1930

Wednesday, 12 December 2012

1930

Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

Applied mathematics

Related Topics

Make changes yourself !
Login to edit and save this page

Send this Playlist by SMS

Email this Page

Clothing Of The Future - Clothing in The Year 2000

Order: Reorder

Duration: 1:37

Updated: 09 Dec 2012

A hilarious clip depicting what designers sometime around the 1930's thought fashion in 2000 would look like. Watch for the headlight hair accessory.
http://wn.com/Clothing_Of_The_Future_Clothing_in_The_Year_2000

Meet me down at Coney Island (1930)

Order: Reorder

Duration: 8:42

Updated: 15 Nov 2012

A FOX Movietone film from 1930 Note: Opening shots feature (In order) Bowling Green in Lower Manhattan, Washington Square Park and Central park.
http://wn.com/Meet_me_down_at_Coney_Island_1930

1930's Swimwear Fashion Film in Color

Order: Reorder

Duration: 2:31

Updated: 23 Nov 2012

vintagemakeupguide.com and glamourdaze.com Vintage Fashion Film archive. A visual treat for vintage swimwear enthusiasts. Hailing from the glamor days of the early 1930s, this rare color film is a beautiful visual archive of vintage women's swimsuits . Footage courtesy of the Internet Archive and Prelinger Archive.Music by Annette Hanshaw
http://wn.com/1930's_Swimwear_Fashion_Film_in_Color

(Rare!) Helen Keller & Anne Sullivan (1930 Newsreel Footage)

Order: Reorder

Duration: 2:59

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

Quite a rare material. Helen Keller, the American author, political activist and lecturer, whom I don't have to explain much about, and her instructor and lifelong companion, Anne Sullivan, appears in a Vitaphone newsreel from 1930. In this footage Sullivan shows the way how Helen Keller learned to talk. The final line of this footage, "I Am Not DUMB now!" is somewhat touching. I know this footage have been shown on lots of more recent materials, but I was little bit surprised that nobody uploaded this before on YT except some clips, so I upload the full-length version.
http://wn.com/Rare!_Helen_Keller_Anne_Sullivan_1930_Newsreel_Footage

1930s Fashion - Fashion and Design during the Depression

Order: Reorder

Duration: 6:54

Updated: 26 Nov 2012

Fashion during the "Great Depression"
http://wn.com/1930s_Fashion_Fashion_and_Design_during_the_Depression

Eye on LA TV show - 1930's Los Angeles

Order: Reorder

Duration: 4:25

Updated: 05 Dec 2012

Short from local Los Angeles TV show Eye on LA from 1983.
http://wn.com/Eye_on_LA_TV_show_1930's_Los_Angeles

1930s: The Great Depression and Racial Segregation

Order: Reorder

Duration: 7:24

Updated: 04 Dec 2012

Learn about the atmosphere of the 1930s, the Great Depression and racial segregation in the south as you prepare to read Harper Lee's famous novel, To Kill A Mockingbird. Homelessness, unemployment, segregation, and lynchings set the stage for Jem's and Scout's adventures in Maycomb, Alabama.
http://wn.com/1930s_The_Great_Depression_and_Racial_Segregation

A flight aboard the DoX - 1930

Order: Reorder

Duration: 3:02

Updated: 10 Dec 2012

Perhaps the most dramatic flying boat ever built was the giant Dornier Do X. Conceived by Dr. Claudius Dornier, the Do X design took seven years to complete and two years to build. The giant flying boat was finally launched on July 12th 1929. Financed by the German transport ministry, the plane was built on the Swiss portion of Altenrhein in order to avoid the Allied Commission. When complete, the Do X was the largest, heaviest and most powerful aircraft in the world. On October 21st, the plane took off carrying 169 people consisting of 150 passengers, 10 crew and 9 stowaways, easily breaking the world record for the number of people aboard a flight. A record that would not be tested for 15 years. Weighing 48 tons, the plane taxied for 50 seconds before slowly ascending to only 650 feet. It flew for 40 minutes at a maximum speed of 105 mph finally landing on Lake Constance. The luxurious accommodations and service on the Do X were in keeping with the standards of transatlantic liners. Several cabins on the main deck held passengers comfortably on 32 double seats and two single seats, while the cockpit, captain's cabin, navigational office, engine control room and radio office could be found on the upper deck along with quarters for the 14 man crew. The lower deck held fuel and stores. The plane was enormous with a wingspan of 157 feet 5 inches, a length of 134 feet 2 inches and a height of 33 feet. As a result of the massiveness of the plane, passengers were asked to ...
http://wn.com/A_flight_aboard_the_DoX_1930

Los Angeles History 1930's Crime Raymond Chandler Pt 1 of 3

Order: Reorder

Duration: 9:36

Updated: 26 Nov 2012

Great Documentary . Includes lots of 1930's street scenes and news footage
http://wn.com/Los_Angeles_History_1930's_Crime_Raymond_Chandler_Pt_1_of_3

Parov Stelar - The Phantom (1930 version)

Order: Reorder

Duration: 4:33

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

Socrates kld
http://wn.com/Parov_Stelar_The_Phantom_1930_version

US Dust Bowl of 1930's

Order: Reorder

Duration: 2:53

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

A segment from Discovery Channel's Making of a Continent about the dust bowl wind erosion of the 1930's
http://wn.com/US_Dust_Bowl_of_1930's

1930's Music

Order: Reorder

Duration: 4:56

Updated: 10 Dec 2012

project
http://wn.com/1930's_Music

Makeup 1930's

Order: Reorder

Duration: 3:51

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

I got it from Helena Rubinstein's site (www.helenarubinstein.com But now video is unavailable.
http://wn.com/Makeup_1930's

Mechanical Principles (1930) by Ralph Steiner [4min selection]

Order: Reorder

Duration: 4:13

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

This is my favorite 4min selection of a larger work by Ralph Steiner. The original was silent, and the DVD had it set to classical music. I have swapped the audio for an electronica/industrial track by 3 Liquid Hz - Little Boy. Favorite movements: @ 1:16 - counter mechanism @ 2:55 - normal gears, but cut to engage on diagonals @ 3:37 - SQUARE GEARS! @ 3:41 - variable speed transfer @ 3:46 - rotary to linear action with a 4 tooth cog Several users have commented that these gears may be on display at The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, IL.
http://wn.com/Mechanical_Principles_1930_by_Ralph_Steiner_4min_selection_

It's A Bird (1930)

Order: Reorder

Duration: 3:03

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

Excerpt from a bizarre early stop-motion animation piece featuring Charley Bowers and a metal-eating bird. The creature devours junk from an auto scrapyard, then lays an egg that hatches and grows into a brand new car! Very impressive FX and way before CGI. Directed by Harold L. Muller.
http://wn.com/It's_A_Bird_1930

..." style="float: right; margin-right: 25px;">
Unemployment in the 1930's & the lessons for 2012

Order: Reorder

Duration: 11:20

Updated: 02 Dec 2012

Forced labour called "Workfare" in modern Britain 2012 - are we going back to the dark ages? Unemployment in the UK, once described as a thing of the past, but yet again we're heading towards 1930s levels. Most new jobs are badly paid or part time. Many who managed to substantially increase their wages in the 1980s have seen their dreams turn sour ever since Mortgage debt, repossession, and the threat of slum-like temporary accommodation are a serious reality a direct result from the ConDem counter-reformation. Benefit claimants, those who are sick & disabled face eviction as a result of "Housing Benefit Cap" The rich have got much richer, but in direct proportion poverty has returned with a vengeance. While the profits of banks, arms manufacturers, big monopolies and commodity speculators have soared - the price of food as soared as a direct result of capitalist speculators on the world stock markets seeking higher profits. From Ramsay MacDonald to Jim Callaghan & Tony Blair from their first government to their last, the Labour Party has to all intents and purposes been indistinguishable from the Tories. At home and abroad Labour was as loyal to the British state and its interests as the Tories. Labour broke strikes and sustained the status quo in Britain - Ed Miliband is already making it known regarding his views on "strikes". We want a modern Labour Party with vision, a party based on democratic socialism. Socialism is a system of production based on the actual human ...
http://wn.com/Unemployment_in_the_1930's_the_lessons_for_2012

MARLENE DIETRICH 1930s MAKE-UP TUTORIAL

Order: Reorder

Duration: 15:16

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

Estimated time : 25-30 minutes How do I research signature looks? www.pixiwoo.blogspot.com PRODUCTS USED Benefit Playstick foundation in Jax Laura Mercier Secret Camoflage Concealer Benefit High brow Benefit luster dust in Nugget Bobbi Brown eyeshadows in Bone, Taupe and Mahogany Eyeko Graffiti eyeliner pen Rimmel Sexy Curves mascara Revlon Fantasy false eyelashes Bourjois Pressed powder in medium beige MAC lip pencil in Red Beaute weightless lip creme in Masochist. Silly FTC thing. Yes, I got all these products for free. No, I am not paid by or affiliated to any of these brands.
http://wn.com/MARLENE_DIETRICH_1930s_MAKE-UP_TUTORIAL

Buñuel L'AGE D'OR 1930, Erothic escene

Order: Reorder

Duration: 10:01

Updated: 08 Dec 2012

Visitame en: www.facebook.com L'Âge d'Or (The Golden Age) is a 1930 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel and written by Buñuel and Salvador Dalí.
http://wn.com/Buñuel_L'AGE_D'OR_1930,_Erothic_escene

1930's Farm Life Home Movie

Order: Reorder

Duration: 2:20

Updated: 03 Dec 2012

This is a 16MM home movie of farm life in the 1930's, especially tractors and even a tractor pulling a shed. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/1930's_Farm_Life_Home_Movie

Flip The Frog - Fiddlesticks (1930)

Order: Reorder

Duration: 6:12

Updated: 11 Dec 2012

Flip the Frog was Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's first sound cartoon. It is about a happy-go-lucky, needy frog, named Flip the Frog. This cartoon was created by Ub Iwerks in 1930. He had drawn a frog and his girlfriend in "Night'", one of the last Silly Symphonies short films he drew while working for Walt Disney. After leaving Disney, Ub Iwerks began the Flip cartoon series with the help of Pat Powers. The first cartoon that Ub Iwerks made for the series was called Fiddlesticks (released on August 16, 1930), and it was also the first color sound cartoon ever made. Fiddlesticks was made in two-color Technicolor. The rest of the Flip series were made in black and white, except for Techno-Cracked (1933).
http://wn.com/Flip_The_Frog_Fiddlesticks_1930

Havana, Cuba 1930s

Order: Reorder

Duration: 8:44

Updated: 09 Dec 2012

A tour of the city of Havana, Cuba in the 1930s filmed by Andre de la Varre. Footage from this subject is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com
http://wn.com/Havana,_Cuba_1930s

Sport Gliding in the 1930's

Order: Reorder

Duration: 7:14

Updated: 10 Dec 2012

More vintage sailplanes and a couple of clips featuring Robert Kronfeld the Austrian glider champion of the day.
http://wn.com/Sport_Gliding_in_the_1930's

Japan of 1930's

Order: Reorder

Duration: 10:24

Updated: 09 Dec 2012

Color Japan documentary film of 1930's recorded by an American
http://wn.com/Japan_of_1930's

Play next

List all Videos

Autoplay

Autorepeat

Shuffle

Replay

Uploaded:

Today

This Week

This Month

Anytime

Sort by:

Relevance

Date

Popular

Rating

Sign up and save playlist Save playlist
I have an account, login

1:37

Clothing Of The Future - Clothing in The Year 2000

A hilarious clip depicting what designers sometime around the 1930's thought fashion in 20...

published: 20 Mar 2008

author: HarmoniousPosh

Clothing Of The Future - Clothing in The Year 2000

8:42

Meet me down at Coney Island (1930)

A FOX Movietone film from 1930 Note: Opening shots feature (In order) Bowling Green in Low...

published: 15 Dec 2006

author: dutchmazz

Meet me down at Coney Island (1930)

2:31

1930's Swimwear Fashion Film in Color

vintagemakeupguide.com and glamourdaze.com Vintage Fashion Film archive. A visual treat fo...

published: 24 Jun 2011

author: glamourdaze

1930's Swimwear Fashion Film in Color

2:59

(Rare!) Helen Keller & Anne Sullivan (1930 Newsreel Footage)

Quite a rare material. Helen Keller, the American author, political activist and lecturer,...

published: 27 Jun 2009

author: transformingArt

(Rare!) Helen Keller & Anne Sullivan (1930 Newsreel Footage)

6:54

1930s Fashion - Fashion and Design during the Depression

Fashion during the "Great Depression"...

published: 09 Jul 2007

author: SandraLondon63

1930s Fashion - Fashion and Design during the Depression

4:25

Eye on LA TV show - 1930's Los Angeles

Short from local Los Angeles TV show Eye on LA from 1983....

published: 08 Jan 2011

author: hipsville

Eye on LA TV show - 1930's Los Angeles

7:24

1930s: The Great Depression and Racial Segregation

Learn about the atmosphere of the 1930s, the Great Depression and racial segregation in th...

published: 29 Nov 2010

author: JaneNatoli

1930s: The Great Depression and Racial Segregation

3:02

A flight aboard the DoX - 1930

Perhaps the most dramatic flying boat ever built was the giant Dornier Do X. Conceived by ...

published: 27 Nov 2008

author: Bomberguy

A flight aboard the DoX - 1930

9:36

Los Angeles History 1930's Crime Raymond Chandler Pt 1 of 3

Great Documentary . Includes lots of 1930's street scenes and news footage...

published: 28 Jul 2009

author: wksufreshair

Los Angeles History 1930's Crime Raymond Chandler Pt 1 of 3

4:33

Parov Stelar - The Phantom (1930 version)

Socrates kld...

published: 23 Jun 2010

author: Socrates Kld

Parov Stelar - The Phantom (1930 version)

2:53

US Dust Bowl of 1930's

A segment from Discovery Channel's Making of a Continent about the dust bowl wind erosion ...

published: 23 Oct 2007

author: Kaplah1

US Dust Bowl of 1930's

4:56

1930's Music

project...

published: 19 Dec 2008

author: everybodysdoingit

1930's Music

3:51

Makeup 1930's

I got it from Helena Rubinstein's site (www.helenarubinstein.com But now video is unavaila...

published: 05 May 2008

author: swinginglance

Makeup 1930's

4:13

Mechanical Principles (1930) by Ralph Steiner [4min selection]

This is my favorite 4min selection of a larger work by Ralph Steiner. The original was sil...

published: 14 Sep 2009

author: VertikalDesign

Mechanical Principles (1930) by Ralph Steiner [4min selection]

Youtube results:

3:03

It's A Bird (1930)

Excerpt from a bizarre early stop-motion animation piece featuring Charley Bowers and a me...

published: 20 May 2007

author: turkeytv

It's A Bird (1930)

11:20

Unemployment in the 1930's & the lessons for 2012

Forced labour called "Workfare" in modern Britain 2012 - are we going back to the dark age...

published: 07 Mar 2012

author: spirerich1917

Unemployment in the 1930's & the lessons for 2012

15:16

MARLENE DIETRICH 1930s MAKE-UP TUTORIAL

Estimated time : 25-30 minutes How do I research signature looks? www.pixiwoo.blogspot.com...

published: 04 Dec 2009

author: pixiwoo

MARLENE DIETRICH 1930s MAKE-UP TUTORIAL

10:01

Buñuel L'AGE D'OR 1930, Erothic escene

Visitame en: www.facebook.com L'Âge d'Or (The Golden Age) is a 1930 surrealist film direct...

published: 13 Jul 2008

author: Felipe Ruiz de Chávez

Buñuel L'AGE D'OR 1930, Erothic escene

Show more results Remove Add to playlist

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color"> <div class="video_facebook"> <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20121212081733/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/1930&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a> </div> <a class="playlistitem" id="<%= id %>"> <div class="thumb border_color bgr_color rounded"> <div class="clip"> <div class="thumb_play"></div> <img width="110" height="82" alt="<%= title %>" src="/web/20121212081733im_/http://wn.com/<%= thumbnailUrl %>"/> <div class="duration opacity"><%= durationStr %></div> </div> </div> <div class="video-title font_color"><%= title %></div> </a> <span class="playlistitemremove" title="Click to remove from playlist" data-title="Click to remove from playlist"></span> <span class="description-content" style="display:none;"><%= tooltipContentBody %></span> </li> <li class="playlistitemli list"><div class="item border_color"> <div class="video_facebook"> <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20121212081733/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/1930&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a> </div> <a class="playlistitem ellipsis" id="<%= id %>" href="#"> <span class="title"><%= title %></span>... <span class="playlistitemremove" title="Click to remove from playlist" data-title="Click to remove from playlist"></span></a> <span class="duration"><%= durationStr %></span> <span class="description-content" style="display:none;"><%= tooltipContentBody %></span> </div></li>

photo: AP / Reed Saxon

Singer feared dead in Mexico plane crash
Al Jazeera
10 Dec 2012

read more

The wreckage of a small plane believed to be carrying Mexican-American singing superstar Jenni Rivera has been found in northern Mexico and there are no apparent survivors, authorities said. Transportation and Communications Minister Gerardo Ruiz Esparza said on Sunday that "everything points toward" it being the US-registered Learjet 25 carrying Rivera and six other people from Monterrey en route to Toluca, Mexico ... 192 Source . ... Share ... ....(size: 17.5Kb)

photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady

Are U.S. Wars and Politics Primitive?
WorldNews.com
10 Dec 2012

read more

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. In the desert of central Australia still resides a primitive tribe known as the Arunta. This non-technological and stateless group, which mainly depends on hunting and gathering, had suffered several inexplicable deaths ... Therefore, they organized an atinga, or revenge group ... When the guiltless tribe learned of their approach, they sent out a delegation of young women as a token of peace....(size: 5.8Kb)

photo: AP / Todd Williamson

Lamentan muerte de Jenni Rivera
Yahoo Daily News
10 Dec 2012

read more

MÉXICO, D.F., diciembre 9 (EL UNIVERSAL).- La Voz México, programa de talentos de Televisa, confirmó la muerte de la cantante Jenni Rivera, a través de su Twitter. "Que toquen fuerte las bandas, suelten por mí mariposas, apláudanme con sus palmas... http.//twitpic.com/bkmhl0 .Descanse en paz Jenni Rivera" ... Además, anunció un homenaje luctuoso dedicado a la cantante ... Descanse en Paz" ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

photo: AP / Bullit Marquez

Typhoon ‘Pablo’ toll: 714 confirmed dead, 890 missing
The Daily Tribune
11 Dec 2012

read more

The death toll brought about by typhoon “Pablo” continued to rise with 714 persons confirmed dead by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) yesterday while those missing ballooned to 890 as massive search, retrieval and relief operations continue in the typhoon-ravaged areas in Mindanao ... 4 ... They were subsequently brought to Caraga Regional Hospital ... (NHMFC) (P100,000) ... With AFP ....(size: 5.4Kb)

photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein

'Long way to go' on justice for Afghan women - UN
BBC News
11 Dec 2012

read more

Afghan women victims of violence are still being failed by the justice system, according to a new UN report. Although there had been some progress in implementing a 2009 anti-violence law, overall use of the law "remained low", the report says. Cultural pressures and inconsistent police practices are hampering implementation of the law, it added ... 'Tip of the iceberg' ... Afghan victims of sexual abuse rarely speak out ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)

timeline:

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

Science conclave: 'Minds can make mistakes, machines fail'
The Times of India
12 Dec 2012

read more

ALLAHABAD. On the fourth day of the ongoing Science conclave at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIIT-A) Joseph Sifakis, Greek-French computer scientist, and winner of the 2007 Turing Award said computing had been evolving for the last 79 years, adding that computing and mathematics go hand in hand ... (1930's); Automatic Computing (1940s); Information Processing (1950s) and Computation (1990s) ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)

Ravi Shankar, sitarist and muse, dies at 92
Philadelphia Daily News
12 Dec 2012

read more

The Beatles' George Harrison had called him the "godfather of world music.". David Wilson and Siddharth Philip, Bloomberg News. Posted. Wednesday, December 12, 2012, 3.01 AM. Ravi Shankar, 92, the sitar player and composer described as the "godfather of world music" by Beatles guitarist George Harrison, has died. Mr ... Shankar's tutelage ... In 1967, Mr ... From the News Desk. Latest Videos ... ... He moved to Paris with his mother in 1930 ... ....(size: 17.9Kb)

Beatles Muse Ravi Shankar, Father of Norah Jones, Dies
Bloomberg
12 Dec 2012

read more

Ravi Shankar, the sitar player and composer described as the “godfather of world music” by Beatles guitarist George Harrison, has died. He was 92. Shankar, who first performed internationally as a child, devoted his adult life to Indian classical music ... Two years later, he played at the Woodstock festival ... The ensemble settled in Paris in 1930 and Shankar moved there with his mother, who had agreed to accompany Uday ... Carnegie Hall 2000 .”....(size: 8.4Kb)

Ravi Shankar dies
The Guardian
12 Dec 2012

read more

Indian Sitar maestro who took instrument to the world and collaborated with western greats has died aged 92 in San Diego. Ravi Shankar in 1971 performing at the Concert for Bangladesh held in New York. Photograph. Corbis/Henry Diltz ... But his first commitment was to dance ... Ravi, along with his mother and brothers, moved to Paris in 1930 to be with him, and Ravi became the youngest member of the company, specialising in cameo dance roles ... ....(size: 8.9Kb)

When government does things better than private enterprise
The Los Angeles Times
12 Dec 2012

read more

Budget discussions in Washington these days always seem to deteriorate into arguments over what government is supposed to do for its citizens, and what should be left aside ... When it's cheaper ... Michael Hiltzik. Also ... In 2010, New Jersey Gov ... Only the government could manage the multipurpose structure we have today, which has helped fuel population growth in the seven states of the Colorado basin by more than 40 million people since 1930 ... ....(size: 37.1Kb)

Federal funding cut, state law challenged on toll road Red Route
The News & Observer
12 Dec 2012

read more

Email Print Order Reprint Share This. Text. tool name. tool goes here. By Bruce Siceloff -. By Bruce Siceloff The News and Observer. Tags. . . ... The road project may be dead unless state law is changed ... No dice, the Federal Highway Administration and the U.S ... In a Dec ... Five other crashes have been reported, and two people injured, since 2007 at a narrow bridge built in 1930 as part of a state road that runs through Orange County and Durham ... ....(size: 15.3Kb)

I-95 Tolls In Virginia Draw Opposition In Southside Counties
Huffington Post
12 Dec 2012

read more

SUSSEX -- Hundreds of residents of this rural Southside county overwhelmed with opposition Monday night an interstate highway toll operation that speakers said would drain resources from one of the state's poorest regions ... A sign emblazoned on the trailer read, "The Grinch Who Tolled Christmas" -- a less-than-polite reference to Gov ... Howell, R-Stafford ... And Del. Roslyn C ... bmckelway@timesdispatch.com ... (804) 649-6601 ___ ... Pictured in 1930 ... 3k....(size: 10.5Kb)

Inside the Risky Bets of Central Banks
Wall Street Journal
12 Dec 2012

read more

By JON HILSENRATH and BRIAN BLACKSTONE. BASEL, Switzerland—Every two months, more than a dozen bankers meet here on Sunday evenings to talk and dine on the 18th floor of a cylindrical building looking out on the Rhine ... The U.S ... Enlarge Image. Close. Another worry ... Bernanke ... Mr ... The role of the Bank for International Settlements has broadened since it was formed in 1930 to handle reparation payments imposed on Germany after World War I....(size: 15.0Kb)

Jewel-Osco announces last Hostess baked goods shipment hits shelves Tuesday
Chicago Sun-Times
11 Dec 2012

read more

Updated. December 10, 2012 6.48PM. Jewel-Osco said Monday that the final shipment of Hostess Brands baked goods, including Twinkies, will be delivered and sold at Chicago area Jewel stores Tuesday morning ... The Twinkie was created by the Schiller Park bakery manager in 1930. Sun-Times Media ....(size: 1.5Kb)

For her birthday Jeanette Neuman would like a beer
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
11 Dec 2012

read more

Jeanette Neuman is known for her indestructible fruitcake, which, fortunately, is also delicious. Mrs. Neuman, who turns 100 on Dec ... Sam, her husband of 68 years, lives in a nearby veterans facility ... She graduated from Beaver Falls High School in 1930 and attended Carnegie Institute of Technology to study dietetics ... Mrs ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)

Want one last Twinkie? Jewel-Osco’s final Hostess shipment hits shelves Tuesday
Chicago Sun-Times
11 Dec 2012

read more

Updated. December 11, 2012 7.59AM. Jewel-Osco said Monday that the final shipment of Hostess Brands baked goods, including Twinkies, will be delivered and sold at Chicago area Jewel stores Tuesday morning ... The Twinkie was created by the Schiller Park bakery manager in 1930. Sun-Times Media ....(size: 1.5Kb)

Chicago! Last Twinkie Call (Video)
The Examiner
11 Dec 2012

read more

Jewel-Osco in the Chicago land area has received final shipment of the nationally famous Hostess twinkie, ding dong and zingers ... The products have been distributed among 150 Jewel-Osco’s stores throughout the city ... CHICAGO, IL - DECEMBER 11 ... Photo credit.  ... The Hostess company was founded in “1930”, and the makers of the popular Wonder Bread . ....(size: 1.8Kb)

Letter: Country must cut Social Security
Knox News
11 Dec 2012

read more

Glenn Marshall, Knoxville. We Americans have a problem with basic arithmetic. Social Security began in 1935 with the assumption there would always be many times more workers than retirees, which is necessary because a portion of benefits paid to recipients would always come from current workers ... The 1930 census listed the population at 123 million, 6.7 million (5.4 percent) of whom were age 65 or older ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)

timeline:

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

This article is about the year 1930. For the Merzbow album, see 1930 (album).

Millennium: 2nd millennium

Centuries: 19th century – 20th century – 21st century

Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s – 1930s – 1940s 1950s 1960s

Years: 1927 1928 1929 – 1930 – 1931 1932 1933

1930 by topic:

Subject

Archaeology

Architecture

Art

Aviation

Awards

Comics

Film

Literature (Poetry)

Meteorology

Music (Country)

Rail transport

Radio

Science

Sports

Television

By country

Australia

Canada

China

Ecuador

France

Germany

Greece

India

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Malaya

Mexico

New Zealand

Norway

Palestine Mandate

Philippines

Singapore

South Africa

Soviet Union

United Kingdom

United States

Leaders

Sovereign states

State leaders

Religious leaders

Law

Birth and death categories

Births

Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments

Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works

Introductions

v

t

e

1930 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1930
MCMXXX

Ab urbe condita 2683

Armenian calendar 1379
ԹՎ ՌՅՀԹ

Assyrian calendar 6680

Bahá'í calendar 86–87

Bengali calendar 1337

Berber calendar 2880

British Regnal year 19 Geo. 5 – 20 Geo. 5

Buddhist calendar 2474

Burmese calendar 1292

Byzantine calendar 7438–7439

Chinese calendar 己巳年十二月初二日
(4566/4626-12-2)
— to —
庚午年十一月十二日
(4567/4627-11-12)

Coptic calendar 1646–1647

Ethiopian calendar 1922–1923

Hebrew calendar 5690–5691

Hindu calendars

- Vikram Samvat 1986–1987

- Shaka Samvat 1852–1853

- Kali Yuga 5031–5032

Holocene calendar 11930

Iranian calendar 1308–1309

Islamic calendar 1348–1349

Japanese calendar Shōwa 5
(昭和5年)

Julian calendar Gregorian minus 13 days

Korean calendar 4263

Minguo calendar ROC 19
民國19年

Thai solar calendar 2473

This box:

view

talk

edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1930

Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Events [link]

January [link]

January 6

The first diesel engine automobile trip is completed (Indianapolis, Indiana, to New York City) by Clessie Cummins, founder of the Cummins Motor Co..

The first literary character licensing agreement is signed by A. A. Milne, granting Stephen Slesinger U.S. and Canadian merchandising rights to the Winnie-the-Pooh works.

January 13 – The Mickey Mouse comic strip makes its first appearance.

January 26 – The Indian National Congress declares 26 January as Independence Day or as the day for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence).

January 30 – The first radiosonde is launched in Pavlovsk, USSR.

January 31 – The 3M company markets Scotch Tape.

February [link]

2 February - The Communist Party of Vietnam is established.

February 18

While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh confirms the existence of Pluto, a heavenly body considered a planet until 2006, when the term "planet" was officially defined. Pluto is now considered a Dwarf Planet.

Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in an airplane, and also the first cow to be milked in an airplane.

March [link]

March 2 – Mahatma Gandhi informs the British viceroy of India that civil disobedience will begin 9 days later.

March 5 – Danish painter Einar Wegener goes through a sexual reassignment surgery and takes the name Lili Elbe.

March 6 – The first frozen foods of Clarence Birdseye go on sale in Springfield, Massachusetts.

March 12 – Mahatma Gandhi sets off on a 200-mile protest march towards the sea with 78 followers to protest the British monopoly on salt; more will join them during the Salt March that ends on April 5.

March 28 – Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara.

March 29 – Heinrich Brüning is appointed German Reichskanzler.

March 31 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted in the United States, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next 40 years.

April [link]

April 4 – The Communist Party of Panama is founded.

April 5 – In an act of civil disobedience, Mahatma Gandhi breaks British law after marching to the sea and making salt.

April 6

International Left Opposition (ILO) is founded in Paris, France.

Hostess Twinkies are invented.

April 17 – Neoprene is invented.

April 18

The Chittagong Rebellion begins in India.

The BBC Radio Service from London, somewhat infamously, reports on this day that "There is no news".

April 19 – Warner Bros. release their first cartoon series called 'Looney Tunes' which runs until 1970.

April 21

A fire in the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus kills 320 people.

The Turkestan-Siberia Railway is completed.

April 22 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.

April 28 – The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas.

May [link]

May 4 or May 5 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested again.

May 6 – The Great Salmas Earthquake in Iran (7.3 on the Richter Scale) kills 4,000 people.

May 10 – The National Pan-Hellenic Council is founded in Washington, D.C..

May 15 – Aboard a Boeing tri-motor, Ellen Church becomes the first airline stewardess (the flight was from Oakland, California to Chicago, Illinois).

May 16 – Rafael Leónidas Trujillo is elected president of the Dominican Republic.

May 17 – French Prime Minister André Tardieu decides to withdraw the remaining French troops from the Rhineland (they depart by June 30).

May 24 – Amy Johnson lands in Darwin, Australia, becoming the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia (she left on May 5 for the 11,000 mile flight).

May 27 – Richard Drew invents the masking tape

May 30

Sergei Eisenstein arrives in Hollywood to work for Paramount Pictures; they part ways by October.

William "Red" Hill Sr. makes his famous five-hour journey down the Niagara lower rapids.

June [link]

June 9 – Chicago Tribune journalist Jake Lingle is shot in Chicago, Illinois. Newspapers promise $55,000 reward for information. Lingle is later found to have had contacts with organized crime.

June 14 – Bureau of Narcotics (under Department of the Treasury) established.

June 17 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act into law.

June 21 – One-year conscription comes into force in France.

July [link]

July 4 – The dedication of George Washington's head is held at Mount Rushmore.

July 5 – The Seventh Lambeth Conference of Anglican Christian bishops opens. This conference approved the use of artificial birth control in limited circumstances, marking a controversial turning point in Christian views on contraception.

July 7

The Lapua Movement marches in Helsinki, Finland.

Building of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam) is started.

July 13 – The first FIFA World Cup starts: Lucien Laurent scores the first goal, for France against Mexico.

July 21 – United States Department of Veterans Affairs established.

July 25 – Laurence Olivier marries Jill Esmond.

July 26 – Charles Creighton and James Hargis of Missouri begin their return journey to Los Angeles, driving 11,555 km using only a reverse gear; the trip lasts the next 42 days.

July 28 – Richard Bennett defeats William Lyon Mackenzie King in federal elections and becomes the Prime Minister of Canada.

July 30

Uruguay beats Argentina 4–2 in the first association football World Cup Final.

New York station W2XBS is put in charge of NBC broadcast engineers.

July 31 – The radio drama The Shadow airs for the first time.

August [link]

August 6 – Judge Joseph Force Crater steps into a taxi in New York and disappears.

August 7

Richard Bennett becomes Canada's eleventh prime minister.

Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith are lynched in Marion, Indiana. James Cameron survives. This would be the last lynching of African Americans in a northern U.S. state.

August 9 – Betty Boop premiers in the animated film Dizzy Dishes.

August 12 – Turkish troops move into Persia to fight Kurdish insurgents.

August 21 – Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret,was born. The younger daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York (second son of King George V and Queen Mary, and later King George VI) and Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), and sister to The Princess Elizabeth NB. Prince Albert becomes King George VI in December 1936 after the abdication of his older brother, Edward VIII.

August 27 – A military junta takes over in Peru.

September [link]

September 6 – José Félix Uriburu carries out a successful military coup, overthrowing Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina.

September 12 – Cricket player Wilfred Rhodes ends his 1,110-game first-class career by taking 5 for 95 for H.D.G. Leveson Gower's XI against the Australians.

September 14 – National Socialists win 107 seats in the German Parliament (18.3% of all the votes), making them the second largest party.

September 20 – The Eastern Catholic Rite Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is formed.

September 27 – İsmet İnönü forms new government in Turkey. (6th government)

October [link]

October 5 – British Airship R101 crashes in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.

October 24 – Revolution of 1930: Getúlio Dornelles Vargas takes power in Brazil.

October 27 – ratifications exchanged in London, for the first London Naval Treaty signed in April modifying the 1925 Washington Naval Treaty and the arms limitation treaty's modified provisions go into effect immediately; further limiting the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories.

November [link]

November 2 – Haile Selassie is crowned emperor of Ethiopia.

November 3 – Getúlio Vargas becomes president of Brazil.

November 25

An earthquake in the Izu Peninsula of Japan kills 223 people and destroys 650 buildings.

Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Sheffield Royal Infirmary in England, achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using penicillin.^[1]

December [link]

December – Turkish women are given the right to vote.

December 2 – Great Depression: U.S. President Herbert Hoover goes before Congress and asks for a US$150 million public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy.

December 7 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts broadcasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The broadcast also includes the first television commercial in the United States, an advertisement for I.J. Fox Furriers, who sponsored the radio show.

December 19 – Mount Merapi volcano in central Java, Indonesia, erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing thirteen hundred.

December 24 – In London, Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrates his device to project pictures to the clouds.

December 28 – Mahatma Gandhi leaves for Britain for negotiations.

December 29 – Sir Muhammad Iqbal's presidential address in Allahabad introduces the Two-Nation Theory, outlining a vision for the creation of Pakistan.

December 31 – Papal encyclical Casti Connubii promulgated by Pope Pius XI stresses the sanctity of marriage, prohibits Catholics from using any form of artificial birth control and reaffirms the prohibition on abortion.

Date unknown [link]

The British White Paper demands restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine.

The Federal Bureau of Narcotics replaces the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit.

A Jake paralysis outbreak occurs in United States.

Bernhard Schmidt invents the Schmidt camera.[1]

The chocolate chip cookie is invented by Ruth Wakefield.

A massive hurricane in the Caribbean almost demolishes the city of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

W9XAP in Chicago, Illinois, broadcasts the U.S. senatorial election returns, which is the first time a senatorial race, with non-stop vote tallies, is ever televised.

1930–1931 – Crazy Horse's lifelong friend, He Dog, is interviewed by journalist Eleanor Hinman and Nebraska writer Mari Sandoz.

Sudbury, Ontario, Canada is incorporated as a city.

Europeans are 38% of world population.^{[citation needed]}

The Indochinese Communist Party is formed some time in October.

Births [link]

January [link]

January 1 – Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (d. 2009)

January 2

Julius LaRosa, American singer

Robert Loggia, American actor

January 3 – Barbara Stuart, American actress (d. 2011)

January 4 – Sorrell Booke, American actor (d. 1994)

January 5 – Jesús Rosas Marcano, Venezuelan poet (d. 2001)

January 6

Charles Kalani, Jr., Asian-American actor (d. 2000)

Vic Tayback, American actor (d. 1990)

January 10 – Roy E. Disney, American film and television executive (d. 2009)

January 12 – Jennifer Johnston, Irish writer

January 19 – Tippi Hedren, American actress

January 20 – Buzz Aldrin, American pilot and astronaut, Apollo 11 second person to set foot on the Moon

January 23 – Derek Walcott, West Indian writer, Nobel Prize laureate

January 24 – Rita Lakin, American author

January 26 – John Straffen, British serial killer (d. 2007)

January 27 – Bobby Bland, American singer

January 30

Samuel Byck, American airplane hijacker and murderer (d. 1974)

Gene Hackman, American actor

February [link]

February 1 – Hussain Muhammad Ershad, former President of Bangladesh

February 6 – Allan King, Canadian director (d. 2009)

February 8

Alejandro Rey, Argentine-American actor (d. 1987)

Jim Dooley, American football coach (d. 2008)

February 10 – Robert Wagner, American actor

February 12 – Arlen Specter, American politician

February 15 – Sarah Jane Moore, American prisoner

February 16

Peter Adamson, British actor (d. 2002)

Noah Weinberg, American-born Israeli rabbi, founder of Aish HaTorah (d. 2009)

February 19 – John Frankenheimer, American film director (d. 2002)

February 20 – Ken Jones, British actor

February 22

Marni Nixon, American singer and actress

James McGarrell, American painter

February 24

Joan Diener, American musical theatre actress and singer (d. 2006)

Anita Steckel, American feminist artist (d. 2012)

February 27

Joanne Woodward, American actress

Peter Stone, American writer (d. 2003)

February 28 – Leon Neil Cooper, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

March [link]

March 2 – Tom Wolfe, American author and novelist

March 3

Heiner Geissler, German politician

K. S. Rajah, Senior Counsel and former Judicial Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Singapore (d. 2010)

Ion Iliescu, former President of Romania

March 6

Allison Hayes, American actress (d. 1977)

Lorin Maazel, French-born conductor

March 7 – Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon

March 10 – Claude Bolling, French jazz pianist and composer

March 13 – Liz Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter

March 15 – Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

March 17 – James Irwin, American astronaut (d. 1991)

March 19 – Ornette Coleman, American musician

March 20 – Willie Thrower, American football player

March 22

Pat Robertson, American televangelist

Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist

March 24

David Dacko, first President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003)

Steve McQueen, American actor (d. 1980)

March 25 – John Keel, American author

March 26 – Sandra Day O'Connor, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1981–2006)

March 27 – David Janssen, American actor (d. 1980)

March 28 – Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

March 30

John Astin, American actor

Rolf Harris, Australian-born entertainer

April [link]

April 1 – Grace Lee Whitney, American actress

April 3

Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator and the Governor of Florida (d. 1998)

Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany

April 8 – Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma (d. 2010)

April 10 – Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (d. 2001)

April 11 – Anton LaVey, American Satanist (d. 1997)

April 12 – Michał Życzkowski, Polish Professor of Engineering (d. 2006)

April 15 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland

April 16

Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist (d. 2003)

Carol Bly, American author of short stories, essays, and nonfiction; teacher (d. 2007)

April 19 – Dick Sargent, American actor and gay activist (d. 1994)

April 21 – Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (d. 1989)

April 24 – Richard Donner, American film director and producer

April 25 – Paul Mazursky, American director and writer

April 28 – Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983)

April 29 – Jean Rochefort, French actor

May [link]

May 3 – Bob Havens, American musician

May 4

Roberta Peters, American soprano

Katherine Jackson, Jackson Family matriarch

May 8 – Heather Harper, Northern Irish soprano

May 9 – Joan Sims, English actress (d. 2001)

May 10 – Pat Summerall, American football player and broadcaster

May 11 – Bud Ekins, American stuntman (d. 2007)

May 15 – Jasper Johns, American painter

May 19 – Lorraine Hansberry, American playwright (d. 1965)

May 21 – Malcolm Fraser, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia

May 22

John Barth, American writer

Harvey Milk, American politician and civil rights activist (d. 1978)

Agustín Tosco, Argentine union leader (d. 1975)

May 31 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, and producer

June [link]

June 1 – Edward Woodward, British actor (d. 2009)

June 2 – Charles Conrad, American astronaut and moonwalker, commander of Apollo 12 (d. 1999)

June 8 – Robert Aumann, German-born mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics

June 9 – Monique Serf, French singer (d. 1997)

June 11 – Charles B. Rangel, African-American politician

June 12 – Jim Nabors, American actor, musician, and comedian

June 17 – Brian Statham, English cricketer (d. 2000)

June 19 – Gena Rowlands, American actress

June 22 – Yuri Artyukhin, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1998)

June 24

Claude Chabrol, French film director (d. 2010)

William B. Ziff, Jr., American publishing executive (d. 2006)

June 25 – László Antal, Hungarian linguist (d. 1993)

June 27 – Ross Perot, American billionaire and politician

June 28 – Itamar Franco, President of Brazil

July [link]

July 2

Carlos Menem, President of Argentina

Magdalen Redman, American professional baseball player

July 3 – Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (d. 2004)

July 4

Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Armenian actor (d. 1993)

George Steinbrenner, American big businessman and then baseball team owner (d. 2010)

July 9 – Buddy Bregman, American musical arranger

July 11 – Harold Bloom, American literary critic

July 15

Jacques Derrida, Algerian-born French literary critic (d. 2004)

Betty Wagoner, American professional baseball player (d. 2006)

July 22 – Jeremy Lloyd, British actor and screenwriter

July 25

Maureen Forrester, Canadian contralto (d. 2010)

Murray Chapple, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1985)

July 28 – Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (d. 2006)

August [link]

August 1 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist

August 5 – Neil Armstrong, American astronaut, first human to set foot on the Moon, Commander of Apollo 11

August 6 – Abbey Lincoln, American singer (d. 2010)

August 12 – George Soros, Hungarian-born investor

August 13 – Don Ho, Hawaiian singer & musician (d. 2007)

August 16 – Robert Culp, American actor (d. 2010)

August 17 – Ted Hughes, English poet (d. 1998)

August 19 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (d. 2009)

August 21 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002)

August 23 – Mickey McMahan, American big band musician (d. 2008)

August 25 – Sean Connery, Scottish actor

August 27 – Gholamreza Takhti, Iranian wrestler (d. 1968)

August 28 – Ben Gazzara, American actor (d. 2012)

August 30 – Warren Buffett, American billionaire entrepreneur

September [link]

September 3 – Cherry Wilder, New Zealand author (d. 2002)

September 9 – Frank Lucas, African-American drug lord

September 7

King Baudouin I of Belgium (d. 1993)

Sonny Rollins, American jazz saxophonist

September 11

Cathryn Damon, American actress (d. 1987)

Renzo Montagnani, Italian actor (d. 1997)

September 13

Mary Baumgartner, American female professional baseball player

Bola Ige, Nigerian politician (d. 2001)

September 16 – Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011)

September 20 – Kenneth Mopeli, Chief Minister of QwaQwa bantustan

September 21 – Dawn Addams, British actress (d. 1985)

September 23

Ray Charles, American singer and musician (d. 2004)

Colin Blakely, English actor (d. 1987)

September 24 – Angelo Muscat, Maltese actor (d. 1977)

September 25 – Shel Silverstein, American author, poet, and humorist (d. 1999)

September 26

Philip Bosco, American actor

Fritz Wunderlich, German tenor (d. 1966)

October [link]

October 1

Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002)

Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006)

Erica Yohn, American actress

October 5

Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2009)

Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel Prize laureate

October 6 – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (d. 2000)

October 8 – Tōru Takemitsu, Japanese composer (d. 1996)

October 10

Yves Chauvin, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

Harold Pinter, English playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)

October 11 – Sam Johnson, American politician

October 14

Schafik Handal, Salvadoran politician (d. 2006)

Mobutu Sese Seko, former President of Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1997)

October 17

Robert Atkins, American nutritionist (d. 2003)

Jimmy Breslin, American newspaper columnist and author

October 24 – The Big Bopper, American singer. (d. 1959)

October 28 – Bernie Ecclestone, English auto racing tycoon

October 29

Bertha Brouwer, Dutch athlete (d. 2006)

Natalie Sleeth, American composer (d. 1992)

October 30

Clifford Brown, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1956)

Timothy Findley, Canadian author (d. 2002)

October 31 – Michael Collins, astronaut, second person to fly around the Moon solo, Command Module pilot on Apollo 11, the first human lunar landing

November [link]

November 3 – D. James Kennedy, American evangelist (d. 2007)

November 4 – Doris Roberts, American actress

November 6 – Derrick Bell, law professor, Wilma Briggs, American female baseball player

November 14

Shirley Crabtree ("Big Daddy"), British professional wrestler (d. 1997)

Edward White, American astronaut (d. 1967)

November 15 – J.G. Ballard, English writer (d. 2009)

November 16

Chinua Achebe, Nigerian writer

Salvatore Riina, Italian multiple murderer

November 20 – Bernard Horsfall, British actor

November 24 – Bob Friend, American baseball player

November 25 – Clarke Scholes, American freestyle swimmer

November 27 – Rex Shelley, Singaporean author (d. 2009)

December [link]

December 1 – Joachim Hoffmann, German historian (d. 2002)

December 2 – Gary Becker, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

December 3 – Jean-Luc Godard, French film director

December 4 – Jim Hall, American jazz guitarist

December 6 – Daniel Lisulo, Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 2000)

December 7 – Christopher Nicole, British writer

December 8 – Stan Richards, English actor (d. 2005)

December 11

Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor

Jim Williams, American antique dealer and preservationist

December 15 – Edna O'Brien, Irish writer

December 21

Adebayo Adedeji, Nigerian UN official

Kalevi Sorsa, prime minister of Finland (d. 2004)

December 27 – Wilfrid Sheed, English-born American writer

December 28 – Gladys Ambrose, English actress (d. 1998)

December 29 – Frank Dezelan, American baseball umpire (d. 2011)

December 31

Odetta, American singer (d. 2008)

Jaime Escalante, American teacher (d. 2010)

Date unknown [link]

Barney Glaser, American sociologist

Deaths [link]

January–June [link]

January 9 – Edward Bok, American author (b. 1863)

January 13 – John Nathan Cobb, American author, naturalist, conservationist, fisheries researcher, and educator (b. 1868)

February 14 – Sir Thomas MacKenzie, New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (b. 1854)

February 15 – Giulio Douhet, Italian air power theorist (b. 1869)

February 21 – Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (b. 1898)

February 23

Mabel Normand, American actress (b. 1895)

Horst Wessel, Nazi ideologue and composer (b. 1907)

February 28 – Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence, English classical scholar, South African judge and a benefactor of the University of Cambridge (b. 1854)

March 2 – D. H. Lawrence, English writer (Lady Chatterley's Lover) (b. 1885)

March 6 – Alfred von Tirpitz, German politician and admiral (b. 1848)

March 8 – William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States, 10th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1857)

March 12 – William George Barker, Canadian pilot

March 19 – Arthur James Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848)

March 24 – Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter (b. 1875)

April 2 – Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)

April 21 – Robert Bridges, English poet (b. 1844)

April 14 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (b. 1893)

April 22 – Jeppe Aakjær, Danish poet and novelist (b. 1866)

May 13 – Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1861)

May 17 – Herbert Croly, American political author (b. 1869)

May 25 – Randall Thomas Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1848)

June 5 – Pascin, Bulgarian painter (b. 1885)

June 13 – Henry Segrave, British racer and speed record holder (b. 1896)

July–December [link]

July 7 – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (Sherlock Holmes) (b. 1859)

July 8 – Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)

July 15

Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist (b. 1845)

Rudolph Schildkraut, Istanbul born American actor (b. 1862)

July 23 – Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer (b. 1878)

July 26 – Pavlos Karolidis, Greek historian (b. 1849)

July 28 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862)

July 30 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-born businessman and founder of FC Barcelona (b. 1877)

August 15 – Florian Cajori, Swiss-born historian of mathematics (b. 1859)

August 24 – Tom Norman, English freak showman (b. 1860)

August 26 – Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor (b. 1883)

August 29 – William Archibald Spooner, British scholar and Anglican priest (b. 1844)

September 1 – Peeter Põld, Estonian pedagogical scientist and politician (b. 1878)

September 10 – Aubrey Faulkner, South African cricketer (b. 1881)

September 15 – Milton Sills, American actor (b. 1882)

September 20 – Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian explorer (b. 1873)

September 21 – John T. Dorrance, American chemist (b. 1873)

September 24 – William A. MacCorkle, Governor of West Virginia (b. 1857)

October 2 – Gordon Stewart Northcott, serial killer, was hung.

October 15 – Herbert Dow, Canadian-born chemical industrialist

October 26 – Harry Payne Whitney, American businessman and horse breeder (b. 1872)

November 5 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1858)

November 30 – Mary Harris Jones, American labor leader (b. 1837)

November – Alfred Wegener, German geophysicist and meteorologist (b. 1880)

December 9

Andrew "Rube" Foster, American Negro League baseball player

Laura Muntz Lyall, Canadian painter (b. 1860)

December 12 – Nikolai Pokrovsky, Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire (b. 1865)

December 13 – Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)

December 14 – F. Richard Jones, American director (b. 1893)

December 17 – Peter Warlock, Anglo-Welsh composer (b. 1894)

Nobel Prizes [link]

100px

Physics – Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Chemistry – Hans Fischer

Physiology or Medicine – Karl Landsteiner

Literature – Sinclair Lewis

Peace – Nathan Söderblom

References [link]

^ Wainwright, M.; Swan, H.T. (1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History 30: 42–56. PMC 1139580. PMID 3511336. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1139580. Retrieved 2010-03-15.

The 1930s Timeline: 1930 – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia

http://wn.com/1930

Related pages:

http://de.wn.com/1930

http://es.wn.com/1930

http://ru.wn.com/1930 год

http://cs.wn.com/1930

http://pt.wn.com/1930

http://pl.wn.com/1930

http://hi.wn.com/१९३०

http://it.wn.com/1930

http://id.wn.com/1930

http://nl.wn.com/1930

http://fr.wn.com/1930

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Helen Keller

Helen Keller sitting holding a magnolia flower, circa 1920.

Born Helen Adams Keller
(1880-06-27)June 27, 1880
Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA

Died June 1, 1968(1968-06-01) (aged 87)
Arcan Ridge, Easton, Connecticut, USA

Signature

Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist, and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.^[1]^[2] The story of how Keller's teacher, Anne Sullivan, broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate, has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play and film The Miracle Worker.

A prolific author, Keller was well-traveled, and was outspoken in her anti-war convictions. A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, labor rights, socialism, and other radical left causes. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1971.^[3]

Contents

1 Early childhood and illness

2 Formal education

3 Companions

4 Political activities

5 Writings

6 Akita dog

7 Later life

8 Portrayals

9 Posthumous honors

10 See also

11 References

12 Further reading

13 External links

Early childhood and illness [link]

Keller with Anne Sullivan vacationing at Cape Cod in July 1888

Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Her family lived on a homestead, Ivy Green,^[4] that Helen's grandfather had built decades earlier.^[5] Helen's father, Arthur H. Keller,^[6] spent many years as an editor for the Tuscumbia North Alabamian and had served as a captain for the Confederate Army.^[5] Helen's paternal grandmother was the second cousin of Robert E. Lee.^[7] Helen's mother, Kate Adams,^[8] was the daughter of Charles Adams.^[9] Though originally from Massachusetts, Charles Adams also fought for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, earning the rank of brigadier-general.^[7]

Helen's father's lineage can be traced to Casper Keller, a native of Switzerland.^[7]^[10] Coincidentally, one of Helen's Swiss ancestors was the first teacher for the deaf in Zurich.^[7] Helen reflects upon this coincidence in her first autobiography, stating "that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his."^[7]

Helen Keller was not born blind and deaf; it was not until she was 19 months old that she contracted an illness described by doctors as "an acute congestion of the stomach and the brain", which might have been scarlet fever or meningitis. The illness did not last for a particularly long time, but it left her deaf and blind. At that time, she was able to communicate somewhat with Martha Washington,^[11] the six-year-old daughter of the family cook, who understood her signs; by the age of seven, she had over 60 home signs to communicate with her family.

In 1886, her mother, inspired by an account in Charles Dickens' American Notes of the successful education of another deaf and blind woman, Laura Bridgman, dispatched young Helen, accompanied by her father, to seek out Dr. J. Julian Chisolm, an eye, ear, nose, and throat specialist in Baltimore, for advice.^[12] He subsequently put them in touch with Alexander Graham Bell, who was working with deaf children at the time. Bell advised the couple to contact the Perkins Institute for the Blind, the school where Bridgman had been educated, which was then located in South Boston. Michael Anaganos, the school's director, asked former student Anne Sullivan, herself visually impaired and only 20 years old, to become Keller's instructor. It was the beginning of a 49-year-long relationship, Sullivan evolving into governess and then eventual companion.

Anne Sullivan arrived at Keller's house in March 1887, and immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, beginning with "d-o-l-l" for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. Keller was frustrated, at first, because she did not understand that every object had a word uniquely identifying it. In fact, when Sullivan was trying to teach Keller the word for "mug", Keller became so frustrated she broke the doll.^[13] Keller's big breakthrough in communication came the next month, when she realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand, while running cool water over her other hand, symbolized the idea of "water"; she then nearly exhausted Sullivan demanding the names of all the other familiar objects in her world.

Due to a protruding left eye, Keller was usually photographed in profile. Both her eyes were replaced in adulthood with glass replicas for "medical and cosmetic reasons".^[14]

Formal education [link]

Starting in May, 1888, Keller attended the Perkins Institute for the Blind. In 1894, Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan moved to New York to attend the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf, and to learn from Sarah Fuller at the Horace Mann School for the Deaf. In 1896, they returned to Massachusetts and Keller entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladies before gaining admittance, in 1900, to Radcliffe College, where she lived in Briggs Hall, South House. Her admirer, Mark Twain, had introduced her to Standard Oil magnate Henry Huttleston Rogers, who, with his wife Abbie, paid for her education. In 1904, at the age of 24, Keller graduated from Radcliffe, becoming the first deaf blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. She maintained a correspondence with the Austrian philosopher and pedagogue Wilhelm Jerusalem, who was one of the first to discover her literary talent.^[15]

Determined to communicate with others as conventionally as possible, Keller learned to speak, and spent much of her life giving speeches and lectures. She learned to "hear" people's speech by reading their lips with her hands—her sense of touch had become extremely supple. She became proficient at using Braille and reading sign language with her hands as well.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Companions [link]

Anne Sullivan stayed as a companion to Helen Keller long after she taught her. Anne married John Macy in 1905, and her health started failing around 1914. Polly Thompson was hired to keep house. She was a young woman from Scotland who had no experience with deaf or blind people. She progressed to working as a secretary as well, and eventually became a constant companion to Keller.^[16]

Keller moved to Forest Hills, Queens, together with Anne and John, and used the house as a base for her efforts on behalf of the American Foundation for the Blind.^[17]

After Sullivan died in 1936, Keller and Thompson moved to Connecticut. They traveled worldwide and raised funds for the blind. Thompson had a stroke in 1957 from which she never fully recovered, and died in 1960.^[1]

Winnie Corbally, a nurse who was originally brought in to care for Thompson in 1957, stayed on after her death and was Keller's companion for the rest of her life.^[1]

Political activities [link]

Helen Keller portrait, 1904.

"The few own the many because they possess the means of livelihood of all ... The country is governed for the richest, for the corporations, the bankers, the land speculators, and for the exploiters of labor. The majority of mankind are working people. So long as their fair demands—the ownership and control of their livelihoods—are set at naught, we can have neither men's rights nor women's rights. The majority of mankind is ground down by industrial oppression in order that the small remnant may live in ease."

—Helen Keller, 1911^[18]

Keller went on to become a world-famous speaker and author. She is remembered as an advocate for people with disabilities, amid numerous other causes. She was a suffragist, a pacifist, an opponent of Woodrow Wilson, a radical socialist and a birth control supporter. In 1915 she and George Kessler founded the Helen Keller International (HKI) organization. This organization is devoted to research in vision, health and nutrition. In 1920 she helped to found the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Keller traveled to 40 some-odd countries with Sullivan, making several trips to Japan and becoming a favorite of the Japanese people. Keller met every U.S. President from Grover Cleveland to Lyndon B. Johnson and was friends with many famous figures, including Alexander Graham Bell, Charlie Chaplin and Mark Twain. Keller and Chaplin shared anti-capitalist views; Keller and Twain were both considered radicals at the beginning of the 20th century, and as a consequence, their political views have been forgotten or glossed over in popular perception.^[19]

Keller was a member of the Socialist Party and actively campaigned and wrote in support of the working class from 1909 to 1921. She supported Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs in each of his campaigns for the presidency. Newspaper columnists who had praised her courage and intelligence before she expressed her socialist views now called attention to her disabilities. The editor of the Brooklyn Eagle wrote that her "mistakes sprung out of the manifest limitations of her development." Keller responded to that editor, referring to having met him before he knew of her political views:

“ At that time the compliments he paid me were so generous that I blush to remember them. But now that I have come out for socialism he reminds me and the public that I am blind and deaf and especially liable to error. I must have shrunk in intelligence during the years since I met him...Oh, ridiculous Brooklyn Eagle! Socially blind and deaf, it defends an intolerable system, a system that is the cause of much of the physical blindness and deafness which we are trying to prevent.^[20] ”

Keller joined the Industrial Workers of the World (known as the IWW or the Wobblies) in 1912,^[19] saying that parliamentary socialism was "sinking in the political bog". She wrote for the IWW between 1916 and 1918. In Why I Became an IWW,^[21] Keller explained that her motivation for activism came in part from her concern about blindness and other disabilities:

“ I was appointed on a commission to investigate the conditions of the blind. For the first time I, who had thought blindness a misfortune beyond human control, found that too much of it was traceable to wrong industrial conditions, often caused by the selfishness and greed of employers. And the social evil contributed its share. I found that poverty drove women to a life of shame that ended in blindness. ”

The last sentence refers to prostitution and syphilis, the former a frequent cause of the latter, and the latter a leading cause of blindness. In the same interview, Keller cited the 1912 strike of textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts for instigating her radicalization.

Writings [link]

Helen Keller, circa 1912

Keller wrote a total of 12 published books and several articles.

One of her earliest pieces of writing, at age 11, was The Frost King (1891). There were allegations that this story had been plagiarized from The Frost Fairies by Margaret Canby. An investigation into the matter revealed that Keller may have experienced a case of cryptomnesia, which was that she had Canby's story read to her but forgot about it, while the memory remained in her subconscious.^[1]

At age 22, Keller published her autobiography, The Story of My Life (1903), with help from Sullivan and Sullivan's husband, John Macy. It includes words that Keller wrote and the story of her life up to age 21, and was written during her time in college.

Keller wrote The World I Live In in 1908 giving readers an insight into how she felt about the world.^[22] Out of the Dark, a series of essays on socialism, was published in 1913.

When Keller was young, Anne Sullivan introduced her to Phillips Brooks, who introduced her to Christianity, Keller famously saying: "I always knew He was there, but I didn't know His name!"^[23]^[24]^[25]

Her spiritual autobiography, My Religion, was published in 1927 and then in 1994 extensively revised and re-issued under the title Light in My Darkness. It advocates the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg, the Christian revelator and theologian who gives a spiritual interpretation of the teachings of the Bible and who claims that the second coming of Jesus Christ has already taken place. Adherents use several names to describe themselves, including Second Advent Christian, Swedenborgian and New Church.

Akita dog [link]

When Keller visited Akita Prefecture in Japan in July 1937, she inquired about Hachikō, the famed Akita dog that had died in 1935. She told a Japanese person that she would like to have an Akita dog; one was given to her within a month, with the name of Kamikaze-go. When he died of canine distemper, his older brother, Kenzan-go, was presented to her as an official gift from the Japanese government in July 1938. Keller is credited with having introduced the Akita to the United States through these two dogs.

By 1939 a breed standard had been established and dog shows had been held, but such activities stopped after World War II began. Keller wrote in the Akita Journal:

“ If ever there was an angel in fur, it was Kamikaze. I know I shall never feel quite the same tenderness for any other pet. The Akita dog has all the qualities that appeal to me – he is gentle, companionable and trusty.^[26]^[27] ”

Later life [link]

Keller suffered a series of strokes in 1961 and spent the last years of her life at her home.^[1]

On September 14, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the United States' two highest civilian honors. In 1965 she was elected to the National Women's Hall of Fame at the New York World's Fair.^[1]

Keller devoted much of her later life to raising funds for the American Foundation for the Blind. She died in her sleep on June 1, 1968, at her home, Arcan Ridge, located in Easton, Connecticut. A service was held in her honor at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., and her ashes were placed there next to her constant companions, Anne Sullivan and Polly Thompson.

Portrayals [link]

Keller's life has been interpreted many times. She appeared in a silent film, Deliverance (1919), which told her story in a melodramatic, allegorical style.^[28]

She was also the subject of the documentaries Helen Keller in Her Story, narrated by Katharine Cornell, and The Story of Helen Keller, part of the Famous Americans series produced by Hearst Entertainment.

The Miracle Worker is a cycle of dramatic works ultimately derived from her autobiography, The Story of My Life. The various dramas each describe the relationship between Keller and Sullivan, depicting how the teacher led her from a state of almost feral wildness into education, activism, and intellectual celebrity. The common title of the cycle echoes Mark Twain's description of Sullivan as a "miracle worker." Its first realization was the 1957 Playhouse 90 teleplay of that title by William Gibson. He adapted it for a Broadway production in 1959 and an Oscar-winning feature film in 1962, starring Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke. It was remade for television in 1979 and 2000.

In 1984, Helen Keller's life story was made into a TV movie called The Miracle Continues.^[29] This film that entailed the semi-sequel to The Miracle Worker recounts her college years and her early adult life. None of the early movies hint at the social activism that would become the hallmark of Keller's later life, although a Disney version produced in 2000 states in the credits that she became an activist for social equality.

The Bollywood movie Black (2005) was largely based on Keller's story, from her childhood to her graduation. A documentary called Shining Soul: Helen Keller's Spiritual Life and Legacy was produced by the Swedenborg Foundation in the same year. The film focuses on the role played by Emanuel Swedenborg's spiritual theology in her life and how it inspired Keller's triumph over her triple disabilities of blindness, deafness and a severe speech impediment.

On March 6, 2008, the New England Historic Genealogical Society announced that a staff member had discovered a rare 1888 photograph showing Helen and Anne, which, although previously published, had escaped widespread attention.^[30] Depicting Helen holding one of her many dolls, it is believed to be the earliest surviving photograph of Anne.^[31]

Posthumous honors [link]

Helen Keller as depicted on the Alabama state quarter

In 1999, Keller was listed in Gallup's Most Widely Admired People of the 20th century.

In 2003, Alabama honored its native daughter on its state quarter.^[32]

The Helen Keller Hospital in Sheffield, Alabama is dedicated to her.^[33]

There are streets named after Helen Keller in Getafe, Spain, in Lod, Israel^[34], in Lisbon, Portugal^[35] and in Caen, France.

A preschool for the deaf and hard of hearing in Mysore, India, was originally named after Helen Keller by its founder K. K. Srinivasan.

On October 7, 2009, a bronze statue of Helen Keller was added to the National Statuary Hall Collection, as a replacement for the State of Alabama's former 1908 statue of the education reformer Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry. It is displayed in the United States Capitol Visitor Center and depicts Keller as a seven-year-old child standing at a water pump. The statue represents the seminal moment in Keller's life when she understood her first word: W-A-T-E-R, as signed into her hand by teacher Anne Sullivan. The pedestal base bears a quotation in raised letters and Braille characters: "The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched, they must be felt with the heart."^[36] The statue is the first one of a person with a disability and of a child to be permanently displayed at the U.S. Capitol.^[37]^[38]^[39]

See also [link]

Helen Keller Services for the Blind

References [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "The life of Helen Keller". Royal National Institute of Blind People. November 20, 2008. http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/publicwebsite/public_keller.hcsp. Retrieved January 22, 2009.

^ "Helen Keller FAQ". Perkins School for the Blind. http://www.perkins.org/vision-loss/helen-keller/. Retrieved December 25, 2010.

^ "Inductees". Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. State of Alabama. http://www.awhf.org/inductee.html. Retrieved February 20, 2012.

^ Virtual tour of Ivy Green, Helen Keller's birthplace

^ ^a ^b Nielsen, Kim (2007), "The Southern Ties of Helen Keller", Journal of Southern History 73 (4)

^ "Arthur H. Keller". Encyclopedia of Alabama. http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Multimedia.jsp?id=m-2381. Retrieved March 7, 2010.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Herrman, Dorothy; Keller, Helen; Shattuck, Roger (2003), The Story of my Life: The Restored Classic, pp. 12–14, ISBN 978-0-393-32568-3, http://books.google.com/books?id=qc0CBfqMffUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false, retrieved May 14, 2010

^ "Kate Adams Keller". American Foundation for the Blind. http://www.afb.org/braillebug/hkgallery.asp?frameid=4. Retrieved March 7, 2010.

^ "Charles W. Adams (1817–1878) – Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8578177. Retrieved August 11, 2009.

^ "American Foundation for the Blind". Afb.org. June 1, 1968. http://www.afb.org/braillebug/askkeller.asp?issueid=200511. Retrieved August 24, 2010.

^ "The Story of My Life, by Helen Keller – discusses Martha Washington". Project Gutenberg. p. 11. http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=729&pageno=11. Retrieved March 7, 2010.

^ Worthington, W. Curtis. A Family Album: Men Who Made the Medical Center (Medical University of South Carolina ed.). ISBN 978-0-87152-444-7. http://www.muschealth.com/about_us/history/chislom.htm.

^ Wilkie, Katherine E. Helen Keller: Handicapped Girl. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.

^ Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life. New York, NY: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-44354-4.

^ Herbert Gantschacher "Back from History! – The correspondence of letters between the Austrian-Jewish philosopher Wilhelm Jerusalem and the American deafblind writer Helen Keller ", Gebärdensache, Vienna 2009, p. 35ff.

^ "The Life of Helen Keller". Graceproducts.com. http://www.graceproducts.com/keller/life.html. Retrieved August 24, 2010.

^ The life of Helen Keller, Royal National Institute of Blind People, last updated November 20, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2009.

^ Helen Keller: Rebel Lives, by Helen Keller & John Davis, Ocean Press, 2003 ISBN 978-1-876175-60-3, pg 57

^ ^a ^b Loewen, James W. (1996) [1995]. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong (Touchstone Edition ed.). New York, NY: Touchstone. pp. 20–22. ISBN 978-0-684-81886-3.

^ Keller, Helen. "How I Became a Socialist". http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/keller-helen/works/1910s/12_11_03.htm. Retrieved August 27, 2007.

^ "Why I Became an IWW" in Helen Keller Reference Archive from An interview written by Barbara Bindley published in the New York Tribune, January 16, 1916

^ Keller, Helen (2004) [1908]. The World I Live In (NYRB Classics 2004 ed.). New York: NYRB Classics. ISBN 978-1-59017-067-0.

^ H. L. Willmington. Willmington's Guide to the Bible. Tyndale House Publishers. http://books.google.com/books?id=NeCN2cVnONYC&pg=PA591&dq=Helen+Keller+didn't+know+His+name#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Keller%20didn't%20know%20His%20name&f=false. Retrieved October 18, 2007. "Sometime after she had progressed to the point that she could engage in conversation, she was told of God and his love in sending Christ to die on the cross. She is said to have responded with joy, "I always knew he was there, but I didn't know his name!""

^ Harold E. Helms. God's Final Answer. http://books.google.com/books?id=PzDfvkvqI0IC&pg=PA78&dq=Helen+Keller+but+I+didn't+know+His+name+Helen+Keller#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Keller%20but%20I%20didn't%20know%20His%20name%20Helen%20Keller&f=false. Retrieved October 18, 2007. "A favorite story about Helen Keller concerns her first introduction to the gospel. When Helen, who was both blind and deaf, learned to communicate, Anne Sullivan, her teacher, decided that it was time for her to hear about Jesus Christ. Anne called for Phillips Brooks, the most famous preacher in Boston. With Sullivan interpreting for him, he talked to Helen Keller about Christ. It wasn't long until a smile lighted up her face. Through her teacher she said, "Mr. Brooks, I have always known about God, but until now I didn't know His name.""

^ Mary Lowe Dickinson, Myrta Lockett Avary. Heaven, Home And Happiness. Kessinger Publishing. http://books.google.com/books?id=VflZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA216&dq=Helen+Keller+but+I+didn't+know+His+name+Helen+Keller#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Keller%20but%20I%20didn't%20know%20His%20name%20Helen%20Keller&f=false. Retrieved October 18, 2007. "Phillips Brooks began to tell her about God, who God was, what he had done, how he loved me, and what he was to us. The child listened very intently. Then she looked up and said, "Mr. Brooks, I knew all that before, but I didn't know His name.""

^ The Akita Inu: The Voice of Japan by Rick Beauchamp in Dog & Kennel

^ "Helen Keller: First Akitas in the USA". Natural-akita.com. June 14, 1937. http://www.natural-akita.com/JPTeez/html/helen_keller.html. Retrieved August 24, 2010.

^ "Deliverance (1919)". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0010061/. Retrieved June 15, 2006.

^ "Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues (1984) (TV)". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087401/. Retrieved June 15, 2006.

^ The Independent (March 7, 2008). "Picture of Helen Keller as a child revealed after 120 years". London. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/picture-of-helen-keller-as-a-child-revealed-after-120-years-792781.html. Retrieved May 4, 2010.

^ Newly Discovered Photograph Features Never Before Seen Image Of Young Helen Keller, New England Genealogical Society. Retrieved March 6, 2008.

^ The United States Mint (March 23, 2010). "A likeness of Helen Keller is featured on Alabama's quarter". Usmint.gov. http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/50sq_program/states/index.cfm?flash=yes&state=AL. Retrieved August 24, 2010.

^ "Helen Keller Hospital website". Helenkeller.com. http://www.helenkeller.com. Retrieved August 24, 2010.

^ "רחוב הלן קלר, לוד – Google Maps". Google. January 1, 1970. http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9F+%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A8,+%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=42.631141,93.076172&ie=UTF8&t=h&z=16&iwloc=A. Retrieved July 24, 2011.

^ "Toponomy section of the Lisbon Municipality website". Toponimia.cm-lisboa.pt. January 6, 1968. http://toponimia.cm-lisboa.pt/pls/htmldb/f?p=106:1:2892419774596293::NO::P1_TOP_ID:283:#ancora. Retrieved July 24, 2011.

^ "Helen Keller". The Architect of The Capitol. http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/keller.cfm. Retrieved December 25, 2009.

^ "Helen Keller Statue Unveiled in Capitol". CBS News. October 7, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/10/07/politics/main5369775.shtml. Retrieved December 25, 2008.

^ "Helen Keller statue unveiled at Capitol". CNN. October 7, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/10/07/HELEN.KELLER.STATUE/index.html. Retrieved December 25, 2008.

^ "One Impressive Kid Gets Her Statue at Capitol". The Washington Post. October 8, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/07/AR2009100703498.html. Retrieved December 25, 2008.

Further reading [link]

Keller, Helen with Anne Sullivan and John A. Macy (1903) The Story of My Life. New York, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co.

Lash, Joseph P. (1980) Helen and Teacher: The Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy . New York, NY: Delacorte Press. ISBN 978-0-440-03654-8

Herrmann, Dorothy (1998) Helen Keller: A Life. New York, NY: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-44354-4

"Keller, Helen Adams" World Encyclopedia. Philip's, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Edinburgh. February 10, 2012 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t142.e6208>

External links [link]

Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Helen Keller

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Helen Keller

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Helen Keller

The Story of My Life by Helen Keller at Project Gutenberg

The Story of My Life with introduction to the text

Works by or about Helen Keller in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Booknotes interview with Dorothy Herrmann on Helen Keller: A Life, October 25, 1998.

v

t

e

Helen Keller

Life history

Ivy Green

Tuscumbia, Alabama

Laura Bridgman

Alexander Graham Bell

Schools attended

Perkins School for the Blind

Anne Sullivan

Wright-Humason School for the Deaf

Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

The Cambridge School of Weston

Radcliffe College

Related foundations

Helen Keller International

American Civil Liberties Union

Helen Keller Services for the Blind

Related works

The Frost King

The Story of My Life

The World I Live In

My Religion

Light in My Darkness

Deliverance

Helen Keller in Her Story

The Miracle Worker

The Miracle Continues

Black

Persondata

Name Keller, Helen

Alternative names

Short description American author and activist

Date of birth 1880-06-27

Place of birth Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA

Date of death 1968-06-01

Place of death Arcan Ridge, Easton, Connecticut, USA

http://wn.com/Helen_Keller

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Helen Keller

http://cs.wn.com/Helen Kellerová

http://id.wn.com/Helen Keller

http://es.wn.com/Helen Keller

http://ru.wn.com/Келлер, Хелен Адамс

http://pl.wn.com/Helen Keller

http://fr.wn.com/Helen Keller

http://de.wn.com/Helen Keller

http://hi.wn.com/हेलेन केलर

http://pt.wn.com/Helen Keller

http://nl.wn.com/Helen Keller

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Keller

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about Anne Sullivan, the teacher and companion of Helen Keller. For other uses, see Anne Sullivan (disambiguation).

Anne Sullivan Macy

Anne Sullivan in 1887

Born Johanna Mansfield Sullivan
(1866-04-14)April 14, 1866
Feeding Hills, Massachusetts

Died October 20, 1936(1936-10-20) (aged 70)
Forest Hills, New York, New York

Spouse John Albert Macy (m. 1905–1932)

Johanna "Anne" Mansfield Sullivan Macy (1866–1936), also known as Anne Sullivan, was an American teacher best known as the instructor and companion of Helen Keller.^[1]

Contents

1 Early life

2 Career

3 Personal life

4 Awards

5 Death

6 Media representation

7 References

8 Further reading

9 External links

Early life [link]

Sullivan was born on April 14, 1866 in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts. According to her baptismal certificate, her full name at birth was Johanna Mansfield Sullivan; however, she was called Anne from the time she was born.^[2] Her parents' names were Thomas Sullivan and Alice Cloesy Sullivan and they were Irish immigrants who couldn't read and had little money.^[2] In 1874 her mother, Alice, died, probably of tuberculosis;^[3] after which Anne was sent to an almshouse, that today is Tewksbury Hospital in Tewksbury, Massachusetts. She was at Tewksbury for four years.^[2] In 1880, Anne, who was blind from untreated trachoma, was sent to the Perkins School for the Blind. Anne had a brother, Jimmie (James),^[4] born in 1869,^[3] a sister Ellen born in 1867^[3] and a sister, Mary.^{[citation needed]}

Career [link]

Michael Anagnos, director of the Institute, then located in South Boston, was approached to suggest a teacher for the Keller's deafblind daughter. He asked Anne Sullivan, a former student, herself visually impaired and only 20 years old, to become Helen's instructor. It was the beginning of a 49-year relationship, Sullivan evolving into governess and then eventual companion.

Anne Sullivan arrived at Keller's house in March 1887, and immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, beginning with "d-o-l-l" for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. Keller was frustrated, at first, because she did not understand that every object had a word uniquely identifying it. In fact, when Sullivan was trying to teach Keller the word for "mug", Keller became so frustrated she broke the doll.^[5] Keller's big breakthrough in communication came the next month, when she realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand, while running cool water over her other hand, symbolized the idea of "water"; she then nearly exhausted Sullivan demanding the names of all the other familiar objects in her world.

As lifelong companions Sullivan and Keller continually lived, worked, and traveled together.

Personal life [link]

Helen Keller with Anne Sullivan vacationing at Cape Cod in July 1888

On May 3, 1905, Anne Sullivan married a Harvard University instructor and literary critic, John Albert Macy (1877–1932), who had helped Keller with her publications. Macy moved in with Keller and Sullivan, and the three lived together. However, within a few years, Macy's and Sullivan's marriage began to disintegrate. By 1914 they had separated, though they never officially divorced. In the early years after their separation, John wrote and asked for money.

In the 1920 census, Helen Keller was 38 years old and listed as head of her household in the Queens, New York Census. Anne is listed as living with her, age 52, listed as a private teacher of Helen. John Macy is also listed as living with them (entered as a Lodger, writer/author, age 44). As the years progressed Macy appears to have faded from Sullivan's life. Sullivan never remarried.

Awards [link]

In 1932, Helen and Anne were each awarded honorary fellowships from the Educational Institute of Scotland. They also were awarded honorary degrees from Temple University.^[6]

Death [link]

By 1935, Sullivan became completely blind just one year before her death on October 20, 1936 in Forest Hills, New York. She died at age 70 after a coma, with Keller holding her hand.^[7] When Keller herself died in 1968, her ashes were placed in the Washington National Cathedral next to Anne's.

Media representation [link]

Anne Sullivan is an integral character in The Miracle Worker, by William Gibson, originally produced for television, where she was portrayed by Teresa Wright.^[8] The play then moved to Broadway, and was later produced as a 1962 feature film. Both the Broadway play and 1962 film featured Anne Bancroft in the Sullivan role.^[9] Patty Duke—who played Helen Keller in the 1962 film version—later played Sullivan in a 1979 television remake.^[10] Alison Elliott recently portrayed her in a 2000 television movie.^[11] Alison Pill played Sullivan on Broadway in the 2010 revival of The Miracle Worker, with Abigail Breslin as Keller.

Both Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke won Academy Awards for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress for their roles as Sullivan and Keller in the 1962 film version.

Anne Sullivan's first month with Helen Keller is chronicled in the novel, Miss Spitfire: Reaching Helen Keller, by Sarah Miller.^[12] The award-winning first-person narrative imagines Annie's point of view and emotional landscape as she struggles to break through to her pupil.

References [link]

^ Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1998, p. 35. ISBN 0-679-44354-1

^ ^a ^b ^c http://www.afb.org/annesullivan/asmbiography.asp

^ ^a ^b ^c Nielsen, Kim E. (2009). Beyond the Miracle Worker: The Remarkable Life of Anne Sullivan Macy and Her Extraordinary Friendship with Helen Keller. Beacon Press. pp. 5, 7. ISBN 978-0-8070-5046-0. "1874 death of Alice Sullivan. .. stories indicate she had tuberculosis"

^ 1870 United States Federal Census

^ Wilkie, Katherine E. Helen Keller: Handicapped Girl. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill

^ Herrmann, p. 252–53

^ Herrmann, p. 255.

^ Teresa Wright (I) at the Internet Movie Database

^ Anne Bancroft (I) at the Internet Movie Database

^ Patty Duke at the Internet Movie Database

^ Alison Elliott (I) at the Internet Movie Database

^ Miller, Sarah. Miss Spitfire: Reaching Helen Keller. New York: Atheneum, 2007.

Further reading [link]

Nielsen, Kim E. (May 1, 2009). Beyond the Miracle Worker: The Remarkable Life of Anne Sullivan Macy and Her Extraordinary Friendship with Helen Keller. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-5046-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=zIAMr12mYiYC.

Delano, Marfe Ferguson (2008). Helen's Eyes: A Photobiography of Annie Sullivan, Helen Keller's Teacher. National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-1-4263-0209-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=Y0dr8AZP5wAC.

Miller, Sarah (2007). Miss Spitfire: Reaching Helen Keller. Atheneum. ISBN 1-4169-2542-2. http://books.google.com/books/about/Miss_Spitfire.html?id=zo17vvgQj1IC.

Keller, Helen (1955). Teacher, Anne Sullivan Macy: A Tribute by the Foster Child of Her Mind. Doubleday. http://books.google.com/books?id=Usu7AAAAIAAJ&q.

Braddy, Nella (1933). Anne Sullivan Macy: The Story Behind Helen Keller. Doubleday, Doran & Company. http://www.archive.org/details/annesullivanmacy000333mbp.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anne Sullivan

Anne Sullivan Macy: Miracle Worker, a multimedia museum from the American Foundation for the Blind

Works by Anne Sullivan at Project Gutenberg

"Anne Sullivan". Educator. Find a Grave. Jan 01, 2001. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=659. Retrieved Aug 18, 2011.

v

t

e

Helen Keller

Life history

Ivy Green

Tuscumbia, Alabama

Laura Bridgman

Alexander Graham Bell

Schools attended

Perkins School for the Blind

Anne Sullivan

Wright-Humason School for the Deaf

Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

The Cambridge School of Weston

Radcliffe College

Related foundations

Helen Keller International

American Civil Liberties Union

Helen Keller Services for the Blind

Related works

The Frost King

The Story of My Life

The World I Live In

My Religion

Light in My Darkness

Deliverance

Helen Keller in Her Story

The Miracle Worker

The Miracle Continues

Black

Persondata

Name Sullivan, Anne

Alternative names Macy, Anne Sullivan; Joanna Sullivan

Short description Teacher and companion of Helen Keller

Date of birth April 14, 1866

Place of birth Feeding Hills, Massachusetts

Date of death October 20, 1936

Place of death Forest Hills, New York, New York

http://wn.com/Anne_Sullivan

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Салливан, Энн

http://fr.wn.com/Ann Mansfield Sullivan

http://pt.wn.com/Anne Sullivan

http://de.wn.com/Anne Sullivan Macy

http://id.wn.com/Anne Sullivan

http://es.wn.com/Anne Sullivan

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Sullivan

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The article lacks structure and needs more background information (as well as sources).. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (December 2011)

This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (December 2011)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011)

There are many people in history who are commonly appended with the phrase "the Great", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as e Bozorg and e azam in Persian and Urdu respectively.

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.^[1]

The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus)^[2] assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "the Great".

The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).

Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.

As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.

Contents

1 Rulers

2 Religious figures

3 Other

4 See also

5 Notes

Rulers [link]

Abbas I of Persia (1571–1629), Shah of Iran

Akbar (1542–1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India

Alain I of Albret (1440–1522), French aristocrat

Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia

Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia

Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias

Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex

Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire

Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty

Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),

Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire

Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand

Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland

Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)

Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736–1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)

Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden

Casimir III the Great (1310–1370), King of Poland

Catherine the Great (1729–1796), Empress of Russia

Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India

Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans

Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)

Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks

Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen

Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman emperor

Cyaxares the Great (c. 625-585 BC), third king of Media

Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire

Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire

Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent

Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse^[3]

Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile

Frederick the Great (1712–1786), King of Prussia

Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire

Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594–1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader

Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea^[4]^[5]

Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC

Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)

Henry IV of France (1553–1610), King of France and King of Navarre

Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea

Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris

Hugh Magnus of France (1007–1025), co-King of France

Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057–1101)

Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat

Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Tsar of Russia

John I of Portugal (1358–1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve

John II of Aragon (1398–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre

Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor

Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i

Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India

Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010–1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia

Kublai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty

Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales

Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland

Mangrai the Great (1238–1317), Lanna, northern Thailand

Emperor Meiji (1852–1912), Emperor of Japan

Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)

Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)

Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom

Mstislav I of Kiev (1076–1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus

Naresuan (1555–1605), King of Ayutthaya

Narai (1633–1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)

Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine

Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)

K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque

Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka

Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia

Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar of Russia

Peter III of Aragon (1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily

Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar

Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar

Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014–1044), Tamil King of India

Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt

Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082–1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties

Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)

Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev

Saladin (c. 1138-1193), Kurdish Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and victor over the Crusaders

Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent

Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre

Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire

Sejong the Great (1397–1450), Korean king^[9]

Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia

Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire

Stephen III of Moldavia (1433–1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)

Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks

Taksin (1734–1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)

Tamar (1160-1123), Queen of the Georgian Empire

Timur (1336–1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty

Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie

Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire

Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor

Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia

Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia

Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire

Valdemar I of Denmark (1131–1182), King of Denmark

Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor

Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus

Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy

William I, Count of Burgundy (1020–1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon

William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou

Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)

Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China

Religious figures [link]

Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East

Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia

Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian

Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt

Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader

Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian

Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)

Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint

Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint

Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)

Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine

Pope John Paul II (1920–2005)

Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)

Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit

Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)

Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople

William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites

Other [link]

Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies

Emmy the Great, folk singer

Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III

Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia

See also [link]

Epithet

List of monarchs by nickname

List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I

James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus

Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, whose common honorific "Mahatma" means "Great Soul"

Notes [link]

^ In a clay cylinder (online). The expression was used in a propagandistic context: the conqueror wants to show he is a normal Babylonian ruler. The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).

^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.

^ History, Instituto Geografico De Agostini S.p.A., p. 479

^ World and Its Peoples:Korea. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. September 2008. p. 887. ISBN 0-7614-7631-8.

^ Alison Behnke (2004). North Korea in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 70. ISBN 0-8225-1908-9. http://books.google.com/?id=ovWvhyLc6hAC&pg=RA1-PA70&dq=%22Gwanggaeto+the+Great%22.

^ Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (December 1919). "An English History of India". Political Science Quarterly 34 (4): 644–653. DOI:10.2307/2142032. JSTOR 2142032. ""The finances of the state were not more centralized under Louis XIV than under Rajaraja the Great.""

^ "Heaven sent: Michael Wood explores the art of the Chola dynasty". Royal Academy, UK. http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/ra-magazine/winter2006/features/heven-sent,47,RAMA.html. Retrieved 2007-04-26.

^ "The Chola Dynasty: Accession of Rajaraja, the Great". Sify.com. http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13219885. Retrieved 2007-04-26.

^ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN 0-7456-3356-0.

http://wn.com/List_of_people_known_as_The_Great

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Великий (прозвище)

http://id.wn.com/Daftar tokoh dengan gelar yang Agung

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_known_as_The_Great

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

For the current Sergeant Major of the U.S. Army, see Raymond F. Chandler.

Raymond Chandler

File:RaymondChandlerPromoPhoto.jpg

Born (1888-07-23)July 23, 1888
Chicago, Illinois, United States

Died March 26, 1959(1959-03-26) (aged 70)
La Jolla, California, United States

Occupation Novelist

Nationality American (1888–1907, 1956–59)
British (1907–56)

Period 1933–59

Genres crime fiction, suspense, hardboiled

Influences

Dashiell Hammett

Influenced

Michael Chabon, Ross Macdonald, Mark Knopfler, Robert B. Parker, Paul D. Marks, Michael Connelly, Robert Crais, Kelli Stanley, John Shannon, Haruki Murakami, Paul Auster, Colin Bateman^[1] Coen brothers Quentin Tarantino

Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American novelist and screenwriter.

In 1932, at age forty-four, Raymond Chandler decided to become a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Depression. His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in Black Mask, a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published just seven full novels during his lifetime (though an eighth in progress at his death was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but "Playback" have been realized into motion pictures, some several times. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26, 1959, in La Jolla, California.^[2]

Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature, and is considered by many to be a founder, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers, of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction. His creation, (protagonist), Philip Marlowe, along with Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with "private detective," both having been played on screen by Humphrey Bogart, whom many considered to be the quintessential Marlowe.

Some of Chandler's novels are considered to be important literary works, and three are often considered to be masterpieces: Farewell, My Lovely (1940), The Little Sister (1949), and The Long Goodbye (1953). The Long Goodbye is praised within an anthology of American crime stories as "arguably the first book since Hammett's The Glass Key, published more than twenty years earlier, to qualify as a serious and significant mainstream novel that just happened to possess elements of mystery".^[3]

Contents

1 Early life

2 His life as a writer

3 Later life and death

4 Chandler's thoughts on pulp fiction

5 Critical reception

6 Praise for Chandler's work

7 Works

8 References

8.1 Notes

8.2 Further reading

9 External links

Early life [link]

Chandler was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1888, but spent his early years in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, living with his mother and father near his cousins, aunt (mother's sister) and uncle. After Chandler's family were abandoned by his father, an alcoholic civil engineer who worked for the railway, and to obtain the best possible education for Ray, his mother moved them to London, England in 1900.^[4] Another uncle, a successful Quaker lawyer in Waterford, supported them,^[5] while they lived with his maternal grandmother. Chandler was classically educated at Dulwich College, London (a public school whose alumni include the authors P.G. Wodehouse^[5] and C. S. Forester). He spent some of his childhood summers in Waterford with his maternal family.^[6] He did not attend university, instead spending time in Paris and Munich improving his foreign language skills. In 1907, he was naturalised as a British subject in order to take the civil service examination, which he passed, and then took an Admiralty job, lasting just over a year. His first poem was published during that time.^[7] Chandler regained his US citizenship in 1956 ^[7].

Chandler disliked the servility of the civil service and resigned, to the consternation of his family, and became a reporter for the Daily Express and the Bristol Western Gazette newspapers. He was an unsuccessful journalist, published reviews and continued writing romantic poetry. Accounting for that time he said, "Of course in those days as now there were … clever young men who made a decent living as freelances for the numerous literary weeklies" but "I was distinctly not a clever young man. Nor was I at all a happy young man."^[8]

In 1912, he borrowed money from his Waterford uncle, who expected it to be repaid with interest, and returned to America, visiting his aunt and uncle before settling in San Francisco for a time, where he took a correspondence bookkeeping course, finishing ahead of schedule, and where his mother joined him in late 1912. Eventually they moved to Los Angeles in 1913.^[9] Along the way he strung tennis rackets, picked fruit and endured a time of scrimping and saving. Once in Los Angeles he found steady employment with The Los Angeles Creamery, both in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. In 1917, when the US entered World War I, he enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, saw combat in the trenches in France with the Gordon Highlanders, and was undergoing flight training in the fledgling Royal Air Force (RAF) when the war ended.^[5]

After the armistice, he returned to Los Angeles by way of Canada, and soon began a love affair with Cissy Pascal, a married woman 18 years his senior, and the step-mother of Gordon Pascal, with whom Chandler had enlisted.^[5] Cissy amicably divorced her husband Julian in 1920, but Chandler's mother disapproved of the relationship and refused to sanction the marriage. For four years Chandler supported both his mother and Cissy. When Florence Chandler died on September 26, 1923, Raymond was free to marry Cissy, and did so on February 6, 1924.^[5]^[10] By 1931, he had become a highly paid vice-president of the Dabney Oil Syndicate, but a year later, his alcoholism, absenteeism, promiscuity with female employees and threatened suicides^[5] contributed to his being fired.

His life as a writer [link]

Due to his meager financial circumstances during the Depression, Chandler turned to his latent writing talent to earn a living, teaching himself to write pulp fiction by studying the Perry Mason story formula of Erle Stanley Gardner. Chandler's first professional work, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in Black Mask magazine in 1933; his first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939, featuring his famous Philip Marlowe detective character speaking in the first person.

In 1950, Chandler described in a letter to his English publisher, Hamish Hamilton, why he began reading pulp magazines and later wrote for them:

Wandering up and down the Pacific Coast in an automobile I began to read pulp magazines, because they were cheap enough to throw away and because I never had at any time any taste for the kind of thing which is known as women's magazines. This was in the great days of the Black Mask (if I may call them great days) and it struck me that some of the writing was pretty forceful and honest, even though it had its crude aspect. I decided that this might be a good way to try to learn to write fiction and get paid a small amount of money at the same time. I spent five months over an 18,000 word novelette and sold it for $180. After that I never looked back, although I had a good many uneasy periods looking forward.^[11]

His second Marlowe novel, Farewell, My Lovely (1940), became the basis for three movie versions adapted by other screenwriters, including 1944's Murder My Sweet (which marked the screen debut of the Marlowe character), starring Dick Powell (whose depiction of Marlowe Chandler reportedly applauded). Literary success and film adaptations led to a demand for Chandler himself as a screenwriter. He and Billy Wilder co-wrote Double Indemnity (1944), based on James M. Cain's novel of the same name. The noir screenplay was nominated for an Academy Award.

Chandler's only original screenplay was The Blue Dahlia (1946). Chandler had not written a denouement for the script, and according to producer John Houseman, Chandler agreed to complete the script only if drunk, which Houseman agreed to. The script gained Chandler's second Academy Award nomination for screenplay.

Chandler collaborated on the screenplay of Alfred Hitchcock's Strangers on a Train (1951), an ironic fantasy murder story based on Patricia Highsmith's novel, which he thought implausible. Chandler clashed with Hitchcock to such an extent that they stopped talking, especially after Hitchcock heard that Chandler had referred to him as "that fat bastard." Hitchcock reportedly made a show of throwing Chandler's two draft screenplays into the studio trash can while holding his nose; however, Chandler's name retains the lead screenwriting credit along with Czenzi Ormonde.

In 1946 the Chandlers moved to La Jolla, California, an affluent coastal neighborhood of San Diego, where Chandler wrote the final two Philip Marlowe novels, The Long Goodbye and his last completed work, Playback. The latter was derived from an unproduced courtroom drama screenplay he had written for Universal Studios.

Four chapters of a novel, unfinished at his death, were transformed into a final "Chandler" Philip Marlowe book, Poodle Springs, by mystery writer and Chandler admirer Robert B. Parker, author of the "Spenser" series, in 1989. Parker shares the authorship with Chandler, and subsequently wrote his own Marlowe sequel to The Big Sleep entitled Perchance to Dream, which was salted with quotes from the original novel.

Chandler's final Marlowe short story, circa 1957, was entitled "The Pencil." It later provided the basis of an episode for an HBO mini-series (1983–86) entitled Philip Marlowe, Private Detective and starring Powers Boothe as Marlowe.

Later life and death [link]

In 1954 Pearl Eugenie (Cissy) Chandler died after a long illness. Heartbroken and drunk, Chandler neglected to inter Cissy's cremated remains, and they sat for 57 years in a storage locker in the basement of Cypress View Mausoleum.

After Cissy's death, Chandler's loneliness worsened his propensity for clinical depression; he returned to drink, never quitting it for long, and the quality and quantity of his writing suffered.^[5] In 1955, he attempted suicide; literary scholars documented that suicide attempt. In The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved, Judith Freeman says it was "a cry for help," given that he called the police beforehand, saying he planned to kill himself. Chandler's personal and professional life were both helped and complicated by the women to whom he was attracted — notably Helga Greene (his literary agent); Jean Fracasse (his secretary); Sonia Orwell (George Orwell's widow); and Natasha Spender (Stephen Spender's wife), the latter two of whom assumed Chandler to be a repressed homosexual.^[12]

After a respite in England, he returned to La Jolla. He died at Scripps Memorial Hospital of pneumonial peripheral vascular shock and prerenal uremia (according to the death certificate) in 1959. Helga Greene inherited Chandler's $60,000 estate, after prevailing in a 1960 lawsuit filed by Fracasse contesting Chandler's holographic codicil to his will.

Raymond Chandler is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery, San Diego, California. As Frank MacShane noted in his biography, The Life of Raymond Chandler, Chandler wished to be cremated and placed next to Cissy in Cypress View Mausoleum. Instead, he was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery because he had left no funeral or burial instructions.^[13]

In 2010, Chandler historian Loren Latker, with the assistance of attorney Aissa Wayne (daughter of John Wayne), brought a petition to disinter Cissy's remains and reinter them with Chandler in Mount Hope. After a hearing September 2010 in San Diego Superior Court, Judge Richard S. Whitney entered an order granting Latker's request.^[14]

On Valentine's Day (February 14) 2011, Cissy's ashes were conveyed from Cypress View to Mount Hope, and interred under a new grave marker above Chandler's, as they had wished.^[15] About one hundred people attended the ceremony, which included readings by the Rev. Randal Gardner, Powers Boothe, Judith Freeman and Aissa Wayne. The shared gravestone reads "Dead men are heavier than broken hearts," a quotation from The Big Sleep. A video of the ceremony is available at http://raymondchandler.info/reunite. Chandler's original gravestone, placed by Jean Fracasse, is still at the head of his grave, while the new one is at the foot.

Chandler's thoughts on pulp fiction [link]

In his introduction to Trouble Is My Business (1950), a collection of twelve of his short stories, Chandler provided insight on the formula for the detective story and how the pulp magazines differed from previous detective stories:

The emotional basis of the standard detective story was and had always been that murder will out and justice will be done. Its technical basis was the relative insignificance of everything except the final denouement. What led up to that was more or less passage work. The denouement would justify everything. The technical basis of the Black Mask type of story on the other hand was that the scene outranked the plot, in the sense that a good plot was one which made good scenes. The ideal mystery was one you would read if the end was missing. We who tried to write it had the same point of view as the film makers. When I first went to Hollywood a very intelligent producer told me that you couldn't make a successful motion picture from a mystery story, because the whole point was a disclosure that took a few seconds of screen time while the audience was reaching for its hat. He was wrong, but only because he was thinking of the wrong kind of mystery.

Chandler also described the struggle that the writers of pulp fiction had in following the formula demanded by the editors of the pulp magazines:

As I look back on my stories it would be absurd if I did not wish they had been better. But if they had been much better they would not have been published. If the formula had been a little less rigid, more of the writing of that time might have survived. Some of us tried pretty hard to break out of the formula, but we usually got caught and sent back. To exceed the limits of a formula without destroying it is the dream of every magazine writer who is not a hopeless hack.^[16]

Critical reception [link]

Critics and writers from W. H. Auden to Evelyn Waugh to Ian Fleming greatly admired Chandler's prose.^[5] In a radio discussion with Chandler, Fleming said that Chandler offered “some of the finest dialogue written in any prose today.”^[17] Although his swift-moving, hardboiled style was inspired mostly by Dashiell Hammett, his sharp and lyrical similes are original: "The muzzle of the Luger looked like the mouth of the Second Street tunnel"; "He had a heart as big as one of Mae West's hips"; "Dead men are heavier than broken hearts"; "I went back to the seasteps and moved down them as cautiously as a cat on a wet floor." Chandler's writing redefined the private eye fiction genre, led to the coining of the adjective "Chandleresque," and inevitably became the subject of parody and pastiche. Yet the detective Philip Marlowe is not a stereotypical tough guy, but a complex, sometimes sentimental man with few friends who attended university, who speaks some Spanish and sometimes admires Mexicans, and who is a student of chess and classical music. He will refuse a prospective client’s money if he is ethically unsatisfied with a job.

The high regard in which Chandler is generally held today is in contrast to the critical sniping that stung the author during his lifetime. In a March 1942 letter to Blanche Knopf, published in Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, Chandler complained, "The thing that rather gets me down is that when I write something that is tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, I get panned for being tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, and then when I try to tone down a bit and develop the mental and emotional side of a situation, I get panned for leaving out what I was panned for putting in the first time."

Although his work enjoys general acclaim today, Chandler has been criticized for certain aspects of his work; in an interview, Washington Post reviewer Patrick Anderson described his plots as "rambling at best and incoherent at worst," and chastised his treatment of black, female, and homosexual characters, calling him a "rather nasty man at times." Anderson nevertheless praised Chandler as "probably the most lyrical of the major crime writers."^[18]

Chandler’s short stories and novels are evocatively written, conveying the time, place and ambiance of Los Angeles and environs in the 1930s and 1940s.^[5] The places are real, if pseudonymous: Bay City is Santa Monica, Gray Lake is Silver Lake, and Idle Valley a synthesis of rich San Fernando Valley communities.

Chandler was also a perceptive critic of pulp fiction; his essay "The Simple Art of Murder" is the standard reference work in the field.

All but one of his novels have been cinematically adapted. Arguably the most notable is The Big Sleep (1946), by Howard Hawks, with Humphrey Bogart as Philip Marlowe. William Faulkner was a co-writer on the screenplay. Chandler's few screen writing efforts and the cinematic adaptation of his novels proved stylistically and thematically influential upon the American film noir genre.

Praise for Chandler's work [link]

“Chandler wrote like a slumming angel and invested the sun-blinded streets of Los Angeles with a romantic presence.” –Ross Macdonald^[19]

“Raymond Chandler invented a new way of talking about America, and America has never looked the same to us since.” –Paul Auster^[19]

“The prose rises to heights of unselfconscious eloquence, and we realize with a jolt of excitement that we are in the presence of not a mere action-tale teller, but a stylist, a writer with a vision … The reader is captivated by Chandler’s seductive prose.” –Joyce Carol Oates, New York Review of Books.^[19]

“Chandler is one of my favorite writers. His books bear rereading every few years. The novels are a perfect snapshot of an American past, and yet the ruined romanticism of the voice is as fresh as if they were written yesterday.” –Jonathan Lethem^[19]

“Chandler seems to have invented our post-war dream lives–the tough but tender hero, the dangerous blonde, the rain-washed sidewalks, and the roar of the traffic (and the ocean) in the distance … Chandler is the classic lonely romantic outsider for our times, and American literature, as well as English, would be the poorer for his absence.” –Pico Iyer^[19]

Works [link]

Main article: Raymond Chandler bibliography

References [link]

Notes [link]

^ "Colin Bateman". Culturenorthernireland.org. 2011-05-18. http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/3538/colin-bateman. Retrieved 2012-01-06.

^ Chandler, Raymond (1950). Trouble is My Business, Vintage Books a division of Random House, Inc., 1988 pp. "About the Author"

^ Pronzini, Bill and Adrian, Jack (editors)(1995). Hard-Boiled, An Anthology of American Crime Stories, Oxford University Press, Inc., 1995, p.169.

^ 1900 US Census, Plattsmouth, Nebraska

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Iyer, Pico (December 6, 2007). "The Knight of Sunset Boulevard". The New York Review of Books: pp. 31–33.

^ http://waterfordireland.tripod.com/raymond_chandler.htm

^ ^a ^b [1]

^ Raymond Chandler: Raymond Chandler Speaking (Dorothy Gardiner and Kathrine Sorley Wakker, ed.) p. 24 (Houghton Mifflin Company (1962) ISBN 978-0-520-20835-3.

^ Florence arrives 12/1912 - Passenger Manifest SS Merion

^ Raymond Chandler's Shamus Town Timeline and Residences pages using official government sources (death certificate, census, military & civil - city & phone directories)

^ Chandler, Raymond, forward by Powell, Lawrence Clark (1969). The Raymond Chandler Omnibus, Borzoi Book a division of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1969 p. vii

^ http://www.nysun.com/arts/man-who-gave-us-marlowe/65983/

^ Hiney, Tom (1997). Raymond Chandler: A Biography, pp. 275-76. Grove Press.

^ Bell, Diane (2010-09-08). "Ashes of Chandler's wife to join him for eternity". SignOnSanDiego.com. Retrieved 2011-11-26.

^ Bell, Diane (2011-02-14). "Raymond Chandler and his wife, Cissy, are finally reunited". SignOnSanDiego.com. Retrieved 2011-11-26.

^ Chandler, Raymond (1950). Trouble is My Business, Vintage Books a division of Random House, Inc., 1988 pp. viii-ix

^ Chandler/Fleming discussion, BBC Home Service, 10th July 1958

^ An Interview With Patrick Anderson

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Collected Stories by Raymond Chandler - Praise". randomhouse.com. http://www.randomhouse.com/book/26020/collected-stories-by-raymond-chandler. Retrieved 2011-05-14.

Further reading [link]

Bruccoli, Matthew J. (ed.; 1973). Chandler Before Marlowe: Raymond Chandler's Early Prose and Poetry, 1908-1912. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Chandler, Raymond (1976). The Blue Dahlia (screenplay). Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

Chandler, Raymond (1985). Raymond Chandler's Unknown Thriller (unfilmed screenplay for Playback). N.Y.: The Mysterious Press.

Corman, Catherine (2009). Daylight Noir: Raymond Chandler's Imagined City Milan: Charta.

Dorothy Gardiner and Katherine Sorley Walker (eds.; 1962), Raymond Chandler Speaking. Boston: Houghton Miflin.

Freeman, Judith (2007). The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved. N.Y.:Pantheon. ISBN 978-0-375-42351-2 (0-375-42351-6)

Gross, Mirian (1977). The World of Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: A & W Publishers.

Hiney, Tom (1999). Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3637-0

Hiney, Tom and MacShane, Frank (eds.; 2000). The Raymond Chandler Papers: Selected Letters and Nonfiction, 1909-1959. N.Y.: Atlantic Monthly Press.

Howe, Alexander N. "The Detective and the Analyst: Truth, Knowledge, and Psychoanalysis in the Hard-Boiled Fiction of Raymond Chandler." CLUES: A Journal of Detection 24.4 (Summer 2006): 15-29.

Howe, Alexander N. (2008). "It Didn't Mean Anything: A Psychoanalytic Reading of American Detective Fiction". North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-3454-6

MacShane, Frank (1976). The Life of Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: E.P. Dutton.

MacShane, Frank (1976). The Notebooks of Raymond Chandler & English Summer: A Gothic Romance. N.Y.: The Ecco Press.

MacShane, Frank (ed.) (1981). Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: Columbia University Press.

Moss, Robert (2002.) "Raymond Chandler A Literary Reference" New York Carrol & Graf

Swirski, Peter (2005). "Chapter 5 Raymond Chandler's Aesthetics of Irony" From Lowbrow to Nobrow. Montreal, London: McGill-Queen's University. ISBN 978-0-7735-3019-5

Ward, Elizabeth and Alain Silver (1987). Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-351-9

External links [link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Raymond Chandler

Shamus Town: Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles

Raymond Chandler at the Internet Movie Database

Jonathan Lethem on Raymond Chandler at The Paris Review

"Down the Mean Streets with Philip Marlowe" BBC streaming audio programme on Chandler

Photographs of Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles by Catherine Corman at The New Yorker

"Chandler's double identity: Adrian Wootton on a writer's secret cameo"; The Guardian, June 5, 2009

Raymond Chandler at Thrilling Detective

Bibliography of UK 1st Editions

v

t

e

Works by Raymond Chandler

Novels

The Big Sleep

Farewell, My Lovely

The High Window

The Lady in the Lake

The Little Sister

The Long Goodbye

Playback

Poodle Springs

Characters

Philip Marlowe

Short story
collections

Five Murderers

Five Sinister Characters

Fingerman and Other Stories

The Simple Art of Murder

Killer in the Rain

The Midnight Raymond Chandler

Trouble is My Business

Pickup on Noon Street

Spanish Blood

Non-fiction

Raymond Chandler Speaking

Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler

Screenplays

Double Indemnity

And Now Tomorrow

The Unseen

The Blue Dahlia

Strangers on a Train

Playback

Film
adaptations

Time to Kill (1942)

The Falcon Takes Over (1942)

Murder, My Sweet (1944)

The Big Sleep (1946)

The Brasher Doubloon (1947)

Lady in the Lake (1947)

Marlowe (1969)

The Long Goodbye (1973)

Farewell, My Lovely (1975)

The Big Sleep (1978)

Poodle Springs (1998)

Persondata

Name Chandler, Raymond

Alternative names Chandler, Raymond Thornton (full name)

Short description Novelist, screenwriter

Date of birth July 23, 1888

Place of birth Chicago, Illinois, United States

Date of death March 26, 1959

Place of death San Diego, California, United States

http://wn.com/Raymond_Chandler

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

http://cs.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

http://es.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

http://ru.wn.com/Чандлер, Рэймонд

http://pl.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

http://fr.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

http://de.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

http://pt.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

http://nl.wn.com/Raymond Chandler

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Chandler

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1900s 1910s 1920s – 1930s – 1940s 1950s 1960s
Years:	1927 1928 1929 – 1930 – 1931 1932 1933

Gregorian calendar	1930 MCMXXX
Ab urbe condita	2683
Armenian calendar	1379 ԹՎ ՌՅՀԹ
Assyrian calendar	6680
Bahá'í calendar	86–87
Bengali calendar	1337
Berber calendar	2880
British Regnal year	19 Geo. 5 – 20 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2474
Burmese calendar	1292
Byzantine calendar	7438–7439
Chinese calendar	己巳年十二月初二日 (4566/4626-12-2) — to — 庚午年十一月十二日 (4567/4627-11-12)
Coptic calendar	1646–1647
Ethiopian calendar	1922–1923
Hebrew calendar	5690–5691
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1986–1987
- Shaka Samvat	1852–1853
- Kali Yuga	5031–5032
Holocene calendar	11930
Iranian calendar	1308–1309
Islamic calendar	1348–1349
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 5 (昭和5年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4263
Minguo calendar	ROC 19 民國19年
Thai solar calendar	2473
This box: view talk edit

Helen Keller
Helen Keller sitting holding a magnolia flower, circa 1920.
Born	Helen Adams Keller (1880-06-27)June 27, 1880 Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA
Died	June 1, 1968(1968-06-01) (aged 87) Arcan Ridge, Easton, Connecticut, USA
Signature

Persondata
Name	Keller, Helen
Alternative names
Short description	American author and activist
Date of birth	1880-06-27
Place of birth	Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA
Date of death	1968-06-01
Place of death	Arcan Ridge, Easton, Connecticut, USA

Anne Sullivan Macy
Anne Sullivan in 1887
Born	Johanna Mansfield Sullivan (1866-04-14)April 14, 1866 Feeding Hills, Massachusetts
Died	October 20, 1936(1936-10-20) (aged 70) Forest Hills, New York, New York
Spouse	John Albert Macy (m. 1905–1932)

Persondata
Name	Sullivan, Anne
Alternative names	Macy, Anne Sullivan; Joanna Sullivan
Short description	Teacher and companion of Helen Keller
Date of birth	April 14, 1866
Place of birth	Feeding Hills, Massachusetts
Date of death	October 20, 1936
Place of death	Forest Hills, New York, New York

Raymond Chandler
File:RaymondChandlerPromoPhoto.jpg
Born	(1888-07-23)July 23, 1888 Chicago, Illinois, United States
Died	March 26, 1959(1959-03-26) (aged 70) La Jolla, California, United States
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	American (1888–1907, 1956–59) British (1907–56)
Period	1933–59
Genres	crime fiction, suspense, hardboiled
Influences Dashiell Hammett
Influenced Michael Chabon, Ross Macdonald, Mark Knopfler, Robert B. Parker, Paul D. Marks, Michael Connelly, Robert Crais, Kelli Stanley, John Shannon, Haruki Murakami, Paul Auster, Colin Bateman^[1] Coen brothers Quentin Tarantino

Persondata
Name	Chandler, Raymond
Alternative names	Chandler, Raymond Thornton (full name)
Short description	Novelist, screenwriter
Date of birth	July 23, 1888
Place of birth	Chicago, Illinois, United States
Date of death	March 26, 1959
Place of death	San Diego, California, United States