The Nashville Kats were an Arena Football League team, located in Nashville, Tennessee. They were last coached by Pat Sperduto, who coached the team's original incarnation to two ArenaBowl appearances prior to the original franchise's move to Atlanta in 2002 (then becoming the Georgia Force). Sperduto also coached the second incarnation of the Nashville Kats following their return to the Arena Football League as an expansion team in 2005. The Nashville Kats have been rumored to return to the Arena Football League in 2012.

History[link]

Original Nashville Kats (1997–2001)[link]

The team began as the Nashville Kats in 1997. The original Kats played in the then-named Nashville Arena (AKA "The Alley") in downtown Nashville. The team was named for the 1967 hit "Nashville Cats" by The Lovin' Spoonful. The team's logo featured an anthropomorphic tabby wearing a 1950s-style leather jacket, holding the neck of a guitar in one paw and juggling a football with the other.

The Kats were initially coached by Eddie Khayat in 1997 and 1998, who was succeeded by Pat Sperduto for the balance of the team's time in Nashville (including the second incarnation of the team). The Kats were the league's Organization of the Year for their inaugural year of 1997, and were in the playoffs for every season of their relatively brief existence. The team's success in the playoffs led to consecutive appearances in the ArenaBowl(XIV and XV) each of the original team's final two seasons, although they were unable to win the AFL's championship in either appearance.

After being unable to reach favorable agreements with arena management and the primary tenant, the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League, majority owner Mark Bloom sold the franchise in December 2001 to Virgil Williams, an Atlanta businessman, for nearly $10 million. The team's departure from the Nashville market was not related to lack of success neither on the field nor at the box office, but rather their inability to negotiate a favorable lease with the Predators. Following the move to Atlanta, this team would be rechristened the Georgia Force.

The birth of the expansion Nashville Kats (2001–2005)[link]

Shortly after the original team's departure from Nashville, Bud Adams, the owner of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League, purchased the rights to an expansion franchise in Nashville (along with the Kats identity). Initially, Adams was unable to negotiate a lease with the Nashville Predators to return the team to the Gaylord Entertainment Center (formerly Nashville Arena). Because Nashville Municipal Auditorium and Vanderbilt's Memorial Gym are unsuitable for arena football (Municipal Auditorium's floor was too small to contain the field of play and Vanderbilt had a dry policy for athletic events), Adams explored the idea of building his own mid-size arena (roughly 10,000 seats) to host the Kats and compete with the Gaylord Entertainment Center for concerts and smaller sporting events. Ultimately, the Predators agreed to a deal with Adams during the summer of 2004. Following the new agreement, Adams announced that the expansion Kats would begin play for the 2005 season and would return to the arena the original team called home.

While the majority of the new team was owned by Adams, country music singer Tim McGraw was brought in as a minority investor. McGraw, his wife Faith Hill, and their children were often seen on the first row of sideline seats along the south endzone. As a tie-in with McGraw, the PA system played his hit "I Like It, I Love It" following a Kats touchdown.

The new Kats take the field (2005–2007)[link]

The second incarnation of the Nashville Kats began play in 2005 at the then Gaylord Entertainment Center, the home of the original Kats team. When the Kats were revived as an expansion team, the new team re-assumed from the Georgia Force all Nashville Kats history prior to the franchise's move to Atlanta. This was an arrangement similar to the one made in the NFL with the Cleveland Browns and in the CFL with the Montreal Alouettes. The revived logo was almost identical to the original logo. The noteworthy exceptions were the ball (which was drawn as the lighter colored, brown-with-blue-stripe ball used in the AFL at that time) and the color scheme of the logo, which was slightly modified to mirror the team colors of the Tennessee Titans. New team uniforms also adopted the Tennessee Titans color scheme, going from the dark blue/silver/white combination of the original team to a new scheme including "Titans" light blue/red/white. The new team also introduced a new in-arena mascot named Kool Kat, a cat clad in a jersey and shorts that often performed daredevil stunts during breaks in the game.^[1]

The new Kats' first season started horrendously. After an opening victory on the road, it took until week 8 for the franchise to record another victory. But after that, the Kats won their next five games, and finished the season with a 6–9–1 record. The 41–41 tie at the Dallas Desperados on April 8 was only the second in AFL history, and prompted the League to change its overtime rules to eliminate ties before the start of the 2006 season.

Nashville finished the 2006 regular season with an 8–8 record; good enough to earn the team a playoff berth. The Kats lost in the opening round to the Chicago Rush.

The Kats finished the 2007 season with a 7–9 record and just missed the playoffs after a Utah Blaze win in the final week of the season.

On October 10, 2007, after months of speculation, owner Bud Adams decided to shut down operations for the second time in Nashville Kats history. While ticket sales had been good initially, the team struggled at the box office following its poor performance in the 2005 season (the first season of the expansion team).

Season-by-season[link]

Head coaches[link]

• 1997–1998: Eddie Khayat, 19–9
• 1999–2001, 2005–2007 Pat Sperduto, 33–24–1

Notable players[link]

• James Baron - OL/DL
• Cornelius Bonner - WR
• Jason Bratton - FB/LB
• Darryl Hammond - WR/LB
• Ron Carpenter - WR/DB
• Jeff Russell - WR/DB
• Cory Fleming - WR/LB
• Rupert Grant - FB/LB
• Dan Alexander - FB
• Ahmad Hawkins - DS
• Tyronne Jones - WR/DB
• Andy Kelly - QB
• James Brown - QB
• Tyrone Jones - OS
• T. T. Toliver - WR/LB
• Joseph Minucci - OL/DL
• Robert Gaddy - OL/DL
• Aaron Hamilton - OL\DL

AFL Hall of Famers[link]

• Joe March

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Nashville Kats at ArenaFan.com
• Nashville Kats (1997–2001) at ArenaFan.com

Nashville
—  Consolidated city–county  —
From top left: 2nd Avenue, Kirkland Hall at Vanderbilt University, the Parthenon, the Nashville skyline, LP Field, Dolly Parton performing at the Grand Ole Opry, and Ryman Auditorium
Flag of Nashville Flag Official seal of Nashville Seal
Nickname(s): Music City, Athens of the South
Nashville Location in Davidson County and the state of Tennessee.
Coordinates: 36°10′00″N 86°47′00″W / 36.1666667°N 86.7833333°W / 36.1666667; -86.7833333Coordinates: 36°10′00″N 86°47′00″W / 36.1666667°N 86.7833333°W / 36.1666667; -86.7833333
Country	United States
State	Tennessee
County	Davidson
Founded	1779
Incorporated	1806
Named for	Francis Nash
Government
• Mayor	Karl Dean (D)
Area[1]
• Consolidated	527.9 sq mi (1,367 km2)
• Land	504.0 sq mi (1,305 km2)
• Water	23.9 sq mi (62 km2)
Elevation	597 ft (182 m)
Population (2010)[2][3][4][5]
• Consolidated	626,681
• Density	1,200/sq mi (460/km2)
• Metro	1,589,934
• Balance	601,222
Demonym	Nashvillians
Time zone	CST (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes	37201-37250
Area code(s)	615
Interstates	I-40, I-24, I-65, and I-440
Waterways	Cumberland River
Airports	Nashville International Airport
Public transit	Nashville MTA
Regional rail	Music City Star
Website	www.nashville.gov

Nashville is the capital of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County.^[6] It is located on the Cumberland River in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home to a large number of colleges and universities. It is most notably known as a center of the music industry, earning it the nickname "Music City".

Nashville has a consolidated city–county government which includes seven smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. As of the 2010 census the population of the city of Nashville, not including the semi-independent municipalities, stood at 601,222.^[4] The population of Davidson County as a whole, including all municipalities, was 626,681.^[2] Nashville is the second largest city in Tennessee, after Memphis, and the fourth largest city in the Southeastern United States. The 2010 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,589,934,^[7] making it the largest Metropolitan Statistical Area in the state. The 2010 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,670,890.^[8]

History[link]

Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and a party of Wataugans in 1779, and was originally called Fort Nashborough, after the American Revolutionary War hero Francis Nash. Nashville quickly grew because of its strategic location, accessibility as a river port, and its later status as a major railroad center. In 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee.

Nashville riverfront shortly after the Civil War

By 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a very prosperous city. The city's significance as a shipping port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river and railroad transportation routes. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops. The Battle of Nashville (December 15–16, 1864) was a significant Union victory and perhaps the most decisive tactical victory gained by either side in the war.

Within a few years after the Civil War the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and also developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought a newfound prosperity to Nashville. These healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area.

Since the 1970s, the city has experienced tremendous growth, particularly during the economic boom of the 1990s under the leadership of then-Mayor and later-Tennessee Governor, Phil Bredesen, who made urban renewal a priority, and fostered the construction or renovation of several city landmarks, including the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, the downtown Nashville Public Library, the Bridgestone Arena, and LP Field.

In 1997 Nashville was awarded an NHL expansion team which was subsequently named the Nashville Predators. LP Field (formerly Adelphia Coliseum) was built after the National Football League's (NFL) Houston Oilers agreed to move to the city in 1995. The NFL team debuted in Nashville in 1998 at Vanderbilt Stadium, and LP Field opened in the summer of 1999. The Oilers changed their name to the Tennessee Titans and saw a season culminate in the Music City Miracle and a close Super Bowl game that came down to the last play.

Today, the city along the Cumberland River is a crossroads of American culture, and one of the fastest-growing areas of the Upland South.

Geography[link]

A satellite image of Nashville

Topography[link]

Nashville lies on the Cumberland River in the northwestern portion of the Nashville Basin. Nashville's topography ranges from 385 feet (117 m) above sea level at the Cumberland River to 1,160 feet (350 m) above sea level at its highest point.^[9]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 527.9 square miles (1,367 km²), of which 504.0 square miles (1,305 km²) of it is land and 23.9 square miles (62 km²) of it (4.53%) is water.

Climate[link]

Nashville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa),^[10] with generally cool to moderately cold winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly averages range from 38.1 °F (3.4 °C) in January to 79.9 °F (26.6 °C) in July, with a diurnal temperature variation of 18.5 to 23 °F (10 to 13 °C). In the winter months, snowfall does occur in Nashville but is usually not heavy. Average annual snowfall is about 5.8 inches (15 cm), falling mostly in January and February and occasionally March and December.^[11] The largest snow event since 2000 was on January 16, 2003, when Nashville received 7 inches (18 cm) of snow in a single storm; the largest on record was 17 inches (43 cm), received on March 17, 1892.^[12] Rainfall is typically greater in winter and spring while autumn is the driest. Spring and fall are generally warm but prone to severe thunderstorms, which occasionally bring tornadoes — with recent major events on April 16, 1998; April 7, 2006; February 5, 2008; April 10, 2009; and May 1–2, 2010. Relative humidity in Nashville averages 83% in the mornings and 60% in the afternoons,^[13] which is considered moderate for the Southeastern United States.^[14] In recent decades, due to urban development, Nashville has developed an urban heat island (UHI); especially on cool, clear nights, temperatures are up to 10 °F (5.6 °C) warmer in the heart of the city than in rural outlying areas.

Nashville's long springs and autumns combined with a diverse array of trees and grasses can often make it uncomfortable for allergy sufferers.^[15] In 2008, Nashville was ranked as the 18th-worst spring allergy city in the U.S. by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.^[16]

The coldest temperature ever recorded in Nashville was −17 °F (−27 °C) on January 21, 1985, and the highest was 107 °F (42 °C) on July 28, 1952.^[17]

Cityscape[link]

Downtown Nashville

The downtown area of Nashville features a diverse assortment of entertainment, dining, cultural and architectural attractions. The Broadway and 2nd Avenue areas feature entertainment venues, night clubs and an assortment of restaurants. North of Broadway lies Nashville's central business district, Legislative Plaza, Capitol Hill and the Tennessee Bicentennial Mall. Cultural and architectural attractions can be found throughout the city.

The downtown area of Nashville is easily accessible. Three major interstate highways (I-40, I-65 and I-24) converge near the core area of downtown, and many regional cities are within a day's driving distance.

Nashville's first skyscraper, the Life & Casualty Tower, was completed in 1957 and started the construction of high rises in downtown Nashville. After the construction of the AT&T Building (commonly known to locals as the "Batman Building") in 1994, the downtown area saw little construction until the mid-2000s. Many new residential developments have been constructed or are planned for the various neighborhoods of downtown and midtown. A new high rise office building, The Pinnacle, was recently opened in 2010.^[20]

Many civic and infrastructure projects are either being planned, in progress, or recently completed. A new MTA bus hub was recently completed in downtown Nashville, as was the Music City Star pilot project. Several public parks have been constructed, such as the Public Square. Riverfront Park is scheduled to be extensively updated. The Music City Center, a convention center project, has been approved for the downtown area and is currently under construction.

Parks and gardens[link]

The Parthenon in Nashville's Centennial Park is a full-scale reconstruction of the original Greek Parthenon.

Metro Board of Parks and Recreation owns and manages 10,200 acres (4,100 ha) of land and 99 parks and greenways (comprising more than 3% of the total area of the county).

Warner Parks, situated on 2,684 acres (1,086 ha) of land, consists of a 5,000-square-foot (460 m²) learning center, 20 miles (32 km) of scenic roads, 12 miles (19 km) of hiking trails, and 10 miles (16 km) of horse trails. It is also the home of the annual Iroquois Steeplechase.

The United States Army Corps of Engineers maintains parks on Old Hickory Lake and Percy Priest Lake. These parks are used for activities such as fishing, waterskiing, sailing and boating. The Harbor Island Yacht Club makes its headquarters on Old Hickory Lake, and Percy Priest Lake is home to the Vanderbilt Sailing Club.

Other notable parks in Nashville include Centennial Park, Shelby Park, Cumberland Park, and Radnor Lake State Natural Area.

Metropolitan area[link]

Nashville has the largest metropolitan area in the state of Tennessee, spanning 13 counties and, as of 2009^[update], had a population of 1,582,264.^[3] The Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area encompasses the Middle Tennessee counties of Cannon, Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Hickman, Macon, Robertson, Rutherford, Smith, Sumner, Trousdale, Williamson, and Wilson.^[21] The 2009 population of the Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Columbia combined statistical area was estimated at 1,666,210.^[22]

Culture[link]

Much of the city's cultural life has revolved around its large university community. Particularly significant in this respect were two groups of critics and writers who were associated with Vanderbilt University in the early twentieth century: the Fugitives and the Agrarians.

Popular destinations include Fort Nashborough and Fort Negley, the former being a reconstruction of the original settlement, the latter being a semi-restored Civil War battle fort; the Tennessee State Museum; and The Parthenon, a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens. The Tennessee State Capitol is one of the oldest working state capitol buildings in the nation, while The Hermitage is one of the older presidential homes open to the public.

Dining[link]

Although best known for its music, Nashville is a city filled with countless dining destinations. Some of the more popular types of local cuisine include hot chicken, hot fish, barbecue, and meat and three.

Entertainment and performing arts[link]

Ryman Auditorium, the "Mother Church of Country Music"

Nashville has a vibrant music and entertainment scene spanning a variety of genres. The Tennessee Performing Arts Center is the major performing arts center of the city. It is the home of the Tennessee Repertory Theatre, the Nashville Opera, the Music City Drum and Bugle Corps, and the Nashville Ballet. In September 2006, the Schermerhorn Symphony Center opened as the home of the Nashville Symphony.

As the city's name itself is a metonym for the country music industry, many popular tourist sites involve country music, including the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, Belcourt Theatre, and Ryman Auditorium. Ryman was home to the Grand Ole Opry until 1974 when the show moved to the Grand Ole Opry House, 9 miles (14 km) east of downtown. The Opry plays there several times a week, except for an annual winter run at the Ryman.

Numerous music clubs and honky-tonk bars can be found in downtown Nashville, especially the area encompassing Lower Broadway, Second Avenue, and Printer's Alley, which is often referred to as "the District".^[23][24]

Each year, the CMA Music Festival (formerly known as Fan Fair) brings thousands of country fans to the city. The Tennessee State Fair is also held annually in September.

Nashville was once home of television shows such as Hee Haw and Pop! Goes the Country, and to the Opryland USA theme park, which operated from 1972 to 1997 before being closed by its owners Gaylord Entertainment, and soon after demolished to make room for the Opry Mills mega-shopping mall.

The Christian pop and rock music industry is based along Nashville's Music Row, with a great influence in neighboring Williamson County. The Christian record companies include EMI Christian Music Group, Provident Label Group and Word Records.

Kirk Whalum visiting the audience at a riverfront concert in 2007

Although Nashville was never known as a jazz town, it did have many great jazz bands, including The Nashville Jazz Machine led by Dave Converse and its current version, the Nashville Jazz Orchestra, led by Jim Williamson, as well as The Establishment, led by Billy Adair. The Francis Craig Orchestra entertained Nashvillians from 1929 to 1945 from the Oak Bar and Grille Room in the Hermitage Hotel. Craig's orchestra was also the first to broadcast over local radio station WSM-AM and enjoyed phenomenal success with a 12-year show on the NBC Radio Network. In the late 1930s, he introduced a newcomer, Dinah Shore, a local graduate of Hume Fogg High School and Vanderbilt University.

Radio station WMOT-FM in nearby Murfreesboro has aided significantly in the recent revival of the city's jazz scene, as has the non-profit Nashville Jazz Workshop, which holds concerts and classes in a renovated building in the north Nashville neighborhood of Germantown. Fisk University also maintains a jazz station.

Nashville has an active theatre scene, having several professional and community theatre companies. Most notable of the professional companies are Nashville Children's Theatre, Tennessee Repertory Theatre, the Nashville Shakespeare Festival, the Dance Theatre of Tennessee and the Tennessee Women's Theater Project. Of the community theatres, Circle Players has been in operation for over 60 years.

Tourism[link]

Perhaps the biggest factor in drawing visitors to Nashville is its association with country music. Many visitors to Nashville attend live performances of the Grand Ole Opry, the world's longest running live radio show. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is another major attraction relating to the popularity of country music. The Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center, the Opry Mills regional shopping mall and the General Jackson showboat, are all located in what is known as Music Valley.

Civil War history is important to the city's tourism industry. Sites pertaining to the Battle of Nashville and the nearby Battle of Franklin and Battle of Stones River can be seen, along with several well-preserved antebellum plantation houses such as Belle Meade Plantation, Carnton plantation in Franklin, and Belmont Mansion.^[25]

Nashville has several arts centers and museums, including the Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, the Tennessee State Museum, Fisk University's Van Vechten and Aaron Douglas Galleries, Vanderbilt University's Fine Art Gallery and Sarratt Gallery, and the Parthenon. Nashville West is one of the city's newer attractions.

Major annual events[link]

Sports[link]

Nashville hosted a team called the Nashville Rebels which participated in the 1938 American Football League, and two Arena Football League teams named the Nashville Kats: one that ran from 1997–2001 until they were sold to Atlanta and renamed as the Georgia Force; and another expansion franchise that competed from 2005–2007.

Professional[link]

LP Field

Nashville has many professional sports teams, most notably the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League and the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League. Several other pro sports teams also call Nashville home, as does the NCAA college football Music City Bowl. Nashville is also home to the Fairgrounds Speedway, a NASCAR Whelen All-American Series racetrack.

College[link]

Nashville is also home to four Division I athletic programs.

2004 Vanderbilt-Navy Game

Media[link]

Offices for The Tennessean

The daily newspaper in Nashville is The Tennessean, which, until 1998, competed fiercely with the Nashville Banner, another daily paper that was housed in the same building under a joint-operating agreement. The Tennessean is the city's most widely circulated newspaper, while a smaller free daily called The City Paper shares the Nashville market. Online news service NashvillePost.com competes with the printed dailies to break local and state news. Several weekly papers are also published in Nashville, including The Nashville Pride, Nashville Business Journal, Nashville Scene and The Tennessee Tribune. Historically, The Tennessean was associated with a broadly liberal editorial policy, while The Banner carried staunchly conservative views in its editorial pages; The Banner's heritage is carried on these days by The City Paper. The Nashville Scene is the area's alternative weekly broadsheet. The Nashville Pride is aimed towards community development and serves Nashville's entrepreneurial population.

Nashville is home to eleven broadcast television stations, although most households are served by direct cable network connections. Comcast Cable has a monopoly on terrestrial cable service in Davidson County (but not throughout the entire media market). Nashville is ranked as the 29th largest television market in the United States.^[27]

Nashville is also home to cable networks Country Music Television (CMT), Great American Country (GAC), and RFD-TV, among others. CMT's master control facilities are located in New York City with the other Viacom properties. The Top 20 Countdown and CMT Insider are taped in their Nashville studios. Nashville is also the home and namesake of the NBC country music singing competition Nashville Star, which broadcasts from the Opryland complex. Shop at Home Network was once based in Nashville, but the channel signed off in 2008.

Several dozen FM and AM radio stations broadcast in the Nashville area, including five college stations and one LPFM community radio station. Nashville is ranked as the 44th largest radio market in the United States. WSM-FM is owned by Cumulus Media and is 95.5 FM. WSM-AM, owned by Gaylord Entertainment Company, can be heard nationally on 650 AM or online at WSM Online from its studios located inside the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center. WSM is famous for carrying live broadcasts of the Grand Ole Opry, through which it helped spread the popularity of country music in America, and continues to broadcast country music throughout its broadcast day. WLAC, whose over-the-air signal is heard at 1510 AM, is a Clear Channel-owned talk station which was originally sponsored by the Life and Casualty Insurance Company of Tennessee, and its competitor WWTN is owned by Cumulus.

Several major motion pictures have been filmed in Nashville, including The Green Mile, The Last Castle, Gummo, The Thing Called Love, Two Weeks, Coal Miner's Daughter, Nashville,^[28] and Country Strong.

Economy[link]

As the "home of country music", Nashville has become a major music recording and production center. All of the Big Four record labels, as well as numerous independent labels, have offices in Nashville, mostly in the Music Row area.^[29] Since the 1960s, Nashville has been the second biggest music production center (after New York) in the U.S.^[30] As of 2006, Nashville's music industry is estimated to have a total economic impact of US$6.4 billion per year and to contribute 19,000 jobs to the Nashville area.^[31]

Although Nashville is renowned as a music recording center and tourist destination, its largest industry is actually health care. Nashville is home to more than 250 health care companies, including Hospital Corporation of America, the largest private operator of hospitals in the world. As of 2006, it is estimated that the health care industry contributes US$18.3 billion per year and 94,000 jobs to the Nashville-area economy.^[32] The automotive industry is also becoming increasingly important for the entire Middle Tennessee region. Nissan North America moved its corporate headquarters in 2006 from Gardena, California (Los Angeles County) to Franklin, southwest of Nashville. Nissan also has its largest North American manufacturing plant in Smyrna, Tennessee. Largely as a result of the increased development of Nissan and other Japanese economic interests in the region, Japan moved its New Orleans consulate-general to Nashville's Palmer Plaza.

Other major industries in Nashville include insurance, finance, and publishing (especially religious publishing). The city hosts headquarters operations for several Protestant denominations, including the United Methodist Church, Southern Baptist Convention, National Baptist Convention USA, and the National Association of Free Will Baptists.

Fortune 500 companies within Nashville include Dell,^[33] HCA and Dollar General.

Top employers[link]

According to the City's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:^[34]

Demographics[link]

The data below is for all of Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County, including other incorporated cities within the consolidated city–county (such as Belle Meade and Berry Hill). See Nashville-Davidson (balance) for demographic data on Nashville-Davidson County excluding separately incorporated cities.

According to the 2009 American Community Survey, there were 628,434 people residing in the city. The population density was 1,204.2 people per square mile (465/km²). There were 282,452 housing units at an average density of 560.4 per square mile (216.4/km²).^[39]

At the 2010 census, the racial makeup of the city was 60.5% White (56.3% non-Hispanic white), 28.4% African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.1% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2.5% from two or more races. 10.0% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race).^[40] The non-Hispanic White population was 79.5% in 1970.^[41]

Population density map per 2000 census

There were 254,651 households and 141,469 families (55.6% of households). Of households with families, 37.2% had married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present. 27.9% of all households had children under the age of 18, and 18.8% had at least one member 65 years of age or older. Of the 44.4% of households that are non-families, 36.2% were individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.16.^[42]

The age distribution was 22% under 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 24% from 45 to 64, and 11% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34.2 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.^[43]

The median income for a household in the city was $46,280, and the median income for a family was $56,923. Males with a year-round, full-time job had a median income of $40,037 versus $34,269 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,056. About 12.2% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.^[44]

Because of its relatively low cost of living and large job market, Nashville has become a popular city for immigrants.^[45] Nashville's foreign-born population more than tripled in size between 1990 and 2000, increasing from 12,662 to 39,596. Large groups of Mexicans, Kurds,^[46] Vietnamese, Laotians, Cambodians, Arabs, and Bantus call Nashville home, among other groups. There are also smaller communities of Pashtuns from Afghanistan and Pakistan concentrated primarily in Antioch.^[47] Nashville has the largest Kurdish community in the United States, numbering approximately 11,000.^[48] About 60,000 Bhutanese refugees are being admitted to the U.S. and some of them will resettle in Nashville.^[49] During the Iraqi election of 2005, Nashville was one of the few international locations where Iraqi expatriates could vote.^[50] The American Jewish community in Nashville dates back over 150 years, and numbered about 6,500 in 2001.^[51][52]

Law and government[link]

The State Capitol in Nashville

The city of Nashville and Davidson County merged in 1963 as a way for Nashville to combat the problems of urban sprawl. The combined entity is officially known as "the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County", and is popularly known as "Metro Nashville" or simply "Metro". It offers services such as police, fire, electricity, water and sewage treatment. When the Metro government was formed in 1963, the government was split into two service districts—the "urban services district" and the "general services district." The urban services district encompasses the 1963 boundaries of the former City of Nashville, and the general services district includes the remainder of Davidson County. There are six smaller municipalities within the consolidated city-county: Belle Meade, Berry Hill, Forest Hills, Oak Hill, Goodlettsville (partially), and Ridgetop (partially). These municipalities use a two-tier system of government, with the smaller municipality typically providing police services and the Metro Nashville government providing most other services. Previously, the city of Lakewood also had a separate charter. However, Lakewood residents voted in 2010 and 2011 to dissolve its city charter and join the metropolitan government, with both votes passing.^[53]

Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council. It uses the strong-mayor form of the mayor–council system.^[54] The current mayor of Nashville is Karl Dean. The Metropolitan Council is the legislative body of government for Nashville and Davidson County. There are five council members who are elected at large and 35 council members that represent individual districts. The Metro Council has regular meetings that are presided over by the vice-mayor, who is currently Diane Neighbors. The Metro Council meets on the first and third Tuesday of each month at 6:00 pm, according to the Metropolitan Charter.

Politics[link]

Nashville has been a Democratic stronghold since at least the end of Reconstruction. While local elections are officially nonpartisan, nearly all of the city's elected officials are known to be Democrats. At the state level, Democrats hold all but two of the city's 10 state house districts and all but one of the city's four state senate districts. Pockets of Republican influence exist in the wealthier portions of the city, but they are usually no match for the overwhelming Democratic trend in the rest of the city.

Democrats are no less dominant at the federal level. Over the past 100 years, Democratic presidential candidates have carried Nashville/Davidson County in four out of five elections. The Democrats only failed to win it three times in the 20th century—in 1968 (when third-party candidate George Wallace won it), 1972 (when Republican Richard Nixon won it) and 1988 (when Republican George H. W. Bush won it). Normally, Democrats carry Nashville at the presidential level with relatively little difficulty, even in years when they lose the state as a whole. In the 2000 presidential election, Al Gore carried Nashville with over 59% of the vote even as he narrowly lost his home state. In the 2004 election, John Kerry carried Nashville with 55% of the vote even as George W. Bush won the state by 14 points. In 2008, Barack Obama carried Nashville with 60% of the vote even as John McCain won Tennessee by 15 points.

At the federal level, Nashville is split between two congressional districts. Nearly all of the city is in the 5th District, currently represented by Democrat Jim Cooper. A Republican has not represented a significant portion of Nashville since 1874. While Republicans made a few spirited challenges in the mid-1960s and early 1970s, they have not made a serious bid for the district since 1972, when the Republican candidate gained only 38% of the vote even as Nixon carried the district in the presidential election by a large margin. The district's best-known congressman was probably Jo Byrns, who represented the district from 1909 to 1936 and was Speaker of the House for much of Franklin Roosevelt's first term as President. Another nationally prominent congressman from Nashville was Percy Priest, who represented the district from 1941 to 1956 and was House Majority Whip from 1949 to 1953. Former mayors Richard Fulton and Bill Boner also sat in the U.S. House before assuming the Metro mayoral office.

All of Nashville was located in a single district for most of the time from Reconstruction until the 2000 Census, when a small portion of southwestern Nashville was drawn into the heavily Republican 7th District. That district is currently represented by Marsha Blackburn of neighboring Williamson County; Blackburn represented much of the Nashville share of the 7th in the state senate from 1998 to 2002.

Education[link]

Public schools[link]

The city is served by the Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools.

Private schools[link]

• David Lipscomb Campus School
• Davidson Academy
• Donelson Christian Academy
• Christ Presbyterian Academy
• Ensworth School
• Ezell-Harding Christian School
• Franklin Road Academy
• Father Ryan
• Goodpasture Christian School
• Harpeth Hall School
• Madison Academy
• Montgomery Bell Academy
• Nashville Christian School
• Nashville International Academy
• St. Cecilia Academy
• St. Paul Christian Academy
• University School of Nashville

Colleges and universities[link]

Freeman Hall at Belmont University

Nashville is often labeled the "Athens of the South" due to the many colleges and universities in the city and metropolitan area.^[55] The colleges and universities in Nashville include American Baptist College, Aquinas College,Belmont University, Daymar Institute, Fisk University, Free Will Baptist Bible College, John A. Gupton College,Lipscomb University, Meharry Medical College, Nossi College, Nashville School of Law, Nashville Auto Diesel College (a NAFTC Training Center), Nashville State Community College,Tennessee State University, Trevecca Nazarene University, Vanderbilt University, and Watkins College of Art, Design & Film.

Within 30 miles (48 km) of Nashville in Murfreesboro is Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), a full-sized public university with Tennessee's largest undergraduate population. Enrollment in post-secondary education in Nashville is around 43,000. Within the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area—which includes MTSU, Cumberland University (Lebanon), Volunteer State Community College (Gallatin), Daymar Institute, and O'More College of Design (Franklin)—total enrollment exceeds 74,000. Within a 40 miles (64 km) radius are Austin Peay State University (Clarksville) and Columbia State Community College (Columbia), enrolling an additional 13,600.

Transportation[link]

A Music City Star commuter train beneath the Shelby Street Bridge

Nashville is centrally located at the crossroads of three Interstate Highways: I-40, I-24, and I-65. Interstate 440 is a bypass route connecting I-40, I-65, and I-24 south of downtown Nashville. Briley Parkway connects the north side of the city and its interstates. A number of arterial surface roads called "pikes" radiate from the city center; many carry the names of nearby towns to which they lead. Among these are Clarksville Pike, Gallatin Pike, Lebanon Pike, Murfreesboro Pike, Nolensville Pike, and Franklin Pike.

The Metropolitan Transit Authority provides bus transit within the city, out of a newly built hub station downtown. Routes utilize a hub and spoke method. Expansion plans include use of Bus rapid transit for new routes, with the possibility for local rail service at some point in the future.

Nashville is considered a gateway city for rail and air traffic for the Piedmont Atlantic MegaRegion.^[56]

The city is served by Nashville International Airport, which was a hub for American Airlines between 1986 and 1995 and is now a focus city for Southwest Airlines.

Although it is a major rail hub, with a large CSX Transportation freight rail yard, Nashville is one of the largest cities in the U.S. not served by Amtrak.

Nashville launched a passenger commuter rail system called the Music City Star on September 18, 2006. The only currently operational leg of the system connects the city of Lebanon to downtown Nashville at the Nashville Riverfront. Legs to Clarksville, Murfreesboro and Gallatin are currently in the feasibility study stage. The system plan includes seven legs connecting Nashville to surrounding suburbs.

Notable bridges in the city are:

Nicknames[link]

Nashville is a colorful, well-known city in several different arenas. As such, it has earned various sobriquets, including:

• Music City, USA: WSM-AM announcer David Cobb first used this name during a 1950 broadcast and it stuck. It is now the official nickname used by the Nashville Convention and Visitors Bureau. Nashville is the home of the Grand Ole Opry, the Country Music Hall of Fame, and many major record labels.^[57] This name also dates back to 1874, where after receiving and hearing a performance by the Fisk Jubilee Singers, Queen Victoria of England is reported as saying that "These young people must surely come from a musical city."^[58]
• Athens of the South: Home to twenty-four post-secondary educational institutions, Nashville has long been compared to the ancient city of learning, site of Plato's Academy. Since 1897, a full-scale replica of the Athenian Parthenon has stood in Nashville, and many examples of classical and neoclassical architecture can be found in the city.^[55]
• The Protestant Vatican^[59] or The Buckle of the Bible Belt: Nashville has over 700 churches,^[60] several seminaries, a number of Christian music companies, and is the headquarters for the publishing arms of the Southern Baptist Convention (LifeWay Christian Resources), the United Methodist Church (United Methodist Publishing House) and the National Baptist Convention (Sunday School Publishing Board). It is also the seat of the National Baptist Convention, the National Association of Free Will Baptists, the Gideons International, the Gospel Music Association, and Thomas Nelson, the world's largest producer of Bibles.^[61]
• Cashville: Nashville native Young Buck released a successful rap album called Straight Outta Cashville that has popularized the nickname among a new generation.^[62]
• Little Kurdistan: Nashville has the United States' largest population of Kurdish people, estimated to be around 11,000.^[48][63]
• Nash Vegas or Nashvegas^[64]

Sister cities[link]

Nashville is an active participant in the Sister Cities program and has relationships with the following towns:^[65]

• Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
• Caen (France)
• Edmonton, Alberta (Canada)
• Magdeburg (Germany)
• Mendoza (Argentina)
• Taiyuan, Shanxi (People's Republic of China)

Candidates

• Kamakura (Japan)
• Gwangjin-gu (South Korea)
• Diyarbakır (Turkey)
• Troyan (Bulgaria)

International Friendship City

• Crouy (France)

Municipality United in Friendship

• El Port de la Selva (Spain)

See also[link]

Tennessee portal

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Davidson County, Tennessee

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Carey, Bill (2000). Fortunes, Fiddles, & Fried Chicken: A Nashville Business History. Franklin, TN: Hillsboro Press. ISBN 1-57736-178-4. 
• Duke, Jan (2005). Historic Photos of Nashville. Nashville, TN: Turner. ISBN 978-1-59652-184-1. 
• Durham, Walter T (2008). Nashville: The Occupied City, 1862–1863. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 1-57233-633-1. 
• Durham, Walter T (2008). Reluctant Partners: Nashville and the Union, 1863–1865. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 1-57233-634-X. 
• Egerton, John; et al., eds. Nashville: The Faces of Two Centuries, 1780–1980. Nashville, TN: PlusMedia. LCCN 79089173. OCLC 5875892. 
• Egerton, John; et al., eds. (2001). Nashville: An American Self-Portrait. Nashville, TN: Beaten Biscuit. ISBN 0-9706702-1-4. 
• Haugen, Ashley D (2009). Historic Photos of Nashville in the 50s, 60s and 70s. Nashville, TN: Turner. ISBN 978-1-59652-539-9. 
• Lovett, Bobby L (1999). African-American History of Nashville, Tennessee, 1780–1930: Elites and Dilemmas. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-555-1. 
• Potter, Susanna H (2008). Nashville & Memphis. Moon Handbooks. Berkeley, CA: Avalon Travel. ISBN 978-1-59880-102-6. 
• McGuire, Jim (2007). Historic Photos of the Opry: Ryman Auditorium, 1974. Nashville, TN: Turner. ISBN 978-1-59652-373-9. 
• Romine, Linda (2006). Nashville & Memphis. Frommer Guides (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Frommer's. ISBN 0-471-77614-9. 
• Wooldridge, John; et al., eds. (1890). History of Nashville, Tennessee. Nashville, TN: Methodist Episcopal Church, South. LCCN 76027605. OCLC 316211313. 
• Zepp, George R (2009). Hidden History of Nashville. Charleston, SC: History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-792-0. 

External links[link]

Find more about Nashville, Tennessee on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
	Images and media from Commons
	Learning resources from Wikiversity
	News stories from Wikinews
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks

Government

• Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County

Other

• Nashville Convention & Visitors Bureau
• Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce
• Nashville historical timeline
• Metropolitan Archives of Nashville and Davidson County
• Nashville travel guide from Wikitravel

	Clarksville	Springfield	Hendersonville, Gallatin
	Dickson		Mt. Juliet, Lebanon
		Nashville    East
	Belle Meade, Bellevue	Brentwood, Franklin	La Vergne, Smyrna, Murfreesboro

v t e Municipalities and communities of Davidson County, Tennessee, United States County seat: Nashville Cities Belle Meade Berry Hill Forest Hills Goodlettsville‡ Lakewood Nashville (balance) Oak Hill Ridgetop‡ Unincorporated communities Hopewell Joelton Old Hickory Pasquo Whites Creek Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

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v t e Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Tennessee     A C Wharton (Memphis) Karl Dean (Nashville) Madeline Rogero (Knoxville) Ron Littlefield (Chattanooga) Kim McMillan (Clarksville) Tommy Bragg (Murfreesboro) Other states AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

Kats
—  Town  —
Coat of arms
The town centre (dark green) and the statistical district (light green) of Kats in the municipality of Noord-Beveland.
Coordinates: 51°34′N 3°53′E / 51.567°N 3.883°E / 51.567; 3.883Coordinates: 51°34′N 3°53′E / 51.567°N 3.883°E / 51.567; 3.883
Country	Netherlands
Province	Zeeland
Municipality	Noord-Beveland
Population (1 January 2008)
• Total	435
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code

Kats is a town in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Noord-Beveland, and lies about 20 km east of Middelburg.

In 2001, the town of Kats had 286 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.072 km², and contained 162 residences.^[1] The statistical area "Kats", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 430.

History[link]

In the Middle ages Kats originally prospered as Suburchdijke the name alluding to connections with the nearby city of Souburg. The local inhabitants are referred to locally as katsenaers and 150 of them were drowned in flooding caused by a great storm on 5 November 1530, which engulfed the whole island, then in 1532 the Elizabethflood swept away all the remaining buildings. Poldering Noord Beveland (the process the Dutch invented to reclaim land from the sea) didn’t start again until 1598 - the villages of Colijnsplaat and Kats were both built on estates at right angles to each other.

The name “Kats” originates from the family van Kats/van Cats- a certain Caths was granted the deeds. Kats grew very slowly and was blighted by the plagues of 1603 to 1605 and 1650. By 1629 a windmill had been built and 30 years later in 1659 enough people were living there to establish a reformed church parish. The first minister was Johannes Jones, like other inhabitants of the time he was born in England. The name Jones hints at Welsh ancestry. In 1687 the present day church was built.

In 1922 the mill was demolished. In the thirties discussions were held about redrawing municipal boundaries and in 1941 Kats, Colijnsplaat and Kortgene were joined together as the municipality of Kortgene with its administrative centre in Kortgene, in recent years this has become the municipality of Noord-Beveland, all administration being transferred to the new council building in Wissenkerke. Sections for the suspended road connecting the islands of the massive Neeltje Jans flood prevention scheme were built at Kats.

Tourism[link]

With art galleries but no shops or cafes present day Kats is a picturesque village set on fire in rural environs it has attracted many resident artists and musicians. Its largely unspoilt dorpstraat (or village street) has won awards for being the prettiest village street in Zeeland. There is a small yachting marina located near the Zeeland Bridge on the Oosterschelde and De Zeeuwse Rozentuin (The Rose garden of Zeeland) is open to the public growing as it does over 1000 varieties of roses spread over more than 4 hectares, it also possesses an open air theatre. The nature reserve “De Kaatseplaat” is to be found nearby in the Oosterschelde and its upkeep administered by the Dutch natural monument society or Vereniging tot behoud van natuurmonumenten.

References[link]

1. ^ "Bevolkingskernen in Nederland 2001". Statistics Netherlands (CBS). http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/milieu-natuur-ruimte/ruimte/publicaties/cartografie-geografie/geografische-data/2001-bevolkingskernen-in-nederland.htm. 

Jason Witczak (born May 24, 1978 in North Fond du Lac, Wisconsin) is an American Football player. He is currently a free agent kicker who most recently played for the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League.^{[dated info]} Witczak has also spent time on the rosters of the Tennessee Titans and the Buffalo Bills.

College career[link]

An all-conference wide receiver, safety and punter at Horace Mann High School in North Fond Du Lac, Wisconsin, Witczak attended the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay and played on the golf team. The school did not have a football program and Witczak transferred to Marshall University in 1998 to play both sports. He played his sophomore and junior seasons at Marshall University, where he was the long distance field goal kicker, making a long of 46 yards.

Witczak then transferred to Southeast Missouri State University, where he was named to the 2000 Football Gazette NCAA Division I-AA All American Team as a punter, where he had a nation-leading 41.3 net punting average. Witczak punted 48 times for 1983 yards and a 41.3 yard average with 15 punts inside the 20 yard line, also connecting on 5-9 field goals with a long of 44.

AFL career[link]

2004[link]

Witczak began his AFL career as a midseason replacement for the Arizona Rattlers. During the 3rd quarter of his AFL first game, Jason suffered a season ending injury after tearing his ACL on a kickoff. He finished the game 3-of-5 extra points and 0-of-1 on field goals and was placed on injured reserve for the rest of the 2004 season. He spend the 2005 preseason with the Rattlers, where he was released before the regular season began.

2006[link]

Witczak was signed as a midseason replacement for the Nashville Kats, where he played in 7 games, hitting 4-11 (36.4%) on FG's and 41-46 (89.1%) on PATs. During the Kats' 1st round playoff game, Witczak was a perfect 4-4 (all in the first half) on FG's and 3-4 on PATs in a losing effort.

2007[link]

Witczak broke a Kat's record for longest FG in a game, after hitting a 57 yard FG in a Week 1 loss to the Columbus Destroyers. He finished the season hitting 4-13 (30.8%) on FG's and 91.2% (103-113) on PAT's. His percentage on XPAT's tied him for 8th in the AFL.

2008[link]

Witczak began the season 15-16 on PAT's and 0-2 on FG's before tearing the ACL in his kicking leg on a blocked 59 yard field goal attempt in week 3 vs. the San Jose Sabercats. After the injury, Jason continued to kick field goals, extra points and kickoffs, making his last 3 extra point attempts in the game. Ironically, the ACL was in the same leg where his initial ACL tear occurred during his first tenure with the Rattlers. He is currently on the Injured Reserve list and will not play again this season.

2009[link]

LEAGUE SUSPENDED PLAY

2010[link]

Witczak was 39 of 42 (93%) on PAT's 2 for 3 on field goals with a long of 45 yards before being replaced by Fabrizio Scaccia.

Note: AFL Goal posts are nine-feet wide with a crossbar height of 15 feet (NFL goalposts are 18½ wide with the crossbar at 10 feet).

Golf career[link]

Witczak is a certified golf teaching professional and has taught regularly from 2003 to 2009 in Phoenix at the JW Marriot Desert Ridge at Wildfire Golf Club and is currently a teaching professional at Adobe Dam Family Golf Center in Glendale, Arizona where he is a Class A PGA Professional.

Witczak is also a professional golfer and has competed in numerous Mini-Tour events and PGA Section events. In 2004, Jason won the Titleist/Foot Joy Assistant Pro Championship. In October 2005, he qualified and played in the Taylor-Made/Adidas National Assistant PGA Championship. He also competed in the 2006 RE/MAX World Long Drive Championship (WLDC), qualifying by winning both the local qualifier, backed by a 371 yard drive, and the district qualifier with a 342 yard launch. He made it to round five of seven. In the 2007 Remax World Long Drive, Jason finished 13th in the World with a drive of 404 yards.

External links[link]

• Arizona Rattlers' player profile
• Arenafan.com Bio
• Re/Max World Long Drive Champions Article on golfbusinesswire.com
• "Jason Witczak Diary from NFL Europe"
• "Jason Witczak's Official Website"

Alana Grace is an American actress and singer-songwriter who is best known for her song "Black Roses Red" featured on the soundtrack of Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. She released her new album, With One Word, on Fragile Heart Records on April 10, 2009.

Alana Grace was born on December 20, 1987, in Los Angeles, California, but moved with her family to Nashville, Tennessee when she was very young. Music has been a tradition in her family (with both her father and grandfather having worked as performers) - and music was a focal point in her upbringing. In Nashville, she attended Harpeth Hall - a girls' school with a national clientele and a strong performing arts program, counting Amy Grant and Reese Witherspoon among its alumnae. In 2002, at the age of 14, she was one of seven finalists (chosen by music industry professionals) at the second annual Nashville Grammy Showcase, hosted by the Nashville Chapter of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS). A versatile performer, she is primarily a singer-songwriter, but has also studied dance and has acted in various television productions, including an NBC Movie of the Week and several TV specials, among them a TNN Entertainment Special. On June 1, 2005, she also performed her song "Black Roses Red" on The Today Show on NBC.

From the age of 12, she has been active in supporting the Children's Miracle Network, which does fundraising for children's hospitals, such as through the Celebration Broadcast, a televised fundraising event at which she has performed. Other benefit performances include ones for the Grand Slam for Children and the James Redford Institute for Transplant Awareness. Alana studies vocal training with Brett Manning.

Alana performed on the entire Vans Warped Tour.

In March 2010, a new Alana Grace song, "7 Month Itch," from her upcoming third album, premiered on her official website for streaming. The song has more of a rock feel, and less electronica or pop than her other songs, which is how her upcoming album is going to be, according to Grace.^[1]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Break The Silence (February 27, 2007)
• With One Word (April 10, 2009)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Web Site
• MySpace Profile and Song Samples
• Official Twitter page