- published: 16 Mar 2012
- views: 11002
- author: TheMoodRocks
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- Addingham, Cumbria
- Aikton
- Ainstable
- Allerdale
- Allhallows, Cumbria
- Allonby
- Alston Moor
- Arlecdon
- Arthuret
- Aspatria
- Bassenthwaite
- Beaumont, Cumbria
- Beckermet
- Bedfordshire
- Berkshire
- Bewcastle
- Blencathra
- Blindbothel
- Board of guardians
- Bolton, Cumbria
- Bootle, Cumbria
- Borrowdale
- Bowness-on-Solway
- Bridekirk
- Brigham, Cumbria
- Bromfield, Cumbria
- Buckinghamshire
- Burgh by Sands
- Buttermere
- Caldbeck
- Cambridgeshire
- Cammerton
- Carleton, Eden
- Carlisle, Cumbria
- Castle Sowerby
- Castlecarrock
- Catterlen
- Chapelry
- Chapman code
- Cheshire
- Cheviot Hills
- Cholera
- City of Carlisle
- Cleator
- Coat of arms
- Cockermouth
- Copeland, Cumbria
- Corney
- Cornwall
- Counties of England
- County borough
- County council
- County Durham
- County flower
- County of London
- County town
- Croglin
- Crosby-on-Eden
- Crosscanonby
- Cumberland
- Cumberland (ward)
- Cumberland sausages
- Cumbria
- Cumrew
- Cumwhitton
- Dacre, Cumbria
- Dalston, Cumbria
- David I of Scotland
- Dean, Cumbria
- Dearham
- Derbyshire
- Devon
- Diocese of Carlisle
- Domesday Book
- Dorset
- Drigg
- Dumfriesshire
- Eaglesfield
- Eamont Bridge
- Earl of Northumbria
- East Suffolk
- East Sussex
- Eden, Cumbria
- Edenhall
- Edmund I of England
- Egremont, Cumbria
- Embleton, Cumbria
- England and Wales
- Ennerdale Bridge
- Essex
- Farlam
- Flimby
- Furness
- Gamblesby
- Garrigill
- Gilcrux
- Glassonby
- Gloucestershire
- Gosforth, Cumbria
- Great Salkeld
- Greysouthen
- Greystoke
- Grinsdale
- Haile, Cumbria
- Hampshire
- Harrington, Cumbria
- Hayton, Cumbria
- Helvellyn
- Henry I of England
- Henry II of England
- Herefordshire
- Hertfordshire
- Hesket, Cumbria
- Hethersgill
- High Sheriff
- HMS Cumberland (F85)
- HMSO
- Hundred (division)
- Hunsonby
- Huntingdonshire
- Hutton in the Forest
- Hutton John
- Hutton Roof, Eden
- Hutton Soil
- Inter alia
- Ireby, Cumbria
- Irish Sea
- Irthington
- Isel, Cumbria
- Isle of Ely
- John Peel
- Kent
- Kesteven
- Keswick, Cumbria
- Kingwater
- Kirkandrews upon Esk
- Kirkbampton
- Kirkbride, Cumbria
- Kirkland, Cumbria
- Kirklinton
- Kirkoswald, Cumbria
- Lamplugh
- Lancashire
- Lanercost
- Langwathby
- Laversdale
- Lazonby
- Leath
- Leicestershire
- Liberty of Durham
- Lincolnshire
- Lindsey
- London
- Longtown
- Lord Lieutenant
- Lorton, Cumbria
- Loweswater, Cumbria
- Matterdale
- Melmerby, Cumbria
- Middlesex
- Millom
- Molly Lefebure
- Moresby, Cumbria
- Mosedale
- Muncaster
- Mungrisdale
- Municipal borough
- Nether Denton
- Newton Reigny
- Nichol Forest
- Norfolk
- North West England
- Northamptonshire
- Northumberland
- Nottinghamshire
- Orton, Carlisle
- Ousby
- Oxfordshire
- Papcastle
- Parnassia palustris
- Pennines
- Penrith, Cumbria
- Plantlife
- Plumbland
- Plumpton, Cumbria
- Ponsonby, Cumbria
- Poor law
- Poor law union
- Quarter Sessions
- Ranulf le Meschin
- Renwick, Cumbria
- River Duddon
- River Eamont
- River Eden, Cumbria
- River Irthing
- River Tees
- Rockcliffe, Cumbria
- Roxburghshire
- Rural district
- Rutland
- Sanitary district
- Scafell Pike
- Scaleby
- Scotland
- Sebergham
- Shropshire
- Skirwith
- Soke of Peterborough
- Solway
- Solway Firth
- Somerset
- St Bees
- Staffield
- Staffordshire
- Stanwix
- Stapleton, Cumbria
- Suffolk
- Surrey
- Sussex
- The Anarchy
- Threlkeld
- Thursby
- Torpenhow
- Treaty of York
- Uldale
- Ullswater
- Unitary authority
- Upper Denton
- Urban district
- W. L. Warren
- Walton, Cumbria
- Ward (politics)
- Warwick, Cumbria
- Warwickshire
- Watermillock
- West Suffolk
- West Sussex
- Westlinton
- Westmorland
- Wetheral
- Whicham
- Whitbeck
- Whitehaven
- Wigton
- William Rufus
- Wiltshire
- Winskill
- Worcestershire
- Workhouse
- Workington
- Wreay
- Wrynose Pass
- Yorkshire
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Abbeytown
Coordinates: 54°50′41″N 3°17′16″W / 54.8447°N 3.2877°W / 54.8447; -3.2877
Abbeytown, also known as Holme Abbey, is a village in Cumbria, England. It was built around the former Cistercian Holmcultram Abbey, the nave of the church of which now serves the parish as St. Mary's Church. On 9 June 2006 the church was set alight in an arson attack which totally devastated the roof of the building, parts of which had been in situ since it was erected 900 years ago, [1] the building has subsequently been fully restored.
The village is located on the main Wigton to Silloth road and has a small range of local amenities including a pub, post office and two small shops.
The buildings in the village mostly date from either the medieval period, especially those associated with the former abbey, the Victorian era, where much of the village was concerned with the railway line to Silloth or more recently when a large number of houses were built at "Friars Garth".
The village is located on the edge of the Solway Coast area of outstanding natural beauty and the Cumbria Coastal Way passes through the village.
wn.com/Abbeytown -
Aikton
Aikton is a small village in the north of the English county of Cumbria. There is a pub, phonebox and postbox; but no shops. The local church, St Andrew's, is over 900 years old, and is one of the oldest in the region. Many houses there have views of the Lake District. The surrounding area is almost entirely farmland, containing cows usually. The nearest town is Wigton, and the nearest city is Carlisle. Aikton is located approximately 15 Kilometres, approximately 9.3 miles, south of the Scottish border. The village pub, the Aikton inn, was constructed in the 18th century and is also used as a Bed and Breakfast facility.
Media related to Aikton at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 54°52′N 3°08′W / 54.867°N 3.133°W / 54.867; -3.133
wn.com/Aikton -
Ainstable
Coordinates: 54°48′00″N 2°43′59″W / 54.800°N 2.733°W / 54.800; -2.733
Ainstable is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Cumbria. The parish stretches from the banks of the River Eden to the summits of the North Pennines where it borders Northumberland and includes the villages of Croglin and Newbiggin as well as the hamlets of Dale, Walmersyke, Ruckcroft and Longdales. Eden Valley Woollen Mill is located in Ainstable itself.
Media related to Ainstable at Wikimedia Commons
wn.com/Ainstable -
Allerdale
Coordinates: 54°38′24″N 3°24′43″W / 54.640°N 3.412°W / 54.640; -3.412
Allerdale is a non-metropolitan district of Cumbria, England, with borough status. Its council is based in Workington and the borough has a population of 93,492 according to the 2001 census.
The Borough of Allerdale was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the municipal borough of Workington, the urban districts of Maryport, Cockermouth and Keswick; and the rural districts of Cockermouth and Wigton, all of which were within the administrative county of Cumberland. In 1995 Allerdale was granted borough status.
The name derives from the ancient region of Allerdale, represented latterly by the two wards of Cumberland, called Allerdale above Derwent and Allerdale below Derwent.
Elections to the borough council are held every 4 years with 56 councillor being elected from 31 wards. No party has had a majority on the council since Labour lost their majority at the 2003 election. As of the 2011 election, and following a by-election, the council is composed of the following councillors:-
wn.com/Allerdale -
Allhallows, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°46′19″N 3°15′40″W / 54.772°N 3.261°W / 54.772; -3.261 Allhallows is a civil parish in the Allerdale district of Cumbria, England. It has a population of 548 (2001 census). The parish includes the hamlets of Baggrow, Harbybrow, Watchhill, and Fletchertown.
Media related to Allhallows, Cumbria at Wikimedia Commons
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Alston Moor
Coordinates: 54°48′43″N 2°26′28″W / 54.812°N 2.441°W / 54.812; -2.441
Alston Moor is an area of moorland and civil parish in Cumbria, England, based around the small town of Alston. The parish had a population of 2,156 at the 2001 census. As well as the town of Alston, the parish includes the villages of Garrigill and Nenthead, along with the hamlets of Nenthall, Nentsberry, Galligill, Blagill, Ashgill, Leadgate, Bayles and Raise. Alston Moor is part of the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), the second largest of the 40 AONBs in England and Wales.
Under the Local Government Act 1894, the parish, then known as Alston with Garrigill, which had previously been a rural sanitary district on its own, became one of the few single-parish rural districts. This remained in existence until 1974 when it became part of the Eden district. The parish is divided into the wards of Alston (which includes Leadgate), Garrgill and Nenthead.
The parish is drained by the River South Tyne whose source is located in the fells above Garrigill and also by the Rivers Nent and Black Burn which along with many other smaller streams flow into the Tyne. The Rivers Tees and Wear also have their sources on the borders of the parish.
wn.com/Alston_Moor -
Arlecdon
Coordinates: 54°33′N 3°29′W / 54.55°N 3.48°W / 54.55; -03.48
Arlecdon is a village in the Borough of Copeland in Cumbria, England, near the town of Whitehaven. It has an historic Grade II listed church, first built in 1829, which contains a stained glass window dedicated to Isaac Fletcher of Frizington. In 1904 the church was remodelled, with the addition of a bell tower. The village also has a 19th century primary school and an old Sunday school.
wn.com/Arlecdon -
Arthuret
Arthuret is a civil parish in the Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,434. The parish includes the small town of Longtown and the village of Easton. It is bounded by the River Esk to the west and the River Lyne to the south.
It was a site of some importance, for it was one of only eight places marked on the first printed map of Scotland made in 1570, produced by Abraham Ortelius. The other sites marked are Carlisle, Kirklinton, Jedburgh, Wark, Coldstream, Norham and Berwick (Logan Mack 1926).
The site of the church overlooks the site of the Battle of Arfderydd, which appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Vita Merlini and also the Annales Cambriae in the year 573. The battle took place very early in the reign of the Christian King of Strathclyde, Rhydderch Hael, (patron of St. Kentigern, and Myrddin's supposed brother-in-law), between the pagan Warlord Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio and his cousins Peredur and Gwrgi, Princes of either Ebrauc (Modern York), or possibly from Gwynedd. In this battle, Gwenddoleu loses his life, and it is not known if one of his brothers, Nudd and Caw, survived to succeed him as king of Arfderydd afterwards.
wn.com/Arthuret -
Aspatria
Coordinates: 54°45′48″N 3°19′41″W / 54.7633°N 3.3281°W / 54.7633; -3.3281
Aspatria is a small town and civil parish in Cumbria, England, and lies half way between Maryport and Wigton, on the A596. Historically within Cumberland, it is about 5 miles (8 km) away from the coast. It is approximately seven miles from the northern boundary of the Lake District, and located to the south east of the Solway Firth. As a result, views from the town stretch from Skiddaw in the Lakes to Scottish fells such as Criffel. It is served by Aspatria railway station. Aspatria is located on the fringe of the English Lake District.
The parish church of St Kentigern was completed in 1848. Fragments of masonry and crosses from earlier structures on the same site are preserved there.
Aspatria is an ancient settlement and seems to have been home to a group of Norsemen who fled to the area from Ireland around 900. In 1789, a local doctor excavated the grave of a Viking chief on Beacon Hill. Grave goods including a sword, spurs and a battle axe were discovered. Further finds were made on the same site in 1997 when a mobile phone mast was being constructed.
wn.com/Aspatria -
Bassenthwaite
Coordinates: 54°40′48″N 3°11′46″W / 54.68°N 3.196°W / 54.68; -3.196
Bassenthwaite is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale in Cumbria, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 412. The village is about 9 miles (14 km) east of Cockermouth, and is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) from Bassenthwaite Lake. Containing just a single pub and no shops, it is largely an agricultural community, with two farms within the village itself, with a number of holiday homes. Boasting a Church of England Church on its outskirts, together with a tiny Methodist chapel, it contains many elements of the archetypal English village including a green, primary school and a stream running through it. Trafford Caravan Park is on Carlisle Road 6 miles (9.7 km) from the roundabout just outside Keswick. Bassenthwaite Village is at the foot of Skiddaw, one of the highest mountains in England at 3,054 feet (931 m). Robin Hood, Skiddaw, Ullock Pike, Longside Edge and Barf can be seen from the village.
wn.com/Bassenthwaite -
Beaumont, Cumbria
Beaumont is a village and civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England which, according to the 2001 census, had a population of 447. The village itself lies 4 miles north-west of Carlisle on the banks of the River Eden. The Beaumont parish lies within the Cumberland ward of North West England and covers an area west of Carlisle, including Grinsdale, Kirkandrews-on-Eden, Monkhill, and Beaumont. Beaumont is bounded on the north by the River Eden, on the west by Burgh-by-Sands, on the south by Moorhouse, on the east by Grinsdale and the Carlisle canal runs through the parish, holding and admitting sixty tonne vessles. It stretches along the west side of the Eden, a distance of about two miles, and comprises 1,629 acres of land. Beaumont's name, as suggested by the French translation 'beautiful mount'. comes from its high setting.
The manor was anciently in the Bruns, Lords of Bowness, who were patrons also of the church: before the year 1380 it became the property of the Dacres, and has ever since been annexed to the Barony of Burgh, now belonging to the Earl of Lonsdale. The church, which, since the year 1692, has been held jointly with Kirkandrews-on-Eden, is in the diocese and deanery of Carlisle. This small rectory was augmented by Queen Ann's bounty in 1772, aided by a benefaction of 200l. from the Countess Dowager Gower. This parish has a share of the interest of 50l. bequeathed by Mr. Thomas Pattinson, in 1785, for the purpose of educating the children of the poor of Beaumont, Kirk-Andrews, and Grinsdale.
wn.com/Beaumont,_Cumbria -
Beckermet
Coordinates: 54°26′46″N 3°30′58″W / 54.446°N 3.516°W / 54.446; -3.516
Beckermet (
/bɛˈkɜrmɨt/) is a village, civil parish and post town in the English county of Cumbria, located near the coast between Egremont and Seascale. Historically within Cumberland, it is served by Braystones railway station and is less than a mile west of the A595 road. It is near - around 2 miles/3 km from - the Sellafield nuclear plant which may be seen from the higher parts of the village.
The natural assumption is that the village is so-named because two becks (local dialect meaning streams- specifically Kirk Beck and Black Beck) meet there. However, the name is pronounced with the accent on the middle syllable (over the years, attempts by people to spell the name as they heard it have resulted in versions like Beck Armett in 1570, and Bekyremet in 1279). In the 12th century there was an h in the middle, the earliest known version, from 1130, being Bechermet, so the English Place-Name Society suggests that the name really means "hermit's stream".
wn.com/Beckermet -
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( /ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
wn.com/Bedfordshire -
Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
wn.com/Berkshire -
Bewcastle
Coordinates: 55°03′47″N 2°40′57″W / 55.06306°N 2.68261°W / 55.06306; -2.68261
Bewcastle is a large civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England.
According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 411. The parish is large and includes the settlements of Roadhead, Shopford, Blackpool Gate, Roughsike and The Flatt. To the north the parish extends to the border with Scotland. As well as Bewcastle Castle this border area includes Askerton Castle. St Cuthbert's churchyard contains the famous 7th Century Bewcastle Cross. The sundial on its surface is the oldest in Britain[citation needed], divided into the four 'tides' which governed the working day in medieval times. Its importance has been described by Nikolaus Pevsner thus; "The crosses of Bewcastle and Ruthwell....are the greatest achievement of their date in the whole of Europe." A perfect copy of the whole cross is located in the churchyard of St Mary's neo-Romanesque Church at Wreay near Carlisle.
Bewcastle is also known for its unusual hexagonal Roman fort[citation needed], which has been identified as Fanum Cocidi.
wn.com/Bewcastle -
Blindbothel
Coordinates: 54°38′02″N 3°21′58″W / 54.634°N 3.366°W / 54.634; -3.366 Blindbothel is a village and civil parish in the Allerdale district of Cumbria, England. It is on the edge of the Lake District National Park, and is a couple of miles south of Cockermouth. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 148.
Media related to Blindbothel at Wikimedia Commons
wn.com/Blindbothel -
Bolton, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°36′14″N 2°33′40″W / 54.604°N 2.561°W / 54.604; -2.561
Bolton is a village and civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north west of Appleby-in-Westmorland, and on the River Eden. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 416. Anthony Salvin designed Crossrigg Hall.
Bolton has a pub called the Eden Vale Inn, 2 schools, a primary school called Bolton Primary School, a church called All Saints Church and a Priory school called Eden Grove School.
wn.com/Bolton,_Cumbria -
Bootle, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°17′N 3°22′W / 54.28°N 3.37°W / 54.28; -3.37
Bootle (oo as in boot) is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Copeland in Cumbria, England. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 745. Historically within Cumberland, the village is in the Lake District National Park, and is close to the Irish Sea coast. Near to Bootle is the Eskmeals Firing Range, which was a large employer but in the mid to late 1990s reduced the workforce. Also within the parish is Hycemoor, a hamlet situated 1.2 miles (1.9 km) north-west of Bootle, where Bootle railway station is located.
Bootle is listed in the Domesday Book as one of the townships forming the Manor of Hougun held by Earl Tostig.A charter for a market and a fair for the 'exaltation of the cross' was granted in 1347 by King Edward III to John de Huddleston, Lord of Millom.
Media related to Bootle, Cumbria at Wikimedia Commons
wn.com/Bootle,_Cumbria -
Borrowdale
Coordinates: 54°31′45″N 3°08′45″W / 54.529167°N 3.145833°W / 54.529167; -3.145833
Borrowdale is a valley and civil parish in the English Lake District in the Borough of Allerdale in Cumbria, England.
Borrowdale lies within the historic county boundaries of Cumberland, and is sometimes referred to as Cumberland Borrowdale in order to distinguish it from another Borrowdale in the historic county of Westmorland.
The valley rises in the central Lake District and runs north carrying the River Derwent into the lake of Derwent Water. The waters of the River have their origins over a wide area of the central massif of the Lake District north of Esk Hause and Stake Pass, including draining the northern end of Scafell including Great End, the eastern side of the Dale Head massif, the western part of the Central Fells and all of the Glaramara ridge. Near Rosthwaite the side valley of Langstrath joins the main valley from Seathwaite before the combined waters negotiate the narrow gap known as the Jaws of Borrowdale. Here it is flanked by the rocky crags of Castle Crag and Grange Fell. The valley then opens out around Grange before the river empties into Derwent Water, overlooked by Catbells, Skiddaw and Walla Crag.
wn.com/Borrowdale -
Bowness-on-Solway
Bowness-on-Solway is a small village of less than 100 houses on the Solway Firth separating England and Scotland. It falls in North-West Cumbria to the west of Carlisle on the English side. The western end of Hadrian's Wall is a major tourist attraction, along with beaches and wading birds. The town is part of the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The village is situated on the site of the Roman fort called Maia, at the western end of Hadrian's Wall. It was the second largest fort on the entire Wall. There was also a small civilian settlement (vicus) outside the south gate of the fort.
Built atop what may be the granary for the Roman fort in the 12th century, the two original bells were stolen by border raiders in 1626, accidentally dropping them in the Solway during their flight. In retaliation, the villagers raided Dornock and Middlebie, making off with a new pair of bells. Traditionally, on inception, the vicar of Annan petitions the village's neighbours for the return of his bells.
wn.com/Bowness-on-Solway -
Bridekirk
Coordinates: 54°41′22″N 3°22′10″W / 54.68946°N 3.36951°W / 54.68946; -3.36951
Bridekirk is a township and a parish in the Allerdale district in the west of the county of Cumbria, England. It is located around 1.24 miles (2.00 km) north of the Derwent river and about the same distance from the nearest large town of Cockermouth just south of the river. Bridekirk is just outside the Lake District National Park (1 mile (1.6 km) by road) and is not far from the Maryport and Carlisle Railway.
In addition to the township of Bridekirk itself, Bridekirk parish also contains six other townships including Papcastle, Little Broughton, Great Broughton, Ribton, Dovenby, and Tallentire.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, the township of Bridekirk has a population of 636 and 246 households in total.
There are 335 economically active people in Bridekirk (between the ages of 16 and 74) and 125 economically inactive people in the same age bracket.
Two main categories of employment in Bridekirk:
Other categories of employment:
wn.com/Bridekirk -
Brigham, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°39′29″N 3°24′58″W / 54.658°N 3.416°W / 54.658; -3.416
The village of Brigham, near the town of Cockermouth, Cumbria, England, has existed as a settlement since neolithic times.
Brigham was an early centre of Christianity in Cumbria. The church of St Bridget's, was originally a Norman building, and is situated at the far north of the village, known as Low Brigham; it contains several fragments of pre-Norman crosses and other early carved stones. A disused quarry is situated in the centre of the village, above which runs the main street of High Brigham. The quarry is bisected by the road called Stang Lonning. Newer housing estates known as High Rigg and The Hill are at the west and east of the village.
Until the closure of the Cockermouth and Workington Railway in 1966, Brigham had a railway station. At one time there was also a second station serving the hamlet of Broughton Cross, 1 km west of the main village.
The village gave its name to HMS Brigham, a Ham class minesweeper. The ship's bell from this vessel is now in St Bridget's Church of England primary school in the village. Until a more modern fire alarm system was installed, this bell was rung as the fire alarm for the school.
wn.com/Brigham,_Cumbria -
Bromfield, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°48′36″N 3°17′06″W / 54.81°N 3.285°W / 54.81; -3.285
Bromfield is a village and civil parish in the Allerdale district of Cumbria, England.
It is about five miles north-east of Aspatria. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 530. It has 2 farms, a church dedicated to St Mungo, and a pub.
Media related to Bromfield, Cumbria at Wikimedia Commons
wn.com/Bromfield,_Cumbria -
Burgh by Sands
Burgh by Sands (
i/ˈbrʌf/ BRUFF) is a village and civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England, situated near the Solway Firth. The parish includes the village of Burgh by Sands along with Longburgh, Dykesfield, Boustead Hill, Moorhouse and Thurstonfield.
According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 1,143. The village is about seven miles (11 km) west of Carlisle city centre. The village has a primary school, a pub, a motor garage and a post office. It also has a statue of Edward I. Burgh was on the Carlisle Navigation canal from 1823 to 1853, after which it was served by the Port Carlisle railway, which was built on the bed of the canal, until its closure in 1932. From 1856 to 1964, railway trains operating on the Carlisle to Silloth line once again stopped at Burgh station.
Hadrian's Wall runs through the village, and the site once was that of a Roman fort, Aballava. It has also been mooted as a possible site for the semi-mythical Avalon where King Arthur died and the legendary Excalibur was forged.
wn.com/Burgh_by_Sands -
Caldbeck
Coordinates: 54°44′N 3°03′W / 54.73°N 3.05°W / 54.73; -3.05
Caldbeck is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Historically within Cumberland, the village had 714 inhabitants according to the census of 2001. It lies on the northern edge of the Lake District. The nearest town is Wigton, 6 miles north east of the village. In the last few years it has seen a massive house price boom, with many properties more than doubling their value over a couple of years.
The village is popular with tourists from across the globe. Caldbeck's most infamous/famous former resident is the hunter John Peel, whose grave is in the local churchyard. Prince Charles has visited the village several times in the last 10 years, overseeing the launch of the Northern Fells Rural Project, and in later years the end of the project, which became the Northern Fells Group. A famous resident is the climber Chris Bonington.
The village has a primary school situated in the area of Upton to the south west of the village proper. The northern part of the village centred around a large green is called Ratten Row.
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Carleton, Eden
Carleton used to be a separate village or small hamlet one mile east of the centre of Penrith, Cumbria, England. Today, it is a rural suburb in an area of Penrith that has seen the most growth of housing in the past 30 years.
The name 'Carleton', originates from Old English 'ceorl' or carle, charle, meaning farmer or free peasant and 'ton' a ville or settlement. The name Carleton, Carlton or Charlton is quite common in England. The nearest other example being the village of Carleton on the outskirts of Carlisle.
Carleton Village itself is a small line of houses along one side of the A686 road that forms part of the boundary of the town's built up area; at the junction of the A686 and Carleton Road (formerly the A66 road and a lane leading down to Frenchfield) is the Cross Keys Inn (which was a for a short time in the early 21st century known as the Carleton Inn and was closed between 2004 and 2008).
On the other side of the A686 road and to the east of Carleton Road is the large High Carleton housing estate which was started in the 1960s and is still growing. (Previous to this estate being built, the area was an old army camp which after World War II was inhabited by dispossesed Polish nationals). The estate is subdivided into the Frenchfield Way/Gardens area, the original High Carleton area, Carleton Park or Parklands, Carleton Meadows and Carleton Heights most of the streets in this area are named after trees or other plants e.g.: Oak Road, Sycamore Drive, Juniper Way. A small stream runs through the estate. Oak Road connects Carleton with the neighbouring estates of Meadow Croft and Scaws. At the junction of Oak Road and Ash Road is a nursery school.
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Carlisle, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°53′28″N 2°56′38″W / 54.8910°N 2.9439°W / 54.8910; -2.9439
Carlisle (/kɑrˈlaɪl/ or local /ˈkɑrlaɪl/, from Cumbric: Caer Luel) is the county town of Cumbria, and the major settlement of the wider City of Carlisle in North West England. Carlisle is located at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril, 10 miles (16 km) south of the Scottish border. It is the largest settlement in the county of Cumbria, and serves as the administrative centre for both Carlisle City Council and Cumbria County Council. At the time of the 2001 census, the population of Carlisle was 71,773, with 100,734 living in the wider city.
Historically the county town of Cumberland, the early history of Carlisle is marked by its status as a Roman settlement, established to serve the forts on Hadrian's Wall. During the Middle Ages, because of its proximity to the Kingdom of Scotland, Carlisle became an important military stronghold; Carlisle Castle, still relatively intact, was built in 1092 by William Rufus, and having once served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots. The castle now houses the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment and the Border Regiment Museum. In the early 12th century Henry I allowed the foundation of a priory in Carlisle. The town gained the status of a diocese in 1122, and the priory became Carlisle Cathedral.
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Castle Sowerby
Coordinates: 54°45′22″N 2°57′00″W / 54.756°N 2.950°W / 54.756; -2.950
Castle Sowerby is a civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England. It has a population of 337, and includes the hamlets of How Hill, Millhouse, Newlands, Sour Nook, Southernby and Sowerby Row.
Three miles north of Sowerby Row is Thistlewood Farmhouse, consisting of a pele tower probably built in the early 15th century, with 16th century alterations, and an extension built in the late 17th century.
Castle Sowerby was one of the manors which formed part of the Honour of Penrith which has been owned at various times by the Neville Earls of Westmorland, the English Crown, the Earls and Dukes of Portland and the Dukes of Devonshire.
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Catterlen
Coordinates: 54°41′00″N 2°49′00″W / 54.683333°N 2.816667°W / 54.683333; -2.816667
Catterlen is a small village and civil parish 3 miles (4.8 km) north west of Penrith, Cumbria.
The village is a linear one with the B5305 road dividing it into two. Junction 41 of the M6 motorway is at Catterlen.
The parish of Catterlen also includes the slightly more populous village of Newton Reigny which was a separate parish from 1866 to 1934, previous to 1866 both villages were part of a larger Newton Reigny Parish.
The large house and former pele tower known as Catterlen Hall is closer to Newton Reigny than Catterlen.
Within the parish is the Newton Rigg or Penrith campus of the University of Cumbria.
Media related to Catterlen at Wikimedia Commons
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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Cleator
Cleator is a village in the English county of Cumbria and within the boundaries of the traditional county of Cumberland.
Cleator is 1½ miles south of the town of Cleator Moor on the A5086 road. Cleator was the original village, Cleator Moor being the moor above the village. It is the site of the former Kangol hat factory. The factory buildings are now empty with only a few office staff remaining in the adjacent building that houses the (now closed) factory shop. Cleator is located on the River Ehen, which is joined by the River Keekle at Longlands Lake.
On Thursday 19 November 2009, rainfall of over 300 mm was recorded in Cumbria. The surge of water off the fells of the Lake District flowed back to the Irish Sea down the rivers of West Cumbria, including the River Derwent which caused flooding and damage at Keswick, Cockermouth and Workington. The River Ehen burst its banks at Cleator, near to the Kangol factory, flooding fields and a number of residential properties. Cleator Flood Action Group, associated to the National Flood Forum, was established following this event, in order to work with relevant agencies to progress actions to prevent or reduce the consequences of any future flood events.
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Cockermouth
Coordinates: 54°39′41″N 3°21′43″W / 54.6613°N 3.3620°W / 54.6613; -3.3620
Cockermouth /ˈkɒkərməθ/ is an ancient market town and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale in Cumbria, England, and is so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker as it flows into the River Derwent. The 2001 census records the population at that time as being 7,877.
Historically a part of Cumberland, Cockermouth is situated outside the English Lake District on its northwest fringe. Much of the architectural core of the town remains unchanged since the basic medieval layout was filled in the 18th and 19th centuries. The regenerated Market place is now a central historical focus within the town and reflects events during its eight hundred year history. The town is prone to flooding, being flooded in 2005 and again much more severely on 19th November 2009.
Cockermouth owes its existence to the confluence of the rivers Cocker and Derwent, being the lowest point, historically, at which the resultant fast flowing river powered by the Lake District could be bridged. Cockermouth is situated a few minutes travelling distance from lakes such as Ennerdale, Crummock Water, Loweswater, and Bassenthwaite.
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Copeland, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°25′52″N 3°23′20″W / 54.431°N 3.389°W / 54.431; -3.389
The Borough of Copeland is a local government district and borough in western Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Whitehaven. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Whitehaven, Ennerdale Rural District and Millom Rural District.
The name is derived from an alternate name for the Cumberland ward of Allerdale above Derwent, which covered roughly the same area.
Different explanations exist for the name. According to a document issued at the time of the borough's grant of arms, the name Copeland is derived from kaupland or bought land, the area of the Forest having been bought from the estate of St Bees Priory.
Angus Winchester (1985) upholds that the name kaupland derives from the Irish-Norse invasion of the area in the tenth century (Wainwright 1975). According to this explanation, the area was purchased from the Kingdom of Strathclyde, possibly with loot from Ireland. Geoffrey Hodgson (2008) argues that this Viking invasion accounts for the high frequency of the Hodgson surname in the area.
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Corney
Coordinates: 54°18′N 3°22′W / 54.30°N 3.36°W / 54.30; -03.36
Corney is a small settlement in Cumbria, England. It is near the A595 road, in the civil parish of Waberthwaite and Corney.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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Croglin
Croglin is the name of a village, beck (stream), and grange in Cumbria in England. Croglin is a quiet picturesque fellside village between the Pennines and the River Eden, about 14 miles (23 km) south-east of Carlisle. The surrounding land is used for agriculture, mainly sheep. A small river, Croglin Water, flows through the valley down into the River Eden.
A village has existed in this location for a long time and may originally have been two separate hamlets. There has been a church on the current site since the Norman period, but the present building, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, was erected in 1878 to a design by J. Hewison of Edinburgh. There is a post office, which opens two mornings a week, and a pub, the Robin Hood.
Because of its proximity to the Scottish borders, the village was often raided by the Border Reivers in the 15th century. The lower two stories of a pele tower still survive, incorporated into the house formerly known as Croglin Vicarage, now The Old Pele, a testament to that need for defence.
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Crosby-on-Eden
Coordinates: 54°55′55″N 2°50′38″W / 54.932°N 2.844°W / 54.932; -2.844 Crosby-on-Eden is the combined name for two villages within the civil parish of Stanwix Rural near Carlisle, Cumbria, England.
The two small villages are by the River Eden north-east of Carlisle, joined by a road that previously was the line of the Stanegate Roman road . and are called High Crosby and Low Crosby.
In Low Crosby is the Church of St John the Evangelist, a rebuilt church by R.H. Billings in the gothic style. A grange was built here and named Crosby. High Crosby is a half mile east of Low Crosby, and located in the village is Crosby House, a former mansion now hotel.
The villages are bypassed by the A689 road which was previously numbered as part of the B6264 and follows the route of General Wade's Military Road.
Crosby-on-Eden also has a primary school, Crosby-on-Eden C. of E. School, built in 1844.
RAF Crosby-on-Eden was a World War II airfield originally home to No.59 Operational Training Unit providing day training for Hawker Hurricane pilots , which was replaced by OTU17 Group Coastal Command in August 1942 for training long-range fighter crews on Bristol Beaufort and Bristol Beaufighter conversion squadrons, as well as air firing and night flying . In August 1944 the station came under the command of 109 OTU, a transport command of Douglas Dakotas . The station was renamed 1383 TCU 1/8/45.
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Crosscanonby
Coordinates: 54°44′10″N 3°26′39″W / 54.73616°N 3.44424°W / 54.73616; -3.44424
Crosscanonby is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Crosscanonby is 23 miles (37.0 km) Southwest of Carlisle, 8.8 miles (14.2 km) South of Silloth and less than 2 miles (3.2 km) Northeast of Maryport. The parish includes the villages of Birkby, Crosby, Crosby Villa and Crosscanonby. The parish is situated within the Solway Coast,a region designated by the United Kingdom as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty,(AONB). The parish council has 10 members. It is part of the Ellen ward of Allerdale borough, the Dearham and Broughton division of Cumbria county and the Workington Parliamentary Constituency.
The population, approximately (1.054), is served by 1 public house, (The Stag Inn) and 1 Primary School.
Crosscanonby is located less than a mile from cumbria's West Coast, 0.5 miles off the A5996 and North of the river Ellen . It is where the Norman church, St John the Evangelist's Church, Crosscanonby is situated, along with the Crosscanonby Carr. North of the village is where the Crosscanonby salt pans are found. Being known for its history as the location where salt was produced from the 1630s until about 1760,it is thought that some of the worker's cottages were contructed in this village at the same time. These cottages became a pub, then reverted to being cottages again in 1900. The coast road, B5300, which runs through the middle if the salt pans was built in 1824.
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Cumberland
Cumberland ( /ˈkʌmbərlənd/) is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1914) and now forms part of Cumbria.
What was to become Cumberland had a complicated political history before the 12th century. The first record of the term "Cumberland" appears in 945, when the Anglo Saxon Chronicle recorded that the area was ceded to Malcolm I of Scotland by King Edmund of England. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 most of the future county remained part of Scotland although some villages in the far south west, which were the possessions of the Earl of Northumbria, were included in the Yorkshire section with the Furness region.
In 1092 King William Rufus of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to Ranulf Meschyn. In 1133 Carlisle was made the see of a new diocese, identical with the area of the earldom. However, on the death of King Henry I in 1135, the area was regained by Scotland's King David I. He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy civil war. In 1157 Henry II of England resumed possession of the area from Malcolm IV of Scotland, and formed two new counties from the former earldom: Westmorland and "Carliol". The silver-mining area of Alston, previously associated with the Liberty of Durham, was also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons. By 1177 the county of Carliol was known as Cumberland. The border between England and Scotland was made permanent by the Treaty of York in 1237.
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Cumberland (ward)
Coordinates: 54°51′54″N 3°02′42″W / 54.865°N 3.045°W / 54.865; -3.045
The ward of Cumberland was one of the ancient divisions of the historic county of Cumberland, England. In most other counties these divisions were called hundreds or Wapentakes.
The ward included Carlisle and Wigton and took in parts of Inglewood Forest. It was bounded on the north and east by Eskdale Ward, on the south by Leath Ward and the west by Allerdale-below-Derwent Ward.
The parish of Stanwix just to the north of Carlisle was partly in both Eskdale and Cumberland wards.
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Cumbria
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
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Cumrew
Coordinates: 54°50′47″N 2°42′04″W / 54.84627°N 2.70101°W / 54.84627; -2.70101
Cumrew is a small village and civil parish in north-east Cumbria, England. About 7 miles (11 km) south of Brampton and 13 miles (21 km) east of Carlisle.
Cumrew consists of two townships one of which is Cumrew Inside and the other Cumrew outside. Together they contain 2,686 acres. The parish borders Croglin, Cumwhitton, Carlatton, and Castle Carrock. The village consists of 33 households 31 of which have permanent living residents. Business in Cumrew is very limited and consisted of farms and an engineering company called Clive Walton Engineering Limited. The local farms include Rising Sun, Helme and Gateshaw Mill.
In a field near the church it may be seen that an outline of an extensive quadrangle used to exist. When Hutchinson wrote, there where, what he was conceived by, indications of a large object having occupied the spot. These could be the remains of Dunwalloght castle. There is not much evidence that supports this claim or assumption. As when two small mounds where removed in 1832 there was no trace of a foundation of the castle or masonry. To support the clam of Hutchinson that it was the site of Dunwalloght castle. The Dacres family formerly owned two small estates here, which they sold to Sir Christopher Musgrave and Dugdale, in his Baronage. This is evidence that suggests that they had a castle on this site called Dunwalloght, situated near the borders. Beyond this allusion nothing is known, either of its history or its site.
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Cumwhitton
Cumwhitton is a small village and civil parish close to Carlisle in Cumbria, England. Cumwhitton lies just East of the M6 and the nearest train station is located in Wetheral, 3 miles away. Cumwhitton is often confused with the nearby village of Cumwhinton in Wetheral parish.
The current population of Cumwhitton, according to the 2001 census, is 293. There is a roughly even split of males to females, with 152 males and 141 females.. There are 111 households within the small village of Cumwhitton.
Cumwhitton is located in the North of Cumbria, in the North West of England. Cumwhitton is approximately 8.8miles South East of Carlisle. The A69 is the main road that links Cumwhitton to Carlisle. The village is located on the East side of the River Eden which runs through Cumwhitton to Solway Firth.
St. Mary's Church is a grade 2 listed building. It dates back to, at least, the 12th century and was extensively rebuilt in the 19th century. St.Mary's Church is an ancient edifice. There are a variety of stained glass windows, most by unknown artists. The East window is probably Anglo-Saxon; the South wall is Norman; and the North arcade of three bays was built around 1200.
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Dacre, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°37′52″N 2°50′20″W / 54.631°N 2.839°W / 54.631; -2.839
Dacre is a small village and civil parish in the Lake District National Park in the Eden District of Cumbria, England, and was historically in Cumberland. In the 2001 census, the parish, which includes Newbiggin and Stainton, had a population of 1,326.
Dacre is situated about 5 miles (8 km) west of Penrith and contains St Andrew's Parish Church and an ancient castle as well as the Horse & Farrier pub. Nearby is the well-known small stately home of Dalemain. Dacre Beck is a major tributary of the River Eamont.
Although Dacre is a small place in itself its civil parish is quite large and includes the villages and hamlets of Stainton, Redhills, Newbiggin, Great Blencow and Soulby. Stainton is by far the largest place in the parish and is a dormitary village of Penrith. Redhills is home to a Little Chef restaurant, the Penrith Golf Driving Range, The Limes Country Hotel and the Rheged Discovery Centre.
As early as AD 731, the Venerable Bede, in his Ecclesiastical History, speaks of a monastery at Dacre, written as 'Dacore'. There is no later reference to the monastery, and it is assumed to have been destroyed by the Vikings. A church, however, has been present on the site for over a millennium. Archaeological excavations support the view that the church may be built on the site of the former monastery.
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Dalston, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°53′28″N 2°56′38″W / 54.8910°N 2.9439°W / 54.8910; -2.9439
Dalston is a large village and civil parish within the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. It is situated on the B5299 road about four miles (6 km) south-south-west of Carlisle city centre, and approximately five miles (8 km) from Junction 42 of the M6 motorway.
The village has a population of around 2500, and serves as a key service centre for a much wider rural area. At the centre is The Square, which is, in fact, not square. It is dominated by St Michael's and All Angels Church. Most of the shops are located in and around The Square. To the northwest of the centre of the village is the Barras Lane business estate which is home to numerous businesses.
The village is on the River Caldew and is served by the Dalston railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line. There are two popular schools in Dalston, St. Michaels Primary School and Caldew Secondary School which has over a thousand pupils. There is also a Nestlé factory producing powdered milk, a BP fuel depot and a factory producing specialist materials called Cowens.
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Dearham
Coordinates: 54°42′38″N 3°26′34″W / 54.7105°N 3.4427°W / 54.7105; -3.4427
Dearham is a village and civil parish in the Allerdale district of Cumbria, England. It is situated in West Cumbria, about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Maryport and 4+1⁄2 miles (7.2 km) west of Cockermouth. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,028. It is a large, strung-out village. The village has a small primary school with approximately 173 children on roll and a nursery with approximately 26 children on roll. There is a church (St Mungo's, C of E); the former Methodist Chapel is now a private residence. There are four public houses, including The Old Mill Inn and The Sun Inn (renovated in the first decade of the 21st century), a post office/village shop, a fish and chip shop, a hairdresser, a petrol station and a locally renowned pie shop, "The Cottage Pie".
The majority of young people in Dearham attend Netherhall School, Maryport for their secondary schooling.
As well as the village of Dearham itself, the parish includes Allonby and Crosscanonby.
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Diocese of Carlisle
The Diocese of Carlisle was created in 1133 by Henry I out of part of the Diocese of Durham, although many people of Celtic descent in the area looked to Glasgow for spiritual leadership. The first bishop was Æthelwold, formerly the king's confessor and now prior of the Augustinian priory at Nostell in Yorkshire. Carlisle was thus the only cathedral in England to be run by Augustinians instead of Benedictines. This only lasted until the reign of Henry III however, when the Augustinians in Carlisle joined the rebels who temporarily handed the city over to Scotland and elected their own bishop. When the revolt was ended, the Augustinians were expelled.
The seat of the diocese is the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in Carlisle.
The Diocese covers the most of the non-metropolitan county of Cumbria; Alston Moor is part of the Diocese of Newcastle, and the former Sedbergh Rural District is part of the Diocese of Bradford. The diocese originally only covered the northern parts of Cumberland and Westmorland, and expanded to cover the entirety of these, as well as the Furness and Cartmel areas of Lancashire, in 1847, from part of the Diocese of Chester, although this did not take effect until 1856.
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Drigg
Drigg is a village situated in the civil parish of Drigg and Carleton on the West Cumbria coast of the Irish Sea and on the boundary of the Lake District National Park in the county of Cumbria, England.
Drigg and Carleton parish comprises the areas and settlements of Drigg, Stubble Green, Low Moor, Carleton, Saltcoats, Maudsyke, Wray Head, Hallsenna, Holmrook.
Drigg sits to the North of the River Irt, with Carleton to the South of the river. The river runs from Wastwater lake to the Irish Sea. There are three bridges over the river in the parish; the main bridge is in Holmrook which takes the A595 road over the river. The Cumbrian Coast Line railway crosses the River Irt at the head of the tidal estuary where the Irt joins the River Mite at Ravenglass. There is an old small pack horse bridge in the Drigg Holmes which does not take vehicles.
Drigg railway station is on the Cumbrian Coast Line.
During WW2 a Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF Drigg) was established at Drigg between the railway line and the sea. This is now the site of Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Low Level Waste Repository. The parish has many areas of natural beauty and interest: the sandy beach and dunes, Hallsenna Moor and Drigg Holmes. In particular part of the dunes are an important bird reserve , a Local Nature Reserve and an SSSI.
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Dumfriesshire
Dumfriesshire or the County of Dumfries (Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic) is a registration county of Scotland. The lieutenancy area of Dumfries has similar boundaries.
Until 1975 it was a county. Its county town was Dumfries. It bordered Kirkcudbrightshire to the west, Ayrshire to the north-west, Lanarkshire, Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire to the north, and Roxburghshire to the east. To the south was the coast of the Solway Firth, and across the English border Cumberland.
Dumfries had three traditional subdivisions - Annandale, Eskdale and Nithsdale.
Today it forms part of the Dumfries and Galloway council area.
Notable people from Dumfriesshire include:
The coastline measures 21 miles (34 km). The county slopes very gradually from the mountainous districts of the Southern Uplands in the north, down to the sea; lofty hills alternating in parts with stretches of tableland or rich fertile holms. At various points within a few miles of the Solway are tracts of moss land, like Craigs Moss, Lochar Moss and Longbridge Moor in the west, and Nutberry Moss in the east, all once under water, but now largely reclaimed.
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Eaglesfield
Eaglesfield is a small town in south east Dumfriesshire (Dumfries and Galloway), Scotland. It is not far from the English Border.
Eaglesfield is of ancient origin, and Blacket Tower is the former seat of an old Borders family. There is some debate about the origin of the first element of the name which may derive from the Celtic word for a church, eglwys in modern Welsh, or eaglais in modern Scottish Gaelic.
Many of the buildings in the town are of recent construction, from the 19th and 20th centuries. The town is a good example of a linear settlement, as most of it is in and around a single road.
Coordinates: 55°03′32″N 3°11′49″W / 55.059°N 3.197°W / 55.059; -3.197
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Eamont Bridge
Eamont Bridge is a small village immediately to the south of Penrith, Cumbria.
The village is named after the River Eamont and straddles the boundary between the ancient counties of Cumberland and Westmorland. One of the houses in the village is called the "Welcome Inn" and was at one time the Welcome into Cumberland Inn.
There are two ancient sites in the village, namely the earthwork known as King Arthur's Round Table and the much better preserved Mayburgh Henge. Both sites are under the protection of English Heritage. There is a splendid example of vernacular architecture in the centre of the village: the Mansion House.
The southern or Westmorland half of the village lies within the civil parish of Yanwath and Eamont Bridge whereas the northern part (Skirsgill Lane and Kemplay Bank) is within the unparished area of Penrith. For other local government matters Eamont Bridge lies within the Eden District wards of Eamont, Penrith South and Penrith Pategill and the Cumbria county council electoral divisions of Penrith Rural, Penrith West and Penrith East.
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East Suffolk
East Suffolk, along with West Suffolk, was created in 1888 as an administrative county of England. The administrative county was based on the eastern quarter sessions division of Suffolk. East Suffolk County Council's headquarters was in Ipswich, which was a county borough in its own right.
East Suffolk was abolished in 1974 when most of the county was merged with West Suffolk and the county borough of Ipswich to form the non-metropolitan county of Suffolk. A small part of East Suffolk was included into Norfolk in 1974.
From 1894 the administrative county was divided into municipal boroughs, urban districts and rural districts:
The rural districts were further subdivided into civil parishes.
Coordinates: 52°12′N 1°15′E / 52.20°N 1.25°E / 52.20; 1.25
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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Edenhall
Edenhall is a village located about a mile south of Langwathby, in the Eden district, in the county of Cumbria, England. Edenhall has a church called St Cuthbert's Church. The name Edenhall originates from a hall mansion which was owned by the Musgrave family.
Coordinates: 54°40′N 2°40′W / 54.667°N 2.667°W / 54.667; -2.667
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Egremont, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°29′02″N 3°31′50″W / 54.4840°N 3.5306°W / 54.4840; -3.5306
Egremont is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Copeland in Cumbria, England, 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Whitehaven and on the River Ehen. The town, which lies at the foot of Uldale Valley and Dent Fell, was historically within Cumberland and has a long industrial heritage including dyeing, weaving and iron ore mining. It had a population of 7,444 in 2001.
The town's layout today is much the same as at the time of Richard de Lucy around 1200 with its wide Main Street opening out into the market place. The remains of the Norman castle, built in the 12th century, are situated at the southern end of Main Street near the market place.
Egremont was granted a charter for a market and annual fair by King Henry III in 1266. The resulting annual Crab Fair now hosts the World Gurning Championships.
The modern economy is built on services, media and tourism, together with nuclear industry at Sellafield.
Manufacturing industries have declined but service, new media and tourism industries have taken their place.
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Embleton, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°39′32″N 3°17′49″W / 54.659°N 3.297°W / 54.659; -3.297
Embleton is a small village and civil parish in the Allerdale district in Cumbria, England. It is located east of Cockermouth on the A66 road, and within the boundaries of the Lake District National Park. As of the 2001 census the parish had a population of 297.
Embleton railway station opened in 1865, on the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway, and was closed by British Rail in 1958 although the railway through the village survived until 1966. The trackbed has now been used for the route of the A66 road.
Sometime around 1854 a schoolmaster digging in commonland at Embleton came across a hoard of weapons dating to the first century AD, the transition between the Late Iron Age and Early Roman period. It comprised three iron spearheads and two swords, one of which was in a decorated copper-alloy scabbard. The latter object can now be seen in the British Museum
Media related to Embleton, Cumbria at Wikimedia Commons
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Ennerdale Bridge
Ennerdale Bridge is a settlement in the county of Cumbria, England.
Ennerdale Bridge lies at the confluence of Croasdale Beck and the River Ehen and is on the border of the Lake District National Park that uses both watercourses as its boundary. The nearest town is Cleator Moor to its west. Ennerdale Bridge appear in many versions of the Coast to Coast Walk and is 13 miles (21 km) from its western end.
The parish church, dedicated to St Mary, is Victorian - dating from 1858 - in the Romanesque style.
Coordinates: 54°31′50″N 03°26′20″W / 54.53056°N 3.43889°W / 54.53056; -3.43889
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Flimby
Coordinates: 54°41′10″N 3°30′47″W / 54.686°N 3.513°W / 54.686; -3.513
Flimby is a village in the Borough of Allerdale in Cumbria, England. Historically within Cumberland, it forms part of the civil parish of Maryport.
Flimby railway station is on the Cumbrian Coast Line. The village has 2 convenience stores.
The Risehow Industrial Estate is located in Flimby.
Its name was recorded as Flinbi in 1056 and Flemyngeby in the 12th century, and seems to come from Old Norse Flæminga bý, meaning "the village of the Flemings".
Media related to Flimby at Wikimedia Commons
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Furness
Furness ( /ˈfɜrnɨs/) is a peninsula in south Cumbria, England. At its widest extent, it is incorrectly considered to cover the whole of North Lonsdale, that part of the Lonsdale hundred that is an exclave of the historic county of Lancashire, lying to the north of Morecambe Bay.
The area is divided into Low Furness and High Furness. Low Furness is the peninsula; it juts out into the Irish Sea and delineates the western edge of Morecambe Bay. The southern end of the peninsula is dominated by the bay's tidal mudflats. The long thin island of Walney lies off the peninsula's south-west coast. High Furness is the northern part of the area, that was part of North Lonsdale but is not on the peninsula itself. Much of it is within the Lake District National Park, and contains the Furness Fells. It borders England's largest body of water, Windermere. Additionally, the Cartmel Peninsula is often included in definitions of Furness. Strictly speaking, however, Cartmel is not part of Furness, forming a separate peninsula between the estuaries of the rivers Leven and Kent.
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Gamblesby
Gamblesby is a village near Melmerby in the civil parish of Glassonby, Cumbria, England. It appears first in written records in 1177 as Gamelesbi, and in 1212 as Gamelesby. It was a civil parish until 1934.
Coordinates: 54°44′54″N 2°36′54″W / 54.74833°N 2.615°W / 54.74833; -2.615
The geographic coordinates are from the Ordnance Survey.
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Garrigill
Coordinates: 54°46′01″N 2°23′49″W / 54.767°N 2.397°W / 54.767; -2.397
Garrigill, Cumbria is a small village in the North Pennine region of the UK situated on the banks and close to the source of the River South Tyne. It is within the Garrigill ward of the civil parish of Alston Moor within the district of Eden.
The village's name should not be confused with the hamlet of Galligill in the Nent valley also within Alston Moor.
The village's former name is Garrigill-Gate and was earlier known as Gerard's Gill. (Gill is a Norse word for a steep sided valley).
At its peak Garrigill was home to 1,000 people mainly employed in the lead mining industry; now its population numbers less than 200. Those who live and work in the village are mainly employed in agriculture. Garrigill Post Office is a traditional village store which has not changed substantially since the 1950s and is an attraction to many visitors although at one time the village had four shops including a Co-op store. Both the Pennine Way, the oldest of the UK's National Trails, and the Sea to Sea Cycle Route (C2C) England's most popular long distance cycle route, pass through the village.
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Gilcrux
Coordinates: 54°43′48″N 3°22′26″W / 54.730°N 3.374°W / 54.730; -3.374
Gilcrux is a small village and civil parish in the Ceremonial County of Cumbria, England. Formerly part of Cockermouth Rural District Gilcrux is now part of the Borough of Allerdale. The village is located on the South Bank of the River Ellen around 5 miles North of Cockermouth and around 23 miles South West of Carlisle the County town of Cumbria. The name Gilcrux comes from Welsh meaning 'Hill Retreat'. An early record of the village is shown on a map of the Cumbria area by Christopher Saxon in 1567, in which the village is known as Gilcrosse.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2001 the population of the parish was 303, with the parish containing 119 households in total.
There are 145 people between the ages of 16 and 74 that are economically active, with 9 people in that age bracket unemployed and a further 66 economically inactive. Employment within the parish is split between the extractive and manufactoring industries, in which 41% of the population are employed, and the service industry, which employs the remaining 59% of the economically active employed population of Gilcrux. The census data also allows us to see the mean distance that the residents of Gilcrux have to travel to their place of employment, the figure given is 23.42 km this could suggest that few people remain in the parish to work and instead commute to large settlements each day for work.
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Glassonby
Coordinates: 54°43′59″N 2°39′00″W / 54.733°N 2.650°W / 54.733; -2.650
Glassonby is a small village and civil parish in the Eden Valley of Cumbria, England, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south south east of Kirkoswald.
There is a methodist church and a microlight flying centre in the village.
The Anglican church of St Michael, just to the south of the village, is not the parish church of Glassonby but of Addingham. The village of Addingham lay near the River Eden but was lost centuries ago when the river changed its course. The church was rebuilt using some stones from the original and the name kept for the parish. Addingham parish was divided into a number of civil parishes in 1866.
Just to the north of the village, at White House Farm, is a well-preserved late sixteenth century bastle house.
The ashes of Rev G. Bramwell Evens, who was a popular broadcaster of the 1930s, were scattered at Old Parks Farm. He was a regular visitor to Glassonby in the 1920s and 30s. He is commemorated by a memorial at Old Parks which reads 'Sacred to the memory of Rev G. Bramwell Evens, "Romany of the BBC", whose ashes are scattered here. Born 1884. Died Nov 1943. He loved birds and trees and flowers and the wind on the heath'.
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Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire (i/ˈɡlɒstərʃər/ GLOSS-tər-shər; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Cirencester, Stroud, and Tewkesbury.
When considered as a ceremonial county, Gloucestershire borders the preserved county of Gwent in Wales (now Monmouthshire), and in England the ceremonial counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire and Somerset. Ceremonially, it includes the area covered by the South Gloucestershire unitary authority.
According to a 2002 campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Gloucestershire is the Wild Daffodil.
Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century, though the areas of Winchcombe and the Forest of Dean were not added until the late 11th century. Gloucestershire originally included the then "small town" of Bristol. The "local" rural community moved to the port city, (as Bristol was to become) and Bristol's population growth accelerated during the industrial revolution. Bristol became part of the administrative County of Avon in 1974.
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Gosforth, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°25′08″N 3°26′03″W / 54.41886°N 3.43408°W / 54.41886; -3.43408
Gosforth is a village and civil parish in the Lake District, in the Borough of Copeland in Cumbria, England. It is situated on the A595 road between Whitehaven and Barrow-in-Furness. It has a population of 1,230.
Gosforth contains an assemblage of Norse artefacts in and around St. Mary's church including the tallest and oldest Viking Cross in England, the Gosforth cross. Another huge cross was cut down in 1789 to make a sundial base. Work began on Gosforth Hall, now a Hotel and Restaurant near St. Mary's church, in 1658, by a local gentleman called Robert Copley. The date of completion is not clear, although the date on the Coat of Arms situated in the bar is 1673. Copley had previously refused to pay the Royal Herald for his own coat of arms and instead, made one up himself. In his history of "The Gosforth District", Dr. C.A Parker states that Robert Copley in 1658 built "a large handsome house with orchards and gardens suitable", and Parker states that henceforth the house was named Gosforth Hall. With the Hall being within the precinct of the church, it was likely that evidence of earlier occupation might be discovered. In 2005, the present owners of Gosforth Hall commissioned a small archaeological excavation within the grounds. This turned up some interesting finds indicating previous occupation on the site. This preliminary work is to be followed up in 2007 with a further excavation
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Great Salkeld
Coordinates: 54°43′01″N 2°42′00″W / 54.717°N 2.700°W / 54.717; -2.700
Great Salkeld is a small village and civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England, a few miles to the north east of Penrith.
The village is believed to have been connected at one time by a bridge over the River Eden to Little Salkeld. In the Middle Ages, the village was sometimes referred to in documents as Salkeld Regis as it was at times the property of the Crown.
The village's amenities are few and include a pub, The Highland Drove, which has won awards for its food, and an Anglican church. The primary school has recently closed despite a rigorous campaign to save it.
St. Cuthbert's church was built in the twelfth century, and is remarkable for the pele tower which was added to it in the fourteenth century. Great Salkeld Rectory also incorporates a pele tower, probably of the early 15th century.
The parish of Great Salkeld includes the hamlets of Salkeld Dykes, which is divided into North and South Dykes, Halfwaywell, Inglewood Bank and Burrell Green.
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Greysouthen
Coordinates: 54°38′54″N 3°26′29″W / 54.648209°N 3.4414501°W / 54.648209; -3.4414501
Greysouthen (Pronounced: "Grey-soon") is a small village and civil parish between the towns of Workington and Cockermouth, which are in Cumbria, in the North West of England.
The village does not have very many services but it does have a village hall which is used as a Post Office on Monday afternoons. Greysouthen is divided into two by the local residents – up the went and down the went. The went is a hill directly in the centre of Greysouthen. The village is surrounded by farmland which has a couple of streams running through it. From the centre of Greysouthen it is approximately 3.08 miles to St. Josephs Roman Catholic Church.
There are 7 beaches within 10 miles of Greysouthen, Siddick is the closest around 4.8 Miles away; the second closest is Maryport then Workington, Allonby South, Allonby, Parton and Whitehaven
John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer described Greysouthen in 1870. At this time there was 136 houses, an agricultural implement factory, a Quackers' chapel, a wesleyan chapel and a flex mill.
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Harrington, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°36′52″N 3°34′24″W / 54.614417°N 3.573216°W / 54.614417; -3.573216
Harrington is on the Cumbrian coast south of Workington and north of Whitehaven. Its industrial history, which largely ended in the late 1930s, included an iron works, coal mining, and steel making. It once had five railway stations. It still has one station, on the Cumbrian Coast Line, near the harbour.
Today, with a population of about 3000, it is largely a dormitory town for the employees of the shops and offices and light industry found in Workington and Whitehaven, and also British Nuclear Fuels down the coast at Sellafield.
The parish consists of Harrington itself, High Harrington, and Salterbeck, which is a large housing estate on the Workington side of the parish.
The name Harrington, is derived from three Anglo-Saxon words; Har or Harr (a man's name), ingas (people) and ton (settlement/estate/enclosure). The original settlers were a group of people whose leader called himself Har. The original inhabitants of land would have called themselves Haringas (Har's people) and the settlement Haringa tun (estate of the Haringas). Other local place names with similar origins would be Workington, Distington and Frizington.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Hesket, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°46′N 2°48′W / 54.77°N 2.80°W / 54.77; -2.80
Hesket is a large civil parish in Eden District, Cumbria, England. It was formed in 1934 by a County Review Order which merged the civil parishes of Hesket in the Forest and Plumpton Wall.
Within the parish are the villages and hamlets of High Hesket, Old Town, Low Hesket, Aiketgate, Armathwaite, Plumpton, Plumpton Street, Plumpton Foot, Ivegill (part), Calthwaite, Petteril Green, Southwaite, Morton and Thiefside. (The settlement of Plumpton Head is within the neighbouring unparished area of Penrith.) There are primary schools at Plumpton, Calthwaite, Armathwaite, Ivegill and High Hesket, and roughly half way between High and Low Hesket is a doctor's surgery.
The West Coast Main Line (WCML) and Settle and Carlisle Railway both run through the parish with a station at Armathwaite. At one time there were stations on the WCML at Plumpton, Southwaite and Calthwaite. The M6 motorway and the A6 road run parallel to each other through the parish with a motorway service area at Southwaite.
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Hethersgill
Hethersgill is a village and a civil parish in the City of Carlisle district, in the county of Cumbria, England. Hethersgill has a church called St Mary's Church. In 2001 the population of the civil parish of Hethersgill was 382.
Media related to Hethersgill at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 54°59′47″N 2°49′02″W / 54.9964°N 2.8171°W / 54.9964; -2.8171
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Hunsonby
Coordinates: 54°42′50″N 2°39′04″W / 54.714°N 2.651°W / 54.714; -2.651
Hunsonby is a hamlet and civil parish in the Eden Valley in the English county of Cumbria, about 8 miles (13 km) east of Penrith. Hunsonby more or less forms a combined settlement with Winskill.
The civil parish of Hunsonby was formed in 1934 from a merger of the two parishes of Hunsonby and Winskill; and Little Salkeld, which were formed in 1866 out of the ecclesialastical and former civil parish of Addingham.
Within the parish is the ancient stone circle of Long Meg and Her Daughters but not the nearby standing stone of Little Meg.
Media related to Hunsonby at Wikimedia Commons
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Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire ( /ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər/ or /ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district within the administrative area of Cambridgeshire, covering the area around Huntingdon. Historically, it was one of the Administrative counties of England until 1974. It includes St Ives, Godmanchester, St Neots, and Ramsey.
The area corresponding to modern Huntingdonshire was first delimited in Saxon times, and the modern boundaries have remained largely unchanged since the 10th century.
In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888 Huntingdonshire became an administrative county, with the new County Council taking over administrative functions from the Quarter Sessions. The area in the north of the county forming part of the municipal borough of Peterborough became instead part of the Soke of Peterborough administrative county, in Northamptonshire.
In 1965, under a recommendation of the Local Government Commission for England, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough - the Lieutenancy county was also merged. Also at this time St Neots expanded westward over the river into Eaton Ford and Eaton Socon in Bedfordshire.
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Hutton in the Forest
Hutton in the Forest is a country house in the historic county of Cumberland, which now forms part of the modern county of Cumbria, England. It has belonged to the Fletcher-Vane family, latterly the Barons Inglewood, since 1605.
Hutton-in-the-Forest was originally a medieval stronghold and the Pele tower survives. Succeeding generations have altered and added to the house and both the outside and inside show a wide range of decorative styles from the seventeenth century to the present day. The gallery, a rare feature in the North of England, dates from the 1630s and contains early furniture and portraits. The hall, built in 1680, is dominated by the Cupid Staircase, which leads to a suite of mid-18th century rooms, including the Cupid Room. The drawing room dates from about 1830, the library from 1870, and Lady Darlington's Room is decorated in the arts and crafts style.
The Walled Garden, built in the 1730s, houses a large collection of herbaceous plants. The terraces were originally laid out in the 17th century. The woodland walk contains a 17th century dovecote.
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Hutton John
Coordinates: 54°37′59″N 2°52′26″W / 54.633°N 2.874°W / 54.633; -2.874
Hutton is a small civil parish about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Penrith in the English county of Cumbria. The parish contains the small mansion and former pele tower of Hutton John, the seat of the Hudleston family.
The parish was created in 1934 from the merger of Hutton John and Hutton Soil parishes, both of which were formerly part of the original ecclesiastical and civil parish of Greystoke. The parish also includes the larger village of Penruddock and the hamlets of Troutbeck and Beckces. Whitbarrow holiday village is also within the parish. Administratively, Hutton forms part of Eden District.
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Hutton Roof, Eden
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Hutton Soil
Coordinates: 54°37′59″N 2°52′26″W / 54.633°N 2.874°W / 54.633; -2.874
Hutton is a small civil parish about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Penrith in the English county of Cumbria. The parish contains the small mansion and former pele tower of Hutton John, the seat of the Hudleston family.
The parish was created in 1934 from the merger of Hutton John and Hutton Soil parishes, both of which were formerly part of the original ecclesiastical and civil parish of Greystoke. The parish also includes the larger village of Penruddock and the hamlets of Troutbeck and Beckces. Whitbarrow holiday village is also within the parish. Administratively, Hutton forms part of Eden District.
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Irish Sea
The Irish Sea (Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann,Scottish Gaelic: Muir Èireann or Muir Mhanainn,Manx: Mooir Vannin or Y Keayn Yernagh,Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Scots: Erse Sea) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Atlantic Ocean in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.
The sea is of significant economic importance to regional trade, shipping and transport, fishing, and power generation in the form of wind power and nuclear plants. Annual traffic between Great Britain and Ireland amounts to over 12 million passengers and 17 million tonnes of traded goods.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Irish Sea (with St George's Channel) as follows:
On the North. The Southern limit of the Scottish Seas [or Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland, defined as "a line joining the South extreme of the Mull of Galloway (54°38'N) in Scotland and Ballyquintin Point (54°20'N) in Ireland"].
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Irthington
Irthington is a village and civil parish within the City of Carlisle district in Cumbria, England, situated to the north-east of Carlisle Lake District Airport. Irthington derives its name from the nearby river Irthing.
It lies close to, if not on, the line of the Roman Stanegate road which ran from Corbridge (Coria) west to Carlisle (Luguvalium)
Some of the building stone used in the south wall of the church chancel is thought to come from Hadrian's Wall which runs less than 1 km to the northwest of the village.
Coordinates: 54°56′46″N 2°47′06″W / 54.946°N 2.785°W / 54.946; -2.785
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Isel, Cumbria
Isel is a dispersed settlement, in the valley of the River Derwent within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria. It is an ecclesiastical parish within the civil parish of Blindcrake. Nearby are the hamlets of Sunderland and Redmain, and the village of Blindcrake.
Isel is a rural community, with a church and several farms ranging from dairy to poultry, but lacking basic local facilities having no shop, public house or post office. It is mentioned in the English folk song "Horn of the Hunter."
Isel Parish Church is dedicated to St Michael and the fabric is chiefly Norman. The church contains two pre-Norman carved stones, one of which is a fragment of a cross. Other buildings of interest are the old hall (with a pele tower), the ancient bridge of three arches (rebuilt in 1812) and the old vicarage.
Coordinates: 54°41′32″N 3°18′28″W / 54.69217°N 3.30781°W / 54.69217; -3.30781
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Keswick, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°36′00″N 3°07′45″W / 54.5999°N 3.1293°W / 54.5999; -3.1293
Keswick ( /ˈkɛzɨk/ KEZ-ik) is a market town and civil parish within the Borough of Allerdale in Cumbria, England. It had a population of 4,984, according to the 2001 census, and is situated just north of Derwent Water, and a short distance from Bassenthwaite Lake, both in the Lake District National Park. Keswick is on the A66 road linking Workington and Penrith, as well as the A591 road, linking it to Windermere, Kendal and to Carlisle (via the A595 road). It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cumberland.
The town is recorded in the 13th century as Kesewic, meaning 'farm where cheese is made'. The name is from the Old English cese (cheese) with a Scandinavian initial 'k' and wic (special place or dwelling).
Keswick was granted a charter for a market in 1276[citation needed] by Edward I. The market is held every Saturday in the pedestrianised main street in the middle of the town. The marketplace features the Moot Hall which once acted as the town hall but is now a local tourist information office.
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Kirkbride, Cumbria
Kirkbride, Cumbria is a village in Cumbria in the north of England. Significant elements of ancient history are close to Kirkbride including the Kirkbride Roman fort and Hadrian's Wall. Hadrian's Wall in this western reach and the Kirkbride fort were predominantly of turf and timber construction due to the paucity of available stone in this part of western England around the Solway Plain. The earliest recorded history around Kirkbride derives from the Roman occupation period; in 122 AD, the Romans constructed proximate Hadrian's Wall, which incorporated Agricola's Ditch and was made chiefly of turf and timber in the western reaches such as near Kirkbride, such as on the Solway Plain. The wall was designed primarily to prevent entrance by small bands of raiders or unwanted immigration from the north, not as a fighting line for a major invasion according to Johnson.
The former RAF Kirkbride airbase was closed in 1960, serving as a recreational aerodrome since. The officer's mess became a hotel, likewise the hangars found civilian industrial use.
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Kirkoswald, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°45′55″N 2°41′37″W / 54.765183°N 2.693673°W / 54.765183; -2.693673
The village, civil parish and former market town of Kirkoswald lies in the Lower Eden Valley of Cumbria, formerly Cumberland, about 9 miles (14 km) from Penrith. The village is usually referred to locally as KO.
The village's name means Church of St Oswald and the parish church is dedicated to Saint Oswald, King of Northumbria. The church lies on the southern edge of the village overlooking the River Eden close to the bridge which connects Kirkoswald to Lazonby. St Oswald's Church is unique in having a 19th century bell tower on top of the hill 200 yards from the church itself. Parts of the church date from the 12th century, the chancel being added in 1523, when the "College" was founded by Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre and his wife. A sacred spring lies under the nave of the church, and a well is found on the west wall.
One of Kirkoswald's most splendid buildings is the "College", its name recalling the days when St Oswald's Church was a collegiate church. Originally built in 1450 as a Pele Tower it became home to the Fetherstonhaugh family, after dissolution in 1547, who previously lived at Featherstone Castle in Northumberland.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Lanercost
Lanercost is a village in the northern part of Cumbria, England. The settlement is in the civil parish of Burtholme, in the City of Carlisle local government district. Lanercost is known for the presence of Lanercost Priory and its proximity to Hadrian's Wall.
Lanercost Priory was founded in 1165 as an Augustinian house of Canons.
Media related to Lanercost at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 54°58′01″N 02°41′53″W / 54.96694°N 2.69806°W / 54.96694; -2.69806
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Langwathby
Coordinates: 54°41′45″N 2°40′12″W / 54.695938°N 2.670071°W / 54.695938; -2.670071
Langwathby is a village and civil parish in northern Cumbria, England. It is situated about 5 miles (8.0 km) north east of Penrith on the A686 road. The village lies on the banks of the River Eden.
The village is centred around a large village green next to which stands the village pub, post office and village hall. There is a primary school on the road to Little Salkeld.
At Langwathby Hall is the visitor attraction and working ostrich farm called Eden Ostrich World.
The Settle to Carlisle Railway has a station in the village.
The parish includes the nearby village of Edenhall which was a separate parish until 1934.
At Langwathby there is a chicken processing factory, egg packing station and an animal feed mill.
At Barbary Plains just outside Edenhall there was formerly a cement block works formerly owned by Hanson plc but now owned by RMC Group, part of Cemex.
Langwathby can be translated as Long (Lang) ford (wath) village (by), referring to the fording of the River Eden which runs along the edge of the village.
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Laversdale
Laversdale is a village in Cumbria, England, situated to the north of Carlisle Lake District Airport.
Coordinates: 54°57′14″N 2°49′05″W / 54.954°N 2.818°W / 54.954; -2.818
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Lazonby
Coordinates: 54°45′00″N 2°42′12″W / 54.75011°N 2.70333°W / 54.75011; -2.70333
Lazonby is a village and civil parish in the Lower Eden Valley of Cumbria about 8 miles (13 km) north north east of Penrith. The total population of the ward of Lazonby, which also includes the nearby villages of North Dykes, Great Salkeld and Salkeld Dykes, was 1,425 at the time of the 2001 UK Census. This included 1011 people between the ages of 16 and 74, of whom, 675 were in employment.
The village has the following amenities: one church, one chapel, two pubs (The Midland, and the Joiner's Arms), a primary school, retained fire station, a co-operative supermarket and postoffice, livestock auction mart, swimming pool and campsite [1], railway station (part of the Settle-Carlisle line) and the Bells of Lazonby bakery complex. There is also an independent woooden toy shop, Croglin toys & Designs (www.croglindesigns.co.uk) which is located in the old school (approx. 18th century), and an independent petrol station. The village has its own village hall with snooker club, and allotments.
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Leath
Leath was one of the wards of the ancient county of Cumberland in north west England. Cumberland unlike most other English counties was divided into wards rather than hundreds.
The ward was bounded on the south by Westmorland, the north by Cumberland and Eskdale wards, the east by the counties of Northumberland and Durham and on the west by the wards of Allerdale above Derwent and Allerdale below Derwent.
The ward largely corresponds to that part of the modern Eden District that lies within Cumberland that is the former Penrith urban and rural districts and the Alston with Garrigill Rural District.
Market towns in the ward were Penrith (the largest settlement and seat of local government), Kirkoswald and Alston. At one time the village of Greystoke had held markets.
A large part of the ward once made up the main part of the Royal hunting ground known as Inglewood Forest which was subject to Forest Laws up until the reign of Henry VIII.
The manors of Penrith, Langwathby, Castle Sowerby and Great Salkeld were part of the royal estate known as the Honour of Penrith which eventually passed into the hands of the Dukes of Devonshire.
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Leicestershire
Leicestershire (i/ˈlɛstəʃɪər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstəʃə/; abbreviation Leics.) is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire. The county borders Derbyshire to the north-west, Nottinghamshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-east. The border with Warwickshire is Watling Street (the A5).
County Hall, situated in Glenfield, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Leicester city centre, is the seat of Leicestershire County Council and the headquarters of the county authority. The City of Leicester is administered from offices in Leicester itself and the City Council meets at Leicester Town Hall.
The River Soar rises to the east of Hinckley, in the far south of the county, and flows northward through Leicester before emptying into the River Trent at the point where Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire meet. A large part of the north-west of the county, around Coalville, forms part of the new National Forest area extending into Derbyshire and Staffordshire. The highest point of the county is Bardon Hill at 278 metres (912 ft), which is also a Marilyn.
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Lincolnshire
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Lorton, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°37′01″N 3°16′23″W / 54.61699°N 3.27317°W / 54.61699; -3.27317
Lorton is a village in the district of Allerdale, in the English county of Cumbria. Lorton is made up of two small villages - Low Lorton and High Lorton, both of which are nestled at the northern end of the Vale of Lorton surrounded by the mountains such as Grasmoor, Hopegill Head and Whiteside. The village is approximately 4 miles away from Cockermouth, which offers railway links as well as access to the A66 road. Other nearby settlements include Loweswater and Brigham.
Lorton is relatively untouched by tourism, although many tourists pass through on the way to the Buttermere valley. Nevertheless there are a number of hill walks available from Lorton, for instance Hopegill Head can be climbed from High Lorton and Fellbarrow can be climbed from Low Lorton. Tourists are also encouraged to visit the 12th century St. Cuthbert's Church and the 1663 pele tower, which is, however, not open to public. Lorton's Yew Tree remains the village's only tourist attraction.
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Loweswater, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°34′35″N 3°19′47″W / 54.576303°N 3.329651°W / 54.576303; -3.329651
Loweswater is a village and civil parish in the county of Cumbria, England.
The village lies between the Lake District lakes of Loweswater and Crummock Water, about 8 miles (13 km) south of Cockermouth and within the Lake District National Park. It is overlooked by the peak of Mellbreak.
The village church, dedicated to St Bartholomew, was built in 1827, and restored in 1884, although there has been a place of worship in the village since the early 12th century. Near to the church is the popular Kirkstile Inn.
The civil parish of Loweswater covers a considerable area around the village, and is bordered on its eastern side by the western shore of Crummock Water and by the River Cocker. To the north-west, the parish boundary is delineated by the summit of Fellbarrow, before encircling Loweswater lake via Low Fell and the A5086 road. From here, the parish boundary includes a large area of fell to the north and east of the summits of Blake Fell, Gavel Fell, Great Borne, Starling Dodd and Red Pike, before descending to Crummock Water.
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Matterdale
Coordinates: 54°35′53″N 2°52′55″W / 54.598°N 2.882°W / 54.598; -2.882
Matterdale is a civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England. It has a population of 526.
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Melmerby, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°43′52″N 2°35′58″W / 54.73100°N 2.59937°W / 54.73100; -2.59937
Melmerby is a village in Cumbria, England. It is a small village with a population of around 200.[citation needed] It is relatively quiet because the area is not as popular with tourists as other parts of Cumbria. The River Eden is bridged about 4 miles (6.4 km) away at Langwathby, and Long Meg and Her Daughters, the 3,500 year old stone circle—the second largest in the country—is nearby at Little Salkeld.
For the purposes of local government Melmerby is within the civil parish of Ousby, informally known as Ousby and Melmerby, in the District of Eden.
Melmerby is supposed to have taken its name from the residence of Melmor, a Dane who lived nearby in the 9th century. The most significant historic buildings surviving in the village today are the 13th century church of St John the Baptist and the Grade II Listed Melmerby Hall, begun as a defensive structure in the early 14th century. A Petition received by Edward II between 1320 and 1326 reads:
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Middlesex
Middlesex ( /ˈmɪdəlsɛks/; abbreviated Middx) is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time. The county was significantly affected by the expansion of the metropolitan area of London in both the 18th and 19th centuries, such that from 1855 the south-east was administered as part of the metropolis. When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 about 20% of the area of Middlesex, along with a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London, and the remainder formed a smaller county, in the north-west, under the control of Middlesex County Council.
In the interwar years urban London had further expanded, with increasing suburbanisation, improvement and expansion of public transport, and the setting up of new industries outside the inner London area. After the Second World War, the population of the County of London and inner Middlesex was in steady decline, with new population growth only experienced in the outer suburbs. After a Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, almost all of the original area was incorporated into an enlarged Greater London in 1965, with small parts transferred to neighbouring Hertfordshire and Surrey. Despite the disappearance of the county council, Middlesex is still used as an area name and was retained as a postal county; which is now an optional component of postal addresses.
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Millom
Coordinates: 54°12′35″N 3°16′13″W / 54.20964°N 3.27019°W / 54.20964; -3.27019
Millom is a town and civil parish on the estuary of the River Duddon in the southwest of Cumbria, England. The name is Cumbrian dialect for "At the mills". The town is accessible both by rail and an A class road. Historically within Cumberland, the parish had a population of 7,132 in 2001 and is divided into four wards, Holborn Hill, Newtown North, Newtown South and Haverigg.
Millom is mentioned in the Domesday Book as one of the townships forming the Manor of Hougun held by Earl Tostig.
Millom Castle is now a grade I listed building and scheduled ancient monument. It is the ruins of a former castle or moated manor house which was given a licence to crenellate in 1335. The great tower dates from the 16th or 17th century and is now a farmhouse. The castle was built by Godard de Boyvill, owner of the Manor of Millum, but it came into the Hudleston family's ownership when de Boyvill's granddaughter married John Hudleston. By 1739 the castle walls were in dilapidated condition.
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Moresby, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°33′36″N 3°33′04″W / 54.560°N 3.551°W / 54.560; -3.551
Moresby is a small village and civil parish in the Borough of Copeland in Cumbria, England. It had a population of 1,280 at the 2001 census. Moresby sits on Cumbria's west coast. Moresby contains Moresby Hall which is one of only three Grade I listed buildings in Copeland. The name of the hall and the village is thought to come from a family who settled in the area.
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Mungrisdale
Coordinates: 54°39′47″N 2°59′20″W / 54.663°N 2.989°W / 54.663; -2.989
Mungrisdale is a small village and civil parish in the north east of the English Lake District in Cumbria. It is also the name of the valley in which the village sits. Mungrisdale is a popular starting point for ascents of the nearby hills, such as Bowscale Fell, Bannerdale Crags and Souther Fell.
Mungrisdale has no local amenities except for a pub. The parish has a population of 284.
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Nether Denton
Nether Denton is a scattered settlement and civil parish in rural Cumbria, situated about 12 miles (19 km) north-east of Carlisle, by the A69 road.
St. Cuthbert's Church at Nether Denton is built at the site of a Roman fort, around 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of Hadrian's Wall on the Stanegate road. The present building dates from 1868-70, but there has been a church on the site since the 12th century. Denton Hall, now a farmhouse, comprises a 14th century pele tower, gabled and reduced in height, adjoining a house of 1829. The walls of the tower are 2m thick.
Coordinates: 54°57′40″N 2°37′16″W / 54.9611°N 2.6211°W / 54.9611; -2.6211
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Newton Reigny
Coordinates: 54°40′N 2°48′W / 54.667°N 2.8°W / 54.667; -2.8 Newton Reigny is a village in the Eden District, in the English county of Cumbria, near the town of Penrith.
Media related to Newton Reigny at Wikimedia Commons
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Northamptonshire
Coordinates: 52°17′N 0°50′W / 52.283°N 0.833°W / 52.283; -0.833
Northamptonshire ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the East Midlands region of England. Its population is 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd). The county seat is Northampton. Other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry.
Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip[citation needed].
Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃɪər/; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent.
The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes.
As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation (which continues into Derbyshire). The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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Papcastle
Coordinates: 54°40′08″N 3°23′06″W / 54.669°N 3.385°W / 54.669; -3.385
Papcastle is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale in the English county of Cumbria. The village is now effectively a northern extension of Cockermouth, which lies to the south of the River Derwent. It has its own parish council and lies within Bridekirk Parish for Church of England purposes. It has a population of 406, which is slowly declining.[citation needed]
Remains of a Roman fort (or forts), Derventio, were discovered in the village and were the subject of the television programme Time Team in 1999. The name of Papcastle is said to be a compound formed from Old Norse and Old English papi+cæster, meaning 'the Roman fort inhabited by a hermit'.
Belle Vue Village Hall was built as a reading room for men only in 1895, donated by local resident, Honora Wybergh, who lived at The Mount, a large house now demolished to make way for the modern Mount housing estate. Originally run by trustees, a new management scheme set up in 1940 by the Charity Commission is still in force. The Hall is run by the Council of Management (Trustees).
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Penrith, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°39′53″N 2°45′17″W / 54.6648°N 2.7548°W / 54.6648; -2.7548
Penrith is a market town and unparished area in the county of Cumbria, England. It is in the Eden Valley, just north of the River Eamont, and lies less than 3 miles (5 km) outside the boundaries of the Lake District National Park. Other local rivers bounding the town are the River Lowther and the River Petteril. A partially man-made watercourse, known as Thacka Beck, flowing through the centre of the town, connects the Rivers Petteril and Eamont. For many centuries, the Beck provided the town with its main water supply.
Historically a part of Cumberland, the local authority is Eden District Council, which is based in the town. Penrith was formerly the seat of both Penrith Urban and Rural District Councils. Penrith has no town council of its own, and is an unparished area.
It is generally accepted that the name Penrith is of Cumbric origin, though the exact etymology of the name has been debated.
Several toponymists, favour a derivation from the local equivalents to the Welsh pen 'head, chief' (both noun and adjective) + rhyd 'ford'. On this basis the name would therefore mean 'chief ford' or 'hill ford'.
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Plumpton, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°43′38″N 2°46′55″W / 54.727316°N 2.781814°W / 54.727316; -2.781814
Plumpton is a small village about 4 miles (6 km) north of Penrith, Cumbria.
The village is made up of the former separate hamlets of Salkeld Gate and Brockleymoor and consists mainly of houses along a minor road connecting the A6 to the B5305 near Skelton and also a few houses and farms along the A6 itself.
Close by are the settlements of Plumpton Head, Plumpton Foot and Plumpton Street.
The village has an Anglican church, (St. John's, primary school and a general stores cum post office. There is an hourly bus service to Penrith and Carlisle.
Plumpton railway station was opened by the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway on 17 December 1846. It lay on the West Coast Main Line but after ownership by the London and North Western Railway and the London Midland and Scottish Railway it was closed by British Railways on 31 May 1948 soon after nationalisation.
Plumpton is within the civil parish of Hesket but was from 1866 to 1934 a separate parish under the name of Plumpton Wall. Before that it was a chapelry or township of Lazonby parish.
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Renwick, Cumbria
Renwick, formerly known as Ravenwick, is a small village in the English county of Cumbria. It forms part of the civil parish of Kirkoswald in the District of Eden. Renwick is located north east of Penrith between the A686 and B6413 roads.
One mile south-east of the village in the hamlet of Haresceugh are the fragmentary remains of Haresceugh Castle, the site of which is now occupied by a farmhouse. Two sections of walling remain from the castle. There are no amenities in Renwick,the nearest facilities are in Kirkoswald. Renwick is a small, close-knit community and has a active farm.
Media related to Renwick, Cumbria at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 54°47′00″N 02°37′40″W / 54.7833333°N 2.62778°W / 54.7833333; -2.62778
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River Duddon
The Duddon is a river of north-west England. It rises at a point 1,289 feet (393 m) above sea level near the Three Shire Stone at the highest point of Wrynose Pass (grid reference NY277028). The river descends to the sea over a course of about 15 miles (24 km) before entering the Irish Sea at the Duddon Sands. For its entire length the Duddon forms the boundary between the historic counties of Lancashire and Cumberland. Since local government re-organisation in 1974 the Duddon has been in the county of Cumbria.
The catchment area of the River Duddon includes a substantial part of the south-western Lake District fells, including the eastern slopes of Corney Fell, Ulpha Fell and Harter Fell; the southern slopes of the mountains around the head of Langdale, and the western slopes of Dunnerdale and Seathwaite Fells.
From its source the Duddon falls rapidly over a distance of two miles (3.2 km) to Cockley Beck at the head of Dunnerdale. Close to the hamlet of Seathwaite the Tarn Beck from Seathwaite Tarn is subsumed. The river then takes a south-westerly direction to Ulpha Bridge. Passing under the Duddon Valley road, the river assumes a southerly course to Duddon Bridge where it is crossed by the A595 trunk road. After about a mile (1.6 km) the Duddon becomes tidal as it opens into the Duddon Estuary between Furness and south-west Cumberland.
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River Eamont
The River Eamont is a river in Cumbria, England and one of the major tributaries of the River Eden.
The river is formed by the outflow from Ullswater in the Lake District, later augmented by Dacre Beck from the west and the River Lowther which carries the water from Haweswater north to the Eamont at Penrith. It reaches the Eden 3 miles east of Penrith.
Coordinates: 54°40′N 2°37′W / 54.667°N 2.617°W / 54.667; -2.617
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River Irthing
The River Irthing is a river in Cumbria, England and a major tributary of the River Eden.
Rising in the hills around Paddaburn Moor in Border Forest Park, for the first 15 miles of its journey south it defines the border between Northumberland and Cumbria. After passing Butterburn Flow raised bog, the river flows over the ten-metre high Crammel Linn waterfall in a sandstone gorge. At Gilsland Spa, a sulphurous spring oozes out of the gorge walls. Chalybeate and petrifying springs are also characteristic of the local geology and are found on the Irthing's banks.
The River Irthing marked a significant transition in construction of Hadrian's Wall, between the limestone to the east and sandstone to the west. Hadrian's Wall crossed the river on a bridge at Willowford, east of Birdoswald Roman Fort. The fort is situated above a steep gorge carved by the river from the deep glacial till overlying the area. From that point its course as it turns west is lined with other Roman sites associated with the Roman Stanegate road and Hadrian's Wall,
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River Tees
The River Tees is in northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines, and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar near to Middlesbrough.
It drains an area of 708 square miles (1834 square km) and subsumes no important tributaries. Before the reorganization of the historic English counties, the river formed the boundary between County Durham and Yorkshire. In its lower reaches it now forms the boundary between the ceremonial counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire, while in the highest part of its course it forms the boundary between the historic counties of Westmorland and Durham. The head of the valley, whose upper portion is known as Teesdale, has a desolate grandeur, surrounded by hills, some exceeding 2500 feet (762 m), and bleak moorland. This area is part of the North Pennine Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, recently designated a geological Europark, the first in the UK. In the headwaters is the Cow Green Reservoir constructed to store water to be released in dry conditions to supoport industrial need for water on Teesside.
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Rockcliffe, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°56′00″N 2°59′00″W / 54.93333°N 2.98333°W / 54.93333; -2.98333
Rockcliffe is a village and civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. Part of the parish is a marshy peninsula between the mouths of the rivers Esk and Eden. The parish includes the villages of Rockcliffe, Rockcliffe Cross, Floristonrigg, Todhills, Low Harker and Harker.
Rockcliffe formerly had a railway station, on the Caledonian Railway Main Line, that closed in 1965. The parish has its own pub named 'The Crown and Thistle Inn'. The telephone code in Rockcliffe is 01228 which is the same as Carlisle.
Rockcliffe's past has included warfare (Scottish raiders and a castle in 16th century), smuggling (salt and whisky from Scotland), commercial port (extensive wharfs and quays for timber and Welsh slates) and ship building (18th century), by nature of its position at the mouth of the Eden River on the edge of the Solway.
Rockcliffe does not mean 'cliff by rocks' as many might think. The name means 'red cliff', implying a sandstone cliff-face. The name is from Old Norse rauŏr meaning "red" and Old English clif for "cliff", similar to Radcliffe in Greater Manchester. Historical records show the spelling of the parish has changed over time. 'Rowcliffe' was the spelling in the seventeenth century, but changed to 'Rockcliff' in the 1870s. The 1880s saw another change of the spelling, this time it became 'Rockcliffe', which remains to date.
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Roxburghshire
Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Rosbroig) is a registration county of Scotland. It borders Dumfries to the west, Selkirk to the north-west, and Berwick to the north. To the south-east it borders Cumbria and Northumberland in England.
It was named after the Royal Burgh of Roxburgh. Roxburghshire is now within the Scottish Borders council area.
Until 1975, Roxburghshire was one of the counties of Scotland, governed by a county council from 1890. The county council was based in Newtown St Boswells. At the time of the county's abolition it contained four burghs and four districts:
The ancient royal burgh of Roxburgh, from which the county had taken its name, had fallen into decay by the fifteenth century.
The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 abolished the county and incorporated its area into the Borders Region. Borders was divided into four districts, one of which was named Roxburgh. Roxburgh District consisted of the former county less the Melrose area (which was included in Ettrick and Lauderdale District), plus the parish of Nenthorn from Berwickshire. The regional and four district councils were abolished in 1996, merging to form the present Scottish Borders council area.
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Scaleby
Coordinates: 54°58′19″N 2°50′32″W / 54.9718945°N 2.8423035°W / 54.9718945; -2.8423035
Scaleby is a small parish in the district of Cumbria. It is bounded on the north by Kirklington and Irthington; whilst bounded by Starwix and Crosby-upon-Eden. Scaleby is located six miles north-east of the City of Carlisle, the nearest major city, and has a population of 349 . Scaleby is located close to the M6 motorway making it relatively accessible to anyone interested in its' two main attractions; Scaleby Castle and The Church Of All Saints, the former having many links with coveted names through history.
Scaleby has seen a significant decrease in population since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th Century's. In the 1821 Census report the population of Scaleby was 618 compared to 2001 when this figure was a significantly lower 349 . As Britain moved away from its' traditionally agricultural industry Scaleby's population decreased simultaneously. The parish was always agriculturally based with peat once dug in the area and without the demand for primary products the village became unsustainable. In the 1831 Census report the three dominant industries in Scaleby were; Retail and Handicrafts; Agricultural Laborers and Non-Agricultural Laborers . It was due to this that Scaleby saw the level of migration it did. Workers were plying their trade elsewhere. More recently their has been far smaller variance in population. In the previous 20 years there had been an increase of 3% and even more recently; the previous 10 years there has been a decrease of roughly 1% . Scaleby also experienced a decline in housing between 1850 and 1930, decreasing from 122 to 87 showing again how this small villages economy struggled to get out of decline it found itself in. With the vast amounts of farmland available in the 3464 acres that spans Scaleby-East and Scaleby-West agriculture remains the number one industry for this struggling parish.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Sebergham
Sebergham is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Cumbria. It is located on the B5305, south of Carlisle and south-east of Wigton.
St. Mary's church is medieval in origin, repaired in the 18th century and with a tower added in the 1820s. It is a Grade II* listed building and lies on the Cumbria Way walk. Sebergham Bridge dates from 1689 and Bell Bridge from 1772: both are Grade II listed.
Sebergham Castle is a farmhouse, formerly known as Colerigg Hall, transformed into a Gothick folly in the late eighteenth century. A mile to the south-west of the village is Warnell Hall, a fortified house which is now a farmhouse. It was built in the 16th century incorporating part of a 14th century pele tower.
Coordinates: 54°45′59″N 2°59′22″W / 54.766261°N 2.989483°W / 54.766261; -2.989483
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Skirwith
Skirwith is a village in the English county of Cumbria.
Skirwith is seven miles from Penrith in a generally north-easterly direction, on a minor road about a mile from Blencarn. Just to the south are remains of a priory, now incorporated in farm buildings.
Notable residents of Skirwith include the Franciscan John Bradburne.
Coordinates: 54°41′N 2°35′W / 54.68°N 2.59°W / 54.68; -2.59
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Solway Firth
The Solway Firth is a firth that forms part of the border between England and Scotland, between Cumbria (including the Solway Plain) and Dumfries and Galloway. It stretches from St Bees Head, just south of Whitehaven in Cumbria, to the Mull of Galloway, on the western end of Dumfries and Galloway. The Isle of Man is also very near to the firth. The firth comprises part of the Irish Sea.
The coastline is characterised by lowland hills and small mountains. It is a mainly rural area with fishing and hill farming (as well as some arable farming) still playing a large part in the local economy, although tourism is increasing. It has also been used for the location of films such as The Wicker Man (starring Edward Woodward), which was filmed around Kirkcudbright.
The Solway Coast was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1964. Construction of Robin Rigg Wind Farm began in the firth in 2007.
The water itself is generally benign with no notable hazards excepting some large areas of salt and mud flats, which often contain dangerous patches of quicksand that move frequently. It is recommended[by whom?] that visitors do not attempt to navigate them without expert guidance.
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Somerset
The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset (i/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ or /ˈsʌmərsɨt/) in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. Its traditional northern border is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor unitary authorities to the north. Somerset's county town, Taunton, is in the south.
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Palaeolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.
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St Bees
St Bees is a village and civil parish in the Copeland district of Cumbria, in the North of England, on the Irish Sea coast about five miles west southwest of Whitehaven. The parish had a population of 1,717 according to the 2001 census. Within the parish is St. Bees Head, the most westerly point of Northern England upon which stands St Bees Lighthouse.
St Bees has a Norman priory, an Elizabethan school and is a popular holiday destination. The famous Wainwright Coast to Coast Walk starts from the north end of the large sandy beach south of St Bees Head which is within easy walking distance of the main village centre.
St Bees Head is the only major sea cliff between Wales and Scotland, is the only Heritage Coastline in Cumbria, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and is the spectacular location of the largest seabird colony in north-west England.
Evidence of Mesolithic and Bronze Age habitation has been found in St Bees, but nothing of the Roman occupation.
The name St Bees is a corruption of the Norse name for the village, which is given in the earliest charter of the Priory as "Kyrkeby becok", which can be translated as the "Church town of Bega", relating to the local Saint Bega. She was said to be an Irish princess who fled across the Irish Sea to St Bees to avoid an enforced marriage. Carved stones at the priory show that Irish-Norse Vikings settled here in the 10th century.
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Staffield
Coordinates: 54°45′55″N 2°41′37″W / 54.765183°N 2.693673°W / 54.765183; -2.693673
The village, civil parish and former market town of Kirkoswald lies in the Lower Eden Valley of Cumbria, formerly Cumberland, about 9 miles (14 km) from Penrith. The village is usually referred to locally as KO.
The village's name means Church of St Oswald and the parish church is dedicated to Saint Oswald, King of Northumbria. The church lies on the southern edge of the village overlooking the River Eden close to the bridge which connects Kirkoswald to Lazonby. St Oswald's Church is unique in having a 19th century bell tower on top of the hill 200 yards from the church itself. Parts of the church date from the 12th century, the chancel being added in 1523, when the "College" was founded by Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre and his wife. A sacred spring lies under the nave of the church, and a well is found on the west wall.
One of Kirkoswald's most splendid buildings is the "College", its name recalling the days when St Oswald's Church was a collegiate church. Originally built in 1450 as a Pele Tower it became home to the Fetherstonhaugh family, after dissolution in 1547, who previously lived at Featherstone Castle in Northumberland.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Stapleton, Cumbria
Coordinates: 55°02′01″N 2°46′43″W / 55.0337°N 2.7785°W / 55.0337; -2.7785
Stapleton is a village and a civil parish in the City of Carlisle district, in the county of Cumbria, in the North West of England. It falls under this jurisdiction of Cumbria County Council and is still, to this day, a Parish.
Stapleton is located around 8 miles away from Longtown and around 12 miles away from Carlisle. Stapleton is located just east of the B6318, its nearest main road, and around 12 miles away from the M6 motorway, one of the major motorways in the United Kingdom. The nearest railway stations are Brampton (Cumbria) railway station which is around 7 miles away and is operated by Northern Rail and is on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway.
According to the 2001 UK Census there are 87 households in the Parish of Stapleton, with a population of 221 people. Making it an extremely small Parish. In 1991, the population of Stapleton was 230 people. This means the population has decreased around 4.5% in the past 10 years. This is slower than the population decrease in England has a whole, which is thought to be around 8% every 10 years. However the overall decrease in the English population is the underlying reason for a reduction in small Parish's populations. In 1851 UK Census the population of Stapleton was recorded as 1119 people, this is the highest recorded population of the Parish, and in the next UK census, in 1881 the Parish's population had dropped significantly, to 372 people.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Threlkeld
Coordinates: 54°37′09″N 3°03′05″W / 54.61917°N 3.05148°W / 54.61917; -3.05148
Threlkeld is a village and civil parish in the north of the Lake District in Cumbria, England, to the east of Keswick. It lies at the southern foot of Blencathra, one of the more prominent fells in the northern Lake District, and to the north of the River Glenderamackin.
Historically a part of Cumberland, Threlkeld formerly had its own railway station on the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway, on the opposite side of the valley, next to the (closed) Threlkeld Quarry, at the foot of Clough Head. Today the railway line is a footpath and cycle track. Three rows of terraced houses, which used to accommodate the quarry workers, stand near the station. The Threlkeld Quarry and Mining Museum and a small centre for light business have opened nearby.
Two pubs are located opposite each other in the village: The Salutation and the Horse and Farrier. There is also a newsagent, and a small church, St Mary's, in the village.
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Upper Denton
Upper Denton is a small village and civil parish in the north of Cumbria, England about 1 km north of the A69 road linking Haltwhistle and Brampton. The village is situated on the line of the Roman Stanegate which ran from Corbridge (Coria) to Carlisle (Luguvalium). Just 1 km to the north across the river Irthing is Birdoswald fort on Hadrian's Wall. Nearby villages include Gilsland, Greenhead and Lanercost.
Coordinates: 54°58′54″N 2°36′06″W / 54.98171°N 2.60154°W / 54.98171; -2.60154
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Walton, Cumbria
Coordinates: 54°58′19″N 2°44′59″W / 54.9719°N 2.7498°W / 54.9719; -2.7498
Walton remains an unspoiled part of England and has a historic background as the course of Hadrian's Wall skirts the village to its south. In the past, Walton comprised two separate townships; Low Walton and High Walton. However Low Walton and High Walton have now combined to create a single area.
William Ford[who?] mentions Walton in his writing when travelling around the Lake District. He writes "the village of Walton, on the line of the wall, as it's name denominates..." It is now believed that the name Walton comes from the settlement/farmstead of Wealas - native Celts described by the Anglo-Saxon speaking peoples. There is strong evidence that in many areas of England taken over by Germanic speaking settlers, the native British (Wealas) remained undisturbed, farming the same land they did when the Romans left.
Many historical maps exist, which have been produced by various different Cartographers which show Walton. The majority of these maps refer to Walton as "Waleton." These historical maps include;
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Warwick, Cumbria
Warwick-on-Eden is a small village in the City of Carlisle District of the county of Cumbria, England.
It is located on the River Eden and also near the River Irthing and is on the A69 road about seven miles from Carlisle and about seven miles from Brampton.
Other nearby settlements include the villages of Wetheral, Warwick Bridge, Scotby and Aglionby.
Warwick-on-Eden has a place of worship called St Leonard's Church.
Coordinates: 54°54′04″N 2°50′07″W / 54.9011°N 2.8354°W / 54.9011; -2.8354
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
wn.com/Warwickshire -
West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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Westlinton
Coordinates: 54°58′16″N 2°56′53″W / 54.971°N 2.948°W / 54.971; -2.948
Westlinton (or West Linton) is a small village and civil parish in Cumbria, England. It is in the City of Carlisle district, and is located north of Carlisle, on the A7 road between Carlisle and Longtown. In the south of the parish, and also on the A7, is another small village, Blackford. In the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 359. North of the village of Westlinton is the River Lyne, which forms the northern boundary of the parish.
Media related to Westlinton at Wikimedia Commons
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Wetheral
Coordinates: 54°53′N 2°50′W / 54.88°N 2.83°W / 54.88; -2.83
Wetheral is a village and civil parish in Cumbria, England. The village serves mostly as a dormitory town for nearby Carlisle. As of the 2001 census, the population of the Wetheral Ward is 4,039. The civil parish of Wetheral is slightly larger, with a population of 5,203. Along with nearby Scotby, Wetheral is one of the most affluent villages in North Cumbria.
Wetheral stands high on a bank overlooking a gorge in the River Eden. Parts of the riverbank here are surrounded by ancient woodlands, including Wetheral Woods, owned by the National Trust. Formerly a small ferryboat operated to the village of Great Corby on the opposite bank, and an iron ring can still be found attached to the rocks on the Great Corby side of the river where the ferry would tie up.
The Newcastle to Carlisle Railway has a station here at the west end of Corby Bridge (popularly known as 'Wetheral Viaduct') over the Eden which acts also as a footbridge connecting with Great Corby. The station was closed during the Beeching cuts in 1967, but was reopened in 1981. In 1836 one of the very earliest railway accidents happened close to Wetheral station.
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Whicham
wn.com/Whicham -
Whitehaven
Coordinates: 54°32′53″N 3°35′08″W / 54.5480°N 3.5855°W / 54.5480; -3.5855
Whitehaven is a small town and port on the coast of Cumbria, England, which lies equidistant between the county's two largest settlements, Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness, and is served by the Cumbrian Coast Line and the A595 road. It is the administrative centre of the Borough of Copeland, and an unparished area.
Located on the west coast of the county, outside the Lake District National Park, Whitehaven includes a number of former villages, estates and suburbs, such as Mirehouse, Kells, and Hensingham.
The major industry is the nearby Sellafield nuclear complex, with which a large proportion of the population has links.
Although there was a Roman fort at Parton, around 1.2 miles (1.9 km) to the north, there is no evidence of a Roman settlement on the site of the present town of Whitehaven.
The area was settled by Irish-Norse Vikings in the tenth century. The area name of Copeland, which includes Whitehaven, indicates that the land was purchased from the Kingdom of Strathclyde, possibly with loot from Ireland.
wn.com/Whitehaven -
Wigton
Coordinates: 54°49′23″N 3°09′32″W / 54.823°N 3.159°W / 54.823; -3.159
Wigton is a small market town and civil parish outside the Lake District, in the administrative county of Cumbria in England, and traditionally in Cumberland. It is the bustling and thriving centre of the Solway Plain, situated between the Caldbeck Fells and the Solway coast. It is served by Wigton railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line, and the A596 road to Workington and (via the A595 road) to Carlisle.
On the Wiza and Wampool becks (dialect word meaning "brook" or "stream" - from the Old Norse bekkr), the Market town of Wigton is an ancient settlement and evolved from a pre-medieval street plan, which can still be traced today.
The Romans had a cavalry station, Maglona, known locally as "Old Carlisle", just to the south of the town with a large Vicus (civilian settlement) associated with it. Wigton was in existence by 1100AD[citation needed] when it became a Norman barony gaining its market charter in 1262[citation needed] Although the town's layout is generally medieval, its architectural style is Georgian which remains largely intact.
wn.com/Wigton -
Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
wn.com/Wiltshire -
Winskill
Coordinates: 54°42′50″N 2°39′04″W / 54.714°N 2.651°W / 54.714; -2.651
Hunsonby is a hamlet and civil parish in the Eden Valley in the English county of Cumbria, about 8 miles (13 km) east of Penrith. Hunsonby more or less forms a combined settlement with Winskill.
The civil parish of Hunsonby was formed in 1934 from a merger of the two parishes of Hunsonby and Winskill; and Little Salkeld, which were formed in 1866 out of the ecclesialastical and former civil parish of Addingham.
Within the parish is the ancient stone circle of Long Meg and Her Daughters but not the nearby standing stone of Little Meg.
Media related to Hunsonby at Wikimedia Commons
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Worcestershire
Worcestershire (i/ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər or /ˈwʊstərʃɪər/ WUUS-tər-sheer ; abbreviated Worcs) is a non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands of England. In 1974, it merged with the neighbouring county of Herefordshire to form Hereford and Worcester. This was divided in 1998, re-establishing Worcestershire as a county. The Malvern Hills forms the east–west border between the two counties, with the exception of West Malvern in Worcestershire.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills and the spa town of Malvern. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds; to the east is Warwickshire. There are two major rivers flowing through the county, the Severn and the Avon.
The cathedral city of Worcester is the largest settlement and administrative seat of the county, which includes the principal settlements of Bromsgrove, Stourport-on-Severn, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, Malvern, and the largest town, Redditch, and a number of smaller towns such as Pershore, Tenbury Wells and Upton upon Severn. The north of the county includes part of the industrial West Midlands conurbation while the south of the county is largely rural. The average salary is £20,300.
wn.com/Worcestershire -
Workington
Coordinates: 54°38′11″N 3°33′18″W / 54.6365°N 3.5549°W / 54.6365; -3.5549
Workington is a town, civil parish and port on the west coast of Cumbria, England, at the mouth of the River Derwent. Lying within the Borough of Allerdale, Workington is 32 miles (51.5 km) southwest of Carlisle, 7 miles (11.3 km) west of Cockermouth, and 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Maryport. It has a population of 24,121.
Historically a part of Cumberland, the area around Workington has long been a producer of coal, steel and high-grade iron ore.
Workington is the seat of Allerdale Borough Council, which is one of three borough councils in Cumbria. Tony Cunningham is the local MP for the constituency of the same name that includes other towns in the hinterland of Workington.
Historically a part of Cumberland, the area around Workington has long been a producer of coal, steel and high grade iron ore.
Between 79AD and 122AD, Roman forts, mile-forts and watchtowers were established down the Cumbrian coast. They acted as coastal defences against attacks by the Scoti in Ireland and by the Caledonii, the most powerful tribe in what we now call Scotland. The 16th century book, Britannia, written by William Camden describes ruins of the coastal defences at Workington.'
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Wreay
St Cuthbert Without or simply St Cuthbert is a civil parish within the City of Carlisle in Cumbria, England.
The parish lies immediately to the south of Carlisle itself and comprises the following settlements - Blackwell, Durdar, Carleton, Brisco and Wreay (the first three are usually regarded as outlying parts of Carlisle, although were not part of the former county borough of Carlisle). According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,043.
The civil parish was formed in 1866 and has seen various boundary changes during its existence, mostly due to the expansion of Carlisle, although the former separate parish of Wreay was absorbed in 1934.
The parish is named after St Cuthbert's Church in Carlisle city centre. The "Without" part of the name means this was the part of the ecclesiastical parish of St Cuthbert's that was outside the city boundary or walls. The original civil parish of Carlisle St Cuthbert was split in 1866 to form St Cuthbert Without and St Cuthbert Within - the latter of which became part of a merged Carlisle civil parish in 1904.
wn.com/Wreay -
Wrynose Pass
The Wrynose Pass is a mountain pass in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England between the Duddon Valley and Little Langdale.
There is a single-track motor road over the pass, which is one of the steepest roads in England, with gradients up to 1 in 3. Its name comes from 'pass of the stallion.' The road continues over Hardknott Pass and goes on to Eskdale.
The pass separates the Furness Fells from the Bowfell-Crinkle Crags massif.
At the top of the Wrynose Pass is the Three Shire Stone, marking the meeting point of the historic counties of Cumberland, Lancashire and Westmorland.
At the bottom of Wrynose is Fell Foot Farm, a 17th century, Grade II listed, National Trust property.
Coordinates: 54°24′46″N 3°07′07″W / 54.41276°N 3.11861°W / 54.41276; -3.11861
wn.com/Wrynose_Pass -
Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
wn.com/Yorkshire
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David I of Scotland
David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim; 1083 x 1085 – 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians (1113–1124) and later King of the Scots (1124–1153). The youngest son of Máel Coluim III (Malcolm III) and Margaret of Wessex, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093. Perhaps after 1100, he became a dependent at the court of King Henry I. There he was influenced by the Norman and Anglo-French culture of the court.
When David's brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I, to take the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba) for himself. He was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and nephew, Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair. Subduing the latter seems to have taken David ten years, a struggle that involved the destruction of Óengus, Mormaer of Moray. David's victory allowed expansion of control over more distant regions theoretically part of his Kingdom. After the death of his former patron Henry I, David supported the claims of Henry's daughter and his own niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, to the throne of England. In the process, he came into conflict with King Stephen and was able to expand his power in northern England, despite his defeat at the Battle of the Standard in 1138.
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Edmund I of England
Edmund I (Old English: Ēadmund; 922 – 26 May 946), called the Elder, the Deed-doer, the Just, or the Magnificent, was King of England from 939 until his death. He was a son of Edward the Elder and half-brother of Athelstan. Athelstan died on 27 October 939, and Edmund succeeded him as king.
Edmund came to the throne as the son of Edward the Elder, grandson of Alfred the Great, great-grandson of Ethelwulf of Wessex, great-great grandson of Egbert of Wessex and great-great-great grandson of Ealhmund of Kent. Shortly after his proclamation as king, he had to face several military threats. King Olaf III Guthfrithson conquered Northumbria and invaded the Midlands. When Olaf died in 942, Edmund reconquered the Midlands. In 943, he became the god-father of King Olaf of York. In 944, Edmund was successful in reconquering Northumbria. In the same year, his ally Olaf of York lost his throne and left for Dublin in Ireland. Olaf became the king of Dublin as Olaf Cuaran and continued to be allied to his god-father. In 945, Edmund conquered Strathclyde but ceded the territory to King Malcolm I of Scotland in exchange for a treaty of mutual military support. Edmund thus established a policy of safe borders and peaceful relationships with Scotland. During his reign, the revival of monasteries in England began.
wn.com/Edmund_I_of_England -
Henry I of England
Henry I (c. 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I of England. He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106. A later tradition called him Beauclerc for his scholarly interests— he could read Latin and put his learning to effective use— and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the royal administration, which he rendered the most effective in Europe, rationalizing the itinerant court, and his public espousal of the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition.
Henry's reign established deep roots for the Anglo-Norman realm, in part through his dynastic (and personal) choice of a Scottish princess who represented the lineage of Edmund Ironside for queen. His succession was hurriedly confirmed while his brother Robert was away on the First Crusade, and the beginning of his reign was occupied by wars with Robert for control of England and Normandy. He successfully reunited the two realms again after their separation on his father's death in 1087. Upon his succession he granted the baronage a Charter of Liberties, which linked his rule of law to the Anglo-Saxon tradition, forming a basis for subsequent limitations to the rights of English kings and presaged Magna Carta, which subjected the king to law.
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Henry II of England
Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle, Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as King of England (1154–89), Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany. Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, who was the daughter of King Henry I and took the title of Empress from her first marriage. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, and was made the Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to the French king Louis VII had recently been annulled. King Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153, and he inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later. Still quite young, he now controlled what would later be called the Angevin empire, stretching across much of western Europe.
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John Peel
John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, OBE (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004), known professionally as John Peel, was an English disc jockey, radio presenter, record producer and journalist. He was the longest-serving of the original BBC Radio 1 DJs, broadcasting regularly from 1967 until his death in 2004. He was known for his eclectic taste in music and his honest and warm broadcasting style.
He was one of the first broadcasters to play psychedelic rock and progressive rock records on British radio, and he is widely acknowledged for promoting artists working in various genres, including pop, reggae, indie rock, alternative rock, punk, hardcore punk, breakcore, grindcore, death metal, British hip hop, and dance music.
Peel's Radio 1 shows were notable for the regular 'Peel sessions', which usually consisted of four songs recorded by an artist live in the BBC's studios, and which often provided the first major national coverage to bands that later would achieve great fame. (These 'sessions' are similar to 'Live Lounge' sessions recorded today for the station.) Another popular feature of his shows was the annual Festive Fifty countdown of his listeners' favourite records of the year.
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Molly Lefebure
Molly Lefebure is a British writer who has an interest in the English Lake District and the Lake Poets.
Molly Lefebure was born in London, the daughter of Charles Hector Lefebure and Elizabeth Cox, and was educated at the North London Collegiate School. She went on to study at King's College London at the University of London where she met her husband, John Gerrish. During World War II she worked as a newspaper reporter for a London newspaper. During the war she met Dr Keith Simpson (the pathologist) and worked for him as his secretary. She gained information for her first book Evidence for the Crown, and went to live with her husband and her two children at Kingston-upon-Thames by the river.
Her children's books include illustrations by the famous Lakeland author, hill walker and illustrator Alfred Wainwright.
She is a Coleridge scholar. After studying drug addiction at Guy's Hospital in London for six years, she wrote a biography of Coleridge that researched the effect on his life of his addiction to opiates.
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Ranulf le Meschin
Ranulf le Meschin, Ranulf de Briquessart or Ranulf I [Ranulph, Ralph] (died 1129) was a late 11th- and early 12th-century Norman magnate based in northern and central England. Originating in Bessin in Normandy, Ranulf made his career in England thanks to his kinship with Hugh d'Avranches - the earl of Chester, the patronage of kings William II Rufus and Henry I Beauclerc, and his marriage to Lucy, heiress of the Bolingbroke-Spalding estates in Lincolnshire.
Ranulf fought in Normandy on behalf of Henry I, and served the English king as a kind of semi-independent governor in the far north-west, in Cumberland and Westmorland, founding Wetheral Priory. After the death of his cousin Richard d'Avranches in the White Ship Disaster of November 1120, Ranulf became earl of the county of Chester on the Anglo-Welsh marches. He held this position for the remainder of his life, and passed the title on to his son.
Ranulf le Meschin's father and mother represented two different families of viscounts in Normandy, and both of them were strongly tied to Henry, son of William the Conqueror. His father was Ranulf de Briquessart, and likely for this reason the former Ranulf was styled le Meschin, "the younger". Ranulf's father was viscount of the Bessin, the area around Bayeux. Besides Odo, bishop of Bayeux, Ranulf the elder was the most powerful magnate in the Bessin region of Normandy. Ranulf le Meschin's great-grandmother may even have been from the ducal family of Normandy, as le Meschin's paternal great-grandfather viscount Anschitil is known to have married a daughter of Duke Richard III.
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William Rufus
William II (French: Guillaume II d'Angleterre; c. 1056 – 2 August 1100), the third son of William I of England, was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. William is commonly known as William Rufus, perhaps because of his red-faced appearance.
Although William was an effective soldier, he was a ruthless ruler and, it seems, was little liked by those he governed: according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was "hateful to almost all his people and odious to God." However, chroniclers tended to take a dim view of William's reign, arguably on account of his long and difficult struggles with the Church: these chroniclers were themselves generally products of the Church, and so might be expected to report him somewhat negatively. His chief minister was Ranulf Flambard, whom he appointed Bishop of Durham in 1099: this was a political appointment, to a see that was also a great fiefdom. The particulars of the king's relationship with the people of England are not credibly documented. William was roundly denounced in his time and after his death for presiding over what was held to be a dissolute court, in terms which, in modern times, have raised questions over his sexuality. In keeping with Norman tradition, William scorned the English and their culture.
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Cumberland, The Mood
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Cumberland is a music video from "The Mood. The video depicts life in Cumberland Maryland. To purchase the song or album: itunes.apple.com
http://wn.com/Cumberland,_The_Mood
Cumberland is a music video from "The Mood. The video depicts life in Cumberland Maryland. To purchase the song or album: itunes.apple.com
THE CUMBERLAND AND THE MERRIMAC - Tom Roush
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
This is a presentation of photographs and music of the Civil War battle between the Union ship 'Cumberland" and the first ironclad - the Confederate 'Virginia' also known as the 'Merrimac.' It is, without doubt, a Northerner's view of how the battle was fought. Tom Roush of Keokuk, Iowa produced this video and also arranged and recorded the music.
http://wn.com/THE_CUMBERLAND_AND_THE_MERRIMAC_Tom_Roush
This is a presentation of photographs and music of the Civil War battle between the Union ship 'Cumberland" and the first ironclad - the Confederate 'Virginia' also known as the 'Merrimac.' It is, without doubt, a Northerner's view of how the battle was fought. Tom Roush of Keokuk, Iowa produced this video and also arranged and recorded the music.
- published: 01 Aug 2009
- views: 15716
- author: Tom Roush
Cumberland, MD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
A walk I took in 2003 through the streets of Cumberland.
http://wn.com/Cumberland,_MD
A walk I took in 2003 through the streets of Cumberland.
- published: 10 Oct 2008
- views: 10844
- author: BlueOrchidMoon77
Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs - Cumberland Gap
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs - Cumberland Gap
http://wn.com/Lester_Flatt_and_Earl_Scruggs_Cumberland_Gap
Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs - Cumberland Gap
- published: 19 Feb 2010
- views: 148564
- author: Joe Stead
Clachan Yell Cumberland Square 8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 02 Apr 2012
A shocking example of a group of anarchic dancers flagrantly breaching Scottish Country Dance Society rule 27b which clearly states "..all dancers must keep at least 1 foot on the dance floor at all times" This movie has been forwarded to the Ceilidh Police who will take swift and decisive action.
http://wn.com/Clachan_Yell_Cumberland_Square_8
A shocking example of a group of anarchic dancers flagrantly breaching Scottish Country Dance Society rule 27b which clearly states "..all dancers must keep at least 1 foot on the dance floor at all times" This movie has been forwarded to the Ceilidh Police who will take swift and decisive action.
- published: 14 Dec 2008
- views: 6900
- author: alij2007
CZTERY REFY - Cumberland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Letni Festiwal w Uniejowie - czerwiec 2010
http://wn.com/CZTERY_REFY_Cumberland
Grateful Dead perform "Cumberland Blues" Alpine 89
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:31
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Lotta Po man got Dem Cumberland Blues
http://wn.com/Grateful_Dead_perform_Cumberland_Blues_Alpine_89
grateful dead - Cumberland Blues - Three From The Vault
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Song for free grateful dead - Cumberland Blues - Three From The Vault
http://wn.com/grateful_dead_Cumberland_Blues_Three_From_The_Vault
Song for free grateful dead - Cumberland Blues - Three From The Vault
- published: 12 Dec 2008
- views: 57745
- author: Purf3ctGris
Lonnie Donegan - Cumberland Gap
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Lonnie Donegan's Number One Single recovered from 16mm film
http://wn.com/Lonnie_Donegan_Cumberland_Gap
Lonnie Donegan's Number One Single recovered from 16mm film
- published: 22 Nov 2010
- views: 57291
- author: FilmRestoration
Frank Fairfield - Cumberland Gap (Live on KEXP)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Frank Fairfield performs "Cumberland Gap" live on The Roadhouse with Greg Vandy on KEXP. Recorded 11/18/09.
http://wn.com/Frank_Fairfield_Cumberland_Gap_Live_on_KEXP
Frank Fairfield performs "Cumberland Gap" live on The Roadhouse with Greg Vandy on KEXP. Recorded 11/18/09.
- published: 02 Dec 2009
- views: 34248
- author: kexpradio
The Grateful Dead-Cumberland Blues
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Europe 72
http://wn.com/The_Grateful_Dead-Cumberland_Blues
The Hounds Below - "Cumberland's Crumblin": SXSW 2011 Showcasing Artist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
The Hounds Below, is a new band formed by Jason Stollsteimer of the Von Bondies. The Hounds Below have a distinct sound that is captured in every reverberating note - think Roy Orbison meets Arcade Fire. The genre-defying songs transition effortlessly through styles. From the extremely poppy, 'Hey Kids,' to the hauntingly beautiful, 'Cumberland's Crumblin', each song showcases Stollsteimer's solid song-writing and wide-ranged vocals.
http://wn.com/The_Hounds_Below_Cumberland's_Crumblin_SXSW_2011_Showcasing_Artist
The Hounds Below, is a new band formed by Jason Stollsteimer of the Von Bondies. The Hounds Below have a distinct sound that is captured in every reverberating note - think Roy Orbison meets Arcade Fire. The genre-defying songs transition effortlessly through styles. From the extremely poppy, 'Hey Kids,' to the hauntingly beautiful, 'Cumberland's Crumblin', each song showcases Stollsteimer's solid song-writing and wide-ranged vocals.
- published: 14 Feb 2011
- views: 6590
- author: sxsw
Dailey and Vincent "Cumberland River"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Dailey_and_Vincent_Cumberland_River
Cumberland Falls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:04
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Cumberland Falls in Eastern Kentucky. A clip from the DVD "Kentucky Video Canvas".danbooneproductions.com
http://wn.com/Cumberland_Falls
Cumberland Falls in Eastern Kentucky. A clip from the DVD "Kentucky Video Canvas".danbooneproductions.com
- published: 17 Oct 2007
- views: 6260
- author: danboonept
Southern String Band Plays Cumberland Gap for Tiny Dancer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Southern String Band of Raleigh NC playing Cumberland Gap in Boylan Heights, Raleigh, 4-21-2007, with beautiful tiny dancer. Visit SSB at www.southernstringband.net
http://wn.com/Southern_String_Band_Plays_Cumberland_Gap_for_Tiny_Dancer
Southern String Band of Raleigh NC playing Cumberland Gap in Boylan Heights, Raleigh, 4-21-2007, with beautiful tiny dancer. Visit SSB at www.southernstringband.net
- published: 26 Apr 2007
- views: 20873
- author: msouthern9763
Anime Boys' Tribute_The Cumberland's Crew
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
This is a song sung by the Cumberland Three called "The Cumberland's Crew," which is based off the battle between the USS Cumberland and the CSS Virginia, also known as the Merrimac, on March 8, 1862 at Hampton Roads. Now, let it be known, as with all the historical crossover clips I do, this was created for the sake of art, song, and a way of commemoration. I had no intention of showing any insult to this very important and well praised period of history. I have had this problem before with earlier posts from those who hate the anime genre and despise me for supposedly bastardizing a very epic event of the past. I can assure you that I don't do these period piece crossovers out of spite, or as a light hearted gesture of simple entertainment. I only intend to have those, who understand the anime world, but not much on history, be able to relate better when seeing familiar characters reenacting important historical events. Therefore, I ask that no negative or insulting comments be given in response. I do apologize for any such offenses I have made and wish for you to grant mercy. Also, because this piece takes place during the American Civil War, I would also like to be clear that I am not depicting either side as being the protagonist or the antagonists. I am simply viewing the battle through the eyes of the men who fought it. So once again, please don't misunderstand my intentions, and I hope that you enjoy this piece for its time, effort, and epic realism. Sincere ...
http://wn.com/Anime_Boys'_Tribute_The_Cumberland's_Crew
This is a song sung by the Cumberland Three called "The Cumberland's Crew," which is based off the battle between the USS Cumberland and the CSS Virginia, also known as the Merrimac, on March 8, 1862 at Hampton Roads. Now, let it be known, as with all the historical crossover clips I do, this was created for the sake of art, song, and a way of commemoration. I had no intention of showing any insult to this very important and well praised period of history. I have had this problem before with earlier posts from those who hate the anime genre and despise me for supposedly bastardizing a very epic event of the past. I can assure you that I don't do these period piece crossovers out of spite, or as a light hearted gesture of simple entertainment. I only intend to have those, who understand the anime world, but not much on history, be able to relate better when seeing familiar characters reenacting important historical events. Therefore, I ask that no negative or insulting comments be given in response. I do apologize for any such offenses I have made and wish for you to grant mercy. Also, because this piece takes place during the American Civil War, I would also like to be clear that I am not depicting either side as being the protagonist or the antagonists. I am simply viewing the battle through the eyes of the men who fought it. So once again, please don't misunderstand my intentions, and I hope that you enjoy this piece for its time, effort, and epic realism. Sincere ...
- published: 02 Apr 2009
- views: 40674
- author: LordDrakoArakis
The Cumberland Trio - Bluegrass Gospel Medley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
This video of the hard-driving bluegrass gospel medley, I'll Fly Away, Hank William's I Saw The Light & Somebody Touched Me is from The Cumberland Trio's Sept 24, 2004 Back Where We Began reunion concert at the historic Bijou Theatre Center in Knoxville, TN. This is about as good a bluegrass gospel song medley/video as you will ever see. These guys from the '60s folk era have reunited after 40 years and are just incredible. Their great website is www.cumberlandtrio.com. This entire 2 1/2 hour live concert DVD and double CD is available at www.cdbaby.com, type cumberland trio in the search box. ENJOY!!!!
http://wn.com/The_Cumberland_Trio_Bluegrass_Gospel_Medley
This video of the hard-driving bluegrass gospel medley, I'll Fly Away, Hank William's I Saw The Light & Somebody Touched Me is from The Cumberland Trio's Sept 24, 2004 Back Where We Began reunion concert at the historic Bijou Theatre Center in Knoxville, TN. This is about as good a bluegrass gospel song medley/video as you will ever see. These guys from the '60s folk era have reunited after 40 years and are just incredible. Their great website is www.cumberlandtrio.com. This entire 2 1/2 hour live concert DVD and double CD is available at www.cdbaby.com, type cumberland trio in the search box. ENJOY!!!!
- published: 07 Jun 2007
- views: 346689
- author: hitman9900
![[HQ] Matraca Berg](http://web.archive.org./web/20121214133235im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qXyw67KTvJg/default.jpg "[HQ] Matraca Berg")
[HQ] Matraca Berg "Oh Cumberland" / NGDB,JimmieFadden(harmonica)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
DV mpg（166MB） → （YouTube re-encoded）HQ18(stereo）mp4 480p（21Mb） Nitty Gritty Dirt Band ,Will The Circle Be Unbroken,Farther Along (Live2003)
http://wn.com/_HQ_Matraca_Berg_Oh_Cumberland_NGDB,JimmieFaddenharmonica
DV mpg（166MB） → （YouTube re-encoded）HQ18(stereo）mp4 480p（21Mb） Nitty Gritty Dirt Band ,Will The Circle Be Unbroken,Farther Along (Live2003)
- published: 23 Jan 2010
- views: 19153
- author: kinta goya
HMS Cumberland in Benghazi, Libya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 09 Oct 2012
Latest Footage of HMS Cumberland in Benghazi, preparing to evacuate British nationals from Libya on 24 February 2011. For more information and the latest updates visit www.mod.uk
http://wn.com/HMS_Cumberland_in_Benghazi,_Libya
Latest Footage of HMS Cumberland in Benghazi, preparing to evacuate British nationals from Libya on 24 February 2011. For more information and the latest updates visit www.mod.uk
- published: 25 Feb 2011
- views: 7415
- author: defenceheadquarters
Lake Cumberland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Take a weekend and head down to Lake Cumberland. Unquestionably the houseboat capital of the world. Plus, there's recreation, sites to see and much more.
http://wn.com/Lake_Cumberland
Take a weekend and head down to Lake Cumberland. Unquestionably the houseboat capital of the world. Plus, there's recreation, sites to see and much more.
- published: 17 Mar 2009
- views: 25428
- author: KentuckyTourism
Cumberland Trout Fishing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:17
- Updated: 07 Aug 2012
With Wolf Creek Dam at Lake Cumberland under extensive repair, anglers question the quality of fishing in the river below. Answers aren't all that's caught this weekend, on "Kentucky Afield" television. Lake Cumberland tourism for 2008 continues its resiliency with news like this. Host Tim Farmer and renowned fishing guide Randall Gibson provide needed relief for skeptics. While construction crews are hard at work pouring concrete to repair the dam, cold-water habitat and trout are just as busy, giving anglers all they can handle. Five and 6-pound brown trout are plentiful, and so are reasons to come back to the Cumberland.
http://wn.com/Cumberland_Trout_Fishing
With Wolf Creek Dam at Lake Cumberland under extensive repair, anglers question the quality of fishing in the river below. Answers aren't all that's caught this weekend, on "Kentucky Afield" television. Lake Cumberland tourism for 2008 continues its resiliency with news like this. Host Tim Farmer and renowned fishing guide Randall Gibson provide needed relief for skeptics. While construction crews are hard at work pouring concrete to repair the dam, cold-water habitat and trout are just as busy, giving anglers all they can handle. Five and 6-pound brown trout are plentiful, and so are reasons to come back to the Cumberland.
- published: 28 Apr 2008
- views: 28262
- author: KYAfield
Free Banjo Lesson: Cumberland Gap
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:20
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
In this lesson we teach how to play a good old banjo song about the Cumberland Gap. Now the Cumberland Gap in actual place in the mountain of Tennessee. This was my first banjo song, I heard it growing up on famous fishing show called woods and water. To get the tab and lyrics for this song go to: www.fannbanjos.com
http://wn.com/Free_Banjo_Lesson_Cumberland_Gap
In this lesson we teach how to play a good old banjo song about the Cumberland Gap. Now the Cumberland Gap in actual place in the mountain of Tennessee. This was my first banjo song, I heard it growing up on famous fishing show called woods and water. To get the tab and lyrics for this song go to: www.fannbanjos.com
- published: 18 Jan 2009
- views: 18000
- author: FreeBanjoLessons
Betty's Lunch & Dinner at Cumberland Falls State Park--NO RECIPE--
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:55
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
In this video, Betty shows you the rest of her visit to Cumberland Falls State Park in search of a moonbow. This video includes the showing of our accomodations and lunch and dinner at the Riverview Restaurant at the park. For lunch, I ordered a country ham and Swiss cheese sandwich with French fries (with iced tea to drink!), and Rick ordered a fried catfish sandwich with fries (with a soft drink). The meal was delicious, and we skipped the luscious desserts, which were Derby Pie, Fruit Cobbler, Sugar-Free Apple Pie, Chess Pie, Kentucky Silk Pie, and Meringue-Topped Banana Pudding. All of the foods are Kentucky-style food, and I have actually made all of them in bettyskitchen. I might make a variation of one of the desserts. For dinner, Rick ordered the food bar, and he had fried chicken, fried frog legs, coleslaw, potato salad, mashed potatoes with cream gravy, carrots, corn, country-style ribs, pasta salad, and blueberry pie. I ordered their hot brown sandwich. I have made the majority of these items in bettyskitchen, but I do plan to post country-style ribs soon, preceeded by my own barbecue sauce. I hope you will watch for that! After dinner, we set up our photographic equipment and waited to see if a moonbow would appear. Thanks for you interest in our little trip! --Betty ♥
http://wn.com/Betty's_Lunch_Dinner_at_Cumberland_Falls_State_Park--NO_RECIPE--
In this video, Betty shows you the rest of her visit to Cumberland Falls State Park in search of a moonbow. This video includes the showing of our accomodations and lunch and dinner at the Riverview Restaurant at the park. For lunch, I ordered a country ham and Swiss cheese sandwich with French fries (with iced tea to drink!), and Rick ordered a fried catfish sandwich with fries (with a soft drink). The meal was delicious, and we skipped the luscious desserts, which were Derby Pie, Fruit Cobbler, Sugar-Free Apple Pie, Chess Pie, Kentucky Silk Pie, and Meringue-Topped Banana Pudding. All of the foods are Kentucky-style food, and I have actually made all of them in bettyskitchen. I might make a variation of one of the desserts. For dinner, Rick ordered the food bar, and he had fried chicken, fried frog legs, coleslaw, potato salad, mashed potatoes with cream gravy, carrots, corn, country-style ribs, pasta salad, and blueberry pie. I ordered their hot brown sandwich. I have made the majority of these items in bettyskitchen, but I do plan to post country-style ribs soon, preceeded by my own barbecue sauce. I hope you will watch for that! After dinner, we set up our photographic equipment and waited to see if a moonbow would appear. Thanks for you interest in our little trip! --Betty ♥
- published: 29 Jul 2010
- views: 10450
- author: bettyskitchen
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
13 Dec 2012
MOSCOW, December 13 (RIA Novosti) – Syrian rebels behind the kidnapping of Ukrainian journalist Ankhar Kochneva have released a video threatening more attacks on Russians and Ukrainians, as a deadline for her execution approaches on Thursday. Kochneva, a 40-year-old Ukrainian citizen, was abducted in October by Syrian rebels as she traveled to the city of Homs, and has been held there by them since, they claim ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
11 Dec 2012
The death toll brought about by typhoon “Pablo” continued to rise with 714 persons confirmed dead by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) yesterday while those missing ballooned to 890 as massive search, retrieval and relief operations continue in the typhoon-ravaged areas in Mindanao ... 4 ... They were subsequently brought to Caraga Regional Hospital ... (NHMFC) (P100,000) ... With AFP ....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Lee Jin-man
13 Dec 2012
The head of the internet giant Google has defiantly defended his company’s tax avoidance strategy claiming he was “proud” of the steps it had taken to cut its tax bill which were just “capitalism”. In an interview in New York Eric Schmidt, Google’s Chairman, confirmed the company had no intention of paying more to the UK exchequer ... “I am very proud of the structure that we set up ... ” ....(size: 3.7Kb)
photo: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office
12 Dec 2012
MOSCOW. Russia President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday denounced opponents who receive financial assistance from abroad and vowed that the country would not allow democracy to be imposed from the outside. Putin said in his first annual state-of-the-nation address since he returned to the Kremlin for a third term that it should be illegal for anyone who receives money from abroad to be a politician in Russia ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
13 Dec 2012
Kabul. The Syrian government forces have fired Scud missiles at insurgents in recent days, escalating the two-year-old conflict against rebels seeking to overthrow the regime, US officials said on Wednesday. Speaking on condition of anonymity, two officials said forces of President Bashar Assad have fired the missiles from the Damascus area into northern Syria ... "Like saying, 'Oh, yeah? I'll show you!'". PTI ... First Published ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Penn Live
14 Dec 2012
Cumberland County Prison CHRIS KNIGHT, The Patriot-News, 2011 ....(size: 0.5Kb)
Denver Post
14 Dec 2012
Sheriff's deputies escort out Al Lowry, brother of murdered Highway Patrol Trooper Ed Lowry, after he yelled an expletive at Judge Gregory A. Weeks during Thursday's hearing in Fayetteville, N.C ... (Raul R. Rubiera, The Fayetteville Observer) ... Cumberland County Superior Court Judge Gregory A ... in November 2001 ... Highway Patrol Trooper Ed Lowry and Cumberland County sheriff's Deputy David Hathcock during a traffic stop in September 1997 ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
Rocky Mount Telegram
14 Dec 2012
N.C. Superior Court Judge Gregory A. Weeks in Cumberland County based his ruling on evidence presented over four weeks of hearings that he says showed prosecutors in each case made a concerted effort to reduce the number of black jurors ... Two had killed law enforcement officers ... Walters is a Lumbee Indian ... Highway Patrol Trooper Ed Lowry and Cumberland County sheriff's Deputy David Hathcock during a traffic stop in September 1997....(size: 5.8Kb)
Rocky Mount Telegram
14 Dec 2012
N.C. Superior Court Judge Gregory A. Weeks in Cumberland County based his ruling on evidence presented over four weeks of hearings that he says showed prosecutors in each case made a concerted effort to reduce the number of black jurors ... Two had killed law enforcement officers ... Walters is a Lumbee Indian ... Highway Patrol Trooper Ed Lowry and Cumberland County sheriff's Deputy David Hathcock during a traffic stop in September 1997....(size: 5.8Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
14 Dec 2012
Fayetteville, N.C -- ... Cumberland County Superior Court Judge Gregory Weeks based his ruling on evidence presented over four weeks of hearings that he says showed prosecutors in each case made a concerted effort to reduce the number of black jurors ... Walters is a Lumbee Indian ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
Richmond Times Dispatch
14 Dec 2012
FAYETTEVILLE, N.C ... Cumberland County Superior Court Judge Gregory A ... Advertisement. ....(size: 0.6Kb)
York Press
14 Dec 2012
Carr played the Cumberland Street theatre on June 5 and last Friday and Saturday ... “Gagging Order promises to be an hilarious night out… let’s see shall we,” he says ... ....(size: 0.9Kb)
The New York Times
14 Dec 2012
“In the writing of prosecutors long buried in case files and brought to light for the first time in this hearing, the court finds powerful evidence of race consciousness and race-based decision making,” wrote Judge Gregory Weeks of Cumberland County Superior Court, who also ruled last April in the first case to be heard under the Racial Justice Act....(size: 9.4Kb)
noodls
14 Dec 2012
(Source. US Department of Justice) FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE. December 13, 2012. David B. Fein, United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut, announced that SHANEEL JAIN, 56, currently residing in Cumberland, R.I.., was sentenced today by United States District Judge Robert N ... No bomb or other explosive was ever found at Z-Medica. JAIN was ordered to pay restitution in the amount of $12,386 ... PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACT.. U.S ... Tom Carson....(size: 3.3Kb)
The News & Observer
14 Dec 2012
Email Print Order Reprint Share This. Text. tool name. tool goes here. From staff reports. The News and Observer. Tags. . ... Officials said the fire was at 629 Bashford Road ... Email Print Order Reprint Share This. Text ... A Cumberland County judge has sentenced three death row inmates to life in prison without possibility for parole after finding that racial discrimination in jury selection played a key role in securing their death sentences ... Make ... ....(size: 10.3Kb)
noodls
14 Dec 2012
(Source. State of Maine) Initial Planning Conference Schedule Set for Vigilant Guard Planning. December 13, 2012. DVEM/MEMA. The Maine Army National Guard and the Maine Emergency Management Agency will be conducting an Initial Planning Conference (IPC) for Vigilant Guard 14 in South Portland January 16-17, 2013 ... Background ... Purpose of the IPC. ... Scenario. ... *CBRN/HAZMAT ... *The government per diem rates for Portland, ME (Cumberland County) are....(size: 5.0Kb)
noodls
14 Dec 2012
(Source. New York Islanders). For teams in the American Hockey League, long bus rides up and down the coast come with the territory. The Bridgeport Sound Tigers are centrally located in the Eastern Conference, geographically speaking, which means the team rarely has road trips longer than a few days ... "For us, I think this trip was great timing," Ness said ... The bus departed the Cumberland County Civic Center at 10.30 p.m ... Wednesday ... (noodl....(size: 5.3Kb)
noodls
14 Dec 2012
(Source. Bridgeport Sound Tigers) For teams in the American Hockey League, long bus rides up and down the coast come with the territory. The Bridgeport Sound Tigers are centrally located in the Eastern Conference, geographically speaking, which means the team rarely has road trips longer than a few days ... "For us, I think this trip was great timing," Ness said ... The bus departed the Cumberland County Civic Center at 10.30 p.m ... Wednesday....(size: 5.2Kb)
This article is about the former county of Cumberland in England. For other uses, see Cumberland (disambiguation).
| Cumberland | |
 Ancient extent of Cumberland |
|
| Geography | |
| Status | Administrative county (1889–1974) Ceremonial county (until 1974) |
| 1831 area | 969,490 acres (3,923.4 km2)[1] |
| 1911 area | 973,086 acres (3,937.94 km2)[2] |
| 1961 area | 973,146 acres (3,938.18 km2)[2] |
| HQ | Carlisle |
| Chapman code | CUL |
| History | |
| Origin | Historic |
| Created | 12th Century |
| Abolished | 1974 |
| Succeeded by | Cumbria |
| Demography | |
|---|---|
| 1911 population - 1911 density |
265,746[2] 0.27/acre |
| 1961 population - 1961 density |
294,303[2] 0.3/acre |
| Politics | |
| Governance | Cumberland County Council (1889–1974) |
| Arms of the former Cumberland County Council Arms of Cumberland County Council |
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Type | Wards (ancient) |
Cumberland ( /ˈkʌmbərlənd/) is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1914) and now forms part of Cumbria.
Contents |
Early history and formation of county[link]
What was to become Cumberland had a complicated political history before the 12th century. The first record of the term "Cumberland" appears in 945, when the Anglo Saxon Chronicle recorded that the area was ceded to Malcolm I of Scotland by King Edmund of England. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 most of the future county remained part of Scotland although some villages in the far south west, which were the possessions of the Earl of Northumbria, were included in the Yorkshire section with the Furness region.[3]
In 1092 King William Rufus of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to Ranulf Meschyn. In 1133 Carlisle was made the see of a new diocese, identical with the area of the earldom.[4] However, on the death of King Henry I in 1135, the area was regained by Scotland's King David I. He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy civil war.[3] In 1157 Henry II of England resumed possession of the area from Malcolm IV of Scotland, and formed two new counties from the former earldom: Westmorland and "Carliol". The silver-mining area of Alston, previously associated with the Liberty of Durham, was also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons.[4] By 1177 the county of Carliol was known as Cumberland.[5] The border between England and Scotland was made permanent by the Treaty of York in 1237.
Boundaries and subdivisions[link]
The boundaries formed in the 12th century did not change substantially over the county's existence. It bordered four English counties and two Scottish counties. These were Northumberland and County Durham to the east; Westmorland to the south, the Furness part of Lancashire to the southwest; Dumfriesshire to the north and Roxburghshire to the northeast.
To the west the county was bounded by the Solway Firth and the Irish Sea. The northern boundary was formed by the Solway Estuary and the border with Scotland running east to Scotch Knowe at Kershope Burn. The boundary ran south from Scotch Knowe along the Cheviot Hills, then followed a tributary of the River Irthing and crossed Denton Fell to the River Tees. From Tees Head the boundary crossed the Pennines to descend Crowdundale Beck, from where it followed the rivers Eden and Eamont to the centre of Ullswater. The line then followed the Glencoin Beck to the top of the Helvellyn ridge, thence to Wrynose Pass and along the River Duddon to the sea near Millom.[5]
The highest point of the county was Scafell Pike at 3,208 feet (978 m); it is the highest mountain in England. Carlisle was the county town.
Division into wards[link]
The Earldom of Carlisle was divided into baronies, but on the creation of the county these were replaced by wards. These took the place of hundreds found in most other English counties, and originated in military subdivisions organised for the defence of the county from incursions by Scottish troops.[5]
[6] Each ward was composed of a number of parishes, areas originally formed for ecclesiastical administration. In common with other counties of northern England, many parishes in Cumberland were very large, often consisting of a number of distinct townships and hamlets. Many of these subdivisions were eventually to become civil parishes and form the lowest level of local government. The wards and their constituent parishes in 1821 were:[7][8]
| Ward | Parishes | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Allerdale above Derwent | ||
| Arlecdon | ||
| Beckermet St John | Included part of township of Calder & Beckermet or Calderbridge | |
| Beckermet St Bridget | Included townships of Ennerdale & Kinniside, Eskdale & Wasdale | |
| Bootle | ||
| Brigham | Included townships of Blindbothel, Buttermere, Cockermouth, Eaglesfield, Embleton, Greysouthen, Mosser, Setmurthey, Whinfell | |
| Cleator | ||
| Corney | ||
| Crosthwaite (part) | Included township of Borrowdale | |
| Dean | ||
| Drigg and Carlton | ||
| Egremont | ||
| Gosforth | Included township of Bolton | |
| Haile | ||
| Harrington | ||
| Irton with Santon | Included township of Santon & Murthwaite | |
| Lamplugh | Included townships of Kelton & Winder, Murton | |
| Lorton | Included townships of Brackenthwaite, Wythop | |
| Loweswater | ||
| Millom | Included hamlet of Birker with Austhwaite, township of Ulpha | |
| Moresby | Included township of Parton | |
| Muncaster | ||
| Ponsonby | Included part of township of Calder & Beckermet or Calderbridge | |
| St Bees | Include townships of Hensingham, Lowside Quarter, Netherwasdale, Preston Quarter, Rottington, Sandwith, Wheddicarr, Whitehaven | |
| Waberthwaite | ||
| Whicham | ||
| Whitbeck | ||
| Workington | Included townships of Great Clifton, Little Clifton, Stainburn, Winscales | |
| Allerdale below Derwent | Allhallows | |
| Aspatria | Including townships of Hayton & Mealo, Oughterside & Allerby | |
| Bassenthwaite | ||
| Bolton | Including townships of Bolton Gate, Bolton Wood & Quarry Hill, Bolton Lowside, Isel Old Park, Sunderland | |
| Bridekirk | Including townships of Dovenby, Great Broughton, Little Broughton | |
| Bromfield (part) | Including townships of Allonby, Langrigg & Mealrigg, Papcastle, Tallentire, Westnewton | |
| Caldbeck (part) | ||
| Cammerton | Including township of Seaton | |
| Crosscanonby | Including townships of Birkby & Canonby, Blennerhasset & Kirkland, Crosby, Maryport | |
| Crosthwaite (part) | Included townships of Castlerigg St John's & Wythburn, Keswick, Ribton, Underskiddaw | |
| Dearham | Including township of Ellenborough & Ewanrigg | |
| Flimby | ||
| Gilcrux | ||
| Holme Cultram | Including townships of Abbey Quarter (or Holme Abbey), Holme East Waver Quarter, Holme St Cuthbert's Quarter, Holme Low Quarter | |
| Ireby | Including townships of High Ireby, Low Ireby | |
| Isel | Including township of Blindcrake and Redmain | |
| Plumbland | ||
| Torpenhow | Including townships of Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth, Bothel & Thrupland | |
| Uldale | ||
| West Ward | ||
| Cumberland | Aikton | |
| Beaumont | ||
| Bowness | Included townships of Anthorn, Drumburg, Fingland | |
| Bromfield (part) | Included townships of Blencogo, Dundraw | |
| Burgh by Sands | ||
| Carlisle, St Mary's (part)† | Townships of Caldewgate Quarter, Cummersdale Quarter, Wreay | |
| Carlisle St Mary Within† | Included township of Rickergate Quarter | |
| Carlisle St Cuthbert's Within† | ||
| Carlisle St Cuthbert's Without† | ||
| Dalston | ||
| Grinsdale | ||
| Kirkandrews upon Eden | ||
| Kirkbampton | ||
| Kirkbride | ||
| Orton | Included township of Baldwinholme | |
| Rockcliffe | ||
| Sebergham | Low and High Quarters | |
| Thursby | ||
| Warwick | ||
| Wetheral | ||
| Wigton | Included townships of Oulton Water, Waverton High & Low, Woodside Quarter | |
| Eskdale | ||
| Arthuret | Included townships of Braconhill, Lineside, Longtown, Netherby | |
| Bewcastle | ||
| Brampton | ||
| Castlecarrock | ||
| Crosby | High & Low | |
| Cumrew | Outside and Inside | |
| Cumwhitton | Included township of Northsceugh | |
| East Farlam | ||
| Hayton | Included townships of Little Crosby, Fenton & Faugh, Talkin | |
| Irthington | Included townships of Kingwater, Laversdale, Newby, Newtown | |
| Kingmoor (hamlet) | Extra-parochial liberty belonging to the Corporation of Carlisle | |
| Kirkandrews upon Esk | Included townships of Kirkandrews Moat, Kirkandrews Nether Quarter, Kirkandrews Upper Quarter, Nichol Forest | |
| Kirklinton | Included townships of Hethersgill, Westlinton (or Levington) | |
| Lanercost | Included townships of Askerton, Burtholme & Banks, Lineside | |
| Nether Denton | ||
| Scaleby | East and West | |
| Stanwix | ||
| Stapleton | Included townships of Belbank, Solport Quarter, Trough | |
| Upper Denton | ||
| Walton | High and Low | |
| West Farlam | ||
| Leath | ||
| Addingham | Included townships of Gamblesby, Glassonby, Hunsonby & Winskill | |
| Ainstable and Rushcroft | ||
| Alston with Garrigill | Included the Chapelry of Garrigill and the Liberty of The Fell | |
| Caldbeck (part) | Township of Mosedale | |
| Carlisle, St Mary's (part) | Township of Middlesceugh & Braithwaite | |
| Castle Sowerby | ||
| Croglin | ||
| Dacre | ||
| Edenhall | Included township of Langwathby | |
| Great Salkeld | ||
| Greystoke | Included townships of Berrier & Murrah, Bowscale, Matterdale, Mungrisdale, Threlkeld, Watermillock | |
| Hesket in the Forest | ||
| Hutton in the Forest | Included townships of Hutton John, Hutton Roof, Hutton Soil, Thomas Close | |
| Kirkland | Included townships of Culgaith, Kirkland & Blencarn | |
| Kirkoswald | Included township of Staffield | |
| Lazonby | Included township of Plumpton Wall | |
| Melmerby | ||
| Newton Reigny | Included township of Catterlen | |
| Ousby | ||
| Penrith | Included townships of Middlegate, Netherend & Bridge, Burrowgate, Town Head, Dockray, Plumpton Head and Carleton | |
| Renwick | ||
| Skirwith |
† Parts or all of these parishes and townships constituted the City of Carlisle, and were largely outside the jurisdiction of Cumberland Ward.
Local government from the 19th century[link]
During the 19th century a series of reforms reshaped the local government of the county, creating a system of district with directly-elected councils.
Poor law and municipal reform[link]
File:Cumberland Lewis.png
Map of Cumberland in 1845 showing poor law unions and parliamentary divisions
The first changes concerned the administration of the poor law, which was carried at parish level. The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 provided for the grouping of parishes into poor law unions, each with a central workhouse and an elected board of guardians. Cumberland was divided into nine unions: Alston with Garrigill, Bootle, Brampton, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Longtown, Penrith, Whitehaven and Wigton.[7]
In the following year the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 was passed, reforming boroughs and cities in England and Wales as municipal boroughs with a uniform constitution. The corporation of the City of Carlisle was accordingly remodelled with a popularly elected council consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors.
Local boards and sanitary districts[link]
Outside of municipal boroughs, there was no effective local government until the 1840s. In response to poor sanitary conditions and outbreaks of cholera, the Public Health Act 1848 and the Local Government Act 1858 allowed for the formation of local boards of health in populous areas. Local boards were responsible inter alia for water supply, drainage, sewerage, paving and cleansing. Eleven local boards were initially formed at Brampton, Cleator Moor, Cockermouth, Egremont, Holme Cultram, Keswick, Maryport, Millom, Penrith, Whitehaven, Wigton and Workington.[7]
Further reform under the Public Health Act 1875 saw the creation of sanitary districts throughout England and Wales. The existing municipal boroughs and local boards became "urban sanitary districts", while "rural sanitary districts" were formed from the remaining areas of the poor law unions.
Three more local boards were formed: Arlecdon and Frizington in 1882, Harrington in 1891 and Aspatria in 1892. In addition Workington and Whitehaven received charters of incorporation to become municipal boroughs in 1883 and 1894 respectively.
Local government acts of 1888 and 1894[link]
Main article: Cumberland County Council
In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888, the Cumberland County Council was created as the county council for Cumberland, taking over administrative functions from the Court of Quarter Sessions. The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the existing sanitary districts as urban districts and rural districts, each with an elected council.
The Act of 1888 also allowed any municipal borough with a population of 50,000 people or more to become a "county borough", independent of county council control. In 1914, Carlisle successfully applied for this status, ceasing to form part of the administrative county, although remaining within Cumberland for the purposes such as Lieutenancy and shrievalty.[7]
Reform in 1934[link]
The Local Government Act 1929 imposed the duty on county councils of reviewing the districts within their administrative county so as to form more efficient units of local government. In general, this meant the merging of small or lightly populated areas into larger units. A review was carried in Cumberland in 1934. The following table lists the urban and rural districts before and after the changes.[7]
|
The distribution of population in 1971 was as follows:[9]
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In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county and county borough were abolished and their former area was combined with Westmorland and parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire to form the new county of Cumbria. The area from Cumberland went on to form the districts of Carlisle, Allerdale, Copeland and part of Eden.[10]
Legacy[link]
The name continues in use as a geographical and cultural term, and it survives in Cumberland sausages, the HMS Cumberland, which is nicknamed "The fighting sausage", the Cumberland County Cricket Club, the Cumberland Fell Runners Club, the Cumberland Athletics Club, and organisations and companies, such as the local newspapers The Cumberland News, and The West Cumberland Times and Star, and the Cumberland Building Society.
In June 1994, during the 1990s UK local government reform, the Local Government Commission published draft recommendations, suggesting as one option a North Cumbria unitary authority (also including Appleby, the historic county town of Westmorland). It also suggested that Cumberland could be reinstated as an independent ceremonial county. The final recommendations, published in October 1994, did not include such recommendations, apparently due to lack of expression of support for the proposal to the commission.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Grass-of-Parnassus as the county flower. Parnassus flowers had been associated with the county since 1951, when they were included in the coat of arms granted to the Cumberland County Council. They subsequently featured in the arms granted to Cumbria County Council and Copeland Borough Council, in both cases to represent Cumberland.
Bibliography[link]
- Cumberland Heritage by Molly Lefebure (Chapters include Camden, Briathwaite, Millbeck, Fellwalkers, Carlisle Canal, Armboth, John Peel (farmer) and the Blencathra), with endpaper maps of old Cumberland.[11]
See also[link]
- List off Lord Lieutenants for Cumberland
- List of High Sheriffs for Cumberland
- Custos Rotulorum of Cumberland - Keepers of the Rolls
- List of MPs for Cumberland constituency
References[link]
- ^ 1831 Census cited in Vision of Britain – Ancient county data
- ^ a b c d Vision of Britain – Cumberland population (density and area)
- ^ a b Barrow, G W S (2006). The Kingdom of the Scots: Government, Church and Society from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century, 2nd edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1803-1.
- ^ a b "Carlisle Diocese: History and Description". Clergy of the Church of England Database. King's College, London. 2008. http://www.theclergydatabase.org.uk/reference/resources/dioceses/carlisle/dioc027-his.html. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
- ^ a b c Marr, J E (1910). Cambridge County Geographies: Cumberland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ W L Warren (1984). "The Myth of Norman Administrative Efficiency: The Prothero Lecture". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Ser., Vol. 34. Royal Historical Society. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4401%281984%295%3A34%3C113%3ATMONAE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
- ^ a b c d e Youngs, Frederic A, Jr. (1991). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol.2: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society. pp. 648–649. ISBN 0-86193-127-0.
- ^ Whillier, Thomas (1825). A General Directory to all the Counties, Hundreds, Ridings, Wapentakes, Divisions, Cities, Boroughs, Liberties, Parishes, Townships, Tythings, Hamlets, Precincts, Chapelries &c. &c. in England. London: Joseph Butterworth & Son. pp. 28–31.
- ^ 1971 Census; Small Area Statistics
- ^ Local government in England and Wales: A Guide to the New System. London: HMSO. 1974. ISBN 0-11-750847-0.
- ^ Detail taken from a copy of Cumberland Heritage published by Victor Gollancz, London in 1970 with an ISBN of 0 575 00376 6
External links[link]
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| Foggy Mountain Boys | |
|---|---|
| Genres | Bluegrass, Country |
| Years active | 1948–1970 |
| Past members | |
| Lester Flatt Earl Scruggs |
|
The Foggy Mountain Boys were an influential bluegrass band founded by Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs in 1948, shortly after leaving Bill Monroe’s band. They recorded and performed together up until 1969.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs met as members of Bill Monroe's band, the Blue Grass Boys, in 1946. The two left that band early in 1948, and within a few months had formed their own group, the Foggy Mountain Boys. Scruggs' banjo style and Flatt's rhythm guitar style as well as his vocals, gave them a distinctive sound that won them many fans. In 1955, they became members of the Grand Ole Opry. Many of the songs on their albums are credited to "Certain and Stacey". These songs were in fact written by Flatt, Scruggs, and various other members of the Foggy Mountain Boys. Certain and Stacey are the maiden names of the wives of Flatt and Scruggs (Louise Certain, wife of Earl Scruggs, and Gladys Stacey, wife of Lester Flatt).
Scruggs, who had always shown progressive tendencies, experimented on duets with saxophonist King Curtis and added songs by the likes of Bob Dylan to the group's repertoire. Flatt, a traditionalist, did not like these changes, and the group broke up in 1969. Following the breakup, Lester Flatt founded the Nashville Grass and Scruggs led the Earl Scruggs Revue. Flatt died in 1979, at the age of 64. Flatt and Scruggs were elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1985.
In 2003, they ranked #24 on CMT's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music, one of only four non-solo artists to make the list (The Eagles, Alabama, and Brooks & Dunn are the others).
In the film O Brother, Where Art Thou?, the band formed by the heroes is called the "Soggy Bottom Boys" as a tribute to the band.
Scruggs died from natural causes on March 28, 2012, in a Nashville hospital.[1][2]
Members[link]
- Lester Flatt (guitar)
- Earl Scruggs (banjo, guitar)
- Paul Warren (fiddle)
- John Ray "Curly" Seckler (mandolin), guitar)
- Josh Graves (Dobro, bass)
- English P. “Cousin Jake” Tullock (bass)
- Chubby Wise (fiddle)
- Jim Shumate (fiddle)
- Benny Martin (fiddle)
- Benny Sims (fiddle)
- Howdy Forrester (fiddle)
- Art Wooten (fiddle)
- Howard Watts aka "Cedric Rainwater" (bass)
- Charles Johnson aka "Little Jody Rainwater" (bass)
- Frank "Hylo" Brown (bass, guitar)
- Charles “Little Darlin’” Elza (bass)
- Joe Stuart (bass)
- Ernie Newton (bass)
- Bob Moore (bass)
- Everette Lilly (mandolin)
- Jim Eanes (guitar)
- Mac Wiseman (guitar)
- Billy E. Powers (guitar)
- Johnny Johnson (guitar)
- Earl Taylor (mandolin and harmonica)
Notable songs[link]
- "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" - an instrumental originally released in 1949 and used in many rural car chase movie sequences, notably in Bonnie and Clyde. It has won two Grammy awards. Parts of the song can be heard in the Monty Python's Flying Circus "Killer Sheep" sketch in the episode entitled "The Attila The Hun Show."
- "The Ballad of Jed Clampett" (listen) - used as the theme for the Beverly Hillbillies television series. The song reached #42 on the record charts during the series' debut season of 1962. It was #1 on the country charts in January 1963, their only one of their career, and one of only two TV theme songs to ever do that on the country charts (Waylon Jennings' "The Good Ol' Boys" theme from The Dukes of Hazzard in the late 1970s was the other.).
- Martha White jingle (still used in advertising today).
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Album | Chart Positions | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | |||
| 1957 | Foggy Mountain Jamboree | Columbia | ||
| 1958 | Country Music | Mercury | ||
| 1959 | Lester Flatt & Earl Scruggs | |||
| 1960 | Songs of Glory | Columbia | ||
| 1961 | Foggy Mountain Banjo | |||
| Songs of the Famous Carter Family | ||||
| 1962 | Folk Songs of Our Land | |||
| 1963 | Hard Travelin' (The Ballad of Jed Clampett) | 115 | ||
| The Original Sound | Mercury | |||
| Flatt and Scruggs at Carnegie Hall | 7 | 134 | Columbia | |
| 1964 | Recorded Live at Vanderbilt University | 10 | ||
| The Fabulous Sound of Lester Flatt & Earl Scruggs | 2 | |||
| 1965 | The Versatile Flatt & Scruggs | |||
| Great Original Recordings | ||||
| 1966 | Town and Country | 15 | ||
| When the Saints Go Marching In | ||||
| Flatt & Scruggs' Greatest Hits | 34 | |||
| Sacred Songs | ||||
| 1967 | Strictly Instrumental (w/ Doc Watson) | |||
| Hear the Whistles Blow | 37 | |||
| 1968 | Changin' Times featuring Foggy Mountain Breakdown | 7 | ||
| Songs of Cherish | ||||
| Original Theme From Bonnie & Clyde | 26 | |||
| The Story of Bonnie & Clyde | 23 | 187 | ||
| Nashville Airplane | 35 | |||
| 1970 | Final Fling | 45 | ||
| Breaking Out | 35 | |||
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | CAN Country | CAN | |||
| 1949 | "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" | 9 | singles only | |||
| 1952 | "'Tis Sweet to Be Remembered" | 9 | ||||
| 1959 | "Cabin in the Hills" | 9 | ||||
| 1960 | "Crying My Heart Out Over You" | 21 | ||||
| 1961 | "Polka on a Banjo" | 12 | ||||
| "Go Home" | 10 | |||||
| 1962 | "Just Ain't" | 16 | ||||
| "The Legend of the Johnson Boys" | 27 | Folk Songs of Our Land | ||||
| "The Ballad of Jed Clampett" | 1 | 44 | Hard Travelin' (The Ballad of Jed Clampett) | |||
| 1963 | "Pearl Pearl Pearl" | 8 | 113 | singles only | ||
| "New York Town" | 26 | |||||
| 1964 | "You Are My Flower" | 12 | Recorded Live at Vanderbilt University | |||
| "My Sara Jane" | 40 | singles only | ||||
| "Petticoat Junction" | 14 | |||||
| "Workin' It Out" | 21 | |||||
| 1965 | "I Still Miss Someone" | 43 | The Versatile Flatt & Scruggs | |||
| 1967 | "Nashville Cats" | 54 | singles only | |||
| "California Up Tight Band" | 20 | |||||
| 1968 | "Down in the Flood" | 45 | 15 | Changing Times featuring Foggy Mountain Breakdown |
||
| "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" | 58 | 55 | 90 | |||
| "Like a Rolling Stone" | 58 | 125 | Nashville Airplane | |||
References[link]
- Rosenburg, Neil V. (1998). "Flatt & Scruggs and the Foggy Mountain Boys". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 173–4.
- ^ "Bluegrass, banjo legend Earl Scruggs dies at 88". The Birmingham News. Associated Press. March 28, 2012. http://blog.al.com/wire/2012/03/bluegrass_banjo_legend_earl_sc.html. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
- ^ Wilson, David (March 28, 2012). "Earl Scruggs, Banjoist Who Invented 'Scruggs Style,' Dies at 88". Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-03-28/earl-scruggs-banjoist-who-invented-scruggs-style-dies-at-88. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
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| Lester Raymond Flatt | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Lester Raymond Flatt |
| Born | (1914-06-19)June 19, 1914 Duncan's Chapel, Overton County, Tennessee, USA |
| Died | May 11, 1979(1979-05-11) (aged 64) |
| Genres | Bluegrass, Country |
| Occupations | Musician, Songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, Guitar, Mandolin |
| Years active | 1940–1979 |
| Associated acts | Bill Monroe, Earl Scruggs, Foggy Mountain Boys, Nashville Grass |
Lester Raymond Flatt (June 19, 1914 – May 11, 1979) was a bluegrass musician and guitarist and mandolinist, best known for his membership in the Bluegrass duo The Foggy Mountain Boys, also known as "Flatt and Scruggs," with banjo picker Earl Scruggs. Flatt's career spanned multiple decades; besides his work with Scruggs, he released multiple solo and collaboration works. Flatt also served as a member of Bill Monroe's band during the 1940s.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Flatt was born in Duncan's Chapel, Overton County, Tennessee, to Nannie Mae Haney and Isaac Columbus Flatt. A singer and guitarist, he first came to prominence as a member of Bill Monroe's Blue Grass Boys in 1945. In 1948 he started a band with fellow Monroe alumnus Earl Scruggs, and for the next twenty years Flatt and Scruggs and the Foggy Mountain Boys were one of the most successful bands in bluegrass. When they parted ways in 1969, Flatt formed a new group, the Nashville Grass, hiring most of the Foggy Mountain Boys. His role as lead singer and rhythm guitar player in each of these seminal ensembles helped define the sound of traditional bluegrass music. He created a role in the Bluegrass Boys later filled by the likes of Jimmy Martin, Mac Wiseman, Peter Rowan and Del McCoury. His rich lead voice is unmistakable in hundreds of bluegrass standards.
He is also remembered for his library of compositions. The Flatt songbook looms titanic for any student of American acoustic music. He continued to record and perform with that group until his death in 1979 of heart failure, after a prolonged period of ill health. Flatt was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1985 with Scruggs. He was posthumously made an inaugural inductee into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor in 1991. His hometown of Sparta, Tennessee, held a bluegrass festival in his honor for a number of years, before being discontinued a few years prior to the death of the traditional host, resident Everette Paul England; Lester Flatt Memorial Bluegrass Day is part of the annual Liberty Square Celebration held in Sparta.[1]
Flatt and Scruggs were ranked #24 on CMT's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music in 2003. They performed "The Ballad of Jed Clampett", which was used as the theme for the television show The Beverly Hillbillies.
Discography[link]
| Year | Album | US Country | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Flatt Out | Columbia | |
| One and Only | Nugget | ||
| 1971 | Flatt On Victor | RCA Victor | |
| Lester 'N' Mac (w/ Mac Wiseman) | 42 | ||
| 1972 | Kentucky Ridgerunner | ||
| On the Southbound (w/ Mac Wiseman) | |||
| Foggy Mountain Breakdown | |||
| 1973 | Country Boy | 45 | |
| Over the Hills to the Poorhouse (w/ Mac Wiseman) | |||
| 1974 | Before You Go | ||
| Live Bluegrass Festival (w/ Bill Monroe) | |||
| The Best |
! Year ! Single ! US Country ! Label |- [[Folsom Prison Blues
References[link]
Further reading[link]
- Rosenberg, Neil V. (1998). "Flatt & Scruggs and the Foggy Mountain Boys". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 173–4.
- Samuelson, Dave. (1998). "Lester Flatt & the Nashville Grass". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 173.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Flatt, Lester |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | June 19, 1914 |
| Place of birth | Duncan's Chapel, Overton County, Tennessee, USA |
| Date of death | May 11, 1979 |
| Place of death | |
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| Earl Scruggs | |
|---|---|
 Scruggs in 2005 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Earl Eugene Scruggs |
| Born | (1924-01-06)January 6, 1924 Shelby, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Origin | Shelby, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | March 28, 2012(2012-03-28) (aged 88)[1] Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Genres | Bluegrass, country, gospel |
| Occupations | Bluegrass artist |
| Instruments | 5-string banjo, guitar |
| Years active | 1945–2012 |
| Labels | MCA Nashville Records |
| Associated acts | Bill Monroe's Blue Grass Boys, Flatt and Scruggs, Earl Scruggs Revue |
| Website | earlscruggs.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| A 1934 Gibson Granada previously owned by Don Reno and Snuffy Jenkins, and "Nellie", a 1935 Gibson RB-3 flathead[2][3] | |
Earl Eugene Scruggs (January 6, 1924 – March 28, 2012) was an American musician noted for perfecting and popularizing a three-finger banjo-picking style (now called "Scruggs style") that is a defining characteristic of bluegrass music. Although other musicians had played in three-finger style before him, Scruggs shot to prominence when he was hired by Bill Monroe to fill the banjo slot in his group, the Blue Grass Boys.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Scruggs was born near Shelby, Cleveland County, North Carolina, to Georgia Lula Ruppe and George Elam Scruggs, a farmer and bookkeeper, who played banjo and died when Scruggs was four years old. His older brothers, Junie and Horace, plus his two older sisters, Eula Mae and Ruby, all played banjo and guitar. Scruggs' mother played the organ.[4] He grew up in Cleveland County, North Carolina.[5]
Career[link]
Scruggs joined Bill Monroe's Blue Grass Boys in late 1945, and quickly popularized his syncopated, three-finger picking style. In 1948 Scruggs and guitarist Lester Flatt left Monroe's band and formed the Foggy Mountain Boys, also later known simply as Flatt and Scruggs. In 1969, they broke up, and he started a new band, the Earl Scruggs Revue, featuring several of his sons.
On September 24, 1962, singer Jerry Scoggins, Lester Flatt and Scruggs recorded "The Ballad of Jed Clampett" for the TV show The Beverly Hillbillies, which was released October 12, 1962. The theme song became an immediate country music hit and was played at the beginning and end of each episode. Flatt and Scruggs appeared in several episodes as family friends of the Clampetts in the following years. In their first appearance (season 1 episode 20), they portray themselves in the show and perform both the theme song and "Pearl Pearl Pearl".
On November 15, 1969, Scruggs played his Grammy-winning "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" on an open-air stage in Washington, D.C., at the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, becoming one of the very few bluegrass or country-western artists to give support to the anti-war movement.[6] In an interview after his performance, Scruggs said:[7]
I think the people in the South is just as concerned as the people that's walkin' the streets here today ... I'm sincere about bringing our boys back home. I'm disgusted and in sorrow about the boys we've lost over there. And if I could see a good reason to continue, I wouldn't be here today.
In January 1973, a tribute concert was held for Scruggs in Manhattan, Kansas. Among the artists playing were Joan Baez, David Bromberg, The Byrds, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, and Doc and Merle Watson. The concert was filmed and turned into the 1975 documentary film Banjoman.[8]
Awards and honors[link]
Flatt and Scruggs won a Grammy Award in 1969 for Scruggs' instrumental "Foggy Mountain Breakdown". They were inducted together into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1985. In 1989, Scruggs was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship. He was an inaugural inductee into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor in 1991. In 1992, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In 1994, Scruggs teamed up with Randy Scruggs and Doc Watson to contribute the song "Keep on the Sunny Side" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization.
In 2002 Scruggs won a second Grammy award for the 2001 recording of "Foggy Mountain Breakdown", which featured artists such as Steve Martin on 2nd banjo solo (Martin played the banjo tune on his 1970s stand-up comic acts), Vince Gill and Albert Lee on electric guitar solos, Paul Shaffer on piano, Leon Russell on organ, and Marty Stuart on mandolin. The album, Earl Scruggs and Friends, also featured artists such as John Fogerty, Elton John, Sting, Johnny Cash, Don Henley, Travis Tritt, and Billy Bob Thornton.[9]
On February 13, 2003, Scruggs received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. That same year, he and Flatt were ranked No. 24 on CMT's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music.
On September 13, 2006, Scruggs was honored at Turner Field in Atlanta as part of the pre-game show for an Atlanta Braves home game. Organizers set a world record for the most banjo players (239) playing one tune together (Scruggs' "Foggy Mountain Breakdown"). On February 10, 2008, Scruggs was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards.
Personal life[link]
Scruggs' wife and manager, Louise, died on February 2, 2006, aged 78, at Nashville's Baptist Hospital following a lengthy illness.[10]
Death and funeral[link]
Scruggs died from natural causes on the morning of March 28, 2012, in a Nashville hospital.[11][12] His funeral was held on Sunday, April 1, 2012, at the Ryman Auditorium, former home of the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee at 2pm and was open to the public. He was buried at Spring Hill Cemetery in a private service.
Legacy[link]
At an 80th birthday party for Scruggs in 2004, country singer Porter Wagoner said, “Earl was to the five-string banjo what Babe Ruth was to baseball.” “He is the best there ever was”, Wagoner said, “and the best there ever will be.”[13]
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Single | Chart Positions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | US Heat | US Bluegrass | ||
| 1967 | Strictly Instrumental (with Lester Flatt and Doc Watson) | ||||
| 1967 | 5 String Banjo Instruction Album | ||||
| 1968 | The Story of Bonnie and Clyde (with Lester Flatt and the Foggy Mountain Boys)[14] | ||||
| 1969 | Changin' Times | ||||
| 1970 | Nashville Airplane | ||||
| 1972 | I Saw the Light with Some Help from My Friends | ||||
| Earl Scruggs: His Family and Friends | |||||
| Live at Kansas State | 20 | 204 | |||
| 1973 | Rockin' 'Cross the Country | 46 | |||
| Dueling Banjos | 202 | ||||
| The Earl Scruggs Revue | 169 | ||||
| 1975 | Anniversary Special | 104 | |||
| 1976 | The Earl Scruggs Revue 2 | 161 | |||
| Family Portrait | 49 | ||||
| 1977 | Live from Austin City Limits | 49 | |||
| Strike Anywhere | |||||
| 1978 | Bold & New | 50 | |||
| 1979 | Today & Forever | ||||
| 1982 | Storyteller and the Banjo Man (with Tom T. Hall) | ||||
| Flatt & Scruggs | |||||
| 1983 | Top of the World | ||||
| 1984 | Superjammin' | ||||
| 1998 | Artist's Choice: The Best Tracks (1970–1980) | ||||
| 2001 | Earl Scruggs and Friends | 39 | 33 | 14 | |
| 2002 | Classic Bluegrass Live: 1959-1966 | ||||
| 2003 | Three Pickers (with Doc Watson and Ricky Skaggs) | 24 | 179 | 2 | |
| 2004 | The Essential Earl Scruggs | ||||
| 2005 | Live with Donnie Allen and Friends | ||||
| 2007 | Lifetimes: Lewis, Scruggs, and Long | ||||
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Chart Positions | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | CAN Country | |||
| 1970 | "Nashville Skyline Rag" | 74 | — | Earl Scruggs: His Family and Friends |
| 1979 | "I Sure Could Use the Feeling" | 30 | 41 | Single only |
| "Play Me No Sad Songs" | 82 | 66 | Today & Forever | |
| 1980 | "Blue Moon of Kentucky" | 46 | — | |
| 1982 | "There Ain't No Country Music on This Jukebox" (with Tom T. Hall) |
77 | — | Storyteller and the Banjo Man |
| "Song of the South" (with Tom T. Hall) | 72 | — | ||
Guest singles[link]
| Year | Single | Artist | Chart Positions | Album |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | ||||
| 1998 | "Same Old Train" | Various Artists | 59 | Tribute to Tradition |
Music videos[link]
| Year | Video | Director |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | "The Dirt Road" (with Sawyer Brown) | Michael Salomon |
| 2001 | "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" (Earl Scruggs and Friends) | Gerry Wenner |
DVDs[link]
- Earl Scruggs – His Family and Friends (2005)
- (Recorded 1969. Bob Dylan, The Byrds, Bill Monroe, Joan Baez et al.)
- Private Sessions (2005)
- The Bluegrass Legend (2006)
Earl Scruggs, Doc Watson and Ricky Skaggs
- The Three Pickers (2003)
Flatt and Scruggs
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 1 (2007)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 2 (2007)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 3 (2007)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 4 (2007)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 5 (2008)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 6 (2008)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 7 (2009)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 8 (2009)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 9 (2010)
- The Best of Flatt and Scruggs TV Show Vol 10 (2010)
Footnotes[link]
- ^ Associated Press. "Son: Bluegrass legend, banjo pioneer Earl Scruggs dies in Nashville at age 88; changed music". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/son-bluegrass-legend-banjo-pioneer-earl-scruggs-dies-in-nashville-at-age-88-changed-music/2012/03/28/gIQAwf3RhS_story.html. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
- ^ "Gibson Banjos 1925 and Later, # 9584-3". Pre-War Gibson Banjo Serial Number Listing. Banjophiles.org. http://www.banjophiles.org/SerNumData/9XXX.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ Cushman, Charlie (2009-03-13). "Scruggs/Reno 1935 RB-3". http://www.charliecushman.com/ScruggsReno.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of Earl Scruggs". William Addams Reitwiesner Genealogical Services. http://www.wargs.com/other/scruggs.html. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ "Earl Scruggs Biography". Earlscruggs.com. http://earlscruggs.com/biography.html. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
- ^ "Earl Scruggs Performs At Anti War Demonstration". Youtube.com. July 13, 2009. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGDp--0SbX8. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
- ^ Garfinkle, Adam. ''Telltale Hearts: The Origins and Impact of the Vietnam Antiwar Movement''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. Books.google.com. 1991-01-26. http://books.google.com/books?id=4_XnFrpIbPYC&pg=PA177&dq=earl+scruggs+anti+war+protest&hl=en&ei=-oFXTryhOI2nsQKclrWmDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=earl%20scruggs&f=false. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
- ^ "IMDb: Banjoman". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072681/. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ Earl Scruggs and Friends (MCA Nashville, 2001)
- ^ "Music Industry Pioneer Louise Scruggs Dies". CMT.com. 2006-02-02. http://www.cmt.com/news/articles/1523089/20060202/scruggs_earl.jhtml?headlines=true. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ "Bluegrass, banjo legend Earl Scruggs dies at 88". The Birmingham News. Associated Press. March 28, 2012. http://blog.al.com/wire/2012/03/bluegrass_banjo_legend_earl_sc.html. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
- ^ Wilson, David (March 28, 2012). "Earl Scruggs, Banjoist Who Invented 'Scruggs Style,' Dies at 88". Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-03-28/earl-scruggs-banjoist-who-invented-scruggs-style-dies-at-88. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
- ^ "Earl Scruggs, Bluegrass Pioneer, Dies at 88". NYTimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/29/arts/music/earl-scruggs-bluegrass-banjo-player-dies-at-88.html. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ "Nashville Scene". Billboard Magazine (Nielsen Business Media) 80 (22): 43. June 1, 1968. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=yQoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA43. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
References[link]
- Rosenberg, Neil V. (1998). "Flatt & Scruggs and the Foggy Mountain Boys". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 173–4.
- Willis, Barry R. "Biography of Earl Scruggs". Retrieved October 5, 2008.
- Lifetime Honors – National Medal of Arts
External links[link]
- Official Website
- Interview with www.CountryMusicPride.com Interview with www.CountryMusicPride.com
- at the Country Music Hall of Fame
- on MCA Nashville
- on Rounder Records
- Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
- Earl Scruggs at the Internet Movie Database
- Los Angeles Times obituary
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Scruggs, Earl Eugene |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American bluegrass musician |
| Date of birth | January 6, 1924 |
| Place of birth | Shelby, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Date of death | March 28, 2012 |
| Place of death | Nashville, Tennessee |
http://wn.com/Earl_Scruggs
Related pages:
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http://nl.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
http://pt.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
http://de.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
http://fr.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
http://it.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
http://pl.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
http://cs.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
http://es.wn.com/Earl Scruggs
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Scruggs
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Lonnie Donegan MBE |
|
|---|---|
| Lonnie Donegan in the 1970s Lonnie Donegan in the 1970s |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Anthony James Donegan |
| Also known as | The King of Skiffle |
| Born | (1931-04-29)29 April 1931 Glasgow, Scotland |
| Died | 3 November 2002(2002-11-03) (aged 71) Peterborough, England |
| Genres | Skiffle, traditional pop music, blues, folk, country |
| Occupations | Musician, singer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals, banjo |
| Years active | Late 1940s–2002 |
| Labels | Pye Records Decca Records United Artists Records Virgin Records |
| Associated acts | Tony Donegan Jazz Band Chris Barber's Jazz Band Lonnie Donegan's Skiffle Group |
Anthony James "Lonnie" Donegan MBE (29 April 1931 – 3 November 2002[1]) was a skiffle musician, with more than 20 UK Top 30 hits to his name. He is known as the "King of Skiffle" and is often cited as a large influence on the generation of British musicians who became famous in the 1960s.[2][3] The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums states Donegan was "Britain's most successful and influential recording artist before The Beatles. He chalked up 24 successive Top 30 hits, and was the first UK male to score two U.S. Top 10s".[1]
Contents |
Early life and trad jazz[link]
Born as Anthony James Donegan in Bridgeton, Glasgow, Scotland, the son of a professional violinist who had played with the Scottish National Orchestra, he moved with his family in 1933 to East Ham, Essex (now in Greater London).[4]
Donegan was evacuated to Cheshire to escape the Blitz in World War II, and he attended St Ambrose College, initially at the school's original site in Dunham Road, Altrincham.
In the early 1940s he mostly listened to swing jazz and vocal acts, and became interested in the guitar.[4] Country & western and blues records, particularly by Frank Crumit and Josh White, attracted his interest and he bought his first guitar at the age of fourteen in 1945.[4] From listening to BBC radio broadcasts in the following years he began learning songs such as "Frankie and Johnny", "Puttin' On the Style", and "The House of the Rising Sun".[4] By the end of the 1940s he was playing guitar around London and visiting small jazz clubs.[5]
The first band he played in was the trad jazz band led by Chris Barber, who approached him on a train asking him if he wanted to audition for his band. Barber had heard that Donegan was a good banjo player; in fact, Donegan had never played the banjo at this point, but he bought one and tried to bluff his way through the audition. More on personality than playing, he was brought into Barber's band.[4] His stint with the band was interrupted when he was called up for National Service in 1949, but his military service in Vienna gave him contact with American troops, and access to records as well as the opportunity to listen to the American Forces Network radio station.[5]
In 1952 he formed his first group, the Tony Donegan Jazzband, which found some work around London. On one occasion they opened for the blues musician Lonnie Johnson at the Royal Festival Hall.[4] Donegan was a fan of Johnson, and took his first name as a tribute to him. The story goes that the host at the concert got the musicians' names confused, calling them "Tony Johnson" and "Lonnie Donegan", and Donegan was happy to keep the name.[6]
In 1953 cornetist Ken Colyer, enjoying hero status for having spent time in a New Orleans jail (due to a visa problem), returned to England and, when invited to play with Chris Barber's band, became a moving figure within it. With the new name, Ken Colyer's Jazzmen, the group, with Donegan, made its initial public appearance on 11 April 1953 in Copenhagen. The following day, Chris Albertson recorded the group (as well as a Monty Sunshine Trio, with Donegan and Barber) for Storyville Records. These were Donegan's first commercially released recordings.[citation needed]
Skiffle[link]
While playing in Ken Colyer's Jazzmen with Chris Barber, Donegan sang and played both guitar and banjo as part of their Dixieland jazz set. He also began playing with two other band members during the intervals, to provide what was called on their posters a "skiffle" break, a name suggested by Ken Colyer's brother, Bill, after recalling the Dan Burley Skiffle Group of the 1930s.[4] In 1954 Colyer left, and the band became Chris Barber's Jazz Band.[5]
With a washboard, a tea-chest bass and a cheap Spanish guitar, Donegan entertained audiences with folk and blues songs by artists such as Leadbelly and Woody Guthrie.[4] This proved so popular that in July 1954 he recorded a fast-tempoed version of Leadbelly's "Rock Island Line", featuring a washboard but not a tea-chest bass, with "John Henry" on the B-side.[4] It was an enormous hit in 1956 (which also later inspired the creation of a full album, An Englishman Sings American Folk Songs, released in America on the Mercury label in the early 1960s) but ironically, because it was a band recording, Donegan made no money from this recording beyond his original session fee. (Nevertheless, Donegan received considerable music publishing royalties from "Rock Island" simply by claiming the British copyright on an unregistered song which was considered to be in the Public Domain. This led to the peculiar situation that any "cover" version of "Rock Island Line" which was released on record in Britain from 1956 showed the song composition credited to Lonnie Donegan.) It was the first debut record to go gold in the UK, and reached the Top Ten in the United States.[4] His next single for Decca, "Diggin' My Potatoes", was recorded at a concert at the Royal Festival Hall on 30 October 1954.[4] Decca dropped Donegan thereafter, but within a month he was at the Abbey Road Studios in London recording for EMI's Columbia label. He had left the Barber band by then, and by the spring of 1955, Donegan signed a recording contract with Pye. His next single "Lost John" reached #2 in the UK Singles Chart.[4]
He travelled to the United States, where he appeared on television on both the Perry Como Show and the Paul Winchell Show.[4] Returning to the UK, Donegan recorded his debut album, Lonnie Donegan Showcase, in the summer of 1956, which featured songs by Lead Belly and Leroy Carr, plus "I'm a Ramblin' Man" and "Wabash Cannonball". The LP was a hit, securing sales in the hundreds of thousands.[4] The popular skiffle style encouraged amateurs to get started, and one of the many skiffle groups that followed was The Quarrymen formed in March 1957 by John Lennon. Donegan's "Gamblin' Man" / "Puttin' On the Style" single was number one on the UK chart in July 1957, when Lennon first met Paul McCartney.[1]
Donegan went on to make a series of popular records with successes including "Cumberland Gap" and particularly "Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On The Bedpost Over Night)", his biggest hit song in the U.S., released on Dot.[4] He turned to a music hall style with "My Old Man's a Dustman" which was not well received by skiffle fans, or in an attempted but ultimately unsuccessful American release by Atlantic in 1960, but it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart. Donegan's group had a flexible line-up, but was generally formed by Denny Wright or Les Bennetts (of Les Hobeaux and Chas McDevitt's skiffle groups) playing lead guitar and singing harmony vocals, Micky Ashman or Pete Huggett - later Steve Jones - on upright bass, Nick Nichols - later Pete Appleby and Mark Goodwin - on drums or percussion and Donegan playing acoustic guitar or banjo and singing the lead.[4]
He continued to appear regularly in the UK charts until 1962, before succumbing to the arrival of The Beatles and beat music.[4]
Later career[link]
Donegan recorded sporadically during the 1960s, including some sessions at Hickory Records in Nashville, Tennessee with Charlie McCoy, Floyd Cramer and The Jordanaires. After 1964, he was primarily occupied as a record producer for most of the decade at Pye Records. Among those he worked with during this period was Justin Hayward.[4]
Donegan was unfashionable and generally ignored through the late 1960s and 1970s (although he wrote "I'll Never Fall in Love Again" for Tom Jones in 1967), and he began to play on the American cabaret circuit. A notable departure from his normal style was an a cappella recording of "The Party's Over". There was a reunion concert with the original Chris Barber band in Croydon in June 1975 - notable for a bomb scare, meaning that the recording had to be finished in the studio, though patrons were treated to an impromptu concert in the car park.[citation needed] The resultant release was entitled The Great Re-Union Album.[4]
He suffered his first heart attack in 1976 while in the United States and underwent quadruple bypass surgery. He returned to the public's attention in 1978, when he made a record of his early songs with such figures as Rory Gallagher, Ringo Starr, Elton John and Brian May called Putting on the Style.[4] A follow-up album featuring Albert Lee saw Donegan working in a less familiar country and western vein. By 1980, he was making regular concert appearances again, and another album with Barber followed. In 1983 Donegan toured with Billie Jo Spears, and in 1984, he made his theatrical debut in a revival of the 1920 musical Mr. Cinders. More concert tours followed, along with a move from Florida to Spain. In 1992 Donegan underwent further bypass surgery following another heart attack.[4]
In 1994, the Chris Barber band celebrated 40 years, with a tour with both bands. Pat Halcox was still on trumpet (a position he retained until July 2008). The reunion concert and the tour were recorded on CD and DVD.
Donegan experienced another late renaissance when in 2000 he appeared on Van Morrison's album The Skiffle Sessions - Live In Belfast 1998, a critically acclaimed album featuring Donegan sharing vocals with Van Morrison and also featuring Chris Barber, with a guest appearance by Dr. John. Donegan also played at the Glastonbury Festival, and was awarded the MBE in 2000.
Donegan's final CD was This Y'ere the Story
Family[link]
Donegan married three times. He had two daughters by his first wife, Maureen Tyler (divorced 1962), a son and a daughter by his second wife, Jill Westlake (divorced 1971), and three sons by his third wife, Sharon, whom he married in 1977. He was the second cousin three times removed of the Scottish Gaelic Footballer, Chris Pendergast.
Death[link]
Lonnie Donegan died in 2002, aged 71, after suffering a heart attack in Market Deeping mid-way through a UK tour and shortly before he was due to perform at a memorial concert for George Harrison with The Rolling Stones. He had suffered from cardiac problems since the 1970s and had several heart attacks in his last years.
Legacy[link]
Mark Knopfler released a tribute song to Donegan entitled "Donegan's Gone" on his 2004 album, Shangri-La, and said that he was one of his greatest musical influences.[2] Donegan's music formed the basis for a musical starring his two sons. Lonnie D - The Musical took its name from the Chas & Dave tribute song which started the show. Subsequently, Peter Donegan formed a new band that performed his father's material and has since linked up with his father's band from the last 30 years with newcomer Eddie Masters on bass. They released an album together in 2009 entitled "Here We Go Again". Donegan's eldest son, Anthony, also formed his own band, under the name Lonnie Donegan Jnr.
On his album A Beach Full of Shells, Al Stewart paid tribute to Donegan in the song "Katherine of Oregon". Additionally, in the song "Class of '58", he describes a seminal British entertainer who is either Donegan or a composite including him.
Quotations[link]
| “ | I'm trying to sing acceptable folk music. I want to widen the audience beyond the artsy-craftsy crowd and the pseudo intellectuals - but without distorting the music itself. | ” |
- "In England, we were separated from our folk music tradition centuries ago and were imbued with the idea that music was for the upper classes. You had to be very clever to play music. When I came along with the old three chords, people began to think that if I could do it, so could they. It was the reintroduction of the folk music bridge which did that." — Interview, 2002.
- "He was the first person we had heard of from Britain to get to the coveted No. 1 in the charts, and we studied his records avidly. We all bought guitars to be in a skiffle group. He was the man." — Paul McCartney
- "He really was at the very cornerstone of English blues and rock." — Brian May.[2]
- "I wanted to be Elvis Presley when I grew up, I knew that. But the man who really made me feel like I could actually go out and do it was a chap by the name of Lonnie Donegan." — Roger Daltrey
- "Remember, Lonnie Donegan started it for you." — Jack White's acceptance speech at the Brit Awards.[8]
Discography[link]
Singles[link]
- "Rock Island Line" / "John Henry" (1955) - UK #8 †
- "Diggin' My Potatoes" / "Bury My Body" (1956) †
- "Lost John" / "Stewball" (1956) - UK #2 †
- "Bring A Little Water, Sylvie" / "Dead or Alive" (1956) ‡
- "On A Christmas Day" / "Take My Hand Precious Lord" (1956) ‡
- "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O" (1957) - UK #4 ‡
- "Cumberland Gap" (1957) - UK #1 ‡
- "Gamblin' Man" / "Puttin' On the Style" (1957) - UK #1 ‡
- "My Dixie Darlin'" / "I'm Just a Rolling Stone" (1957) - UK #10 ‡
- "Jack O' Diamonds" / "Ham 'N' Eggs" (1957) - UK #14 ‡
- "The Grand Coulee Dam" / "Nobody Loves Like an Irishman" (1958) - UK #6 ‡
- "Midnight Special" / "When The Sun Goes Down" (1958) ‡
- "Sally Don't You Grieve" / "Betty, Betty, Betty" (1958) - UK #11 ‡
- "Lonesome Traveller" / "Times are Getting Hard Boys" (1958) - UK #28 ‡
- "Lonnie's Skiffle Party" / "Lonnie Skiffle Party Pt.2" (1958) - UK #23 ‡
- "Tom Dooley" / "Rock O' My Soul" (1958) - UK #3 ‡
- "Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight?)" / "Aunt Rhody" (1959) - UK #3 ‡
- "Fort Worth Jail" / "Whoa Buck" (1959) - UK #14 ‡
- "Fort Bewildered" / "Kevin Barry" / "It is No Secret" / "My Lagan Love Buck" (1959) ‡
- "Battle of New Orleans" / "Darling Corey" (1959) - UK #2 ‡
- "Sal's Got A Sugar Lip" / "Chesapeake Bay" (1959) - UK #13 ‡
- "Hold Back Tomorrow" - UK #26 ¶
- "San Miguel" / "Talking Guitar Blues" (1959) - UK #19 ‡
- "My Old Man's A Dustman" / "The Golden Vanity" (1960) - UK #1 ↑
- "I Wanna Go Home (Wreck Of the 'John B')" / "Jimmy Brown The Newsboy" (1960) - UK #5 ↓
- "Lorelei" / "In All My Wildest Dreams" (1960) - UK #10
- "Rockin' Alone" - UK #44 ♠
- "Lively" / "Black Cat (Cross My Path Today)" (1960) - UK #13 ↑
- "Virgin Mary" / "Beyond The Sunset" (1960) - UK #27
- "(Bury Me) Beneath The Willow" / "Leave My Woman Alone" (1961)
- "Have A Drink on Me" / "Seven Daffodils" (1961) - UK #8 ↑
- "Michael, Row the Boat" / "Lumbered" (1961) - UK #6 ↑
- "The Comancheros" / "Ramblin' Round" (1961) - UK #14
- "The Party's Over" / "Over the Rainbow" (1962) - UK #9
- "I'll Never Fall in Love Again" / "Keep on the Sunny Side" (1962)
- "Pick A Bale of Cotton" / "Steal Away" (1962) - UK #11 ↑
- "The Market Song" / "Tit-Bits" (1962)
- "Losing By A Hair" / "Trumpet Sounds" (1963)
- "It Was A Very Good Year" / "Rise Up" (1963)
- "Lemon Tree" / "I've Gotta Girl So Far" (1963)
- "500 Miles Away From Home" / "This Train" (1963)
- "Beans in My Ears" / "It's a Long Road to Travel" (1964)
- "Fisherman's Luck" / "There's A Big Wheel" (1964)
- "Get Out Of My Life" / "Won't You Tell Me" (1965)
- "Louisiana Man" / "Bound For Zion" (1965)
- "World Cup Willie" / "Where In This World are We Going" (1966)
- "I Wanna Go Home" / "Black Cat (Cross My Path Today)" (1966)
- "Aunt Maggie's Remedy" / "(Ah) My Sweet Marie" (1967)
- "Toys" / "Relax Your Mind" (1968)
- "My Lovely Juanita" / "Who Knows Where the Time Goes" (1969)
- "Speak To The Sky" / "Get Out of My Life" (1972)
- "Jump Down Turn Around (Pick a Bale of Cotton)" / "Lost John Blues" (1973 - Australia only release)
Albums[link]
- Lonnie Donegan Showcase (December 1956) - UK # 2; UK #26 ‡
- "Wabash Cannonball" / "How Long" / "How Long Blues" / "Nobody's Child" / "I Shall Not Be Moved" / "I'm Alabamy Bound" / "I'm a Rambling Man" / "Wreck of the Old 97" / "Frankie and Johnny"
- Lonnie (November 1957) - UK # 3
- Tops with Lonnie (September 1958)
- Lonnie Rides Again (May 1959)
- Does Your Chewing Gum Lose It's Flavour (On The Bedpost Overnight) (1961)
- More! Tops with Lonnie (April 1961)
- Sing Hallelujah (December 1962)
- The Lonnie Donegan Folk Album (August 1965)
- Lonniepops - Lonnie Donegan Today (1970)
- The Great Re-Union Album (1974)
- Lonnie Donegan Meets Leinemann (1974)
- Country Roads (1976)
- Puttin' on the Style (February 1978)
- Including guest musicians Rory Gallagher, Elton John, Brian May and Ringo Starr amongst others.
- Sundown (May 1979)
- Muleskinner Blues (January 1999)
- The song "Lost John" was used to open the John Peel tribute album
- This Y'ere The Story (2000?)
- The Skiffle Sessions - Live in Belfast (2000) - UK #14 †
- Recorded November 1998 with Van Morrison, Chris Barber and others.
- The Last Tour (2006)
Compilation albums[link]
- Golden Age of Donegan (1962) - UK #3
- Golden Age of Donegan Volume 2 (1963) - UK #15
- Putting On the Style (1978) - UK #51
- King of Skiffle (1998)
- Puttin' On the Style - The Greatest Hits (2003) - UK #45
EPs[link]
- Skiffle Session (EP) (1956) - UK #20 †
- "Railroad Bill" / "Stockalee" / "Ballad of Jesse James" / "Ol' Riley"
Billing[link]
Most of the above records were accredited to Lonnie Donegan; except, as follows:
† Billed as the Lonnie Donegan Skiffle Group
‡ Billed as Lonnie Donegan and his Skiffle Group
¶ Billed as Lonnie Donegan meets Miki & Griff with the Lonnie Donegan Group
↑ Billed as Lonnie Donegan and his Group
↓ Billed as Lonnie Donegan and Wally Stott's Orchestra
♠ Billed as Miki and Griff with the Lonnie Donegan Group
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 164–165. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ^ a b c Skiffle king Donegan dies (BBC), accessed 5 January 2008.
- ^ Jennifer Kelly (2008-10-20). "Hats Off: An Interview with Roy Harper". Pop Matters. http://www.popmatters.com/pm/feature/64093/hats-off-an-interview-with-roy-harper/. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Biography by Bruce Eder". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p8434/biography. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
- ^ a b c Bruce Eder. "Lonnie Donegan : Music Artist : Videos, News, Photos & Ringtones : MTV". Allmusic. MTV. http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/donegan_lonnie/artist.jhtml. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
- ^ I love 1960s music: Lonnie Donegan (BBC) accessed 5 January 2008.
- ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 27. CN 5585.
- ^ Peel, John (2005). Margrave of the marshes (1st ed.). London: Bantam Press. p. 47. ISBN 0-593-05252-8.
External links[link]
- Official website
- Lonnie Donegan Discussion Forum
- Go Lonnie go – article by Billy Bragg for The Guardian
- My Memories of Lonnie Donegan by Paul Griggs
- Lonnie Donegan biography and discography
- Lonnie Donegan and his Skiffle Group
- His Old Man’s the Guv’nor – article by Alan Franks
- My twenty-year love affair with the joy of skiffle, article by Mark Kermode The Observer, 1 June 2008
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Donegan, Lonnie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | British singer, songwriter and musician |
| Date of birth | 29 April 1931 |
| Place of birth | Bridgeton, Glasgow, Scotland |
| Date of death | 3 November 2002 |
| Place of death | Market Deeping, England |
http://wn.com/Lonnie_Donegan
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Донеган, Лонни
http://fr.wn.com/Lonnie Donegan
http://pt.wn.com/Lonnie Donegan
http://de.wn.com/Lonnie Donegan
http://it.wn.com/Lonnie Donegan
http://es.wn.com/Lonnie Donegan
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonnie_Donegan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
