Madurai

Agra
Agra (

ⁱ/ˈɑːɡrə/; Hindi: आगरा, Urdu: آ گرہ), the erstwhile capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometres (226 mi) west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India. Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
The city finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa, or 'the border of the forest'. Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (circa 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present Fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Sultan Sikandar Lodī was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in the year 1506; he died in 1517 and his son Ibrāhīm Lodī remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal emperors from 1526 to 1658 and remains a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad (

ⁱ/ˈɑːmɨdəbɑːd/ also known as Amdavad

) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. The city is an administrative centre of Ahmedabad district as well as the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court is in Ahmedabad. It was founded on 26 February 1411 by Sultan Ahmed Shah to serve as the capital of the Gujarat Sultanate, and was named after him. With a city population of more than 5.5 million and an extended population of 6.3 million it is the fifth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 32 km (20 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar.
Though incorporated into the Bombay Presidency during British rule, Ahmedabad remained one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. The city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname the Manchester of the East. The city was at the forefront of the Indian independence movement in the first half of the 20^th century and centre of many campaigns of civil disobedience to promote workers' rights, civil rights, and political independence.

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Alagar Koyil
Azhagar Kovil (Thirumaliruncholai or Alagar temple), is a temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu situated 21 km from the city of Madurai, which lies in the Tamil Nadu state of India.
When some historic and original facts surface, people tend to treat them with reverence as it seems to be happening in Thenur, a village in the interiors, 20 km off Madurai city.
Villagers here relive an event with much fanfare which is believed to have been performed here four Centuries ago.
“Mandooga Maharishi’s redemption is an event that was unique to our village. We are trying to revive the ritual,” says hereditary temple trustee P. Neduchezia Pandian.
The legend has it that sage Suthapas (Munivar) was bathing in Nupura Gangai at Alagar Hill and did not pay heed to Durvasar Maharishi, who was passing by.
The enraged Durvasar cursed Suthapas that he would turn into a frog until he is redeemed of his curse by Lord Sundararajar, who is also known as Kallazhagar.
The Suthapas Maharishi, who is named as ‘Mandooga’ munivar because of his frog status, performed ‘thapas’ (prayer) on the banks of river Vaigai, which is otherwise known as Vegavathi, at Thenur. The Lord Kallazhagar comes from his abode in Alagar Hill to redeem Mandooga Maharishi of his curse, when he is praying.

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Amritsar
Amritsar (

pronunciation (help·info); Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ IPA: [əmːɾɪt̪səɾ], historically also known as ਰਾਮਦਾਸਪੁਰ Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ਅੰਬਰਸਰ, Ambarsar) is a city in the north-western part of India. It is the spiritual center for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the "Golden Temple" in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the most popular destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht, as well as the Sikh Parliament.
The 2011 Indian census reported the population of the city to be 1,132,761. Amritsar is situated 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and is 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan and therefore, very close to India's western border with Pakistan.

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Anakaputhur
Anakaputhur is a town in Kancheepuram district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Though situated in Kancheepuram district, the town is actually a neighbourhood of Chennai. Anakaputhur was once famous for its traditional weaving business, which has declined due to modern competition. The village was featured in "The Tyranny of Control" video of Milton Friedman's "Free to choose". Balaji Nagar is the largest area in the Anakaputhur town. Anakaputhur is developing rapidly with lots of shops, schools, and apartments.
As of 2001 India census, Anakaputhur had a population of 31,733. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%.
Anakaputhur is located at 12°35′N 80°42′E / 12.58°N 80.7°EWikimapia.
Exchange code: 224 (Pammal Exchange)

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Arcot, Vellore
Arcot (Tamil: ஆற்kadu) is a town and suburb of Vellore city in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Located on the southern banks of Palar River at 12°54′N 79°20′E / 12.9°N 79.333°E, the city straddles a highly strategic trade route between Chennai and Bangalore, between the Mysore Ghat and the Javadi Hills - (Javvadhu malai). Its population in 1991 was 45,205; the surrounding area had a population of 114,760.
Its name is commonly believed to have been derived from the Tamil words aaru (River) + kaadu (Forest). However, arkkaTu meant 'a forest of fig trees'. Jainism was flourishing in this part of Tamil Land who were otherwise known as Arugar most probably corrupted form of Arhants or the perfected souls. The word Arugar is found in many ancient literary works and places dominant with arugars were related to them viz Arakonam, Arumbakkam, Aruvur, etc. Not far away from present day Arcot (Anglicized form of Aarkaadu) there is a place called Arungundram. Hence Arcot or Aarkaadu would have derived its name from Arugarkaadu.

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Ariyalur
Ariyalur (Tamil: அரியலூர்) is a Municipality in Ariyalur district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The region near Ariyalur is rich in fossils from the late Maastrichtian. Fossils of the dinosaur Dravidosaurus, dinosaur eggs and numerous other fauna have been recorded here. The fossils in limestone sediment are however threatened as the place is mined for the production of cement by several factories in the region.
Ariyalur is a municipality and headquarters of Ariyalur District in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is rich in limestone resources. Big industrial houses like Birlas (UltraTech Cement), India cements, Dalmia cements, Madras cements have their cement units here. Tamil Nadu government's TANCEM factory is in Ariyalur and is the first factory to establish the cement production in ariyalur and later nearly as far as six more factories have emerged in and around Ariyalur providing employment opportunity to the people.
The Ariyalur Town Panchayat was functioned as Second Grade Town Panchayat from 21.12.1943, then First Grade Town Panchayat from 01.01.1955 and the Selection grade Town Panchayat form 01.04.1966. The extent of Town Panchayat is 7.62 sq kilo meter and strength of Population according to the senses of 2001th year is 27822. In this Town Panchayat there are 18 wards by division, and for which one President and 18 members have been elected by public. Amongst the members, there are 7 women members. As per the Government order 150, dated: 01.10.2004, this Town Panchayat was announced as Special Grade Town Panchayat and then by G.O.No.372 Municipality Administration and Department of supply of Drinking water, dated 16.12.2004, this Town Panchayat has been functioning as Third Grade Municipality from 20.12.2004 and functioning as second grade Municipality from 08.08.2010.

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Ariyalur district
Ariyalur (Tamil: அரியலூர் மாவட்டம்)is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district headquarters are located at Ariyalur. The district occupies an area of 1,949.31 km² and had a population of 752,481 As per the 2011 census.
The Ariyalur district was carved out of Perambalur district on January 1, 2001 during the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) regime. But, it was merged with the Perambalur district by the subsequent All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam rule on March 31, 2002 on economic grounds. Ariyalur district reborned on Friday November 23, 2007 and Rural Development and Local Administration Minister M K Stalin will formally inaugurate that 31st district of the State in a function to be held at the ITI playground in Ariyalur.
The district is bordered by the districts of Cuddalore in the north and north-east, Nagapattinam in the east, Thanjavur in the south and south-east, Tiruchirapalli in the south-west and Perambalur in the west. The district has a total of 16 police stations.

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Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the Burdwan District of India. It has a large workforce, moderately high per capita income, educational establishments, good transport connections, several housing complexes, and land suitable for industry, institutions, transport and commerce. Its hinterland is Bankura and Purulia districts and North Bengal, linked to parts of Orissa and Jharkhand states. According to a report released by International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body, Asansol is among the 11 Indian cities in the list of 100 fastest growing cities in the world with a rank of 42. The name Asansol is derived from two different names, Asan tree (a species of tree found on the banks of river Damodar) and Sol-Bhumi/Sol-land (the land rich in minerals).

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Attur
Attur is a town, municipality and capital of Attur taluk in the Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.
The name of the town derives from the word "Aaru", meaning "River" and "Oor", meaning "Town/City/village" - Vasishta Nadi (literally, Attur "River Town"). Attur is one of the king's city
C.Lakshmana Nayakan (17th Century), local Palayakarar, built the fort. Gatti Mudalis built the temples inside the fort. Attur has a ancient fort with all facilities and is one of the busy business centers in Salem in till date. People are very generous, egoless, soft natured and has great tendency to help others and for the down-trodden.
Attur is the main shopping center for the neighboring region. Attur region is principally an agricultural area. Attur is also famous for tapioca (cassava roots), and there are several tapioca-based industries today which manufacture products like "javvarisi" (sago) for markets all over India. It has many medicinal plant cultivars. Some of them are MGP (Coleus-medicinal plant), south India herbs (coleus).

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Avadi
Avadi is a suburb of chennai and a municipality in Thiruvallur district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Avadi is an acronym for "Armoured Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India".^{[citation needed]} Situated about 23 km north west of Chennai, it is surrounded by major defence establishments.
Avadi is located at 13°07′N 80°06′E / 13.12°N 80.1°E. It covers an area of 65 km² and has an average elevation of 17 metres (55 foot).
The major military establishments having divisions in Avadi are the Indian Air Force, Indian Army, Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF), EFA-Engine Factory,Avadi, Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indian Navy, Central Vehicle Depot (CVD), The Ordnance Depot [OD], Unfit Vehicles park [UVP] and the Ordnance Clothing Factory (OCF).
The Indian Air Force has a Mechanical Transport Training Institute Technical (MTTI) here for training its personnel on driving and repairing vehicles and also a base repair depot for repair and maintenance of its various equipment. CVRDE undertakes major research on battle tanks and other combat vehicles. MBT Arjun, armored ambulance, Combat Improved Ajeya and Nag anti tank missile are some of the recent products from CVRDE. The Heavy Vehicles Factory produces an indigenous version of the T-72 tank known as Ajeya. HVF also produces the main battle tank Arjun. The production of T-90S Bhishma tanks started in 2006–2007.

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Bangalore
Bangalore /ˈbæŋɡəlɔər/, also rendered Bengaluru,^{[needs IPA]} is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City for its gardens and parks and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. Bangalore is well known as a hub for India's information technology sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world.
A succession of South Indian dynasties ruled the region of Bangalore until in 1537 AD Kempe Gowda—a feudatory ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire—established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. Following transitory occupation by Maratha and Mughal, the city remained under the Mysore kingdom. Bangalore continued to be a cantonment of the British and a major city of the Princely State of Mysore which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. Following the independence of India in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore state, and later Karnataka.

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Bhopal
Bhopal /boʊˈpɑːl/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [bʱoːpaːl] (

listen)) is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Bhopal District and Bhopal Division. The city was the capital of the former Bhopal State. Bhopal is known as the City of Lakes for its various natural as well as artificial lakes and is also one of the greenest cities in India.
A B-1 class city, Bhopal houses various institutions and installations of national importance. Some of these include ISRO's Master Control Facility, the CSIR Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Bhopal), School of Planning and Architecture, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (associated with Hamidia Hospital, Sultania Zanana Hospital & Kamla Nehru Hospital), and the (approved, under-construction) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal.

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Chandigarh
Chandigarh /ˈtʃɑːndɨɡər/ is a city and union territory in India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is derived from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city. It is also referred to as The City Beautiful due to its beautiful surroundings, central grid of gardens, each dedicated to different species of flora.
The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India and is known internationally for its architecture and urban design. The city has projects designed by architects such as Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew, and Maxwell Fry. The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the highest per capita income in the country at Rs.99,262 at current prices and Rs.70,361 at constant prices (2006–2007). The city was reported in 2010 to be the "cleanest" in India, based on a national government study, and the territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories according to research conducted using 2005 data by Human Development Index.

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Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.

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Coimbatore
Coimbatore (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர், pronounced [kɔəjmbaːʈɔrɪ]), also known as Kovai (Tamil: கோவை, pronounced [kɔʋaːəj] (

listen)), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the 15th largest urban agglomeration in India with a metropolitan population of over 2 million. It is a major commercial centre and has often been referred to as the "Manchester of South India".
The Coimbatore region has been ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, the later Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire and the Madurai Nayaks and is believed to have been named after a chieftain called Koyan. In the 17th century, the city became a part of the Kingdom of Mysore and remained so until its conquest by the British East India Company in 1799. The history of modern Coimbatore, however, dates from the 1930s, when the city grew rapidly capitalizing on a textile boom. Since then, the city has witnessed steady growth fueled by its favourable soil, climate and political and economic conditions.
Coimbatore is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation which comprises 100 wards grouped into five zones. It is situated on the banks of the Noyyal River in western Tamil Nadu and is surrounded by the Western Ghats on all sides. It is well connected by road, rail and air with major towns and cities in India.

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Coimbatore district
Coimbatore District (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர் மாவட்டம்) is one of the more affluent and industrially advanced districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. Coimbatore is known as the Manchester of South India. It one of the most industrialized towns of Tamil Nadu. It has the highest GDP among the districts of Tamil Nadu, even ahead of the state capital Chennai. The region is bounded by Kerala state and is surrounded by the districts of Tirupur District, Nilgiris District, Erode District.The headquarters of the district is Coimbatore city. Except taluks like Mettupalayam and Pollachi all other parts belong to Coimbatore city itself.
Most of the city region of Coimbatore comes under this district. Proximity to the city of Coimbatore has its own impact on the district, with a considerable daily commuting population. The rural people are mostly agriculturists, although with the advent of SEZs in the area, service and IT industries are booming. The second largest city in Tamil Nadu, which is located approximately 497 km from Chennai, the state capital. It is highest revenue yielding district in the state, next to Chennai district.

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Cuddalore district
Cuddalore District (Tamil: கடலூர் மாவட்டம்) is a district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Cuddalore is the district headquarters. For the first time, urn burial grave goods were found in the village of Marungur in the district, carrying inscriptions in Tamil Brahmi from the 1st century BCE.
The district has an area of 3,564 km². It is bounded on the north by Viluppuram District, on the east by the Bay of Bengal, on the south by Nagapattinam District, and on the west by Perambalur District.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Cuddalore one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the six districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
According to the 2011 census Cuddalore district has a population of 2,600,880, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 158th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 702 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,820 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.8 %. Cuddalore has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.04 %.

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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.

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Devakottai
Devakottai [தேவகோட்டை] is a town and a first grade municipality in Sivaganga district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Devakottai is one of the biggest towns of the Nagarathar (Nattukkottai Chettiar) community.

Devakottai is one of the oldest municipalities of Tamil Nadu. The Tamil term for "the fort of Goddess" is "Devi Kottai". It might have changed in to "Devakottai" in a course of time. Devakottai is noted for its literature, shaivite temple buildings, publishing, judiciary, and politics. The town was active in the Indian independence movement. The municipal court in Devakottai was burned to ground during the Quit India Movement. The town suffered punitive fines and some citizens served prison terms. To remember the brave patriots, the park on the main road was named "Thiyagigal Park" and the road adjoining it was called "Thiyagigal Road".
Today Devakottai is a favoured site for movie shootings, mainly because of its palatial bungalows (which belong to Nagarathar families). Devakottai is going to come under Karaikudi constituency after the reformation of constituencies. Currently it is with Thiruvadanai constituency. For parliamentary it comes under Sivaganga constituency.

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Dhanbad
Dhanbad (Hindi: धनबाद, Bengali: ধনবাদ) is a city in the state of Jharkhand, and is also known as the Coal Capital of India. Dhanbad is the 96th fastest growing city in the world. According to the 2011 census, Dhanbad is among the 53 cities of India with a population of more than one million and is the 42nd largest city. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the second largest in terms of revenue generation after Mumbai division.
Dhanbad is famous for coal mining. Tata Steel, BCCL, ECL and IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) are some of the companies having coal mines in the district. Coal mining, coal washing, and coke making are the main coal-related industries in the city. IISCO is now owned by SAIL, while BCCL and Eastern Coalfields Limited are subsidiaries of Coal India Limited (CIL); these two companies are the largest operators of coal mines in Dhanbad, and have open cast mines as well as underground mines, whereas Tata Steel has mostly underground mines. These companies have developed townships for their employees. The prestigious Indian School of Mines is located in the heart of the city of Dhanbad.

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Erode
Erode (Tamil: ஈரோடு [iːroːɽɯ]) is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about 400 kilometres (249 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5" and 11° 81.05" North latitude and 77° 42.5" and 77° 44.5" East longitude. As per Census 2011 alignments, Erode Urban Agglomeration is located on the Western Banks of the river Cauvery, Erode is an important city in Kongu Nadu. It is well known for handloom, powerloom textile products and readymade garments. Hence it is called the Loom City of India or Texvalley of India. Products such as cotton sarees, bed spreads, carpets, lungies, printed fabrics, towels and dhotis are marketed here in bulk and during festivals a lot of profit is generated by cloth traders. It has also been nicknamed Manjal Maanagaram (Turmeric city) and Javuli Nagaram (Textile city). Some people say that Erode is a Peaceful city to live.

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Erode district
Erode District is a western district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India, with Erode as its headquarters. Until the year 1996, Erode district was called as Periyar District.
Erode District was a part of Coimbatore District until September 17, 1979. Mathematician Ramanujan and social reformer Periyar were from here.
Erode district had a population of 22,59,608 as of 2011. It is 46.25% urbanised as per Census 2001. The district has a literacy rate of 72.96% and is on the rise.
The district is bounded by Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka to the north, and by Kaveri River to the east. Across the Kaveri lies Salem, Namakkal and Karur districts. Tirupur District lies immediately to the south, and Coimbatore and the Nilgiris district lies to the west. Erode District is landlocked and is situated at between 10 36” and 11 58” north latitude and between 76 49” and 77 58” east longitude.
The district comprises a long undulating plain, sloping gently towards the Kaveri river in the south-east. Three major tributaries of river Kaveri, the Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravati, run across the long stretch of mountains in the north. Other significant rivers are Palar in the north and Vatamalaikarai odai and Uppar rivers in the south. The Palar constitutes the boundary between Erode district and Karnataka in the north. The Bhavanisagar dam and Kodiveri dam provide storage facilities and numerous canals along with these rivers provide proper drainage and facilities for irrigation in the district.

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Gobichettipalayam
Gobichettipalayam (also known as Gobi) is a town and municipality in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. Gobichettipalayam is an important town in the northwestern part of the state and is the headquarters of the taluk of the same name. It is situated at 213 metres above sea level and is approximately 35 km from the district headquarters Erode. Gobichettipalayam is also known as 'Chinna Kodambakkam' or 'Mini Kollywood' because of the film shooting that take place here. Many films in Tamil and other languages have been shot here.
A major part of present Gobichettipalayam was previously known as Veerapandi Gramam, and documents and records still use that name.
The city was named after Gobi Chetty Pullan, a scholar of older times. The place was a part of the country ruled by the great king Paari, who is regarded as one of the most generous kings.Pariyur, a place with many temples near Gobichettipalayam was named after him. The land was also ruled by the Cheras and later belonged to Tipu Sultan. After Tipu's defeat, British annexed it to their territory.

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Gudiyatham
Gudiyatham (also called Gudiyattam or Gudiyettram) is a municipality in Vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a town located 31 km from the city of Vellore.
Gudiyatham is about 172 km west of Chennai and 165 km southeast of Bangalore. The town is located near border of Andhra Pradesh state. Gudiyatham has more than 500 small villages around it.The recently announced NH 234 passes through it from Mangalore to Villupuram via Sira,Chintamani,V.Kota,Pernambut,Gudiyattam,Katpadi,Vellore and Tiruvannamalai.
As of 2001 India census, Gudiyatham had a population of 91,376. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Gudiyatham has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 64%. In Gudiyatham, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Gangai amman Temple located in Gudiyattam, famous for its yearly carnival every year on May 14–15 (Tamil month - Vaigasi 1st) which attracts more than a million people from various places (http://dharsanam.blogspot.com/2010/04/gudiyatham-sri-gangai-amman.html). The Temple is famous for its fair. The temple is located on the bank of Goundanya Maha nadhi near the bus stand of Gudiyattam.

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Guindy National Park
Guindy National Park is a 2.82 km² (1.09 sq mi) Protected area of Tamil Nadu, located in Chennai, South India, is the 8th smallest National Park of India and one of the very few national parks situated inside a city. The park is an extension of the grounds surrounding Raj Bhavan, formerly known as the 'Guindy Lodge', the official residence of the Governor of Tamilnadu, India. It extends deep inside the governor's estate, enclosing beautiful forests, scrub lands, lakes and streams.
The park has a role in both ex-situ and in-situ conservation and is home to 400 blackbucks, 2,000 spotted deers, 24 jackals, a wide variety of snakes, geckos, tortoises and over 130 species of birds, 14 species of mammals, over 60 species of butterflies and spiders each, a wealth of different invertebrates—grasshoppers, ants, termites, crabs, snails, slugs, scorpions, mites, earthworms, millipedes, and the like. These are free-ranging fauna and live with the minimal of interference from human beings. The only major management activity is protection as in any other in-situ conservation area. The park attracts more than 700,000 visitors every year.

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India
India (

ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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Indore
Indore /ɪnˈdɔər/ (

Hindi (help·info)) is the largest city and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the richest city in central India and also known as "Mini Mumbai" due to it's lifestyle similarities with Mumbai. It also reflects Mumbai's potpourri of cultures, with significant Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi populations.
Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.

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Jabalpur
Jabalpur (Hindi: जबलपुर) often called as Sanskaardhaani is one of the major cities of India situated in the Mahakaushal region of state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It is the biggest city in the state of Madhya Pradesh by area. It is the largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh and the 38th largest urban agglomeration in India as per the 2011 census statistics.
It is bordered by Katni to the north, Umaria to the north-east, Dindori to the east, Mandla to the south-east, Seoni to the south, Narsimhapur to the south-west and Damoh to the north-west. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district (the second most populous district of Madhya Pradesh) and Jabalpur division.
Geographically an important place, the ruling Gond dynasty of Jabalpur lent its name to the primordial continental mass Gondwana. Historically, a center of Kalchuri and Gond dynasties, Jabalpur developed a syncretic culture influenced by the intermittent reigns of the Maratha and Mughal empires. In the early nineteenth century, it was gradually annexed in British India as Jubbulpore and incorporated as a major cantonment town. Post-independence, there have been demands for a separate state of Mahakoshal with Jabalpur as its capital.

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Jamshedpur
Jamshedpur /ˈdʒɑːmʃɛdpʊər/ (Hindi: जमशेदपुर, Bengali: জামশেদপুর,

pronunciation (help·info)) is the largest urban conglomeration and most populous city in the state of Jharkhand, India . Jamshedpur is the first planned industrial city of India, founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. It is also known as Steel City, TataNagar or simply Tata.
Jamshedpur is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. It has a population of 2,337,131 (according to the 2011 census) and is the third Largest city in Eastern India after Kolkata and Patna. It ranks 36th among the 53 million-plus cities in India. It is located on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city.
Jamshedpur is a major industrial centre of East India. It houses companies like Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Lafarge Cement, Telcon, BOC Gases, Tata Technologies Limited, Praxair, TCE, TCS, Tinplate and many more. It is home to one of the largest industrial zones of India known as Adityapur which houses more than 1,200 small and medium scale industries.

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Jayankondam
Jayankondam (Tamil: ஜெயங்கொண்டம்) is a Municipality in Ariyalur district in the India of Tamil Nadu. It is also called Jayamkondacholapuram.
Jayankondam is a Second Grade Municipality. Jayankondam Being the Head quarters office of Udaiyarpalaiyam Taluk, had Different names like Jayankonda Chozhalapuram. King Gulothunka chozha from time immemorial.
Jayankondam is very famous for JLC Project. It is going to start soon. Jayankondam town is very famous for Shiva night festival , which is celebrate in every year. This town has more than 25 temples of various historical periods scattered.
The existing Government Higher Secondary School at Jayankondam is the old as Higher Secondary School in the town. Here are studying over than 2000 Students.
Jayankondam is located 270 km away from Chennai. On the south 45 km kumbakonam. On the east and 38 km away from Ariyalur. On the North 25 km from Srimueshnam. On the North and 36 km away from Viruthachalam. On the east and 50 km from away Chidambaram.
Jayankondam Town limit extends over an area of 28 Sq.km.

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Jeddah
Jeddah (Arabic: جدّة‎ Jidda), sometimes spelled Jiddah or Jedda, is a city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. The population of the city currently stands at 3.2 million. It is an important commercial hub in Saudi Arabia.
Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca, Islam's holiest city, which able-bodied Muslims are required to visit at least once in their lifetime. It is also a gateway to Medina, the second holiest place in Islam.
Jeddah is one of the most cosmopolitan, diverse, and tolerant of all Saudi Arabian cities, hosting expatriates from all over the world who have made Jeddah their home.^{[citation needed]} Economically, Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia, and the Middle East. Jeddah was independently ranked 4th in the Africa / Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index.

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Jolarpet
Jolarpet (Tamil: ஜோலார்பேட்டை) is a panchayat town in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India.Now it is IInd grade municipality from 2011. It is an important railway junction in Southern Railway. It is located 7 km from Tirupattur and 18 km from Vaniyambadi. The broad gauge railway line from vellore- Katpadi goes in two directions beyond Jolarpet Junction, one towards Salem and the other towards Bangalore.As per new budget report, the proposed new line from Jolarpet to Hosur via krishnagiri would take off from Jolarpet Junction,Tirupattur and pass through Kandili, Bargur, Krishnagiri and Shoolagiri a length of 104 km to join at Rayakottai. Jolarpet Municipality was constituted in the Year 1971 as Ist Grade Town Panchayat, from 24.02.1982 upgraded as Selection Grade Town Panchayat and was subsequently upgraded as IIIrd Grade Municipality from 01.07.2004. It had a population of 40959 and an extent of 13.06.km². The town is divided into 18 Wards. The Municipal Office is situated at Gandhi Road near the Jolarpet Railway junction.

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K.K. Nagar
KK Nagar (shortened from Kalaignar Karunanidhi Nagar)(Tamil: கலைஞர் கருணாநிதி நகர்) (originally called 'K. Kamaraj Nagar' but it was renamed during the DMK regime in the late 1960s^{[citation needed]}) is a small township located in the southern part of Chennai, India. This is situated west of Ashok Nagar and the Chennai Airport is around 10 km southwest of this place. KK Nagar was a locality developed in the 1970s and early 1980s. KK Nagar is roughly 5 km² in area. KK Nagar is organized by sectors and streets, and there are 15 sectors, and around 102 streets.
KK Nagar region is connected by roads with other important regions of the city. The region has a MTC Bus terminus located on Anna Main Road. Vadapalani is the nearest commercial area to KK Nagar. One has to travel a good 12 km to reach the Chennai Central Station (Park Town) from here. Mambalam Railway Station is the nearest suburban railway station to the place. The railway station is a couple of kilometres and towards the south east of the place. Chennai Airport lies to the southwest of KK Nagar and about 10 km from the place. The Chennai Metro upon completion would significantly enhance the connectivity of this locality to other areas in Chennai including the Central Railway Station and the Airport.

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Kanchipuram district
Kanchipuram district (Tamil: காஞ்சிபுரம் மாவட்டம்) is a district in the northeast of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is bounded in the west by Vellore and Thiruvannamalai districts, in the north by Thiruvallur District and Chennai District, in the south by Viluppuram District and in the east by the Bay of Bengal. It lies between 11° 00' to 12° 00' latitudes and 77° 28' to 78° 50' longitudes. The district has a total geographical area of 4,432 km² (1,711 sq mi) and coastline of 57 km (35 mi). The town of Kanchipuram is the district headquarters. It is the second most populous district of Tamil Nadu (out of 32), after Chennai.
The district produces over 15,000 engineering graduates every year, same as Gujarat state.
The history of Kanchi can be traced back to several centuries before the advent of the Christian era. The place finds its name in Patanjali's Mahabhashya, written in the 2nd century BC. Manimekalai, the famous Tamil classic, and Perumpanattu Padai, a great Tamil poetical work, vividly describe Kanchipuram city, as it was at the beginning of the Christian era. Pathupattu, one of the sangam literatures, reads that the king Thondaiman Ilandirayan ruled this town around 2500 years ago.

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Kannur
Kannur

pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര്‍, Kaṇṇūr ^?), also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518 km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore(Land of lord Krishna^{[citation needed]}), which is still in fairly common usage. Kannur is the 6th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, Thrissur and Kollam. It is the largest city of North Malabar region. Kannur Municipality was established in 1867 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Kerala.
Kannur is one of the Million Plus urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1,642,892 in 2011. Kannur is known as the Land of Looms and Lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and ritualistic folk arts held in temples. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches; Theyyam, its native performing art, and its handloom industry.

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Kanpur
Kanpur /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور

pronunciation (help·info)), spelled Cawnpore before 1948, is the Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district, Kanpur Dehat district and Kanpur division. It is the eleventh-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India. It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) and a city area of around 829 km² with an approximate population of 3 million inhabitants in its area. It is administratively divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with an average ward population range of 19000 to 26000.
City Development Plan for Kanpur city is both a perspective and vision for the future development. Kanpur City Development Plan (CDP) is the culmination of a study which was commenced about three months ago^[when?] by JPS Associates. This report is based on invaluable inputs the consultants received from the various stakeholders and the officers associated with the development of the city. This CDP, therefore, truly reflects the vision of the citizens, the poor and the slum dwellers and the officers who are determined to make Kanpur a futuristic city in the next few years.

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Kanyakumari district
Kanyakumari District (also spelled Kanniyakumari or Kanniakumari District) is a district of Tamil Nadu state, India, and is the southernmost land area of mainland India.
The district is the second most urbanised district in Tamil Nadu — next only to Chennai and ahead of Coimbatore - and is the second smallest of the 32 districts of Tamil Nadu. Kanyakumari shares it names with the town of Kanyakumari, which is at the tip of the Indian Peninsula and faces the Indian Ocean, but the administrative capital is Nagercoil. The district is also known as "The District of Ponds" or "The Lands End"
It was part of the princely state of Travancore until India's independence and it later formed a part of Travancore Cochin Presidency before the state of Kerala was formed. Subsequently, four of the eight taluks of Thiruvananthapuram district were separated to form the new district of Kanyakumari, and they were made a part of the Madras Presidency under recommendations from the States' Reorganisation Commission in 1956. The Presidency was later renamed as Tamil Nadu.

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Karaikudi
Karaikudi (Tamil: காரைக்குடி) is a city in Sivaganga District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Chettinad literally 'Chetti land' in Tamil, is a collection of 76 villages/towns. Chettinad stretched from Ramnad District and Pudukottai State of 'British' India. The Chettiars, or more properly the Nattukottai Chettiars, came from the Chettinad. Originally involved in salt trading, sometime in the 18th century they became more widely known as financiers and facilitators for the trade in a range of commodities. By the early 19th century finance had become the primary specialisation of the Chettiars, and they became famed lenders to great land-owning families and in underwriting their trade in grain through the provision of hundis. Several members of the Chettiar community migrated to nearby Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, particularly Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Burma, in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Karaikudi became popular because the area is famous for the type of houses built with limestone called 'karai veedu' and also may be due to a plant called "Karai" which is widely spread over this area.

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Karur
Karur is a large town, municipality and head of the Karur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu situated on the banks of Amaravati. Karur district was formed on 30 September 1995 by trifurcating Tiruchirappalli district. It is the administrative headquarters of Karur District. Karur has a very long history and has been sung by various sangam poets. It has been the battleground of various Tamil Kings like Chera, Chola and Pandya because of its strategic location in Kongu Nadu. The district has a very rich and varied cultural heritage. The town and the country side is made fertile by the perennial flows of the Kaveri River on the northern side(Thavittupalayam, Vangal, Muniyappanur, Kattalai (confluence of Kaveri River and Amaravati River) Mayanur, Kulithalai) and also the Amaravati, Nalkasi, Kudaganar and Noyyal rivers. The area is famous worldwide for its hand-loom textile products.

Karur is one of the oldest towns in Tamil Nadu and has played a very significant role in the history and culture of the Tamils. Its history dates back over 2000 years, and has been a flourishing trading center in the early Sangam days. It was ruled by the Cheras, Gangas, Cholas, the Vijayanagara Nayaks, Mysore and the British successively.

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Keelakarai
Kilakarai, Kilakkarai or Keelakarai (Tamil: கீழக்கரை) is a municipality in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Kilakarai is an ancient coastal town and a port, located in the southern Tamil Nadu. It was a flourishing sea port and a gateway to places as far as Madurai till the early 20th century . The famous pearl belt known as the Gulf of Mannar in the Bay of Bengal is dotted with small islands Appa Tivu, Nallatanni Tivu, Shuli Tivu,Uppu Tanni Tivu, Talari Tivu and Musal Tivu. The coastal line of Kilakarai is formed by series of small bays and finest coral reefs sheltering the town from the perils of the ocean.
The prime occupations of the people were pearl, conch, Sea trade and transport. Mid 20th century saw a decline in the occupations of the people of Kilakarai, with the advent of the surface transport the Merchant Navies faded away and Kilakarai aka Killikare ceased to be a harbour and port. The cultured pearl industry choked the once robust pearl trade or Muthu Salabam. The Conch and Coral industries declined due to new regulations and restrictions.

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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.

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Koothanallur
Koothanallur is a city and a municipality in Thiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Koothanallur, a small village started from the Turkish colonization, Koothanallur derives its name from two cultivator-brothers called Younger Koothan and Elder Koothan who are believed to have been the original settlers in the patch of wet lands some 800 years ago. "Nallur" denotes the welfare status of the village those days. The present Koothanallur is a municipal town of 12.31 square kilometres in area, lying on the route between Mannargudi and Tiruvarur of old East Tanjore District, some 350 kilometres south east of Chennai. It is populated predominantly by Muslim community. River Vennar, which flows through the heart of the town, keeps the soil most fertile. The history began when Turkish traders and missionaries settled in Koothanallur and build a first mosque in Big Street in 12th century.
The residents of Koothanallur, Podakkudi and Attikadai were very well known for their cleanliness and beauty because they were the descendent of Sultanate of Rum (Rome). Koothanallur ancestors known came from Turkey, Greek, Albania and Arab Bedouin, none of them was known converted from Hindu to Islam. Most of them had fair complexion but the dark complexion ones was the Bedouin generation. A written rock in Turkish language was found at the wall of Chinnapalli and Big Mosque.

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Korkai
Korkai (8°40'N; 78°5'E) is a small village in the Srivaikuntam taluk of Thoothukudi district in Tamil Nadu, India. It was called as Pandya-Kavada in Ramayana and the Mahabharata, and as Kapatapuram in Kalithogai. It is situated about 3 km north of the Thamirabarani River and about 6 km from the shore of Bay of Bengal. Korkai was the capital, principal center of trade and important port of the Early Pandyan Kingdom. At that time, it was located on the banks of the Tamraparani River and at the sea coast, forming a natural harbour. Due to excessive sedimentation, the sea has receded about 6 km in the past 2000 years, leaving Korkai well inland today. The famous urn burial site, Adichanallur, is located about 15 km. from Korkai.
In ancient times, Korkai was a well known center of pearl fishery; it is mentioned often in the Sangam literature and in classical western literature. Ptolemy refers to the place as Kolkhai and says that it was an emporium. The Periplus says that the Pandyan kingdom extended from Comari towards the north, including Korkai, where the pearl fisheries were.

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Kota, Rajasthan
Kota

pronunciation (help·info) (Rajasthani: कोटा), formerly known as Kotah, is a city in the northern Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 240 kilometres (149 mi) south of state capital, Jaipur. Situated on the banks of Chambal River, the city is the trade centre for an area in which millet, wheat, rice, pulses, coriander and oilseeds are grown; industries include cotton and oilseed milling, textile weaving, distilling, dairying, manufacture of metal handcrafts, fertilizers, chemicals and engineering equipment.
The city of Kota is situated at a center of the southeastern region of Rajasthan a very region widely known as Hadoti the land of the Hadas. Kota lies along the banks of the Chambal river. The historical places and temples are getting surrounded with signs of modern development. Kota is on a high sloping tableland forming a part of the Malwa Plateau. The Mokandarra hills run from southeast to northwest axis of the town. It is 36 km from Bundi. The town of Kota was once the part of the erstwhile Rajput kingdom of Bundi. It became a separate princely state in the 17th century. Apart from the several monuments that reflect the erstwhile glory of the town, Kota is also known for its palaces and gardens.

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Lucknow
Lucknow /ˈlʌknaʊ/ (Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, Lakhnaū, IPA: [ˈləkʰnəu] (

listen)) is a city in India and capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. Located in what was originally known as the Awadh (Oudh) region, Lucknow has always been known as a multicultural city, and flourished as a cultural and artistic capital of North India in the 18th and 19th centuries. Courtly manners, beautiful gardens, poetry, music, and fine cuisine patronised by the Shia Nawabs of Iranian origin, are well known amongst Indians and students of South Asian culture and history. Lucknow is popularly known as The City of Nawabs. It is also known as the "Golden City of the East," "Shiraz-i-Hind" and "The Constantinople of India."
The ancient history of Lucknow is mired in mystries and folk sayings. It is popularly believed that Lucknow (लखनऊ) derives its name from Lakshman (लक्ष्मण) (also known as Lakhan (लखन)), younger brother of Lord Rama, greatest hero of Suryawanshi kshatriya clan of India. Ram ordered Lakshman to establish a new town near Ayodhya, the capital of Rama. Lakshman came and built a strong fort. The present Lakshman Teela (लक्ष्मण टीला) in Lucknow is believed to be the site of ancient city of Lakhanpur built by Lakshman.

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Ludhiana
Ludhiana /ˌluːdiˈɑːnə/ (also Ludhyana; Punjabi: ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center of northern India. Residents of the city may be referred to as Ludhianvis.^{[citation needed]}
Ludhiana is located 100 km west from state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1 from Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar, and is well connected to New Delhi by road, frequent train service and by air.
Ludhiana is a well known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U.S.

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Madinah
Medina (/mɛˈdiːnə/; Arabic: اَلْمَدِينَة اَلْمَنَوَّرَة‎, al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, “the radiant city” (officially), or اَلْمَدِينَة al-Madīnah; also transliterated as Madinah, or madinat al-nabi "the city of the prophet") is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. Medina is historically significant for being Muhammad's home after the Hijrah. Before the advent of Islam, the city was known as Yathrib, but was personally renamed by Muhammad.
Medina is home to the three oldest mosques in Islam, namely Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque), Quba Mosque (the first mosque in Islam's history), and Masjid al-Qiblatain (the mosque where the qibla was switched to Mecca).
Because of the Saudi government's religious policy and concern that historic sites could become the focus for idolatry, much of Medina's Islamic physical heritage has been destroyed since the beginning of Saudi rule.^{[citation needed]}

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Madras High Court
Coordinates: 13°05′16″N 80°17′17″E / 13.08778°N 80.28812°E
The Madras High Court (Tamil: சென்னை உயர்நீதிமன்றம்) is a senior court located at Chennai (Madras), in India. The court buildings, which are believed to be the second largest judicial complex in the world, are located near the beach, in one of the city's major business districts.
The jurisdiction of the Madras High Court covers Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.
British India's three presidency towns of Madras (Chennai), Bombay (Mumbai), and Calcutta (Kolkata) were each granted a High Court by letters patent dated 26 June 1862. The letters patent were issued by Queen Victoria under the authority of the British parliament's Indian High Courts Act 1861. The three courts remain unique in modern India, having been established under British royal charter; this is in contrast with the country's other high courts, which have been directly established under Indian legislation. However, the Constitution of India recognises the status of the older courts.

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Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu with a population of over 1 million (according to the 2001 census). Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The city is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District. The capital of the Pandyan kingdom was initially Korkai, around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunj Cheliyan I. Madurai is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and Madurai Nayak kings in the Dravidian style of architecture. It is also one of India's most prominent Hindu pilgrimage centres.
Madurai is also called as City of Junction (Koodal nagaram), City of Jasmine (Malligai maanagar), Temple city (Koil maanagar), City that never sleeps (Thoonga nagaram) and City of four junctions (Naanmada koodal).
Madurai's recorded history goes back to the 3rd century BC and the city is mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India and Kautilya, the minister of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The city was the principal administrative and cultural centre of the Pandyan dynasty which ruled over the southern parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala till the first half of the 14th century AD. In about 1311, the Pandyan dynasty was overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate which established the province of Ma'bar which later became independent as the Ma'bar Sultanate. When the Ma'bar Sultanate began to decline in the latter years of the 14th century, Madurai was absorbed into the Vijayanagar Empire. The viceroys of the Vijayanagar Empire established the Madurai Nayak kingdom and ruled as independent kings from 1559 to 1736. After a brief period of occupation by Chanda Sahib and the Carnatic kingdom, Madurai was annexed by the British East India Company in 1801.

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Madurai District
Madurai district is one of the 32 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the world famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist place in the district. Kazimar Periya Pallivasal and Madurai Maqbara in Kazimar Street are the oldest and major Islamic symbols in the city.
Madurai, also known as "Athens of the East". The main kingdoms which ruled Madurai during various times are the Pandyas and the Nayaks. Madurai is nicknamed "Thoonga Nagaram", roughly translated as, "city that never sleeps". Madurai is called as temple city
Madurai district comprises 13 Blocks.The Blocks become the best part of administration due to the number of villages in the district where rural administration is done by the Block hq. The Blocks are sub-divided by Firkas
Madurai district comprises seven Taluks.
According to the 2011 census Madurai district has a population of 3,041,038, roughly equal to the nation of Oman or the US state of Iowa. This gives it a ranking of 119th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 823 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,130 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.95 %. Madurai has a sex ratio of 990 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 81.66 %.

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Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 32 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the world famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist place in the district. Kazimar Periya Pallivasal and Madurai Maqbara in Kazimar Street are the oldest and major Islamic symbols in the city.
Madurai, also known as "Athens of the East". The main kingdoms which ruled Madurai during various times are the Pandyas and the Nayaks. Madurai is nicknamed "Thoonga Nagaram", roughly translated as, "city that never sleeps". Madurai is called as temple city
Madurai district comprises 13 Blocks.The Blocks become the best part of administration due to the number of villages in the district where rural administration is done by the Block hq. The Blocks are sub-divided by Firkas
Madurai district comprises seven Taluks.
According to the 2011 census Madurai district has a population of 3,041,038, roughly equal to the nation of Oman or the US state of Iowa. This gives it a ranking of 119th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 823 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,130 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.95 %. Madurai has a sex ratio of 990 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 81.66 %.

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Madurai Maqbara
Coordinates: 10°58′30″N 78°17′6″E / 10.975°N 78.285°E
Madurai Maqbara (Tamil: மதுரை மக்பரா, Arabic: مدهر مقبرة‎) refers to the Dargahs of three Sufi saints: Mir Ahmad Ibrahim, Mir Amjad Ibrahim, and Abdus Salaam Ibrahim. The Arabic word "Maqbara", which means mausoleum, is derived from the word "qabr", which means grave. Though maqbara refers to the graves of all Muslims, it refers especially to the graves (Raula or Rauza) of religious figures or Waliyullahs who dedicated their life to Islam, striving to be true Muslims and training others to follow Islam as first preached by the Prophet Mohamed.
In Madurai, South Tamilnadu there are many Dargahs of waliyullhas, but the term "Madurai Maqbara" generally refers to the Dargahs of three saints: Mir Ahmad Ibrahim, Mir Amjad Ibrahim, and Abdus Salaam Ibrahim. The birth of these three waliyullahs was declared by Hazrat Nabi Sulaiman, the messenger of Allah, and a genie called Jaimur was deployed by Hazrat Sulaiman to serve them. The place where these three sheikhs' graves are found is called Maqbara and is in the premises of Kazimar Big mosque (Periya Pallivasal) in the Heart of Madurai, city which is the cultural capital of Tamilnadu in South India.

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Maraimalainagar
Maraimalai Nagar (Tamil: மறைமலைநகர்) is a suburb of the southern Indian city of Chennai. Maraimalai Nagar and its surrounding areas are referred to as "New Chennai" by the media, due to recent industrial development around this area. It is a Satellite town developed by CMDA in the Year 1980. Before that it was a forest land. This Town is formed and named as Maraimalai Nagar for the remembrance of Maraimalai Adigalar, a modern age Tamil poet. Many heavy industries are located in Maraimalai Nagar. The Ford India and BMW car factories is located within a mile of Maraimalai Nagar and the Indian software giant Infosys also has an office within eight kilometers of Maraimalai Nagar.Also SRM university has its main campus in potheri. http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Maraimalainagar/
Maraimalai Nagar Municipality comprises Kattankulathur, Potheri, Thirukatchur and Peramanur villages and was constituted as Third grade Municipality in 2004. In 2010, it is upgraded as Special Grade Municipality. The town is divided in to 21 wards. The extent of Municipal Area is 58.08 km². Maraimalai Nagar is also very near to Oragadam - a new investment destination near Chennai.

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Mayiladuthurai
Mayiladuthurai (Tamil: மயிலாடுதுறை, mayilāṭurai), formerly known by its Sanskrit names Māyavaram and Mayūram (English translation: Peacock town) is a town in the Nagapattinam District of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Mayiladuthurai taluk of Nagapattinam district and is the second-largest town in the district. Mayiladuthurai is situated at distance of 281 kilometres south-west of Chennai, 70 kilometres north-east of Thanjavur and 50 kilometres north-west of Nagapattinam.
Mayiladuthurai gets its name from the peahen form in which the Hindu goddess Parvathi worshipped the god Shiva at this place. The town is one of the 274 Saiva holy places in the world.
Mayiladuthurai is of considerable antiquity and cultural and religious significance. The town must have originated in the Medieval Chola period though there are suburbs which predate the town itself. Mayiladuthurai was ruled by the Early Cholas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire, Thanjavur Nayaks and the Thanjavur Marathas before it was annexed by the British East India Company along with the rest of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom in 1799. It rose to be an important town during British rule when it formed a part of Tanjore district. The town was constituted as a grade III municipality in the year 1866. Currently, Mayiladuthurai forms a grade I municipality.

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Meerut
Meerut (Hindi: मेरठ, Urdu: میرٹھ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization having been found in and around the area. The city lies 70 km (43 mi) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km (281 mi) northwest of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the largest being Delhi), the 16th largest metropolitan area and 25^th largest city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and 242 in 2010 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world. The city covers an area of about 172 km² (66 sq mi) while the total area is 198 km² (76 sq mi), third largest in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur and Lucknow . It has the 2^nd largest army cantonment in the country.^{[citation needed]} The city is one of the largest producers of sports goods, and the largest producer of musical instruments in India. The city is also an education hub in western Uttar Pradesh.

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Melamadai
Melamadai is a panchayat town in Madurai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001 India census, Melamadai had a population of 28,885. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Melamadai has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 74%. In Melamadai, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 9°54′56″N 78°08′44″E / 9.91556°N 78.14556°E

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Mettur
Mettur is an industrial Town municipality in Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is best known for the Mettur Dam.
However in recent years it has been associated with rampant industrial polluting, with the Chennai-based Community Environmental Monitoring (CEM) arguing in their report of November 2007 for its designation as a "Critically Polluted Area". This argument centred around an air sample which found levels of 1,2-Dicholoroethane, a known carcinogen, at 32,432 times the United States Environmental Protection Agency‎‎ (USEPA) Screening Levels. Although the Central Pollution Board is yet to respond to this argument, the findings of The Indian People's Tribunal(IPT) in 2005 and the chemical tests performed by a USEPA-approved laboratory in Oregon, USA make this one of the most pressing environmental issues in South India.
Mettur, meaning 'town with crests and troughs', obtained its name owing to the undulating rocky nature of the land that makes the town an ideal place for the dam on Cauvery river the life line of north and central Tamil Nadu. Stanley Reservoir.

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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.

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Nagercoil
Nagercoil (Tamil: நாகர்கோவில்) (Malayalam: നാഗർകോവിൽ) (aka: Nagerkoil) [3] is the 12th largest town in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District. The town is situated close to the tip of the Indian peninsula and is the southernmost town on the Indian mainland.
The town was a part of the erstwhile Travancore state, or later Travancore-Cochin state, till almost a decade after the Indian independence in 1947. In 1956, the city and the District were merged with Tamil Nadu. In its earlier days, the town and its surroundings were known as Nanjilnadu.
Nagercoil derives its name from the famous old Nagaraja Temple (temple of the serpent king) [4] which is in the central part of town. It has been an important temple for Hindus for centuries as well as a tourist attraction. According to certain accounts, it may once have been a Jain temple, as icons of the Jain Tirthankaras — Mahavira and Parsvanatha — are found on the pillars of the temple.^{[citation needed]}

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Nagpur
Nāgpur (

pronunciation (help·info) English: Nagpore) is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. With a population of 2,405,421 (2011) Nagpur Metropolitan Area is the 13th largest urban conglomeration in India. It has also recently been ranked as the cleanest city and the second greenest city of India after Bangalore. In addition to being the seat of annual winter session of Maharashtra state assembly "Vidhan Sabha", [Nagpur] is also a major commercial and political center of the Vidarbha region of [Maharashtra], and is also famous throughout the country as "Orange City" for being a major trade center of oranges that are cultivated in the region. In addition, the city also derives political importance from being the headquarters for the Hindu nationalist organisation RSS and an important location for the Dalit Buddhist movement.
Nagpur lies precisely at the center of the country with the Zero Mile Marker indicating the geographical center of India. The city was founded by the Gonds but later became part of the Maratha Empire under the Bhonsles. The British East India Company took over Nagpur in the 19th century and made it the capital of the Central Provinces and Berar. After the first reorganisation of states, the city lost its capital status but according to the informal "Nagpur Pact" between political leaders it was made the second capital of Maharashtra. Nagpur is also declared, "Tiger Capital of India " as it connects many Tiger Reserves in India to the world.

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Nashik
Nashik or Nasik (Marathi: नाशिक ) (

pronunciation (help·info)) is a city in Maharashtra, India. Nashik is located in the northwest of Maharashtra, 180 km from Mumbai and 202 km from Pune. Nashik is the administrative headquarters of Nashik district and Nashik Division. Nashik, which has been referred to as the "Wine Capital of India", or as India’s Napa Valley, is located in the Western Ghats, on the western edge of the Deccan peninsula on the banks of the Godavari. In addition to supplying the name to the famed Nassak Diamond, the city is known for its picturesque surroundings and pleasant climate. The Godavari River flows through Nashik from its source, which lies to the southwest of the city, in Trimbakeshwar . Nashik Urban Agglomeration (Nashik UA) has a (projected year 2008) population of 1,620,000 and a total area of 264.23 km² which makes it the fourth largest urban area in Maharashtra in terms of population. Nashik is the third most industrialized city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune .

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Navi Mumbai
Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: Navi Muṃbaī, English: New Mumbai) is a Planned Satellite City on the west coast of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was developed in 1972 as a twin city of Mumbai, and is the largest planned city on the planet, with 163 square kilometres (63 sq mi) under the jurisdiction of the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) and a total area of 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi). Navi Mumbai lies on the mainland on the eastern shore of Thane Creek. The city limits stretch from Airoli near Thane in the north, to Uran in the south. The length of the city is almost the same as that of Mumbai. The Vashi and the Airoli Bridges connect Navi Mumbai to Mumbai. A new link between Nerul and Uran is under construction. The costliest real estate and most highly developed areas of Navi Mumbai are Vashi and Nerul, while Kharghar and Panvel are experiencing major infrastructural developments due to their proximity to the proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport. Vashi is known as the king of Navi Mumbai while Nerul is called the queen of Navi Mumbai. Navi Mumbai has a population of 11,19,477 (1,119,477) according to the 2011 census of India.

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Nellikuppam
Nellikuppam is a city and a municipality in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001 India census, Nellikuppam had a population of 44,191. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Nellikuppam has an average literacy rate of 69%,which is higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 61%. In Nellikuppam, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Nellikuppam assembly constituency is part of Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency).
As per latest restructing of constituency by the Election Commission, Nellikuppam has been merged with Panruti legislative assembly.
The local body is maintaining Four Elementary Schools. In addition to that the town has 12 Private Schools arounds. One of the Major Institution namely Sri Krishnasamy College of Engineering and Technology located 5 km away from Nellikuppam.
The importants schools in Nellikuppam are: St.Paul's Matriculation Higher Secondary School Danish Mission Higher Secondary School Balavihar Matriculation Higher Secondary School St.Domnic Savio Matriculation Higher Secondary School Al Nayem Muslim English School Govt. Girl's Higher Secondary School Govt. Boy's Higher Secondary School

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Nelliyalam
Nelliyalam is a panchayat town in The Nilgiris district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001 India census, Nelliyalam had a population of 42,400. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Nelliyalam has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 67%. In Nelliyalam, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 11°29′50″N 76°22′33″E / 11.49722°N 76.37583°E

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Oddanchatram
Oddanchatram is a Municipality in Dindigul district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located in the base of the western ghats (the tail end of the Palani Hills) in South India. It lies on the highway between Madurai-Coimbatore and Dindigul-Palani. It has a population of more than 40,000, with considerable migrant population from surrounding villages. Since before independence, there has been a train service to Oddanchatram. The Madurai-Coimbatore trains pass through Oddanchatram. However, the train station is currently under renovations, so there are no trains passing through.
According to the 2001 India census, Oddanchatram has a population of 24,135. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Oddanchatram has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 62%. In Oddanchatram, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Oddanchatram is popular not only in Tamilnadu but also in the nearby states of Kerala and Karnataka for its large supply of vegetables. A large quantity of vegetables are transported every day from the town. The town is also famous for milk products such as ghee and buttermilk and you can also find cattle market which will be gathered out side the town only on Fridays. The majority of the population work in agriculture. Goods transportation, by road and rail, is a growing economic sector.

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Oman
Oman (

ⁱ/oʊˈmɑːn/ oh-MAAN; Arabic: عمان‎ ʻUmān), officially called the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān), is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam enclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.
For a period, Oman was a moderate regional power, formerly having a sultanate extending across the Strait of Hormuz to Iran, and modern day Pakistan, and far south to Zanzibar on the coat of south-east Africa. Over time, as its power declined, the sultanate came under heavy influence from the United Kingdom, though Oman was never formally part of the British Empire, or a British protectorate. The Omani royal family claim that Oman has been ruled by the Al Said dynasty since 1744, although without substantial proof. Oman has long-standing military and political ties with the United Kingdom and the United States, although it maintains an independent foreign policy.

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Palanganatham
Palanganatham is a region in the city of Madurai. It is in the southern part of Madurai on the way from Periyar to Tiruparankundram. Its postal zip code is 625003. In earlier (before mattuthavani) it's the main bus stand to go for south Tamil Nadu and kerala.

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Pallavaram
Pallavaram (Tamil: பல்லாவரம்) is a town and a second-grade municipality located in the suburbs of Chennai. It forms a part of the Tambaram taluk of Kanchipuram district and is located 17 kilometres from Chennai city. Pallavaram is known for its cantonment and bustling residential colonies.
Pallavaram has a long history and has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. The city derives its name from the Pallava settlement of Pallavapuram of which it used to form a part. The cantonment and aerodrome were established during British rule. The British also carried out mining activities on Pallavaram Hill made of charnockite rock which is believed to have healing properties.
Pallavaram is considered to be one of the oldest inhabited places in South India. A major archaeological find was made in the year 1864 when the British archaeologist Robert Bruce Foote discovered a stone implement from the Paleolithic Age inside a ballast pit. Since then, a number of stone age artifacts have been uncovered. Most of these artifacts are currently lodged in the Egmore museum.

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Paramakudi
Paramakudi (Tamil: பரமக்குடி) is a town, a municipality in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The river Vaigai flows through Paramakudi on its way to the Bay of Bengal.
As of 2001 India census, Paramakudi had a population of 82,239. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Paramakudi has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: Male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 68%. In Paramakudi, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is the highest populated town in the district and second largest town in the district of Ramanathapuram.
The nearest towns include Ilaiyangudi, Ramanathapuram, and Sivagangai. The town is at the junction of three districts: Ramnathapuram, Sivagangai and Virudunagar. Paramakudi is 69 km east of Madurai, on route to Rameswaram.
Historically the area was ruled by the Pandyan Dynasty and later by King Sethupathi of Ramanathapuram. According to the ancient epic Ramayana, Lord Rama started his battle against Ravana at Sethu Canal, which is 45 minutes travel from here.

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Paravai
Paravai is a panchayat town in Madurai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001 India census, Paravai had a population of 16,346. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Paravai has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 65%. In Paravai, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.paravai is a town panchayath in madurai district the famous function paravai arulmigu muthunayagi amman festivel
Coordinates: 9°58′48″N 78°03′37″E / 9.98°N 78.06028°E

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Patna
Paṭnā /ˈpʌtnə/ (

Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second most populous city in Eastern India. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and during the Islamic period the seat of power for the Suri dynasty.
Pataliputra was also a seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide.
In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna in second place in India, after Delhi, in terms of the ease of starting a business. As at 2004-2005, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at Rs31,441. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Patna has been ranked as 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Patna registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.

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Pattukkottai
Pattukkottai (Tamil: பட்டுக்கோட்டை) is a town in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It forms the headquarters of the Pattukkottai taluk of Thanjavur district and is one of the three municipalities in the district.
According to an inscription, the fortress of Pattukkottai was constructed by Vanaji Pandithar, a feudatory of the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Shahuji I in 1686-87. Pattukkottai was ruled by the Thanjavur Marathas till 1799, when it was annexed by the British East India Company. It became a part of Tanjore district in 1801.
Having a population of 7,503 in 1901, Pattukkottai experienced a population splurge between 1941 and 1981, when its population quadrupled. Sri Puradhana Vaneswarar temple is the most important Hindu temple in Pattukkottai and is of considerable antiquity.
Pattukkottai 10°26′N 79°19′E / 10.43°N 79.32°E is located along the southeast coast of India in the East-central region of Tamil Nadu. Pattukkottai Municipality covers an area of 21.83 km²., and has an average elevation of 5 meters (16 feet). Pattukkottai is 48 km from the city of Thanjavur. The coast of the Bay of Bengal is just 12 km away, with Manora fort 15 km away from this town.

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Pollachi
Pollachi (Tamil: பொள்ளாச்சி) is a taluk of Coimbatore Rural district of the Tamil Nadu state of India. It lies in the southern part of the Coimbatore city around 40 kilometres from downtown Coimbatore. This is the second largest town in the District after Corporation of Coimbatore. Owing to the proximity to the Western Ghats, Pollachi has a pleasant climate throughout the year. Pollachi is very popular for its markets, especially for jaggery, fresh vegetables and cattle. The Jaggery Market in Pollachi is Asia's largest of its kind. The Central part of Kerala totally dependes upon the vegetables from Pollachi. Cattle Market of Pollachi is the biggest of its kind in Southern India.
During ancient times, Pollachi was known as "porul achi" (Tamil: பொழில் வாய்ச்சி' which means "The land of natural wealth and prosperity" (One can find this name in the Lord Subramanyar temple in Pollachi). The name Pozhil Vaichi has changed into Pollachi over time. The historic town of Pollachi was once known as Mudi Konda Chola Nallur during the period of Kulottunga Chola-III. The Subramanyar temple here is an ancient one, with a history that goes back about eight centuries. It is believed that the Subramanyar temple here was once a Shiva temple, enshrining Agastheeswaram Udaiyaar, with the festival deity being Subramanyar. Much of the construction in the temple belongs to the 20th century. There is another story about the Origin of the name. Pollachi was known as "Porull Aatchi" (Tamil: பொருள் ஆட்சி) which means "The land of wealthy Government". In the olden days, it was said that anything can be sold/bought in/from Pollachi market (including elephants) except one's parents.

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Poonamallee
Poonamallee ('Punamalli' or originally 'Pūvirundavalli") (Tamil: பூவிருந்தவல்லி) is a town in the Poonamallee taluk of the Thiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Presently considered to be a suburb of Chennai, it is a town with rich cultural heritage and also coping up with the fast developments of the adjacent city.
The town of Poonamallee is situated at a distance of 23 kilometres from Fort St George and 17 kilometres from Sriperumbudur on the Chennai-Bangalore highway. It is located at the end of the Mount-Poonamallee Road, 11 kilometres from Guindy and 13 kilometres from Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus on the Chennai bypass. The nearest railway station is at Avadi which is nine kilometres away. It is also an important halting point for buses starting from Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus and going towards Tirupati, Kanchipuram, Vellore etc.
The name "Poonamallee" might have been derived from "Poovirundavalli", meaning "the place where jasmine is cultivated". In Sanskrit, the place is called Pushpakavalli. Pushpam' means flower and Valli denotes Goddess. There is a legend that Goddess Laxmi rose from jasmine flower and gave darashan to Thirukatchi Nambi Alwar. It is also said the Alwar worshipped God Varadaraja, deity at Kanchi with the jasmine flowers plucked from here. This place is also called "Lakshmipuram' and Ulagu Vuyya Konda Cholapuram.

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Pudukkottai district
Pudukkottai District (Tamil: புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டம்) is a district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Pudukkottai is the district headquarters. It is also known colloquially as Pudhugai (Tamil: புதுகை).
Pudukkottai district is bounded on the northeast and east by Thanjavur District, on the southeast by the Palk Strait, on the southwest by Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga districts, and on the west and northwest by Tiruchirapalli District
The district has an area of 4663 km² with a coastline of 42 km. The district lies between 78° 25' and 79° 15' east longitude and between 9° 50' and 10° 40' of the north latitude.
On 14 January 1974, Pudukkottai was organised as a separate district comprising the former Pudukkottai Division of Tiruchirappalli district with some additions from Thanjavur District. At present, this district is composed of two Revenue Divisions, namely, Pudukkottai and Aranthangi and eleven Taluks, namely, Kulathur, Illuppur, Alangudi Pudukkottai, Gandarvakottai, Thirumayam, Aranthangi, Ponnamaravathi, Karambakudi, Avudaiyarkoil and Manamelkudi. There are 762 Revenue Villages.

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Puliyankudi
Puliyankudi is a city and a municipality in Tirunelveli district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001 India census, Puliyankudi had a population of 60,142. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Puliyankudi has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 54%. In Puliyankudi, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. The great lemon exporters in state. The Second great lemon exporter in Tamil Nadu. Puliangudi has the highest number of schools next to Thirunelveli in Thirunelveli district.
Coordinates: 9°10′N 77°25′E / 9.167°N 77.417°E

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Punjaipuliampatti
Punjaipuliampatti is a panchayat town in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001 India census, Punjaipuliampatti had a population of 15,144. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Punjaipuliampatti has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 58%. In Punjaipuliampatti, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 11°21′N 77°12′E / 11.35°N 77.2°E

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Rajkot
Rajkot (Gujarati: રાજકોટ Rājkot

) is the fourth largest city in the state of Gujarat, India, after Ahmedabad, Surat and Vadodara. Rajkot is the 23rd urban agglomeration in India, with a population more than 1.6 million as on 2012. Rajkot is ranked 22nd in The world's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020.
Rajkot is a city of Gujarat state in India and administrative headquarters of the Rajkot District, 245 km from the state capital Gandhinagar, located on the banks of the Aji River and Nyari River. Rajkot was the capital of the then Saurashtra state from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956 before merging in bilingual Bombay State on 1 November 1956. Rajkot was merged into Gujarat State from bilingual Bombay state on May 1, 1960.
Rajkot has been under many different rulers since it was founded. Rajkot has a long history and played a significant part in Indian independence movement. Rajkot was one of the main trade centre's in Saurashtra.
Rajkot was founded by the then ruler of Sardhar 1607 A.D. on the west bank of Aji River, in the middle of Saurashtra. Vibhaji Ajoji was the grandson of Jam Sataji of Nawanagar, the present day Jamnagar. Rajkot was named in honor of its co-founder.

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Ramanathapuram
Ramanathapuram (Tamil: இராமநாதபுரம்)

pronunciation (help·info), also known as Ramnad, is a city and a municipality in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Ramanathapuram district.
Tourists visit Ramnad to see the Raja Palace, still occupied by the former Sethupaty Raja and his family. Although no longer in power, the family contributes to the community by setting up schools and hospitals. Some westerners who teach in their school through the Projects Abroad organisation live in the palace during their stay. Philip Radlanski, a German citizen who visited in 2004 as an English teacher, made a documentary movie about the palace. Ramanathapuram is close to Rameshwaram and Devipattinam, both important pilgrimage centres. uchipuli a main tourist place which connects through airways
As of the 2001 India census, Ramanathapuram had a population of 61,976. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Ramanathapuram has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 74%. In Ramanathapuram, 11% of the population is under 6.

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Ranchi
Ranchi /ˈrɑːntʃi/ (

Hindi (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand accounts for 40% of the mineral resources of India. Earlier most of the part in Jharkhand was covered by forest but now due to urbanization trees are cut and forest cover is depleting fast. Since 2011 census Ranchi now is one of the 53 million-plus cities of India and stands as the 46th largest city out of top 53.^{[citation needed]}. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, Western West Bengal and the present eastern Chhattisgarh. Jharkhand State was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.
The name Ranchi comes from the original Oraon village Archi at the site. Archi derives from the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an altercation with a spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave or archi. The spirit shouted archi, archi, archi and vanished; Archi became Rachi, and Rachi became Ranchi.. One historically significant neighborhood is Doranda ('duran' 'दुरङ' means song and 'daah' 'दअः' means water in the Mundari language), between the Hinoo (Bhusur) & Harmoo Rivers, where the civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj were destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny. The present Purani (old) Ranchi marks the site of the old village of Archi.

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Ranipet
Ranipet is a suburb town and industrial hub of Vellore in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is a medium-sized community located about 21 kilometers from the Vellore city center and 100 kilometers from Chennai, the fourth largest urban area in India. It is a major industrial town in the Chennai-Bangalore highway.
This town is situated on the northern bank of the Palar river.
As of 2001 India census, Ranipettai had a population of 47,236. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Ranipettai has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 74%. In Ranipettai, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Ranipet is 110 km from Chennai, by road. Walajah Road Railway Station is the nearest railhead, while the nearest railway junction is Vellore-Katpadi Jn, 17 km from Ranipet. The nearest airport is Chennai International Airport.
There are a number of large and medium scale leather industries making both finished leather and leather articles such as shoes and garments for export. There are other small scale industries in Ranipet mostly engaged in chemical, leather and tool making. These industries are the major lifeline for the town.

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River Vaigai
The Vaigai is a river in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state of southern India. It originates in the Periyar Plateau of the Western Ghats range, and flows northeast through the Kambam Valley, which lies between the Palni Hills to the north and the Varushanad Hills to the south. The Vattaparai Falls are located on this river. As it rounds the eastern corner of the Varushanad Hills, the river turns southeast, running through the region of Pandya Nadu. Madurai, the largest city in the Pandya Nadu region and its ancient capital, lies on the Vaigai. The river empties into the Palk Strait in Ramanathapuram District.
The Vaigai is 258 kilometres (160 mi) long, with a drainage basin 7,031 square kilometres (2,715 sq mi) large.
The following story is told about the birth of the river Vaigai. Meenakshi, the daughter of a Pandyan king, was an incarnation of Parvati. From a very young age, she made up her mind to marry Lord Shiva and none else. Her family was initially against this but eventually consented to her wish and arranged the wedding. Sundareswara (Siva), being an ascetic, came to the wedding without any family or relatives accompanying him. Disappointed at this, the Pandyan king angrily showed Siva the huge amount of food prepared for the bridegroom's relatives. Siva pointed to a friend he had brought with him saying 'He will consume all the food that you've made'. This friend was a Rakshasa named Kundodhara. After Kundodhara finished all the food that was prepared, He became very thirsty and started asking for water. All the wells and canals in Madurai were not sufficient to quench his thirst. Then, Siva asked Kundodhara to put his hand out and opened a small part of his hair lock and Ganga began to flow into his hand. After quenching his thirst, The rest of the waters began flowing in Madurai as the Vaigai river. Vaigai means 'put your hand out' in Tamil.

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Salem district
Salem District is a district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Salem is the district headquarters. Other major towns in the district are Mettur, Omalur and Attur. The district is well connected by rail and road networks.
Salem district is known for its mangoes, steel and for the Mettur dam, which is a major source of irrigation and drinking water for the state of Tamil Nadu.
The culture of the region including Salem district dates back to the ancient Kongu Nadu. Salem was the largest district in Tamil Nadu before it was divided into two districts: Salem and Dharmapuri. Later, Salem district was again divided with the formation of the Namakkal district. The first cinema theater named Modern Theaters was in Salem^{[citation needed]}. Salem city, the seat of the district, is the fourth most urbanized city in Tamil Nadu (following Chennai, Coimbatore, and Madurai).
Located approximately midway between Bengaluru and Madurai, Salem district is surrounded by hills. Yercaud, a mild-weather hill station, is an important tourism destination in the district.

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Salem, Tamil Nadu
Salem

pronunciation (help·info) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Salem is located in the North Central part of the state, about 340 kilometres (211 mi) southwest of the state capital, Chennai and 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of Karnataka's state capital, Bangalore. Salem is the fifth biggest city in Tamil Nadu in terms of population after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, and Tiruchirappalli respectively. The area of the city is 100 km². It is the fifth Municipal Corporation and Urban agglomeration commissioned in Tamil Nadu after Chennai(year 1919), Madurai(1971), Coimbatore(1981), and Tiruchirappalli(1994) respectively.Salem Corporation consists of 60 wards categorized under 4 Zonal Offices namely Suramangalam Zonal, Hasthampatty Zonal, Ammapet Zonal, Kondalampatty Zonal.
Salem is a part of Western Tamil Nadu and is located at the base of the popular tourist destination of Yercaud hills. There are also remote sites of beauty such as Kiliyur falls and Kavery peak.

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Sathyamangalam
Sathyamangalam (also known as Sathy) is a small city and taluk in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies on both banks of the Bhavani River, a tributary of the Kaveri in the foothills of the Western Ghats. It is about 70 km from Coimbatore city. Sathyamangalam was formerly part of Coimbatore District, but became part of Erode District when the district was constituted in 1979.
The Bannari Amman Temple, dedicated to the goddess Bannari Mariamman, is located in Bannari, 12 km from Sathyamangalam town. The temple draws huge crowds during the annual festival and throughout the year from various cities and states.
A portion of the Sathyamangalam forests was declared as sanctuary in 2008.
Sathyamangalam is also the name of a Reserve Forest under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1973. It is contiguous with the Biligirirangan Temple Wildlife Sanctuary to the north in neighbouring Chamarajanagar District of Karnataka, and together forms a vital corridor for faunal movements, mainly elephants. Elephant movements in this corridor were the subject of one of the first studies on the Asian Elephant by the Indian elephant scientist R. Sukumar in early 1980s. The Sathyamangalam elephants were also the subject of Indian elephant expert Vivek Menon's book Tusker: The Story of the Asian Elephant.

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Sattur
Sattur is a town in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The district has 8 taluks, namely Aruppukkottai, Kariapatti, Rajapalayam, Sattur, Sivakasi, Srivilliputur, Tiruchuli and Virudhunagar.In 1937 elections Former chief minister of Tamil Nadu K.Kamaraj had first won unopposed as a M.L.A in SATTUR constituency in the party Indian National Congress.
The town is located in the bank of Vaippar river. Sattur taluk has contents of black soil around the town, suitable for crop cultivation. The town lies in NH 7 and has very good road and railway connectivity.
Sattur is located at 9°22′N 77°56′E / 9.37°N 77.93°E. It has an average elevation of 56 metres (183 feet). Sattur is located between two rivers Vaippar and Uppodai. Has good amenities such as banks, railway station, police station, government hospital, post office, ATM, Schools, College, Bus station, etc.
Shiva and Vishnu temples in Sattur find histiorical mention. Around Sattur, Irukangudi and Oodaipatti have temples of Mariamman and Vinayagar respectively. The town has very old Masjid and Eid-Ka Ground (Kattu Pallivasal)which has historical values where Muslims do their festival prayers.

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Sirkazhi
ȚȚȚ
Sirkazhi (Tamil: சீர்காழி), is a city and a municipality in Nagapattinam district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located just 10 km from the Bay of Bengal; 5 km from Kollidam; 20 km from Chidambaram; 250 km from Chennai and 90 km from Pondicherry.
Sirkazhi is located at 11°14′N 79°44′E / 11.23°N 79.73°E. It has an average elevation of 4 m (13 ft).
As of the 2001 India census, Sirkazhi had a population of 32,084. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Sirkazhi has an average literacy rate of 76%, significantly higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 71%. In Sirkazhi, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sirkazhi residents include Hindus, Muslims and Christians. Hindus account almost 93% of the population. Sirkazhi is a multicultural city where people of all backgrounds live in harmony. As such, the crime rate is low in the area.
During the great deluge that submerged the earth, Shiva is said to have carried the 64 arts with him in a raft, in this shrine, hence the name Toniappar, and Tonipuram. Brahma is believed to have worshiped Shiva here, hence the name Bhrammapureeswarar. Bhairavar or Sattainathar (who is said to have quelled the arrogance of Trivikramar, after his having shown his dominance over the three worlds) is worshiped each Friday night.

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Sivaganga district
Sivaganga District (Tamil: சிவகங்கை மாவட்டம்) is an administrative district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Sivaganga is the district headquarters. It is bounded by Pudukkottai district on the Northeast, Tiruchirapalli district on the North, Ramanathapuram district on South East, Virudhunagar district on South West and Madurai District on the West.
Sivaganga District has been carved out from composite Ramnad District as per G.O. MS. No. 1122 Rev. Dept. Dated. 6.7.84 and the District was functioning from 15.3.85 as per G.O Ms.No. 346 Rev. dept. Dated: 8.3.85.
According to the 2011 census Sivaganga district has a population of 1,341,250, roughly equal to the nation of Swaziland or the US state of Maine. This gives it a ranking of 360th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 324 inhabitants per square kilometre (840 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.09 %. Sivaganga has a sex ratio of 1000 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.46 %.

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Sivagangai district
Sivaganga District (Tamil: சிவகங்கை மாவட்டம்) is an administrative district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Sivaganga is the district headquarters. It is bounded by Pudukkottai district on the Northeast, Tiruchirapalli district on the North, Ramanathapuram district on South East, Virudhunagar district on South West and Madurai District on the West.
Sivaganga District has been carved out from composite Ramnad District as per G.O. MS. No. 1122 Rev. Dept. Dated. 6.7.84 and the District was functioning from 15.3.85 as per G.O Ms.No. 346 Rev. dept. Dated: 8.3.85.
According to the 2011 census Sivaganga district has a population of 1,341,250, roughly equal to the nation of Swaziland or the US state of Maine. This gives it a ranking of 360th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 324 inhabitants per square kilometre (840 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.09 %. Sivaganga has a sex ratio of 1000 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.46 %.

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Sivakasi
Sivakasi (Tamil: சிவகாசி ) is an active town and a municipality in Virudhunagar District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the capital of India’s firecracker industry with about 8,000 factories, big and small, producing 90 percent of the total fireworks output. Looking at the activeness of the people, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India nicknamed Sivakasi as "Kutti Japan" which means "Little Japan".
There are almost 400 manufacturers based in the city. Beside fireworks factories, there are many printing presses with in-house studios and artists, which produce a variety of colourful posters and calendar art.
In the 2001 Indian census, Sivakasi had a population of 72,170. Males constitute 51.76% of the population and females 48.24%. Sivakasi has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 72%. In Sivakasi, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Sivakasi is more than 600 years old. Between 1428 and 1460 AD, King Harikesari Parakkirama Pandian ruled the southern region of Madurai. He wanted to construct a temple for Lord Shiva at Tenkasi; so he went to Kasi (now Varanasi) and brought away a lingam. While returning to his palace with the prized lingam, he took rest under a grove of vilva trees, which are favored by Shiva. When the cow carrying the lingam refused to move from that point, the king realized that the wishes of Lord Shiva were different from his own, and placed the lingam in the place where the cow had halted. That place, sanctified by the "shivalingam brought from Kasi", came to be called Sivakasi.

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Srinagar
Srinagar /sriˈnɑːɡər/ (

Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the summer capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in the Kashmir Valley and lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. The city is famous for its gardens, lakes and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dry fruits.
Etymologically Srinagar is composed of two Sanskrit words, śrī (venerable) and nagar, which means "city". One theory of the origin of the name is that a Pandava King Ashoka (not to be confused with the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka) built the city of Srinagari (Srinagar). Another theory is that Mauryan Emperor Ashoka founded the original city of Srinagar, then situated on the site of the present village of Pandrathan, 5 km to the north of the existing capital.
Srinagar has a long history, dating back at least to the 3rd century BC, and has been known by different names. The city was founded by the King Pravarasena II over 2,000 years ago, named it Parvasenpur. The city was then a part of the Maurya Empire, one of the largest empires of the Indian subcontinent. Ashoka introduced Buddhism to the Kashmir valley, and the adjoining regions around the city became a centre of Buddhism. In the 1st century, the region was under the control of Kushans and several rulers of this dynasty strengthened the Buddhist tradition. Vikramaditya (of Ujjain) and his successors probably ruled the regions just before the city fell to the control of the Huns in the 6th century, and Mihirkula was the most dreaded ruler of the city and the valley.

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Tambaram

Tambaram (Tamil: தாம்பரம்) is a suburb of Chennai situated 27 km south of the city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is an urban node. Tambaram is a hub to all major destinations in south Tamil Nadu as it lies on the busy Chennai–Trichy national highway. The highway and the railway line from Chennai Egmore to Kanyakumari divide the town into East Tambaram and West Tambaram. The Chennai suburban railway network operates a suburban railway service from Chennai Beach to Tambaram. Southern railways is also planning to make Tambaram railway station as the third major terminal after Chennai Central and Egmore.
Tambaram is considered to be a satellite town as it caters to the needs of various suburbs like Padappai, Selaiyur, Agaram, Madambakkam, Mudichur and Mannivakkam. Tambaram is geographically divided into West, East and Tambaram Sanatorium. East Tambaram is well known for its many educational institutions. The prominent among them is the Madras Christian College.
Originally an entrenchment camp for the erstwhile East India Company in the late 17th century during the Carnatic wars, Tambaram has its origins in a village of the same name which lay on the outskirts of Chennai city. There are many explanations for the origins of the name. The most widely held theory is that an ancient Temple here was called as Tamburamana Gunaseela Nallur which phonetically slurred to Tambaram. In 1936-1937, the Madras Christian College campus was moved to Tambaram heralding development and accelerating the process of inclusion of Tambaram in Madras city.

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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] (

listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Theni
Theni

pronunciation (help·info) is a town in the Western Tamil Nadu state of South India. It is the headquarters of Theni District. It is known for the large-scale trading of Cardamom, Cotton, Grapes, Chilli and Textiles. It hosts the second largest weekly market in Tamil Nadu and the fourth largest in South India. It is well-connected by rail and road to Madurai and by road to all the important cities in Tamil Nadu. The nearest airport is at Madurai.
Theni district is surrounded by the Western Ghats. The main occupation of people of Theni is agriculture. The Vaigai River flows through this district. Other important rivers include the Mullaiperiyar, Suruliyaru, Varaganadi, Kottakkudiyaru, and Manjalaru rivers.
Theni has a historic background during the 19th century. There were many antagonists against British rule like Marutha Nayagam.
The famous Saneeswaran (God of Saturn) temple is located in the Kucchanur Village.It is a Suyambhu statue and Pathirakaliyamman Temple, Pathirakalipuram.
Theni district is rich in flora and fauna. Many dams have been constructed on the rivers, including Vaigai Dam, Sothupparai Dam, Manjalaru Dam, and Meghamalai Dam. Several famous waterfalls are here: Suruli Falls, Kumbakarai Falls and Meghamalai Falls. Theni is surrounded by many tourist attractions like Kodaikannal, Thekkady, Meghamalai, Munnar, Kumbakkarai, Sothuppaarai and Vaigai dam. Because Theni's scenic environment, it is one of the most favoured shooting spots of the Tamil film industry. Thekkady wildlife sanctuary is a nearby attraction which lays in the border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. There is a temple where Kannaki (historic character) was believed to be turned statue.

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Theni district
Theni District (Tamil: தேனி மாவட்டம்) is a district of Tamil Nadu state in South India. The city of Theni is the district headquarters. The district is divided into two natural divisions: The hilly areas constituted by parts of the three taluks Periyakulam, Uthamapalayam and Andipatti with thick vegetation and perennial streams from the hills on the western side and Cumbum valley which lies in Uthamapalayam taluk.
Theni District was formed by the bifurcation from erstwhile Madurai District as per G.O. Ms. No. 679 Revenue Department Dated July 7, 1996. Consequent to the bifurcation, one new Revenue Division with headquarters at Uthamapalayam and two new Taluks at Theni and Bodinayakanur were also created with effect from January 1, 1997. Theni Municipal town was only a firka headquarters until December 31, 1996. Consequent to the formation of the new District, Theni Municipal Town was upgraded as the Taluk and District headquarters on January 1, 1997.
The region covered by present day Theni District was scarcely populated before 1900s. In 1886 Mullaperiyar dam project brings some part of water from Periyaar River downhill to Cumbum Valley and merge into Mullai river. This project helped more people to settle down in Cumbum Valley. Also to be noted that Theni is itself a small and less-known town by 1900s. After the Mulllai-Periyaar merger project lots of people from nearby dry arid regions (Sivakasi, Kovilpatti, Virudhunagar, Sattur and several nearby towns) settled in Cumbum-Valley (present day Theni District). So there was influx of people by 1890s to 1920s. Bodi and Allinagaram are famous places at that age. Later Theni developed in rapid pace due to lots of business activities.

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Thiruparankundram
Thiruparankundram is a panchayat town in Madurai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This Panchayat has been added to the Madurai Corporation and the first local body election for Corporation was held on 18th Oct 2011.
As of 2001 India census, Thirupparakundram had a population of 39,009. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Thirupparangundram has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 70%. In Thiruparankundram, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Thiruparankundaram is 5 km south west of Madurai.Its a pilgrimage center.
There is full fledged bus stand which connects Thirupparangkundram with almost all parts of the city and with adjacent villages.Frequent bus services are available from in and around Madurai. Route Nos. 5,14, 22,48, 49 and 52 from Periyar bus stand and Mattuthavani Bus stand covers Tiruparankundram. Also Mofussil buses heading towards Kanyakumari, Nagercoil, Tirunelveli crosses here which seldom stops.

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Thiruthangal
Thiruthangal is a panchayat town in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thiruthangal Nindra Narayana Perumal Temple is also one among the 108 Divya Desams, Vishnu temples reverred by saint poets, Alwars of 6th-9th century. It is 2 kilometres away from the industrial town of sivakasi known for its printing, match-works and fireworks industries. Thiruthangal is well connected by bus and train and can reached by air via Madurai.
[1] Sivakasi Town Photo Gallery
As of 2001 India census, Thiruthangal had a population of 49,142. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Thiruthangal has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 58%. In Thiruthangal, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Thiruthangal is once a part of Sivakasi among the largest exporter of fire crackers all over the country and abroad, and it is also famous for the hardworking of people. Historical Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru called "Kutti Japan.". It also has Granite quarries namely Standard Granites and PRP Granites.

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Thiruthani
Tiruthani Murugan temple is a Hindu temple, in the hill of Thiruttani, South India, dedicated to Lord Muruga. The hill has 365 steps indicating 365 days of the year.It is one of the Arupadaiveedu, the six holy abodes of Lord Muruga. The other five are: Palani (100 km west of Madurai), Swamimalai (150 km east of Madurai), Tirupparangunram (5 km from Madurai), Pazhamudircholai (10 km north of Madurai) and Thiruchendur (100 km south of Madurai).
The origins of this temple, like most Hindu temples, are buried in antiquity. This temple has been mentioned in the Sangam period work Tirumurugaatruppadai composed by Nakkeerar. It has been patronized by the Vijayanagar rulers and local chieftains and zamindars.
Legend also has it that Indra the king of the Gods gave his daughter Deivayanai in marriage to Skanda, and along with her presented his elephant Airavatam as part of his dowry offering. Upon Airavatam's departure Indra found his wealth waning. Subramanyar is said to have offered to return the white elephant, however Indra bound by protocol refused to accept a gift that he had made, and insisted that the elephant face his direction, hence the image of the elephant in this temple also faces the east.

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Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,^{[needs IPA]}known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey

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Thiruverkadu
Tiruverkadu (or Thiruverkadu) (literally meaning A forest of holy herbs and roots) is a western suburb of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. However, it comes under Thiruvallur district administration. It is famous for its Devi Karumariamman Temple. Nearby towns include Poonamallee, Avadi, Ambattur and Koyambedu.
There is also a Shiva Temple in Thiruverkadu, where Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathi are seen in their wedding pose inside the sanctum sanctorum.
As of 2001 India census, Tiruverkadu had a population of 30,734. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Tiruverkadu has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 61%. In Tiruverkadu, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 13°04′10″N 80°07′27″E / 13.069529°N 80.12423°E

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Thoothukudi
Thoothukudi, also known as Tuticorin, is a port city and a Municipal Corporation in Thoothukudi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thoothukudi is the headquarters of Thoothukudi District.
Thoothukudi is also known as "Pearl City". It is a commercial seaport which serves the inland cities of Southern India and is one of the sea gateways of Tamil Nadu. It is also one of the major seaports in India with a history dating back to the 6th century AD. It is located about 190 kilometres (118 mi) northeast of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) and 590 kilometres (367 mi) south of Chennai.
Thoothukudi is part of the Pearl Fishery Coast, and is known for its pearl fishing and shipbuilding industries. Freedom fighter Vanchinathan killed the then Tirunelveli District Collector Ash during the freedom struggle in Maniyachi. To honour him, Maniyachi Railway station is called Vanchi Maniyachi Junction.
The major harbour of Thoothukudi is well known as a pearl diving and fishing centre. It is one of the oldest seaports in the world and was the seaport of the Pandyan kingdom after Korkai, near Palayakayal. It was later taken over by the Portuguese in 1548, captured by the Dutch in 1658, and ceded to the British in 1825. The lighthouse built in 1842 marked the beginning of the history of harbour development in the city. Thoothukudi was established as a Municipality in 1866 with Roche Victoria as its first chairman. It attained the status of Corporation on August 5, 2008 after 142 years of being a municipality.

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Thuvakudi
Thuvakudi (Tamil: துவாக்குடி) is a 3rd Grade Municipality in Tiruchirappalli City in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is approximately 335 km from the nearest cosmopolis — Chennai (formerly Madras). It lies along National Highway 67, which runs from Tiruchirapalli to Tanjore.
Some of the landmarks in Thuvakudi are:
As of 2001 India census, Thuvakudi had a population of 21,460. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Thuvakudi has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: In Thuvakudi, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Constitution
Thuvakudi Selection Grade Town Panchayat is upgraded as 3rd Grade Municipality in G.O. M.S.No. 277 Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department dated 5.7.2004. In this Third grade municipality has an extent of 14.371sq.km.
About Municipality This town is located on the main road of Tiruchirappali - Thanjavur highways at a distance of 25 km from Tiruchirappali and 30 km from Thanjavur. The population of the town as per 2001 census is 35,428. Total No. of Wards is 21, in which 7 Wards are reserved for women and 2 Wards for SC/ST.

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Tiruchirapalli
Tiruchirappalli ((tiruccirāppaḷḷi)

pronunciation (help·info)) (spelt as Trichinopoly in the records of British India), also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. It is the fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu and also the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state.
The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Early Cholas, Early Pandyas, Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Delhi Sultanate, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur which served as the capital of the Early Cholas is a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. Tiruchirappalli played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars between the British and the French East India companies. The city has a number of historical monuments, the Rockfort, Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval being the most prominent among them.

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Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli ((tiruccirāppaḷḷi)

pronunciation (help·info)) (spelt as Trichinopoly in the records of British India), also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. It is the fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu and also the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state.
The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Early Cholas, Early Pandyas, Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Delhi Sultanate, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur which served as the capital of the Early Cholas is a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. Tiruchirappalli played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars between the British and the French East India companies. The city has a number of historical monuments, the Rockfort, Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval being the most prominent among them.

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Tirunelveli
Tirunelveli (

pronunciation (help·info)), also known as Nellai, and historically (during British rule) as Tinnevelly, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Tirunelveli District in Tamil Nadu. It is situated 700 kilometres (435 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai.
Tirunelveli is an ancient city and is home to many temples and shrines, including the largest Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, the Nellaiappar Temple. It is located on the western side of the perennial Thamirabarani river, whereas its twin municipal city Palayamkottai, is located on the eastern side.
The history of Tirunelveli was researched by Robert Caldwell, one of the Christian missionaries who visited the area in the nineteenth century for the purpose of both promoting their religious beliefs and educating the people.
Tirunelveli had been under the prominence of the Pandya kings, serving as their secondary capital while Madurai remained its primary capital. It was an important city of the Chola kingdom (c.900–1200) and of the Vijayanagar empire. The city was the chief commercial town in the period of Arcot Nawabs and Nayaks. They were among the various ruling dynasties of Tamil Nadu. In fact, they called the city "Nellai Cheemai", with cheemai meaning a developed foreign town. It was the Nayaks who, in 1781, granted its revenues and local administration to the British. In 1801, it was annexed by the British, who governed it until India achieved independence in 1947.

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Tirunelveli district
Tirunelveli District (Tamil: திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டம்) is a district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Tirunelveli is the district headquarters. A unique feature of this district is that it encompasses all five geographical traditions of Tamil Literature; kurinji (mountains), mullai (forest), marudham (paddy fields), neithal (coastal) and palai (desert). Tirunelveli District was formed on September 1, 1790 by the East India Company (on behalf of the British government), and comprised the present Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts and parts of Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram districts. It is the second-largest district (as of October 2008), after Villupuram district.
The founding date of Tirunelveli District is commemorated as Tirunelveli Day. The British East India Company named it Tinnevelly district; its headquarters was first located in Palayamkottai (an adjacent city), where it had its military headquarters during its operations against the Palayakars. There are three reasons attributed for naming the district Tirunelveli. The primary reason is after the largest city of the district; another reason is that it was called Tirunelveli Seemai under the Nayaks and Nawabs. Finally, it served as the southern capital during the Pandyan Empire. Both Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai grew as twin cities in the district.

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Tiruppur
Tirupur (Tiruppur, [t̪ɪɾɨppuːr]) pronounced as

Tirupur (help·info) is a textile city located on the banks of Noyyal River. It is also called Dollar city.^{[citation needed]} It is the administrative headquarters of the Tiruppur district. It forms a part of the ancient Kongu Nadu region of South India, where its people were the first to establish territorial state. Tirupur is a textile hub and a vast generator of employment for unskilled temporary workers.^{[citation needed]}
Tiruppur was constituted as Municipality during the year 1947. It was upgraded as Special Grade Municipality during 1983 and upgrades as Corporation from 2008. The total area of the Municipality is 27.19 km² with 52 wards.It is increased to 60 wards from the year 2011 local elections.Total population as per 2011 census is 444,543. The floating population of the town an average 150,000. The population in the Tiruppur urban agglomeration according to 2011 census is 962,982.^{[citation needed]} Tiruppur is the 7th largest city in Tamil Nadu in terms of city population and area after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, Salem and Tirunelveli.

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Tirupur
Tirupur (Tiruppur, [t̪ɪɾɨppuːr]) pronounced as

Tirupur (help·info) is a textile city located on the banks of Noyyal River. It is also called Dollar city.^{[citation needed]} It is the administrative headquarters of the Tiruppur district. It forms a part of the ancient Kongu Nadu region of South India, where its people were the first to establish territorial state. Tirupur is a textile hub and a vast generator of employment for unskilled temporary workers.^{[citation needed]}
Tiruppur was constituted as Municipality during the year 1947. It was upgraded as Special Grade Municipality during 1983 and upgrades as Corporation from 2008. The total area of the Municipality is 27.19 km² with 52 wards.It is increased to 60 wards from the year 2011 local elections.Total population as per 2011 census is 444,543. The floating population of the town an average 150,000. The population in the Tiruppur urban agglomeration according to 2011 census is 962,982.^{[citation needed]} Tiruppur is the 7th largest city in Tamil Nadu in terms of city population and area after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, Salem and Tirunelveli.

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Tiruvallur
Tiruvallur (Tamil: திருவள்ளூர்) is a temple town and Grade I municipality in Tiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the Cooum river about 42 km (26 mi) northwest of the city of Chennai (Madras), the capital city of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Tiruvallur district. This town consists of four revenue villages namely Thiruvallur, Periakuppam, Perumpakkam and Pungathur. The town is divided into 27 wards. It is well known because of the Veera Raghavar temple which is one of the 108 sacred shrines of Vaishnavites. There is a pond nearby this temple, where the tank festival is held. There is a Siva temple near this shrine which is also quite popular among the locals. There is also a 40 feet tall Viswaroopa Panchamukha Hanuman temple, where the murti is made of a single green granite stone. Poondi reservoir from where drinking water is drawn to Chennai city is at about 9 km (5.6 mi) from this town.

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Tiruvarur district
Tiruvarur district (Tamil: திருவாரூர் மாவட்டம்) is one of the 30 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. The district occupies an area of 2161 km². It is lies between Nagapattinam district on the east and Thanjavur District on the west, and is bounded by the Palk Strait on the south. The district headquarters is at Tiruvarur town.
According to the 2011 census Tiruvarur district has a population of 1,268,094 , roughly equal to the nation of Estonia or the US state of New Hampshire. This gives it a ranking of 382nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 533 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,380 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 8.43 %. Thiruvarur has a sex ratio of 1020 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 83.26 %.
It was 20.29% urbanised in 2001.
The Tiruvarur district, along with the Nagapattinam district was part of the Thanjavur District before 1991. After that, the present Taluks of Tiruvarur district and Nagapattinam district were separated from the Thanjavur District, and formed the Nagapattinam district. The present Tiruvarur district was formed in 1997 by trifurcating the then Thanjavur District. Major towns are Thiruvarur, Thiruthuraipoondi, Nachikulam, Muthupettai, Mannargudi.

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Tuticorin
Thoothukudi, also known as Tuticorin, is a port city and a Municipal Corporation in Thoothukudi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thoothukudi is the headquarters of Thoothukudi District.
Thoothukudi is also known as "Pearl City". It is a commercial seaport which serves the inland cities of Southern India and is one of the sea gateways of Tamil Nadu. It is also one of the major seaports in India with a history dating back to the 6th century AD. It is located about 190 kilometres (118 mi) northeast of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) and 590 kilometres (367 mi) south of Chennai.
Thoothukudi is part of the Pearl Fishery Coast, and is known for its pearl fishing and shipbuilding industries. Freedom fighter Vanchinathan killed the then Tirunelveli District Collector Ash during the freedom struggle in Maniyachi. To honour him, Maniyachi Railway station is called Vanchi Maniyachi Junction.
The major harbour of Thoothukudi is well known as a pearl diving and fishing centre. It is one of the oldest seaports in the world and was the seaport of the Pandyan kingdom after Korkai, near Palayakayal. It was later taken over by the Portuguese in 1548, captured by the Dutch in 1658, and ceded to the British in 1825. The lighthouse built in 1842 marked the beginning of the history of harbour development in the city. Thoothukudi was established as a Municipality in 1866 with Roche Victoria as its first chairman. It attained the status of Corporation on August 5, 2008 after 142 years of being a municipality.

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Udhagamandalam
Ootacamund (Tamil: ஊடகாமுந்த்)

listen (help·info) (officially, Udhagamandalam Tamil: உதகமண்டலம் sometimes abbreviated to Udhagai Tamil: உதகை or Ooty

listen (help·info)), is a town, a municipality and the district capital of the Nilgiris district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Ootacamund is a popular hill station located in the Nilgiri Hills. Originally occupied by the Todas, the area came under the rule of the East India Company at the end of the 18th century. Today the town's economy is based on tourism and agriculture, with manufacturing of medicines and photographic film also present. The town is connected to the rest of India by road and rail, and its historic sites and natural beauty attract tourists.
The origin of the name Udhagamandalam is obscure. The first mention of the place occurs in a letter of March 1821 to the Madras Gazette by an unknown correspondent as Wotokymund. In early times it was called OttaikalMandu "mund" is the Tamil word for a Toda village, and the first part is probably a corruption of the local name for the central region of the Nilgiri Plateau. Another likely origin of the stem of the name (Ootaca) comes from the local language where Otha-Cal literally means Single Stone. This is perhaps a reference to a sacred stone revered by the local Toda people. The name probably changed under British rule from Udhagamandalam to Ootacamund, later shortened to Ooty.

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Vadipatti
Vadipatti (Tamil: வாடிப்பட்டி) is a panchayat town in the Madurai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of a 2001 Indian census, Vadipatti had a population of 21,780. Males and females each constitute 50% of the population. Vadipatti has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 61%. In Vadipatti, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. There is a bifurcated river of Vaigai (aka Mullai Periyaru Irrigational Channel) runs south of this small township. Its paddy field and plantain field are source for the people who live around this place. There is a famous village near to this place called Kulasekaran Kottai, where Kulasekara Pandian Pandian of Pandya Dynasty had his palace and Meenakshi temple constructed here by him still exist. Ponnaiah malai also located in this town. This small town celebrates no. of festivals, including Bull fight during the month of October before Pongal festival. Near bus stand, the main village of L Pudur located. There is a falls near the town named "Kutladampatti Aruvi",chockalingapuram and katchaikatti also notable place to visit. You can reach "Kutladampatti Aruvi" through semminipatti bus route.

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Vadodara
Vadodara, formerly known as Baroda, is the third largest and most populated city in the Indian State of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. Historical and archaeological findings date this place back to the 9th century when it was a small town called Ankottaka (present Akota) located on the right bank of the river Vishvamitri (whose name is derived from the great saint Rishi Vishwamitra). Ankottaka was a famous centre of Jainism in the 5th and 6th century AD. Some of the Akota bronze images can be seen in the Vadodara Museum. The city was once called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja Chandan of Dor tribe of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had also another name "Virakshetra" or "Virawati" (a land of warriors). Later on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodará, which according to tradition is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means 'in the heart of the banyan tree'. It is now almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived. Again in 1974 the name changed to Vadodara.

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Vaigai
The Vaigai is a river in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state of southern India. It originates in the Periyar Plateau of the Western Ghats range, and flows northeast through the Kambam Valley, which lies between the Palni Hills to the north and the Varushanad Hills to the south. The Vattaparai Falls are located on this river. As it rounds the eastern corner of the Varushanad Hills, the river turns southeast, running through the region of Pandya Nadu. Madurai, the largest city in the Pandya Nadu region and its ancient capital, lies on the Vaigai. The river empties into the Palk Strait in Ramanathapuram District.
The Vaigai is 258 kilometres (160 mi) long, with a drainage basin 7,031 square kilometres (2,715 sq mi) large.
The following story is told about the birth of the river Vaigai. Meenakshi, the daughter of a Pandyan king, was an incarnation of Parvati. From a very young age, she made up her mind to marry Lord Shiva and none else. Her family was initially against this but eventually consented to her wish and arranged the wedding. Sundareswara (Siva), being an ascetic, came to the wedding without any family or relatives accompanying him. Disappointed at this, the Pandyan king angrily showed Siva the huge amount of food prepared for the bridegroom's relatives. Siva pointed to a friend he had brought with him saying 'He will consume all the food that you've made'. This friend was a Rakshasa named Kundodhara. After Kundodhara finished all the food that was prepared, He became very thirsty and started asking for water. All the wells and canals in Madurai were not sufficient to quench his thirst. Then, Siva asked Kundodhara to put his hand out and opened a small part of his hair lock and Ganga began to flow into his hand. After quenching his thirst, The rest of the waters began flowing in Madurai as the Vaigai river. Vaigai means 'put your hand out' in Tamil.

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Vaigai river
The Vaigai is a river in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state of southern India. It originates in the Periyar Plateau of the Western Ghats range, and flows northeast through the Kambam Valley, which lies between the Palni Hills to the north and the Varushanad Hills to the south. The Vattaparai Falls are located on this river. As it rounds the eastern corner of the Varushanad Hills, the river turns southeast, running through the region of Pandya Nadu. Madurai, the largest city in the Pandya Nadu region and its ancient capital, lies on the Vaigai. The river empties into the Palk Strait in Ramanathapuram District.
The Vaigai is 258 kilometres (160 mi) long, with a drainage basin 7,031 square kilometres (2,715 sq mi) large.
The following story is told about the birth of the river Vaigai. Meenakshi, the daughter of a Pandyan king, was an incarnation of Parvati. From a very young age, she made up her mind to marry Lord Shiva and none else. Her family was initially against this but eventually consented to her wish and arranged the wedding. Sundareswara (Siva), being an ascetic, came to the wedding without any family or relatives accompanying him. Disappointed at this, the Pandyan king angrily showed Siva the huge amount of food prepared for the bridegroom's relatives. Siva pointed to a friend he had brought with him saying 'He will consume all the food that you've made'. This friend was a Rakshasa named Kundodhara. After Kundodhara finished all the food that was prepared, He became very thirsty and started asking for water. All the wells and canals in Madurai were not sufficient to quench his thirst. Then, Siva asked Kundodhara to put his hand out and opened a small part of his hair lock and Ganga began to flow into his hand. After quenching his thirst, The rest of the waters began flowing in Madurai as the Vaigai river. Vaigai means 'put your hand out' in Tamil.

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Varanasi
Varanasi Hindustani pronunciation: [ʋaːˈraːɳəsi] (

listen)), also commonly known as Banaras or Benaras (Banāras [bəˈnaːrəs] (

listen)) and Kashi, Kāśī [ˈkaːʃi] (

listen)), is a city situated on the banks of the River Ganges in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, 320 kilometres (199 mi) southeast of state capital Lucknow. It is regarded as a holy city by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the oldest in India.
The Kashi Naresh (Maharaja of Kashi) is the chief cultural patron of Varanasi and an essential part of all religious celebrations. The culture of Varanasi is closely associated with the River Ganges and the river's religious importance. The city has been a cultural and religious centre in North India for several thousand years. The Benares Gharana form of the Indian classical music developed in Varanasi, and many prominent Indian philosophers, poets, writers, and musicians resided or reside in Varanasi. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath located near Varanasi (Kashi).

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Vellore district
Vellore district (Tamil: வேலூர் மாவட்டம்) is one of the 32 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. Vellore City is the headquarters of this district. It had a population of 3,477,317 as of 2001. It is 37.62% urbanised. [1] The district has a literacy of 73.06%, slightly below the state average.
As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Tamil Nadu (out of 32), after Chennai and Kanchipuram.
Vellore had been under the control of Cholas of Uraiyur, Pallavas, Rashtrakutas of Malkhed, Sambuvarayar,who lived in the territory of Melakadambur which denoted in Ponniyin selvan the rulers of Vijayanagaram, Marathas, the Nawabs of the Carnatic and the British. The Vellore fort, which was probably built during the rule of Chinna Bommi Nayak (1526 to 1595 A.D.), was considered to be a strong fort during the Carnatic war in the 17th Century. The district finds an important place in the Indian freedom struggle. The Sepoy Mutiny of 1806 that took place inside the Vellore fort was seen as a prelude to the Revolt of 1857.

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Vijayawada
Vijayawada (

pronunciation (help·info)) is the biggest city of the Krishna District and the third largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, after Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, with an area of 61.88 km². The city has a population of 1,048,240 (2011 Census), while the population of the metropolitan area is 1,491,202. The name Vijayawada, meaning "Land of Victory" is derived from the presiding deity, Kanaka Durga, also called Vijaya. The city is also popularly known by its historic name Bezawada, which is also used by the Indian Railways in assigning its railway station code "BZA".
The city originated along the southern bank of the river Krishna, with hills on its northern bank. By 1855 AD, it took shape as small settlement on the eastern side of the Indrakiladri hills. The city has been ruled by different dynasties from time to time, including the Chalukyas of Kalyan and the great ruler Krishna Deva Raya.
The city experienced modest socio-economic growth in pre-independence India. As the commercial capital of Andhra Pradesh, the city is politically active, sociologically dominant, agriculturally rich, and is an industrial transportation hub.

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Visakhapatnam
Visakhapatnam (

pronunciation (help·info)) (also known as Vizag) is a port city on the southeast coast of India. With a population of 1,435,099, it is the second-largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh (after Hyderabad) and the third-largest city on the east coast (after Chennai and Kolkata). Visakhapatnam is located 625 kilometres (388 mi) east of the state capital, Hyderabad. The city is home to several state-owned heavy industries and a steel plant; it is one of India's largest seaports and has the country's oldest shipyard. Visakhapatnam has the only natural harbour on the east coast of India.
The city was named after Visakha, the Hindu god of valor. It is nestled among the hills of the Eastern Ghats and faces the Bay of Bengal on the east. Visakhapatnam is the administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam district and headquarters of the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. Visakhapatnam has a nickname The City of Destiny and, more recently, the Goa of the East Coast. Like its west-coast counterpart it offers attractive beaches, laterite hillocks and a pleasing landscape. It is also a focus of urban and tourist development.

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Walajapet
Walajapet (Tamil: வாலாஜாபேட்டை) is a suburb of vellore and part of Vellore district in the state of Tamil Nadu. The streets in the town forms square shape which is unique feature of the town. It will be easy for you to reach any part of the town with this kind of infra structure. The streets are wide and nicely structured.
It is strategically located on the Palar River on the route between Chennai (Madras) and Bangalore. By bus, this locality can be reached in about 30 minutes from Vellore city and in about 2.5 hours from Chennai. It is well connected both by road and railways. Walajah Road railway station is located about 4.5 km from the town, lying between Arakkonam and Vellore Katpadi Junction on the important railway route connecting Chennai to Coimbatore,KERALA and Bangalore.It was the station connecting Arakkonam and Vellore Katpadi Junction, the first rail route in Tamil Nadu.
This town, located in the Vellore district, is considered to be the First Municipality and Taluk of Tamil Nadu, believed to have been formed in 1866. Former President and prominent Indian philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) and noted Tamil scholar Mu. Varadarasanar affectionately called "Mu. Va" were among those studied in the Government Higher Secondary School of Walajapet that celebrated its centenary a decade ago.

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Madurai
— City —
View of Madurai
Nickname(s): Athens of the East
Madurai
Coordinates: 9°55′11″N 78°07′10″E / 9.919662°N 78.119393°E / 9.919662; 78.119393Coordinates: 9°55′11″N 78°07′10″E / 9.919662°N 78.119393°E / 9.919662; 78.119393
Country	India
State	Tamil Nadu
District	Madurai district
Government
• Mayor	V. V. Rajan Chellappa
Area
• City	248 km² (96 sq mi)
Elevation	101 m (331 ft)
Population (2011)
• City	1,561,000
• Density	6,300/km² (16,000/sq mi)
• Metro^[1]	2,062,420
	^[2]
Languages
• Official	Tamil
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	625 0xx
Telephone code	452
Vehicle registration	TN-58, TN-59 and TN-64
Website	www.maduraicorporation.in

Climate data for Madurai, India
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	30 (86)	31 (88)	33 (91)	34 (93)	34 (93)	32 (90)	32 (90)	32 (90)	32 (90)	31 (88)	30 (86)	29 (84)	32 (90)
Average low °C (°F)	22 (72)	22 (72)	24 (75)	26 (79)	26 (79)	25 (77)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	24 (75)
Precipitation mm (inches)	16 (0.63)	19 (0.75)	22 (0.87)	63 (2.48)	54 (2.13)	87 (3.43)	130 (5.12)	140 (5.51)	111 (4.37)	192 (7.56)	141 (5.55)	71 (2.8)	1,046 (41.18)
Avg. precipitation days	1	1	2	3	3	2	3	4	5	8	7	4	43
Source: World Climate Guide ^[22]

Historical populations
Year	Pop.	±%
1871	51,987	—
1881	73,807	+42.0%
1891	87,428	+18.5%
1901	105,984	+21.2%
1911	134,130	+26.6%
1921	138,894	+3.6%
1931	182,018	+31.0%
1941	239,744	+31.7%
1951	361,781	+50.9%
1961	424,810	+17.4%
1971	549,114	+29.3%
1981	820,891	+49.5%
1991	940,989	+14.6%
2001	928,869	−1.3%
2011	1,016,885	+9.5%
Source: 1871 - 1901:^[24] 1911 - 1981:^[25] 1991:^[26]

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