- published: 10 Oct 2011
- views: 10902
- author: GoodPlanetorg
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![Desertification [English]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130123021933im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/w9RxnuBiFbg/default.jpg "Contrary to popular perception, desertification is not the loss of land to desert or through sand-dune movement. It refers to land degradation resulting from climatic variations and human activities. It is not a natural process; it is the result of mankind's actions. Today, a third of land is threatened by desertification.")
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- Algeria
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Algeria
Coordinates: 28°N 2°E / 28°N 2°E / 28; 2
Algeria
i/ælˈdʒɪəriə/ (Arabic: الجزائر, al-Jazā'ir; Berber: ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية, al-Jumhūriyyah al-Jazāʾiriyyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah ash-Shaʿbiyyah), also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a large country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.
When referring to its land area, Algeria is the largest country in Africa, Maghreb and the Arab World. It is also the largest of the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea; it is also the tenth-largest country in the world. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Its size is almost 2,400,000 square kilometres (926,645 sq mi) with an estimated population of 37.1 million as of 2012. Algeria is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC and the United Nations. The country is also a founding member of the Arab Maghreb Union.
wn.com/Algeria -
Berlin
Berlin (
/bɜrˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] (
listen)) is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city and is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has 5.9 million residents from over 190 nations. Located in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin—the capital of East Germany—and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989). Following German reunification in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of Germany, hosting 147 foreign embassies.
wn.com/Berlin -
Chile
Chile (i/ˈtʃɪliː/ or /ˈtʃɪleɪ/), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Along with Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America that do not border Brazil. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
Chile's distinctive shape—4,300 kilometres (2,700 mi) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 mi) wide—makes it the longest country in the world, north to south, with the fifth lengthiest coastline at over 78 thousand kilometers. The diverse climate of Chile ranges from the world's driest desert in the north—the Atacama—through a Mediterranean climate in the centre, humid subtropical in Easter Island, to an Oceanic climate, including alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and south. The northern desert contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.
wn.com/Chile -
India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
wn.com/India -
Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.
wn.com/Morocco -
NASA
Coordinates: 38°52′59″N 77°0′59″W / 38.88306°N 77.01639°W / 38.88306; -77.01639
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's mission statement has been to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research." On September 14, 2011, NASA announced that it had selected the design of a new Space Launch System that it said would take the agency's astronauts farther into space than ever before and provide the cornerstone for future human space exploration efforts by the U.S.
NASA was established by the National Aeronautics and Space Act on July 29, 1958, replacing its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The agency became operational on October 1, 1958. U.S. space exploration efforts have since been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.
wn.com/NASA -
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States.
It is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and engineering. Princeton does not have schools of medicine, law, divinity, or business, but it does offer professional degrees through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, the Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science and the School of Architecture.
Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, as the College of New Jersey, the university moved to Newark in 1747, then to Princeton in 1756 and was renamed Princeton University in 1896. The present-day College of New Jersey in nearby Ewing, New Jersey, is an unrelated institution. Princeton was the fourth chartered institution of higher education in the American colonies. Princeton had close ties to the Presbyterian Church, but has never been affiliated with any denomination and today imposes no religious requirements on its students.
wn.com/Princeton_University -
Sahara
The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, Aṣ-Ṣaḥrā´ al-Kubrā, "The Great Desert") is the world's largest hot desert and second largest desert, after Antarctica. At over 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as China or the United States. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean. To the south, it is delimited by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna that composes the northern region of central and western Sub-Saharan Africa.
Some of the sand dunes can reach 180 metres (590 ft) in height. The name comes from the Arabic word for desert: (صَحراء ṣaḥrāʾ [sˤɑħrɑːʔ] (
listen)).
The Sahara's boundaries are the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea on the north, the Red Sea on the east, and the Sudan (region) and the valley of the Niger River on the south. The Sahara is divided into western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Air Mountains (a region of desert mountains and high plateaus), Ténéré desert and the Libyan desert (the most arid region). The highest peak in the Sahara is Emi Koussi (3,415 m/11,204 ft) in the Tibesti Mountains in northern Chad.
wn.com/Sahara -
Thar Desert
The Thar Desert (Rajasthani: थार मरुधर, Hindi:थार मरुस्थल, Urdu (Urdu: تھر صحرا also known as the Great Indian Desert) is a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent and forms a natural boundary running along the border between India and Pakistan. With an area of more than 200,000 km2 (77,000 sq mi), it is the world's 9th largest subtropical desert.
It lies mostly in the Indian State of Rajasthan, and extends into the northern portion of Haryana and Punjab states and into southern Gujarat state. In Pakistan, the desert covers eastern Sindh province and the southeastern portion of Pakistan's Punjab province. The Cholistan Desert adjoins the Thar desert spreading into Pakistani Punjab province.
In India the Thar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) extends from the Sutlej River, surrounded by the Aravalli Ranges on the east, on the south by the salt marsh known as the Great Rann of Kutch (parts of which are sometimes included in the Thar), and on the west by the Indus River. Its boundary to the large thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined, about 3/5th of the total geographical area of the State.
In Pakistan, the desert covers eastern Sindh and the southeastern portion of Punjab, Pakistan. The Tharparkar District is one of the major parts of the desert area. Tharparkar consists of two words: Thar means ‘desert’ while Parkar stands for ‘the other side’.
wn.com/Thar_Desert -
Tunisia
Tunisia (USi/tuːˈniːʒə/ two-NEE-zhə or UK /tjuːˈnɪziə/ tew-NIZ-iə; Arabic: تونس Tūnis pronounced [ˈtuːnɪs]), officially the Republic of Tunisia (Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية al-Jumhūriyyah at-Tūnisiyyah), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 square kilometres (64,000 sq mi), with an estimated population of just under 10.7 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the northeast.
Tunisia is the smallest country in North Africa. The south of the country is composed of the Sahara desert, with much of the remainder consisting of particularly fertile soil and 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) of coastline.
Tunisia has relations with both the European Union—with whom it has an association agreement—and the Arab world. Tunisia is also a member of the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, and the African Union. Tunisia has established close relations with France in particular, through economic cooperation, industrial modernization, and privatisation programs.
wn.com/Tunisia
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Desertification [English]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:02
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Contrary to popular perception, desertification is not the loss of land to desert or through sand-dune movement. It refers to land degradation resulting from climatic variations and human activities. It is not a natural process; it is the result of mankind's actions. Today, a third of land is threatened by desertification.
http://wn.com/Desertification_English_
Contrary to popular perception, desertification is not the loss of land to desert or through sand-dune movement. It refers to land degradation resulting from climatic variations and human activities. It is not a natural process; it is the result of mankind's actions. Today, a third of land is threatened by desertification.
Desertification in the Sahel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
This video shows the process of desertification and what the impacts are on the Sahel region. Song is to its respiteful owner, no copyright was intended.
http://wn.com/Desertification_in_the_Sahel
This video shows the process of desertification and what the impacts are on the Sahel region. Song is to its respiteful owner, no copyright was intended.
- published: 20 Nov 2010
- views: 17715
- author: SnowingEwe0
DESERTIFICATION
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
A VIDEO ABOUT DESERTIFICATION FOR GEOGRAPHY. Song: Snow Patrol - Chasing Cars
http://wn.com/DESERTIFICATION
A VIDEO ABOUT DESERTIFICATION FOR GEOGRAPHY. Song: Snow Patrol - Chasing Cars
- published: 06 Jul 2007
- views: 59893
- author: Holly Bedford
Combating Desertification - local solutions for a global problem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:33
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Promotional video that shows the global problem of desertification in various areas around the world, and the local solutions that the DESIRE project tries to develop to allevaite these problems. project website: desire-project.eu disclaimer: desire-project.eu/disclaimer The DESIRE project is funded by the EU, France, Netherlands, Italy and Spain.
http://wn.com/Combating_Desertification_local_solutions_for_a_global_problem
Promotional video that shows the global problem of desertification in various areas around the world, and the local solutions that the DESIRE project tries to develop to allevaite these problems. project website: desire-project.eu disclaimer: desire-project.eu/disclaimer The DESIRE project is funded by the EU, France, Netherlands, Italy and Spain.
- published: 08 Jun 2011
- views: 2732
- author: desirereporting
China battles increased desertification - 06 Nov 09
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
One of the many climate issues being blamed on global warming is the expansion of deserts. The United Nations says drought could impact 70 per cent of the world's land over the next 15 years. In China, overgrazing, irrigation farming, and land degradation, combinded with drought, are turning more and more fertile land barren. But, as Al Jazeera's Melissa Chan reports from the Kubuqi Desert, China is launching a new project it hopes will stop the sand spreading.
http://wn.com/China_battles_increased_desertification_06_Nov_09
One of the many climate issues being blamed on global warming is the expansion of deserts. The United Nations says drought could impact 70 per cent of the world's land over the next 15 years. In China, overgrazing, irrigation farming, and land degradation, combinded with drought, are turning more and more fertile land barren. But, as Al Jazeera's Melissa Chan reports from the Kubuqi Desert, China is launching a new project it hopes will stop the sand spreading.
- published: 06 Nov 2009
- views: 9826
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Desertification threatens Niger's nomads - 15 July 08
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
The effects of global warming can be starkly seen in the Sahara desert, where Niger is one of the countries most vulnerable. Al Jazeera's May Welsh reports from the country, where she found a bedouin tribe fighting possible extinction.
http://wn.com/Desertification_threatens_Niger's_nomads_15_July_08
The effects of global warming can be starkly seen in the Sahara desert, where Niger is one of the countries most vulnerable. Al Jazeera's May Welsh reports from the country, where she found a bedouin tribe fighting possible extinction.
- published: 15 Jul 2008
- views: 33781
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Desertification erodes Mongolian livelihoods - 11 Jul 07
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
What was once lush pasture, farmed by nomadic tribesmen for centuries, has now been eradicated by desertification. In thirty years, sands that have blown across Mongolia by seasonal wind, have eaten more than two million hectares of Mongolian grassland. Al Jazeera's Tony Cheng, discovers why, for many Mongolians, the traditional way of life is no longer possible.
http://wn.com/Desertification_erodes_Mongolian_livelihoods_11_Jul_07
What was once lush pasture, farmed by nomadic tribesmen for centuries, has now been eradicated by desertification. In thirty years, sands that have blown across Mongolia by seasonal wind, have eaten more than two million hectares of Mongolian grassland. Al Jazeera's Tony Cheng, discovers why, for many Mongolians, the traditional way of life is no longer possible.
- published: 11 Jul 2007
- views: 30259
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Increased desertification of Turkey's arable land -22 Aug 08
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
It used to be regarded as one of Turkey's best growing regions. However, vast sinkholes are now appearing across what was once the country's agricultural heartland. Drought, shrinking water levels and more thirsty crops, mean the rich arable land is literally turning to dust. Al Jazeera's Hoda Abdel-Hamid reports from Konya, one of the region's where desertification of arable land is most evident.
http://wn.com/Increased_desertification_of_Turkey's_arable_land_-22_Aug_08
It used to be regarded as one of Turkey's best growing regions. However, vast sinkholes are now appearing across what was once the country's agricultural heartland. Drought, shrinking water levels and more thirsty crops, mean the rich arable land is literally turning to dust. Al Jazeera's Hoda Abdel-Hamid reports from Konya, one of the region's where desertification of arable land is most evident.
- published: 22 Aug 2008
- views: 5426
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Desertification
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 24 Sep 2012
Causes, solution and facts about desertification.
http://wn.com/Desertification
Causes, solution and facts about desertification.
- published: 27 Nov 2010
- views: 4604
- author: juue1995
Turning the tide on desertification in Africa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 17 May 2012
In Senegal, the Acacia project has involved the planting and managing of Acacia forests in arid lands helping combat desertification while providing life-changing benefits to local communities. With two thirds of the African continent now classified as desert or drylands and desertification affecting a quarter of the world's population, the breakthrough has the potential to transform the lives of vulnerable populations
http://wn.com/Turning_the_tide_on_desertification_in_Africa
In Senegal, the Acacia project has involved the planting and managing of Acacia forests in arid lands helping combat desertification while providing life-changing benefits to local communities. With two thirds of the African continent now classified as desert or drylands and desertification affecting a quarter of the world's population, the breakthrough has the potential to transform the lives of vulnerable populations
- published: 13 Jun 2011
- views: 3101
- author: FAOVideo
Crete at risk of desertification - November 18, 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
Local environmentalists in the Greek island of Crete are currently fighting a billion dollar tourism project they say will degrade the land. In the last of our series on water shortages around the Mediterranean, Nicole Itano reports from Cavo Sidero, in eastern Crete.
http://wn.com/Crete_at_risk_of_desertification_November_18,_2008
Local environmentalists in the Greek island of Crete are currently fighting a billion dollar tourism project they say will degrade the land. In the last of our series on water shortages around the Mediterranean, Nicole Itano reports from Cavo Sidero, in eastern Crete.
- published: 19 Nov 2008
- views: 2447
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Turning the tide on desertification in Africa (7min43sec version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:43
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
In Senegal, the Acacia project has involved the planting and managing of Acacia forests in arid lands helping combat desertification while providing life-changing benefits to local communities. With two thirds of the African continent now classified as desert or drylands and desertification affecting a quarter of the world's population, the breakthrough has the potential to transform the lives of vulnerable populations
http://wn.com/Turning_the_tide_on_desertification_in_Africa_7min43sec_version
In Senegal, the Acacia project has involved the planting and managing of Acacia forests in arid lands helping combat desertification while providing life-changing benefits to local communities. With two thirds of the African continent now classified as desert or drylands and desertification affecting a quarter of the world's population, the breakthrough has the potential to transform the lives of vulnerable populations
- published: 04 Jul 2011
- views: 3784
- author: FAOVideo
17 June World Day to Combat Desertification
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 01 Aug 2012
The 2008 theme of the Day is Combating Land Degradation for Sustainable Agriculture. Country Parties, international and non-governmental organizations are invited to organize events to celebrate the World Day to Combat Desertification as an additional opportunity to increase awareness and participation in the implementation process.
http://wn.com/17_June_World_Day_to_Combat_Desertification
The 2008 theme of the Day is Combating Land Degradation for Sustainable Agriculture. Country Parties, international and non-governmental organizations are invited to organize events to celebrate the World Day to Combat Desertification as an additional opportunity to increase awareness and participation in the implementation process.
- published: 16 Jun 2008
- views: 6186
- author: UNCCD
Aral Sea - sandstorms and the fight against desertification | Tomorrow Today
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
The Aral Sea was once the world's fourth largest lake. But for decades the rivers that feed it have been diverted for irrigation. As a result, the huge body of water between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan has steadily shrunk and is now only 10 percent of its original volume. What remains is a desert of sand, salt and toxic dust containing pesticides, fertilizers and industrial chemicals.Sandstorms carry the dust to surrounding regions, causing widespread desertification and health problems for the local population. Scientists are searching for ways to halt this environmental catastrophe.
http://wn.com/Aral_Sea_sandstorms_and_the_fight_against_desertification_|_Tomorrow_Today
The Aral Sea was once the world's fourth largest lake. But for decades the rivers that feed it have been diverted for irrigation. As a result, the huge body of water between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan has steadily shrunk and is now only 10 percent of its original volume. What remains is a desert of sand, salt and toxic dust containing pesticides, fertilizers and industrial chemicals.Sandstorms carry the dust to surrounding regions, causing widespread desertification and health problems for the local population. Scientists are searching for ways to halt this environmental catastrophe.
- published: 25 Oct 2010
- views: 870
- author: deutschewelleenglish
Desertification
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
A short clip for ASU's Global Change class
http://wn.com/Desertification
Desertification
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
My Movie On Desertification. If Anybody Else Wants To Use IT Then Just Message Me And Will Send You The Video. Song Is Ask Me Anything By The Strokes
http://wn.com/Desertification
My Movie On Desertification. If Anybody Else Wants To Use IT Then Just Message Me And Will Send You The Video. Song Is Ask Me Anything By The Strokes
- published: 09 Jan 2008
- views: 4365
- author: johnnyd0513
SAVORY INSTITUTE HOLISTIC PLANNED MANAGEMENT
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/SAVORY_INSTITUTE_HOLISTIC_PLANNED_MANAGEMENT
Fighting desertification in Morocco | Global Ideas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:08
- Updated: 05 Nov 2011
Increasingly, arable land in Morocco is disappearing under the desert. Year by year, desertification poses a growing problem for farmers - and in Morocco, 50 percen tof the population lives from agriculture. Farmers are hoping to tackle the problem with modest projects that have a major effect: by planting argan trees, for example, they can help prevent soil erosion. Cultivating cactus plants also helps, because they can withstand desert conditions. They also produce cactus-seed oil and jam, which boost the farmers' incomes.
http://wn.com/Fighting_desertification_in_Morocco_|_Global_Ideas
Increasingly, arable land in Morocco is disappearing under the desert. Year by year, desertification poses a growing problem for farmers - and in Morocco, 50 percen tof the population lives from agriculture. Farmers are hoping to tackle the problem with modest projects that have a major effect: by planting argan trees, for example, they can help prevent soil erosion. Cultivating cactus plants also helps, because they can withstand desert conditions. They also produce cactus-seed oil and jam, which boost the farmers' incomes.
- published: 01 Dec 2010
- views: 600
- author: deutschewelleenglish
![[GCSE] Desertification - The Sahel](http://web.archive.org./web/20130123021933im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/XlVNWl0wemU/default.jpg "[GCSE] Desertification - The Sahel")
[GCSE] Desertification - The Sahel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Desertification in the Sahel
http://wn.com/_GCSE_Desertification_The_Sahel
Documentary on Desertification in Portugal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:50
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
Human Desertification is a problem that concerns all the Interior of Portugal. This problem is shared by several different countries located in the South of Europe. With this work, combining the effort of the students and the CR Architects team we intend to take a closer look to this problem that has social and economical impacts in the surrounding environment, and, in a more advanced stage of this Research Project deliver solutions. Desertification is a phenomenon that involves different areas of knowledge. The team that is developing this Research is comprised of several individuals from very different professional backgrounds: Cristina Rodrigues, Senior Architect, responsible for this Research Project; John Hyatt, Artist & MIRIAD Director; Diogo Castanheira, Tourism Management; Tiago Pereira, Graphic Designer; André Castanheira, Professional Photographer. Also joining the CR Architects team, the group of Landscape Architecture Students from MMU, coordinated by Ian Fisher, Programme Leader School of Landscape Architecture.
http://wn.com/Documentary_on_Desertification_in_Portugal
Human Desertification is a problem that concerns all the Interior of Portugal. This problem is shared by several different countries located in the South of Europe. With this work, combining the effort of the students and the CR Architects team we intend to take a closer look to this problem that has social and economical impacts in the surrounding environment, and, in a more advanced stage of this Research Project deliver solutions. Desertification is a phenomenon that involves different areas of knowledge. The team that is developing this Research is comprised of several individuals from very different professional backgrounds: Cristina Rodrigues, Senior Architect, responsible for this Research Project; John Hyatt, Artist & MIRIAD Director; Diogo Castanheira, Tourism Management; Tiago Pereira, Graphic Designer; André Castanheira, Professional Photographer. Also joining the CR Architects team, the group of Landscape Architecture Students from MMU, coordinated by Ian Fisher, Programme Leader School of Landscape Architecture.
- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 2504
- author: CRArchitects
Lawns: The Desertification of the American Landscape and Spirit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:07
- Updated: 01 Sep 2012
A spirited cry for a new paradigm in the way we maintain the landscapes that surround us.
http://wn.com/Lawns_The_Desertification_of_the_American_Landscape_and_Spirit
A spirited cry for a new paradigm in the way we maintain the landscapes that surround us.
- published: 03 May 2011
- views: 2445
- author: WILDUvideo
The Gobi Desert-Desertification in China
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Report on the Chinese Gobi Desert which is increasing in size as more parts of China's land are turned to desert. The expanding desert is taking over farmland and measures are being introduced to slow the expansion of the Gobi.
http://wn.com/The_Gobi_Desert-Desertification_in_China
Report on the Chinese Gobi Desert which is increasing in size as more parts of China's land are turned to desert. The expanding desert is taking over farmland and measures are being introduced to slow the expansion of the Gobi.
- published: 15 Dec 2009
- views: 4564
- author: RealClimateNews
EuroMed: Kasoulides on desertification and climate change
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 08 May 2012
Desertification and climate change were among the items discussed by MEP Iannis Kasoulides (EPP-ED Group, Cyprus) during the 4th EuroMed parliamentary assembly in Athens. also see: www.eux.tv Playlist www.youtube.com Story: www.eux.tv Also see: www.epp-ed.eu
http://wn.com/EuroMed_Kasoulides_on_desertification_and_climate_change
Desertification and climate change were among the items discussed by MEP Iannis Kasoulides (EPP-ED Group, Cyprus) during the 4th EuroMed parliamentary assembly in Athens. also see: www.eux.tv Playlist www.youtube.com Story: www.eux.tv Also see: www.epp-ed.eu
- published: 28 Mar 2008
- views: 690
- author: EUXTV
photo: AP / Echorouk Elyaoumi
21 Jan 2013
Algerian security forces on Sunday made grisly discoveries of dozens of bodies at a sprawling natural gas facility, a day after a violent showdown put an end to an international hostage crisis. But as Algeria tallied up the losses, a debate was emerging about whether the militant group linked to al-Qaida that seized the plant had been intent on a massacre or whether it had simply been after money ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
photo: AP / Anis Belghoul
22 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When then-Vice President Dick Cheney stated. "If there's a 1% chance that Pakistani scientists are helping al-Qaeda build or develop a nuclear weapon, we have to treat it as a certainty in terms of our response. It's not about our analysis...it's about our response,"(1) it was clearly evident that the "war on terror" had been lost ... And when Zacarias Moussaoui shouted. "America you lost ... 11....(size: 9.1Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. 1st Class Abram Pinnington
20 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON -- The war rages about cities with names such as Goa and Timbuktu, in a sparsely populated, mostly flat, dusty and landlocked country in northwest Africa. The combatants include a nomadic Berber people known as Tuareg, the French Foreign Legion and a coalition of al-Qaida affiliates who identify themselves with the Maghreb, the desert region of Northwestern Africa ... Some U.S ... Afghanistan ... J ... "They go to where the fight is ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
20 Jan 2013
The world's 100 richest people earned enough money last year to end world extreme poverty four times over, according to released by international rights group and charity Oxfam. The $240 billion net income of the world's 100 richest billionaires would have ended poverty four times over, according to the London-based group's report released on Saturday ... [...] We're anti-poverty agency ... You don't normally hear us talking about wealth ... ....(size: 18.5Kb)
photo: AP / Win McNamee, Pool
21 Jan 2013
The list. Inauguration Day. President Obama is sworn in for a second term. For only the second time in history, the presidential oath of office has been administered to someone for the fourth time. On the steps of the U.S ... Roberts, Jr. As prescribed in the constitution, Obama was officially sworn into office on Sunday, Jan ... At his first inauguration four years ago, a miscue forced Obama and Roberts to repeat the oath in private ... Sen ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Examiner
21 Jan 2013
Ironically, these two organizations are concerned about the nexus between climate change and security and explored the national security impact of desertification, rising sea levels, population shifts and heightened competition for natural resources. They mention desertification and lack of water is especially troubling, since water is the one underlying factor for all humanity....(size: 15.5Kb)
The Observer
20 Jan 2013
Last week's Algerian gas field siege and hostage taking, unforeseen by its victims and dreadful in its consequences, came like a bolt from the blue ... Not unlike Darfur and parts of northern Sudan, Ethiopia's Ogaden region and Somalia, Mali's chronic political instability boils down in large part to a competition for diminishing resources, for productive land and water supplies that grow scarce as desertification proceeds apace ... Share ... ....(size: 8.5Kb)
The Examiner
19 Jan 2013
China's air pollution disaster is coming to America. The pollution comes from unprecedented levels of coal burning that has turned Beijing into a crisis zone ... According to a Jan ... A Jan. 18 Business Insider article describes oceanic wind patterns that carry air pollution from China, bringing contaminants such as mercury, ozone, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, black carbon and dust from China's growing desertification problems ... within days....(size: 2.8Kb)
noodls
19 Jan 2013
(Source. New Mexico State University) ... Date. 2013-01-18 ... The transition from grassland to shrubland that characterizes what researchers call "desertification" has been a major focus of the JRN LTER research of the past 30 years ... As the JRN LTER enters the current six-year grant period, Peters said that desertification is recognized as only one of several important types of transition researchers need to focus on in the Jornada Basin....(size: 9.0Kb)
Canberra Times
19 Jan 2013
Bunda Street in Civic, a pedestrian, cycling and motor vehicle free-for-all. Photo. Melissa Adams. A VERY good working rule of life is that one should ignore architect's ''concepts'' and artist's ''impressions'' of the landscaping of any proposed design or development. Hideousness should be seen straight on ... It is that I have to look at it and endure it more than most of those trying to foist it on us ... Desertification continues apace ... ....(size: 8.8Kb)
The Hindu
17 Jan 2013
The attack on the Algerian gas field on Wednesday has raised fears of the conflict in Mali becoming an international battle, bleeding across the porous borders of the Sahel and Sahara region ... a tangled mix of communal tensions, economic struggle, desertification, poverty, criminality, kidnapping and smuggling, which shifts seamlessly across borders ... Jon Marks, associate fellow at Chatham House, said ... These groups are international ... Mr....(size: 6.0Kb)
The Guardian
17 Jan 2013
Sahel and Sahara region is home to a tangled mix of social and economic problems which shift seamlessly across borders. French soldiers check their equipment. France has committed approximately 1,700 troops and air force units to Operation Serval in Mali. Photograph ... a tangled mix of communal tensions, economic struggle, desertification, poverty, criminality, kidnapping and smuggling, which shifts seamlessly across borders ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)
The Guardian
16 Jan 2013
Malians have welcomed France's decision to commit forces but there are fears conflict could spread in fragile Sahel region. Malian soldiers drive through the streets of Bamako. Photograph. Joe Penney/Reuters. The issue at a glance ... Islamists have warned that French troops will become bogged down for years. Brief history ... Mali is a vast landlocked country located in the heart of the Sahel, a region threatened by drought and desertification ... ....(size: 13.0Kb)
PhysOrg
14 Jan 2013
Every minute, 23 hectares of land face desertification, 5.5 hectares of land are transformed by urban encroachment (severely disturbing soil functions), and 10 hectares of soil are degraded, causing the soil to lose the capacity to support ecosystem functions ... This trend leads to food insecurity, contamination of water resources, desertification, and increased vulnerability to extreme climatic events ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
WorldNetDaily
13 Jan 2013
The study was conducted by the Faculty of Agriculture at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, with the help of the Agricultural Research Organization. Dr ... Read the full story ›. ....(size: 1.0Kb)
noodls
11 Jan 2013
(Source ... [Date. 2013-01-11] ... Every minute, 23 hectares of land face desertification, 5.5 hectares of land are transformed by urban encroachment (severely disturbing soil functions), and 10 hectares of soil are degraded, causing the soil to lose the capacity to support ecosystem functions ... This trend leads to food insecurity, contamination of water resources, desertification, and increased vulnerability to extreme climatic events ... RCN....(size: 5.1Kb)
Newstrack India
11 Jan 2013
Desertification is the degradation of land in any dryland.[2] It is caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change and human activities. Desertification is one of the most significant global environmental problems.[3]
Contents |
Definitions[link]
Considerable controversy exists over the proper definition of the term "desertification" for which Helmut Geist (2005) has identified more than 100 formal definitions.[2] The most widely accepted[2] of these is that of the Princeton University Dictionary which defines it as "the process of fertile land transforming into desert typically as a result of deforestation, drought or improper/inappropriate agriculture"[4]
The earliest known discussion of the topic arose soon after the French colonization of West Africa, when the Comité d'Etudes commissioned a study on desséchement progressif to explore the prehistoric expansion of the Sahara Desert.[5]
History[link]
The world's great deserts have been formed by natural processes interacting over long intervals of time. During most of these times, deserts have grown and shrunk independent of human activities. Paleodeserts are large sand seas now inactive because they are stabilized by vegetation, some extending beyond the present margins of core deserts, such as the Sahara, the largest hot desert.[6]
Desertification has played a significant role in human history, contributing to the collapse of several large empires, such as Carthage, Greece, and the Roman Empire, as well as causing displacement of local populations.[3][7]
Areas affected[link]
Drylands occupy approximately 40-41% of Earth’s land area[9][10] and are home to more than 2 billion people.[10] It has been estimated that some 10–20% of drylands are already degraded, the total area affected by desertification being between 6 and 12 million square kilometres, that about 1–6% of the inhabitants of drylands live in desertified areas, and that a billion people are under threat from further desertification.[11][12]
The Sahara is currently expanding south at a rate of up to 48 kilometers per year.[13]
Stages of desertification[link]
As the desertification takes place, the landscape progresses through different stages and continuously transforms in appearance. The desertification generally creates increasingly larger empty spaces over a large strip of land, a phenomenon known as "tiger fur pattern". A mathematical model has been made of it by Sjors van der Stelt.[14] Besides explaining the process of desertification, the model is also useful for developing methods to combat it (see also: Alternative_stable_state)[15].
Causes[link]
File:Cabrasnortechico.JPG
A herd of goats in Norte Chico, Chile. Overgrazing of drylands is one of the primary causes of desertification.
Dryland ecosystems are already very fragile, and can rarely sustain the increased pressures that result from intense population growth. Many of these areas are inappropriately opened to development, when they cannot sustain human settlements.[16]
The most common cause of desertification is the over cultivation of desert lands.[17] Over-cultivation causes the nutrients in the soil to be depleted faster than they are restored. Improper irrigation practices result in salinated soils, and depletion of aquifers.[16]
Vegetation plays a major role in determining the biological composition of the soil. Studies have shown that, in many environments, the rate of erosion and runoff decreases exponentially with increased vegetation cover.[18] Overgrazing removes this vegetation causing erosion and loss of topsoil.[16]
Desertification and poverty[link]
At least 90% of the inhabitants of drylands live in developing nations, where they also suffer from poor economic and social conditions.[11] This situation is exacerbated by land degradation because of the reduction in productivity, the precariousness of living conditions and the difficulty of access to resources and opportunities.[19]
A downward spiral is created in many underdeveloped countries by overgrazing, land exhaustion and overdrafting of groundwater in many of the marginally productive world regions due to overpopulation pressures to exploit marginal drylands for farming. Decision-makers are understandably averse to invest in arid zones with low potential. This absence of investment contributes to the marginalisation of these zones.When unfavourable agro-climatic conditions are combined with an absence of infrastructure and access to markets, as well as poorly adapted production techniques and an underfed and undereducated population, most such zones are excluded from development.[20]
Desertification often causes rural lands to become unable to support the same sized populations that previously lived there. This results in mass migrations out of rural areas and into urban areas, particularly in Africa. Because of these migrations into the cities, there are often large numbers of unemployed people who end up living in slums.[21][22]
Countermeasures and prevention[link]
Techniques exist for mitigating or reversing the effects of desertification, however there are numerous barriers to their implementation. One of these is that the costs of adopting sustainable agricultural practices sometimes exceed the benefits for individual farmers, even while they are socially and environmentally beneficial.[citation needed] Another issue is a lack of political will, and lack of funding to support land reclamation and anti-desertification programs.[23]
Desertification is recognized as a major threat to biodiversity. Some countries have developed Biodiversity Action Plans to counter its effects, particularly in relation to the protection of endangered flora and fauna.[24][25]
Reforestation gets at one of the root causes of desertification and isn't just a treatment of the symptoms. Environmental organizations[26] work in places where deforestation and desertification are contributing to extreme poverty. There they focus primarily on educating the local population about the dangers of deforestation and sometimes employ them to grow seedlings, which they transfer to severely deforested areas during the rainy season.[citation needed]
Techniques focus on two aspects: provisioning of water, and fixation and hyper-fertilizing soil.
Fixating the soil is often done through the use of shelter belts, woodlots and windbreaks. Windbreaks are made from trees and bushes and are used to reduce soil erosion and evapotranspiration. They were widely encouraged by development agencies from the middle of the 1980s in the Sahel area of Africa.
Some soils (for example, clay), due to lack of water can become consolidated rather than porous (as in the case of sandy soils). Some techniques as zaï or tillage are then used to still allow the planting of crops.[27]
Enriching of the soil and restoration of its fertility is often done by plants. Of these, the Leguminous plants which extract nitrogen from the air and fixes it in the soil, and food crops/trees as grains, barley, beans and dates are the most important. Sand fences can also be used to control drifting of soil and sand erosion.[28]
As there are many different types of deserts, there are also different types of desert reclamation methodologies. An example for this is the salt-flats in the Rub' al Khali desert in Saudi-Arabia. These salt-flats are one of the most promising desert areas for seawater agriculture and could be revitalized without the use of freshwater or much energy.[29]
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is another technique that has produced successful results for desert reclamation. Since 1980, this method to reforest degraded landscape has been applied with some success in Niger. This simple and low-cost method has enabled farmers to regenerate some 30,000 square kilometers in Niger. The process involves enabling native sprouting tree growth through selective pruning of shrub shoots. The residue from pruned tress can be used to provide mulching for fields thusincreasing soil water retention and reducing evaporation. Additionally, properly spaced and pruned trees can increase crop yields. The Humbo Assisted Regeneration Project which uses FMNR techniques in Ethiopia has received money from The World Bank’s BioCarbon Fund, which supports projects that sequester or conserve carbon in forests or agricultural ecosystems.[30]
See also[link]
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Environment portal |
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Ecology portal |
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Earth sciences portal |
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Biology portal |
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Global warming portal |
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Sustainable development portal |
Mitigation:
References[link]
- ^ Mayell, Hillary (April 26, 2001). "Shrinking African Lake Offers Lesson on Finite Resources". National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/04/0426_lakechadshrinks.html. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ a b c Geist (2005), p. 2
- ^ a b Geist (2005), p. 4
- ^ Google Dictionary (2012), [1]
- ^ Mortimore, Michael (1989). Adapting to drought: farmers, famines, and desertification in west Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-521-32312-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=Dx89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA12.
- ^ United States Geological Survey, "Desertification", 1997
- ^ Whitford, Walter G. (2002). Ecology of desert systems. Academic Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-12-747261-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=OZ4hZbXS8IcC&pg=PA277.
- ^ "Sun, Moon and Telescopes above the Desert". ESO Picture of the Week. http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1218a/. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ Bauer (2007), p. 78
- ^ a b Johnson et al (2006), p. 1
- ^ a b Holtz (2007)
- ^ World Bank (2009). Gender in agriculture sourcebook. World Bank Publications. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-8213-7587-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=XxBrq6hTs_UC&pg=PA454.
- ^ Hunger is spreading in Africa
- ^ Sjors van der Stelt
- ^ Straw squares method: planting with empty spaces in between plants to combat desertification
- ^ a b c Ci, Longjun & Yang, Xiaohui (2010). Desertification and Its Control in China. Springer. p. 10. ISBN 978-7-04-025797-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=agd8MFDYLXEC&pg=PA10.
- ^ Mares, Michael S., ed. (1999). "Middle East, deserts of". Encyclopedia of deserts. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 362. ISBN 978-0-8061-3146-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=g3CbqZtaF4oC&pg=PA362.
- ^ Geeson, Nichola et al (2002). Mediterranean desertification: a mosaic of processes and responses. John Wiley & Sons. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-470-84448-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58.
- ^ Dobie, Ph. 2001.“Poverty and the drylands,” in Global Drylands Imperative, Challenge paper, Undp, Nairobi (Kenya) 16 p.
- ^ Cornet A., 2002. Desertification and its relationship to the environment and development: a problem that affects us all. In: Ministère des Affaires étrangères/adpf, Johannesburg. World Summit on Sustainable Development. 2002. What is at stake? The contribution of scientists to the debate: 91-125..
- ^ Pasternak, Dov & Schlissel, Arnold (2001). Combating desertification with plants. Springer. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-306-46632-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=B-i8-DPf6xgC&pg=PA20.
- ^ Briassoulis, Helen (2005). Policy integration for complex environmental problems: the example of Mediterranean desertification. Ashgate Publishing. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7546-4243-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=CpYnV45hVRsC&pg=PA161.
- ^ Briassoulis, Helen (2005). Policy integration for complex environmental problems: the example of Mediterranean desertification. Ashgate Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-7546-4243-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=CpYnV45hVRsC&pg=PA237.
- ^ Techniques for Desert Reclamation by Andrew S. Goudie
- ^ Desert reclamation projects
- ^ For example, Eden Reforestation Projects.
- ^ Arid sandy soils becoming consolidated; zai-system
- ^ List of plants to halt desertification; some of which may be soil-fixating
- ^ Rethinking landscapes, Nicol-André Berdellé July 2011 H2O magazine
- ^ http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/10/18/sprouting-trees-from-the-underground-forest-a-simple-way-to-fight-desertification-and-climate-change/
Bibliography[link]
- Arnalds, Ólafur & Archer, Steve (2000). Rangeland Desertification. Springer. ISBN 978-0-7923-6071-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=E7kaBkPlJfAC.
- Barbault R., Cornet A., Jouzel J., Mégie G., Sachs I., Weber J. (2002). Johannesburg. World Summit on Sustainable Development. 2002. What is at stake? The contribution of scientists to the debate. Ministère des Affaires étrangères/adpf.
- Bauer, Steffan (2007). "Desertification". In Thai, Khi V. et al. Handbook of globalization and the environment. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-57444-553-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=mR3E4xJFNw0C&pg=PA77.
- Batterbury, S.P.J. & A.Warren (2001) Desertification. in N. Smelser & P. Baltes (eds.) International Encyclopædia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier Press. pp. 3526–3529
- Geist, Helmut (2005). The causes and progression of desertification. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4323-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=acbWdynlU3cC.
- Hartman, Ingrid (2008). "Desertification". In Philander, S. George. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change, Volume 1. SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4129-5878-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=mNoW858izZcC&pg=PA312.
- Hinman, C. Wiley & Hinman, Jack W. (1992). The plight and promise of arid land agriculture. Colombia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-06612-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=dMmEjsySvrUC.
- Holtz, Uwe (2007) Implementing the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification from a parliamentary point of view - Critical assessment and challenges ahead
- Johnson, Pierre Marc et al., ed. (2006). Governing global desertification: linking environmental degradation, poverty and participation. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4359-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=da6vhzHEpf0C.
- Lucke, Bernhard (2007): Demise of the Decapolis. Past and Present Desertification in the Context of Soil Development, Land Use, and Climate. Online at [2]
- Mensah, Joseph (2006). "Desertification". In Leonard, Thomas M.. Encyclopedia of the developing world, Volume 1. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-97662-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&pg=PA452.
- Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Desertification Synthesis Report
- Moseley, W.G. and E. Jerme 2010. “Desertification.” In: Warf, B. (ed). Encyclopedia of Geography. Sage Publications. Volume 2, pp. 715–719.
- Oliver, John E., ed. (2005). "Desertification". Encyclopedia of world climatology. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-3264-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=-mwbAsxpRr0C&pg=PA319.
- Parrillo, Vincent N., ed. (2008). "Desertification". Encyclopedia of social problems, Volume 2. SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4129-4165-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=mRGr_B4Y1CEC&pg=PT271.
- Reynolds, James F., and D. Mark Stafford Smith (ed.) (2002) Global Desertification – Do Humans Cause Deserts? Dahlem Workshop Report 88, Berlin: Dahlem University Press
- Stelt, Sjors van der (2012) Rise and Fall of Periodic Patterns for a Generalized Klausmeier-Gray-Scott Model, PhD Thesis University of Amsterdam
- UNCCD (1994) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
- Attribution
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/desertification/".
External links[link]
- Beyerlin, Ulrich. Desertification, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
- Taming The Yellow Dragon
- Bell, Trudy; Phillips, Tony, Dr. (December 6, 2002). "City-swallowing Sand Dunes". NASA. http://exploration.nasa.gov/articles/06dec_dunes.html. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
- Desert Research Institute in Nevada, United States
- Environmental Issues - Desertification in Africa, The Environmental Blog
- Desertification.Info - IOSD/CED^R Center on Ecological Desertification and Reforestation
- Eden Foundation article on desertification
- FAO Information Portal - Properties and Management of Drylands
- UNEP (2006): Global Deserts Outlook
- UNEP Programme on Success Stories in Land Degradation/ Desertification Control
- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification - Secretariat
- A guide for desert and dryland restoration by David A. Bainbridge
- French Scientific Committee on Desertification (CSFD)
- News
- Fighting Desertification Through Conservation Report on a project to stop the advance of the Sahara in Algeria - IPS, 27 February 2007
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
