leaving Parliament, Harper and Tom Flanagan co-authored an opinion piece entitled "Our Benign Dictatorship", which argued that the Liberal Party only retained power through a dysfunctional political system and a divided opposition. Harper and Flanagan argued that national conservative governments between 1917 and 1993 were founded on temporary alliances between Western populists and Quebec nationalists, and were unable to govern because of their fundamental contradictions. The authors called for an alliance of Canada's conservative parties, and suggested that meaningful political change might require electoral reforms such as proportional representation. "Our Benign Dictatorship" also commended Conrad Black's purchase of the Southam newspaper chain, arguing that his stewardship would provide for a "pluralistic" editorial view to counter the "monolithically liberal and feminist" approach of the previous management.[30]
Harper remained active in constitutional issues. He was a prominent opponent of the Calgary Declaration on national unity in late 1997, describing it as an "appeasement strategy" against Quebec nationalism. He called for federalist politicians to reject this strategy, and approach future constitutional talks from the position that "Quebec separatists are the problem and they need to be fixed".[31] In late 1999, Harper called for the federal government to establish clear rules for any future Quebec referendum on sovereignty.[32] Some have identified Harper's views as an influence on the Chrétien government's Clarity Act.[33]
As National Citizens Coalition (NCC) leader, Harper launched an ultimately unsuccessful legal battle against federal election laws restricting third-party advertising.[34] He led the NCC in several campaigns against the Canadian Wheat Board,[35] and supported Finance Minister Paul Martin's 2000 tax cuts as a positive first step toward tax reform.[36]
In 1997, Harper delivered a controversial speech on Canadian identity to the Council for National Policy, a conservative American think tank. He made comments such as "Canada is a Northern European welfare state in the worst sense of the term, and very proud of it", "if you're like all Americans, you know almost nothing except for your own country. Which makes you probably knowledgeable about one more country than most Canadians", and "the NDP [New Democratic Party] is kind of proof that the Devil lives and interferes in the affairs of men."[37] These statements were made public and criticized during the 2006 election. Harper argued that the speech was intended as humour, and not as serious analysis.[38]
Harper considered campaigning for the Progressive Conservative Party leadership in 1998, after Jean Charest left federal politics. Among those encouraging his candidacy were senior aides to Ontario Premier Mike Harris, including Tony Clement and Tom Long.[39] He eventually decided against running, arguing that it would "burn bridges to those Reformers with whom I worked for many years" and prevent an alliance of right-wing parties from taking shape.[40] Harper was skeptical about the Reform Party's United Alternative initiative in 1999, arguing that it would serve to consolidate Manning's hold on the party leadership.[41] He also expressed concern that the UA would dilute Reform's ideological focus.[42]
2000–01[link]
When the United Alternative created the Canadian Alliance in 2000 as a successor party to Reform, Harper predicted that Stockwell Day would defeat Preston Manning for the new party's leadership. He expressed reservations about Day's abilities, however, and accused Day of "[making] adherence to his social views a litmus test to determine whether you're in the party or not".[43] Harper endorsed Tom Long for the leadership, arguing that Long was best suited to take support from the Progressive Conservative Party.[44] When Day placed first on the first ballot, Harper said that the Canadian Alliance was shifting "more towards being a party of the religious right".[45]
After the death of Pierre Trudeau in 2000, Harper wrote an editorial criticizing Trudeau's policies as they affected Western Canada. He wrote that Trudeau "embraced the fashionable causes of his time, with variable enthusiasm and differing results", but "took a pass" on the issues that "truly defined his century".[46] Harper subsequently accused Trudeau of promoting "unabashed socialism", and argued that Canadian governments between 1972 and 2002 had restricted economic growth through "state corporatism".[47]
After the Canadian Alliance's poor showing in the 2000 election, Harper joined with other Western conservatives in co-authoring a document called the "Alberta Agenda". The letter called on Alberta to reform publicly-funded health care, replace the Canada Pension Plan with a provincial plan and replace the Royal Canadian Mounted Police with a provincial police force. It became known as the "firewall letter", because it called on the provincial government to "build firewalls around Alberta" in order to stop the federal government from redistributing its wealth to less affluent regions.[48] Alberta Premier Ralph Klein agreed with some of the letter's recommendations, but distanced himself from the "firewall" comments.[49]
Harper also wrote an editorial in late 2000 arguing that Alberta and the rest of Canada were "embark[ing] on divergent and potentially hostile paths to defining their country". He said that Alberta had chosen the "best of Canada's heritage—a combination of American enterprise and individualism with the British traditions of order and co-operation" while Canada "appears content to become a second-tier socialistic country [...] led by a second-world strongman appropriately suited for the task". He also called for a "stronger and much more autonomous Alberta", while rejecting calls for separatism.[50] In the 2001 Alberta provincial election, Harper led the NCC in a "Vote Anything but Liberal" campaign.[51] Some articles from this period described him as a possible successor to Klein.[52]
Harper and the NCC endorsed a private school tax credit proposed by Ontario's Progressive Conservative government in 2001, arguing that it would "save about $7,000 for each student who does not attend a union-run public school". Education Minister Janet Ecker criticized this, saying that her government's intent was not to save money at the expense of public education.[53]
Day's leadership of the Canadian Alliance became increasingly troubled throughout the summer of 2001, as several party MPs called for his resignation. In June, the National Post newspaper reported that former Reform MP Ian McClelland was organizing a possible leadership challenge on Harper's behalf.[54] Harper announced his resignation from the NCC presidency in August 2001, to prepare a campaign.[55]
Canadian Alliance leadership[link]
Stockwell Day called a new Canadian Alliance leadership race for 2002, and soon declared himself a candidate. Harper emerged as Day's main rival, and declared his own candidacy on December 3, 2001. He eventually won the support of at least 28 Alliance MPs,[56] including Scott Reid, James Rajotte[57] and Keith Martin.[58] During the campaign, Harper reprised his earlier warnings against an alliance with Quebec nationalists, and called for his party to become the federalist option in Quebec.[59] He argued that "the French language is not imperilled in Quebec", and opposed "special status" for the province in the Canadian Constitution accordingly.[60] He also endorsed greater provincial autonomy on Medicare, and said that he would not co-operate with the Progressive Conservatives as long as they were led by Joe Clark.[61] On social issues, Harper argued for "parental rights" to use corporal punishment against their children and supported raising the age of sexual consent.[62] He described his potential support base as "similar to what George Bush tapped".[63]
The tone of the leadership contest turned hostile in February 2002. Harper described Day's governance of the party as "amateurish",[64] while his campaign team argued that Day was attempting to win re-election by building a narrow support base among different groups in the religious right.[65] The Day campaign accused Harper of "attacking ethnic and religious minorities".[66] In early March, the two candidates had an especially fractious debate on CBC Newsworld.[67] The leadership vote was held on March 20, 2002. Harper was elected on the first ballot with 55% support, against 37% for Day. Two other candidates split the remainder.
After winning the party leadership, Harper announced his intention to run for Parliament in a by-election in Calgary Southwest, recently vacated by Preston Manning. Ezra Levant had already been chosen as the riding's Alliance candidate and initially declared that he would not stand aside for Harper; he subsequently reconsidered.[68] The Liberals did not field a candidate, following a parliamentary tradition of allowing opposition leaders to enter the House of Commons unopposed. The Progressive Conservative candidate, Jim Prentice, also chose to withdraw.[69] Harper was elected without difficulty over New Democrat Bill Phipps, a former United Church of Canada moderator. Harper told a reporter during the campaign that he "despise[d]" Phipps, and declined to debate him.[70]
Harper officially became Leader of the Opposition in May 2002. Later in the same month, he said that the Atlantic Provinces were trapped in "a culture of defeat" which had to be overcome, the result of policies designed by Liberal and Progressive Conservative governments. Many Atlantic politicians condemned the remark as patronizing and insensitive. The Legislature of Nova Scotia unanimously approved a motion condemning Harper's comments,[71] which were also criticized by New Brunswick Premier Bernard Lord, federal Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark and others. Harper refused to apologize, and said that much of Canada was trapped by the same "can't-do" attitude.[72]
His first 18 months as opposition leader were largely devoted towards consolidating the fractured elements of the Canadian Alliance and encouraging a union of the Canadian Alliance and the federal Progressive Conservatives[citation needed]. The aim of this union was to present only one right-of-center national party in the next federal election. In undertaking the merger talks, PC leader Peter MacKay reversed his previous agreement with leadership opponent David Orchard not to merge with the Alliance. After reaching an agreement with MacKay in October 2003, the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada officially merged in December, with the new party being named the "Conservative Party of Canada".[73]
In March 2003 Harper and Stockwell Day co-wrote a letter to The Wall Street Journal in which they condemned the Canadian government's unwillingness to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[74]
Conservative Party leadership[link]
On January 12, 2004, Harper announced his resignation as Leader of the Opposition, in order to run for the leadership of the Conservative Party of Canada. Harper was elected the first leader of the Conservative Party, with a first ballot majority against Belinda Stronach and Tony Clement on March 20, 2004. Harper's victory included strong showings in Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic Canada.
2004 federal election[link]
Main article: Canadian federal election, 2004
Harper led the Conservatives into the 2004 federal election. Initially, new Prime Minister Paul Martin held a large lead in polls, but this eroded due to infighting, Adscam and other scandals surrounding his government. The Liberals attempted to counter this with an early election call, as this would give the Conservatives less time to consolidate their merger.[citation needed]
Martin's weak performance in the leader's debate, along with an unpopular provincial budget by Liberal Premier Dalton McGuinty in Ontario, moved the Conservatives into a lead for a time. However, comments by Conservative MPs, leaked press releases slandering the then Prime Minister, as well as controversial TV attack ads suggesting that the Conservatives would make Canada more like the United States, caused Harper's party to lose some momentum.[citation needed]
Harper made an effort to appeal to voters in Quebec, a province where the Reform/Alliance side of the merged party had not done well. He was featured in several of the Tories' French-language campaign ads.[citation needed]
The Liberals were re-elected to power with a minority government, with the Conservatives coming in second place. The Conservatives managed to make inroads into the Liberals' Ontario stronghold, primarily in the province's socially conservative central region. However, they were shut out of Quebec, marking the first time that a centre-right party did not win any seats in that province. Harper, after some personal deliberation, decided to stay on as the party leader. Many credited him with bringing the Progressive Conservative Party and Canadian Alliance together in a short time to fight a close election.[citation needed]
Agreement with the BQ and the NDP[link]
Two months after the federal election, Stephen Harper privately met with Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe and New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton in a Montreal hotel.[75] On September 9, 2004, the three signed a letter addressed to then-Governor General Adrienne Clarkson, stating,
We respectfully point out that the opposition parties, who together constitute a majority in the House, have been in close consultation. We believe that, should a request for dissolution arise this should give you cause, as constitutional practice has determined, to consult the opposition leaders and consider all of your options before exercising your constitutional authority.[76][77]
On the same day the letter was written, the three party leaders held a joint press conference at which they expressed their intent to co-operate on changing parliamentary rules, and to request that the Governor General consult with them before deciding to call an election.[78] At the news conference, Harper said "It is the Parliament that's supposed to run the country, not just the largest party and the single leader of that party. That's a criticism I've had and that we've had and that most Canadians have had for a long, long time now so this is an opportunity to start to change that." However, at the time, Harper and the two other opposition leaders denied trying to form a coalition government.[75] Harper said, "This is not a coalition, but this is a co-operative effort."[78]
One month later, on October 4, Mike Duffy, now a Conservative senator (appointed by Harper), said "It is possible that you could change prime minister without having an election," and that some Conservatives wanted Harper to temporarily become prime minister without holding an election. The next day Layton walked out on talks with Harper and Duceppe, accusing them of trying to replace Paul Martin with Harper as prime minister. Both Bloc and Conservative officials denied Layton's accusations.[75]
On March 26, 2011, Duceppe stated that Harper had tried to form a coalition government with the Bloc and NDP in response to Harper's allegations that the Liberals may form a coalition with the Bloc and the NDP.[79]
Harper as Conservative leader and Leader of the Opposition[link]
The Conservative Party's first policy convention was held from March 17–19, 2005, in Montreal. Harper had been rumoured to be shifting his ideology closer to that of a Blue Tory, and many thought he'd wanted to move the party's policies closer to the centre. Any opposition to abortion or bilingualism was dropped from the Conservative platform. Harper received an 84% endorsement from delegates in the leadership review.
Despite the party's move to the centre, the party began a concerted drive against same-sex marriage. Harper was criticized by a group of law professors for arguing that the government could override the provincial court rulings on same-sex marriage without using the "notwithstanding clause", a provision of Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It also argued, in general, for lower taxes, an elected Senate, a tougher stance on crime, and closer relations with the United States.[citation needed]
Following the April 2005 release of Jean Brault's damaging testimony at the Gomery Commission, implicating the Liberals in the scandal, opinion polls placed the Conservatives ahead of Liberals. The Conservatives had earlier abstained from the vote on the 2005 budget to avoid forcing an election. With the collapse in Liberal support and a controversial NDP amendment to the budget, the party exerted significant pressure on Harper to bring down the government. In May, Harper announced that the government had lost the "moral authority to govern". Shortly thereafter, the Conservatives and Bloc Québécois united to defeat the government on a vote that some considered to be either a confidence motion or else a motion requiring an immediate test of the confidence of the House. The Martin government did not accept this interpretation and argued that vote had been on a procedural motion, although they also indicated that they would bring forward their revised budget for a confidence vote the following week. Ultimately, the effort to bring down the Government failed following the decision of Conservative MP Belinda Stronach to cross the floor to the Liberal Party. The vote on the NDP amendment to the budget tied, and with the Speaker of the House voting to continue debate, the Liberals stayed in power. At the time, some considered the matter to be a constitutional crisis.[80][81]
Harper was also criticized for supporting his caucus colleague MP Gurmant Grewal.[82] Grewal had produced tapes of conversations with Tim Murphy, Paul Martin's chief of staff, in which Grewal claimed he had been offered a cabinet position in exchange for his defection.
The Liberals' support dropped after the first report from the Gomery Commission was issued. On November 24, 2005, Harper introduced a motion of non-confidence on the Liberal government, telling the House of Commons "that this government has lost the confidence of the House of Commons and needs to be removed." As the Liberals had lost NDP support in the house by refusing to accept an NDP plan to prevent health care privatization, the no-confidence motion was passed by a vote of 171–133. It was the first time that a Canadian government had been toppled by a straight motion of non-confidence proposed by the opposition. As a result, Parliament was dissolved and a general election was scheduled for January 23, 2006.
On February 27, 2008, allegations surfaced that two Conservative Party officials offered terminally ill, Independent MP Chuck Cadman a million-dollar life insurance policy in exchange for his vote to bring down the Liberal government in a May 2005 budget vote.[83] If the story had been proved true, the actions may have been grounds for charges as a criminal offence since, under the Criminal Code of Canada, it is illegal to bribe an MP.[84]
When asked by Vancouver journalist Tom Zytaruk about the alleged life insurance offer then-opposition leader Stephen Harper states on an audio tape "I don't know the details. I know there were discussions"[85] and goes on to say "The offer to Chuck was that it was only to replace financial considerations he might lose due to an election".[85] Harper also stated that he had told the Conservative party representatives that they were unlikely to succeed. "I told them they were wasting their time. I said Chuck had made up his mind."[85][86] In February 2008 the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) investigated the allegations that Section 119's provisions on bribery and corruption in the Criminal Code had been violated.[87][88] The RCMP concluded their investigation stating that there is no evidence for pressing charges.[89]
Harper denied any wrongdoing and subsequently filed a civil libel suit against the Liberal Party of Canada. Since libel laws do not apply for statements made in the House of Commons, the basis of the lawsuit was that statements made by Liberal party members outside the House and in articles which appeared on the Liberal party web site made accusations that Harper had committed a criminal act.[86][90]
The audio expert hired by Harper to prove that the tape containing the evidence was doctored reported that the latter part of the tape was recorded over, but the tape was unaltered where Harper's voice said "I don't know the details, I know that, um, there were discussions, um, but this is not for publication?" and goes on to say he "didn't know the details" when asked if he knew anything about the alleged offer to Cadman.[91]
2006 federal election[link]
Main article: Canadian federal election, 2006
The Conservatives began the campaign period with a policy-per-day strategy, contrary to the Liberal plan of holding off major announcements until after the Christmas holidays, so Harper dominated media coverage for the first weeks of the election. Though his party showed only modest movement in the polls, Harper's personal numbers, which had always significantly trailed those of his party, began to rise. In response, the Liberals launched negative ads targeting Harper, similar to their attacks in the 2004 election. However, their tactics were not sufficient to erode the Conservative's advantage, although they did manage to close what had been a ten point advantage in public opinion. As Harper's personal numbers rose, polls found he was now considered not only more trustworthy, but a better choice for Prime Minister than Martin.[92]
Immediately prior to the Christmas break, in a faxed letter to NDP candidate Judy Wasylycia-Leis, the Commissioner of the RCMP, Giuliano Zaccardelli announced the RCMP had opened a criminal investigation into her complaint that it appeared Liberal Finance Minister Ralph Goodale's office had leaked information leading to insider trading before making an important announcement on the taxation of income trusts. On December 27, 2005, the RCMP confirmed that information in a press release. At the conclusion of the investigation, Serge Nadeau, a top Finance Department bureaucrat, was charged with criminal breach of trust. No charges were laid against then Finance Minister Ralph Goodale.[93]
The election gave Harper's Conservatives the largest number of seats in the House, although not enough for a majority government, and shortly after midnight on January 24, Martin conceded defeat. Later that day, Martin informed Governor General Michaëlle Jean that he would resign as Prime Minister, and at 6:45 p.m. Jean asked Harper to form a government. Harper was sworn in as Canada's 22nd Prime Minister on February 6, 2006. In his first address to Parliament as head of government, Harper opened by paying tribute to the Queen and her "lifelong dedication to duty and self-sacrifice," referring to her specifically as Canada's head of state.[94] He also said before the Canada-UK Chamber of Commerce that Canada and the United Kingdom were joined by "the golden circle of the Crown, which links us all together with the majestic past that takes us back to the Tudors, the Plantagenets, the Magna Carta, habeas corpus, petition of rights, and English common law."[95] Journalist Graham Fraser said in the Toronto Star that Harper's speech was "one of the most monarchist speeches a Canadian prime minister has given since John Diefenbaker."[96] An analysis by Michael D. Behiels suggests a political realignment may be underway based on the continuance of Harper's government.[97]
Prime Minister[link]
Main article: Premiership of Stephen Harper
2008 federal election[link]
Main article: Canadian federal election, 2008
On October 14, 2008, after a 5 week long campaign, the Conservative Party won a federal election and increased its number of seats in Parliament to 143, up from 127 at the dissolution of the previous Parliament; however, the actual popular vote among Canadians dropped slightly by 167,494 votes. As a result of the lowest voter turnout in Canadian electoral history, this represented only 22% of eligible Canadian voters, the lowest level of support of any winning party in Canadian history.[98] Meanwhile, the number of opposition Liberal MPs fell from 95 to 77 seats. It takes 155 MPs to form a majority government in Canada's 308 seat Parliament.
2008 Parliamentary dispute and prorogation[link]
Main article: 2008-2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute
On December 4, 2008, Harper asked Governor General Michaëlle Jean to prorogue Parliament in order to avoid a vote of confidence scheduled for the following Monday, becoming the first Canadian PM ever to do so.[99][100] The request was granted by Jean, and the prorogation lasted until January 26, 2009. The opposition coalition dissolved shortly after, with the Conservatives winning a Liberal supported confidence vote on January 29, 2009.
2010 prorogation[link]
See also: 2010 Canada anti-prorogation protests and Prorogation in Canada
On December 30, 2009, Harper announced that he would request the governor general prorogue Parliament again, effective immediately on December 30, 2009, during the 2010 Winter Olympics and lasting until March 3, 2010. Harper stated that this was necessary for Canada's economic plan. Jean would grant the request. In an interview with CBC News, Prince Edward Island Liberal member of Parliament Wayne Easter accused the Prime Minister of "shutting democracy down".[101][102] Tom Flanagan, Harper's University of Calgary mentor and former Chief of Staff, also questioned Harper's reasoning for prorogation, stating that "I think the government's talking points haven't been entirely credible" and that the government's explanation of proroguing was "skirting the real issue—which is the harm the opposition parties are trying to do to the Canadian Forces" regarding the Canadian Afghan detainee issue.[103] The second prorogation in a year received some international criticism as being undemocratic.[104] Demonstrations took place on January 23 in 64 Canadian cities and towns, and five cities in other countries.[105] A Facebook protest group attracted over 20,000 members.[106]
A poll released by Angus Reid on January 7, found that 53% of Canadians were opposed to the prorogation, while 19% supported it. 38% of Canadians believed that Harper used the prorogation to curtail the Afghan detainee inquiry, while 23% agreed with Harper's explanation that the prorogation was necessary economically.[107]
2010 Senate appointments[link]
Harper filled five vacancies in the Senate of Canada with appointments of new Conservative senators, on January 29, 2010. The Senators filled vacancies in Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and New Brunswick, as well as two vacancies in Ontario. The new senators were Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu, of Quebec, Bob Runciman, of Ontario, Vim Kochhar, of Ontario, Elizabeth Marshall of Newfoundland and Labrador and Rose-May Poirier, of New Brunswick. This changed the party standings in the Senate, which had been dominated by Liberals, to 51 Conservatives, 49 Liberals, and five others.[108]
2011 vote of non-confidence[link]
Harper's Cabinet was defeated in a no-confidence vote on March 25, 2011, after being found in contempt of Parliament, thus triggering a general election.[109] This was the first occurrence in Commonwealth history of a government in the Westminster parliamentary tradition losing the confidence of the House of Commons on the grounds of contempt of Parliament. The no-confidence motion was carried with a vote of 156 in favor of the motion, and 145 against.[110]
2011 election[link]
Main article: Canadian federal election, 2011
On May 2, 2011, after a 5-week campaign, Harper led the Conservatives to their third consecutive election victory—the first time a centre-right party has accomplished this in half a century. The Conservatives increased their standing in Parliament to 166, up from 143 at the dissolution of the previous Parliament. This resulted in the first centre-right majority government since the Progressive Conservatives won what would be their last majority in 1988. The Conservative Party also received a greater number of total votes than in 2008. Aside from ending five years of minority governments, this election was notable for a number of firsts: bringing the New Democratic Party to official opposition status, the relegation of the Liberals to third place, the election of Canada's first Green Party Member of Parliament, and the decline of the Bloc Québécois (from 47 to 4 seats).
Domestic policy[link]
Main article: Domestic policy of the Harper government
Unlike his recent predecessors, Harper did not name one of his colleagues to the largely honorific post of Deputy Prime Minister. Various observers had expected him to name MacKay, the former leader of the Progressive Conservative Party and his deputy party leader, or Lawrence Cannon, as a Quebec lieutenant, to the post. Harper did, however, name an order of succession to act on his behalf in certain circumstances, starting with Cannon, then Jim Prentice, then the balance of his cabinet in order of precedence.[citation needed]
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After sidestepping the political landmine for most of the first year of his time as prime minister, much as all the post-Charlottetown Accord prime ministers had done, Harper's hand was forced to reopen the Quebec sovereignty debate after the opposition Bloc Québécois were to introduce a motion in the House that called for recognition of Quebec as a "nation". On November 22, 2006, Harper introduced his own motion to recognize that "the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada."[111] Five days later, Harper's motion passed, with a margin of 266-16; all federalist parties, as well as the Bloc Québécois, were formally behind it.[112]
Economic management[link]
As of January 2010, the ruling Conservatives had raised the federal deficit back to $36 billion dollars. It is claimed by certain pundits that the Conservatives raised Canada's deficit to the largest in the country's history.[113][114] At the same time, Canada had the lowest Debt-to-GDP in the G7 economies.[115] The Economist magazine stated that Canada had come out the recession stronger than any other rich country in the G7.[116][117]
Senate[link]
In 2004, Harper said "the Upper House remains a dumping ground for the favoured cronies of the prime minister."[118] During his term as prime minister from 2006 to 2008, Harper let Senate retirements go unfilled, resulting in 16 Senate vacancies by the October 2008 election.[119] The one exception to this policy was Michael Fortier. When Harper first took office, he directed the Governor General to appoint Michael Fortier to both the Senate and the Cabinet, arguing the government needed representation from the city of Montreal.[120] Although there is a precedent for this action in Canadian history, the appointment led to criticism from opponents who claimed Harper was reneging on his push for an elected Senate. In 2008 Fortier gave up his Senate seat and sought election as a Member of Parliament (MP), but was defeated by a large margin by the incumbent Bloc Québécois MP.[121]
After the October 2008 election, Harper again named Senate reform as a priority.[119] By December 2008, he recommended the appointment of 18 senators and in 2009 directed the Governor General to appoint an additional 9 senators. Many of those appointed had close ties with the Conservative Party, including the campaign manager of the Conservative Party, Doug Finley. Critics accused Harper of hypocrisy (the Liberals coined the term "Harpocrisy"). Conservative Senator Bert Brown defended Harper's appointments and said "the only way [the Senate]'s ever been filled is by having people that are loyal to the prime minister who's appointing them."[118]
2011 Census[link]
See also: 2011 Census
Ahead of the Canada 2011 Census, the government announced that the long-form questionnaire (which collects detailed demographic information) will no longer be mandatory. According to Minister of Industry Tony Clement, the change was made because of privacy-related complaints and after consulting with Statistics Canada.[122] However, Canada's privacy commissioner reported only receiving three complaints between 1995 and 2010, according to a report in the Toronto Sun.[123]
Munir Sheikh, Canada's Chief Statistician appointed on Harper's advice,[124] resigned on July 21, 2010, in protest of the government's change in policy.[125] Ivan Fellegi, the former Chief Statistician of Canada, criticized the government's decision, saying that those who are most vulnerable (such as the poor, new immigrants, and aboriginals) are least likely to respond to a voluntary form, which weakens information about their demographic.[126]
The move was opposed by some governmental and non-governmental organizations.[127] Federation of Canadian Municipalities; City of Toronto;[128] Canadian Jewish Congress; Evangelical Fellowship of Canada;[129] Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops;[130] Canadian Medical Association;[131] Statistical Society of Canada; the American Statistical Association;[132] and Registered Nurses Association of Ontario all opposed the change. However, the Fraser Institute supported the change.[133] The provincial governments of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Manitoba, also opposed the change.[134]
Foreign policy[link]
Main article: Foreign policy of the Harper government
During his term, Harper has dealt with many foreign policy issues relating to the United States, War on Terror, Arab-Israeli conflict, free trade, China and Africa.
In 2009, Harper visited China. During the visit Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao publicly scolded Harper for not visiting earlier, pointing out that "this is the first meeting between the Chinese premier and a Canadian prime minister in almost five years";[135] Harper in response said that, "it's almost been five years since we had yourself or President Hu in our country.”[135] In 2008, former prime minister Jean Chrétien had criticized Harper for missing opening ceremonies for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing;[136] in response, Dmitri Soudas, a spokeperson for Harper, called the remarks hypocritical, pointing out that Chrétien "attended one of six Olympic opening ceremonies during his 13 years as Prime Minister.[136]
On September 11, 2007, Harper visited Australia and addressed its Parliament.[137]
Michael Ignatieff criticized Harper for cutting foreign aid to Africa by $700 million, falling short of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and cutting eight African countries from the list of priority aid recipients.[138]
Afghanistan[link]
On March 11 and March 12, 2006, Harper made a surprise trip to Afghanistan, where Canadian Forces personnel have been deployed as part of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force since late 2001, to visit troops in theatre as a show of support for their efforts, and as a demonstration of the government's commitment to reconstruction and stability in the region. Harper's choice of a first foreign visit was closely guarded from the press until his arrival in Afghanistan (citing security concerns), and is seen as marking a significant change in relationship between the government and the military. Harper returned to Afghanistan on May 22, 2007, in a surprise two-day visit which included visiting Canadian troops at the forward operating base at Ma'Sum Ghar, located 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Kandahar, making Harper the first Prime Minister to have visited the front lines of a combat operation.[139]
Israeli and Jewish affairs[link]
At the outset of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Harper defended Israel's "right to defend itself" and described its military campaign in Lebanon as a "measured" response, arguing that Hezbollah's release of kidnapped IDF soldiers would be the key to ending the conflict.[140] Speaking of the situation in both Lebanon and Gaza on July 18, Harper said he wanted "not just a ceasefire, but a resolution" but such a thing would not happen until Hezbollah and Hamas recognize Israel's right to exist. Harper blamed Hezbollah for all the civilian deaths. He asserted that Hezbollah's objective is to destroy Israel through violence.[141]
The media noted that Harper didn't allow reporters opportunities to ask him questions on his position. Some Canadians, including many Arab and Lebanese Canadians, criticized Harper's description of Israel's response.[142]
In December 2008, the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations recognized Harper's support for Israel with its inaugural International Leadership Award, pointing out Harper's decision to boycott the Durban II anti-racism conference, and his government's "support for Israel and [its] efforts at the U.N. against incitement and ... the delegitimization [of Israel]".[143]
In March 2009, Harper spoke at a Parliament Hill ceremony organized by Chabad-Lubavitch to honor the Jewish victims of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, which included an attack on the Nariman House. He expressed condolences over the murder at Chabad's Mumbai center of Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife Rivka. Harper described the killings as "affronts to the values that unite all civilized people". Harper added that the quick installment of a new rabbi at the Chabad center in Mumbai as a signal that the Jewish people will "never bow to violence and hatred".[144]
In 2010, Canada lost a bid for a seat on the UN Security Council. While initially blaming the loss on his rival Ignatieff, Harper later said that it was due to his pro-Israeli stance. Harper then said that he would take a pro-Israeli stance, no matter what the political cost to Canada.[145][146][147] Ignatieff criticized Harper's stance as a "mistake", saying Canada would be better able to defend Israel through the Security Council than from the sidelines and pointed out that it is the Security Council that will determine if sanctions are imposed on Iran.[146] Ignatieff also accused Harper of steering the discussion away from implementing the two-state solution, and instead rendering all discussion into a competition "about who is Israel's best friend".[138]
Free Trade with EFTA[link]
On June 7, 2007, the Conservative government announced it had finalized free trade negotiations with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Under this agreement, Canada increased its trade ties with Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. In 2006, the value of trade between these partners was $10.7 billion. Canada had originally begun negotiations with the EFTA on October 9, 1998, but talks broke down due to a disagreement over subsidies to shipyards in Atlantic Canada.[148]
United States[link]
Main article: Canada-United States relations
Shortly after being congratulated by George W. Bush for his victory, Harper rebuked U.S. Ambassador David Wilkins for criticizing the Conservatives' plans to assert Canada's sovereignty over the Arctic Ocean waters with armed forces.[149] Harper's first meeting as Prime Minister with the U.S. President occurred at the end of March 2006.
The government received American news coverage during the Democratic Party's 2008 presidential primaries after the details of a conversation between Barack Obama's economic advisor Austan Goolsbee, and Canadian diplomat Georges Rioux were revealed. Reportedly Goolsbee was reassuring the Canadians that Obama's comments on potentially renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) were more political rhetoric than actual policy. The accuracy of these reports has been debated by both the Obama campaign and the Canadian Government. The news came at a key time nearing the Ohio and Texas primaries where, perceptions among Democratic voters is that the benefits of the NAFTA agreement are dubious. Thus the appearance that Obama was not being completely forthright was attacked by his opponent Hillary Clinton.[150] ABC News reported that Harper's Chief of Staff, Ian Brodie was responsible for the details reaching the hands of the media.[151] Harper has denied that Brodie was responsible for the leak, and launched an investigation to find the source. The Opposition, as well as Democratic strategist Bob Shrum,[152] criticized the Government on the issue, stating they were trying to help the Republicans by helping Hillary Clinton win the Democratic nomination instead of Obama. They also alleged the leak would hurt relations with the United States if Obama ever were to become President.[153] Obama was elected President in November. In February, Obama made his first foreign visit, as president, to Ottawa, in which he affirmed support for free trade with Canada, as well as complimenting Canada on its involvement in Afghanistan.[154]
Media relations and information[link]
Harper has insisted on his right to choose who asks questions at press conferences,[155] which has caused the national media to lodge complaints.[156] In 2007, Harper was awarded the Canadian Association of Journalists (CAJ) "Code of Silence Award" for his "white-knuckled death grip on public information". "If journalists can't get basic information from the federal government, Canadians can't hold the government accountable. The Prime Minister's Office has repeatedly demonstrated contempt for the public's right to know," [CAJ President] Welch said. "Harper pledged to run a government that was open, transparent and accountable, but his track record to-date has been abysmal."[157] Some have alleged that the Prime Minister's Office also "often informs the media about Harper's trips at such short notice that it's impossible for Ottawa journalists to attend the events".[158] Harper's director of communications has denied this, saying that "this prime minister has been more accessible, gives greater media scrums and provides deeper content than any prime minister has in the last 10 to 12 years". Some suggest that the Conservatives' then recent electoral success could be credited to their control of the campaign message, a practice that they continued when they became the government.[159]
The CAJ again criticized Harper's control over the media in an open letter in June 2010. The CAJ wrote "Politicians should not get to decide what information is released. This information belongs to Canadians, the taxpayers who paid for its production. Its release should be based on public interest, not political expediency. This breeds contempt and suspicion of government. How can people know the maternal-health initiative has been well thought out or that the monitoring of aboriginal bands has been done properly if all Canadians hear is: 'Trust us'?"[160]
Supreme Court appointments[link]
Harper chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by the governor general:
- Marshall Rothstein (March 1, 2006 – present)
- Thomas Cromwell (Sept. 5, 2008 – present)
- Andromache Karakatsanis (2011 – present)[161]
- Michael Moldaver (2011 – present)[161]
Justice Rothstein[link]
In keeping with Harper's election promise to change the appointment process, Rothstein's appointment involved a review by a parliamentary committee, following his nomination by the Prime Minister. Rothstein had already been short-listed, with two other candidates, by a committee convened by Paul Martin's previous Liberal government, and he was Harper's choice. Harper then had Rothstein appear before an 'ad hoc', non-partisan committee of 12 Members of Parliament. This committee was not empowered to block the appointment, though, as had been called for by some members of Harper's Conservative Party.[162]
Justice Cromwell[link]
On September 5, 2008, Harper nominated Justice Cromwell of Nova Scotia Court of Appeal to fill the Supreme Court seat left vacant by the departure of Justice Michel Bastarache. By and large Cromwell's nomination has been well received, with many lauding the selection,[163][164] however dissent has been noted surrounding the nomination. First, Harper bypassed Parliament's Supreme Court selection panel, which was supposed to produce a list of three candidates for him to choose from.[163] Second, Newfoundland Justice Minister Jerome Kennedy criticized the appointment, citing the Newfoundland government's belief that constitutional convention stipulates that a Newfoundlander should have been named to the Court in the rotation of Atlantic Canadian Supreme Court representation.[165]
Honours[link]
Harper received the Woodrow Wilson Award on October 6, 2006, for his public service in Calgary. It was held at the Telus Convention Centre in Calgary, the same place where he made his victory speech.[166]
Time magazine named him as Canada's Newsmaker of the Year in 2006. Stephen Handelman wrote "that the prime minister who was once dismissed as a doctrinaire backroom tactician with no experience in government has emerged as a warrior in power".[167]
On June 27, 2008, Harper was awarded the Presidential Gold Medallion for Humanitarianism by B'nai B'rith International. He is the first Canadian to be awarded this medal.[168]
On July 11, 2011, Harper was honoured by Alberta's Blood tribe. He was made honorary Chief of the Blood Tribe during a ceremony, in which they recognized him for making an official apology on behalf of the Government of Canada for the residential schools abuse. Harper issued this apology in 2008. The Chief of the tribe explained that he believes the apology officially started the healing and rebuilding of relations between the federal and native councils. Lester B. Pearson, John Diefenbaker and Jean Chrétien are the only other Prime Ministers of Canada to be awarded the same honorary title.[169]
Personal life[link]
Harper married Laureen Teskey in 1993. Laureen was formerly married to New Zealander Neil Fenton from 1985 to 1988.[170] They have two children: Benjamin and Rachel. He is the third Prime Minister, after Pierre Trudeau and John Turner, to send his children to Rockcliffe Park Public School, in Ottawa. He is a member of the evangelical Christian and Missionary Alliance and attends church at the East Gate Alliance Church in Ottawa.[171] According to party literature, he is learning Spanish.[172]
An avid follower of ice hockey, he has been a fan of the Toronto Maple Leafs since his childhood in the Leaside and Etobicoke communities in Toronto. He is working on a book of the history of hockey, which he hopes to publish in 2012,[173] and writes articles occasionally on the subject.[174] Harper appeared on The Sports Network (TSN) during the broadcast of the Canada–Russia final of the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He was interviewed and expressed his views on the state of hockey, and his preference for an overtime period in lieu of a shoot-out.[175] In February 2010, Harper interviewed former National Hockey League greats Wayne Gretzky and Gordie Howe for a Saskatoon Kinsmen Club charity event.[176]
Harper taped a cameo appearance in an episode of the television show Corner Gas which aired March 12, 2007.[177] He reportedly owns a large vinyl record collection and is a fan of The Beatles and AC/DC.[178] In October 2009, he joined Yo-Yo Ma on stage in a National Arts Centre gala and performed "With a Little Help from My Friends". He was also accompanied by Herringbone, an Ottawa band with whom he regularly practises.[179] He received a standing ovation after providing the piano accompaniment and lead vocals for the song.[180]
In October 2010, Harper taped a cameo appearance in an episode of the television show Murdoch Mysteries, which aired July 20, 2011, during the show's fourth season.[181][182]
Harper is 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm) tall.[183] He is the first Prime Minister to employ a personal stylist, Michelle Muntean, whose duties range from co-ordinating his clothing to preparing his hair and makeup for speeches and television appearances. While formerly on public payroll, she has been paid for by the Conservative Party since "some time [in] 2007".[184]
Electoral record[link]
| Canadian federal election, 2011: Calgary Southwest [edit] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±pp | Expenditures | |
| Conservative | Stephen Harper | 42,998 | 75.12 | +2.22 | ||
| New Democratic | Holly Heffernan | 6,823 | 11.92 | +4.12 | ||
| Liberal | Marlene Lamontagne | 4,121 | 7.20 | -2.11 | ||
| Green | Kelly Christie | 2,991 | 5.23 | -3.72 | ||
| Independent | Larry R. Heather | 303 | 0.53 | +0.05 | ||
| Total valid votes | 57,236 | 100.00 | ||||
| Total rejected ballots | 177 | 0.31 | – | |||
| Turnout | 57,413 | 60.95 | – | |||
| Eligible voters | 94,192 | – | ||||
| Canadian federal election, 2008: Calgary Southwest [edit] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Expenditures | ||
| Conservative | (x)Stephen Harper | 38,548 | 72.7 | |||
| Liberal | Marlene Lamontagne | 4,919 | 9.29 | |||
| Green | Kelly Christie | 4,732 | 8.95 | |||
| New Democratic Party | Holly Heffernan | 4,102 | 7.74 | |||
| Libertarian | Dennis Young | 265 | 0.50 | |||
| Christian Heritage | Larry R. Heather | 256 | 0.48 | |||
| Total valid votes | 52,832 | 100.00 | ||||
| Total rejected ballots | 164 | |||||
| Turnout | 52,996 | |||||
| Canadian federal election, 2006: Calgary Southwest [edit] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Expenditures | ||
| Conservative | (x)Stephen Harper | 41,549 | 72.36 | |||
| Liberal | Mike Swanson | 6,553 | 11.41 | |||
| New Democratic Party | Holly Heffernan | 4,628 | 8.06 | |||
| Green | Kim Warnke | 4,407 | 7.68 | |||
| Christian Heritage | Larry R. Heather | 279 | 0.49 | |||
| Total valid votes | 57,416 | 100.00 | ||||
| Total rejected ballots | 120 | |||||
| Turnout | 57,536 | |||||
| Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada. | ||||||
| Canadian federal election, 2004: Calgary Southwest [edit] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Expenditures | ||
| Conservative | (x)Stephen Harper | 35,297 | 68.36 | $62,952.76 | ||
| Liberal | Avalon Roberts | 9,501 | 18.40 | $43,846.23 | ||
| Green | Darcy Kraus | 3,210 | 6.22 | $534.96 | ||
| New Democratic Party | Daria Fox | 2,884 | 5.59 | $3,648.70 | ||
| Marijuana | Mark de Pelham | 516 | 1.00 | $0.00 | ||
| Christian Heritage | Larry R. Heather | 229 | 0.44 | $985.59 | ||
| Total valid votes | 51,637 | 100.00 | ||||
| Total rejected ballots | 149 | |||||
| Turnout | 51,786 | 64.49 | ||||
| Electors on the lists | 80,296 | |||||
| Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000. Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada. |
||||||
| Canadian federal by-election, May 13, 2002: Calgary Southwest [edit] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Expenditures | ||
| Alliance | Stephen Harper | 13,200 | 71.66 | $58,959.16 | ||
| New Democratic | Bill Phipps | 3,813 | 20.70 | $34,789.77 | ||
| Green | James S. Kohut | 660 | 3.58 | $2,750.80 | ||
| Independent | Gordon Barrett | 428 | 2.32 | $3,329.34 | ||
| Christian Heritage | Ron Gray | 320 | 1.74 | $27,772.78 | ||
| Total valid votes | 18,421 | 100.00 | ||||
| Total rejected ballots | 98 | |||||
| Turnout | 18,519 | 23.05 | ||||
| Electors on the lists | 80,360 | |||||
| Canadian federal election, 1993: Calgary West [edit] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
| Reform | Stephen Harper | 30,209 | 52.25 | |||
| Liberal | Karen Gainer | 15,314 | 26.49 | |||
| Progressive Conservative | (x) James Hawkes | 9,090 | 15.72 | |||
| New Democratic | Rudy Rogers | 1,194 | 2.06 | |||
| National | Kathleen McNeil | 1,068 | 1.85 | |||
| Natural Law | Frank Haika | 483 | 0.84 | |||
| Green | Don Francis | 347 | 0.60 | |||
| Christian Heritage | Larry R. Heather | 116 | 0.20 | |||
| Total valid votes | 57,821 | 100.00 | ||||
| Total rejected ballots | 133 | |||||
| Turnout | 57,954 | 66.29 | ||||
| Electors on the lists | 87,421 | |||||
| Source: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results, Published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. Financial figures taken from official contributions and expenses provided by Elections Canada. | ||||||
| Canadian federal election, 1988: Calgary West [edit] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
| Progressive Conservative | (x) James Hawkes | 32,025 | 58.52 | |||
| Reform | Steve Harper | 9,074 | 16.58 | |||
| Liberal | John Phillips | 6,880 | 12.57 | |||
| New Democratic | Richard D. Vanderberg | 6,355 | 11.61 | |||
| Libertarian | David Faren | 225 | 0.41 | |||
| Confederation of Regions | Brent Morin | 170 | 0.31 | |||
| Total valid votes | 54,729 | 100.00 | ||||
| Total rejected ballots | 117 | |||||
| Turnout | 54,846 | 78.75 | ||||
| Electors on the lists | 69,650 | |||||
All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada. Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Prime Minister Stephen Harper. About.com - Canada online. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ National Citizens Coalition (NCC) – Harper's presidency was a critical period. The Harper Index, May 11, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2011
- ^ Bruce Cheadle (Mar. 25, 2011). "Harper government topples on contempt motion, triggering May election". The Canadian Press; CTV news. http://winnipeg.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110325/wpg_election_110325/20110325/?hub=WinnipegHome. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ William Johnson, Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada, pg. 7
- ^ O'Connor, Naoibh, "'Nerds' tops in Canada", The Vancouver Courier, August 5, 2004. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
- ^ a b William Johnson, Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada, pg. 12
- ^ a b "Stephen Harper". Stephen Harper. Canadiancontent.net. http://www.canadiancontent.net/people/politics/Stephen-Harper.html. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ William Johnson, Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada, pg. 19
- ^ "Stephen Harper". canadapest.com. 2006. http://canadapest.com/page3/page8/page8.html. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ Murphy, Rex (March 22, 2007). "Rex Murphy: Stephen Harper's new priority". cbc.ca. http://www.cbc.ca/national/rex/2007/03/stephen_harpers_new_priority.html. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ Geoff White, "Ottawa will be hearing from Reform MP", Calgary Herald, April 21, 1989, pg. A5
- ^ Paul Gessell, "The "other' parties are picking up big followings", Kitchener-Waterloo Record, October 26, 1990, A9.
- ^ George Oake, "Reform Party tries to avoid appearance of extremism", Toronto Star, April 6, 1991, pg. A12
- ^ William Johnson, Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada, (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 2005), pgs.179-83
- ^ Kenneth Whyte, "The right-wingers duke it out in the Calgary West corral", Globe and Mail, October 2, 1993, pg. D2
- ^ Neville Nankivell, "Reform's voice will grow louder", Financial Post, October 31, 1995, pg. 23
- ^ "Harris joins other leaders in calling for change", Hamilton Spectator, October 31, 1995, pg. A1
- ^ Dufour, Richard (January 20, 2006). "Who is Stephen Harper, the Conservative poised to be Canada’s next prime minister?". World Socialist Web Site (International Committee of the Fourth International). http://www.wsws.org/articles/2006/jan2006/harp-j20.shtml. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ Marta Gold, "Same-sex fight going to Ottawa", Hamilton Spectator, June 10, 1994, pg. A3
- ^ Joan Crockett, "Robinson lays equality complaint", Hamilton Spectator, June 22, 1994, pg. A12
- ^ Edward Greenspon, "Stephen Harper: a neo-con in a land of liberals", Globe and Mail, March 23, 2002, A17.
- ^ Johnson, Stephen Harper, pg. 222
- ^ Dan Lett, "Outlaw Grits say no to party's gun bill", Winnipeg Free Press, April 6, 1995, and "Gun bill advances despite three rebels", Hamilton Spectator, April 6, 1995, A6; David Vienneau, "Torn MPs face high noon on gun law", Toronto Star, June 13, 1995, A21; Janice Tibbets, Harper initially supported long-gun registry, Montreal Gazette, September 13, 2010.
- ^ Susan Delacourt, "Charest, Manning dismiss reports of parties' merging", Globe and Mail, April 4, 1995, pg. A5
- ^ Geoffrey York, "Reform MPs snarl at party rebuke", Globe and Mail, April 8, 1994, pg. A4
- ^ Edward Greenspon, "Reform's renewal off to slow start", Globe and Mail, August 1, 1996, A4; Edward Greenspon, "Manning seeks to repeat party's surge", Globe and Mail, August 2, 1996, pg. A4
- ^ Kenneth Whyte, "That Manning and Harper would clash has always been a safe bet", Globe and Mail, April 9, 1994, pg. D2; John Ibbitson, "Who is Stephen Harper?", Globe and Mail, January 14, 2006
- ^ "Stephen Harper named A NCC Vice-President", Canada NewsWire, January 14, 1997
- ^ Thomas Walkom, No title [Second of Five Parts], Toronto Star, April 6, 1997, pg. A1
- ^ Stephen Harper and Tom Flanagan, "Our Benign Dictatorship", Next City, Winter 1997
- ^ Susan Delacourt, "Seeds planted for opposition to unity plan", Globe and Mail, September 18, 1997, pg. A1
- ^ Stephen Harper, "Why Chrétien mustn't flag", Globe and Mail, December 2, 1999, pg. A17
- ^ Chantal Hebert, "Harper takes pragmatic approach to Quebec", Toronto Star, April 26, 2002, pg. A25
- ^ Daniel Leblanc, "Groups vow to fight new election bill", Globe and Mail, June 8, 1999, pg. A4; "Gagged by statute", National Post, June 8, 2000, pg. A19
- ^ National Citizen's Coalition, "NCC To Back New Court Challenge To Wheat Board Monopoly", Canada NewsWire, February 9, 1998, 11:15 report; National Citizen's Coalition, "NCC to blitz prairies with anti-Wheat Board radio ads", Canada NewsWire, August 25, 1999
- ^ no title, Toronto Star, February 29, 2000, pg. 1
- ^ Full text of Stephen Harper's 1997 speech, CTV.ca, December 14, 2005
- ^ Susan Riley, "Harper's suspect evolution", December 16, 2005, pg. A18
- ^ Jack Aubry, "Battle lines being drawn up for ideological heart of Tories", Hamilton Spectator, April 7, 1998, pg. C3; David Frum was also mentioned as a possible supporter.
- ^ Scott Feschuk, "Harper rejects run at Tory leadership", Globe and Mail, April 10, 1998, pg. A1
- ^ Rosemary Spiers, "Preston Manning's fork in the road", Toronto Star, February 18, 1999, pg. 1; "But who will lead it?", Globe and Mail, February 22, 1999, pg. A10
- ^ Michael Taube, "United Alternative needs policy, not Reform party lite", Hamilton Spectator, February 25, 1999, pg. A14
- ^ Tim Harper, "Bible belts", Toronto Star, June 17, 2000, pg. 1
- ^ "That sound you hear is the shifting of conservative ground", April 21, 2000, Globe and Mail, pg. A12
- ^ Paul Adams, "Front-runner rides tide of religious conservatism", Globe and Mail, June 26, 2000, pg. A1
- ^ Stephen Harper, "On second thought", National Post, October 5, 2000, pg. A18
- ^ Stephen Harper, "Get the state out of the economy", National Post, February 8, 2002, pg. A14
- ^ Stephen Harper, Tom Flanagan et al., "The Alberta Agenda", National Post, January 26, 2001, A14.
- ^ Jill Mahoney, "No 'firewall' needed around Alberta, Klein says", Globe and Mail, February 8, 2001, A9.
- ^ Stephen Harper, "Separation, Alberta-style: It is time to seek a new relationship with Canada", National Post, December 8, 2000, A18.
- ^ National Citizens Coalition, "NCC Ad Campaign Urges Albertans Not to Vote Liberal", Canada NewsWire, February 13, 2001, 11:45 report.
- ^ Chantal Hebert, "Alberta, Quebec sing from same complaint book", Toronto Star, February 14, 2001, p. 1.
- ^ Richard Mackie, "School tax-credit plan hailed as a money saver", Globe and Mail, June 19, 2001, A5.
- ^ Sheldon Alberts, "Harper mounts campaign to lead the right: Behind the scenes", National Post, June 30, 2001, pg. A06
- ^ National Citizen's Coalition, "Stephen Harper to Step Down as NCC President", Canada NewsWire, August 13, 2001
- ^ "Number 28 for Harper". Canada NewsWire. March 6, 2002.
- ^ "Six Alliance MPs declare or reaffirm support for Harper's leadership bid". The Canadian Press. December 7, 2001.
- ^ "Five More MPs endorse Harper". Canada NewsWire. February 20, 2002.
- ^ Harper, Stephen (January 19, 2002). "A vision of federalism for all Canadians". National Post. p. A18.
- ^ Basu, Arpon (January 19, 2002). "Alliance candidate Stephen Harper says French not threatened in Quebec". Canadian Press.
- ^ Laghi, Brian (December 4, 2001). "Harper launches campaign". Globe and Mail. p. A8.
- ^ Laghi, Brian (February 21, 2002). "Harper campaigns on social issues". Globe and Mail. p. A4.
- ^ Hunter, Ian (March 7, 2002). "The cult of policy". Globe and Mail. p. A19.
- ^ "No more Mr. Nice Guy in Alliance leadership race", Kitchener-Waterloo Record, February 4, 2002, pg. A3
- ^ Robert Fife, "Day accused of courting evangelicals", National Post, February 9, 2002, pg. A06
- ^ Campbell Clark, "Harper attacking minorities, Day leadership camp charges", Globe and Mail, February 12, 2002, pg. A12
- ^ Brian Laghi, "Harper, Day swap insults in debate", Globe and Mail, March 8, 2002, pg. A4
- ^ Dawn Walton, "Rookie Levant ready to run", Globe and Mail, March 28, 2002, pg. A8; Sheldon Alberts, "'Troubled' Levant lets Harper run", National Post, March 29, 2002, pg. A01
- ^ "Alliance leader won't face Tories in byelection bid", Winnipeg Free Press, March 31, 2002, pg. A8
- ^ Jeffrey Simpson, "He makes Harper think uncharitable thoughts", Globe and Mail, May 7, 2002, pg. A19; Phipps later said that he was "shocked" by Harper's language. See Louise Elliott, "NDP candidate slams Alliance leader for personal comment, refusal to debate", Canadian Press, May 9, 2002,
- ^ Brian Laghi, "Motion by MLAs condemns Harper", Globe and Mail, May 31, 2002, pg. A5; The motion was brought forward by Nova Scotia NDP leader Darrell Dexter.
- ^ Louise Elliott, "Harper calls Canada a nation of defeatists, defends remark about easterners", Canadian Press, May 29, 2002, 17:23 report; Brian Laghi, "Premiers tell Harper his attack was wrong", Globe and Mail, May 30, 2002, pg. A8
- ^ Munroe, Susan (April 3, 2008). "Conservative Party of Canada — Establishment of the New Conservative Party of Canada". About.com: Canada Online. http://canadaonline.about.com/cs/federalparties/a/conservativepty.htm. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ Beers, David (January 25, 2006). "No Bush, please — we're Canadian". Salon.com. Tommy Douglas Research Institute. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080602123220/http://www.tommydouglas.ca/news/2006/01/24/no-bush-please-were-canadian. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Harper, Layton, Duceppe sought 'co-opposition' in 2004 letter to GG". Montreal Gazette. March 27, 2011. http://www.canada.com/news/Harper+Layton+Duceppe+sought+opposition+2004+letter/4511865/story.html#ixzz1Htw6yDVP.
- ^ "Letter to Her Excellency the Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson". http://www.blocquebecois.org/dossiers/campagne-2011/documents/9-09-2004-lettre_des_chefs_au_Gouverneur_general.pdf. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
- ^ Frances Russell (March 30, 2011). "Deception, thy name is Harper". Winnipeg Free Press. http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/westview/deception-thy-name-is-harper-118898409.html. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
- ^ a b Chung, Andrew (March 26, 2011). "Bloc leader accuses Harper of lying about coalition". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/962240--bloc-leader-accuses-harper-of-lying-about-coalition?bn=1. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ Payton, Laura (March 26, 2011). "Harper wanted 2004 coalition: Duceppe". CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadavotes2011/story/2011/03/26/cv-kickoff-bloc.html. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ "The Confidence Convention and the May 2005 Vote on the Public Accounts Committee Report". Sfu.ca. http://www.sfu.ca/~aheard/conventions.html. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
- ^ "National Post, May 14, 2005". Canada.com. http://www.canada.com/national/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=65646089-29b3-4e73-a227-01b1032257cd. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
- ^ O'Neil, Peter (May 28, 2005). "Is he telling the truth? Doubts linger about Gurmant Grewal". Ottawa: Free Dominion. http://www.freedominion.com.pa/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=40089. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ Gloria Galloway and Brian Laghi. "Tories tried to sway vote of dying MP, widow alleges". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080227.wcadmann0227/BNStory/National/home. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
- ^ "Conservatives made million-dollar offer to MP Cadman: book". CBC News. February 27, 2008. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/02/27/cadman-book.html. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
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- ^ On July 19, 2010, representatives from several following institutions signed a letter expressing their disapproval of the change:
- Canadian Association for Business Economics
- Canadian Nurses Association
- Caledon Institute of Social Policy
- Canadian Institute of Planners
- Institute for Research on Public Policy
- Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants
- Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada
- Canadian Labour Congress
- Canada West Foundation
- United Way of Canada
- Glendon School of Public and International Affairs
- National Specialty Society for Community Medicine
- Environics Analytics
- The University of Toronto School of Public Policy and Governance and Rotman School of Management
- Nanos Research
- Canadian Public Health Association
- Canadian Association of University Teachers
- Canadian Council on Social Development
- Canadian Economic Association
- Toronto Board of Trade
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- ^ "Ditching census upsets faith groups". CBC. July 16, 2010. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2010/07/16/census-faith016.html.
- ^ Perreaux, Les. "Bishops castigate Clement on census change". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bishops-castigate-clement-on-census-change/article1657511.
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- ^ Thorne, Stephen. "Don't mess with census, statisticians tell Tories". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/dont-mess-with-census-statisticians-tell-tories/article1635031. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
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- ^ a b Ibbitson, John (December 3, 2009). "China publicly scolds Harper for taking too long to visit". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/china-publicly-scolds-harper-for-taking-too-long-to-visit/article1386656.
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- ^ "Presidents Conference to honor Harper", Jewish Telegraph Agency, December 4, 2008
- ^ "Harper: Anti-Semitism 'pernicious'", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, March 13, 2009.
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- ^ a b "Harper Says He'll Support Israel Even If It Hurts Canada Politically", Toronto: CityNews, November 9, 2010, http://www.citytv.com/toronto/citynews/news/national/article/99489--harper-says-he-ll-support-israel-even-if-it-hurts-canada-politically, retrieved March 30, 2011
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- ^ Parker, Jennifer (February 29, 2008). "Clinton Campaign Demands Obama Answers on NAFTA". ABC News. http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/Vote2008/story?id=4365922&page=1. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
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- ^ "Psst... Harper Wins CAJ secrecy award". Caj.ca. May 25, 2008. http://www.caj.ca/?p=990. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
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- ^ "An open letter to Canadian journalists". CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF JOURNALISTS (CAJ). June 11, 2010. http://www.caj.ca/?p=692. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
- ^ a b "Supreme Court appointments highlight a secret process". http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1070946--supreme-court-appointments-highlight-a-secret-process.
- ^ Globe and Mail Update (February 20, 2006). "Committee to judge next Supreme Court appointee" (fee required). Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060220.w2harper02201/BNStory/National/home. Retrieved December 6, 2006.
- ^ a b Globe and Mail Update (September 5, 2008). "Harper nominates Nova Scotian to Supreme Court". Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080905.wscoc0905/BNStory/National. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
- ^ Globe and Mail Update (September 9, 2008). "No sign of a hidden agenda". Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080909.wecromwell09/BNStory/specialComment. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
- ^ Kirk Makin (September 9, 2008). "Harper blasted over hasty top-court nomination". Globe and Mail.
- ^ Harris, Kathleen; Czekaj, Laura (October 14, 2008). "Conservatives back in minority power". North Bay Nugget (Sun Media). http://www.nugget.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?archive=true&e=1246819. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ CTV News (December 17, 2006). "Time Magazine dubs Harper Cdn. newsmaker of 2006". CTV. http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20061217/harper_newsmaker_061217/20061217.
- ^ Andrew Mayeda (June 28, 2008). "PM calls UN conference an 'anti-Western hatefest'". National Post. http://www.cjpac.ca/statements/read/24/561. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
- ^ "Harper honoured by Alberta's Blood Tribe", CBC News, The Canadian Press, July 11, 2011
- ^ Kingston, Anne, "Wife of the party", Maclean's, August 13, 2007
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- ^ Kennedy, Mark (December 20, 2011). "PM Harper set to finish book on Canada's sport". Postmedia News. http://www.canada.com/news/Harper+finish+book+Canada+sport/5889627/story.html. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ Harper, Stephen (December 23, 2006). "Long before Leafs, T.O. had a team to call its own". Toronto: The Star. http://www.thestar.com/News/article/164678. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
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- ^ Akin, David (February 18, 2010). "Harper, Howe, Gretzky. No leftwingers in sight". The National Post. http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2010/02/18/david-akin-harper-howe-gretzky-shameless-totally-shameless.aspx. Retrieved March 13, 2010. [dead link]
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- ^ Chianello, Joanne (October 2, 2009). "Harper gets on stage with a little help from his wife". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20091006010946/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/Harper+changes+tune+gala/2064118/story.html. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
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Further reading[link]
- Behiels, Michael D. "Stephen Harper's Rise to Power" (PDF) American Review of Canadian Studies Spring 2010, Vol. 40 Issue 1, pp 118–45
- Chantal, Hébert. (2007) French Kiss: Stephen Harper's Blind Date with Quebec Vintage Canada, ISBN 9780676979084
- Cody, Howard. "Minority Government In Canada: The Stephen Harper Experience" American Review of Canadian Studies 2008 38(1): 27-42
- Flanagan, Tom. (2009) Harper’s Team: Behind the Scenes in the Conservative Rise to Power (2nd ed), ISBN 978-0-7735-3545-9
- Johnson, William. (2006) Stephen Harper & the Future of Canada (2nd ed) Douglas Gibson, ISBN 0-7710-4350-3
- Mackey, Lloyd. (2005) "The pilgrimage of Stephen Harper" ECW Press ISBN 1-55022-713-0
- Martin, Lawrence. "Harperland: The Politics of Control" Viking Canada (2010). ISBN 978-0-670-06517-2
- Plamondon, Bob. Full Circle: Death and Resurrection in Canadian Conservative Politics (2006), 472 pp., ISBN 978-1-55263-855-2
External links[link]
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Quotations related to Stephen Harper at Wikiquote- Prime Minister of Canada – official website
- Conservative Party Website
- Stephen Harper's M.A. Thesis
- CBC – The Conservative Leader
- Stephen Harper at the Internet Movie Database
- Office of the Prime Minister's YouTube channel
- P.M. Harper Sings
- Harper's Air Miles - Stephen Harper's foreign trips, since 2006
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Harper, Stephen |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | 22nd Prime Minister of Canada; Canadian economist and politician |
| Date of birth | April 30, 1959 |
| Place of birth | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Barbara Walters | |
|---|---|
 Barbara Walters in New York City, June 2011 |
|
| Born | Barbara Jill Walters (1929-09-25) September 25, 1929 (age 82) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Notable credit(s) | Co-anchor and contributor of ABC Evening News and ABC World News Today show anchor (1961–1976) Not For Women Only host (1971–1976) ABC Evening News anchor (1976–1978) 20/20 host (1984–2004) The View creator/co-host (1997–present) |
| Salary | $12 million (2007)[1] |
| Spouse | Robert Henry Katz (m.1955–1958; annulled) Lee Guber (m.1963–1976; divorced) Merv Adelson (m.1981–1984; divorced) Merv Adelson (m.1986–1992; divorced) |
| Children | 1 |
Barbara Jill Walters[2] (born September 25, 1929) is an American broadcast journalist, author, and television personality. She has hosted morning television shows (Today and The View), the television news magazine (20/20), former co-anchor of the ABC World News, and current contributor to ABC News.
Walters was first known as a popular TV morning news anchor for over 10 years on NBC's Today, where she worked with Hugh Downs and later hosts Frank McGee and Jim Hartz. Walters later spent 25 years as co-host of ABC's news magazine 20/20. She was the first female co-anchor of network evening news, working with Harry Reasoner on the ABC Evening News, and continuing as a contributor to the network news division and its flagship program, ABC World News.
In 1996, Walters was ranked #34 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Walters was born in 1929 in Boston, the daughter of Dena (née Seletsky) and Louis "Lou" Walters (born Louis Warmwater).[4] Her parents were both Jewish[5] and descendants of refugees from the former Russian Empire, now Eastern Europe.[6] Walters' paternal grandfather, Abraham Isaac, was from what is now Łódź, Poland, and first immigrated to England, changing his name first to Warmwater and later to Abraham Walters (the original family surname was Waremwasser).[6][7][8] Walters' father was born there c. 1894, and moved to the United States with his family in 1900.[9] In 1937, her father opened the New York version of the Latin Quarter; he also worked as a Broadway producer (he produced the Ziegfeld Follies of 1943).[10][11] He also was the Entertainment Director for the Tropicana Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he imported the "Folies Bergere" stage show from Paris to the resort's main showroom.[12] Walters' brother, Burton, died in 1932 of pneumonia.[13] Walters' elder sister, Jacqueline, was born mentally disabled[14] and died of ovarian cancer in 1985. She has another half sister, Walda Walters Anderson, born to a different mother.[citation needed]
According to Walters, being surrounded by celebrities when she was young kept her from being "in awe" of them.[14] When she was a young woman, Walters' father lost his nightclubs and the family's penthouse on Central Park West. As Walters recalled, "He had a breakdown. He went down to live in our house in Florida, and then the Government took the house, and they took the car, and they took the furniture." Of her mother, she said, "My mother should have married the way her friends did, to a man who was a doctor or who was in the dress business."[15]
After attending Ethical Culture Fieldston School and Birch Wathen Lenox School[16][17] private schools in New York City,[13] Walters graduated from Miami Beach High School in 1947. In 1951 she received a B.A. in English from Sarah Lawrence College.[18]
Career and accolades[link]
After a brief period as a publicist with Tex McCrary Inc. and a job as a writer at CBS News, Walters joined NBC's The Today Show as a writer and researcher in 1961.[14] She moved up to become that show's regular "Today Girl", handling lighter assignments and the weather. In her autobiography, she describes this era before the Women's Movement as a time when it was believed that nobody would take a woman seriously reporting "hard news". Previous "Today Girls" (whom Walters called "tea pourers") included Florence Henderson, Helen O'Connell, Estelle Parsons and Lee Meriwether.[19] Within a year she had become a reporter-at-large developing, writing, and editing her own reports and interviews.[14] When Frank McGee was named host, he refused to do joint interviews with Walters unless he was given the first four questions. She was not named co-host of the show until McGee's death in 1974, when NBC officially designated Walters as the program's first female co-host.
Walters has seldom minced words when describing the visible, on-the-air disdain her co-anchor, Harry Reasoner, displayed for her when she was teamed up with him on the ABC Evening News in 1976–78. Reasoner had a difficult relationship with Walters because he disliked having a co-anchor, even though he worked with former CBS colleague Howard K. Smith nightly on ABC for several years. In 1981, five years after the start of their short-lived ABC partnership and well after Reasoner returned to CBS News, Walters and her former co-anchor had a memorable (and cordial) 20/20 interview on the occasion of Reasoner's new book release.[citation needed]
Walters is also known for her years on the ABC newsmagazine 20/20 where she joined host Hugh Downs in 1979.[14] Throughout her career at ABC, Walters has appeared on ABC news specials as a commentator, including presidential inaugurations and the coverage of 9/11. She was also chosen to be the moderator for the third and final debate between candidates Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, held on the campus of the College of William and Mary at Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall in Williamsburg, Virginia, during the 1976 Presidential Election.[20] In 1984, she moderated a Presidential debate held at the Dana Center for the Humanities at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire.[21] Many of her regular and special programs are syndicated around the world. As of 2004, she is in semi-retirement as a broadcast journalist, but remains a correspondent for ABC News as well as a host of ABC's special programs.
Awards[link]
On June 14, 2007, Walters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She has won Daytime and Prime Time Emmy Awards, a Women in Film Lucy Award, and a GLAAD Excellence in Media award. Her impact on the popular culture is illustrated by Gilda Radner's "Baba Wawa" impersonation of her on Saturday Night Live,[14] featuring her idiosyncratic speech with its rounded "R". In 2008, she was honored with the Disney Legends award, an award given to those who made an outstanding contribution to The Walt Disney Company, which owns the network ABC. That same year, she received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the New York Women's Agenda. On September 21, 2009, Walters was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 30th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards at New York City's Lincoln Center.
Interviews[link]
On March 7, 2010, Barbara Walters announced she would no longer hold Oscar interviews, but will still be working with ABC and on her show, The View.[22]
In a November 2010 episode of The View, while interviewing Larry King on his retirement from CNN, Walters alluded to her impending retirement, stating, "I know when my time's coming."
Walters is known for "personality journalism" and her "scoop" interviews.[14] In November 1977, she achieved a joint interview with Egypt's President, Anwar Al Sadat, and Israel's Prime Minister, Menachem Begin. Her interviews with world leaders from all walks of life are a chronicle of the latter part of the 20th century.[14] They include the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his wife the Empress Farah Pahlavi; Russia's Boris Yeltsin; China's Jiang Zemin; the UK's Margaret Thatcher; Cuba's Fidel Castro, as well as India's Indira Gandhi, Václav Havel, Muammar al-Gaddafi, King Hussein of Jordan, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Bashar al-Assad president of Syria among many others. Other interviews with influential people include pop icon Michael Jackson, Katharine Hepburn, Anna Wintour, and in 1980 Laurence Olivier. Walters considered Dr. Robert Smithdas, a deaf-blind man who spent his life improving the life of other individuals who are deaf-blind, as her most inspirational interview.
Walters was widely lampooned in 1981 (and often since) for having posed the question, during an interview with actress Katharine Hepburn: "If you were a tree, what kind would you be?" But as she has often pointed out (and the video clips confirm) Hepburn initiated the discussion by saying that she would like to be a tree, and Walters merely followed up with the question, "What kind of a tree?"[14][23]
During a story about Cuban leader Fidel Castro, Walters claimed that "for Castro, freedom begins with education." Some critics[who?] point to her characterization of Castro as freedom-loving and argue that it painted an inaccurate picture of his government.[citation needed]
On March 3, 1999, her interview of Monica Lewinsky was seen by a record 74 million viewers, the highest rating ever for a journalist's interview. Walters asked Lewinsky, "What will you tell your children about this matter?" and Lewinsky replied, "I guess Mommy made some mistakes," at which point Walters brought the program to a dramatic conclusion, turning to the viewers, saying, "And that is the understatement of the year."
[edit] The View
Main article: The View (U.S. TV series)
Walters is a part-time host of the daytime talk show The View, of which she is also co-creator and co-executive producer with her business partner Bill Geddie.[14] Walters described the show in its original opening credits as a forum for women of "different generations, backgrounds, and views." She added, "Be careful what you wish for..." The show's current co-hosts are Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Sherri Shepherd. Previous co-hosts include Meredith Vieira, Lisa Ling, Rosie O'Donnell, Star Jones, and Debbie Matenopoulos.
In 2007 Barbara defended co-host O'Donnell about remarks the latter made against Donald Trump and the winner of the Miss USA pageant. Trump firmly responded by saying, "Barbara is off the list..."[24]
Personal life[link]
Walters has been married four times to three different men. "I'm convinced that you stay married when the sex is bad, only because you really want to be," she told The New York Times in 1996. "But I always had an out. I had this job, and this life and enough money. I didn't have to fight the bad days."[15] Her husbands were:
- Robert Henry Katz, a business executive and former Navy lieutenant. They married on June 20, 1955, at The Plaza Hotel in New York City. The marriage was reportedly annulled in 1958.[2][25]
- Lee Guber, theatrical producer and theater owner. They married on December 8, 1963, and divorced in 1976. They have one daughter, Jacqueline Dena Guber (born 1968, adopted the same year).
- Merv Adelson, the CEO of Lorimar Television. They married in 1981 and divorced in 1984 and were married again on May 10, 1986, and divorced in 1992.
She dated gay lawyer[26][27] Roy Cohn in college, and the lawyer said that he proposed marriage to Walters the night before her wedding to Lee Guber, but Walters denied this.[13] She explained her lifelong devotion to Cohn as gratitude for his help in her adoption of her daughter, Jacqueline.[28] In her autobiography, Walters says that Cohn got her father's warrant for "failure to appear" dismissed.[29]
Walters dated future U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in the 1970s,[30] and was linked romantically to United States Senator John Warner in the 1990s.[31]
In Walters's autobiography, Audition, she claimed that she had an affair in the 1970s with Edward Brooke, then a married United States Senator from Massachusetts. It is not clear whether Walters also was married at the time. Walters said that the affair ended to protect their careers from scandal.[32]
She announced on the May 10, 2010 episode of The View, that she would be undergoing open heart surgery to replace a faulty aortic valve. Walters added that she knew for quite a while that she was suffering from aortic valve stenosis, even though she was symptom-free. The procedure to fix the faulty heart valve "went well, and the doctors are very pleased with the outcome," Walters' spokeswoman, Cindi Berger, said in a statement on May 14, 2010.[33]
On July 9, 2010, it was announced that Walters would return to The View and her Sirius XM satellite show Here's Barbara in September 2010.[34][35]
Walters has been close friends with Fox News head Roger Ailes since the late 1960s.[36]
Books[link]
In the late 1960s, Walters wrote a magazine article, How to Talk to Practically Anyone About Practically Anything, which drew upon the kinds of things people said to her, which were often mistakes.[37] Shortly after the article appeared, she received a letter from Doubleday expressing interest in expanding it into a book. Walters felt that it would help "tongue-tied, socially awkward people — the many people who worry that they can't think of the right thing to say to start a conversation."[37] She published the book in 1970, with the assistance of ghostwriter June Callwood.[38] To Walters' great surprise, the book was a phenomenon. As of 2008, it had gone through eight printings, sold hundreds of thousands of copies worldwide, and had been translated into at least 6 different languages.[37]
In 2008, she published her autobiography, Audition: A Memoir.
Awards and nominations[link]
- 1975 Award for Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host (Today)
- 1998 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 1998 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 1999 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 1999 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2000 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2000 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2001 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2001 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2002 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2002 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2003 Award for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2003 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2004 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2004 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2005 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2005 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2006 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2006 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2007 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2007 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2008 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2008 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2009 Award for Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host (The View) (with Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Sherri Shepherd)
- 2010 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2009 Award for Best Talk Series (The View)
- 2010 Nomination for Best Talk Series
Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Award
- 1998 Lucy Award in recognition of her excellence and innovation in her creative works that have enhanced the perception of women through the medium of television.[39]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Barbara Walters". Forbes.com. 2007. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/53/07celebrities_Barbara-Walters_O4HQ.html. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ a b "Miss Walters engaged". The New York Times: p. 96. 1955-05-01.
- ^ "Special Collectors' Issue: 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time". TV Guide (December 14–20). 1996.
- ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, April 1, 2012
- ^ Quinn, Sally (2006-12-22). "Television Personality Looks Anew At Religion". Washington Post/Newsweek. http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/guestvoices/2006/12/television_personality_looks_a.html. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
- ^ a b Walters, Barbara (2008). Audition: A Memoir. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 7–13. ISBN 978-0-307-26646-0.
- ^ http://www.npr.org/2012/03/23/149222907/helping-celebrities-find-their-roots
- ^ http://sfluxe.com/2012/03/21/owen-tv-celebrities-trace-their-genealogy-on-finding-your-roots/
- ^ Ancestry of Barbara Walters. Genealogy.com (2002-03-22). Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ "Lou Walters, Nightclub Impresario and Founder of Latin Quarter, Dies". The New York Times. 1977-08-16. p. 36.
- ^ Lou Walters at Internet Broadway Database
- ^ Tropicana – Las Vegas Strip. A2zlasvegas.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ a b c James Conaway, "How to talk with Barbara Walters about practically anything," The New York Times, 10 September 1972, page SM40, 43–44
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stated in interview at Inside the Actors Studio
- ^ a b Elisabeth Bumiller, "So Famous, Such Clout, She Could Interview Herself", The New York Times, April 21, 1996, page H1
- ^ Can Barbara Walters's Career Survive Rosie and Donald's War?- New York Magazine. Nymag.com (2007-03-05). Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ Dowd, Maureen (1990-03-25). "And Now Back To You, Barbara". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2D71531F936A15750C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "WALTERS, BARBARA: U.S. Broadcast Journalist". museum.tv. http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/W/htmlW/waltersbarb/waltersbarb.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ Audition, pp. 107–114
- ^ CNN: 1976 Presidential Debates. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Allen, Nick (2010-03-07). "Barbara Walters to host last Oscars special amid 'overexposure' of stars". Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group Limited 2010). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/7393741/Barbara-Walters-to-host-last-Oscars-special-amid-overexposure-of-stars.html. Retrieved 2010-03-08.
- ^ Kate the Great, The Katharine Hepburn Forum – The Barbara Walters Interview Retrieved 2008-05-10[unreliable source?]
- ^ "Trump Says Barbara's Off "The List"". CBS News. 2007-03-27.
- ^ "Katz—Walters", The New York Times, June 21, 1955, page 36
- ^ Miller, Neil (2005). Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. Advocate Books. pp. Ch. 18. ISBN 1-55583-870-7. http://www2.english.uiuc.edu/finnegan/English%20256/Miller.htm.
- ^ Wolfe, Tom (April 3, 1988). "Dangerous Obsessions". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE6D9163BF930A35757C0A96E948260&sec=&pagewanted=print.
- ^ Jerry Oppenheimer (1990), Barbara Walters: An Unauthorized Biography, St. Martin's Press
- ^ Wiegand, David (2008-05-05). "Barbara Walters gets personal. This time, she's candid about her own life.". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/05/DDTU10H1P9.DTL.
- ^ Terry Keenan (2007-09-23). "LISTEN TO SHILLER, NOT THE TV SHILLS". The New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/09232007/business/listen_to_shiller__not_the_tv_.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Barbara Walters". NNDb. 2007. http://www.nndb.com/people/440/000023371. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Barbara Walters: I had affair with U.S. senator", Associated Press, May 1, 2008
- ^ Associated Press (14 May 2010). "Barbara Walters' heart valve surgery 'went well'". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2010/05/14/barbara_walters_heart_valve_surgery_went_well/. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "Making Moves: Thursday, July 8, 2010". Radio-Info.com. July 8, 2010. http://www.radio-info.com/news/making-moves-thursday-july-8-2010.
- ^ "Barbara Walters Returns to Media Hosting Her Weekly SIRIUS XM Radio Show on July 12". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Barbara-Walters-Returns-to-prnews-1477182584.html?x=0&.v=1.
- ^ Fehrman, Craig (2011-01-21) When Roger Ailes was honest about what he does, Salon.com
- ^ a b c Audition: A Memoir, pp. 186–9
- ^ June Callwood interview by Patrick Watson, September 21, 1979 Retrieved 18 October 2009.
- ^ Past Recipients. Wif.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
External links[link]
| Find more about Barbara Walters on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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- Barbara Walters at the Internet Movie Database
- ABC News' "Time Tunnel" page containing clips of numerous newscasts on which Walters appeared
- Excerpts from 2008 autobiography, Audition: A Memoir
- Barbara Walters Archive of American Television Interview
| Media offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Maureen O'Sullivan |
Today Girl 1964 |
Succeeded by Position abolished Female co-host precedent set by Barbara Walters |
| Preceded by John Chancellor |
Today Show Host June 13, 1966 – June 4, 1976 Hugh Downs and herself 1966–1971 Frank McGee and herself 1971–1974 Jim Hartz and herself 1974–1976 |
Succeeded by Tom Brokaw and Jane Pauley |
| Preceded by Harry Reasoner |
ABC Evening News Anchor Co-anchor with Harry Reasoner 1976–1978 |
Succeeded by Frank Reynolds, Max Robinson, and Peter Jennings |
| Preceded by Hugh Downs As sole host |
20/20 Host 1979–2004 Hugh Downs and herself 1979–1999 Solo 1999–2002 John Miller and herself 1/2002–1/2003 John Stossel and herself 2002–2004 |
Succeeded by Elizabeth Vargas and John Stossel |
| Preceded by None |
The View co-host 1997–present |
Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Walters, Barbara Jill |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Journalist, television news anchor and talk show host |
| Date of birth | 1929-09-25 |
| Place of birth | Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
