- published: 06 Nov 2010
- views: 32955
- author: DestinationConwy
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- A55 road
- Aberconwy Abbey
- Aberconwy House
- Abergele
- Afon Conwy
- Afon Crafnant
- Afon Ddu
- Afon Ddu (Drum)
- Afon Dulyn
- Afon Eigiau
- Afon Gallt y Gwg
- Afon Garreg-wen
- Afon Geirionydd
- Afon Gyffin
- Afon Hiraethlyn
- Afon Lledr
- Afon Lloer
- Afon Llugwy
- Afon Machno
- Afon Melynllyn
- Afon Porth-llwyd
- Afon Roe
- Afon Tafolog
- B5106
- Betws-y-coed
- Betws-y-Coed
- Bodnant Garden
- Bodysgallen Hall
- Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen
- Cadw
- Caerhun
- Caernarfonshire
- Canovium
- Capel Curig
- Capel Garmon
- Cefn Cyfarwydd
- Cerrigydrudion
- Clwyd
- Colwyn Bay
- Community (Wales)
- Conwy
- Conwy Castle
- Conwy County Borough
- Conwy Falls
- Conwy Morfa
- Conwy Mountain
- Conwy Railway Bridge
- Conwy RSPB reserve
- Conwy town walls
- Conwy Valley
- Conwy Valley Line
- Defensive wall
- Deganwy
- Deganwy Castle
- Dinmael
- Dolgarrog
- Dolwyddelan
- Dolwyddelan Castle
- Edward I of England
- Eglwysbach
- English language
- Fairy Falls, Trefriw
- Ffrwd Cerriguniawn
- Glan Conwy
- Gwrych Castle
- Gwydir Castle
- Gwydir Forest
- Gwynedd
- Henryd
- Hugh Iorys Hughes
- Kinmel Bay
- LL postcode area
- Llanbedr-y-cennin
- Llanbedr-y-Cennin
- Llanddoged
- Llanddulas
- Llandudno
- Llandudno Junction
- Llanfair Talhaiarn
- Llanfairfechan
- Llangelynnin
- Llangernyw
- Llanrhychwyn
- Llanrwst
- Llyn Crafnant
- Llyn Elsi
- Llyn Geirionydd
- Llyn y Parc
- Llysfaen
- Llywelyn the Great
- Maenan
- Maenan Abbey
- Market town
- Mochdre, Conwy
- Moel Maelogan
- Mulberry Harbour
- Mynydd Hiraethog
- Mynydd y Dref
- Nant y Goron
- North Wales Police
- Old Colwyn
- Operation Overlord
- Pandy Tudur
- Parish church
- Pen y Gaer
- Penmachno
- Penmaenmawr
- Penrhyn Bay
- Pentrefoelas
- Plas Mawr
- Post town
- Rhos-on-Sea
- River Conwy
- River Crafnant
- River Geirionydd
- River Lledr
- River Llugwy
- River Machno
- Robert Stephenson
- Rowen
- Rowen, Conwy
- Structurae
- Sychnant Pass
- Tal y Fan
- Tal-y-bont, Conwy
- Tal-y-Cafn
- Template Conwy
- Template talk Conwy
- Thomas Telford
- Towyn
- Trefriw
- Tubular bridge
- Tyn-y-groes
- United Kingdom
- Wales
- Welsh Assembly
- Ysbyty Ifan
-
A470 road
The A470(T) is a major long-distance connective spine road in Wales, running from Cardiff on the south coast to Llandudno on the north coast. It covers 186 miles (299 km) in its entirety, over a zig-zagging route through the country's mountainous central region, including the Brecon Beacons and much of Snowdonia National Park.
Although it remains a primary trunk route throughout its length, and the southernmost 26 miles (42 km), from Cardiff Bay to Merthyr Tydfil, are mainly direct and good quality dual carriageway, the majority of the route from north of Merthyr Tydfil to Llandudno is single carriageway of variable quality (and even in brief instances single track) in order to accommodate the natural and built landscape. It takes in several town centres, right-angle (or tighter) divergent junctions and sharp curves.
The southernmost point of the route is at The Flourish, Cardiff Bay, outside the Wales Millennium Centre. It runs up Lloyd George Avenue (this was previously Collingdon Road, and the A470 previously ran along the parallel Bute Street), and continues along St. Mary Street in central Cardiff. The road then becomes North Road, and after a tidal flow system running to Maindy and then goes over the flyover at the Gabalfa interchange of the A48 and the A469. It becomes an urban dual-carriageway along Manor Way and Northern Avenue, with a 40 mph (64 km/h) speed limit and with many traffic-signalled crossings. It passes without interruption under the M4 at the giant Coryton roundabout. For the next 15 miles (24 km) it is a modern high-speed dual carriageway by-passing Tongwynlais and Castell Coch, Taff's Well, to Pontypridd. Heading north to Abercynon, the road now follows the route of the Taff Vale Railways Llancaiach Branch to Quakers Yard roundabout, where it is joined by the A4059 from Abercynon, Aberdare and Hirwaun ; the A472 from Ystrad Mynach and Pontypool finally the A4054 from Quakers Yard, and Merthyr Tydfil.
wn.com/A470_road -
A55 road
The A55, also known as the North Wales Expressway, is a major road in Britain. Its entire length is a dual carriageway primary route, with the exception of the point where it crosses the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Strait. All junctions are grade separated except for two roundabouts — one east of Penmaenmawr and one in Llanfairfechan. The road originally ran from Chester to Bangor but was extended parallel to the A5 across Anglesey right into Holyhead Docks in 2001. The road improvements have been part funded with European money, under the Trans-European Networks programme, as the route is designated part of Euroroute E22 (Holyhead - Leeds - Amsterdam - Hamburg - Malmoe - Riga - Moscow - Perm - Ekaterinburg - Ishim).
The A55 runs west from its junction with the M53 motorway near Chester, where it is known as the Chester Southerly Bypass, crossing the River Dee and the Welsh border before passing close to Broughton then passing north of Buckley and Northop. There is a major climb westbound between Broughton and Buckley (Junctions 35a to 35) though with no crawler lane. There is a difficult junction with the A494 at Junction 34/33b and the road briefly has a three lane section as traffic joins from Queensferry and leaves towards Mold. In the eastbound direction there is also a short three lane section for the same reason. In the eastbound direction there is also a 270 degree speed limited single lane curve to climb up and over the A55/A494. There were plans that might have affected this often congested junction as part of the A494 Queensferry to Ewloe improvement but the Welsh Assembly Government rejected these on 26 March 2008 as being of too large a scale.
wn.com/A55_road -
Aberconwy Abbey
Aberconwy Abbey was a Cistercian foundation at Conwy, later transferred to Maenan near Llanrwst and in the 13th century was the most important abbey in North Wales.
A Cistercian house was founded at Rhedynog Felen near Caernarfon in 1186 by a group of monks from Strata Florida Abbey. About four or five years later they moved to Conwy, and in 1199 were given large grants of land by Llywelyn the Great who had recently become ruler of Gwynedd. Llywelyn was regarded as the founder of the house, and thanks to his support it came to hold more land than any other Welsh abbey, over 40,000 acres (160 km²). On Llywelyn's death in 1240 he was buried at the abbey, and his son and successor Dafydd ap Llywelyn was also buried here in 1246. In 1248 Llywelyn's other son, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, who had died trying to escape from the Tower of London in 1244, was reburied at Aberconwy after the abbot of Aberconwy, together with the abbot of Strata Florida, had arranged for his body to be repatriated from London.
wn.com/Aberconwy_Abbey -
Afon Conwy
The River Conwy (Welsh: Afon Conwy) is a river in north Wales. From its source to its discharge in Conwy Bay it is a little over 27 miles (43 km) long. "Conwy" is sometimes Anglicized as "Conway."
It rises on the Migneint moor where a number of small streams flow into Llyn Conwy, then flows in a generally northern direction, being joined by the tributaries of the rivers Machno and Lledr before reaching Betws-y-Coed, where it is also joined by the River Llugwy. From Betws-y-coed the river continues to flow north through Llanrwst, Trefriw (where it is joined by the Afon Crafnant) and Dolgarrog (where it is joined by Afon Porth-llwyd and Afon Ddu) before reaching Conwy Bay at Conwy. During spring tides the river is tidal as far as Llanrwst.
The Conwy is bounded to the east by the rolling ancient mudstone hills of the Silurian period, the Migneint Moors. These acid rocks are generally covered in thin, often acid soils and for large parts of the upland areas the cover is of moor-grass — Mollinia spp and Erica communities. As a result the water entering the river tends to be acidic and often coloured brown with humic acids
wn.com/Afon_Conwy -
Afon Crafnant
Coordinates: 53°7′57″N 3°52′12″W / 53.1325°N 3.87°W / 53.1325; -3.87
The River Crafnant (Afon Crafnant in Welsh) is a tributary of the River Conwy (Afon Conwy in Welsh), which is the main river of the Conwy valley in North Wales.
It flows from picturesque Llyn Crafnant, joining the river Conwy at Trefriw. It is about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) in length.
The river Crafnant itself has a tributary, the river Geirionydd which flows from Llyn Geirionydd. These two join a little below the former Klondyke Mill, which used water from both rivers. Klondyke was a mining and milling complex connected with some of the metal mines of the Gwydir Forest.
The river Crafnant is also fed by a number of unnamed streams draining from Cefn Cyfarwydd, the ridge to the north-west.
At Trefriw some water from the river is extracted to pass through the woollen mill to generate hydro-electricity for the mill, after which the river flows over the Fairy Falls, a popular attraction.
Coed Crafnant, an area of woodland in the valley, is managed by the North Wales Wildlife Trust.
wn.com/Afon_Crafnant -
Afon Dulyn
Afon Dulyn (Welsh : Black Lake river) is the outflow from Llyn Dulyn, a lake in the Carneddau mountains in North Wales. It is a tributary of the river Conwy.
Just below Afon Dulyn the river is joined by Afon Melynllyn, a small river flowing from neighbouring Llyn Melynllyn.
The river does not carry a great deal of water because water is transferred from Llyn Dulyn to the reservoirs of Llyn Eigiau and Llyn Cowlyd.
Coordinates: 53°12′12″N 3°50′08″W / 53.20326°N 3.83552°W / 53.20326; -3.83552
wn.com/Afon_Dulyn -
Afon Eigiau
Afon Eigiau is a small river in the Carneddau mountains in Snowdonia, North Wales, which flows down Cwm Eigiau and into Llyn Eigiau.
It is fed by smaller streams which flow down the slopes of neighbouring Foel Grach, Carnedd Llywelyn and Pen yr Helgi Du.
Coordinates: 53°09′44″N 3°54′48″W / 53.16226°N 3.91328°W / 53.16226; -3.91328
wn.com/Afon_Eigiau -
Afon Geirionydd
Coordinates: 53°07′48″N 3°51′00″W / 53.130°N 3.850°W / 53.130; -3.850
The River Geirionydd (Afon Geirionydd in Welsh) is a river in Snowdonia, North Wales. It is a tributary of the River Crafnant (Afon Crafnant), which flows over the Fairy Falls waterfall in Trefriw, and thence on into the River Conwy (Afon Conwy), which is the main river of the Conwy valley.
It flows from Llyn Geirionydd down a steep gorge before joining the river Crafnant. It is less than a mile in length.
The river passes the former Klondyke Mill, which used its waters. Klondyke was a mining and milling complex connected with some of the metal mines of the Gwydir Forest by means of an old tramway which ran alongside Llyn Geirionydd. From above the Mill wagons used to enter the building via an aerial ropeway.
wn.com/Afon_Geirionydd -
Afon Lledr
The River Lledr (Welsh: Afon Lledr) is a river in North Wales and the second major tributary of the River Conwy.
The Lledr has its source on the eastern slopes of Ysgafell Wen, which lies between Moel Siabod and Cnicht. It flows in a north-easterly direction towards Blaenau Dolwyddelan, where Ceunant Ty'n y Ddol joins it, then flows under the so-called Roman Bridge (Welsh: Pont Rufeining) and past Dolwyddelan, where Afon Penamnen joins it. It continues to the north-east past Pont-y-Pant and then east along the Lledr Valley, running parallel to the A470 and the railway line from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Llandudno with stations in the Lledr Valley at Roman Bridge, Dolwyddelan, and Pont-y-Pant. The river joins the River Conwy to the south of Betws-y-Coed.
Coordinates: 53°04′N 3°48′W / 53.067°N 3.8°W / 53.067; -3.8
wn.com/Afon_Lledr -
Afon Lloer
Afon Lloer is a small river in Snowdonia, North Wales. It is the outflow from Ffynnon Lloer, a lake in the Carneddau mountains, and it flows into Llyn Ogwen.
Coordinates: 53°07′39″N 3°59′44″W / 53.12746°N 3.99559°W / 53.12746; -3.99559
wn.com/Afon_Lloer -
Afon Llugwy
The River Llugwy (Afon Llugwy in Welsh) is a tributary of the River Conwy, and has its source at Ffynnon Llugwy, a lake in the Carneddau range of mountains in Snowdonia.
The average annual rainfall in the catchment of the Llugwy is the highest recorded in England and Wales. The Llugwy largely follows the route of the A5, passing firstly through the village of Capel Curig, then on to fall over the Swallow Falls, a popular tourist attraction. On entering Betws-y-Coed it is crossed by the Miner's Bridge, a curious wooden bridge set at a steep incline over the river, and shortly after passing under Pont-y-pair road bridge it flows beside the main street before its confluence with the Conwy at the far end of the golf course.
Coordinates: 53°05′N 3°48′W / 53.083°N 3.8°W / 53.083; -3.8
wn.com/Afon_Llugwy -
Afon Machno
The River Machno (Welsh: Afon Machno) is a river in Snowdonia, North Wales. It is the first major tributary of the River Conwy, which it joins south of Betws-y-coed, just past the impressive Penmachno Falls.
It has its source in the slopes at the head of the Penmachno valley, and flows through the villages of Cwm Penmachno and Penmachno.
Coordinates: 53°04′N 3°47′W / 53.067°N 3.783°W / 53.067; -3.783
wn.com/Afon_Machno -
Afon Melynllyn
Afon Melynllyn is the outflow from Llyn Melynllyn, a lake in the Carneddau mountains in North Wales. It is a tributary of Afon Dulyn, itself a tributary of the river Conwy.
Coordinates: 53°11′00″N 3°55′42″W / 53.18336°N 3.92847°W / 53.18336; -3.92847
wn.com/Afon_Melynllyn -
Afon Porth-llwyd
Afon Porth-llwyd is a river in Snowdonia, North Wales. It flows from Llyn Eigiau on the south-eastern edge of the Carneddau range to join the river Conwy.
Its waters are trapped at Coedty reservoir before flowing down to pass under Pont Newydd in Dolgarrog. From Coedty reservoir some water is also diverted to Dolgarrog Power station (along with water from Llyn Cowlyd via large black pipes.
Coordinates: 53°11′28″N 3°50′57″W / 53.19111°N 3.84917°W / 53.19111; -3.84917
wn.com/Afon_Porth-llwyd -
Bodnant Garden
Bodnant Garden (Welsh: Gardd Bodnant) is a National Trust property near Tal-y-Cafn, in the county borough of Conwy, Wales. Bodnant Garden is situated above the River Conwy and overlooks the Conwy valley towards the Carneddau range of mountains.
This important garden occupies an area of 32 hectares (80 acres) surrounding Bodnant House, most of which was first laid out by Henry Davis Pochin, a successful industrial chemist, from 1874 onwards until his death in 1895. Bodnant House had been built in 1792 but was remodelled by Pochin and on his death it was inherited by his daughter (whose husband became the first Baron Aberconway in 1911). The garden, but not the House or other parts of the estate, was presented to the National Trust, with an endowment, in 1949. The House was the home of the late Lord Aberconway, and members of his family continue to be actively involved in the management of the garden, its tea pavilion and car parks on behalf of the National Trust.
The gardens are varied and include formal gardens bounded by clipped box hedges, ornamental ponds and pools and formal herbaceous borders, an enclosed laburnum arch and many rose gardens. However, Bodnant is most famous for its breeding programme, especially of varieties of Rhododendrons and azaleas examples of which are now grown throughout the world. Also noted are the collections of Magnolia, Camellia, Clematis and Hydrangea.
wn.com/Bodnant_Garden -
Bodysgallen Hall
Bodysgallen Hall is a manor house in Conwy county borough, north Wales, near the village of Llanrhos. Since 2008 the house has been owned by The National Trust. It is a grade I listed building, and is currently used as a hotel. This listed historical building derives primarily from the 17th century, and has several later additions. Bodysgallen was constructed as a tower house in the Middle Ages to serve as defensive support for nearby Conwy Castle. According to tradition, the site of Bodysgallen was the 5th century AD stronghold of Cadwallon Lawhir, King of Gwynedd, who had wide ranging exploits as far as Northumberland.
Cadwallon Lawhir's 5th century AD residence ruins are extant atop a woodland knoll above the present Bodysgallen Hall, but as early as 1835 was in ruin and totally overgrown by thorns. According to the ancient record of Caernarvon, Bod Caswallon (Bodysgallen) was one of those townships called Tre Welyog, meaning it was a unit of hereditary land (gwely) held in common by members of a wider family unit in medieval Wales, which often became divided and subdivided among heirs to the fourth descent; with the passage of time some of the smaller landholders might be "bought out" and become tenants of a larger estate. This possibly might have been one of three gwelys, originally belonging to Gloddaeth.
wn.com/Bodysgallen_Hall -
Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen
Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen (Welsh: Gap/Pass of the Two Stones) is a mountain pass in Conwy county borough, north Wales, traversable only on foot or horseback, following the former Roman road from Caerhun (Canovium) to Caernarfon (Segontium). The route may be followed by road to Rowen or to Llanbedr-y-Cennin and from either, the way, through a mountain gate, is a clearly marked green path to Abergwyngregyn. The route lies between the peaks of Tal y Fan and Drum, in the Carneddau range in north Snowdonia. The distance from Rowen to Abergwyngregyn is about nine miles of mostly high mountain footpath. Near the Abergwyngregyn end, the route forms part of the North Wales Path.
The Two Stones are large pre-historic monoliths of unknown date, which mark the summit at about 1,400 feet (430 m). The south-eastern stone measures 3m in height, the smaller north-western stone is 2m high. Also, near the mountain gate, on the south side of the track, is a stone circle and a cromlech called Maen-y-bardd (the bard's stone) nearer Rowen.
wn.com/Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen -
Caerhun
Caerhun is a village and rural community (and former civil parish) on the west bank of the River Conwy, to the south of Henryd and to the north of Dolgarrog, in Conwy County Borough, north Wales. The population was 1200 at the 2001 Census.
Surrounding the 14th-century parish church of St. Mary are the banks of the Roman fort of Canovium. The excavations of the Roman site were directed by P.K. Baillie Reynolds, of Aberystwyth University, over a period of four summers in the 1920s, although there have of course been several other publications since.
The church and its churchyard occupy the north-east quarter of the original Roman site. Canovium was built at an ancient river crossing and was an important post on the Roman road and ancient drovers road via Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen to Abergwyngregyn and the Menai Strait. Latterly the best crossing point, now with a bridge, has been at nearby Tal-y-Cafn. After the end of Roman rule in Britain, the fort was associated with King Rhun Hir of Gwynedd, hence the subsequent name.
wn.com/Caerhun -
Capel Garmon
Coordinates: 53°05′05″N 3°46′22″W / 53.0846°N 3.7727°W / 53.0846; -3.7727 Capel Garmon is a village near Betws-y-Coed in the county borough of Conwy, north Wales. It is situated high above the Conwy valley, in the community of Bro Garmon, and commands views over Snowdonia. The village is known for the neolithic burial chamber nearby.
The parish church of St Garmon was originally a chapel of ease to the parish of Llanrwst, serving the areas of Garth Garmon and Tybrith Uchaf. Capel Garmon became a separate parish in 1927. The current chapel, the latest in a series of churches at the site, was consecrated in 1862 but is now closed.
The burial chamber at Capel Garmon dates from the 3rd millennium BC, and belongs to the Severn-Cotswold group. It consists of a passage leading to a rectangular space, with circular chambers branching to the east and west. The structure has undergone much renovation and the current entrance, originally one of the inner chambers, was made in the 19th century, when the tomb was used as a stable.
wn.com/Capel_Garmon -
Cefn Cyfarwydd
Cefn Cyfarwydd is a ridge in Conwy county borough, north Wales. It is located above the village of Trefriw on the western side of the Conwy valley, and dramatically separates the rugged mountains of the Carneddau from the greener, lusher Conwy valley.
The Welsh word cyfarwydd can mean either "familiar" (adj.) or "a story-teller, guide or expert" (noun). Cefn means "ridge".
'Cefn Cyfarwydd' therefore translates as either "familiar ridge" or "story-teller's ridge".
The ridge reaches some 500m in height, and covers an area of some 8 square kilometres, broadly 4 km long by 2 km wide. It runs in a largely SW - NE direction, and is relatively flat-topped, resulting in some wet pools and boggy patches, even in the summer months. Much of it is heathery moorland.
To the north-west it slopes down steeply to Llyn Cowlyd, and to the south-east to Llyn Crafnant and the Crafnant valley where, in places, these slopes have been forested. The south-eastern slope of the ridge is steeper than the north-western slope.
wn.com/Cefn_Cyfarwydd -
Cerrigydrudion
Coordinates: 53°01′34″N 3°33′43″W / 53.026°N 3.562°W / 53.026; -3.562
Cerrigydrudion (or Cerrig-y-drudion) is a village and its surrounding parish in Conwy County Borough, Wales. Previously it was part of the historic county of Denbighshire (pre 1974) and then Clwyd. The village formerly lay on the A5, but a short by-pass now takes the road along the south-western edge of the village. Prior to the by-pass being built, Cerrig-y-Drudion was the highest point on the A5 between London and Holyhead.
Geographically the area is classed as moorland and less favourable grassland. It is on the outskirts of Mynydd Hiraethog. The oldest feature of the village is the parish church dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene. It is believed to have existed in 440 AD. It is also mentioned in the 'Norwich Taxation' of 1254. The village is the largest in the area known as Uwchaled which also includes Llangwm, Pentrefoelas, Pentre-llyn-cymer, Dinmael, Glasfryn, Cefn Brith, Llanfihangel Glyn Myfyr and Cwm Penanner. Llangwm and Pentrefoelas are stand-alone parishes whilst the remainder fall within the parish of Cerrig-y-drudion. However, there are multiple Nonconformist chapels throughout the area of Uwchaled, located in many of the minor villages and hamlets.
wn.com/Cerrigydrudion -
Clwyd
Clwyd (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈklʊɨd]) is a preserved county of Wales, situated in the north-east, bordering England with Cheshire to its east, Shropshire to the south-east, and the Welsh counties of Gwynedd to its immediate west and Powys to the south. It additionally shares a maritime border with the metropolitan county of Merseyside along the River Dee. Between 1974 and 1996, it was a county with a county council, and it was divided into six districts. It is named after the River Clwyd, which runs through the region. It was also a Royal Mail postal county before the postal county scheme was abolished in 1996. Clwyd County Council was based in the county town of Mold.
From the late 1950s, the radical reform of local government in Wales was considered more pressing than that in England, due to the small size of many of the existing authorities, especially the upper tier county councils. The Local Government Commission for Wales set up in 1958 was the first to recommend wholesale amalgamation of the administrative counties outside Glamorgan and Monmouthshire, with extensive boundary changes; however the then Minister of Housing and Local Government Sir Keith Joseph decided not to accept the report, noting that county amalgamations in England had been highly unpopular when proposed.
wn.com/Clwyd -
Conwy Falls
Conwy Falls (Welsh: Rhaeadr y Graig Lwyd) is a waterfall on the River Conwy at Bro Garmon in Conwy County Borough in Wales. The falls and surrounding area are a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The nearby cafe, adjacent to the A5, is an interesting example of the work of the Welsh architect Clough Williams-Ellis, of Portmeirion fame.
The falls are located in the last gorge section of the river Conwy at a point where it plunges 50' into a deep pool. The falls are accessible via natural paths through the preserved woodland of the SSSI. There are 32 species of birds, polecats and other wild animals in the woodlands, which extend to approximately 9.5 acres (38,000 m2).
The River Conwy is a salmon river, and there are two salmon ladders at the falls. One is a disused Victorian wooden ladder which was destroyed by a storm soon after being built, and incorporating steps hewn into the rock. The second is a modern ladder, built in 1993 at a cost of nearly £1m, and which can detect and count every fish that enters. This ladder - not visible to the public -comprises some 30 pools set in a zig-zag pattern within a piped tunnel.
wn.com/Conwy_Falls -
Conwy Morfa
The Conwy Morfa (Welsh: Morfa Conwy) is a piece of originally marshy-sand based spit, north of the western end of the modern A55 entrance to Conwy in Conwy county borough, north-west Wales.
Known locally as "The Morfa" (Welsh, Y Morfa), it shapes the south side of the estuary of the River Conwy. Today a large sandy bay, which at low tide forms part of the extensive sandy beaches and mussel banks of Conwy Bay, Conwy Morfa has many developments on its land, including:
A typical links course which provides a test of golf, with an abundance of gorse and a traditional links wind adding to the challenge.
In 1869, three Scots laid out a few holes on Conwy Morfa - they may have been the first to play golf on Welsh soil. In 1875 members from The Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake realised the potential of the Conwy Morfa, and had a 12-hole course professionally laid out. On 30 June 1890 The Caernarvonshire (Conwy) Golf Club was formed, and on 30 July the Club's first Captain, Mr. Sydney Platt opened the club house - a donated military mess hut from the local army base. In 1895, the club became one of the founding members of the Welsh Golfing Union and after extending the course to eighteen holes staged the first Welsh National Championship.
wn.com/Conwy_Morfa -
Conwy Railway Bridge
The Conwy Railway Bridge carries the North Wales coast railway line across the River Conwy between Llandudno Junction and the town of Conwy. The wrought iron tubular bridge was built by Robert Stephenson to a design by William Fairbairn, and is similar in construction to Stephenson's other famous tubular bridge, the Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait. The hydraulic engines used to lift the beridge girder into place were constructed by Easton & Amos. It was officially opened in 1849, but had been completed in 1848. Being the first tubular bridge to be built, the design needed much testing on prototypes to confirm that it would be capable of carrying heavy locomotives, the testing being performed by Fairbairn. The successful result enabled the much larger Britannia bridge to be built. The current bridge has been reinforced by extra columns under the bridge into the river, but is otherwise virtually unchanged since it was built.
Since the destruction by fire of Britannia Bridge in 1970, Conwy railway bridge remains the only surviving example of this means of construction undertaken by Stephenson.
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Conwy RSPB reserve
Conwy RSPB reserve is a nature reserve of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds situated on the east side of the Conwy estuary in Conwy county borough, North Wales. It covers 47 hectares (114 acres) and protects a variety of habitats including grassland, scrubland, reedbeds, salt marsh and mudflats. It was created as compensation for the destruction of areas of wildlife habitat during the construction of the A55 road tunnel under the estuary between 1986 and 1991. Waste from dredging was dumped onto the site which was later landscaped to create two large pools and several smaller ones. The reserve opened to the public on 14 April 1995 and facilities for visitors now include a visitor centre, café and three hides. A farmers' market is held on the reserve each month.
Over 220 species of bird have been recorded on the reserve, including Lapwing, Little Ringed Plover, Skylark and Reed Warbler. Large numbers of ducks and waders are present outside the breeding season, together with Water Rails and a large roost of Starlings. Vagrant birds have included the Stilt Sandpiper, Terek Sandpiper, Broad-billed Sandpiper and Alpine Swift.
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Conwy Valley
The River Conwy (Welsh: Afon Conwy) is a river in north Wales. From its source to its discharge in Conwy Bay it is a little over 27 miles (43 km) long. "Conwy" is sometimes Anglicized as "Conway."
It rises on the Migneint moor where a number of small streams flow into Llyn Conwy, then flows in a generally northern direction, being joined by the tributaries of the rivers Machno and Lledr before reaching Betws-y-Coed, where it is also joined by the River Llugwy. From Betws-y-coed the river continues to flow north through Llanrwst, Trefriw (where it is joined by the Afon Crafnant) and Dolgarrog (where it is joined by Afon Porth-llwyd and Afon Ddu) before reaching Conwy Bay at Conwy. During spring tides the river is tidal as far as Llanrwst.
The Conwy is bounded to the east by the rolling ancient mudstone hills of the Silurian period, the Migneint Moors. These acid rocks are generally covered in thin, often acid soils and for large parts of the upland areas the cover is of moor-grass — Mollinia spp and Erica communities. As a result the water entering the river tends to be acidic and often coloured brown with humic acids
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Deganwy
Deganwy (Middle Welsh Degannwy, Brythonic *Decantouion) is a village in Conwy County Borough in Wales with a population of 3,700. It is in a more English-speaking region of North Wales, with only 1 in 4 residents speaking Welsh as a first language. It is located south of Llandudno and to the east of Conwy, which is on the opposite side of the River Conwy, and with which it forms the Conwy community. Indeed, the name Deganwy has been interpreted in modern times as Din-Gonwy, which would mean "Fort on the River Conwy", but the historical spellings make it impossible for this to be the actual origin of the name. Deganwy is in the ecclesiastical parish of Llanrhos, and has a Victorian era Gothic parish church dedicated to All Saints.
Deganwy has one bilingual primary school, Ysgol Deganwy.
Deganwy's most notable feature is Deganwy Castle, situated 110 m above the town, which, in the 6th century was fortified as the stronghold of Maelgwn Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd. Deganwy appears to have been the capital of Gwynedd at this time, but this was later moved to Aberffraw on Anglesey. The hill on which the castle was built was fortified many times over the centuries. It was the site of a Norman castle built around 1082 and occupied by Robert of Rhuddlan, and later by Llywelyn the Great and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. The castle was later demolished by Edward I when Conwy Castle was built opposite so that only ruins remain today.
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Deganwy Castle
Deganwy Castle (modern Welsh, Castell Degannwy; also called Caer Ddegannwy in Middle Welsh) was an early stronghold of Gwynedd and lies at the mouth of the River Conwy in Conwy, north Wales. It lies at an elevation of 108 m (354 ft) above sea level.
The Dark Age fortress, which is now little more than ditches and mounds, was formerly made of wood and constructed on a massive rock outcrop in what is now the suburbs of modern Llandudno. Traditionally, it was the headquarters of Maelgwn Gwynedd, King of Gwynedd (fl. c. 520 - 547). A nearby hill is called Bryn Maelgwyn and other places in the locality are associated with him. An important coin hoard of 204 Silver Cnut Pennies were found here in July 1979.
Deganwy was probably first occupied during the Roman period, but was popular in the years following their departure because it was safe from Irish raids. The area beneath the rocky stronghold may have been the site of a settlement of serfs. The stronghold was destroyed when struck by lightning in the year 860.
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Dolgarrog
Dolgarrog is a small village in the Conwy County Borough in North Wales situated between Llanrwst and Conwy, very close to the Conwy River. The village is well known for its industrial history since the 18th century and the Eigiau dam disaster, which occurred in 1925. The population was 414 at the 2001 Census.
The village is served by Dolgarrog railway station.
Believed to have been established around 1200 AD, Dolgarrog is said to have got its name from a flying dragon called Y Carrog. This mythical beast preyed on livestock and Dol-y-carrog was the favourite meadow on which it swooped down from the heights above to carry off sheep. So serious were the losses that the farmers went on a dragon hunt armed with bows, arrows and spears.
One farmer, Nico Ifan, refused to go, claiming a dream had forewarned him the Carrog would cause his death. His fellow farmers laid a poisoned sheep's carcass on the heights above Eglwysbach across the river. The unsuspecting Carrog seized the bait, was caught and beaten to death.
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Dolwyddelan
Coordinates: 53°02′33″N 3°53′43″W / 53.042410°N 3.895229°W / 53.042410; -3.895229
Dolwyddelan, (Welsh language : the meadow of Gwyddelan) and formerly often spelled as Dolwyddelen, is a village and community in Conwy county borough, north Wales, on the main A470 road between Blaenau Ffestiniog and Betws-y-Coed. The name of the village translates as "Gwyddelan's meadow", referring to the 5th or 6th century Saint Gwyddelan, after whom the parish church is named. As a community, the population of Dolwyddelan was recorded in the 2001 Census as 427, and 55.8% of those residents could speak Welsh.
The village is particularly noted for Dolwyddelan Castle, the reputed birthplace of Prince Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great), though this unlikely as the main keep was not built until around 1220. It has a railway station on the Conwy Valley Line.
Nearby mountains include Moel Siabod to the north, Moel Penamnen and Y Ro Wen to the south and, further afield, Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa) lies approximately 10 miles to the west. Carreg Alltrem, a crag used by many rock climbers, can be found about a mile south of the village.
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Eglwysbach
Eglwysbach is a village in Conwy county borough, north Wales. The village plays host to an annual Agricultural show and horticultural show in August, which includes displays of local cattle, sheep, heavy and light horses, showjumping a horticulture marquee, fairground rides and trades stands. Population: 928.
54% of the residents of Eglwysbach speak the Welsh language, as recorded in the 2001 census.
Nearby is Bodnant Garden, a National Trust property.
The village boasts a traditional public house at its centre, The Bee Inn, whose flag is proudly displayed by its patrons at various Wales International Football matches abroad.
St. Martin's parish church is in the Diocese of St Asaph of the Church in Wales.
Coordinates: 53°13′05″N 3°47′39″W / 53.21803°N 3.79416°W / 53.21803; -3.79416
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Fairy Falls, Trefriw
Coordinates: 53°09′04″N 3°49′48″W / 53.151°N 3.830°W / 53.151; -3.830
The Fairy Falls (Welsh: Rhaeadr y Tylwyth Teg) is a waterfall in the village of Trefriw, north Wales. The falls are on the river Crafnant which has its source at Llyn Crafnant, being joined upstream by a tributary, the river Geirionydd. Below the falls the river Crafnant flows on to itself become a tributary of the river Conwy.
The main falls are about 25' high, the water falling down an angled rockface, and they were formed during the last Ice Age some 20,000 years ago. As the main glacier passed down the Conwy Valley, it truncated the Crafnant valley, leaving a hanging valley and this series of falls.
Not all of the water from the river Crafnant passes over the falls, as a little upstream some is diverted through a pipeline to provide hydro-electric power for the woollen mill. During drier periods this can leave the falls with little or even no water, but most of the year there is a good supply of water, as testified by the erosion of the rocks at the base of the falls.
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Glan Conwy
Coordinates: 53°16′05″N 3°47′46″W / 53.268°N 3.796°W / 53.268; -3.796
Llansanffraid Glan Conwy, usually shortened to Glan Conwy, is a village in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The name translates from the Welsh as Church of St Ffraid on the bank of the River Conwy. The village was founded in the 5th century and in the past had a marine based economy, but it is now largely residential. The population was 2290 in 2001.
Llansanffraid Glan Conwy faces the town of Conwy across the estuary of the River Conwy and is located 5 miles south of Llandudno and 1 mile south of Llandudno Junction which is on the London to Holyhead main railway line. The A470 trunk road runs through the village. The trunk road is officially known as the Glan Conwy Corner to Cardiff trunk road.
The parish was founded, according to tradition, when St. Bridget (Ffraid) is supposed to have sailed from Ireland on a green turf, and landed on a bank of the River Conwy, about a quarter of a mile west of the present church. However records show that the parish was created by Maelgwyn Gwynedd in the 5th century and that five royal manors were given to the church to create the parish.
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Gwydir Castle
Coordinates: 53°07′58″N 3°48′04″W / 53.1328°N 3.8010°W / 53.1328; -3.8010
Gwydir Castle is situated in the Conwy valley, Wales, a mile to the west of the ancient market town of Llanrwst and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the south of the large village of Trefriw. An example of a fortified manor house dating back to c1500, it is located on the edge of the floodplain of the river Conwy, and overlooked from the west by the now-forested slopes of Gwydir Forest.
There has been a fortification of some sort on the site since AD 600, and in the Dark Ages a large number of skirmishes were fought in this area between the various rival Welsh princes and their forces, the most significant being in 610 and 954.
By the 14th century some form of manorial house had evolved, and the first recorded owner was Howell ap Coetmor, who fought in the Hundred Years' War and was a commander of longbowmen under Edward, the Black Prince at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356.
Gwydir became the ancestral home of the powerful Wynn family, descended from the Kings of Gwynedd, and one of the most significant families of North Wales during the Tudor and Stuart periods.
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Gwydir Forest
Coordinates: 53°07′34″N 3°49′41″W / 53.126°N 3.828°W / 53.126; -3.828
Gwydir Forest, also spelled Gwydyr, is located in Conwy county borough and the Snowdonia National Park in North Wales. It takes its name from the ancient Gwydir Estate, established by the John Wynn family of Gwydir Castle, which owned this area.
The Forestry Commission uses the alternative spelling (i.e. Gwydyr Forest, Coedwig Gwydyr). Certainly as early as 1536, Leland wrote - "Gwydir lieth two bowshots above the River Conwy. It is a pretty place."
The forest broadly encircles the village of Betws-y-Coed, and much of its mid-section lies within the parish. It reaches northwards to the village of Trefriw, and southwards to the village of Penmachno. It covers an area of over 72.5 square kilometres, including 49 square kilometres of productive woodland.
Certainly there would have been a certain amount of natural tree growth on these hills thousands of years ago. More recently, records from the 18th century refer to the rafting of timber down the river Conwy. In the 19th century use was made of the quay at Trefriw for the shipment of timber to the coast. In 1778, referring to Carreg-y-Gwalch, just above Gwydir Uchaf, Thomas Pennant was told that "the noblest oaks in all Wales grew on this rock within living memory."
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Gwynedd
Gwynedd (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡwɨ̞nɛð]) is an area in north-west Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. As a local government area it is the second biggest in terms of geographical area and also one of the most sparsely populated. A large proportion of the population is Welsh-speaking. The name Gwynedd is also used for a preserved county, covering the two local government areas of Gwynedd and the Isle of Anglesey. Culturally and historically, the name can also be used for most of North Wales (for instance, the area covered by the Gwynedd Constabulary), corresponding to the approximate territory of the Kingdom of Gwynedd at its greatest extent.
Gwynedd is the home of Bangor University and includes the scenic Llŷn Peninsula, and most of the Snowdonia National Park.
Gwynedd was an independent kingdom from the end of the Roman period until the 13th Century when it was conquered and subjugated by England. The modern Gwynedd was one of eight Welsh counties originally created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, based on the principal territory of the former realm. It covered the entirety of the old counties of Anglesey, and Caernarfonshire along with all of Merionethshire apart from Edeirnion Rural District (which went to Clwyd), and also a few parishes in Denbighshire: Llanrwst, Llansanffraid Glan Conwy, Eglwysbach, Llanddoged, Llanrwst and Tir Ifan.
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Henryd
Henryd is a small village on the western slopes of the Conwy valley in Conwy county borough, north Wales. It lies about two miles south of Conwy, off the B5106 road.
The river Henryd, a tributary of the river Conwy, flows through the village. The village has a Nonconformist chapel and a small primary school (Ysgol Llangelynnin).
The meaning of Henryd in English is "Old ford", with hen meaning "old" and rhyd (mutated to ryd) meaning "ford".
There are two housing estates in the village 'Maes refail' which is the council housing estate and the 1970s estate 'Erw fawr'. The oldest building in the village is Ffarm Henryd (Henryd Ffarm). The field behind Maes refail estate is known as Cae Ffarm (Ffarm field). The village well still exists in the field on the other side of the river.
The village is a popular starting point for walks in the northern Snowdonia mountains, especially the Carneddau. Nearby is Parc Mawr, [1] an area of woodland now owned by the Woodland Trust, who are replacing the 1960s-planted conifers with native species.
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Kinmel Bay
Coordinates: 53°18′37″N 3°31′05″W / 53.310199°N 3.518073°W / 53.310199; -3.518073
Kinmel Bay (Welsh: Bae Cinmel) in Conwy county borough, north-east Wales is a suburb of Rhyl, which lies across the River Clwyd in the neighbouring county of Denbighshire.
According to the 2001 Census, together with neighbouring Towyn (to the west), it had a population of 7,864, of which 10.7% could speak Welsh.
Kinmel Bay is part of a large urban area including Abergele, Pensarn, Towyn, Rhyl and Prestatyn along the north coast of Wales. It is a very Anglicised part of Wales with an influx of people from the English cities of Liverpool and Manchester after World War II.[citation needed]
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Llanbedr-y-Cennin
Llanbedr-y-Cennin is a small village in Conwy county borough, Wales.
It lies in the foothills on the western side of the Conwy valley, in North Wales. The river Conwy runs through the valley, running into the sea to the north, at the town of Conwy, which is about five miles north of the village. The village lies on the eastern edge of the Snowdonia National Park. Near the village lies the Iron Age fort of Pen y Gaer.
The village has no bus routes, but can be accessed by road from the B5106 at nearby Tal-y-Bont (which does have bus routes).
In recent years the village has become popular with ornithologists as one of the best places in Wales to observe rare hawfinches. They feed adjacent to the churchyard, attracting many bird watchers in early spring.
"Llanbedr" means St Peter's church in Welsh, while Cennin can refer to leeks or to daffodils, the latter being "Cennin Pedr" (St Peter's leeks) in Welsh.
The village grew out of a mainly pastoral industry (mostly sheep farming and dairy produce). It has a parish church (Anglican), a Nonconformist chapel (Independent), and a local pub (Ye Olde Bull Inn) which serves J.W. Lees real ale (from a Manchester brewery). In the 1960s, the village's only shop used to be a bakery and post office also, but the post office has been discontinued.
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Llanbedr-y-cennin
Llanbedr-y-Cennin is a small village in Conwy county borough, Wales.
It lies in the foothills on the western side of the Conwy valley, in North Wales. The river Conwy runs through the valley, running into the sea to the north, at the town of Conwy, which is about five miles north of the village. The village lies on the eastern edge of the Snowdonia National Park. Near the village lies the Iron Age fort of Pen y Gaer.
The village has no bus routes, but can be accessed by road from the B5106 at nearby Tal-y-Bont (which does have bus routes).
In recent years the village has become popular with ornithologists as one of the best places in Wales to observe rare hawfinches. They feed adjacent to the churchyard, attracting many bird watchers in early spring.
"Llanbedr" means St Peter's church in Welsh, while Cennin can refer to leeks or to daffodils, the latter being "Cennin Pedr" (St Peter's leeks) in Welsh.
The village grew out of a mainly pastoral industry (mostly sheep farming and dairy produce). It has a parish church (Anglican), a Nonconformist chapel (Independent), and a local pub (Ye Olde Bull Inn) which serves J.W. Lees real ale (from a Manchester brewery). In the 1960s, the village's only shop used to be a bakery and post office also, but the post office has been discontinued.
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Llanddoged
Llanddoged is a small village which lies in the hills a little over a mile to the north of Llanrwst, in Conwy county borough, Wales. The village itself has a small population, with a surrounding rural farming community. Most of the population are Welsh speakers. Llanddoged shares its community council with the rural community of Maenan.
Every year the village is host to 'Ras fawr Llanddoged' (Welsh for: Llanddoged's Great Race). The race is run over a vigorous 10km, mostly uphill, course. Approximately 60 people race each year.
Llanddoged has two small hamlets attached to it - Groesffordd and Tan-Lan. Groesffordd has a motor repair garage known as 'Garej Groesffordd'. Tan-lan is known for its notorious bends on the A470 where many road traffic collisions have occurred. Tan-lan is also home to an Environment Agency Wales depot.
It has a primary school, Ysgol Llanddoged. Education is delivered through the medium of Welsh. Most of the children at the school are from Llanddoged or Maenan. The school also acts as a community centre. The youth club 'Clwb Ieuenctid Llanddoged' meets at the school hall. Other organisations such as 'Merched y Wawr' also meet here.
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Llanddulas
Llanddulas is a village in Conwy county borough, Wales midway between Old Colwyn and Abergele and next to the North Wales Expressway.
The village lies beneath the limestone hill of Cefn-yr-Ogof (669 ft). This hill has large caves, and quarrying of limestone was formerly the main industry of the village, with crushed stone being exported from the 200 m long jetty.
According to figures from the 2001 census, Llanddulas, combined with nearby village Rhyd y Foel, had a population of 1,572, with around 23% of the population having some knowledge of the Welsh language.
Llanddulas is notable as being the place where Richard II was betrayed in 1399. It is also the birthplace of Lewis Valentine.
Coordinates: 53°17′N 3°38′W / 53.283°N 3.633°W / 53.283; -3.633
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Llandudno
Coordinates: 53°19′N 3°49′W / 53.32°N 3.82°W / 53.32; -3.82
Llandudno (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬanˈdɪdnɔ]) is a seaside resort and town in Conwy County Borough, Wales. In the 2001 UK census it had a population of 20,090 including that of Penrhyn Bay and Penrhynside, which are within the Llandudno Community.
Llandudno, "Queen of the Welsh Resorts", a title first implied as early as 1864, is now the largest seaside resort in Wales, and lies on a flat isthmus of sand between the Welsh mainland and the Great Orme peninsula. Llandudno was formerly in the district of Aberconwy within Gwynedd, and until 1974 was in Caernarfonshire.
The town of Llandudno developed from stone age, bronze age and Iron Age settlements over many hundreds of years on the slopes of the limestone headland, known to seafarers as the Great Orme and to landsmen as the Creuddyn peninsula. The origins in recorded history are with the Manor of Gogarth conveyed by King Edward I to Annan, Bishop of Bangor in 1284. The manor comprised three townships, Y Gogarth in the south-west, Y Cyngreawdr in the north (with the parish church of St. Tudno) and Yn Wyddfid in the south-east.
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Llanfair Talhaiarn
Llanfair Talhaiarn (also spelled Llanfair Talhaearn and sometimes abbreviated by English speakers to Llanfair TH) is a village approximately 5 miles south of Abergele in Conwy county borough, Wales, formerly in Denbighshire.
The village derives its name from the church dedicated to Mary "Llanfair" and the bardic name of the poet and architect John Jones (January 1810 – October 1869) which was "Talhaiarn". Jones was born at the Harp Inn (now known as Hafod y Gân) in Llanfair.
The village is situated on the River Elwy (Afon Elwy). The population was 979 in 2001, with 44% being Welsh language speakers.
Llanfair is accessible from the Abergele to Llanrwst road via an ancient three arch bridge that spans the Elwy and leads directly into the heart of the village, where can be found two old pubs, The Black Lion and The Swan Inn.
About 100 yards north of the old bridge is a more modern bridge that carries the main Abergele to Llansannan road across the river.
Nearby is Mynydd Bodran, a 287 m (942 ft) hill which towers above the River Elwy. From the hill are fine views of Snowdonia and the North Wales coast.
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Llangernyw
Llangernyw is a rural, mostly Welsh-speaking, village in Conwy County Borough, north Wales.
(grid reference SH875674) The population was 960 in 2001, 67% Welsh-speaking. It lies on the A548 between Llanrwst and Llanfair Talhaiarn at the point where the Afon Cledwen, a tributary of the River Elwy, crosses the main road.
Situated on the outskirts of the village is Hafodunos, a gothic mansion ravaged by fire in 2004.
The churchyard of St Digain's parish church in Llangernyw is the site of an ancient yew tree, estimated to be 4,000 years old.
Also of note is the Sir Henry Jones Museum, which is dedicated to the life of the philosopher and academic, Henry Jones, who grew up in the village. The museum is his childhood home, a small cottage, which has been preserved internally and externally.
Coordinates: 53°11′30″N 3°41′07″W / 53.19175°N 3.68529°W / 53.19175; -3.68529
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Llanrhychwyn
Llanrhychwyn is a hamlet in Conwy county borough, Wales. It lies in the Conwy valley in North Wales, less than a mile south of Trefriw, and a mile north-west of Llanrwst. Today neighbouring Trefriw is a large village with a population of over 1,300, but in the time of Llywelyn Fawr (Llywelyn the Great), and up to the early 19th century, Llanrhychwyn was larger than Trefriw, which consisted simply of "a few houses here and there" (quote from Hanes Trefriw, by Morris Jones). Indeed, even today both Trefriw and Llanrhychwyn lie within the parish of Llanrhychwyn.
The adjacent Gwydir Forest would have provided work for many of the inhabitants. A number of metal mines were located in the forest, and the heyday of metal mining here was between 1850 and 1919. The forest also provided wood, and both timber and metal were transported from the forest to the quay at neighbouring Trefriw, from where it was shipped downstream to the coast.
Llanrhychwyn takes its name from Rhychwyn (sometimes recorded as Rhochwyn), son of Helig ap Glannog, the prince who lived at Llys Helig before it was inundated by the sea, and now the subject of myth and legend. Rhychwyn had several brothers who established churches and became saints, including Celynin, who established the old church at Llangelynnin, near Henryd, further down the valley.
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Llysfaen
Coordinates: 53°16′59″N 3°39′58″W / 53.283°N 3.666°W / 53.283; -3.666
Llysfaen is a village in Conwy County Borough near the coast of north Wales and is located high above the coast. For local government purposes, it is also a community and Conwy County Borough Council ward.
Llysfaen is located one kilometre (0.6 miles) inland, halfway between the coastal towns of Abergele and Colwyn Bay. Neighbouring villages include Old Colwyn, Llanddulas, Dolwyn and Betws-yn-Rhos. To its immediate west is Mynydd Marian, a mountain known for its limestone grassland and the rare dwarf sub-species of the Silver-studded Blue butterfly.
The council ward, including the village centre and surrounding precincts, occupies 5.11 square kilometres (1,260 acres, 511 hectares). The community's population has remained relatively static in recent times and was 2652 at the Census held in 2001.
The community is currently part of Conwy County Borough. However, it historically formed an exclave of Caernarfonshire assumed by the surrounding Denbighshire in 1923; subsequent local government reorganisation saw it administered as part of Clwyd (1974–1996).
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Mochdre, Conwy
Coordinates: 53°17′N 3°46′W / 53.29°N 3.76°W / 53.29; -3.76
Mochdre is a village to the west of Colwyn Bay in Conwy County Borough, Wales. Originally part of the Municipal Borough of Colwyn Bay prior to local government reorganisation in April 1974, it is now a separate community whose population at the 2001 census was 1,862.
The name of the village comes from Welsh language words meaning pig (moch) and town (tref). The origin of the name is explained in one of the mythological Welsh tales known as The Four Branches of the Mabinogi, which were first written down in the early Middle Ages, but which actually go much further back into the history of oral Welsh storytelling. An incident in one of these tales, Math fab Mathonwy, concerns the theft of a herd of sacred pigs. One of the places where the stolen animals were kept overnight became known as Mochdre ("Pigtown") as a result.
The village of Mochdre is noted for its parish church, which is actually the church of the parish of Llangwstennin as it allegedly sits on the site of the oldest Early Christian church in Wales.
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Moel Maelogan
Coordinates: 53°08′07″N 3°43′25″W / 53.13518°N 3.72371°W / 53.13518; -3.72371
Moel Maelogan (shown on O.S. maps as 'Maelogen', and also sometimes spelled 'Moelogan') is a hill (summit height 424m) on the western edge of Mynydd Hiraethog (also known as the Denbigh Moors) in north Wales, and overlooking the Conwy Valley. It is known mostly as the general location of a wind farm.
The initial 3 turbines were erected in 2002, and started generating in January 2003, each turbine capable of producing 1300kW. This scheme marked erection of the UK Wind Industry's 1000th turbine and was initially welcomed, as it had been set up by 3 local farmers to boost their incomes, under the company name of Cwmni Gwynt Teg ("Fair Wind"). After commissioning, however, it was not without its opponents, not least because, although not located in the Snowdonia National Park itself, the turbines are visible from many parts of it.
Of the 3 turbines, 2 are owned and operated by the local farming co-operative, the third is owned and operated by Energiekontor. Energiekontor UK Ltd, the UK subsidiary of the German wind development company Energiekontor AG, was instrumental in the finance and construction of the wind farm.
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Mulberry Harbour
A Mulberry harbour was a British type of temporary harbour developed in World War II to offload cargo on the beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy.
Two prefabricated or artificial military harbours were taken across the English Channel from Britain with the invading army in sections and assembled off the coast of Normandy as part of the D-Day invasion of France in 1944.
The Dieppe Raid of 1942 had shown that the Allies could not rely on being able to penetrate the Atlantic Wall to capture a port on the north French coast. Thus, the Mulberries were created to provide the port facilities necessary to offload the thousands of men and vehicles, and tons of supplies necessary to sustain Operation Overlord and the Battle of Normandy. The harbours were made up of all the elements one would expect of any harbour: breakwater, piers, roadways etc.
The actual proposer of the idea of the Mulberry harbour is disputed, but among those who are known to have proposed something along these lines is Hugh Iorys Hughes, a Welsh civil engineer who submitted initial plans on the idea to the War Office, Professor J. D. Bernal, and Vice-Admiral John Hughes-Hallett.
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Mynydd Hiraethog
Mynydd Hiraethog (also known as the Denbigh Moors) is an upland region in Conwy and Denbighshire in north-east Wales. It includes the large reservoir Llyn Brenig and the Clocaenog Forest, which has one of Wales's last populations of red squirrels. Its highest point is Mwdwl-eithin, at 532 metres (1,745 ft) above sea level, making it higher than Exmoor. On its western edge, overlooking the Conwy Valley, lies the Moel Maelogan wind farm.
Coordinates: 53°05′N 3°35′W / 53.09°N 3.58°W / 53.09; -3.58
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Old Colwyn
Old Colwyn (Welsh Hen Golwyn), is a small town just to the east of Colwyn Bay, in Conwy County Borough, Wales.
Prior to local government reorganisation in April 1974 it was part of the Municipal Borough of Colwyn Bay, but the reorganisation established it as a separate parish (known as a community in Wales), whose population at the 2001 census was 7,626. It hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1941. It also harbours the 3rd Colwyn Bay (Old Colwyn) Scout Group headquarters and is home to the area's comprehensive school, Ysgol Bryn Elian
In Old Colwyn is an area of woodland called the 'Fairy Glen'. This area of woodland is said to contain many different spirits including fairies, hence its name, which dates from the Victorian era and is a common name from that period (e.g. the "Fairy Glen" in Penmaenmawr). This area has recently undergone a regeneration with funding from the council and it is now possible to walk through it easily. The Fairy Glen is subject to an ownership dispute between Conwy County Borough Council and the water company, Dŵr Cymru, each claiming that the maintenance of the area is the responsibility of the other.
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Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the code name for the Battle of Normandy, the operation that launched the invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II by Allied forces. The operation commenced on 6 June 1944 with the Normandy landings (Operation Neptune, commonly known as D-Day). A 12,000-plane airborne assault preceded an amphibious assault involving almost 7,000 vessels. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the English Channel on 6 June; more than three million troops were in France by the end of August.
Allied land forces that saw combat in Normandy on D-Day itself came from Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Free French Forces and Poland also participated in the battle after the assault phase, and there were also minor contingents from Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands, and Norway. Other Allied nations participated in the naval and air forces.
Once the beachheads were secured, a three-week military buildup occurred on the beaches before Operation Cobra, the operation to break out from the Normandy beachhead, began. The battle for Normandy continued for more than two months, with campaigns to expand the foothold on France, and concluded with the closing of the Falaise pocket on 24 August, the Liberation of Paris on 25 August, and the German retreat across the Seine which was completed on 30 August 1944.[verification needed]
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Pandy Tudur
Pandy Tudur is a village in Conwy county borough, north Wales, and lies some 5 miles NE of Llanrwst.
It takes its name from the pandy (or fulling mill) which was located there.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, 55.5% of the population speak the Welsh language. The highest percentage of speakers is within the 5-9 age group, where 71.1% can speak the language. Children in the village mostly attend a small Welsh primary school in the nearby village of Llangernyw.
The village has a parish church.
Nearby lie the turbines of Moel Maelogan wind farm.
Coordinates: 53°09′49″N 3°42′35″W / 53.16366°N 3.70984°W / 53.16366; -3.70984
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Penmachno
Penmachno is a village in the isolated upland valley of Cwm Penmachno, 4 miles south of Betws-y-Coed in the county of Conwy, north Wales.
It is renowned as the home of Bishop William Morgan (1545 - 1604), who lived at Tŷ Mawr, Y Wybrnant, near the village. He was one of the leading scholars of his day, having mastered Hebrew in addition to Latin and Greek. He was the first to translate the Bible in its entirety into Welsh.
The parish church of Saint Tudclud, although not ancient itself, contains five important Early Christian inscribed stone slabs dating from the 5th century or 6th century, notably one commemorating Cantiorix as a citizen and magistrate of Gwynedd.
Penmachno briefly featured during the revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn in 1294-5 as the place at which Madog signed the so-called Penmachno Document, the only surviving direct evidence for the rebel leader's use of the title of prince of Wales.
A world-class mountain bike trail has been built on the nearby forested slopes. It consists of a 20km loop with an optional 10km extension.[1] There are little car parking facilities on the site however, and no visitor centre, as local residents believed increased visitor numbers would spoil village life.[2]
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Penrhyn Bay
Coordinates: 53°19′N 3°46′W / 53.31°N 3.77°W / 53.31; -03.77
Penrhyn Bay (Welsh: Bae Penrhyn) is a small town on the north Wales coast, in Conwy county borough, within the parish or community of Llandudno, and part of the ecclesiastical parish of Llanrhos. It is a prosperous village with a cluster of local shops, a pub, a parish church and a modern medical centre with doctors' surgery at the foot of the pass over the shoulder of the Little Orme from Llandudno Bay. Here there is a highschool called Ysgol y Creuddyn and a primary school called Ysgol Glanwydden. It is considered to be a residential suburb of Llandudno lying east of the Little Orme. It adjoins the resort of Rhos-on-Sea.
The oldest building in Penrhyn Bay is Penrhyn Old Hall dating from the early 15th century. It was the home of the Pugh family whose fortunes faded through their adherence to the Catholic religion when their neighbours reluctantly accepted Protestantism. On 14 April 1587, printing material for Catholic literature was found in a cave on the Little Orme, where it had been used by the recusant Robert Pugh (squire of Penrhyn Hall) and his chaplain William Davies to print Y Drych Gristianogawl ('The Christian Mirror'). They had taken refuge there during the persecution of Catholics instigated by Queen Elizabeth I in May 1586. In the grounds of the hall are the ruins of the medieval chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Penrhyn, last used by the Church in Wales for public worship c1930. The Pugh family also held a charter and built a windmill to serve their land in the nearby village of Glanwydden the first charter dating 1580. The hall now serves as a pub and restaurant.
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Plas Mawr
Plas Mawr is an Elizabethan townhouse in Conwy, north Wales, dating from the 16th century. The house has been restored to its original appearance, with assistance from Cadw, in whose care it is now. It is thought to be the best-preserved Elizabethan town house in the United Kingdom.
The house was built between 1575 and 1586 for a merchant named Robert Wynne (Welsh: Wyn), who died in 1598, and is located near the centre of the town of Conwy. Wynne described the house as a "worthy, plentiful house". The ornamental plasterwork, which is the house's most striking feature, carries the initials of its owner - "R W" - in several places. The gardens have also been restored by Cadw.
Robert Wynne was the 3rd son of John Wynne (ap Meredith), d.1553, and was uncle to Sir John Wynne of Gwydir through his brother Morys. Not being the first son, and therefore not inheriting on his father's death, he travelled around Europe. He returned to Conwy, and married, but his first wife died a year after Plas Mawr was completed. Aged 66 he married Dorothy, and they had 7 children in the space of 6 years. In 1589 he became an MP for Caernarfon. Following his death there was fierce arguing over his inheritance, and finally Robert Wynne, his grandson, inherited in 1616.
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River Conwy
The River Conwy (Welsh: Afon Conwy) is a river in north Wales. From its source to its discharge in Conwy Bay it is a little over 27 miles (43 km) long. "Conwy" is sometimes Anglicized as "Conway."
It rises on the Migneint moor where a number of small streams flow into Llyn Conwy, then flows in a generally northern direction, being joined by the tributaries of the rivers Machno and Lledr before reaching Betws-y-Coed, where it is also joined by the River Llugwy. From Betws-y-coed the river continues to flow north through Llanrwst, Trefriw (where it is joined by the Afon Crafnant) and Dolgarrog (where it is joined by Afon Porth-llwyd and Afon Ddu) before reaching Conwy Bay at Conwy. During spring tides the river is tidal as far as Llanrwst.
The Conwy is bounded to the east by the rolling ancient mudstone hills of the Silurian period, the Migneint Moors. These acid rocks are generally covered in thin, often acid soils and for large parts of the upland areas the cover is of moor-grass — Mollinia spp and Erica communities. As a result the water entering the river tends to be acidic and often coloured brown with humic acids
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River Crafnant
Coordinates: 53°7′57″N 3°52′12″W / 53.1325°N 3.87°W / 53.1325; -3.87
The River Crafnant (Afon Crafnant in Welsh) is a tributary of the River Conwy (Afon Conwy in Welsh), which is the main river of the Conwy valley in North Wales.
It flows from picturesque Llyn Crafnant, joining the river Conwy at Trefriw. It is about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) in length.
The river Crafnant itself has a tributary, the river Geirionydd which flows from Llyn Geirionydd. These two join a little below the former Klondyke Mill, which used water from both rivers. Klondyke was a mining and milling complex connected with some of the metal mines of the Gwydir Forest.
The river Crafnant is also fed by a number of unnamed streams draining from Cefn Cyfarwydd, the ridge to the north-west.
At Trefriw some water from the river is extracted to pass through the woollen mill to generate hydro-electricity for the mill, after which the river flows over the Fairy Falls, a popular attraction.
Coed Crafnant, an area of woodland in the valley, is managed by the North Wales Wildlife Trust.
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River Geirionydd
Coordinates: 53°07′48″N 3°51′00″W / 53.130°N 3.850°W / 53.130; -3.850
The River Geirionydd (Afon Geirionydd in Welsh) is a river in Snowdonia, North Wales. It is a tributary of the River Crafnant (Afon Crafnant), which flows over the Fairy Falls waterfall in Trefriw, and thence on into the River Conwy (Afon Conwy), which is the main river of the Conwy valley.
It flows from Llyn Geirionydd down a steep gorge before joining the river Crafnant. It is less than a mile in length.
The river passes the former Klondyke Mill, which used its waters. Klondyke was a mining and milling complex connected with some of the metal mines of the Gwydir Forest by means of an old tramway which ran alongside Llyn Geirionydd. From above the Mill wagons used to enter the building via an aerial ropeway.
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River Lledr
The River Lledr (Welsh: Afon Lledr) is a river in North Wales and the second major tributary of the River Conwy.
The Lledr has its source on the eastern slopes of Ysgafell Wen, which lies between Moel Siabod and Cnicht. It flows in a north-easterly direction towards Blaenau Dolwyddelan, where Ceunant Ty'n y Ddol joins it, then flows under the so-called Roman Bridge (Welsh: Pont Rufeining) and past Dolwyddelan, where Afon Penamnen joins it. It continues to the north-east past Pont-y-Pant and then east along the Lledr Valley, running parallel to the A470 and the railway line from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Llandudno with stations in the Lledr Valley at Roman Bridge, Dolwyddelan, and Pont-y-Pant. The river joins the River Conwy to the south of Betws-y-Coed.
Coordinates: 53°04′N 3°48′W / 53.067°N 3.8°W / 53.067; -3.8
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River Llugwy
The River Llugwy (Afon Llugwy in Welsh) is a tributary of the River Conwy, and has its source at Ffynnon Llugwy, a lake in the Carneddau range of mountains in Snowdonia.
The average annual rainfall in the catchment of the Llugwy is the highest recorded in England and Wales. The Llugwy largely follows the route of the A5, passing firstly through the village of Capel Curig, then on to fall over the Swallow Falls, a popular tourist attraction. On entering Betws-y-Coed it is crossed by the Miner's Bridge, a curious wooden bridge set at a steep incline over the river, and shortly after passing under Pont-y-pair road bridge it flows beside the main street before its confluence with the Conwy at the far end of the golf course.
Coordinates: 53°05′N 3°48′W / 53.083°N 3.8°W / 53.083; -3.8
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River Machno
The River Machno (Welsh: Afon Machno) is a river in Snowdonia, North Wales. It is the first major tributary of the River Conwy, which it joins south of Betws-y-coed, just past the impressive Penmachno Falls.
It has its source in the slopes at the head of the Penmachno valley, and flows through the villages of Cwm Penmachno and Penmachno.
Coordinates: 53°04′N 3°47′W / 53.067°N 3.783°W / 53.067; -3.783
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Rowen
Coordinates: 53°13′48″N 3°51′50″W / 53.230°N 3.864°W / 53.230; -3.864
Rowen is a small village on the western slopes of the Conwy valley in Conwy county borough, Wales. It lies off the B5106 road, between Dolgarrog and Conwy.
In recent times the name of the village has been variously spelt as "Rowen", "Ro-wen" and "Roewen". Although the Religious Census of 1851 records the name "Ro-wen", most early 20th century maps simply use the name "Y Ro", Welsh for "gravel" or "pebbles". Wen means "white", or could mean "holy".
The Afon Roe, a tributary of the River Conwy, flows through the village. A tributary of Afon Roe is Afon Tafolog, which drains the eastern slopes of Drum, a mountain in the Carneddau mountains.
The village has a shop and a pub, Y Tŷ Gwyn, but the small primary school closed in 2011. There is a youth hostel a mile to the west of the village.
In the past, however, the village had a greater significance; it had three mills, and several ale houses and inns. It also had a pandy or fulling mill, so woollen cloth must have been made nearby.
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Rowen, Conwy
Coordinates: 53°13′48″N 3°51′50″W / 53.230°N 3.864°W / 53.230; -3.864
Rowen is a small village on the western slopes of the Conwy valley in Conwy county borough, Wales. It lies off the B5106 road, between Dolgarrog and Conwy.
In recent times the name of the village has been variously spelt as "Rowen", "Ro-wen" and "Roewen". Although the Religious Census of 1851 records the name "Ro-wen", most early 20th century maps simply use the name "Y Ro", Welsh for "gravel" or "pebbles". Wen means "white", or could mean "holy".
The Afon Roe, a tributary of the River Conwy, flows through the village. A tributary of Afon Roe is Afon Tafolog, which drains the eastern slopes of Drum, a mountain in the Carneddau mountains.
The village has a shop and a pub, Y Tŷ Gwyn, but the small primary school closed in 2011. There is a youth hostel a mile to the west of the village.
In the past, however, the village had a greater significance; it had three mills, and several ale houses and inns. It also had a pandy or fulling mill, so woollen cloth must have been made nearby.
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Sychnant Pass
Sychnant Pass (Welsh: Bwlch Sychnant, "Dry-stream Pass") in Conwy County Borough, Wales, links Conwy to Penmaenmawr via Dwygyfylchi. Much of the pass is in Snowdonia National Park, and a large area of land within it has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Before the coming of the railway to the North Wales coast, the road through Sychnant Pass was the route of choice for mail coaches at high tide, when the faster and safer route along the sands was unusable. After leaving Conwy, the route runs westward through the valley on the south side of Mynydd y Dref (Conwy Mountain), which is topped by Neolithic hut circles and the hillfort of Castell Caer Seion. There are parallel tracks and footpaths (including the North Wales Path) on Mynydd y Dref for most of the way.
At the western end of the valley, the Sychnant Pass Road runs between the stone walls of the Pensychnant estate and through a narrow gap in the surrounding hills before descending steeply to the valley floor at Capelulo, reputedly the site of an early medieval chapel of Saint Ulo. Here there are two inns, a restaurant and a bistro, and in the ravine behind the inns is Nant Ddaear-y-Llwynog (the Fairy Glen), a "Victorian" nature trail. From Capelulo it is an easy walk or short drive to the coast at Penmaenmawr.
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Tal y Fan
Tal y Fan is an outlying peak of the Carneddau mountains in North Wales. It is one of the four Marilyns that make up the Carneddau, the others being Carnedd Llywelyn, Pen Llithrig y Wrach and Creigiau Gleision.
It is 610 m high, and lies mid-way between the Conwy valley to the east and Penmaenmawr on the coast to the north-west. It is the most northerly 2000 ft summit in Wales.
Bwlch y Ddeufaen separates Tal y Fan from the main Carneddau ridge, the closest summit on which is Carnedd y Ddelw. Pen y Castell is directly opposite to the south.
Coordinates: 53°14′07″N 3°54′21″W / 53.23517°N 3.90576°W / 53.23517; -3.90576
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Tal-y-Cafn
Tal-y-Cafn (Welsh meaning : "place opposite the ferry-boat") is a small settlement in Conwy county borough, north Wales.
It lies in the Conwy valley close to the Roman settlement of Canovium at Caerhun, and was the site of a Roman river-crossing point of the River Conwy. A mediæval ferry, which operated from as early as 1301, was replaced by a steel bridge of rivetted plates and angles on piers of concrete and masonry in 1897. Originally a toll bridge, it is now toll free, and is the only road bridge over the river between Conwy and Llanrwst.
The present bridge dates from 1977-8 following severe rusting of the original structure. The chosen design by A. M. Hamilton is of interest, being a Callender-Hamilton type B10 bridge of unit construction and intended for rapid deployment in civilian and military applications. The pre-fabricated steel sections are hot-dip galvanised for protection against corrosion, and no part is too heavy for two men to carry. The piers of the old bridge were in perfect condition, and it was a stipulation that the footway be available for use at all times during reconstruction. It was therefore decided to adopt an unusual installation method, whereby the new bridge was assembled through and around the old bridge. Once completed, the new bridge was lowered onto the piers by cutting away piece-by-piece the old bridge.
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Towyn
Coordinates: 53°18′07″N 3°32′24″W / 53.302°N 3.540°W / 53.302; -3.540
Towyn (Welsh: Tywyn), is a seaside resort in the County Borough of Conwy, Wales.
It is located between Rhyl, in Denbighshire, and Abergele in Conwy. According to the 2001 Census, together with neighbouring Kinmel Bay (to the east), it had a population 7,864, of which 10.7% could speak Welsh. Only a third of the population were born in Wales.
A combination of gale-force winds, a high tide and rough seas caused Towyn's flood defences to be breached at about 11.00am on 26 February 1990. 4 square miles (10 km2) of land was flooded, affecting 2,800 properties and causing areas of the resort to be evacuated. The coastal defences have since been reconstructed and significantly enhanced.
Towyn has a notable church. St. Mary's Church was designed by the renowned architect George Edmund Street, and was consecrated on 17 June 1873. It is known for the distinctive tiling on the roof. The same architect also designed the building which now houses the youth club in nearby Abergele.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Wales
Wales
i/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru;Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ] (
listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Wales is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit.
During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as King of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and The Welsh Language Society in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
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Ysbyty Ifan
Ysbyty Ifan is a small but historic village in Conwy County Borough, north Wales. Nearly all the population speak Welsh.
Ysbyty Ifan, until 1189, was known as Dôl Gynwal. Then, it came to the attention of the Knights of St John, who set up a hospice. The church marks the spot where the old hospice stood, and it contains many remnants that tell of the area’s rich history.
Ysbyty Ifan had a population of 221 people at the 2001 Census. There is a bakery shop, a post office, a milk shop and a rugby union pitch with a children's playground, and a bridge over the infant Afon Conwy. The parish church contains memorial slabs to Rhys Fawr ap Maredudd (fl. 1485-1510), a local nobleman who served Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, and his wife Lowri.
The village has a primary school with two class rooms and a cafeteria.
The cottage of Foel Gopyn is a National Trust property.
Coordinates: 53°01′27″N 3°43′35″W / 53.0243°N 3.7265°W / 53.0243; -3.7265
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Edward I of England
Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (from Latin: Malleus Scottorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward left on a crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and he was crowned king at Westminster on 19 August.
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Hugh Iorys Hughes
Hugh Iorys Hughes (born 16 April 1902 in Bangor; died 1977 ) was a civil engineer and unsung hero of World War II who advised on the design of the Mulberry harbours used in Operation Overlord.
In 1917 Churchill drafted plans for the capture of the islands Borkum and Sylt, off the Dutch and Danish coasts. He planned using caissons to form an artificial harbour when sunk on the seabed. The proposal was shelved and forgotten until 1941, when the unassuming Hughes came up with the same idea while a civil engineer living in London. He submitted detailed plans to the War Office and these were ignored until Hughes' brother, a Navy commander, drew attention to the documents. The project soon gained momentum under Major General D J McMullen and civil engineer Bruce White. The first priority was the construction of two ports in the Clyde estuary, one of which was Gare Loch.
Hughes built a prototype for the Mulberry Harbours at Conwy Morfa near his home town of Conwy.
Hughes' ashes were spread in the Menai Straits after his death in Colchester, Essex.
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Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr, Welsh: [ɬəˈwɛlɨn]), full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, (c. 1172 – 11 April 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years.
During Llywelyn's boyhood, Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who split the kingdom between them, following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King John of England that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter Joan in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210, relations deteriorated, and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover them the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
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Robert Stephenson
Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 – 12 October 1859) was an English civil engineer. He was the only son of George Stephenson, the famed locomotive builder and railway engineer; many of the achievements popularly credited to his father were actually the joint efforts of father and son.
He was born on the 16th of October, 1803, at Willington Quay, east of Newcastle Upon Tyne, the only son of George Stephenson and his wife, Fanny. At the time, George and Fanny were living in a single room and George was working as a brakesman on a stationary colliery engine. In 1804, the family moved to a cottage in West Moor when George was made brakeman at West Moor Colliery. In 1805 Fanny gave birth to a daughter who died after a few weeks. The next year Robert’s mother died of consumption. George then went and worked in Scotland for a short time, leaving the infant Robert with a local woman. However, George soon returned to West Moor, and his sister Nelly came to live at the cottage to look after Robert.
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Thomas Telford
Thomas Telford FRS, FRSE (1757–1834) was a Scottish civil engineer, architect and stonemason, and a noted road, bridge and canal builder.
Telford was born on 9 August 1757 at Glendinning, a hill farm 3 miles west of Eskdalemuir Kirk, in the rural parish of Westerkirk, in Eskdale, Dumfriesshire. His father John Telford, a shepherd, died soon after Thomas was born. Thomas was raised in poverty by his mother Janet Jackson (d.1794).
At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a stonemason, and some of his earliest work can still be seen on the bridge across the River Esk in Langholm in the Scottish borders. He worked for a time in Edinburgh and in 1782 he moved to London where (after meeting architects Robert Adam and Sir William Chambers) he was involved in building additions to Somerset House there. Two years later he found work at Portsmouth dockyard and — although still largely self-taught — was extending his talents to the specification, design and management of building projects.
In 1787, through his wealthy patron William Pulteney, he became Surveyor of Public Works in Shropshire. Civil engineering was a discipline still in its infancy, so Telford was set on establishing himself as an architect. His projects included renovation of Shrewsbury Castle, the town's prison (during the planning of which he met leading prison reformer John Howard), the Church of St. Mary Magdalene, Bridgnorth and another church in Madeley. (Called in to advise on a leaking roof at St Chad's Church Shrewsbury in 1788, he correctly warned the church was in imminent danger of collapse; his reputation was made locally when it collapsed 3 days later, but he was not the architect for its replacement).
wn.com/Thomas_Telford
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Destination Conwy, North Wales
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Take a fresh look at North Wales, could you pack all this into your last holiday destination? The all new Destination Conwy, promotional video. Visit us at www.visitconwy.org.uk
http://wn.com/Destination_Conwy,_North_Wales
Conwy Pirates Weekend Llandudno North Wales
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:12
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Conwy Pirates Weekend annual family weekend event in the fantastic medieval town of Conwy near Llandudno North Wales Conwy Pirates 2012 raw footage event filmed by official YouTube partner Jose Nunes Youtube Channel www.youtube.com/josenunes subscribers welcome. Feel free to contact us about local events you would like to see them on YouTube with a few days notice so we can arrange to be there, to contact us use this link goo.gl Thanks. Jose Nunes www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Conwy_Pirates_Weekend_Llandudno_North_Wales
Castle - Caernarfon, Conwy, Harlech & Caerphilly - Ep 3 - © Discovery Civilisation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:01
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Medieval historian Marc Morris explores how King Edward I's relationship with a master builder led to the creation of some of the most famous castles in Britain, including Caernarfon, Caerphilly and Harlech - fortresses used by the king as a formidable weapon to consolidate his conquests of Wales and its native dynasties. ©Discovery Civilisation
http://wn.com/Castle_Caernarfon,_Conwy,_Harlech_Caerphilly_Ep_3_©_Discovery_Civilisation
Conwy Mine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Take a peep into Conwy's only mine ...
http://wn.com/Conwy_Mine
North Wales: Conwy Castle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Wales has more castles per square mile than any other place in Europe. However, the lion's share were not built by the Welsh, but by English invaders. In the fortified castle town of Conwy, we learn from a local expert how these castles were carefully engineered to discourage and withstand Welsh rebellions. For more information on the Rick Steves' Europe TV series — including episode descriptions, scripts, participating stations, travel information on destinations and more — visit www.ricksteves.com.
http://wn.com/North_Wales_Conwy_Castle
paramotor over conwy to the gladiator soundtrack - its ace go buy it!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Updated: 09 Oct 2012
mace man and ricardo fly paramotor over conwy harbour...sweet!
http://wn.com/paramotor_over_conwy_to_the_gladiator_soundtrack_its_ace_go_buy_it!
Conwy Food Fest and Light Show Oct 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/Conwy_Food_Fest_and_Light_Show_Oct_2012
Llandudno Junction to Conwy - by train
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
In this video we go from Llandudno Junction Station to Conwy by train. We pass through Robert Stephenson's landmark bridge as we do so (see my video of this and the adjoining Telford bridge).
http://wn.com/Llandudno_Junction_to_Conwy_by_train
Conwy Lightshow (Blinc)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:07
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
This is the start of the Conwy Light show done on the side of the castle. The sound isn't great so don't turn it up too loud (particularly at the start) its quite noisy as well (it was pitch black and so was at iso 6400) but you'll get a feel for the event.
http://wn.com/Conwy_Lightshow_Blinc
Olympic Torch reached Conwy in North Wales 29th May 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 30 May 2012
The Olympic Tourch reaches Conwy and is carried by Mr Arthur Newness into the walled town
http://wn.com/Olympic_Torch_reached_Conwy_in_North_Wales_29th_May_2012
Conwy, Wales: Charming Garrison Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
The fortified castle town of Conwy was a safe base in the 13th century for the English invaders as they tried (and tried) to put down the angry Welsh insurgency. Today the harbor — once vital for military purposes — is now a laid back zone that locals treat like a town square. The scene is mellow, multigenerational, and perfectly Welsh. For more information on the Rick Steves' Europe TV series — including episode descriptions, scripts, participating stations, travel information on destinations and more — visit www.ricksteves.com.
http://wn.com/Conwy,_Wales_Charming_Garrison_Town
Conwy Half Marathon 2012- The Great Orme
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
THE CLIMB UP THE GREAT ORME! The 13.1 mile half marathon starts from Conwy and took us into Llandudno. From there we ran up and over The Great Orme, down the other side and back along the coast into Conwy.
http://wn.com/Conwy_Half_Marathon_2012_The_Great_Orme
★ CONWY ½ Marathon ★ By Alex Miller | NOV 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
''Voted in the top 5 most scenic Half Marathons in the UK by Readers of Runners World", This GREAT Half Marathon now in its 4th year and "Already being regarded as a classic" starts and finishes on Conwy Quayside in front of the 700+ year old Conwy Castle. The route runs adjacent to the Conwy River as it proceeds towards Deganwy beach and the West Shore Llandudno, from there it goes along church Walks towards Llandudno Pier, then around the Great Orme taking in views of the Isle of Anglesey, Puffin Island and the surrounding North Wales coastline, then back to Conwy and the finish line. All runners receive a quality bespoke medal and Tshirt, the race is being chip timed, if you provide your mobile number when entering your time will be text to you as soon as you cross the line.''
http://wn.com/★_CONWY_½_Marathon_★_By_Alex_Miller_|_NOV_2012
Medieval Knights Sword Fighting in Conwy Castle, Wales, UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Visit Conwy Castle in North Wales, UK. Check events held at Bank Holidays and throughout the summer at www.walesdirectory.co.uk . Medieval jousting, sword fighting, medieval dancing and medieval lifestyle demonstrations. The medieval castle and walled town of Conwy is one of the mast magnificent castles in Europe. Walk the battlements and view the foothills of Snowdonia and the beautiful Conwy estuary.
http://wn.com/Medieval_Knights_Sword_Fighting_in_Conwy_Castle,_Wales,_UK
Conwy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
trip to conwy with naina
http://wn.com/Conwy
Let's Go To Conwy Castle!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 24 Apr 2012
Conwy Castle in North Wales was constructed by the English monarch Edward I between 1283 and 1289. Music Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G, Movement I (Allegro), BWV 1049Kevin MacLeod www.incompetech.com Licensed under Creative Commons "Attribution 3.0" creativecommons.org © by Twish1999. All rights reserved. Any unauthorised broadcasting, public performance, copying or re-recording will constitute an infringement of copyright.
http://wn.com/Let's_Go_To_Conwy_Castle!
Great British Railway Journeys - Conwy Valley 1of2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:26
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Great British Railway Journeys - Conwy Valley part 1 of 2 (copy). Let the train take you for a 'jolt' along the lovely Conwy Valley from Llandudno, on the North coast of Wales, to Blaenau Ffestiniog where the standard-gauge Conwy Valley Railway (Part of the National Rail Network) shares its Southern terminus with the Northern terminus of the narrow-gauge Ffestiniog & Welsh Highland Railway. The second part features the Welsh Slate Industry at Blaenau, and travel onwards to Porthmadog on the Ffestiniog Railway. The railways greatly changed the lives of Britons (Welsh) during the early 19th Century, as Michael Portillo explains. Conwy Valley Railway: www.conwyvalleyrailway.co.uk . Swallow Falls www.attractions-north-wales.co.uk . Ffestiniog & Welsh Highland Railway: www.festrail.co.uk . http . Source, BBC2, Great British Railway Journeys: www.bbc.co.uk . PLAYLIST: www.youtube.com . * Touring Around Wales: www.visitwales.co.uk . http . www.gonorthwales.co.uk . * Tags great british railway journeys national rail network standard gauge conwy valley snowdon snowdonia park north wales ffestiniog and welsh highland narrow rheilffordd dyffryn llandudno llanrwst betws-y-coed swallow falls blaenau minffordd porthmadog michael portillo BBC *
http://wn.com/Great_British_Railway_Journeys_Conwy_Valley_1of2
Battle reenactment at Conwy Castle, Wales
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Knights in armour fight it out in battle re-enactments in the medieval Conway Castle, North Wales, Great Britain. Check out events in Conwy Castle and Wales at the www.walesdirectory.co.uk . See the English knight fight the French knight, who will yield? Visit the www.walesdirectory.co.uk and search Events to find more history and heritage displays at Welsh castles. Go gallivanting in Wales.
http://wn.com/Battle_reenactment_at_Conwy_Castle,_Wales
Conwy, Wales
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:31
- Updated: 18 May 2012
The majestic medieval castle town of Conwy sits in northwestern Wales. With over 400 castles in Wales, legends abound, including one that the wizard Merlin--of Camelot fame-- is thought to sleep on an island here. Welsh society was ancient way back when the Romans first came to Wales in 70 AD Come along as we tour this scenic country from a base in historic Conwy, a town that sits within the protective walls of a majestic medieval castle;horseback ride a mountain that overlooks the scenic Irish Sea, hike in the Great Orme Country Park with wild goats and a bizarre looking type of seal, and visit a local woolen mill that takes wool from the sheep's back all the way to tweed blazers, and take a train ride to Snowdonia National Park.
http://wn.com/Conwy,_Wales
Conwy Blinc, digital art festival 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:02
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
These are clips of the just some of the works on display at the Conwy Blinc digital arts festival in 2012. They light up building with video art and have acompanying sound tracks. It is well worth a visit, and becuase most of the art is based in the streets it can be seen for free. So if you are looking for some modern culture on a budget, then I recommend it. Some of the buildings in Conwy are well worth lighting up, the castle walls, old chapel and Edwardian house are fantastic.
http://wn.com/Conwy_Blinc,_digital_art_festival_2012
Medieval re-enactment of Longsword fight at Conwy Castle, Wales, UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Watch a medieval re-enactment of a longsword fight at Conwy Castle, Wales, UK. Check out Conwy events at www.walesdirectory.co.uk . Knights in armour battle to the "death" with longswords in the authentic surroundings of the 13th Century Conwy Castle.
http://wn.com/Medieval_re-enactment_of_Longsword_fight_at_Conwy_Castle,_Wales,_UK
Destination Conwy, Adrenaline and Adventure
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Hold on tight for the all new "Destination Conwy", adrenaline and adventure video! Visit us at www.visitconwy.org.uk
http://wn.com/Destination_Conwy,_Adrenaline_and_Adventure
Conwy Town and Castle July 2006
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Conwy in North Wales is an old stomping ground of mine and I visited this walled town again in July 2006. It has one of the best preserved castles in Britain with great views over Conwy Bay. The town's entire medieval walls survive in excellent condition.
http://wn.com/Conwy_Town_and_Castle_July_2006
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse military juntas or truly being committed to ongoing pro-democracy movements. Specifically at issue is Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi, a democratic advocate...(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that would end Palestinian rocket fire. Mediator Egypt said a deal for a truce to end the fighting could be close. The leader of Hamas said it was up to...(size: 4.1Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
A rescue is under way at a primary school in Gwynedd and the A55 is closed in north west Wales as gale force winds and rain batter the country. Winds of 86mph have been recorded at Capel Curig in Conwy and 90mph gales have hit the Gower peninsula, Swansea. Roads are flooded, trains are disrupted and dozens of trees are down. North Wales fire...(size: 6.2Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
BBC News
21 Nov 2012
A castle folly which has fallen into ruins could be restored to its former glory if councillors in Conwy...(size: 0.7Kb)
BBC News
21 Nov 2012
A 193-year-old castle folly which once housed a zoo, a world champion boxer and Jewish refugees during World War Two...(size: 0.8Kb)
BBC News
21 Nov 2012
Local democracy and accountability would be "fundamentally damaged" if education services are taken away from councils, it has been warned. The Welsh Local Government Association (WLGA) says it would fiercely resist any moves by the Welsh government to strip councils of their current powers. It follows the review announced by Education Minister...(size: 5.1Kb)
BBC News
20 Nov 2012
A horse had a lucky escape after falling backwards into a hole and becoming trapped upside down. Firefighters used a mechanical digger to winch Wesley to safety, legs first, from the 6ft (1.82m) ditch in a field at Kinmel Bay, Conwy. The horse became stuck after escaping into a...(size: 1.9Kb)
BBC News
16 Nov 2012
Proposals for a massive offshore wind farm in the Irish Sea are being shown on Anglesey. The proposed Rhiannon wind farm, between Anglesey and the Isle of Man, could see up to 440 turbines built. The initial proposals from Celtic Array were submitted to the UK government in the summer. The first public exhibition takes place on Friday at Amlwch...(size: 2.7Kb)
BBC News
15 Nov 2012
You've got to hand it to the FA of Wales (FAW), they are trying different ways of doing things with the Welsh Cup draw. Time and time again, we only see the odd numbered ball coming out of the bag on TV during the early round draws and people go away and say 'that draw is fixed' as the stronger teams in the competition are kept apart. This week...(size: 6.9Kb)
BBC News
14 Nov 2012
A total of 79 health care workers have been consulted on redundancies ahead of the planned closure of a charity-run brain injury unit. Leonard Cheshire Disability's Arfon unit in Colwyn Bay, Conwy, is due to shut soon as its last remaining patient has been...(size: 1.7Kb)
The Charlotte Observer
14 Nov 2012
Defending world champions Steve Holcomb (Park City, Utah) and Steve Langton (Melrose, Mass.) continued their domination of the two-man bobsled, winning the first world cup event of the season in Lake Placid, N.Y., on Nov. 9. The U.S. men finished gold and silver a day after the U.S. women finished silver and bronze on the Lake Placid track. Jazmine...(size: 10.0Kb)
BBC News
13 Nov 2012
CCTV footage of a thief taking a 4x4 worth £6,000 from a Conwy car dealership has been released. A man, wearing hi-visibility clothing, is seen driving off in the Land Rover Freelander from the Llandudno Junction Car Centre, on Wednesday 7 November. He walked around...(size: 1.8Kb)
BBC News
08 Nov 2012
The mother of a Welsh sailor at the centre of a rescue operation in the Pacific Ocean says his yacht overturned in a storm. Stephen Jones,...(size: 0.9Kb)
This article is about the town. For other uses, see Conwy (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 53°17′N 3°50′W / 53.28°N 3.83°W / 53.28; -3.83
| Conwy | |
 Conwy Castle and the bridges |
|
 Conwy
Conwy shown within Conwy |
|
| Population | 14,208 (2001) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | SH775775 |
| Community | Conwy |
| Principal area | Conwy |
| Ceremonial county | Clwyd |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CONWY |
| Postcode district | LL32/LL31 |
| Dialling code | 01492 |
| Police | North Wales |
| Fire | North Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| EU Parliament | Wales |
| UK Parliament | Aberconwy |
| Welsh Assembly | Aberconwy |
| List of places: UK • Wales • Conwy | |
Conwy (formerly known in English as Conway) is a walled market town and community in Conwy County Borough on the north coast of Wales. The town, which faces Deganwy across the River Conwy, formerly lay in Gwynedd and prior to that in Caernarfonshire. Conwy has a population of 14,208 (Including nearby Llandudno Junction and Deganwy). (The town itself has a population of around 4,000).[1] and is a popular tourist destination on the north Wales coast. It is a place in Wales where the old Welsh language can still be heard in widespread, casual and official usage.
Conwy Castle and the town walls were built, on the instruction of Edward I of England, between 1283 and 1289, as part of his conquest of the principality of Wales. Conwy was the original site of Aberconwy Abbey, founded by Llywelyn the Great. Edward and his troops took over the abbey site and moved the monks down the Conwy valley to a new site at Maenan, establishing Maenan Abbey. The parish church still retains some parts of the original abbey church in the east and west walls. English settlers were given incentives to move to the walled garrison town, which for decades the Welsh were forbidden from entering.
Across the estuary is Bodysgallen Hall, which incorporates a mediæval watchtower that was later used as a signal place for Conwy Castle.
Conwy has other tourist attractions that help draw visitors to the town. Conwy Suspension Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford to replace the ferry, was completed in 1826 and spans the River Conwy next to the castle. Telford designed the bridge's supporting towers to match the castle's turrets. The bridge is now open to pedestrians only and, together with the toll-keeper's house, is in the care of the National Trust.
The Conwy Railway Bridge, a Tubular bridge, was built for the Chester and Holyhead Railway by Robert Stephenson in 1849. The bridge is still in use on the North Wales Coast Line, along with station, which is located within the town walls. In addition to a modern bridge serving the town, the A55 road passes under the river by a tunnel which was built between 1986 and 1991. The old mountain road to Penmaenmawr runs through the Sychnant Pass, at the foot of Conwy Mountain.
File:Conwywalls.JPG
Conwy Town Walls
The National Trust also owns Aberconwy House, which is Conwy's only surviving 14th-century merchant's house, one of the first buildings built inside the walls of Conwy. Another fine house open to the public is Plas Mawr, an Elizabethan house built in 1576 by the Wynn family, has been extensively refurbished to its original 16th-century appearance and is now in the care of Cadw.[2]
The church standing in Conwy, has been marked as the oldest building in Conwy and has stood in the walls of Conwy since the 14th-century. However, the oldest structure is part of the town walls, at the southern end of the east side. Here one wall and the tower of Llewellyn the Great's Llys [court house] have been incorporated into the wall. Built on a rocky outcrop, with an aspidal tower, it is a classic, native, Welsh build and stands out from the rest of the town walls, due to the presence of 4 window openings. It dates from the early 13th century and is the most complete remnant of any of his Llys.
The house named in the Guinness Book of Records as The Smallest House in Great Britain, with dimensions of 3.05 metres x 1.8 metres, can be found on the quay. It was in continuous occupation from the 16th century (and was even inhabited by a family at one point) until 1900 when the owner a (6 ft fisherman – Robert Jones) was forced to move out on the grounds of hygiene. The rooms were too small for him to stand up in fully. The house is still owned by his descendants today, and you can go on a tour around it for a small charge.
Conwy Morfa, a marshy spit of land on the west side of the estuary, was probably the location where golf was first played on Welsh soil. It was also the place where Hugh Iorys Hughes developed, and later built, the floating Mulberry Harbour, used in Operation Overlord in World War II.
References[link]
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Conwy (town) |
- Conwy at the Open Directory Project
- Conwy and Llandudno Links
- The Sychnant Pass
- BBC North West Wales: Conwy
- Conwy Tunnel at Structurae
- Aerial photograph of Conwy
- North Wales Cruising Club
- Conwy River Festival
- www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Conwy and surrounding area
- The official Conwy Town Tourism Association website
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http://wn.com/Conwy
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http://pl.wn.com/Conwy
http://fr.wn.com/Conwy
http://de.wn.com/Conwy (Stadt)
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There are many people in history who are commonly appended with the phrase "the Great", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as e Bozorg and e azam in Persian and Urdu respectively.
In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.[1]
The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus)[2] assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "the Great".
The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).
Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.
As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.
Contents |
Rulers[link]
- Abbas I of Persia (1571–1629), Shah of Iran
- Akbar (1542–1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India
- Alain I of Albret (1440–1522), French aristocrat
- Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia
- Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia
- Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias
- Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex
- Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire
- Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty
- Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),
- Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire
- Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand
- Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)
- Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736–1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)
- Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden
- Casimir III the Great (1310–1370), King of Poland
- Catherine the Great (1729–1796), Empress of Russia
- Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India
- Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans
- Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)
- Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks
- Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen
- Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman emperor
- Cyaxares the Great (c. 625-585 BC), third king of Media
- Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire
- Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire
- Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse[3]
- Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile
- Frederick the Great (1712–1786), King of Prussia
- Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
- Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe
- Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594–1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader
- Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea[4][5]
- Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC
- Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)
- Henry IV of France (1553–1610), King of France and King of Navarre
- Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea
- Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
- Hugh Magnus of France (1007–1025), co-King of France
- Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057–1101)
- Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat
- Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Tsar of Russia
- John I of Portugal (1358–1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve
- John II of Aragon (1398–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre
- Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor
- Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i
- Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India
- Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010–1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia
- Kublai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty
- Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales
- Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland
- Mangrai the Great (1238–1317), Lanna, northern Thailand
- Emperor Meiji (1852–1912), Emperor of Japan
- Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)
- Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)
- Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom
- Mstislav I of Kiev (1076–1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus
- Naresuan (1555–1605), King of Ayutthaya
- Narai (1633–1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)
- Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine
- Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)
- K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque
- Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka
- Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia
- Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar of Russia
- Peter III of Aragon (1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily
- Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar
- Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar
- Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.[6][7][8]
- Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014–1044), Tamil King of India
- Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
- Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)
- Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082–1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties
- Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)
- Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev
- Saladin (c. 1138-1193), Kurdish Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and victor over the Crusaders
- Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre
- Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire
- Sejong the Great (1397–1450), Korean king[9]
- Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia
- Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire
- Stephen III of Moldavia (1433–1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)
- Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
- Taksin (1734–1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)
- Tamar (1160-1123), Queen of the Georgian Empire
- Timur (1336–1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty
- Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie
- Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire
- Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor
- Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia
- Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia
- Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire
- Valdemar I of Denmark (1131–1182), King of Denmark
- Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor
- Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus
- Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy
- William I, Count of Burgundy (1020–1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon
- William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou
- Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)
- Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China
Religious figures[link]
- Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East
- Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia
- Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian
- Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt
- Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader
- Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)
- Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint
- Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint
- Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)
- Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine
- Pope John Paul II (1920–2005)
- Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)
- Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit
- Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)
- Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople
- William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites
Other[link]
- Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies
- Emmy the Great, folk singer
- Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III
- Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia
See also[link]
- Epithet
- List of monarchs by nickname
- List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I
- James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus
- Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, whose common honorific "Mahatma" means "Great Soul"
Notes[link]
- ^ In a clay cylinder (online). The expression was used in a propagandistic context: the conqueror wants to show he is a normal Babylonian ruler. The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
- ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
- ^ History, Instituto Geografico De Agostini S.p.A., p. 479
- ^ World and Its Peoples:Korea. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. September 2008. p. 887. ISBN 0-7614-7631-8.
- ^ Alison Behnke (2004). North Korea in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 70. ISBN 0-8225-1908-9. http://books.google.com/?id=ovWvhyLc6hAC&pg=RA1-PA70&dq=%22Gwanggaeto+the+Great%22.
- ^ Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (December 1919). "An English History of India". Political Science Quarterly 34 (4): 644–653. DOI:10.2307/2142032. JSTOR 2142032. ""The finances of the state were not more centralized under Louis XIV than under Rajaraja the Great.""
- ^ "Heaven sent: Michael Wood explores the art of the Chola dynasty". Royal Academy, UK. http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/ra-magazine/winter2006/features/heven-sent,47,RAMA.html. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ "The Chola Dynasty: Accession of Rajaraja, the Great". Sify.com. http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13219885. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN 0-7456-3356-0.
http://wn.com/List_of_people_known_as_The_Great
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Великий (прозвище)
http://id.wn.com/Daftar tokoh dengan gelar yang Agung
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_known_as_The_Great
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people of the same name, see Alexander Miller (disambiguation).
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Alex Miller | ||
| Date of birth | (1949-07-04) 4 July 1949 (age 62) | ||
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland | ||
| Playing position | Defender | ||
| Youth career | |||
| Clydebank Strollers | |||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 1967–1982 | Rangers | 197 | (17) |
| 1983 | South China | ||
| 1983 | Morton | 8 | (1) |
| Total | 205 | (18) | |
| Teams managed | |||
| 1983 | South China | ||
| 1983 | Morton | ||
| 1983–1986 | St. Mirren | ||
| 1986–1996 | Hibernian | ||
| 1997–1998 | Aberdeen | ||
| 2008–2009 | JEF United Chiba | ||
| 2010 | AIK | ||
| 2012 | Sibir Novosibirsk | ||
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals). |
|||
Alex Miller (born 4 July 1949) is a Scottish football manager and former player. As a player, he had a 15 year career with Rangers. As a manager, he won the 1991 Scottish League Cup with Hibernian. He subsequently worked for Premier League club Liverpool for nine years,[1] assisting Gérard Houllier and Rafael Benítez.
Contents |
Playing career[link]
As a player Miller started out his career with Clydebank Strollers before he made the move to Rangers. Miller played for Rangers from 1967 until 1982 before finishing his playing career in Hong Kong. He made 306 appearances during his spell at Rangers and scored 30 goals. After being coached by David White he was promoted to the first team. In the summer of 1970 he won his first title with the team, the 1970 Scottish League Cup Final. Under coach William Waddell, he was mostly just a second choice player. Therefore, in one of the biggest successes of the club's history, the triumph in the 1972 European Cup Winners' Cup Final, Miller was not on the pitch. It was only after Jock Wallace took over as coach, Miller became increasingly used. As a regular player after the mid-1970s, he won multiple titles. He was something of a legend at Ibrox having played in a Scottish Cup Final despite having a broken jaw.[citation needed]
Coaching career[link]
Early Coaching Career[link]
Miller was appointed as player-manager when he played briefly for South China in Hong Kong in 1983, but was unable to save the club from relegation.[2] He was then briefly manager of Greenock Morton in 1983 before contentiously joining their rivals from Paisley, St. Mirren, who were at that time in a higher division.
St. Mirren[link]
Miller managed St. Mirren from 1983 until 1986. He moulded a side that would win the 1987 Scottish Cup Final, later in the season that he left the club. Miller guided St. Mirren to qualification for European competition. One of Saints all time great nights came in a European campaign when in 1985, Slavia Prague were knocked out after a 3–0 Saints win at Love Street.
Hibernian[link]
He was then manager of Hibernian from 1986 to 1996, through a "difficult" period in the clubs history, as the club came through financial problems.[1][3] He led Hibs to victory in the 1991–92 Scottish League Cup,[1] beating Rangers in the semi finals (1–0) and Dunfermline Athletic in the final (2–0). Hibs qualified for the UEFA Cup, losing on the away goals rule to RSC Anderlecht. Hibs reached the 1993 Scottish League Cup Final, but this time lost out to Rangers (1–2). Hibs finished the 1994–95 season in third place in the league. Miller was sacked by Hibs in 1996, with some observers accusing him of having betrayed Hibs' "cavalier ideals".[1]
Coventry and Aberdeen[link]
He then moved to Coventry City as assistant manager after took an offer of his Scottish compatriot Gordon Strachan. A year later, unable to resist the challenge of being his own man again, he moved to Aberdeen taking over the manager's post from Roy Aitken. However this stint was not a successful one and he was replaced in 1998 by Paul Hegarty.
Liverpool[link]
Miller joined English Premiership side Liverpool as Director of Scouting under Gérard Houllier in 1999. However, when Rafael Benítez was appointed manager of Liverpool in 2004, he overhauled the scouting system. Miller then subsequently worked as first team coach, helping the club win the Champions League in 2005 and the FA Cup in 2006. Miller left Liverpool in May 2008 to manage Japanese side JEF United Chiba.[4][5]
JEF United Chiba[link]
Despite taking over the club when they had taken just two points from eleven games, Miller managed to guide the team to safety from relegation.[6] However, following a string of poor results in the next season which the club was in the relegation zone, Miller's contract was terminated by the club in July 2009.[7]
AIK[link]
After a year left without commitment, Miller was appointed manager of Swedish team AIK in June 2010 as the successor of Mikael Stahre and the interim solution Björn Wesström.[8] He left in November 2010, after less than five months in charge.[9][10] AIK had been in some danger of relegation when Miller was appointed, but they eventually finished 11th in the 16-team division.[10]
Sibir Novosibirsk[link]
Miller was appointed head coach of Russian First Division club Sibir Novosibirsk in January 2012.[11] Miller became the first British head coach in Russian football.[11] Miller left the club after just nine matches in charge.[12]
Managerial record[link]
| Team | From | To | Games | Won | Lost | Drawn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St Mirren | 01-08-1983 | 16-12-1986 | ||||
| Hibernian | 15-11-1986 | 30-09-1996 | ||||
| Aberdeen | 21-11-1997 | 08-12-1998 | 43 | 11 | 19 | 13 |
| AIK | 22-06-2010 | 10-11-2010 | 24 | 9 | 11 | 4 |
| Sibir Novosibirsk[12] | 10-01-2012 | 20-04-2012 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
Personal life[link]
Two of Miller's sons, Graeme and Greg, both played for Hibs while Miller was manager there. Miller also employed Greg as a coach while he was manager of JEF United Chiba.[1]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e "Saturday Interview: Miller's outlook brighter after stint in Land of Rising Sun". The Scotsman (Johnston Press). 10 October 2009. http://sport.scotsman.com/sport/Saturday-Interview-Miller39s-outlook-brighter.5721742.jp. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ 莫逸風, 黃海榮 (July 2008). 香港足球誌. Hong Kong: 上書房 UP Publications. pp. 115–116. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978981773524|978981773524]]. http://www.uppublications.biz/authors/football.htm.
- ^ Club History, Hibernian official site.
- ^ "Rafa confirms Miller departure". Liverpoolfc.tv. 2008-05-08. http://www.liverpoolfc.tv/news/drilldown/N159865080508-1326.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ "Miller exits Liverpool for Japan". BBC Sport (BBC). 8 May 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/liverpool/7390957.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ McDaid, David (5 December 2008). "Miller time in Japan". BBC Sport. BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/7767823.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ "Miller axed as JEF United coach". BBC Sport (BBC). 28 July 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8172650.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ "Swedes go for Miller". Scottish Sun. 23 June 2010. http://www.thescottishsun.co.uk/scotsol/homepage/sport/3025851/Alex-Miller-is-appointed-manager-of-AIK-Stockholm.html. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ Mellerborg, Stefan. "Alex Miller och AIK Fotboll går skilda vägar". AIK Football. http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=3495. Retrieved 10 November 2010. (Swedish)
- ^ a b "Alex Miller parts company with AIK". The Scotsman (Johnston Press). 10 November 2010. http://www.scotsman.com/sport/alex_miller_parts_company_with_aik_1_833243. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ a b "Alex Miller proud to be first Briton to manage in Russian football". BBC Sport (BBC). 10 January 2012. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/scotland/16491208.stm. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Alex Miller Leaves Russian Club After 9 Games". RIA Novosti. 20 April 2012. http://en.ria.ru/sports/20120420/172932780.html. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
External links[link]
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||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Miller, Alex |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Scottish footballer and manager |
| Date of birth | 4 July 1949 |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Alex_Miller
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Миллер, Алекс (футболист)
http://pt.wn.com/Alex Miller
http://de.wn.com/Alex Miller
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Miller
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
