Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Geometry
• Topology
• Trignometry
• Combinatorics
• Logic
• Number theory

Applied mathematics

• Dynamical systems and differential equations
• Mathematical physics
• Computing
• Information theory and signal processing
• Probability and statistics
• Game theory
• Operations research

Related Topics

• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Linear Equations
• Applied Physics
• Nano Technology
• Engineering Sciences
• Mathematical Medicine
• Fluid dynamics
• Computational Mathematics
• Gamma Ray Optics
• Onfrared Optics
• Relative Velocity
• Iciam
• Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Neuroscience Research
• Quantum Cosmology
• Brain Research

• Carl Ouellet
• DBC Pierre
• French language
• Given name
• Juan Pierre
• Monsieur Pierre
• Peter (first name)
• Peter of Maricourt
• Pierre
• Pierre Bezukhov
• Pierre Boulez
• Pierre Bourgault
• Pierre Bouvier
• Pierre Bézier
• Pierre Capretz
• Pierre Cardin
• Pierre Chambrin
• Pierre Clostermann
• Pierre Corréia
• Pierre Curie
• Pierre de Coubertin
• Pierre de Fermat
• Pierre Escargot
• Pierre Fourier
• Pierre Gagnaire
• Pierre Garçon
• Pierre Gemayel
• Pierre Harmel
• Pierre Henry
• Pierre Hermans
• Pierre Jeanpierre
• Pierre Lewis
• Pierre Morel
• Pierre Pilote
• Pierre Poilievre
• Pierre Salinger
• Pierre Schaeffer
• Pierre Shammassian
• Pierre Taki
• Pierre Thomas
• Pierre Trudeau
• Pierre Turgeon
• Pierre van Hooijdonk
• Pierre van Maldere
• Pierre-Simon
• Raymond Pierre
• Roger Pierre
• 
  

• 
  London
  London ⁱ/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
  London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
  
  wn.com/London
• 
  Siena College
  Siena College is an independent Roman Catholic liberal arts college in Loudonville, New York. Siena is a four-year, coeducational, independent college in the Franciscan tradition, founded by the Franciscan Friars in 1937. It has 3,200 full-time students and offers undergraduate degrees in business, liberal arts, and sciences. Tuition for the 2011-2012 academic year is $28,910 and standard room and board is $11,434.
  It was named after Saint Bernardino of Siena, the illustrious 15th century Franciscan scholar and friar.
  Siena will be giving Derek Jeter its first honorary degree, a doctorate in Humane Letters, on May 13.
  The college is an urban campus taking up 174 acres (70 ha) at the northern edge of Loudonville. The campus includes:
  Siena College, due to United States Army funding, was forced to shut down their ROTC program, on campus. Current enrolled Cadets are now required to travel to other schools in the region, in order to continue participation in the Reserved Officer Training Corps.
  
  wn.com/Siena_College
• 
  United States
  The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
  At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
  
  wn.com/United_States
• 
  Virginia
  Virginia (ⁱ/vərˈdʒɪnjə/), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population is over eight million.
  The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties separated to form the state of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under conservative single-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.
  
  wn.com/Virginia
• 
  White House
  The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
  In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
  
  wn.com/White_House

• 
  Abbé Pierre
  L'Abbé Pierre, GOQ (born Henri Marie Joseph Grouès; 5 August 1912–22 January 2007) was a French Catholic priest, member of the Resistance during World War II, and deputy of the Popular Republican Movement (MRP). He founded in 1949 the Emmaus movement, which has the goal of helping poor and homeless people and refugees. Abbé means abbot in French, and is also used as a courtesy title given to Catholic priests in French-speaking countries. He was one of the most popular figures in France, but had his name removed from such polls after some time.
  Henri Grouès was born on 5 August 1912 in Lyon, France to a wealthy Catholic family of silk traders, the fifth of eight children. He spent his childhood in Irigny, near Lyon. He was twelve when he met François Chabbey and went for the first time with his father to an Order circle, the brotherhood of the "Hospitaliers veilleurs" in which the mainly middle-class members would serve the poor by providing barber services.
  
  wn.com/Abbé_Pierre
• Carl Ouellet
  Carl Joseph Yvon Ouellet (born December 30, 1967) is a retired Canadian professional wrestler. He has worked for, among other promotions, the World Wrestling Federation, World Championship Wrestling, Extreme Championship Wrestling, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.
  Carl Ouellet debuted in 1987. He worked on the independent circuit, at one point forming a tag team with "Evil" Eddie Watts known as the "Super Bees".
  In 1993, he met Jacques Rougeau in Puerto Rico, who brought him to the World Wrestling Federation as his tag team partner. As one half of The Quebecers, Ouellet adopted the name Pierre and dressed like Mounties. This was a reference to Jacques's previous gimmick, The Mountie, which the Royal Canadian Mounted Police had banned him from using in Canada, fearing that the heelish character of The Mountie would lead to children mistrusting legitimate law enforcers. The Quebecers sang their own entrance theme, in which they announced that, contrary to appearances, "We're not the Mounties". Later in the year they were joined by manager, Johnny Polo.
  
  wn.com/Carl_Ouellet
• DBC Pierre
  DBC Pierre (born Peter Warren Finlay) is a writer known for his novel Vernon God Little. The "DBC" part of his nom-de-plume (normally so written, without punctuation) stands for "Dirty But Clean". "Pierre" was a nickname bestowed on him by childhood friends after the cartoon character "Dirty Pierre" from the television series "Super-6".
  He was born in South Australia in 1961, before moving to Mexico, where Pierre was largely raised. Having since lived in Spain, Australia, England and the West Indies, he now resides in the Republic of Ireland.
  Pierre was awarded the Booker Prize for fiction on 14 October 2003 for Vernon God Little, his first novel, becoming the third Australian-born author to be so honoured. Upon winning the Whitbread First Novel Award in 2003 he became the first writer ever to receive a Booker and a Whitbread for the same book. The book also won the Bollinger Wodehouse Everyman Prize for comic literature at the Hay Festival in 2003, and earned the author a James Joyce Award from the Literary and Historical Society of University College Dublin.
  
  wn.com/DBC_Pierre
• 
  Juan Pierre
  Juan D'Vaughn Pierre (born August 14, 1977 in Mobile, Alabama) is an outfielder in Major League Baseball who currently plays for the Philadelphia Phillies. He bats and throws left-handed. He is a close friend of fellow Major-Leaguer and former teammate Dontrelle Willis, and the godfather of his three children.
  Pierre, who was named after Dominican Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal, went to high school at Alexandria Senior High School in Alexandria, Louisiana.
  Prior to his professional career, he played at Galveston College and the University of South Alabama, where he was 1998 Sun Belt Conference Player of the Year.
  Pierre began his professional career with the Portland Rockies of the Northwest League, after being selected by Colorado in the 13th round of the 1998 MLB Draft. He won the league batting and stolen base titles in his first professional season, and was a fan favorite even at that level. Pierre moved on to the Asheville Tourists the following year, again batting well over .300, and began 2000 with the Carolina Mudcats before finishing the year in Colorado.
  
  wn.com/Juan_Pierre
• Monsieur Pierre
  Monsieur Pierre, or simply Pierre, was the professional name of Pierre Jean Phillipe Zurcher-Margolle, (born Toulon, France – London, 1963). Pierre was a professional dancer and dance teacher: he was primarily responsible for introducing the Latin American dances to England, and for codifying them, and laying the groundwork for their use in competitions and in social dance. The system he and his colleagues developed became the basis for all Latin and American competitions held under the World Dance Council (WDC).
  As a young man, Pierre's engineering studies at Zurich University were abruptly halted when he was struck in the eye by a tennis ball. This accident resulted in the loss of sight in that eye. After this accident he went to live in Paris where his spare time was spent in the night clubs where Cuban and other Latin immigrants enjoyed their music and dances. Pierre next worked in the French consular service in Liverpool, but was forced to resign when the eye strain began to affect the sighted eye. He moved to London, where he enjoyed ice skating and dancing. After World War I ended in 1918 he started on a career as a professional ballroom dancer. Although he spent the rest of his life resident in London, Pierre never gave up his French citizenship.
  
  wn.com/Monsieur_Pierre
• 
  Pierre Bezukhov
  Count (Graf) Pyotr "Pierre" Kirillovich Bezukhov (Russian: Пьер Безухов, Пётр Кириллович Безухов, or Pierre Bezuhov according to Rosemary Edmonds translation) is a central fictional character in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. He is the favourite of several illegitimate sons of the wealthy nobleman Count Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhov.
  At the opening of the novel, Pierre is a young man who has recently returned to Russia to seek a career after completing his education abroad. Although a well-meaning, kind hearted young man, he is awkward and out of place in the Russian high society in whose circles he starts to move. Pierre, though intelligent, is not dominated by reason, as his friend Prince Andrey Nikolayevich Bolkonsky is. His lack of direction leads him to fall in with a group of profligate young men like Anatole Kuragin and Dolokhov whose pranks and heavy drinking cause mild scandals. After a particularly outrageous escapade in which a policeman is strapped to the back of a bear and thrown into a river, Pierre is sent away from St. Petersburg.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Bezukhov
• 
  Pierre Boulez
  Pierre Boulez (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ bu.lɛːz]) (born 26 March 1925) is a French composer of contemporary classical music, a pianist, and a conductor.
  Boulez was born in Montbrison, Loire, France. As a child he began piano lessons and demonstrated aptitude in both music and mathematics. He pursued the latter at Lyon before pursuing music at the Paris Conservatoire under Olivier Messiaen and the wife of Arthur Honegger, Andrée Vaurabourg.
  Through Messiaen, Boulez discovered twelve-tone technique — which he would later study privately with René Leibowitz — and went on to write atonal music in a post-Webernian serial style. Boulez was initially part of a cadre of early supporters of Leibowitz, but due to an altercation with Leibowitz, their relations turned divisive, as Boulez spent much of his career promoting the music of Messiaen instead.
  The first fruits of this were his cantatas Le visage nuptial and Le soleil des eaux for female voices and orchestra, both composed in the late 1940s and revised several times since, as well as the Second Piano Sonata of 1948, a well-received 32-minute work that Boulez composed at the age of 23. Thereafter, Boulez was influenced by Messiaen's research to extend twelve-tone technique beyond the realm of pitch organization, serialising durations, dynamics, mode of attack, and so on. This technique became known as integral serialism.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Boulez
• Pierre Bourgault
  Pierre Bourgault (January 23, 1934 – June 16, 2003) was a French Canadian politician and essayist of Norman-Breton origin, as well as an actor and journalist from Quebec, Canada. He is most famous as a public speaker who advocated sovereignty for Quebec from Canada.
  Bourgault (pronounced Bour-go) was born in East Angus in the Estrie (Eastern Townships) region of Quebec. His father was a civil servant and his mother, a homemaker. His parents sent him to boarding school at age 7, determined that he should receive the education which they lacked. After secondary school, he briefly attended the seminary and entertained the idea of a possible indoctrination into the priesthood, per ancestral tradition, but reneged on his obligation shortly thereafter. He remained "fascinated" by scripture, even with his declaration of atheism in older age. He is today entombed within the traditionally Catholic Notre Dame cemetery in Montreal.
  Beginning in the early 1960s, he supported Quebec independence from Canada and in 1960 helped found the pro-independence Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale. He participated a number of union strikes and marches that resulted in violence. In 1964, he became leader of the RIN. In 1968, he disbanded the RIN and invited its members to join René Lévesque's Mouvement Souveraineté-Association and the Ralliement national in the newly founded Parti Québécois, under Lévesque's leadership. During the St. Jean Baptiste celebration in 1968, he and other supporters rioted and threw objects in the direction of Pierre Trudeau. He and 300 others were arrested for this incident. In the 1970 Quebec election, he was the Parti Québécois candidate in Mercier electoral district, running unsuccessfully against Liberal leader (and soon-to-be Premier) Robert Bourassa.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Bourgault
• 
  Pierre Bouvier
  Pierre Charles Bouvier (9 May 1979) is a French Canadian musician, who is best known as the lead singer for pop punk band Simple Plan.
  At the age of 13, he founded the punk rock band Reset with his best friend Chuck Comeau in which he was the bassist and lead vocalist. He wasn't feeling happy with Reset and left the band in 1999, a year after Chuck Comeau. His current bandmate David Desrosiers took his place as lead vocalist/bassist. He then reacquainted with Chuck Comeau at a Sugar Ray concert and joined him in creating Simple Plan with old schoolmates Jeff Stinco and Sébastien Lefebvre. David Desrosiers also left Reset and joined the new band.
  He is co-owner of Role Model Clothing, along with Chuck Comeau and Patrick Langlois.
  He hosted the MTV reality show Damage Control.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Bouvier
• Pierre Bézier
  Pierre Étienne Bézier (September 1, 1910 – November 25, 1999; [ˈpjɛʁ eˈtjɛn beˈzje]) was a French engineer and one of the founders of the fields of solid, geometric and physical modeling as well as in the field of representing curves, especially in CAD/CAM systems. As an engineer at Renault, he became a leader in the transformation of design and manufacturing, through mathematics and computing tools, into computer-aided design and three-dimensional modeling.
  Bézier patented and popularized, but did not invent the Bézier curves and Bézier surfaces that are now used in most computer-aided design and computer graphics systems.
  Born in Paris, Bézier was the son and grandson of engineers. He obtained a degree in mechanical engineering from the École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers in 1930. He earned a second degree in electrical engineering in 1931 at the École Supérieure d'Électricité, and a doctorate in 1977 in mathematics from the University of Paris.
  From 1968 to 1979 Bézier was Professor of Production Engineering at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Bézier
• Pierre Capretz
  Pierre Jean Capretz (born 1925) is an educator and writer, noted for his audio-visual methods for teaching French. A graduate of the University of Paris, he began teaching French in 1949 at the University of Florida and joined the faculty of Yale University in 1956, eventually becoming Director of the Language Laboratory and then Director of the Language Development Studio. He is best known as the creator and host of the PBS television series French in Action. He received an honorary Doctor of Letters from Middlebury College in August 1993.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Capretz
• 
  Pierre Cardin
  Pierre Cardin (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ kaʁdɛ̃]), born Pietro Cardin, is an Italian-born French fashion designer who was born on 7 July 1922, at San Biagio di Callalta near Treviso.
  Cardin was known for his avant-garde style and his Space Age designs. He prefers geometric shapes and motifs, often ignoring the female form. He advanced into unisex fashions, sometimes experimental, and not always practical. He introduced the "bubble dress" in 1954.
  Pierre Cardin was also designated UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 1991.
  On 16 October 2009, Pierre Cardin was nominated Goodwill Ambassador of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
  Cardin moved to Paris in 1945. There, he studied architecture and worked with the fashion house of Paquin after the war. He worked with Elsa Schiaparelli until he became head of Christian Dior's tailleure atelier in 1947, but was denied work at Balenciaga.
  Cardin founded his own house in 1950. His career was launched when he designed about 30 of the costumes for "the party of the century", a masquerade ball at Palazzo Labia in Venice on 3 September 1951, hosted by the palazzo's owner, Carlos de Beistegui. He began with haute couture in 1953.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Cardin
• Pierre Chambrin
  Pierre Chambrin (born September 13, 1947 in Paris, France) was the White House Executive Chef from 1992 to 1994.
  Chambrin was born in Paris on Sept. 13, 1947. He received his culinary education at the Ecole des Metiers de l'alimentation, which he attended from 1961 to 1963. He moved to the United States in 1969 and opened a restaurant in Massachusetts. In 1979 Chambrin took over the Washington, D.C. restaurant Maison Blanche, located near the White House.
  Chambrin was appointed under the presidency of George H. W. Bush to succeed Hans Raffert. Under the Clinton administration, a group of prominent American chefs, led by Alice Waters, sent a letter to the White House urging an appointment of a chef who would "promote American cooking," although Chambrin stated that he was already using American ingredients and that his first concern was food quality.Ruth Reichl defended the chef in an article in the Los Angeles Times, calling him "enthusiastic about just about everything organic, and so excited by the idea of seasonality," and pointing out that it was not the norm for new administrations to appoint a new chef. In March 1994, however, Chambrin resigned after a push from the administration to impose newer health standards, specifically using food with less fat, a standard that Chambrin was unwilling to conform to. It was widely reported that he was asked to resign, although he says that this is not the case and it was his own decision. Chambrin's staff of three chefs left the White House with him. He was succeeded by Walter Scheib.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Chambrin
• 
  Pierre Clostermann
  Pierre Clostermann (28 February 1921 – 22 March 2006) was a French flying ace, author, engineer, politician and sporting fisherman. Over his flying career he was awarded the Grand-Croix of the French Légion d'Honneur, French Croix de Guerre, British DFC and bar, Distinguished Service Cross (USA), Silver Star (USA), and the Air Medal (USA).
  Clostermann was born in Curitiba, Brazil, into a French diplomatic family. He completed his secondary education in France and gained his private pilot's licence in 1937.
  On the outbreak of war the French authorities refused his application for service, so he travelled to Los Angeles to become a commercial pilot, studying at the California Institute of Technology [1]. Clostermann joined the Free French Air Force in Britain in March 1942.
  After training at RAF Cranwell and 61 OTU, Clostermann, a Sergeant Pilot, was posted in January 1943 to No. 341 Squadron RAF (known to the Free French as Groupe de Chasse n° 3/2 "Alsace"), flying the Supermarine Spitfire.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Clostermann
• Pierre Corréia
  Pierre Corréia (born 4 December 1983) is a French rugby union player. Corréia, who is a loosehead prop, plays for Albi in the Top 14. His only game for France was against Australia on 5 July 2008.
  Corréia began his professional career at Albi in 2005, but was forced to leave the club following their relegation at the end of the 2007–08 season. Having been named in the French squad for the 2008 mid-year rugby test series, Corréia was targeted by most of the Top 14 clubs. He chose to move to Stade Français, but, following a virus early in the season, he struggled for form and fitness throughout his time at the club. He returned to Albi, who had regained their Top 14 status, prior to the 2009–10 Top 14 season.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Corréia
• 
  Pierre Curie
  Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity, and Nobel laureate. In 1903 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Salomea Skłodowska-Curie, and Henri Becquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel".
  Born in Paris, France, Pierre was the son of Dr. Eugène Curie (28 August 1827 – 25 February 1910)' and Sophie-Claire Depouilly Curie (15 January 1832 – 27 September 1897). He was educated by his father, and in his early teens showed a strong aptitude for mathematics and geometry. When he was 16, he earned his math degree. By the age of 18 he had completed the equivalent of a higher degree, but did not proceed immediately to a doctorate due to lack of money. Instead he worked as a laboratory instructor.
  In 1880, Pierre and his older brother Jacques (1856–1941) demonstrated that an electric potential was generated when crystals were compressed, i.e. piezoelectricity. To aid their work, they invented the Piezoelectic Quartz Electrometer. Shortly afterwards, in 1881, they demonstrated the reverse effect: that crystals could be made to deform when subject to an electric field. Almost all digital electronic circuits now rely on this in the form of crystal oscillators.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Curie
• 
  Pierre de Coubertin
  Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ də kubɛʁtɛ̃]; 1 January 1863 – 2 September 1937) was a French educationalist and historian, founder of the International Olympic Committee, and is considered the father of the modern Olympic Games. Born into a French aristocratic family, he became an academic and studied a broad range of topics, most notably education and history.
  Pierre Frédy was born in Paris on 1 January 1863 into an established aristocratic family. He was the fourth child of Baron Charles Louis Frédy, Baron de Coubertin and Marie–Marcelle Gigault de Crisenoy. Family tradition held that the Frédy name had first arrived in France in the early 15th century, and the first recorded title of nobility granted to the family was given by Louis XI to an ancestor, also named Pierre de Frédy, in 1477. But other branches of his family tree delved even further into French history, and the annals of both sides of his family included nobles of various stations, military leaders, and associates of kings and princes of France.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_de_Coubertin
• 
  Pierre de Fermat
  Pierre de Fermat (French pronunciation: [pjɛːʁ dəfɛʁˈma]; 17 August 1601 or 1607/8 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and an amateur mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which is analogous to that of the then unknown differential calculus, and his research into number theory. He made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics. He is best known for Fermat's Last Theorem, which he described in a note at the margin of a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica.
  Fermat was born in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, Tarn-et-Garonne, France; the late 15th century mansion where Fermat was born is now a museum. He was of Basque origin. Fermat's father was a wealthy leather merchant and second consul of Beaumont-de-Lomagne. Pierre had a brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth. There is little evidence concerning his school education, but it may have been at the local Franciscan monastery.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_de_Fermat
• Pierre Gagnaire
  Pierre Gagnaire (9 April 1950 in Apinac, Loire) is a well known French chef, and is the Head Chef and owner of the eponymous Pierre Gagnaire restaurant at 6 rue Balzac in Paris (in the 8th arrondissement). Gagnaire is an iconoclastic chef at the forefront of the fusion cuisine movement. Beginning his career in St. Etienne where he won three Michelin Stars, Gagnaire tore at the conventions of classic French cooking by introducing jarring juxtapositions of flavours, tastes, textures, and ingredients. On his website Pierre Gagnaire gives his mission statement as the wish to run a restaurant which is 'facing tomorrow but respectful of yesterday' ("tourné vers demain mais soucieux d'hier").
  The restaurant specializes in modern French cuisine, and has garnered three Michelin stars. Gagnaire is also Head Chef of Sketch in London. In 2005 both restaurants were ranked in the S.Pellegrino World's 50 Best Restaurants by industry magazine Restaurant, with Pierre Gagnaire ranking third in 2006 and 2007.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Gagnaire
• 
  Pierre Garçon
  Pierre Garçon (English pronunciation: /piˈɛər ɡɑrˈsoʊn/; born August 8, 1986, in West Palm Beach, Florida) is an American football wide receiver of Haitian descent who plays for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at Mount Union.
  Garçon attended John I. Leonard High School in Greenacres, Florida. He earned two varsity letters in football and also competed in track and soccer.
  Garçon started his college career at Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont. As a freshman in 2004, he played in ten games and had 44 receptions for 1,017 yards and 13 touchdowns. Wanting to play in a more football oriented program, he transferred to Mount Union College in the Ohio Athletic Conference. He averaged over 60 catches, 1000 yards and 15 touchdowns in his career as a Purple Raider. While at Mount Union he led the team to two consecutive Div III National Championships, falling just short of a third. During his sophomore season in 2005, he earned Ohio Athletic Conference second-team honors after having 68 receptions for 1,196 yards and 16 touchdowns. As a junior, he was named to the Ohio Athletic Conference first-team and was the recipient of the Ed Sherman Award for the OAC's most outstanding receiver. That season, he was third in the nation with 1,212 receiving yards and had 67 receptions with 17 touchdowns. As a senior in 2007, Garçon was Ohio Athletic Conference first-team and was the recipient of the Ed Sherman Award, for the second time. He had 67 receptions for 955 yards and 14 touchdowns.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Garçon
• 
  Pierre Gemayel
  Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: الشيخ بيار الجميّل‎) (November 6, 1905 – August 29, 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil, Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries), was a Lebanese political leader. He is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalangist Party), as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of Bachir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected to the Presidency of the Republic in his lifetime. He opposed the French Mandate over Lebanon in the late 1930s and early 1940s, and advocated an independent state, free from foreign control. He was known for his deft political maneuvering, which led him to take positions which were seen by supporters as pragmatic, but by opponents as contradictory, or even hypocritical. Although publicly sympathetic to the Palestinian cause, he later changed his position due to Palestinian support of the Lebanese National Movement and its calls to end the National Pact and establish non-sectarian democracy.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Gemayel
• 
  Pierre Harmel
  Pierre Charles José Marie Harmel, Count Harmel (16 March 1911 – 15 November 2009) was a Belgian lawyer, Christian Democratic politician and diplomat. Harmel served eight months as the 40th Prime Minister of Belgium.
  He was born in Uccle, son of father Charles Harmel and mother Eusibie André. He studied law at the University of Liège (Liège), where he obtained the titles of Doctor of Laws and Master of Social Sciences in 1933. During his studies, he was active in the Association catholique belge, of which he became the chairman in 1938.
  Mobilized in 1940, he took part in the 18 days Campaign. In 1947, he was appointed professor of Law at the University of Liège.
  Member of the PSC-CVP since its creation in 1945, Harmel was elected deputy for the first time in the parliamentary elections of 17 February 1946. He would keep his seat without interruption until 1971.
  Harmel represented Belgium at the fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1949. He subsequently was member of several governments in the 1950s and 1960s.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Harmel
• 
  Pierre Henry
  Pierre Henry (born 9 December 1927) is a French composer, considered a pioneer of the musique concrète genre of electronic music.
  Pierre Henry was born in Paris, France, and began experimenting at the age of 15 with sounds produced by various objects. He became fascinated with the integration of noise into music. He studied with Nadia Boulanger, Olivier Messiaen, and Félix Passerone at the Paris Conservatoire from 1938 to 1948 (Dhomont 2001).
  Between 1949 and 1958, Henry worked at the Club d'Essai studio at RTF, which had been founded by Pierre Schaeffer in 1943 (Dhomont 2001). During this period, he wrote the 1950 piece Symphonie pour un homme seul, in cooperation with Schaeffer; he also composed the first musique concrète to appear in a commercial film, the 1952 short film Astrologie ou le miroir de la vie. Henry has scored numerous additional films and ballets.
  Two years after leaving the RTF, he founded with Jean Baronnet the first private electronic studio in France, the Apsone-Cabasse Studio (Dhomont 2001).
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Henry
• Pierre Hermans
  Lambertus Maria Petrus ("Pierre") Hermans (born May 16, 1953 in Vught, Noord-Brabant) is a former field hockey goalkeeper from The Netherlands, who was a member of the Dutch National Men's Team that finished sixth in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. Hermans earned a total number of 86 caps, in the years 1977-1984. After the Los Angeles Games he retired from international competition.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Hermans
• Pierre Jeanpierre
  Pierre Paul Jeanpierre (14 March 1912 – 29 May 1958) was a French Army officer. He fought during World War II, the First Indochina War, the Suez Crisis and the Algerian War, where he was killed in action. Apart from a short time in the French resistance, he served exclusively with French Foreign Legion units, most notably as commander of the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment.
  He joined the 131st Infantry Regiment as private in 1930 and worked his way up, graduating from officer school in 1936. He was made Second Lieutenant in 1937 in the 1st Foreign Regiment of the French Foreign Legion. After World War II started in 1939, he served in the 6th Foreign Regiment, deployed in Levant.
  He refused to join the Free French Forces, instead chose to return to the Legion in Marseilles. There he joined the French Resistance after the invasion of the free zone by German and Italian forces in November 1942 (Operation Anton). He was taken prisoner in 1944 and interred in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Jeanpierre
• 
  Pierre Morel
  Pierre Morel (born 12 May 1964) is a French cinematographer and film director.
  After spending his formative years in cinema school, Pierre Morel debuted in 2000 as camera operator with the first Richard Berry's film L'Art (délicat) de la séduction.
  The next year, he began a career as cinematographer, working with such directors as Louis Leterrier, Corey Yuen, Nancy Meyers, Alek Keshishian, Luc Besson and Phillip Atwell. At the same time, he directed his first film District 13 in 2004, followed by Taken in 2008 and From Paris with Love, in 2010.
  According to an online article, Morel has taken over the directing duties for the upcoming Paramount remake of Frank Herbert's Dune. Morel will replace Peter Berg who left the film in October 2009. He has since left the project. He was in talk to direct the film adaption of the Hasbro game Ouija.
  Some critics have the opinion that Morel has a racist agenda for his negative portrayal of Albanians and Arabs in the film Taken. The Daily Telegraph's view was "Taken is notable mainly for its racist stereotyping of Arabs and eastern Europeans." He has also been criticised for the film From Paris with Love, for its portrayal of Pakistani terrorists.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Morel
• 
  Pierre Pilote
  Joseph Albert Pierre Paul Pilote (born December 11, 1931) is a former professional ice hockey defenceman. After playing junior hockey for the St. Catharines Teepees in the Ontario Hockey Association, Pilote played minor professional hockey for the Buffalo Bisons in the American Hockey League. Pilote played 890 games in the National Hockey League. He scored 80 goals and 418 assists for 498 points in 13 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks and one year for the Toronto Maple Leafs.
  His family moved to Fort Erie, Ontario - across the Peace Bridge from Buffalo, New York - when he was very young. Because the local rink collapsed in a storm, Pilote did not play his first organized hockey game until he was 17 years of age.
  Pilote was a three-time recipient of the Norris Trophy as outstanding defenceman in 1963, 1964, and 1965 as well as runner-up in 1962, 1966 and 1967. He was on the first or second all-star team every year from 1960 to 1967. During his playing career, he was respected as an iron man playing 376 consecutive games. Wearing his familiar number 3, Pilote played his best hockey teamed with Elmer 'Moose' Vasko on the Chicago blue line. Together they formed one of the great all-time defence pairings. " Pete" was one of the greatest offensive blue-liners, who often carried the puck up ice. He was a fixture on the Chicago power play on the point due to his ability to handle the puck. Pilote was noted for wearing a snappy crew cut, donning the helmet in later years.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Pilote
• Pierre Poilievre
  Pierre Poilievre, MP (born June 3, 1979 in Calgary, Alberta) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is currently a member of the Canadian House of Commons representing the suburban Ottawa riding of Nepean-Carleton. First elected in 2004, Poilievre was re-elected in 2006 and 2008. Poilievre received the second highest vote total of any candidate in the 2008 election. Poilievre is a member of the Conservative Party and serves as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Transport, Infrastructure and Communities and for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario.
  Poilievre studied international relations at the University of Calgary, following a period of study in commerce at the same institution.
  Before entering politics, Poilievre was a co-owner and operator of 3D Contact Inc., a polling and consulting firm, the other founder being Calgary MLA Jonathan Denis. He has also worked for Magna International, focussing on communications, and has done public relations work in Toronto. Prior to his election, Poilievre did policy work for Canadian Alliance MPs Stockwell Day and Jason Kenney, and worked as a full-time assistant to Day.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Poilievre
• 
  Pierre Salinger
  Pierre Emil George Salinger (June 14, 1925 – October 16, 2004) was a White House Press Secretary to U.S. Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He later became known for his work as an ABC News correspondent, and in particular for his stories on the American hostage crisis in Iran, the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie Scotland, and his claims as to the cause of the explosion of TWA flight 800.
  Salinger served as a United States Senator in 1964 and was campaign manager for the Robert F. Kennedy presidential campaign.
  Salinger was born in San Francisco, California. His father, Herbert Salinger, was a New York City-born mining engineer, and his mother, Jehanne (née Biétry), was a French-born journalist. His maternal grandfather, Pierre Biétry, was a member of the French National Assembly and devised Yellow socialism. Salinger was raised in his mother's Catholic religion (his father was Jewish). Salinger attended public magnet Lowell High School. After serving with the United States Navy to Lieutenant, junior grade during World War II, Salinger earned a B.S. from the University of San Francisco in 1947. Salinger then began his journalism career as a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle and as a contributing Editor to Collier's in the 1940s and 1950s.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Salinger
• 
  Pierre Schaeffer
  Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (ⁱ/piːˈɛər ˈhɛnriː məˈriː ˈʃeɪfər/; 14 August 1910 – 19 August 1995) was a French composer, writer, broadcaster, engineer, musicologist and acoustician of the 20th century. His innovative work in both the sciences —particularly communications and acoustics— and the various arts of music, literature and radio presentation after the end of World War II, as well as his anti-nuclear activism and cultural criticism garnered him widespread recognition in his lifetime.
  Amongst the vast range of works and projects he undertook, Schaeffer is most widely and currently recognized for his accomplishments in electronic and experimental music, at the core of which stands his role as the chief developer of a unique and early form of avant-garde music known as musique concrète. The genre emerged out of Europe from the utilization of new music technology developed in the post-Nazi Germany era, following the advance of electroacoustic and acousmatic music.
  Schaeffer's writings (which include written and radio-narrated essays, biographies, short novels, a number of musical treatises and several plays) are often oriented towards his development of the genre, as well as the theoretics and philosophy of music in general.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Schaeffer
• Pierre Taki
  Pierre Taki (ピエール瀧, Piēru Taki^?, born April 8, 1967) was the front man for Japanese technopop group Denki Groove, which consisted of himself and Takkyū Ishino. As of 2001 he was involved in an exhibit called Prince Tongha with Hideyuki Tanaka in New York City.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Taki
• Pierre Thomas
  Pierre Thomas, sieur du Fossé (1634–1698) was a French scholar and author, and was the son of a master of accounts at Rouen. He was sent as a child to be educated to the Jansenists^{[citation needed]} at Port-Royal des Champs. There he received his bent towards the life of a recluse, and even of a hermit, which drew him to establish himself in the neighborhood of Port-Royal des Champs. There he associated with Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, Antoine Singlin, Robert Arnauld d'Andilly and Antoine Le Maistre.^{[citation needed]}
  In 1661 he came to Paris, and in 1666 was arrested along with Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy, and after a month in the Bastille was exiled to his estate of Fossé near Forges-les-Eaux. He later made yearly visits to Paris during the winter months. Apart from his collaboration with de Sacy on a French translation of the Bible, Thomas wrote some hagiographic works and left Mémoires (1697–1698 and again 1876–1879), which are highly praised by Sainte-Beuve as being a remarkable mirror of the life at Port-Royal.^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Thomas
• 
  Pierre Trudeau
  Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau CC, CH, PC, QC, FSRC ( /truːˈdoʊ/; French pronunciation: [tʁydo]; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.
  Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals, but he eventually joined the Liberal Party of Canada when he entered federal politics in the 1960s. He was appointed as Lester Pearson's Parliamentary Secretary, and later became his Minister of Justice. From his base in Montreal, Trudeau took control of the Liberal Party and became a charismatic leader, inspiring "Trudeaumania". From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, he dominated the Canadian political scene and aroused passionate reactions. "Reason before passion" was his personal motto. He retired from politics in 1984, and John Turner succeeded him as Prime Minister.
  Admirers praise the force of Trudeau's intellect and they salute his political acumen in preserving national unity against Quebec separatists, suppressing a violent revolt, and establishing the Charter of Rights and Freedoms within Canada's constitution. Critics accuse him of arrogance, economic mismanagement, and unduly favouring the federal government relative to the provinces, especially in trying to control the oil wealth of the Prairies.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Trudeau
• 
  Pierre Turgeon
  Pierre Turgeon (born August 28, 1969) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres, New York Islanders, Montreal Canadiens, St. Louis Blues, Dallas Stars and the Colorado Avalanche. Turgeon is the younger brother of former NHL player Sylvain Turgeon. He participated in the NHL All-Star Game in 1990, 1993, 1994 and 1996.
  Turgeon was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres as the 1st overall pick in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft. Rick Jeanneret, play-by-play announcer for the Sabres, coined the phrase "Ooh-la-la Pierre" for Pierre Turgeon.
  Turgeon would quickly make an impact with the Sabres once he arrived. In his rookie season, he contributed a respectable 42 points (14 goals, 28 assists) during the 1987–88 NHL season helping the Sabres reach the playoffs for the first time in three years. His production increased to 88 points (34 goals, 54 assists) for the 1988–89 NHL season as he quickly became a fan favorite. In the 1989–90 NHL season, he became a star by scoring 106 points (40 goals, 66 assists) and playing in the 1990 NHL All-Star Game. Turgeon's production dipped a little bit in the 1990–91 NHL season to 79 points (32 goals, 47 assists), but he was still a solid performer.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_Turgeon
• 
  Pierre van Hooijdonk
  Petrus Ferdinandus Johannes "Pierre" van Hooijdonk (Dutch pronunciation: [pi.ˈjɛr vɑn ˈɦoːɪ̯.dɔŋk], born 29 November 1969) is a retired Dutch football player who played as a striker. His last spell was at Feyenoord Rotterdam. Van Hooijdonk was capped 46 times for the Dutch national team, scoring 21 goals, and played in the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Euro 2000 and Euro 2004. He was noted for his spectacular free kicks.
  As a child, Van Hooijdonk who was born in Steenbergen lived in a small village nearby named Welberg. While playing in one of SC Welberg's youth squads he became familiar with the sport. His favourite team was NAC Breda and he was already watching their games at a young age. When he was 11 years old he took part in a talent pool on the open day of the team and he impressed the NAC scouts. He was asked to join NAC, which he did and played mainly as a right midfielder. When he was 14 he was told he was not good enough for NAC and he switched to amateur side V.V. "Steenbergen". Here he switched to the striker position and he would play five years for the team, of which the last two seasons in their first team. His performances at V.V. "Steenbergen" were noticed by RBC Roosendaal scout Tiny van Dijk and he was brought into the team at amateur level.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_van_Hooijdonk
• Pierre van Maldere
  Pieter (Pierre) van Maldere (16 October 1729 – 1 November 1768) was a violinist and composer from the Southern Low Countries (present-day Belgium).
  Van Maldere was born in Brussels and educated as a violinist and composer, probably by the directors of the Brussels court chapel, Jean-Joseph Fiocco and Henri-Jacques de Croes. From 1749 he was a violinist at the court of governor of the Low Countries, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine. From 1751 to 1753, Van Maldere was director of the Philarmonick Concerts in Dublin, where William Manwaring published, in December 1752, the Six Trios for 2 Fiddles and thorough Bass composed by Sieur Van Maldere. Van Maldere played in the Paris Concert Spirituel in August 1754. He accompanied the prince on his many travels, to France (Paris), Bohemia (Prague) and Austria (Vienna), where his two first comic operas were performed in Schönbrunn: Le Déguisement pastoral (1756) en Les Amours champêtres (1758). Van Maldere also played for the empress Maria Theresia in Vienna. His works were known to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Joseph Haydn. Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf notes him as one of the most important virtuosos of his time.
  
  wn.com/Pierre_van_Maldere
• Raymond Pierre
  Raymond Pierre (born September 19, 1967) is a former American track and field athlete, who competed in the sprinting events during his career. He is best known for winning the men's 400-meter dash event at the 1987 Pan American Games.
  He also won silver medals in the 4×400 m relay at the 1989 IAAF World Cup (with Antonio Pettigrew among others) and at the 1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships alongside Charles Jenkins, Andrew Valmon and Antonio McKay. He was the alternate relay runner at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, helping the United States team qualify into the final with a championship record of 2:59.06 minutes, which the team later improved upon in their gold medal winning run.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Raymond_Pierre
• 
  Roger Pierre
  Roger Pierre (30 August 1923; Paris, France – 23 January 2010) was a French comedic actor.
  He often appeared in comedies with Jean-Marc Thibault.
  Pierre died in his native Paris, aged 86, from cancer.
  Roger Pierre and Jean-Marc Thibault were one of France's most popular comedy acts. Working regularly throughout the 1950s, 60s, and 70s. Pierre's first film was 1957's Beautiful Mind. He appeared in such comedies as Mary Mary, Who Is This Woman?, The Legatee, The Night of Barbizon and Fire's Mother Madam. He also co-hosted the television programme Incredible But True.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Roger_Pierre

• Pareil jamais
• Le Château fort
• Histoire anglo-saxonne
• Tête baissée, oreilles bouchées
• Transfert
• L'Idéal
• Aller sans retour
• L'Amour diapositive
• Le Savoir Vivre
• L'Amour haché
• Tu m'échappes
• Panchagne
• Il faut faire les choses

• timeline:
• 2012
• 2011
• 2010
• 2009
• 2008
• 2007
• 2006
• 2005
• 2004
• 2003
• 2002
• 2001

• timeline:
• 2012
• 2011
• 2010
• 2009
• 2008
• 2007
• 2006
• 2005
• 2004
• 2003
• 2002
• 2001