- published: 11 Feb 2011
- views: 2456
- author: whitmancollege
50:28
HIST 180 Lecture 8: Collapse of the Late Bronze Age: 1200-1100 BCE
Ethan Spanier, Visiting Assistant Professor at Whitman College. HIST 180, Spring 2011....
published: 11 Feb 2011
author: whitmancollege
HIST 180 Lecture 8: Collapse of the Late Bronze Age: 1200-1100 BCE
Ethan Spanier, Visiting Assistant Professor at Whitman College. HIST 180, Spring 2011.
- published: 11 Feb 2011
- views: 2456
- author: whitmancollege
43:51
Secrets of the aegean apocalypse
"The foreign countries (ie. Sea Peoples) made a conspiracy in their islands. All at once t...
published: 02 Aug 2011
author: Zorro11144
Secrets of the aegean apocalypse
"The foreign countries (ie. Sea Peoples) made a conspiracy in their islands. All at once the lands were removed and scattered in the fray. No land could stand before their arms: from Hatti, Qode, Carchemish, Arzawa and Alashiya on, being cut off [ie. destroyed] at one time. A camp was set up in Amurru. They desolated its people, and its land was like that which has never come into being. They were coming forward toward Egypt, while the flame was prepared before them. Their confederation was the Peleset, Tjeker, Shekelesh, Denyen and Weshesh, lands united..." (Egyptian inscription from the mortuary temple of Ramesses III in Medinet Habu)
- published: 02 Aug 2011
- views: 161491
- author: Zorro11144
59:54
In search of the Trojan war - Empire of the Hittites
In search of the Trojan war - Empire of the Hittites 5/6...
published: 14 Aug 2011
author: Zorro11144
In search of the Trojan war - Empire of the Hittites
In search of the Trojan war - Empire of the Hittites 5/6
- published: 14 Aug 2011
- views: 48334
- author: Zorro11144
4:29
History of Canaan- Part III
In this part we see how Canaan recovered in the Iron Age after the Bronze Age collapse. We...
published: 11 Oct 2011
author: CanaaniteSoul
History of Canaan- Part III
In this part we see how Canaan recovered in the Iron Age after the Bronze Age collapse. We see how the Canaanites were divided into two groups: the northern 'coastal' Canaanites, and the southern 'mountainous' Canaanites. We see how two seperate, though related, cultures developed at this time, and we also see the founding of Israel.
- published: 11 Oct 2011
- views: 348
- author: CanaaniteSoul
9:28
Ritual and Worship at Knossos (Minoan Bronze Age)
This movie presents scenes of worship at Knossos and other sacred sites of the Minoan Bron...
published: 13 May 2010
author: LadyoftheLabyrinth
Ritual and Worship at Knossos (Minoan Bronze Age)
This movie presents scenes of worship at Knossos and other sacred sites of the Minoan Bronze Age with the following themes: 1. Shrines, 2. Priestesses wielding the power of the Goddess, 3. Men worshipping the Goddess, 3. Ceremonial processions, 4. Invoking the Goddess and private prayers, 5. Ritual dances, 6. Rites of Initiation, 7. The Holy Chalice drinking ritual. The Minoan culture was a Bronze Age civilization in the Aegean ocean that emerged on Crete during the 27th century BC and came to dominate surrounding islands such as Thera (Santorini), Mycenea and numerous others. Their religion originated in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia, and religious symbolism show a strong connection to Stone Age civilizations in Greece and Anatolia (present day Turkey), such as Catal Höyuk and Hacilar. Their religion was centered around the worship of a Great Goddess and women were as powerful as men (if not more). Their civilization was peaceful and highly prosperous and wielded great political, spiritual and economic power in the Eastern Mediterranean, as the Minoans dominated the oceans. They maintained a strong exchange of trade and ideas with Egypt and the Middle East (Sumer, Assyria etc), yet were different from these cultures insofar as they kept internal peace and somehow also managed to keep the peace with their surrounding cultures that had become more warlike and hierarchic. The myth of King Minos is just that a myth, as recent research has shown that there was no king at ...
- published: 13 May 2010
- views: 12223
- author: LadyoftheLabyrinth
10:02
Santorini Mega Tsunami - Evidence from Kos?
In the field with Simon Haslett, Professor of Physical Geography at the University of Wale...
published: 12 Aug 2010
author: ProfSimonHaslett
Santorini Mega Tsunami - Evidence from Kos?
In the field with Simon Haslett, Professor of Physical Geography at the University of Wales, Newport, and his initial examination of field evidence from the Greek island of Kos regarding the controversial theory that a mega tsunami was generated by the catastrophic eruption of the volcanic island of Santorini in the Aegean Sea, in the eastern Mediterranean, during the Late Bronze Age around 3500 years ago. It is known that the Minoan civilization of Crete collapsed around this time, which is usually attributed to the Santorini eruption and a resulting tsunami, but is there evidence that a mega tsunami actually occurred? Further Reading: SK Haslett, 2008. Coastal Systems (2nd Edition). Routledge, London (see section 2.2.2); D. Dominey-Howes, 2004. A re-analysis of the Late Bronze Age eruption and tsunami of Santorini, Greece, and the implications for the volcano-tsunami hazard. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 130, pp. 107-132. Location: coast and inland between Marmari and Tigaki, Kos, Greece.
- published: 12 Aug 2010
- views: 5310
- author: ProfSimonHaslett
7:41
Mycenae - War without Peace (Opening Scene)
3260 years ago, in Late Bronze Age, Troy fell after a ten-year-long siege. Agamemnon, King...
published: 24 May 2010
author: Autumnbreeze3000
Mycenae - War without Peace (Opening Scene)
3260 years ago, in Late Bronze Age, Troy fell after a ten-year-long siege. Agamemnon, King of the city-state of Mycenae, hurried home victorious, carrying with him great treasures & the enslaved Trojan princess, Cassandra. His wife, Klytemnestra & his cousin Aegisthus, who had ruled Mycenae for the 10 years of his absence, awaited him with a welcome he did not expect. All the facts and reconstructions in the movie are based on Homeric poems and archeological evidence. They include a reconstructed palatial meeting hall (megaron), a boar-tusk helmet and the fashion of the day. Epic poems sung by the blind poet, Homer, 2800 years ago, are part of the sound track
- published: 24 May 2010
- views: 5410
- author: Autumnbreeze3000
7:31
Africans in Ancient Greek Art
Tales of Ethiopia as a mythical land at the farthest edges of the earth are recorded in so...
published: 03 Nov 2011
author: Omar Sangiovanni
Africans in Ancient Greek Art
Tales of Ethiopia as a mythical land at the farthest edges of the earth are recorded in some of the earliest Greek literature of the eighth century BC, including the epic poems of Homer. Greek gods and heroes, like Menelaos, were believed to have visited this place on the fringes of the known world. However, long before Homer, the seafaring civilization of Bronze Age Crete, known today as Minoan, established trade connections with Egypt. The Minoans may have first come into contact with Africans at Thebes, during the periodic bearing of tribute to the pharaoh. In fact, paintings in the tomb of Rekhmire, dated to the fourteenth century BC, depict African and Aegean peoples, most likely Nubians and Minoans. However, with the collapse of the Minoan and Mycenaean palaces at the end of the Late Bronze Age, trade connections with Egypt and the Near East were severed as Greece entered a period of impoverishment and limited contact
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 1264
- author: Omar Sangiovanni
78:20
Keros: Rethinking the Cycladic Early Bronze Age by Professor Colin Renfrew
Professor Colin Renfrew, Senior Research Fellow, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Res...
published: 11 Feb 2009
author: pennmuseum
Keros: Rethinking the Cycladic Early Bronze Age by Professor Colin Renfrew
Professor Colin Renfrew, Senior Research Fellow, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at Cambridge University, discusses recent excavations on the Cycladic island of Keros. These excavations have revealed the site of Dhaskalio Kavos as a place of numerous ritual offerings, dating to the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2500 BC). The quality and quantity of painted pottery, stone vessels, and marble sculptures, which were deliberately broken in the course of religious practice before systematically deposited here, provides fresh insight into Early Cycladic life and ritual. Sponsored by the Institute for Aegean Prehistory—INSTAP.
- published: 11 Feb 2009
- views: 4589
- author: pennmuseum
48:59
Wild Europe 3 of 4 Taming The Wild
The third programme explores the growing influence of people on the land. After the last i...
published: 11 Feb 2012
author: bratanciprian
Wild Europe 3 of 4 Taming The Wild
The third programme explores the growing influence of people on the land. After the last ice age, Europe's mild climate and virgin forests attracted human and animal immigrants, including moose, bear, deer and wild boar. The agreeable climate also attracted immigrant farmers from Mesopotamia to the eastern Mediterranean, and reliable food supplies encouraged permanent settlement. By 3000 BC, civilization had spread to western megalithic sites such as Stonehenge and Carnac. Bronze Age Europeans discovered the smelting process, leading to a period of conflict and conquest over valuable metal ores. The Roman Empire was born, and a massive road-building enterprise ensued, enabling a flow of trade, livestock, ideas and culture. A sudden cooling of the climate may have precipitated its collapse. In the Middle Ages, cultures such as the Vikings were influenced by the land and the sea, while in southern Spain the Moors introduced new irrigation canals. A fresh onslaught on Europe's forests supplied timber for boat-building, housing and fuel. Rats brought the Black Death into Europe's new towns and cities, killing half the human population. It would be 250 years before the numbers recovered, but this allowed wildlife some breathing space. The medieval voyages of discovery brought new plants and animals to the continent, including the potato. The Industrial Revolution made Europe rich, but at great cost to its natural resources. The birth of tourism encouraged a new appreciation of ...
- published: 11 Feb 2012
- views: 18379
- author: bratanciprian
10:12
Islamic Theology and Liberal Replacement Theology vs Christian Zionism (Part 1)
This video was produced by the "Hal Lindsey Report" www.hallindsey.com Christian Zionism i...
published: 01 Feb 2012
author: Megiddo2012
Islamic Theology and Liberal Replacement Theology vs Christian Zionism (Part 1)
This video was produced by the "Hal Lindsey Report" www.hallindsey.com Christian Zionism is a belief among true Christians that the return of the Jews to the Holy Land, and the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, is in accordance with Biblical prophecy. It overlaps with, but is distinct from, the nineteenth century movement for the Restoration of the Jews to the Holy Land, True Christian Zionists believe that the "ingathering" of Jews in Israel is a prerequisite for the Second Coming of Jesus. This belief is primarily, though not exclusively, associated with Christian Dispensationalism. The idea that Christians should actively support a Jewish return to the Land of Israel, along with the parallel idea that the Jews ought to be encouraged to become Christian, as a means fulfilling a Biblical prophecy has been common in Protestant circles since the Reformation. Christian Zionists believe that the people of Israel are the chosen people of God, along with the ingrafted Gentile Christians [Romans 11:17-24] This has the added effect of turning Christian Zionists into supporters of Jewish Zionism. The Exodus is the departure of the Israelites from ancient Egypt described in the Hebrew Bible. The departure from Egypt described in the Book of Exodus; more widely, it takes in the subsequent law-givings and wanderings in the wilderness between Egypt and Canaan described in the books of Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The extant narrative is a product of the late exilic ...
- published: 01 Feb 2012
- views: 554
- author: Megiddo2012
8:10
Hidden Histories: Boom and Bust (How We Have and Will Survive!)
Welcome to Hidden Histories. In this series, we take a closer look at the world around us ...
published: 23 Feb 2012
author: Archaeos0up
Hidden Histories: Boom and Bust (How We Have and Will Survive!)
Welcome to Hidden Histories. In this series, we take a closer look at the world around us and explore the hidden depths of our shared history. Today we examine how we have and will survive harsh economic times.
- published: 23 Feb 2012
- views: 450
- author: Archaeos0up
73:41
Earthquakes and Archeology - Amos Nur (SETI Talks)
SETI Talks Archive: seti.org 'Earthquakes and Archaeology' is an emerging field with impac...
published: 25 Jun 2009
author: setiinstitute
Earthquakes and Archeology - Amos Nur (SETI Talks)
SETI Talks Archive: seti.org 'Earthquakes and Archaeology' is an emerging field with impact on both earthquake science and archaeological and historical studies. It has been controversial as archaeologists and historians have traditionally rejected earthquakes as an important agent. But now with the advent of plate tectonics and modern instrumentation, this controversy is subsiding as we begin to offer answers to some key questions in both disciplines: Some Significant Geophysics Questions: 1. Time/space pre-instrumental patterns of large earthquakes. 2. Maximum earthquake magnitude, maximum rupture length, etc. 3. One big event or several smaller ones? Some Significant Archaeological Questions: 1. Why so many ruins? 2. Why so many layers/levels of destruction? [Knossos-10, Jericho-22, Armageddon-30, Troy-45]. 3. Who buried the Dead Sea Scrolls? 4. The nature of regional destructions and system collapse. A specific example Professor Nur will focus on is the catastrophic end of the bronze age @1200BC.
- published: 25 Jun 2009
- views: 1937
- author: setiinstitute
3:24
History of Canaan- Part II
The epic journey through time continues. This time we see the Canaanites through the whole...
published: 09 Oct 2011
author: CanaaniteSoul
History of Canaan- Part II
The epic journey through time continues. This time we see the Canaanites through the whole Bronze Age, the arrival of the Egyptian and Hittite Empires, and the collapse of Canaan. Music is from The Mummy.
- published: 09 Oct 2011
- views: 513
- author: CanaaniteSoul
Vimeo results:
1:14
Absolute Body Control
Epopoeia of the Food and Drink of the United States (A Dream in Hell)
1
Beautiful like a ...
published: 08 Sep 2010
author: soonaspossible
Absolute Body Control
Epopoeia of the Food and Drink of the United States (A Dream in Hell)
1
Beautiful like a baby calf is the song of chicken fried with batter,
the long red and white picnic tablecloth is finer than the finest lady’s legs, the finest thing there is to embark upon a heaping bowl of coleslaw,
shrimp from the gulf coast are delicious, gushing with wine as if feeling,
like honey mussels, in Redmond or Olympia, harvested by fishwives, in the seaweed,
and the glory of banjos in Baton Rouge, their juices course through them like
ageless autumn lemons,
like mom's fragrant pot pie, chocked full of juicy stew, widens the gullet,
and, baked, cries out blooming peach tree blossoms.
2
What would you say to some barbecue ribs, burning hot
grilled on a charcoal fire in June on the banks of a man made lake,
pines or cedar trees that sum up the dramatic atmosphere of a
damp sunset at Lake Lanier or Stone Mountain,
or to a clam chowder, whose name is inextricably related to Manhattan or
Rhode Island or New England?
No, you hunt quail and you grill it, just like you hear honky-tonk or stars and stripes
at the feet of Mount Rushmore, and fried catfish along the Chattahoochee
where it leaps into the sacred sizzling skillet, superbly fine
river fish, makes fishing boats rich while the sisters Lee,
as if in pain, sweat what's human and divine on the grand antique family fiddle.
3
Tremendous turkeys that smell like summer, almost human, autumn shades of
walnut or chestnut, I eat them everywhere, and in D.C. I kiss them,
like the vats where barley sighs like the prettiest girl in Jersey
raising her skirt underneath the lights of the big apple, same
as the roof off of a block party with streamers and flags where we drink in red plastic cups
a substantial whiskey and beer,
or the love mattress, upon which we set sail and sighing face each other and
the night’s tremendous oceans, into whose horrible darkness,
black and tenacious flows the bloody calla lily,
or the teardrop that falls in our moths as we joyfully sing.
4
Napa Valley wine is enormous and dark in the California sunset, and when
it's in your blood, nostalgia
and the apology to heroism sing in the wheels of spurs to
the beast’s hide, dancing to the fundamental tune of backwater rapids
against the frothy red glare.
5
Nicely aged bourbon bellows in its cellars like a great sacred cow,
and St. Louis will be golden, like a rib-eye on the grill, all over
the bloodied paths towards Oklahoma, autumn's
guitar will weep like a soldier's widow,
and we'll remember everything we didn’t do and could have and
should have and wanted to, like a madman
staring down a town's abandoned well,
watching, ear shattering, the engines of youth rev down dawn's
wide gust
crumbling like memories in the abyss.
6
The saddle glows all across the Midwest, mountain range to mountain range, booming like a great combine with its 20 foot span, booming
like a cow auctioneer or a righteous pastor or tornado season,
lasso raised up against the sky
on top of a guffaw, a hyuck or a yeehaw, splashed with sun and hard work, where manure perfumes dung heaps like a domestic god, with tremendous balls like a widow.
7
A mighty log cabin with its open yard, apple trees, front porch
scented with remote antiquity,
where the bootlegger and his still would sing, drop by drop, a sense of eternity into
the water, recalling old ancestors with its tremulous pendulum,
exists, same as in Madison as in Franklin or Fairview or Springfield,
although it’s the little town of Hodgenville Kentucky that most proudly proclaims the wooden troughs or pig iron pots, wide open spaces, the Appalachians, the original wild west, civil war and emancipation, in little log cabins,
from Tennessee to Ohio, who express it proudly in tremendous language, eating ears of pigs eating ears of corn.
8
Because, if it's necessary to stuff yourself with hot dogs in a Detroit Coney before dying,
on a rainy day, blessed with a strawberry milkshake from fresh upstate dairy, and smoke, bathing in conversation, friends and the munchies, launching yourself into terrible leaps and bounds, blubbering, savoring the booming chili in spoonfuls and fries,
it's also necessary to get your meat from the Kansas City stockyards in March, when the pigs
look like televangelists and the televangelists look like swine or hippopotamus,
and wash the food down with some fiery sips from a short glass,
yes... in Dallas or Fort Worth the corn tortillas look like the local ladies: wide white waists and sleepy half moon eyes, since, ticklish and cuddly,
they turn their faces, and let themselves be kissed, unendingly on either end.
9
And the chit'lins, swimming and searing in broth and tabasco, and the cornbread that moaned in broiling bacon fat, is blessed where thunder rolls in wide whips, along the Mississippi,between one drink and the next,
but it never surpasses a gamy partridge, savored in the dry underbrush of July,
in t
28:52
THE ADVENTURES OF A NOBODY
One from the swinemagazine archive.
The Adventures of a Nobody
The call came in...
published: 20 Aug 2011
author: Saddle Sore
THE ADVENTURES OF A NOBODY
One from the swinemagazine archive.
The Adventures of a Nobody
The call came in on the Motorola flip thing - one of them first models that weighed a ton. 'Get your self a transit van and get yourself down to the smoke'. So six hours later I was in the smoke hooking up with Gerry 'Dog Cum' - He got his nick name from obviously being on the receiving end of some mutts love juice, the mutt being a mates staff which was asleep on the couch having a wet dream when Gerry got in it's firing line. He had a jet ski that needed delivering to Ibiza - without going into specifics some sweaty had a debt with the lads and had his jet ski confiscated and with the lads needing a play thing for their summer chilling out on Sellinas beach, I cop for a free holiday.
With my pockets bulging with jock twenties (exies given to me by Dog Cum) I was off in the van with only a small Sony tape machine on the front seat and three tapes for company, oh and of course a jet ski in the back. The three tapes were:
1) The Flying Teapot - Gong. For those scary night-time speeding in the fast lane motorway drives. There is nothing better for getting the adrenaline pumping than trying to dodge your way through the wagons and their spray, whilst descending down over the Massif Central into Montpelier at 120kmph in the pitch black in the middle of a relentless thunder storm, in a van with balding tyres and grinding brakes, with the wipers on full whack and visibility still down to zero thanks to the steamed up windscreen, with "I am, you are, we are crazy" pumping on the stereo. I think Fergie refers to it as squeaky bum time.
2) Rubber Soul - side A, Revolver - side B Beatles tape. For those picking up some female hitchhiker type drives. They're a great ice-breaker the Beatles, everyone loves them especially foreigners. So you can while away the first hour or so after picking the victim...errr...I mean passenger up, by chatting the usual fab four fables "me mother went to school with Paul McCartney and me dad fixed Ringo's Ford Zephyr once... honest to god la" before you get on to more important issues like "If you let me in your knickers I'll promise to take you all the way to Marrakech" before they do a runner at the next toilet stop .
3) And some Italiano piano house mix conundrum kindly donated by Dog Cum, for those cruising around built up areas, wolf whistling the skirt with the windows down and the system up, for full on white van man mode type drives.
With my cranium a little worse for wear thanks to the Tequila slammers me and Dog Cum twatted the previous night In Break for the Border on Argyll Street and the jazz funk rollie I had for breakfast before departing, I got lost. Basically I had the mother of all whities and ended up going the wrong way on the M25 and before I knew it, It seemed easier to go to Harwich and catch the ferry to Holland instead of driving to Dover and catching the ferry to France (it was one hell of a whitie I tell thee). It was no hard ship really It just added a few extra milage to the jaunt and the ferry ride taking all night instead of just an hour and a half. With bars, cabarets and casinos to entertain me on board I thought I had made the right decision. On being woken up by the boats address system at 7 o'clock the next morning telling me to disembark, I knew I had made the wrong decision. My head felt as though all its brain juice had been vaporised by the presence of a killer axe in the head migraine, as it screamed 'GET ME SOME H2O YOU BASTARD'. My last memory of the night was crawling to my cabin on my hands and knees after downing shots of gin and vodka with a long haired biker from Birmingham, who I annoyingly kept calling Boon even though he kept reminding me his name was Ray and his fat arsed leather clad misses called Tina .(I was deffo on for a 3some until I collapsed off the bar stool)
I quickly got my bag and fucked off into the bowels of the boat to search for my van. As I rolled off the ferry I joined a queue of traffic fronted at the head by what I thought was just the Dutch immigration. On closer inspection it turned out to be not only the passport militia, but just the other side of their barrier there was a few Dutch plod randomly tuggin' drivers and giving them a Breathalyzer test. SHIT! A few hours previous I had been doing my Georgie Best impression with Fat Arse and Boon, how was I going to swerve this one? Luckily for me the plod were to busy with a gang of English louts in a mini-bus to take any notice of me as I wobbled past. I purchased a map and planned my route over a ouitmeister (Dutch ham and cheese omelette) breakfast at a near by cafe. Brussels, Paris, Barca then ferry over to I-bye, easy peasy lemon squeezie.
Not so, the Brussels ring was a 'mare and took hours. Paris wasn't too bad as I just skirted around the bottom on my way heading south. The problem started when I was becoming tired and was looking for
23:04
Vandalusia and the Vandals of North Africa
The greatest achievement of Rome was not art or science or civilised values - it was propa...
published: 04 Jun 2010
author: Yunus Yunani
Vandalusia and the Vandals of North Africa
The greatest achievement of Rome was not art or science or civilised values - it was propaganda.
In fact, we so completely bought into admiration for the Roman Empire and a contempt for the barbarians that 2000 years after Rome's collapse was still being peddled their version of the past at school.
Somehow - from beyond the grave - Rome managed to pull off the most audacious con-trick in history.
How did they do it?
Well the answer's tied up in the Sack of Rome and the end of the Roman Empire in Europe.
Rome wasn't finished yet; that would be the job of the barbarians whose name has gone down in history as a by-word for wanton destruction.
The Vandals.
But Vandal didn't always this connotation.
Vandal or "Wandali" originally meant "wanderers"/
It was fear of the Huns that launched their great migration in midwinter 406.
Tens of thousands of them crossed the frozen Rhine into Gaul.
They were not a warlike people and once they were over the river a third of them would be slaughtered by the local inhabitants.
Their king was killed but his baby son survived.
Geiseric would spend his childhood as a refugee in this wandering band of desperate people.
As tens of thousands of them moved through Gaul looking for somewhere to settle, the sheer numbers provoked violence.
So much violence that it was said that the whole of Gaul became a funeral pyre.
They were attacked by Romans, then Visigoths, then Romans and Visigoths together.
Eventually the Vandals ended up in southern Spain, in Andalusia, which is possibly named after them.
Vandalusia.
By 428, Geiseric was the undisputed leader.
He seems to have been a formidable man.
For example, when a certain princess committed adultery, he had her ears and nose cut off.
I don't think I'd have liked him particularly.
I don't think the Romans did either.
The reason was nothing to do with his alleged savagery but with his religion.
You see Geiseric was a Christian.
But wait a minute, you said the Romans were Christians and that's true.
But Geiseric's problem was that he was the wrong sort of Christian.
In fact, his sort of Christianity was considered worse than paganism by Rome.
It was so evil that the Empire had expressed outlawed it as a criminal heresy.
The version of Christianity adopted by Geiseric and his people was not Catholicism, it was Arianism.
Now the Arians believed that since Jesus is the son of God he must somehow be subordinate to God the father whereas the Catholics said they were both equal in status.
Now this may seem like a very minor point of divergence but it became a bitter conflict.
Catholicism said that Jesus was identical with God - that rubbed off on the Emperor ... Jesus - Emperor ... Emperor - Jesus.
Just like that.
Both represented God on Earth.
Both - according to the Romans - were infallible.
Peter Heller explained - that in Roman hands - the new faith became more than a path to righteousness.
"The Roman state make this claim about itself that it is put in place here by the Divinity.
"The Emperor is God's right-hand man on earth.
"Now if you buy into the Emperor's version of Christianity then you should be subservient to him that's what that ideology tells you.
So for going for a Christian ideology but not the State-sponsored one you are making a clear statement that you are an alternative power-structure and that you are not completely subordinate to the Imperial Power."
Geiseric certainly did not want to be subordinate to Imperial Power.
After a lifetime of being hunted and persecuted he hated Rome and since Catholicism was now identified with the Empire he hated that too.
Even here in Spain, the Empire would not let him settle.
Spain didn't suit Guiseric one bit.
For starters his people were constantly being attacked and secondly he wasn't recognised by Rome.
He must have looked longingly across the straits to northern Africa.
Perhaps beyond the sea he and his people could find a part of the Roman Empire where they could settle.
Rome thought of the Mediterranean as its own property - they called it "Our Sea" (Mare Nostrum) and it was illegal even to teach a barbarian how to sail.
But Guiseric had a vision of himself as the new Moses, leading his people away from the Pharaoh in Rome.
He couldn't part the sea but he would embark on a huge project building hundreds of boats to transport an entire nation.
In the summer of 429 they crossed the Straits of Gibraltar to North Africa.
80,000 people packed on a flotilla of small boats.
Their crossing was so unexpected that it was virtually unopposed.
Which is odd because North Africa was the last place that Rome wanted to be over-run by barbarians.
Why? Because North Africa was fertile and it was very rich; the most Romanised province in the West outside Italy.
Rome had been unopposed in this part of the world for more than 500 years.
This is just one of the many magnificent cities that flourished here in Roman North Africa.
Then it was ca
5:48
The French Ambassador, Greece, opening event
L'ambassadeur de France en Greece, M.Christophe Farnaud | Opening event
This exhibition h...
published: 07 Dec 2011
author: The M.T. Abraham Foundation
The French Ambassador, Greece, opening event
L'ambassadeur de France en Greece, M.Christophe Farnaud | Opening event
This exhibition has many firsts. It is the first time that Degas’ sculptures are exhibited in Greece, the first time that all seventy-four sculptures are presented together, the visitors will have the opportunity to travel back in time.
When gazing upon these extraordinary sculptures, it is hard to imagine that not a single Degas bronze was ever cast during the artist’s lifetime. Every bronze in every museum, and in every other public and private collection around the world, was cast after the artist’s death. Edgar Degas, who was born on July 19, 1834, began sculpting in the late 1850s. While the original sculptures he made are commonly referred to as his “waxes,” they were primarily made of a soft modeling clay known as plasteline, which Degas frequently mixed with beeswax. These materials remained malleable and gave him the flexibility he needed to rework his original waxes over long periods of time. He took great pleasure in experimenting, and continued to do so in an attempt to capture the perfect form. These were very personal intimate objects.
The artist only allowed one sculpture to be exhibited. It was the original wax of his most important sculpture, La Petite Danseuse de Quatorze Ans (The Little Dancer, Age Fourteen. The wax of the Little Dancer was shown in 1881 in the Sixth Impressionist Exhibition in Paris. It was radically modern and received mixed critical reviews. In L’Art Moderne, Joris-Karl Huysmans, wrote: “At once refined and barbarous with her ingenious costume and her colored flesh, which palpitates, furrowed by the work of the muscles, this statuette is the only truly modern attempt I know of in sculpture.”
Others saw it differently. In L’Exposition des Indépendants, Paul Mantz stated: “The piece is completed, and let’s admit it right away, the result is almost frightening.” He continues: “May it please heaven that my daughter does not become a dancer.“ Elie de Mont was even more cynical. In La Civilisation, she wrote: “This opera rat has something about her of the monkey, the shrimp, the runt. Any smaller and one would be tempted to enclose her in a jar of alcohol.”
Discouraged by public reaction and the hostility of critics, Degas never exhibited another sculpture for the rest of his life. Degas died on September 27, 1917. Shortly after his death, the artist’s dealer Paul Durand-Ruel (1831-1922), who was an executor of his estate, and the noted dealer Ambroise Vollard (1865-1939), who was also a close friend of the artist, found about one hundred fifty of Degas’ original sculptures scattered throughout the three floors of his apartment and studio at 6, Boulevard de Clichy in Montmartre,5 Paris’ 9th arrondissement. Most were wax. There were also a few sculptures in plaster and some in clay (presumably terra cotta).
Based on various accounts, some had undeveloped or incomplete forms, others had broken parts beyond repair, while many had collapsed or sagged on their armatures. Durand-Ruel and Vollard determined eighty of them -- seventy-four of the waxes, four clays and two plasters -- were well-formed, complete and in a good state of preservation. They were inventoried as part of the artist’s estate. The other seventy were apparently discarded.
The artist’s heirs contacted Adrien-Aurelin Hébrard (1865-1937), the owner of the Paris foundry, A.-A. Hébrard et Cie (the “Hébrard Foundry”), hoping to cast bronzes. From the eighty which were inventoried, the heirs and Hébrard decided to have bronzes made from seventy-two of the waxes and from the two plasters. The remaining six inventoried works were most likely duplicates, or so similar it would have been difficult to distinguish one sculpture from another.
On May 13, 1918, the contract between Degas’ heirs and Hébrard was signed whereby the foundry was to cast twenty-two bronzes from each of those seventy-two waxes and the two plasters. Each was assigned an individual inventory number by the foundry, and today each is cataloged and commonly referred to by that number. The waxes are cataloged as numbers 1 to 27, 29 to 61 and 63 to 74. Numbers 28 and 62 are plasters.
The Hébrard Foundry began casting bronzes in 1919. The first set was purchased in 1921 by the American collector, Louisine (Mrs. H.O.) Havemeyer (1855-1929), who once cautioned an observer: “It takes special brain cells to understand Degas.” She purchased the set at the urging of her dear friend and advisor, the American Impressionist Mary Cassatt (1844-1926), who had written to her: “I have studied Degas’ bronzes for months.I believe he will live to be greater as a sculptor than as a painter.” The Havemeyer set of bronzes was bequeathed to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in 1929.
Hébrard continued to cast bronzes until 1936 when sales stopped due to the world-wide depression. The business failed in 1937 and the foundry
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