- published: 25 Oct 2009
- views: 6075022
- author: GoodCharlotteVEVO
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![Emeli Sandé - River [Lyrics]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121228083839im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/K769dq14bJs/default.jpg "I love Emeli Sandé and love this song. I noticed there wasn't a lyric video for this song on YouTube so i decided to make one:) Hope you like it! Comment, like, subscribe.")
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- Abrasion (geology)
- Aggradation
- Ait
- Albert Brahms
- Alberta
- Alluvial fan
- Alluvial river
- Alluvium
- Amazon River
- Anabranch
- Anastomosis
- Aquatic ecosystem
- Aquatic plant
- Aquatic toxicology
- Aqueduct
- Aquifer
- Armor (hydrology)
- Arroyo (creek)
- Avulsion (river)
- Baer's law
- Balancing lake
- Bank (geography)
- Bank erosion
- Barge
- Baseflow
- Bayou
- Bed load
- Bed material load
- Bedrock river
- Billabong
- Biotic component
- Bird migration
- Bird of prey
- Blackwater river
- Body of water
- Bournemouth
- Brackish water
- Bradshaw model
- Braided river
- Brazil
- Brazos River
- Bridge
- Bulgaria
- Burn (landform)
- Burn (topography)
- Canada
- Canal
- Canoe
- Canyon
- Canyoning
- Category Rivers
- Category Springs
- Cave
- Cereal
- Chalk stream
- Channel (geography)
- Channel pattern
- Channel types
- Check dam
- Chine
- Chu Ó'he'e
- Confluence
- Coulee
- Cragside
- Crevasse splay
- Current (stream)
- Cut bank
- Cycle of erosion
- Dam
- Danube
- Danube River
- Debris flow
- Deposition (geology)
- Detention basin
- Dissolved load
- Distributary
- Dounby Click Mill
- Downcutting
- Drainage basin
- Drainage density
- Drop structure
- Drought
- Eastbourne
- Ebro River
- Effluent
- Ephemeral
- Erosion
- Erosion control
- Estuary
- Euphrates
- Europe
- Eutrophic
- Exner equation
- False-color
- Fault (geology)
- Ferry
- First flush
- Fish ladder
- Fish migration
- Flash flood
- Flood
- Flood barrier
- Flood control
- Flood forecasting
- Flood pulse concept
- Flood stage
- Flood-meadow
- Floodplain
- Flume
- Fluvial
- Fluvial terrace
- Ford (crossing)
- Foreshoreway
- Fractal
- Fracture (geology)
- Francophone
- Freshwater
- Freshwater fish
- Gallon
- Ganges
- Ganges River
- Geography
- Geologic formation
- Geomorphology
- Geyser
- Gill (stream)
- Glaciated
- Glacier
- Glen
- Granular flow
- Gravel
- Greenhouse gas
- Groundwater model
- Groundwater recharge
- Gulch
- Gully
- Habitat conservation
- Hack's law
- Headward erosion
- Helicoidal flow
- Hjulström curve
- Holy well
- Hot spring
- Hydraulic radius
- Hydraulics
- Hydroelectric plant
- Hydrograph
- Hydrological cycle
- Hydrology
- Hydropower
- Hydropsychidae
- Hyporheic zone
- Ice sheet
- Indus
- Indus River
- Infiltration basin
- Irrigation
- Jasper National Park
- Keynsham
- Knickpoint
- Lake
- Lake Victoria
- Lancang River
- Law of the Wall
- Leat
- Levee
- Lez ВацӀ
- Limestone
- Limnology
- Limpopo River
- List of flash floods
- List of waterways
- Lists of rivers
- Lithology
- Litre
- Lumberjack
- Luna Leopold
- Mackenzie River
- Main stem
- Mammal
- Meander
- Meander scar
- Mekong
- Mineral spring
- Mississippi River
- Mouth bar
- Murray-Darling
- Navigation
- Nelson River
- New Zealand
- Nile
- Nile River delta
- North America
- Northeast England
- Northumberland
- Norway
- Ob River
- Ocean
- Ohio River
- Oligotrophic
- Orange River
- Orkney
- Oxbow lake
- Pakistan
- Palaeochannel
- Paraná River
- Particulates
- Peneplain
- Perennial stream
- Playfair's Law
- Plecoptera
- Plunge pool
- Point bar
- Portal Ecology
- Portal Environment
- Pressure
- Primary production
- Progradation
- PubMed Identifier
- Rafting
- Rapid
- Ravine
- Relief ratio
- Retention basin
- Retrogradation
- Return period
- Revetment
- Rhine
- Rhythmic spring
- Riffle
- Riffle-pool sequence
- Rill
- Rio Grande
- Riparian zone
- River
- River Avon (Bristol)
- River bifurcation
- River chemistry
- River civilization
- River cruise
- River delta
- River ecosystem
- River engineering
- River Indus
- River island
- River mouth
- River regime
- River source
- River surfing
- River Thames
- Riverboarding
- Riverboat
- Rock-cut basin
- Roman Empire
- Romania
- Rouse number
- Runoff curve number
- Río de la Plata
- Sailing
- Saint Lawrence River
- Salt tide
- Saltation (geology)
- Salween
- Sand
- Scandinavia
- Scotland
- Sea
- Secondary flow
- Sediment
- Sediment transport
- Sedimentary basin
- Shoal
- Sluice
- South Island
- Southern Africa
- Spring (hydrology)
- Spring (hydrosphere)
- Spring horizon
- Stormwater
- Strath
- Stream
- Stream bank
- Stream bed
- Stream channel
- Stream gauge
- Stream gradient
- Stream pool
- Stream restoration
- Streambank
- Subglacial stream
- Subterranean river
- Surface runoff
- Surface water
- Suspended load
- Tectonics
- Thalweg
- The Riverkeepers
- Tide
- Tigris
- Topography
- Tow-path
- Tributary
- Tunnel
- United Kingdom
- Urban design
- Urban renewal
- Urban runoff
- Valley
- Volumetric flow rate
- Wadi
- WAFLEX
- Wash load
- Wastes
- Wastewater
- Water
- Water cycle
- Water dispute
- Water gap
- Watercourse
- Waterfall
- Waterfowl
- Watermill
- Weir
- Wetland
- Wetted perimeter
- Whitewater
- Whitewater canoeing
- Whitewater kayaking
- Whitewater slalom
- William Morris Davis
- Wool
- World Rivers Day
- World Wildlife Fund
- Yangtze
- Yellow River
- Yenisei
-
Alberta
Alberta /ælˈbɜrtə/ is a province of Canada. It had a population of 3,645,257 in 2011, making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Alberta and its neighbour, Saskatchewan, were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.
Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the US state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and is also one of only two provinces that are landlocked.
Edmonton, the capital city of Alberta, is located near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's oil sands and other northern resource industries. Approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the capital is Calgary, Alberta's largest city and a major distribution and transportation hub. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding 1 million.Census agglomerations in the province include Lethbridge, Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Wood Buffalo (includes Fort McMurray), Grande Prairie, Lloydminster, Okotoks, Brooks, Camrose, Cold Lake, High River, Sylvan Lake, Wetaskiwin, Strathmore, Canmore, and Lacombe. Notable tourist destinations in the province include Canmore, Sylvan Lake, Drumheller, Banff, and Jasper.
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Bournemouth
Bournemouth (
pronunciation (help·info)) is a large coastal resort town in the ceremonial county of Dorset, England. According to the 2001 Census the town has a population of 163,444, making it the largest settlement in Dorset. It is also the largest settlement between Southampton and Plymouth. With Poole and Christchurch, Bournemouth forms the South East Dorset conurbation, which has a total population of approximately 400,000.
Founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell, Bournemouth's growth accelerated with the arrival of the railway, becoming a recognised town in 1870. Historically part of Hampshire, it joined Dorset with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. Since 1997 the town has been administered by a unitary authority, meaning that it has autonomy from Dorset County Council. The local authority is Bournemouth Borough Council.
Bournemouth's location on the south coast of England has made it a popular destination for tourists. The town is a regional centre of business, home of the Bournemouth International Centre and financial companies that include Liverpool Victoria and PruHealth.
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Brazil
Brazil
i/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgariai/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Dounby Click Mill
Dounby Click Mill is a mill located on the main island in the islands of Orkney. The Click Mill at Dounby is the last of the horizontal water-mills of Orkney, still in use. It has been restored and owned by Historic Scotland.
Coordinates: 59°05′15″N 3°10′52″W / 59.08757°N 3.18114°W / 59.08757; -3.18114
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Eastbourne
Eastbourne ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large town and borough in East Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, on the south coast of England between Brighton and Hastings. The town is situated at the eastern end of the chalk South Downs alongside the high cliff at Beachy Head. The modern town emerged in the early 19th century as a seaside resort, assisted by the arrival of the railway in 1849, and developed a spacious, regular layout.
Prior to its Victorian development, the area consisted of the estates of the Duke of Devonshire and others, which had evolved around the village of East Burne. From the Bronze Age onward there were small settlements in and around the "Burne", an ancient stream which ran from what is now Motcombe Gardens down to the sea. During the Middle Ages sheep farming and fishing were the main activities. Eastbourne's earliest claim as a seaside resort was a summer holiday visit by four of King George III's children in 1780. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Wish Tower and the Redoubt were built as defences. In the wake of the fall of France in 1940, the town’s population fell sharply as this part of the south coast was considered a likely invasion zone. The town was badly bombed thus gaining it the dubious reputation of being ‘the most raided town in the southeast’. Thousands of Canadian soldiers were stationed in and around Eastbourne from the summer of 1941 to the run-up to D-Day.
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Indus River
The Indus River (Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: دریائے سندھ Daryā-e Sindh; Hindi: सिन्धु नदी Sindhu; Sindhi: سنڌو Sindhu; Punjabi: سندھ Sindh; Gujarati: સિંધુ નદી Sindhu; Pashto: اباسين Abāsin "Father of Rivers"; Persian: رود سند Rūd-e Sind; Arabic: السند Al-Sind; Tibetan: སེང་གེ།་གཙང་པོ Sênggê Zangbo "Lion River"; Greek: Ινδός Indós; Turki: Nilab) is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It has courses through western Tibet (in China) and Northern India.
Originating in the Tibetan plateau in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar, the river runs a course through the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit, Baltistan and flows through Pakistan in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh. The total length of the river is 3,180 km (1,980 mi). It is Pakistan's longest river.
The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000 km2 (450,000 sq mi). Its estimated annual flow stands at around 207 km3 (50 cu mi), making it the twenty-first largest river in the world in terms of annual flow. Zanskar is its left bank tributary in Ladakh. In the plains, its left bank tributary is Chenab which itself has four major tributaries, namely, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas and Satluj. Its principal right bank tributaries are Shyok, Gilgit, Kabul, Gomal and Kurram. Beginning at the heights of the world in a spring and fed with glaciers and rivers in the Himalayas, the river supports ecosystems of temperate forests, plains and arid countryside.
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Keynsham
Coordinates: 51°24′49″N 2°29′48″W / 51.4135°N 2.4968°W / 51.4135; -2.4968
Keynsham ( /ˈkeɪnʃəm/) is a town and civil parish between Bristol and Bath in Somerset, south-west England. It has a population of 15,533. It was listed in the Domesday Book as Cainesham, which is believed to mean the home of Saint Keyne.
The site of the town has been occupied since prehistoric times and is scattered with Roman remains. It became a medieval market town, after Keynsham Abbey was founded around 1170. It is situated at the junction of confluence of the River Chew and River Avon and was subject to serious flooding before the creation of Chew Valley Lake and river level controls at Keynsham Lock. The Great Flood of 1968 inundated large parts of the town. It was home to the Cadbury's chocolate factory, Somerdale, which opened in 1935 as a major employer in the town.
It is home to Memorial Park, which is used for the annual town festival and several nature reserves. The town is served by Keynsham railway station on the London-Bristol and Bristol-Southampton trunk routes and is close to the A4 road which bypassed the town in 1964. There is also a range of schools, religious sporting and cultural clubs and venues.
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Limpopo River
The Limpopo River (Venda: Vhembe) rises in central southern Africa, and flows generally eastwards to the Indian Ocean. It is approximately 1,750 kilometres (1,087 mi) long, with a drainage basin 415,000 square kilometres (160,200 sq mi) in size. The mean annual discharge is 170 m³/s (6,200 cu ft/s) at its mouth. The Limpopo is the second largest river in Africa that drains to the Indian Ocean, after the Zambezi River.
The Limpopo River flows in a great arc, first zigzagging north and then northeast, then turning east and finally southeast. It serves as a border for about 640 kilometres (398 mi), separating South Africa to the southeast from Botswana to the northwest and Zimbabwe to the north. Two of its tributaries, the Marico River and the Crocodile River join, at which point the name changes to Limpopo River. There are several rapids as the river falls off Southern Africa's inland escarpment.
The Notwane River is a major tributary of the Limpopo, rising on the edge of the Kalahari Desert in Botswana and flowing in a north-easterly direction. The main tributary of the Limpopo, the Olifants River (Elephant River), contributes around 1,233 million m3 of water per year. Other major tributaries include the Shashe River, Mzingwane River, Crocodile River, Mwenezi River and Luvuvhu River.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Orange River
The Orange River (Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier), Gariep River, Groote River or Senqu River is the longest river in South Africa. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Namibia and between South Africa and Lesotho, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Although the river does not pass through any major cities, it plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation, as well as hydroelectric power. The river was named by Robert Jacob Gordon after the Dutch Royal House.
The Orange rises in the Drakensberg mountains along the border between South Africa and Lesotho, about 193 km (120 mi) west of the Indian Ocean and at an altitude of over 3,000 m. While in Lesotho, the river is known as the Senqu and parts of it freeze in winter, because of the high altitude there.
The river then runs westwards through South Africa, forming the south-western boundary of the Free State province. In this section the river flows into first the Gariep Dam (the largest in the country), and on to the Vanderkloof Dam. From the border of Lesotho to below the Van der Kloof Dam the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.
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Orkney
Orkney (Scottish Gaelic: Arcaibh) also known as the Orkney Islands (and sometimes "the Orkneys", a name which locals disparage), is an archipelago in northern Scotland, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the coast of Caithness. Orkney comprises approximately 70 islands of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, known as the "Mainland" has an area of 523.25 square kilometres (202.03 sq mi) making it the sixth largest Scottish island and the tenth-largest island in the British Isles. The largest settlement and administrative centre is Kirkwall.
The name "Orkney" dates back to the 1st century BC or earlier, and the islands have been inhabited for at least 8,500 years. Originally occupied by Mesolithic and Neolithic tribes and then by the Picts, Orkney was invaded and forcibly annexed by Norway in 875 and settled by the Norse. It was subsequently annexed to the Scottish Crown in 1472, following the failed payment of a dowry for James III's bride, Margaret of Denmark. Orkney contains some of the oldest and best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe, and the "Heart of Neolithic Orkney" is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (
i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Romania
Romania (i/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] (
listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Tigris
The Tigris River (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/; Arabic: دجله) is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq.
The Tigris is 1,850 km long, rising in the Taurus Mountains of eastern Turkey about 25 km southeast of the city of Elazig and about 30 km from the headwaters of the Euphrates. The river then flows for 400 km through Turkish territory before becoming the border between Syria and Turkey. This stretch of 44 km is the only part of the river that is located in Syria. The remaining 1,418 km are entirely within the Iraqi borders.
The Tigris unites with the Euphrates near Basra, and from this junction to the Persian Gulf the mass of moving water is known as the Shatt-al-Arab. According to Pliny and other ancient historians, the Euphrates originally had its outlet into the sea separate from that of the Tigris.
Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, stands on the banks of the Tigris. The port city of Basra straddles the Shatt al-Arab. In ancient times, many of the great cities of Mesopotamia stood on or near the Tigris, drawing water from it to irrigate the civilization of the Sumerians. Notable Tigris-side cities included Nineveh, Ctesiphon, and Seleucia, while the city of Lagash was irrigated by the Tigris via a canal dug around 2400 BC.
wn.com/Tigris -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
wn.com/United_Kingdom -
Wadi
Wadi (Arabic: وادي wādī; also: Vadi) is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a valley. In some cases, it may refer to a dry (ephemeral) riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain or simply an intermittent stream.
In North Africa the transcription Oued, pronounced as Wad, is used. The term kouri is used in Hausa speaking and surrounding areas of West Africa. The Hebrew term nahal (נחל) and Hindi/Urdu term "Nala" is synonymous in meaning and usage.
Some names of Spanish locations are derived from Andalusian Arabic toponyms where wādī was used to mean a permanent river, for example: Guadalcanal, Guadalajara from wādī al-hidjārah = "river of stones", or Guadalquivir from al-wādī al-kabīr = "the great river". Seasonal streams, frequent in south-east Spain, are called rambla instead.
The term wādī is very widely found in Arabic toponyms.
Modern English usage differentiates a wadi from another canyon or wash by the action and prevalence of water. Wadis, as drainage courses, are formed by water, but are distinguished from river valleys or gullies in that surface water is intermittent or ephemeral. Wadis, cut by stream in a desert environment, generally are dry year round except after a rain. The desert environment is characterized by a sudden but infrequent heavy rainfall often resulting in flash floods. Crossing wadis at certain times of the year can be dangerous because of unexpected flash floods. Such flash floods cause several deaths each year in North America and many Middle Eastern countries.
wn.com/Wadi -
Yellow River
The Yellow River or Huang He, formerly spelled Hwang Ho, is the second-longest river in China after the Yangtze and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 kilometers (3,395 mi). Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows through nine provinces of China and empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River basin has an east-west extent of 1900 km (1,180 mi) and a north-south extent of 1100 km (684 mi). Its total basin area is 742,443 km² (290,520 mi²).
The Yellow River is called "the cradle of Chinese civilization" as its basin – specifically, the Wei valley that cuts across the long Ordos loop – was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations and the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. However, frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed, sometimes above the level of its surrounding fields has also earned it the unenviable names "China's Sorrow" and "Scourge of the Sons of Han."
wn.com/Yellow_River
-
Albert Brahms
Albert Brahms (1692–1758) was a Frisian dike judge, an elected community leader responsible for maintaining the dikes that protected the area against the Wadden Sea, and a pioneer of hydraulic engineering.
Brahms was born on October 24, 1692 in Sanderahm, Sande, in what is now the Friesland district of Lower Saxony, Germany. He was elected as dike judge in 1718, after the disastrous Christmas flood of 1717, which had caused many deaths, and he retained the position until 1752.
For his work in dike engineering, he was honored as a "princely geometer" of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst (German: "hochfürstlich Anhalt-Zerbstischer Geometer"), to which Sande at that time belonged.
In his position as dike judge, Brahms arranged for the establishment of physical benchmarks, located on stable ground near the coast, for use in measuring tide levels and storm surges.
In 1754 and 1757, Brahms published a two-volume book on dike maintenance, the Anfangsgründe der Deich und Wasser-Baukunst [Principles of Dike and Aquatic Engineering]. In it he recommended regularly comparing the height of the dikes with the high tide level. He kept the first known records of the tide levels on the North Sea coast of Germany, and established records of storm surge levels. He also developed mathematical models of local wave heights as being proportional to the square root of water depth and of the motion of sediments in water channels.
wn.com/Albert_Brahms -
Luna Leopold
Luna Bergere Leopold (October 8, 1915 in Albuquerque, New Mexico – February 23, 2006 in Berkeley, California) was a leading U.S. geomorphologist and hydrologist, and son of Aldo Leopold. He received a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1936; an M.S. in Physics-Meteorology from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1944; and a Ph.D. in Geology from Harvard University in 1950.
Leopold is widely known in his primary field for his multitude of work in fluvial geomorphology and for the classic book, Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology, that he wrote with Gordon Wolman and John Miller.
Leopold suggested that a new philosophy of water management is needed, one based on geologic, geographic, and climatic factors as well as traditional economic, social, and political factors. He argued that the management of water resources cannot be successful as long as it is naïvely perceived from an economic and political standpoint, as it is in the status quo.
From 1937 to 1940, Leopold worked as an engineer for the U.S. Soil Conservation Service in New Mexico. In 1940, he enlisted and was a part of the U.S. Army Weather Service and the Army Air Force. He was in the Army until 1946 and he rose from the rank of Private to Captain.
wn.com/Luna_Leopold -
William Morris Davis
William Morris Davis (February 12, 1850 - February 5, 1934) was an American geographer, geologist, geomorphologist, and meteorologist, often called the "father of American geography".
He was born into a Quaker family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, son of Edward M. Davis and Maria Mott Davis (a daughter of the women's advocate Lucretia Mott). He graduated from Harvard University in 1869 and received a Master of Engineering in the following year.
He then worked in Córdoba, Argentina for three years, then after working as an assistant to Nathaniel Shaler, he became an instructor in geology at Harvard, in 1879. (Davis never completed his PhD.) He married Ellen B. Warner of Springfield, Massachusetts in the same year.
His most influential scientific contribution was the cycle of erosion, first defined around 1884, which was a model of how rivers create landforms. His cycle of erosion suggests that (larger) rivers have three main sections: upper course, middle course, and lower course - each of which has distinct landforms and other properties associated with it.
wn.com/William_Morris_Davis
Joan Rivers: a Piece of Work (2010)
Actors
Director
Rivers, Be Filmography
River Filmography
Rivers Filmography
- Hank Williams, Jr.
- Roy Orbison
- John Denver
- Hillsong United
- Indigo Girls
- Glee Cast
- James Taylor
- Joni Mitchell
- David Allan Coe
- Aimee Mann
- Lara Fabian
- David Alan Coe
- Hanson
- Sarah McLachlan
- Travis
- Enya
- Mary Chapin Carpenter
- Natalie Merchant
- Nits
- Vonda Shepard
- Dianne Reeves
- Sense Field
- Julia Fordham
- Gorefest
- Red House Painters
- Out Of Eden
- Ellis Paul
- Red House Painter
- Paul Ellis
- Allison Crowe
- Madeleine Peyroux
- Nitin Sawhney
- Badlands
- Marque
- Kate Miller-Heidke
- Rachael Yamagata
- Kari Rueslatten
- Lights
- Kirsty Hawkshaw
- Herbie Hancock
- Law And Order
- Gentle Giant
- Robert Downey Jr.
- Year Of The Rabbit
- Ally McBeal: A Very Ally Christmas Soundtrack
- Jibe
- Lasse Lindh
- Virgo
- Think About Mutation
- Rebecca Black
- Dead Mushroom
- Von Hertzen Brothers
karaoke
I've been here longer and I'm stronger and I've seen as much as any man
Now many's crossed me but none have bossed me and I don't believe they ever can
Hello son I see you're wearin' a gun and you say you're on your way into town
You say your Ma told you not to but you feel you got to
Get that man that gunned your daddy down
From the sheriff's office to the gallows boy that's a mighty mighty short walk
So why you worry your horse son let you and I take it easy and have a little talk
Cause I've been here longer...
Well I can see that you're angry and I guess you've got plenty right to be
But the law can handle your daddy's killer much better than you or me
And remember your promise you made your mother
That you never would fought on a gun
So go on home to her boy cause she needs you she wouldn't stand to lose her only son
Well I see you thought it over and I'm glad to see you going home boy
And you wanna know what they call me
Well I'm just the river they call me the Mississippi
I've been here longer...
Roly-oly on now, river
Roly-oly on your way
Roly-oly on now river
Wash my cares away
River so wide and so deep
Wake the sandman from his sleep
River remind him
He has a promise to keep
Roll on, mighty river
Running wild and free
Get along now, river
Bring a dream to me
Hey now, river
Go down, River
Don't slow down, river
Bring a dream for me
Roly-oly on now, river
Roly-oly on your way
Roly-oly on now river
Take my troubles away
Robin Hood river, roll on
Go steal a dream from the dawn
River, you'll find me
Where all the dreamers have gone
Roll on, mighty river
Running wild and free
Get along now, river
And bring a dream to me
Hey now, river
Go down, River
Don't slow down, river
River, there are no stars in the city
Here there is no telephone in the trees
Beautiful days all on the water
And all I can do is write you a letter
River, it's cold here in the morning
Later, I can see it in your eyes
Mild and white, we follow the canyons
Quiet at night, we stare at the sky
Leaving you now will never change things
Running away will just change the view
All I can see is the highway
All I can see is you.
River, you'll carry me thru the fire
Maybe you'll drown me in your arms
But if I die like that
It won't be like dying
When I rise again, the ashes are gone.
Leaving you now will never change me
Running away will just change the view
All I can see is the highway
I lift my eyes to Your throne
Lord as I lose myself in You
The song in my heart will be
Your alone
My treasure is in the Cross
Jesus I love to meet You There
I hunger and thirst for You
Now flood my soul
Chorus
River of Love
River of Healing
Holly Spirit flow
River of Grace
River of Mercy flow
River of Peace
River of Promise
Holy Spirit flow
River of Joy
it's coming on christmas
they're cutting down trees
putting up reindeer
and singing songs of joy and peace
i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
but it don't snow here
it stays pretty green
gonna make a lot of money
then i'm gonna quit this crazy scene
and i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i wish i had a river so wide
i would teach my feet to fly
i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
'cause i made my baby cry
you tried hard to help me
and you put me at ease
then loved me so naughty
made me weak in my knees
and wish i had a river
that i could skate away on
i'm so hard to handle
i'm selfish and i'm sad
now i lost the best baby
that i ever had
and i wish i had a river
that i could skate away on
i wish i had a river so wide
i could teach my feet to fly
i wish i had a river
that i could skate away on
cause i made my baby say goodbye
it's coming on christmas
they're cutting down trees
putting up reindeer
and singing songs of joy and peace
but i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
god i wish i had a river so wide
i'd teach my feet to fly
i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i made my baby say goodbye
it's coming on christmas
they're cutting down trees
they're putting up reindeer
and singing songs of joy and peace
oh i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
but it don't snow here
it stays pretty green
i'm going to make a lot of money
then i'm going to quit this crazy scene
i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i wish i had a river so long
i would teach my feet to fly
oh i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i made my baby cry
he tried hard to help me
you know, he put me at ease
and he loved me so naughty
[. from:.]
made me weak in the knees
oh i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
well, i'm so hard to handle
i'm selfish and i'm sad
now i've gone and lost the best baby
that i ever had
oh i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i wish i had a river so long
i would teach my feet to fly
oh i wish i had a river
i made my baby say goodbye
it's coming on christmas
they're cutting down trees
they're putting up reindeer
and singing songs of joy and peace
i wish i had a river
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
You know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
You know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
By M. Yonts and David Allan Coe
River, you heard my first cry as a baby
And, like my Mom, you sang me lullabies
You knew my fishing pole
When I was eight years old
And, river, you never told me lies
River, I can see you from my window
Your muddy water makes me feel alone
River, you keep flowing
Like you know just where you're going
But, River, will you ever take me home
River, I'm not proud of what I've done
Somehow my fishing pole became a gun
Through these prison bars I see
That you're still running free
It's coming on christmas;
They're cutting down trees,
Putting up reindeer,
And singing songs of joy and peace.
I wish I had a river,
I could skate away on.
But it don't snow here;
It stays pretty green.
Gonna make a lot of money,
Then I'm gonna quit this crazy scene.
And I wish I had a river,
I could skate away on.
I wish I had a river so long,
I would teach my feet to fly.
I wish I had a river,
I could skate away on.
I made my baby cry.
Tried hard to help me,
And you put me at ease.
Loved me so naughty,
Made me weaking in the knees.
I wish I had a river,
I could skate away on.
I'm so hard to handle;
I'm selfish and I'm sad.
I've gone and lost the best baby,
I ever had.
I wish I had a river,
I could skate away on.
I wish I had a river so long,
I would teach my feet to fly.
Wish I had a river,
I could skate away on.
I made my baby say, "Goodbye."
It's coming on christmas;
They're cutting down trees,
They're putting up reindeer,
And singing songs of joy and peace.
I wish I had a river,
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh I wish I had a river I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
Oh I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
You know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
Oh, I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby say goodbye
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
I was coming from Montgomery
I had my guitar on my back
When a stranger stopped beside me in an antique Cadillac
He was dress like 1950
Half drunk and hollow eyed
He said its a long walk to Nashville would you like a ride son
Well I sat down in the front seat
He turned on the radio
And them sad old songs coming outta them speakers was solid country gold
Then I noticed the stranger was ghost white pale
When he asked me for a light
And I knew there was something strange about this ride
Chorus
He said boy can you make folks cry when you play and sing
Have you paid your dues?
Can you moan the blues?
Can you bend them guitar strings?
He said boy can you make folks feel you what you feel inside?
Cause if your big star bound let me warn you it's a long hard ride
Well he cried just south of Nashville
And he turned that car around
He said this is where you get off boy
I'm goin' back to Alabam
And as I stepped outta that Cadillac
I said mister many thanks
He said you don't have to call me mister mister
The whole world calls me Hank
Chorus
He said boy can you make folks cry when you play and sing
Have you paid your dues?
Can you moan the blues?
Can you bend them guitar strings?
He said boy can you make folks feel what you feel inside?
Cause if your big star bound let me warn you it's a long hard ride
Lately we've been talkin' 'bout who we are
Seems we don't know anymore
And all this time that we've been thinkin'
At night I've been dreamin' about you
And I know you don't believe me when I say
I'll love you 'till the end - forever and a day
And I guess we'll never know
(Never know)
Exactly where this river's gonna flow
And I guess we'll never understand
(Oh)
Until we reach that promised land
So I guess we'll
I guess we'll never know
Oh never know
Never know
Well people say that we're sweethearts
They say nothing in the world
Can tear us apart
Well I don't know about you
But this thing we're going through
Is tearing me in two
And I know you don't believe me when I say
I'll love you 'til the end - forever and a day
And I guess we'll never know
Exactly where this river's gonna flow
And I guess we'll never understand
Until we reach that promised land
So I guess we'll
I guess we'll never know
Never know Guess we'll never know
Whoa
I guess we'll never know
Exactly where this river's gonna flow
And I guess we'll never understand
Until we reach that promised land
So I guess we'll
I guess we'll never know
Said I guess we'll never know
(Oh yeah)
Exactly where this river's gonna flow
And I guess we'll never understand
(Understand)
Until we reach that promised land
So I guess we'll
I guess we'll never know
Never know
It's coming on Christmas, they're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer, singing songs of joy and peace
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
But it don't snow here, it stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
And then I'm gonna quit this crazy scene
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me, you know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty, made me weak in the knees
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
Well, I'm so hard to handle, I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby that I ever had
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
Oh, I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh, I wish I had a river that I could skate away on
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas, they're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer, singing songs of joy and peace
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
Now it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm gonna make a lotta money
And I'm gonna quit this crazy scene
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
She tried hard to help me
She put me at ease
And she loved me so naughty
She made me weak in the knees
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish, I'm sad
And I've gone and lost the best baby that I ever had
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Instrumental
River full of stones when there's no rain
River full and rushing when the clouds let loose again
River every season like a prayer
We're standing in the shallows making crosses in the air
Want to build the strongest bridge
Want to love you the best I can
Feel no fear upon the edge
Here's my heart, baby take my hand
River like a poem to the trees
River telling stories to the rushes and the leaves
River every season like a vow
We're standing in the shallows wondering who will save us now
Want to build the strongest bridge
Want to love you the best I can
Feel no fear upon the edge
Here's my heart, baby take my hand
River from the currents to the pools
River turning kinder turning suddenly too cruel
River every season like a dream
We're standing in the shallows wading in to wash us clean
Want to build the strongest bridge
Want to love you the best I can
Feel no fear upon the edge
Here's my heart, baby take my hand
Want to build the strongest bridge
Want to love you the best I can
Feel no fear upon the edge
Here's my heart, baby take my hand
Want to hold you close to me
Never fail you, never falter
Seeing all that love can see
Young & strong Hollywood son
In the early morning light
This star fell down
On Sunset Boulevard
Young & strong beautiful one
One that we embraced so close
Is gone
Was torn away
Let the youth of America mourn
Include him in their prayers
Let his image linger on
Repeat it everywhere
With candles with flowers
He was one of ours
One of ours
Why don't you let him be?
He's gone
We know
Give his mother & father peace
Your vulture's candor
Your casual slander
Will murder his memory
He's gone
We know
And it's nothing but a tragedy
Lay to rest your soul and body
Lay beside your name
Lay to rest your rage
Your hunger and amazing grace
With candles, with flowers
You were one of ours
One of ours
I saw cameras expose your life
I heard rumors explode with lies
I saw children with tears
Cry and crowd around the sight
Of where you had collapsed that day
Where your last breath & word
Had been sighed
Where your heart had burst
Where you had died
I saw how they were lost in grieving
All half-believing you were gone
The loss and pain of it
Crime and the shame of it
You were gone
It was such a nightmare raving,
"how could we save him
(Nits)
So many years
And the river flows down
So many
It is hard to count them
And so many years
I am standing there
On this stone bridge
Like sand flows
Through my fingers
The water flows under me
So forgotten in the city smoke
So many years
I've tried to find a photograph
Taken somewhere here
It's a sad day
Sand through my fingers
Time
Same old river
written by Joni Mitchell
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh I wish I had a river I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
Oh I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I made my baby cry. He tried hard to help me
He put me at ease
Lord, he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
Oh I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on.
It's coming on christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
You know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
one day
the queen and I went walking down
by the river too
she would show me everything that night
by the river too...
(in the river)
my heart (in the river)
in your hands (in the river)
I've known all my life...
I would play my song for her that night
by the river too
she would smile and start to cry that night
by the river too...
(in the river)
my heart (in the river)
in your hands (in the river)
Hey you, pushing the river
With the world there on your shoulders
Don't you remember a single thing
The good book told you?
Hey you, treading the water
With your head dipping out of the clouds
Sinking down, down, down, down
Waving to the old crowd
And they send these things to try us
And try us they do (oh oh)
Don't push the river, don't push the river
Don't push the river, let it carry you
I know that I'm a fine one
To be talking this way
I've been dragging the whole darn world
Behind me all day
No-one said it would be easy
And they never warned how hard
And I've been licking brand new wounds
And tending old scars
And they send these things to try us
And try us they do (oh oh)
Don't push the river, don't push the river
Don't push the river, let it carry you
Over the endless troubles, over the trying times
These are the words of wisdom from a restless mind
Don't push the river, don't push the river
Don't push the river, let it carry you
Don't push the river, don't push the river
Don't push the river, let it carry you
Clouds are covering the sky
Whis will be my last goodbye
Broken man in a broken land
Time has come to make amends
In this life now filled with darkness
I struggle on, seems so useless
And I hunger for the sun
The river flows on
As life flows on
FInding it's way
Leading me there where I will stay
Now fear is getting hold of me
Thinking of my destiny
The great unknown, as never seen
Places where I've never been
Still my life is filles with darkness
But I see a light, it makes me fearless
As I breathe and make the jump
The river flows on
As life flows on
FInding it's way
Leading me there where I will stay
I know you're willing and able
There by the wooden table
Won't you come on over to my side?
And you know I'll treat you right
There at the water
There is the water you drink
Won't you come on over to my side?
And you can drink from my
Down through the dirt you lead us
Across the sand you'll disappear
Will you come back? I feel you won't need us
I feel you won't miss us will you come back?
Back in the summer I fell into your space
With an understanding when I just looked in your face
There at the water, you wash your skin
Sleep on the violets until you're covered in dust again
I know you're hungry and tired
All alone by the fire
Won't you come, come on over to my side?
And you know
Down through the dirt you lead us
One kiss before you leave, will you come back?
And sleep tonight beside me?
The morning comes I feel alive, will you come back?
And two yellow eyes remember souls of ancient lies
And she sees them dance and hears them moan and cry
And two yellow eyes reveal warmth and love inside
And she wears her mask, pulls on her gloves
And two yellow eyes remember souls of ancient lies
And she sees them dance and hears them moan and cry
And two yellow eyes reveal her warmth and love inside
It's hard to see that
Hard to believe that
I once was all on my own, oh yeah
'Cause You've been faithful
And I'm so grateful
That you never left me alone, but oh
Oh, it's so good to know
To know that You are with me all of the time
You'll never let me go
And I am walking with You to stay alive
When the mountains fall
When the stars collide
I know You'll be there
Standing by my side, oh, oh, oh
When the river runs
Overflows the seas
I know You'll be there
And You will still be lovin' me
Still be lovin' me, yeah
Some try to tell me that there's another
Something that fulfills like You do
But I'm not leaving there's nothing out there
Not a thing more precious than You
I have no need to fear
My Father watches over me night and day, yes He does
My choice is very clear
I'm so delighted to be walking Your way, yeah, yeah
When the mountains fall
When the stars collide
I know You'll be there
Standing by my side, oh, oh, oh
When the river runs
Overflows the seas
I know You'll be there
And You will still be lovin' me
When the mountains fall
When the stars collide
I know You'll be there
Standing by my side, oh, oh, oh
When the river runs
Overflows the seas
I know You'll be there
And You will still be lovin' me
Never have to worry, I'll never have to fear
'Cause You are always near, taking good care of me
I'll never have to worry, I'll never have to fear
'Cause You are always near and You will still be lovin' me
When the mountains fall
When the stars collide
I know You'll be there
Standing by my side, oh, oh, oh
When the river runs
Overflows the seas
I know You'll be there
And You will still be lovin' me
When the mountains fall
When the stars collide
I know You'll be there
Standing by my side, oh, oh, oh
When the river runs
Overflows the seas
I know You'll be there
And You will still be lovin' me
Still be lovin' me, yeah
While Hollywood sleeps,
A young man is dying
On the concrete of a sidewalk downtown.
As his brother weeps,
The sirens come calling
And the medics feed him lines on the ground.
Run, river, run...
The director speaks,
The cameras are rolling.
A boy steps between the backdrop and the lights.
And he's stealing the scene,
With the crew as his witness.
The whole industry will judge him come academy night
Now the tabloids will say what they want to,
And the cameras will re-enact his fall.
His legacy speaks, but no one can hear it,
'Cause his death has made critics of us all.
His legacy speaks
In the canister rooms,
In the archives of great studio halls.
And there it will keep like a secret that's whispered between lovers
And those who never knew him at all.
I know you're willing and able
There by the wooden table
Won't you come on over to my side?
And you know I'll treat you right
There at the water
There is the water you drink
Won't you come on over to my side?
And you can drink from my...
Down through the dirt you lead us
Across the sand you'll disappear
Will you come back?
I feel you won't need us
I feel you won't miss us
Will you come back?
Back in the summer
I fell into your space
With an understanding
When I just looked in your face
There at the water
You wash your skin
Sleep on the violets
Until you're covered in dust again
I know you're hungry and tired
All alone by the fire
Won't you come, come on over to my side?
And you know...
Down through the dirt you lead us
One kiss before you leave
Will you come back?
And sleep tonight beside me?
The morning comes I feel alive
Will you come back?
And two yellow eyes remember
Souls of ancient lies
And she sees them dance and hears them moan and cry
And two yellow eyes reveal
Warmth and love inside
And she wears her mask
Pulls on her gloves
And two yellow eyes remember
Souls of ancient lies
And she sees them dance and hears them moan and cry
And two yellow eyes reveal her
Warmth and love inside
And she wears her mask
Pulls on her glove
Kawan . . . . . . . apa kabarmu
Kawan . . . . . . . kemana kamu
Kawan . . . . . . . apa kabarmu
Kawan . . . . . . . dimana kamu
Bingung-bingung dia bingung kawanku bingung
Pusing-pusing dia pusing kawanku pusing
Minggat-minggat dia minggat kawanku minggat
Ya . . . . . ya . . . . . . ya . . . . . . ya . . . . . . . .
Pacar apa kabarmu
Pacar kenapa kamu
Pacar apa kabarmu
Pacar apa maumu
Senyum-senyum tersenyum pacarku tersenyum
Manja-manja sangat manja pacarku manja
Kwek-kwek-kwek-kwek cerewet pacarku cerewet
Ya . . . . . ya . . . . . . ya . . . . . . ya . . . . . . . .
Tuan apa kabarmu
Tuan siapa kamu
Tuan apa kabarmu
Tuan mana janjimu
Ta-ta-ta-ta perintah sedang merintah
Cat-cat-cat-cat memecat senang memecat
Si-si-si-si korupsi senang korupsi
Ya . . . . . ya . . . . . . ya . . . . . . ya . . . . . . . .
-Rahman Tardjana-
River
Words & Music by Joni Mitchell
As performed by Allison Crowe
It’s coming on Christmas
They’re cutting down trees
They’re putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
But it don’t snow here
It stays pretty green
I’m going to make a lot of money
Then I’m going to quit this crazy scene
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
You know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I’m so hard to handle
I’m selfish and I’m sad
Now I’ve gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
I wish I had a river
I made my baby say goodbye
It’s coming on Christmas
They’re cutting down trees
They’re putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
You know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
What do we do in these crazy times?
Inside, outside, I can feel it in my mind
In the ocean and the river, I can feel it in the tide
And all day, all night, in the rhythm of the city
From the dusk to the dawn, I can feel it flowing in me
Down by the river, life flowing deeper, tide growing stronger
No, you can't hold and hold the river
Inside my head, I can hear it talking to me
Like the river to the ocean, I can feel it growing in me
And all day, all night, in the rhythm of the city
From the dusk to the dawn, I can feel it flowing through me
Down by the river, life flowing deeper, tide growing stronger
No, you can't hold and hold the river
Inside, outside, I can feel it in my mind
In the ocean and the river, I can feel it in the tide
And all day, all night in the rhythm of the city
From the dusk to the dawn, I can feel it growing in me
Down by the river, life flowing deeper, tide growing stronger
No, you can't hold and hold the river
River, river flowing with the tide
River, river flowing with the tide
Just a young man in an old steel town
I'm getting older now, it's time to look around
My brother John loves his needle & spoon
A cigarette hangs from his lip
Everyone ‘round thinks he's so bad
He's really not that cool, no
And I know the reasons why
Deep inside he's not alive
He was born by a river
You know he'll die by the river now
‘Cause deep inside my river's run dry
So many times did mother swallow her pride
Just to keep my old man's dreams alive
And I know, and I know someday we're gonna move on outta here
She says "Jesus, Lord, don't give me no bad thoughts and bury me here."
And I know the reasons why, and I know the reasons why
She was born by a river
Her blood flows through the river now
And deep inside my river's run dry
She was born by a river
Her blood flows through the river now
‘Cause deep inside my river's run dry
Oh, take hold my hand and pray
Someday baby we're gonna find a way
Oh, oh
I know the reasons why
‘Cause deep inside she lost her life
Yeah, yeah, yeah
She was born by a river
Her blood flows through the river now
Deep inside the river's run dry
She was born by a river
You know, we'll die by the river now
‘Cause deep inside my river's run dry
Yeah, yeah, yeah,
Ooh, yeah
We're born by the river now
You know, she'll die by the river now
In a caramel boat you will sleep tonight
- here is your river
She took the car keys
Said: ¡°i am leaving¡±
A new beginning
Was born at dawn
In dreams that we had
We never saw that
Two different souls
Can never be as one
She said my music
Will never save me
She said I'm wasting
Sweet precious love
But I am so sure
My music's hope for
The broken hearts
That I am guilty of
So here is a river
From the ocean side
Bringing all my love
In a caramel boat
You will sleep tonight
And God will be above
Here is your river
Here is your river
Here is your river
From the deepest blue of love
My little sugar
I'll give you this song
My only healing
The only way
Whatever you'll do
It will remind you
You'd better
Out it in your mind babe
You'd better get it in your head
And to your heart before
You sail away!!
So here is a river
From the ocean side
Bringing all my love
In a caramel boat
You will sleep tonight
And God will be above
So here is your river (river)
Yeah here is your river (river)
Here is your river
From the deepest blue of love
My only love ¨c yes
Here is your river ¨c yeah!
Ahah here is your river
My only love ¨c love
Here is your river
From the deepest blue of love
In a caramel boat you will sleep tonight
- here is your river
In a caramel boat you will sleep tonight
It's coming on Christmas
they're cutting down trees
they're putting up reindeer
and singing songs of joy and peace
I wish i had a river
i could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm gonna make a lot a money
Then i'm gonna quit this crazy scene
I wish i had a river
i could skate away on
I wish i had a river so long
i would teach my feet to fly
oh i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
and put me at ease
He loved me so naughty
made me weak in the knees
i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i'm so hard to handle
i'm selfish i'm sad
now we gonna lost the best baby that ive ever had
i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
I wish i had a river so long
i would teach my feet to fly
oh i wish i had a river
i could skate away on
i made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
they're cutting down trees
they're putting up reindeer
and singing songs of joy and peace
I wish i had a river
It's coming on christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh i wish i had a river
I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm gonna make a lot of money
And i'm gonna quit this crazy scene
Oh i wish i had a river
I could skate away on
I wish i had a river so long
I could teach my feet to fly
Oh i wish i had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby cry...
You tried hard to help me
Always put me at ease
You loved me so naughty, baby
Made me weak in the knees
Oh i wish i had a river
I could skate away on
And i'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and i'm sad
And i've gone and lost the best baby
That i have ever had
Oh i wish i had a river
I could skate away on
I wish i had a river so long
I could teach my feet to fly
Oh i wish i had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh i wish i had a river
dark as the colour of a river
i taste your name
roll it around my tongue
dark as the colour of a river
i sense there's a danger
that does not hinder me
i take you in
before i realise
and i breathe with you
before i realise
like a lover
down the river
like the stories never told
like a mirror
of the river
with you i see myself
dark as the colour of a river
you're coming closer
i dare not even speak
dark as the colour of a river
i see you're trembling
i reach out my hand
no regrets
they're wasted anyway
turn around
i'm not here to harm you
Out across cities I see buildings burn into piles
And watch the world in wonder as mountains turn into tiles
And trees losing their leaves and our faces becoming tired
I wish I could discover something that doesn't expire
Come and stumble me
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
Put me in the undertow
Such are the things that make a kingdom rumble and shatter
The same dynamic that another day would never matter
It really just depends on who's giving and who's receiving
And things that don't make sense are always a little deceiving
Come and humble me
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
Put me in the undertow
I wanna know where you're going
A follower following
Changing but never changed
Claiming but never claimed
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
Put me in the undertow
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
Put me in the undertow
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
River take me with you
To your destination
Catch my gaze
Distort my reflection
Paint my eyes
In waves of protection
I get bored of flowing
In straight lines
Tired of seeing the same signs
Gotta keep on moving
Keep clearing the way
The clouds that swell
When we drop like stones
Deep down.deep down
Upstream
Is the only life I know
And if I let go
Is it true tell me
There's a place tell me
Where all rivers interflow?
I get bored of flowing
In straight lines
Tired of seeing the same signs
Gotta keep on moving
Keep clearing the way
The clouds that swell
When we drop like stones
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
He tried hard to help me
You know, he put me at ease
And he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
I remember the days by the river
Out in the back country
Watchin' the leaves that fell to the ground
Floatin' on downstream
Tossin' rocks from the shoreline
And takin' some time to think
The water moves down, but it's funny how
The difference can't be seen
You never know which way it flows
The river runs through me
There's a time in life to wander
And a time for certainty
Let the light inside guide you down
The river of eternity
So do you know, do you remember
A place that brought you peace?
It's life that flows like the river rolls
On continously
Now before you ever spill again
The waters that you need
The river runs through me
And the river flows back into the sea
Touching the last of what is past
Moving silent water fell the first that comes.
Slow and winding, flowing free
Peaceful music in its sound of distant drums.
Trust the shallow virgin stream
Danger wild, beware the deeper it becomes.
Moving highway, twisting byway
Can't turn back.
Sining in the summer rain
Rain that's caught in its flow.
Spreading, shining, silver lining
Gold on black.
Echoes moods of the moon and sun
Sun that shines from below.
Makes a soft and easy way
Left to choose its path will always be a friend.
Touch the last of what has past.
Never idle river drifting to the end.
Note:
We have tried to create several atmospheres within the boundaries of one songs by using the various electronic devices at our disposal in the recording studio.
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I made my baby cry
She tried hard to help me
You know, she put me at ease
And she loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
Oh, I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
Oh, I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
You said you could take this
You said it wouldn't get ugly again
You know, you can't meditate this
You wish it never began
I want to be sober
I want to be like a river
Just let my life flow through me
But I can't connect with a loaded gun at my head
You started to worry
You bent yourself to get under the hand
And now, with your shipwreck stories
You say you don't understand
I want to be sober
I want to be like a river
Just let my life flow through me
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
Oh I wish I had a river I could skate away on
But it don't snow here
It stays pretty green
I'm going to make a lot of money
Then I'm going to quit this crazy scene
Oh I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
Oh I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I made my baby cry.
He tried hard to help me
He put me at ease
Lord, he loved me so naughty
Made me weak in the knees
I wish I had a river I could skate away on
I'm so hard to handle
I'm selfish and I'm sad
Now I've gone and lost the best baby
That I ever had
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on
Oh I wish I had a river so long
I would teach my feet to fly
Oh I wish I had a river
I made my baby say goodbye
It's coming on Christmas
They're cutting down trees
They're putting up reindeer
And singing songs of joy and peace
I wish I had a river
I could skate away on.
Come out
Come out and play
Its beautiful
When night confines the day
No more daylight trip and fall
You're beautiful
Under velvet stars
You build me up
You bring me down
Your river
You found me out
I'm lost inside
Your river
Six A.M. the sun came up
To no surprise
Your perfect eyes
Were looking off
Building calm is giant waves
She travels lightly
Oversexed and winding up
She travels lightly
You build me up
You bring me down
Your river
You found me out
I'm lost inside
Your river
Your river
Yeah
She try, try, try, try
Yeah
Building calm is giant waves
She travels lightly
Oversexed and winding up
She travels lightly
You build me up
You bring me down
Your river
You found me out
I'm lost inside
Your river
Your river
Your river
Your river
Awake to the sound
We went down to the river, she and I, heart by heart
Parked the car and got naked on the last day of that summer
Such a good thing never lasts
Such a good thing always breaks
We went skating last winter, her hair had grown and she was blond
Said she had found some kind of happiness, said she found a decent man
Such a good thing never lasts
Waking up your fantasy
Starts by simply saying
In your world of apple trees and flowers never fading
Please take me where you wanna be
We live in childhood memories
Our little piece of heaven
In our world of make believe
We can make it happen
I wanna find what you're searching for in heaven
But sometimes I'm drowning in the rivers that you cry
Sometimes I'm sinking while I try to relate to your mind
Sometimes I'm hoping and I fear
Cause I'm so near, with you in outer space
I'm saving all the tears you cry
To fill a sea of sadness
And later when we learned to fly
We cross it our madness
We are looking down the life below
And laugh about the waves of pain
The endless days of sorrow
And never we'll come down again
There's a path to follow
We're going to find
What we're looking for in heaven
But sometimes I'm drowning in the rivers that you cry
Sometimes I'm sinking while I try to relate to your mind
Sometimes I'm hoping and I fear
Cause I'm so near, with you in outer space
with you in outer space
fuck off I don't want to be...
I don't need to be... that's my guarantee
don't follow me don't step inside of me
with my technology I see what I'll be
take my power
don't believe me
execute me
smell the fever
feel the river
drown in my tears
feel the river
drown in abyss
fuck off I don't want to be...
I don't need to be... that's my guarantee
don't follow me don't step inside of me
with my technology I see what I'll be
take my power
don't believe me
execute me
smell the fever
feel the river
drown in my tears
feel the river
drown in abyss
rip off you don't want to see...
you don't need to be... thats my fantasy
I'd never dreamed last night it's gonna be allright
in your geography I'll be what I see
Out across cities I see buildings burn into piles
And watch the world in wonder as mountains turn into tiles
And trees losing their leaves and our faces becoming tired
I wish I could discover something that doesn't expire
Come and stumble me
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
Put me in the undertow
Such are the things that make a kingdom rumble and shatter
The same dynamic that another day would never matter
It really just depends on who's giving and who's receiving
And things that don't make sense are always a little deceiving
Come and humble me
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
Put me in the undertow
I wanna know where you're going
A follower following
Changing but never changed
Claiming but never claimed
Take me river, carry me far
Lead me river like a mother
Take me over to some other unknown
You'll be
A lover of your dream
????River
You'll see
A shadow of the crowd
????River
CHORUS
I?.I am free
Ah?..heaven
You will
Find a place for peace
???River
Trying
Save the dream behind
???River
CHORUS
I?.I am free
will i forever remain
walking on these shores of your love?
the shores of your love
you are the river, the way
the daughter of the mountains of gold
the mountains of gold
and i become ashes from ashes
and dust from dust
if i keep on passing these chances
in fear and mistrust
the river
will i thus never attain
a calling for the source of your love?
the source of your love
you are the giver, the flow
the ancient reflection of my soul
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- My Life Message
- Road to Redemption
- The Grace of God
- Extraordinary
- I Will
- The Rest of My Life
- Second Chances
- These Are the Things
- Everything
- A Simple Kind of Love
- Better Than You
- At Home
- Happy Summer Nights
- Harold the Wonderboy
- Writing
- Le Top Model
- Les Volets Verts
- Street of Desire
- Will You Marry Me
- The Recital of My Life
- The Hairdresser
- Let's Climb to the Moon
- Switch On
- Miss Dolly
- The Bridge
- Pet's Field
- Un diner sur l'herbe
- Me and Naomi
- Dream On
- Thank You
- Angeline
- Lady Rainday
- St. Stephen's Fair
- So Long Tuesday
- Diamond
- Katie Blue
- 1955
- Black Sheep
- Kara Can I Kiss You
- Martha Caballero
- Catch Your Eye
- Get Down
- Melinda
- Get Down
- Wedding Song
- Well
- Waterflower
- She Promised Him
- Fishing Song
- Christmas Story
- Hitch A Ride
- Camping Song
- Kairos
RELEASE
ALBUMS
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Good Charlotte - The River ft. M. Shadows, Synyster Gates
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Music video by Good Charlotte performing The River (featuring M. Shadows and Synyster Gates). (C) 2006 SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT
http://wn.com/Good_Charlotte_The_River_ft_M_Shadows,_Synyster_Gates
Music video by Good Charlotte performing The River (featuring M. Shadows and Synyster Gates). (C) 2006 SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT
Emeli Sandé - River [Lyrics]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
I love Emeli Sandé and love this song. I noticed there wasn't a lyric video for this song on YouTube so i decided to make one:) Hope you like it! Comment, like, subscribe.
http://wn.com/Emeli_Sandé_River_Lyrics_
I love Emeli Sandé and love this song. I noticed there wasn't a lyric video for this song on YouTube so i decided to make one:) Hope you like it! Comment, like, subscribe.
- published: 10 Mar 2012
- views: 1039415
- author: Shangar321
Black Label Society - In This River (Live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:48
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
RIP Dimebag Darrell 1966-2004
http://wn.com/Black_Label_Society_In_This_River_Live
Black Label Society- In This River
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
RIP Dimebag... We'll never forget you... markhoppusrules is a fucking emo idiot!!!
http://wn.com/Black_Label_Society_In_This_River
RIP Dimebag... We'll never forget you... markhoppusrules is a fucking emo idiot!!!
- published: 25 Dec 2006
- views: 3043571
- author: RIDGEDfreak
Bruce Springsteen - The River
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
The River from the album with the same title
http://wn.com/Bruce_Springsteen_The_River
The River from the album with the same title
- published: 20 Oct 2007
- views: 5984013
- author: leppst2ty
Groove Armada - At the River
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Chill out 2
http://wn.com/Groove_Armada_At_the_River
In This River - Black Label Society(High Quality)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:48
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Black Label Society live in Paris
http://wn.com/In_This_River_Black_Label_SocietyHigh_Quality
ZAKK WYLDE - IN THIS RIVER(DIMEBAG TRIBUTE)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
ZAKK PAYING HIS RESPECTS 2 HIS GOOD FRIEND THE METAL GOD KNOWN AS DIMEBAG DARREL ABBOT( A TRUE METAL GOD)WE WILL ALWAYS MISS YOU BROTHER!!!!
http://wn.com/ZAKK_WYLDE_IN_THIS_RIVERDIMEBAG_TRIBUTE
ZAKK PAYING HIS RESPECTS 2 HIS GOOD FRIEND THE METAL GOD KNOWN AS DIMEBAG DARREL ABBOT( A TRUE METAL GOD)WE WILL ALWAYS MISS YOU BROTHER!!!!
- published: 17 Apr 2007
- views: 502157
- author: DANTERA2006
Groove Armada - At The River
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Music video by Groove Armada performing At The River. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 31474 (C) 1999 Zomba Records Limited
http://wn.com/Groove_Armada_At_The_River
Music video by Groove Armada performing At The River. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 31474 (C) 1999 Zomba Records Limited
- published: 25 Oct 2009
- views: 1094278
- author: GrooveArmadaVEVO
Black Label Society - In This River (live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:56
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Zakk's amazing performance of In This River, a tribute song for Dimebag Darrell, a band member of Pantera. Dimebag was murdered on stage during the concert with his new band Damageplan.
http://wn.com/Black_Label_Society_In_This_River_live
Zakk's amazing performance of In This River, a tribute song for Dimebag Darrell, a band member of Pantera. Dimebag was murdered on stage during the concert with his new band Damageplan.
- published: 19 Jun 2009
- views: 369417
- author: Daniello658
The River - Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
New ABC series
http://wn.com/The_River_Trailer
Bruce Springsteen - The River
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:24
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Music video by Bruce Springsteen performing The River. (C) 1980 Bruce Springsteen
http://wn.com/Bruce_Springsteen_The_River
Music video by Bruce Springsteen performing The River. (C) 1980 Bruce Springsteen
- published: 03 Oct 2009
- views: 2355022
- author: BruceSpringsteenVEVO
find me in the river
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:12
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/find_me_in_the_river
![Black Label Society - In This River [Official Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121228083839im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qz88qOS1Rwg/default.jpg "Black Label Society - In This River [Official Video]")
Black Label Society - In This River [Official Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
BLS - In This River. The official video
http://wn.com/Black_Label_Society_In_This_River_Official_Video_
BLS - In This River. The official video
- published: 05 Jan 2010
- views: 547182
- author: Daniel Carlsson
For River - Piano (Johnny's Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Artist: Kan. R. Gao, Laura Shigihara Album: To the Moon OST I don't own the rights to this album, all rights go to their respective owners(Freebird Games/Kan R. Gao) I got permission to upload this album from Kan so I thought I would share it with you guys. An amazing game that everyone should definitely pick up NOTE: Not gonna give a link to the album, instead I would encorage buying the game and OST from here: www.freebirdgames.com store.steampowered.com 50 percent of OST profits go to charities concerning autism Sheet Music: www.freebirdgames.com/SheetMusic-For_River-To_the_Moon.zip More Accurate Sheet Music for Song: www.mediafire.com Thanks to lotlat for giving the link to it. Artists: (Kan R. Gao) www.youtube.com (Laura Shigihara) www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/For_River_Piano_Johnny's_Version
Artist: Kan. R. Gao, Laura Shigihara Album: To the Moon OST I don't own the rights to this album, all rights go to their respective owners(Freebird Games/Kan R. Gao) I got permission to upload this album from Kan so I thought I would share it with you guys. An amazing game that everyone should definitely pick up NOTE: Not gonna give a link to the album, instead I would encorage buying the game and OST from here: www.freebirdgames.com store.steampowered.com 50 percent of OST profits go to charities concerning autism Sheet Music: www.freebirdgames.com/SheetMusic-For_River-To_the_Moon.zip More Accurate Sheet Music for Song: www.mediafire.com Thanks to lotlat for giving the link to it. Artists: (Kan R. Gao) www.youtube.com (Laura Shigihara) www.youtube.com
- published: 05 Nov 2011
- views: 112334
- author: Krinku1
Brian Eno - By This River
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Here we are Stuck by this river, You and I Underneath a sky that's ever falling down, down, down Ever falling down. Through the day As if on an ocean Waiting here, Always failing to remember why we came, came, came: I wonder why we came. You talk to me as if from a distance And I reply With impressions chosen from another time, time, time, From another time.
http://wn.com/Brian_Eno_By_This_River
Here we are Stuck by this river, You and I Underneath a sky that's ever falling down, down, down Ever falling down. Through the day As if on an ocean Waiting here, Always failing to remember why we came, came, came: I wonder why we came. You talk to me as if from a distance And I reply With impressions chosen from another time, time, time, From another time.
- published: 15 Mar 2009
- views: 394216
- author: WKaliberr
For River - Piano (Sarah & Tommy's Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Artist: Kan. R. Gao, Laura Shigihara Album: To the Moon OST I don't own the rights to this album, all rights go to their respective owners(Freebird Games/Kan R. Gao) I got permission to upload this album from Kan so I thought I would share it with you guys. An amazing game that everyone should definitely pick up NOTE: Not gonna give link to album, instead I would encourage buying the game and OST from here: www.freebirdgames.com store.steampowered.com 50 percent of OST profits go to charities concerning autism Sheet Music graciously provided by Kan: www.freebirdgames.com/SheetMusic-For_River-To_the_Moon.zip Artists: (Kan R. Gao) www.youtube.com (Laura Shigihara) www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/For_River_Piano_Sarah_Tommy's_Version
Artist: Kan. R. Gao, Laura Shigihara Album: To the Moon OST I don't own the rights to this album, all rights go to their respective owners(Freebird Games/Kan R. Gao) I got permission to upload this album from Kan so I thought I would share it with you guys. An amazing game that everyone should definitely pick up NOTE: Not gonna give link to album, instead I would encourage buying the game and OST from here: www.freebirdgames.com store.steampowered.com 50 percent of OST profits go to charities concerning autism Sheet Music graciously provided by Kan: www.freebirdgames.com/SheetMusic-For_River-To_the_Moon.zip Artists: (Kan R. Gao) www.youtube.com (Laura Shigihara) www.youtube.com
- published: 05 Nov 2011
- views: 105480
- author: Krinku1
![【PV】 RIVER / AKB48 [公式]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121228083839im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/bQqLKCg-UgA/default.jpg "【PV】 RIVER / AKB48 [公式]")
【PV】 RIVER / AKB48 [公式]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
AKB48 14thシングル「RIVER」 作詞：秋元康 作曲・編曲：井上ヨシマサ「向こう岸には夢がある。」 初のオリコンウィークリーランキング1位を獲得！！ 挑戦し続ける人をパワフルに応援する、AKB48の新たな一面を表現した力強いナンバー。 2009.10.21 ON SALE
http://wn.com/【PV】_RIVER_AKB48_公式_
AKB48 14thシングル「RIVER」 作詞：秋元康 作曲・編曲：井上ヨシマサ「向こう岸には夢がある。」 初のオリコンウィークリーランキング1位を獲得！！ 挑戦し続ける人をパワフルに応援する、AKB48の新たな一面を表現した力強いナンバー。 2009.10.21 ON SALE
- published: 08 Sep 2010
- views: 15595716
- author: AKB48
Groove Armada - At the river (live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:14
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Groove Armada performing "At the river" live at Brixton Academy
http://wn.com/Groove_Armada_At_the_river_live
Groove Armada performing "At the river" live at Brixton Academy
- published: 25 Jun 2009
- views: 145355
- author: davekhun
Find me in the river - Delirious
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Find me in the river - Delirious Very special worship song. I love it.
http://wn.com/Find_me_in_the_river_Delirious
Find me in the river - Delirious Very special worship song. I love it.
- published: 05 Dec 2007
- views: 106156
- author: Superchick777
The River Why - The Movie Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
This is the trailer for the movie "The River Why", starring Zach Gilford, Amber Heard, Kathleen Quinlan, Dallas Roberts, William Devane and William Hurt. The feature length movie was completed in 2010 and is based on the acclaimed novel of the same name. Directed by Matthew Leutwyler. Produced by Kristi Denton Cohen and Peloton Productions in association with Ambush Entertainment and StopTime Productions. Script by Thomas A. Cohen and John Jay Osborn, Jr. Director of Photography: Crash.
http://wn.com/The_River_Why_The_Movie_Trailer
This is the trailer for the movie "The River Why", starring Zach Gilford, Amber Heard, Kathleen Quinlan, Dallas Roberts, William Devane and William Hurt. The feature length movie was completed in 2010 and is based on the acclaimed novel of the same name. Directed by Matthew Leutwyler. Produced by Kristi Denton Cohen and Peloton Productions in association with Ambush Entertainment and StopTime Productions. Script by Thomas A. Cohen and John Jay Osborn, Jr. Director of Photography: Crash.
- published: 13 Aug 2010
- views: 294511
- author: Kristi Denton Cohen
Good Charlotte "The River"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Good Charlotte "The River"
http://wn.com/Good_Charlotte_The_River
Collin Raye That was a river lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
hope you like
http://wn.com/Collin_Raye_That_was_a_river_lyrics
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... We’re All Hawks Now ... Is Obama executing the neoconservative’s original plan? After making a fuss about the foolishness of the Iraq war during his inaugural Presidential campaign? After depositing a small river of American blood into Afghan soil and a mountain of American treasure into the pockets of corrupt “government” functionaries? ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
MSNBC
28 Dec 2012
LOUIS - The Mississippi River's water level is dropping again and barge industry trade groups ... said Thursday that even if the river is open, further limits on barges will halt commercial traffic....(size: 1.1Kb)
Tulsa World
28 Dec 2012
LOUIS - The Mississippi River level is dropping again and barge industry trade groups warned Thursday that river commerce could essentially come to a halt as early as next week in an area south of St ... The river level is now expected to get to 3 feet at the Thebes, Ill., gauge on Jan ... Worse still, the long-range forecast from the National Weather Service calls for the river to keep falling, reaching 2 feet on Jan....(size: 3.3Kb)
STL Today
28 Dec 2012
Japan Times
28 Dec 2012
... single-scull boats capsized in sudden strong winds Wednesday on a river in Chiba Prefecture, police said....(size: 0.5Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
28 Dec 2012
Officials said a man whose body was found on the edge of the Delaware River near Philadelphia accidentally drowned....(size: 0.7Kb)
Star Tribune
28 Dec 2012
STL Today
28 Dec 2012
LOUIS — The Mississippi River level is dropping again and barge industry trade groups warned Thursday that river commerce could essentially come to a halt as early as next week in an area south of St ... The river level is now expected to get to 3 feet at the Thebes, Ill., gauge on Jan ... Worse still, the long-range forecast from the National Weather Service calls for the river to keep falling, reaching 2 feet on Jan....(size: 3.8Kb)
Newsday
28 Dec 2012
LOUIS -- The River level is dropping again and barge industry trade groups warned Thursday that river commerce could essentially come to a halt as early as next week south of St ... Mike Petersen of the said ice on the northern Mississippi River is reducing the flow more than expected at the middle part of the river that is already at a low-water point unseen in decades, the result of months of drought....(size: 8.2Kb)
The Examiner
28 Dec 2012
Sunrail construction crews will be upgrading the railroad bridge over the St. Johns River in DeBary starting Friday, according to the Florida Department of Transportation. DOT spokesperson Steve Olson says concrete piers and beams will replace the wooden trestles on the north end of the bridge. Beginning this weekend, Friday, Dec ... Johns River in DeBary ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
28 Dec 2012
For an inaugural event, this weekend's Three Rivers Classic will have a familiar feel to it ... The Three Rivers Classic is the evolution of showcase games the Colonials have played against the Buckeyes and RedHawks at Consol Energy Center or Mellon Arena in previous years ... The Nittany Lions will play at Robert Morris next year, and the teams are set to be the hosts of the Three Rivers Classic for the foreseeable future....(size: 3.7Kb)
STL Today
28 Dec 2012
Lower Hudson Online
28 Dec 2012
For other uses, see River (disambiguation).
A river is a natural watercourse,[1] usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including stream, creek, brook, rivulet, tributary and rill. There are no official definitions for generic terms, such as river, as applied to geographic features,[2] although in some countries or communities a stream may be defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; one example is "burn" in Scotland and northeast England. Sometimes a river is said to be larger than a creek,[3] but this is not always the case, because of vagueness in the language.[4]
Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle. Water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, and the release of stored water in natural ice and snowpacks (e.g., from glaciers). Potamology is the scientific study of rivers.
Contents |
Topography[link]
The water in a river is usually confined to a channel, made up of a stream bed between banks. In larger rivers there is also a wider floodplain shaped by flood-waters over-topping the channel. Flood plains may be very wide in relation to the size of the river channel. This distinction between river channel and floodplain can be blurred especially in urban areas where the floodplain of a river channel can become greatly developed by housing and industry.
The term upriver refers to the direction leading to the source of the river, which is against the direction of flow. Likewise, the term downriver describes the direction towards the mouth of the river, in which the current flows
The river channel typically contains a single stream of water, but some rivers flow as several interconnecting streams of water, producing a braided river. Extensive braided rivers are now found in only a few regions worldwide, such as the South Island of New Zealand. They also occur on peneplains and some of the larger river deltas. Anastamosing rivers are similar to braided rivers and are also quite rare. They have multiple sinuous channels carrying large volumes of sediment.
A river flowing in its channel is a source of energy which acts on the river channel to change its shape and form. In 1757, the German hydrologist Albert Brahms empirically observed that the submerged weight of objects that may be carried away by a river is proportional to the sixth power of the river flow speed.[5] (This formulation is also sometimes called Airy's law.[6]) Thus, if the speed of flow were doubled, the flow would dislodge objects with 64 times as much submerged weight. In mountainous torrential zones this can be seen as erosion channels through hard rocks and the creation of sands and gravels from the destruction of larger rocks. In U-shaped glaciated valleys, the subsequent river valley can often easily be identified by the V-shaped channel that it has carved. In the middle reaches where the river may flow over flatter land, meanders may form through erosion of the river banks and deposition on the inside of bends. Sometimes the river will cut off a loop, shortening the channel and forming an oxbow lake or billabong. Rivers that carry large amounts of sediment may develop conspicuous deltas at their mouths, if conditions permit. Rivers whose mouths are in saline tidal waters may form estuaries.
Throughout the course of the river, the total volume of water transported downstream will often be a combination of the free water flow together with a substantial contribution flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels that underlie the river and its floodplain (called the hyporheic zone). For many rivers in large valleys, this unseen component of flow may greatly exceed the visible flow.
Subsurface streams[link]
Most but not all rivers flow on the surface. Subterranean rivers flow underground in caves or caverns. Such rivers are frequently found in regions with limestone geologic formations. Subglacial streams are the braided rivers that flow at the beds of glaciers and ice sheets, permitting meltwater to be discharged at the front of the glacier. Because of the gradient in pressure due to the overlying weight of the glacier, such streams can even flow uphill.
Permanence of flow[link]
An intermittent river (or ephemeral river) only flows occasionally and can be dry for several years at a time. These rivers are found in regions with limited or highly variable rainfall, or can occur because of geologic conditions such as having a highly permeable river bed. Some ephemeral rivers flow during the summer months but not in the winter. Such rivers are typically fed from chalk aquifers which recharge from winter rainfall. In the UK these rivers are called Bournes and give their name to place such as Bournemouth and Eastbourne.
Classification[link]
Rivers have been classified by many criteria including their topography, their biotic status, their relevance to white water rafting or canoeing activities.
Topographical classification[link]
Rivers can generally be classified as either alluvial, bedrock, or some mix of the two. Alluvial rivers have channels and floodplains that are self-formed in unconsolidated or weakly consolidated sediments. They erode their banks and deposit material on bars and their floodplains. Bedrock rivers form when the river downcuts through the modern sediments and into the underlying bedrock. This occurs in regions that have experienced some kind of uplift (thereby steepening river gradients) or in which a particular hard lithology causes a river to have a steepened reach that has not been covered in modern alluvium. Bedrock rivers very often contain alluvium on their beds; this material is important in eroding and sculpting the channel. Rivers that go through patches of bedrock and patches of deep alluvial cover are classified as mixed bedrock-alluvial.
Alluvial rivers can be further classified by their channel pattern as meandering, braided, wandering, anastomose, or straight. The morphology of an alluvial river reach is controlled by a combination of sediment supply, substrate composition, discharge, vegetation, and bed aggradation.
At the turn of the 20th century William Morris Davis devised the "cycle of erosion" method of classifying rivers based on their "age". Although Davis's system is still found in many books today, after the 1950s and 1960s it became increasingly criticized and rejected by geomorphologists. His scheme did not produce testable hypotheses and was therefore deemed non-scientific.[7] Examples of Davis's river "ages" include:
- Youthful river: A river with a steep gradient that has very few tributaries and flows quickly. Its channels erode deeper rather than wider. Examples include the Brazos, Trinity and Ebro rivers.
- Mature river: A river with a gradient that is less steep than those of youthful rivers and flows more slowly. A mature river is fed by many tributaries and has more discharge than a youthful river. Its channels erode wider rather than deeper. Examples include the Mississippi, Saint Lawrence, Danube, Ohio, Thames and Paraná rivers.
- Old river: A river with a low gradient and low erosive energy. Old rivers are characterized by flood plains. Examples include the Yellow, Ganges, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus and Nile rivers.
- Rejuvenated river: A river with a gradient that is raised by tectonic uplift.
The way in which a river's characteristics vary between the upper course and lower course of a river are summarized by the Bradshaw model. Power-law relationships between channel slope, depth, and width are given as a function of discharge by "river regime".
Biotic classification[link]
There are very many systems of classification based on biotic conditions typically assigning classes from the most oligotrophic or unpolluted through to the most eutrophic or polluted.[8] Other systems are based on a whole eco-system approach such as developed by the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment.[9] In Europe, the requirements of the Water Framework Directive has led to the development of a wide range of classification methods including classifications based on fishery status[10] A system of river zonation used in francophone communities[11][12] divides rivers into three primary zones:
- The crenon is the uppermost zone at the source of the river. It is further divided into the eucrenon (spring or boil zone) and the hypocrenon (brook or headstream zone). These areas are characterized by low temperatures, reduced oxygen content and slow moving water.
- The rhithron is the upstream portion of the river that follows the crenon. It is characterized by relatively cool temperatures, high oxygen levels, and fast, turbulent flow.
- The potamon is the remaining downstream stretch of river. It is characterized by warmer temperatures, lower oxygen levels, slow flow and sandier bottoms.
Whitewater classification[link]
The International Scale of River Difficulty is used to rate the challenges of navigation—particularly those with rapids. Class I is the easiest and Class VI is the hardest.
Stream order classification[link]
The Strahler Stream Order ranks rivers based on the connectivity and hierarchy of contributing tributaries. Headwaters are first order while the Amazon River is twelfth order. Approximately 80% of the rivers and streams in the world are of the first and second order.
Uses[link]
Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food, for transport, as a defensive measure, as a source of hydropower to drive machinery, for bathing, and as a means of disposing of waste.
Rivers have been used for navigation for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of navigation is found in the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed in northwestern Pakistan around 3300 BC.[13] Riverine navigation provides a cheap means of transport, and is still used extensively on most major rivers of the world like the Amazon, the Ganges, the Nile, the Mississippi, and the Indus. Since river boats are often not regulated, they contribute a large amount to global greenhouse gas emissions, and to local cancer due to inhaling of particulates emitted by the transports.[14][15]
In some heavily forested regions such as Scandinavia and Canada, lumberjacks use the river to float felled trees downstream to lumber camps for further processing, saving much effort and cost by transporting the huge heavy logs by natural means.
Rivers have been a source of food since pre-history.[16] They can provide a rich source of fish and other edible aquatic life, and are a major source of fresh water, which can be used for drinking and irrigation. It is therefore no surprise to find most of the major cities of the world situated on the banks of rivers. Rivers help to determine the urban form of cities and neighbourhoods and their corridors often present opportunities for urban renewal through the development of foreshoreways such as riverwalks. Rivers also provide an easy means of disposing of waste-water and, in much of the less developed world, other wastes.
Fast flowing rivers and waterfalls are widely used as sources of energy, via watermills and hydroelectric plants. Evidence of watermills shows them in use for many hundreds of years such as in Orkney at Dounby Click Mill. Prior to the invention of steam power, water-mills for grinding cereals and for processing wool and other textiles were common across Europe. In the 1890s the first machines to generate power from river water were established at places such as Cragside in Northumberland and in recent decades there has been a significant increase in the development of large scale power generation from water, especially in wet mountainous regions such as Norway.
The coarse sediments, gravel, and sand, generated and moved by rivers are extensively used in construction. In parts of the world this can generate extensive new lake habitats as gravel pits re-fill with water. In other circumstances it can destabilise the river bed and the course of the river and cause severe damage to spawning fish populations which rely on stable gravel formations for egg laying.
In upland rivers, rapids with whitewater or even waterfalls occur. Rapids are often used for recreation, such as whitewater kayaking.
Rivers have been important in determining political boundaries and defending countries. For example, the Danube was a long-standing border of the Roman Empire, and today it forms most of the border between Bulgaria and Romania. The Mississippi in North America and the Rhine in Europe are major east-west boundaries in those continents. The Orange and Limpopo Rivers in southern Africa form the boundaries between provinces and countries along their routes.
Ecosystem[link]
Main article: River ecosystem
The organisms in the riparian zone respond to changes in river channel location and patterns of flow. The ecosystem of rivers is generally described by the River continuum concept, which has some additions and refinements to allow for spatial (dams, waterfalls) and temporal (extensive flooding). The basic idea is that the river can be described as a system that is continuously changing along its length in the physical parameters, the availability of food particles and the composition of the ecosystem. The food (energy) that is the leftover of the upstream part is being utilized downstream.
The general pattern is that the first order streams contain particulate matter (decaying leaves from the surrounding forests), which is processed there by shredders like Plecoptera larvae. The leftovers of the shredders are utilized by collectors, such as Hydropsychidae, and further downstream algae that create the primary production become the main foodsource of the organisms. All changes are gradual and the distribution of each species can be described as a normal curve with the highest density where the conditions are optimal. In rivers succession is virtually absent and the composition of the ecosystem stays fixed in time.
Chemistry[link]
Main article: River chemistry
The chemistry of rivers is complex and depends on inputs from the atmosphere, the geology through which it travels and the inputs from man's activities. The chemistry of the water has a large impact on the ecology of that water for both plants and animals and it also affects the uses that may be made of the river water. Understanding and characterising river water chemistry requires a well designed and managed sampling and analysis.
Like many other Aquatic ecosystems, rivers too are under increasing threat of pollution. According to a study of the WWF's Global Freshwater Programme, the 10 most polluted rivers are: Ganges, Indus, Yangtze, Salween-Nu, Mekong-Lancang, Rio Grande/Rio Bravo, Río de la Plata, Danube, Nile-Lake Victoria, and the Murray-Darling.[17]
Brackish water[link]
Further information: Brackish water
Some rivers generate brackish water by having their river mouth in the ocean. This, in effect creates a unique environment in which certain species are found.
Flooding[link]
Flooding is a natural part of a river's cycle. The majority of the erosion of river channels and the erosion and deposition on the associated floodplains occur during flood stage. In many developed areas, human activity has changed river channel form, altering different magnitudes and frequencies of flooding. Some examples of this are the building of levees, the straightening of channels, and the draining of natural wetlands. In many cases human activities in rivers and floodplains have dramatically increased the risk of flooding. Straightening rivers allows water to flow more rapidly downstream increasing the risk of flooding places further downstream. Building on flood plains removes flood storage which again exacerbates downstream flooding. The building of levees may only protect the area behind the levees and not those further downstream. Levees and flood-banks can also increase flooding upstream because of back-water pressure as the upstream water has to squeeze between the levees.
Flow[link]
Studying the flows of rivers is one aspect of hydrology.[18]
Direction[link]
File:RiverMeanderingCourse.jpg
River meandering course
A common misconception is that most, or even all, rivers flow from north to south.[19][20][21] Rivers in fact flow downhill regardless of compass direction. Sometimes downhill is from north to south, but equally it can be from south to north, and usually is a complex meandering path involving all directions of the compass.[22][23][24] Three of the ten longest rivers in the world—the Nile, Yenisei, and Ob—flow north, as do other major rivers such as the Rhine, Mackenzie, and Nelson.
Rivers flowing downhill, from river source to river mouth, do not necessarily take the shortest path. For alluvial streams, straight and braided rivers have very low sinuosity and flow directly down hill, while meandering rivers flow from side to side across a valley. Bedrock rivers typically flow in either a fractal pattern, or a pattern that is determined by weaknesses in the bedrock, such as faults, fractures, or more erodible layers.
Rate[link]
Volumetric flow rate, also called discharge, volume flow rate, and rate of water flow, is the volume of water which passes through a given cross-section of the river channel per unit time. It is typically measured in cubic meters per second (cumec) or cubic feet per second (cfs), where 1 m3/s = 35.51 ft3/s; it is sometimes also measured in litres or gallons per second.
Volumetric flow rate can be thought of as the mean velocity of the flow through a given cross-section, times that cross-sectional area. Mean velocity can be approximated through the use of the Law of the Wall. In general, velocity increases with the depth (or hydraulic radius) and slope of the river channel, while the cross-sectional area scales with the depth and the width: the double-counting of depth shows the importance of this variable in determining the discharge through the channel.
Sediment yield[link]
Sediment yield is the total quantity of particulate matter (suspended or bedload) reaching the outlet of a drainage basin over a fixed time frame. Yield is usually expressed as kilograms per square kilometre per year. Sediment delivery processes are affected by a myriad of factors such as drainage area size, basin slope, climate, sediment type (lithology), vegetation cover, and human land use / management practices. The theoretical concept of the 'sediment delivery ratio' (ratio between yield and total amount of sediment eroded) captures the fact that not all of the sediment eroded within a catchment reaches the outlet (due to, for example, deposition on floodplains). Such storage opportunities are typically increased in catchments of larger size, thus leading to a lower yield and sediment delivery ratio.
Management[link]
Main article: River engineering
Rivers are often managed or controlled to make them more useful, or less disruptive, to human activity.
- Dams or weirs may be built to control the flow, store water, or extract energy.
- Levees, known as dikes in Europe, may be built to prevent river water from flowing on floodplains or floodways.
- Canals connect rivers to one another for water transfer or navigation.
- River courses may be modified to improve navigation, or straightened to increase the flow rate.
River management is a continuous activity as rivers tend to 'undo' the modifications made by people. Dredged channels silt up, sluice mechanisms deteriorate with age, levees and dams may suffer seepage or catastrophic failure. The benefits sought through managing rivers may often be offset by the social and economic costs of mitigating the bad effects of such management. As an example, in parts of the developed world, rivers have been confined within channels to free up flat flood-plain land for development. Floods can inundate such development at high financial cost and often with loss of life.
Rivers are increasingly managed for habitat conservation, as they are critical for many aquatic and riparian plants, resident and migratory fishes, waterfowl, birds of prey, migrating birds, and many mammals.
Gallery[link]
-
The Irrawaddy River is in a fairly untamed condition, with wide-reaching "arms and fingers" leading off the main water-flow
-
A false-color satellite photograph of the Amazon River in Brazil
See also[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: River |
 |
Look up river in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
|
Crossings |
Transport |
References[link]
- ^ River {definition} from Merriam-Webster. Accessed February 2010.
- ^ "GNIS FAQ". United States Geological Survey. http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/faqs.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "WordNet Search: River". The Trustees of Princeton University. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=river&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o7=&o5=&o1=1&o6=&o4=&o3=&h=. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ "Domestic Names: Frequently Asked Question (FAQs), #17". United States Geological Survey. http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/faqs.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ Garde, R. J. (1995). History of fluvial hydraulics. New Age Publishers. pp. 14. ISBN 81-224-0815-X. OCLC 34628134. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MWXvfQ6UGjgC&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ Garde, R. J. (1995). History of fluvial hydraulics. New Age Publishers. pp. 19. ISBN 81-224-0815-X. OCLC 34628134. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MWXvfQ6UGjgC&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ Castree, Noel (2006). Questioning geography: fundamental debates. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-1-4051-0192-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=nrbzXM_woFQC&pg=PA84. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ SEPA – River Classification scheme
- ^ NZ’s River Environment Classification system (REC)
- ^ Compilation and harmonisation of fish species classification
- ^ J. Illies & L. Botosaneanu (1963). "Problémes et méthodes de la classification et de la zonation éologique des eaux courantes, considerées surtout du point de vue faunistique.". Mitt. int. Ver. theor. angew. Limnol. 12: 1–57.
- ^ Hawkes, H.A. (1975). River zonation and classification. Blackwell. pp. 312–374.
- ^ Panda.org
- ^ Michel Meybeck (1993). "Riverine transport of atmospheric carbon: Sources, global typology and budget". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 70 (1–4): 443–463. DOI:10.1007/BF01105015.
- ^ Achim Albrecht (2003). "Validating riverine transport and speciation models using nuclear reactor-derived radiocobalt". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (Elsevier Science Ltd) 66 (3): 295–307. DOI:10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00133-9. PMID 12600761.
- ^ NMP.org
- ^ Top 10 most polluted rivers
- ^ Cristi Cave. "How a River Flows". Stream Biology and Ecology. http://chamisa.freeshell.org/flow.htm.
- ^ "Children's Misconceptions about Science". Operation Physics, American Institute of Physics. September 1998. http://amasci.com/miscon/opphys.html.
- ^ William C. Philips (February 1991). "Earth Science Misconceptions". http://k12s.phast.umass.edu/~nasa/misconceptions.html.
- ^ Gregory Vogt (2007). The Lithosphere: Earth's Crust. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 61. ISBN 978-0-7613-2838-4.
- ^ Matt Rosenberg (2006-06-08). "Do All Rivers Flow South?". About.com. http://geography.about.com/b/a/257582.htm.
- ^ Matt Rosenberg. "Rivers Flowing North: Rivers Only Flow Downhill; Rivers Do Not Prefer to Flow South". About.com. http://geography.about.com/od/learnabouttheearth/a/northrivers.htm.
- ^ Nezette Rydell (1997-03-16). "Re: What determines the direction of river flow? Elevation, Topography,Gravity??". Earth Sciences. http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/mar97/858609276.Es.r.html.
Further reading[link]
- Jeffrey W. Jacobs. "Rivers, Major World". Water Encyclopaedia. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Rivers-Major-World.html.
- Luna B. Leopold (1994). A View of the River. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-93732-5. OCLC 28889034. ISBN. — a non-technical primer on the geomorphology and hydraulics of water.
External links[link]
- River Network - Connecting people, saving rivers (Environmental organization)
http://wn.com/River
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Fluss
http://es.wn.com/Río
http://ru.wn.com/Река
http://cs.wn.com/Řeka
http://pt.wn.com/Rio
http://pl.wn.com/Rzeka
http://hi.wn.com/नदी
http://it.wn.com/Fiume
http://id.wn.com/Sungai
http://nl.wn.com/Rivier
http://fr.wn.com/Rivière
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Synyster Gates | |
|---|---|
 Synyster Gates live in Norway, 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Brian Elwin Haner, Jr. |
| Also known as | Synyster Gates, Syn |
| Born | (1981-07-07) July 7, 1981 (age 30) Huntington Beach, California, United States |
| Genres | Heavy metal, hard rock |
| Occupations | Musician |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals, piano |
| Years active | 1998-Present |
| Labels | Good Life Recordings, Hopeless, Warner Bros., Bucktan |
| Associated acts | Avenged Sevenfold, Pinkly Smooth, Good Charlotte, Bleeding Through, Burn Halo, AxeWound |
| Website | www.avengedsevenfold.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Schecter Synyster Custom | |
Brian Elwin Haner, Jr. (born July 7, 1981), better known by his stage name Synyster Gates or simply Syn, is an American musician, best known for being the lead guitarist of the American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold.
Contents |
Early life[link]
 |
This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2011) |
He studied at the Musicians Institute in Hollywood as part of the Guitar Institute of Technology program, studying jazz and classical guitar. After a year or so of being there, he got a phone call from The Rev asking him if he wanted to join his band, as lead guitarist. Haner joined rather than continuing his education and became a studio musician. Up until that time he was primarily self-taught by watching music videos and reading books. His father, Brian Haner, Sr., also known as "Guitar Guy," is a songwriter, guitarist and comedian. Gates is of Spanish, Cherokee and German descent.
Avenged Sevenfold[link]
Gates joined Avenged Sevenfold together with his best friend, The Rev, when they were 18 in 1999, right after the recording of the band's first album, Sounding the Seventh Trumpet. He was featured on the EP Warmness on the Soul which contains select songs from the first album as well as Synyster's new version of "To End The Rapture". His name on Avenged Sevenfold's debut album was "Synyster Gates", M. Shadows on the album was simply "M. Shadows".
Gates became the band's lead guitarist. Since Sounding the Seventh Trumpet, the band has released 4 studio albums: Waking the Fallen, City of Evil, Avenged Sevenfold, Nightmare and a live DVD/CD Live in the LBC & Diamonds in the Rough.
On the Avenged Sevenfold DVD All Excess, Gates claimed that his name was created on a drunken drive through the park with The Rev.
He has won numerous awards, including the 2006 Metal Hammer "Young Shredder" award and the 2006 Total Guitar Magazine "Guitarist of the Year."[citation needed]
In the Avenged Sevenfold Special Edition of Revolver magazine that was released the same day as the Nightmare album, Gates stated that he originally started out writing the song "So Far Away" in honor of his grandfather. However, the song is now primarily about Gates' former band mate, The Rev, [1] who died in December 2009. On April 20, 2011, Gates won the Revolver Golden God award for Best Guitarist along with band mate, Zacky Vengeance. Avenged Sevenfold picked up numerous other awards and delivered the headlining performance of the night.[2]
Pinkly Smooth[link]
Haner, along with The Rev, played in an avant-garde metal band named Pinkly Smooth. Formed in the summer of 2001 in Huntington Beach, California, the band featured ex-Ballistico members Buck Silverspur on bass and D-Rock on drums. The band has released one album, Unfortunate Snort on Bucktan Records, which features a crossover sound of mostly punk, ska and avant-garde. Former Avenged Sevenfold bassist Justin Meacham played keyboards and piano on the album. There was speculation that Pinkly Smooth was going to produce another record, but due to the death of The Rev, it is highly unlikely that they will produce any more material. However, Synyster Gates has said that he would consider remastering the tracks from Unfortunate Snort and re-releasing the album.[3]
Featured guest appearances[link]
- Bleeding Through's "Savior, Saint, Salvation," track (with M. Shadows).
- Good Charlotte's "The River" track and music video (with M. Shadows).
- Burn Halo's "Dirty Little Girl" track and music video.
- Burn Halo's "Anejo" track.
- Brian Haner's "Blow-Up Doll" music video.
- The Jeff Dunham Show intro song (with his father).
- AxeWound's "Vultures" title track from EP.
Equipment[link]
Guitars[link]
Synyster Gates uses mainly Schecter Guitars. Schecter Guitar Research has been sponsoring him and he has signature Avenger models. He has also been seen using ESP guitars when A7X were recording Waking The Fallen and City Of Evil.
- Schecter Synyster Gates Signature Special model with Seymour Duncan SH-8 Invaders and Sustainiac neck pickup sustainer
- Schecter Synyster Gates Signature Custom models with Seymour Duncan SH-8 Invaders and Sustainiac neck pickup sustainer
- Schecters custom models with Rebel flag, American flag, German flag, Black with Red Stripes, Red with Black Stripes, White with Gold Stripes, one featuring Jack Nicholson's Joker art and color scheme, and one with Tune-O-Matic Bridge.
- Schecter Synyster Gates Custom with "REV" inlays on fret board instead of "SYN" featured on the So Far Away music video
- Schecter Synyster Gates Custom Prototype
- Schecter Synyster Special Prototype
- Schecter Synyster Deluxe Prototype
- Schecter Synyster Special
- Schecter Synyster Deluxe
- Schecter Avenger
- Schecter C-1 Classic - Transparent Blue
- Schecter Custom C-1 FR
- Schecter Omen-6 FR Prototype
- Schecter Hellraiser C-1 FR
- Schecter PT Fastback
- Schecter S-1 loaded with Seymour Duncan JBs
- Schecter Banshee
- Gibson Les Paul in arctic white, this was used in the video for Unholy Confessions
- Parker Fly
- Ibanez - S Prestige
- Fender - Squier Stratocaster
Amplifiers and effects unit[link]
He has used Bogner, Marshall, Mesa/Boogie and many more amps in the studio, but until late, has been mostly seen with Bogner live.
- Marshall JCM800 (for Nightmare)
- Krank Distortus Maximus[4]
- Boss SD-1 Super Overdrive
- Boss CS-3 Compresser Sustainer(2)
- Boss RV-5 Digital Reverb
- Boss BF-3 Flanger
- Boss PH-3 Phase Shifter
- Boss GT 8
- Boss GT 10
- Frantone "The Sweet" Distortion
- DigiTech Whammy Pedal
- Dunlop Crybaby from Hell
- Dunlop Crybaby RackWah
- Budda Custom Wah
- MXR Custom Audio Electronics MC-401 Boost Pedal
- MXR Carbon Copy Delay
- MXR Custom Comp
- Mesa Boogie Dual Rectifier
- Visual Sound H20 Chorus & Echo[5]
- Ernie Ball Wah Pedal[6]
- Sustainiac Stealth Pro Sustainer
- Bogner Uberschall
- Bogner Uberschall Twin Jet
- Mesa Boogie Rectifier
- Marshall JCM 800
- Mesa Boogie 4x12 Cabinets
- Marshall 4x12 Cabinets
References[link]
- ^ http://deathbatnews.wordpress.com/2010/12/09/synyster-gates-talks-pinkly-smooth-and-more-with-binaural/
- ^ http://www.revolvermag.com/news/exclusive-interview-avenged-sevenfolds-synyster-gates-talks-the-revolver-golden-gods.html
- ^ http://deathbatnews.wordpress.com/2010/12/09/synyster-gates-talks-pinkly-smooth-and-more-with-binaural/
- ^ Avenged Sevenfold - Synyster Gates Guitar Gear Rig and Equipment
- ^ Visual Sound - Guitar Effects Pedals, 1 SPOT Pedalboard Power Supplies, and more
- ^ Ernie Ball | Artists
External links[link]
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gates, Synyster |
| Alternative names | Haner Jr., Brian Elwin |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | July 7, 1981 |
| Place of birth | Huntington Beach, California, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Synyster_Gates
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Synyster Gates
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http://id.wn.com/Synyster Gates
http://es.wn.com/Synyster Gates
http://ru.wn.com/Синистер Гейтс
http://nl.wn.com/Synyster Gates
http://pt.wn.com/Synyster Gates
http://pl.wn.com/Synyster Gates
http://fr.wn.com/Synyster Gates
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synyster_Gates
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Emeli Sandé | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Adele Emeli Sandé |
| Born | (1988-03-10) 10 March 1988 (age 24)[1][2] |
| Genres | Soul, R&B, pop |
| Occupations | Singer, musician, songwriter |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Labels | Virgin (2010–present) |
| Website | www.emelisande.com |
Adele Emeli Sandé /sænˈdeɪ/ san-DAY, (born 10 March 1988)[1] known by her stage name Emeli Sandé, is a Scottish soul and R&B recording artist and songwriter. Sandé first became known to the public eye after she featured on rapper Chipmunk's third single, "Diamond Rings", which gained herself and Chipmunk a first top 10 single on the UK Singles Chart. In 2010, she appeared on Roll Deep star, Wiley's "Never Be Your Woman", which became another top ten hit. Simon Cowell called her "his favourite songwriter at the minute". She has written for a number of artists, including Cher Lloyd, Parade, Susan Boyle, Preeya Kalidas, Leona Lewis, Alesha Dixon, Cheryl Cole, and Tinie Tempah.
In 2010, she signed a publishing deal with EMI Music Publishing. She later announced that Virgin Records had given her a record deal. Sandé released her first solo single "Heaven" in August 2011, which was an instant hit around the globe. Sandé has two number-one singles across the United Kingdom and Ireland with "Read All About It" with Professor Green and "Next to Me". She released Our Version of Events, in February 2012, upon the release the album peaked number one in the UK.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Emeli Sandé was born to a Zambian father and English mother. She was raised in Alford, Aberdeenshire.[4][5] She studied Medicine at the University of Glasgow, but stopped in her fourth year.[4] She said that education was one of the most important things to her, stating that if her music career failed, she has education to fall back on. Sandé said that her manager, Adrian Sykes, waited patiently since she was 16, saying "Adrian really respects that I want to get an education behind me. He also knows my parents are keen that I finish university."[6] Sandé has a tattoo of artist Frida Kahlo.[7] At the age of 11, when Sandé was still in primary school, she wrote her first song for a school talent show.[7] She spoke "That was the first time I thought I might be a songwriter. I always knew I wanted to be a musician, and I always knew I wanted to write. Because the people I was listening to all wrote. I never thought it was an option to sing anyone else's songs.[7] The first song we wrote in was called "Tomorrow Starts Again", the song had proper structure, which even had a Middle eight.[7] At the age of 15, Choice FM invited her to London, United Kingdom to take part in a competition they were holding, the "Rapology". Richard Blackwood also had her down to MTV's Camden studios to sing gospel.[7] Sandé went to the same secondary school at which her father was a teacher. She said "I hated to be ill and to miss a day because I was so hungry to learn. I was very shy, nerdy and extremely well-behaved. Inevitably, throughout secondary school, it was part and parcel of my identity that I was Mr Sandé’s daughter. No way could I muck about or get into trouble, because it would've got back to him within minutes. And Dad was strict, let me tell you."[8]
Career[link]
2008–10: Career beginnings[link]
Sandé's sister made a video of her playing the piano and singing to one of her favourite songs, "Nasty Little Lady".[7] They sent the clip to Trevor Nelson's BBC Urban music competition. Sandé won the show and was offered a record deal, but the management that she met via the competition decided against the deal.[7] Her parents sent 1Xtra a CD of her songs. Ras Kwame played on his "Homegrown Sessions", and four artists that year were asked to do a show in Soho. She met with Watford-born music producer/writer Shahid Khan aka Naughty Boy,[9] who has previously worked with Ms Dynamite and Bashy,[7] and they began writing tracks for artists such as Alesha Dixon, Chipmunk, Professor Green, Devlin, Preeya Kalidas, Cheryl Cole, and Tinie Tempah. Sandé soon signed a record deal with Virgin Records and EMI Records.[10] In an interview, she said "I was doing a show in London for 1Xtra and I met this guy called Naughty Boy. We got in the studio and we clicked work wise. We just started writing, not necessarily for me, we just thought ‘let's write a pop tune’ and experiment. And we wrote the Chipmunk track and I thought nothing of it. Naughty Boy sent it off to Chipmunk who really liked it and wrote his stuff around it."[10] She signed a record deal with Virgin Records in 2010. She later signed another deal with EMI Records in early 2011.[11] Sandé made her singing career debut in 2009 after appearing on the track she wrote for Chipmunk's first debut single, "Diamond Rings". The single charted at No. 6 on the UK Singles Charts, making it Chipmunk and Sandé's first ever Top 10 Hit.[12] She later appeared on another single singing guest vocals, after collaborating with Wiley on his comeback single "Never Be Your Woman", the single charted at number-eight on the UK Singles Charts becoming Sandé's second consecutive Top 10 Single.[9] Sandé announced she changed her name from Adele Sandé to her middle name Emeli Sandé due to Adele's growing success. She spoke; "I changed it as soon as Adele came out. I just thought, 'You've kind of taken the [name] now', so I went with my middle name. She was just getting bigger and bigger, so I thought I just really need it."[13]
[edit] 2011–present: Our Version of Events, international success and songwriting
"I have just finished a song with Cher Lloyd, called Lifetime, for her new album. I have another on Leona Lewis’s next album and one that has been recorded by Susan Boyle. That’s probably my proudest moment. Susan recorded my song, called This Will Be The Year, last week, for her next album. There is another called River, which I am hoping she’s going to record."
—Emeli Sandé[13]
While making her debut album, Sandé began to work with Tinie Tempah. She co-wrote "Let Go", on which she provided guest vocals. She also started working with Devlin after recording a song titled "Dreamer". Sandé later revealed she would be working on Alesha Dixon's upcoming album, The Entertainer. She co-wrote the hit single "Radio" along with Shahid Khan.[14] and co-wrote tracks on Cheryl Cole's albums as well as Professor Green's album, which Sandé gave guest vocals on.[15] Sandé revealed her first solo single would be released in early 2011.[16] There was some speculation surrounding what track she would release, after many newspapers stated that it would be "Daddy". The first official single from her upcoming debut album was "Heaven" and was released on 14 August 2011.[17] The song has received positive reviews from blogs such as This Must Be Pop[18] and Robot Pigeon.[19]
She revealed that she is Simon Cowell's favourite song-writer at the moment; due to her writing songs for Leona Lewis and Susan Boyle.[13] Sandé stated in an interview; she said that she would love to meet Boyle after writing songs for her saying, "I haven’t met her yet. I just sent her the song. I’d love to meet her because I think she is a bit of a rock star." One song that Sandé had cowritten for Boyle will appear on her new album, titled "This Will Be The Year". Leona had heard a couple of songs so we had a week in the studio with her. Leona and I got along really well. Then we had another week together. It was very natural. She recorded a song called Trouble and another called Mountains, so I look forward to hearing them on her album."[13] It was revealed after Professor Green announced his album tracking list for his album, At Your Inconvenience, that Sandé would feature on the first single from the album, "Read All About It". The single was released in October 2011,[dated info] a week before the album was released.[20] The pair also performed the song live on The X Factor results show.[21] She confirmed that "Daddy" would be the second official single released from Our Version of Events. Sandé achieved her first number-one single on the UK Singles Chart after "Read All About" entered at number-one. On 26 November, Sandé performed at the LG ARENA in Birmingham for BRMB 2011. On 15 December 2011, she was named as the Brit Awards Critics' Choice for 2012.[4][22][23] Sandé`s debut album includes songs written by her and has been reviewed as having "richly melodic, classically powerful, retro-futurist soul-pop songs."[7] She draws on influences for her music from Nina Simone, Joni Mitchell and Lauryn Hill.[7] Sandé said that all her songs are about World peace and political issues.[7]
Sandé said that the key to a good song when songwriting is using "honesty" and "raw emotion" as the best way to write. She said that if she attempts to write something which is "too smart" the creative process will not work for her. "Kill the Boy" was one of the first ideas that came to Sandé's head. She said if she has to work on a song longer than a day, she will not go back to it, as she said it won't work. She went onto say if it was to work, it the idea for the song would be almost instant.[7] It was announced that she was up for another BRIT Award in 2012, for British Breakthrough Act.[24] Sandé is currently writing material for the original lineup of Sugababes. On 24 January 2012, Sandé performed a one off gig for Q Magzine at XOYO, London. She was supported by British soul singer Michael Kiwanuka. She recorded a version of David Guetta's "Titanium" and the pair performed the song at NRJ Music Awards in France.[25][26] Sandé has penned a track for Naughty Boy's upcoming LP entitled "Hollywood" which features soul singer Gabrielle. It is about fame coming and going and will be released in November.[27]
Personal life[link]
In January 2012, Sandé confirmed that she is engaged to her unidentified, long-term boyfriend.[28] Her boyfriend has requested not to be identified and Sandé has said he is not in the music industry but that he is a scientist.[29]
Discography[link]
Main article: Emeli Sandé discography
Albums
- Our Version of Events (2012)
Touring[link]
- Headlining
- Our Version of Events tour (2011-2012)
- Supporting
- Mylo Xyloto Tour (2011-2012)
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Award | Nomination | Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | MOBO Awards | Best Newcomer | Herself | Nominated |
| 2011 | Virgin Media Music Awards | Best Newcomer | Herself | Nominated |
| 2011 | Virgin Media Music Awards | Best Collaboration | "Read All About It" (with Professor Green) |
Nominated |
| 2012 | Brit Awards | Critic's Choice | Herself | Won |
| 2012 | Brit Awards | British Breakthrough Act | Herself | Nominated |
References[link]
- ^ a b "Twitter status". twitter.com. Twitter. 10 March 2012. http://twitter.com/#!/emelisande/status/178502701221556224. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
- ^ CJ Rutter (14 April 2011). Emeli Sande Talks Tinie Tempah, Wretch 32, Cheryl Cole And Her Debut Album. Accessed 2011-08-08.
- ^ "Our Version of Events Emeli Sandé | Format: Audio CD". Amazon. Amazon Retail. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Our-Version-Events-Emeli-Sand%C3%A9/dp/B005H0YP7W. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ a b c "BBC News – Emeli Sande wins Brits Critics Choice award". Bbc.co.uk. 15 December 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16183278. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Emeli reveals why she changes name". Digital Spy. 19 August 2011. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/4123234/Emeli-Sande-I-studied-neuroscience-before-chart-success.html. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Deadline News talks about Sandé's time at University. Deadlinenews.co.uk (28 August 2009). Retrieved 2012-05-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Emeli Sande information, BRIT Awards 2012. Brits.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
- ^ "Emeli Sandé: Meet music's new darling, who is living her 'dream come true'". Mail Online. 3 February 2012. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/you/article-2091056/Emeli-Sand--Meet-musics-new-darling-living-dream-come-true.html. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
- ^ a b Mulderrig, Amie (9 March 2010). "Watford music producer Shahid Khan has notched up another chart hit". The Watford Observer. http://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/news/5049729.Watford_music_producer_notches_up_another_chart_hit/. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ a b R&B singer Emeli Sande signs new publishing deal. Deadline News (28 August 2009). Retrieved 2012-05-05.
- ^ Emeli Sande signed a record deal with EMI records. Mtv.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- ^ Chipmunk – Diamond Rings ft Emeli Sande. Chart Stats. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- ^ a b c d "Emeli reveals why she changes name". Digital Spy. 19 August 2011. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a336003/emeli-sande-changed-name-because-of-adele.html. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ The Glasgow student who swapped medicine to write for Cheryl Cole – Herald Scotland | Arts & Ents | Music Features. Herald Scotland (8 November 2010). Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- ^ Sande gives guest vocals and writes tracks for Cheryl Cole and Professor Green. Heraldscotland.com (8 November 2010). Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- ^ Emeli Sande's debut single set to be released in 2011[dead link]
- ^ Emeli Sandé – Heaven. YouTube (9 June 2011). Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- ^ New Pop on the Block. This Must Be Pop (18 June 2011). Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- ^ Emeli Sande's new single is reviewed This Must Be Pop
- ^ "Emeli features on Professor Green's upcoming single". The Music Fix. 3 August 2011. http://www.themusicfix.co.uk/content/news-flash/14917/new-professor-green-this-october.html. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- ^ "Emeli and Professor Green perform on The X Factor". SoulCounter. 24 October 2011. http://www.soulculture.co.uk/blogs/music-blog/livemusic/professor-green-emeli-sande-perform-read-all-about-it-on-the-x-factor-tv-catch-up/. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Kate Goodacre (15 December 2011). "Emeli Sandé named Brit Awards Critics' Choice for 2012 – Music News". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a356098/emeli-sande-named-brit-awards-critics-choice-for-2012.html. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Emeli Sande Wins The Brits Critics Choice Award | Emeli Sande | News | MTV UK". Mtv.co.uk. 15 December 2011. http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/emeli-sande/340269-emeli-sande-brit-awards-critics-choice-blur. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Ed Sheeran leads Brit Award nominations". RTE News. 12 January 2012. http://www.rte.ie/ten/2012/0112/britawards.html. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
- ^ Emeli Sande replaces Sia on Titanium at the NRJ Music Awards. Trashlounge.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
- ^ Emeli Sande records her version of Titanium and performs with David Guetta at France's version of the BRITS. Trashlounge.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
- ^ Gabrielle to feature on Naughty Boy song “Hollywood”. Gabrielle.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
- ^ Alison Rennie (12 January 2012). "Emeli Sande reveals she’s engaged". Evening Express (Scotland). http://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/Article.aspx/2591562.
- ^ "Emeli Sande Confirms Engagement!". punchbowlblog.com. 12 January 2012. http://punchbowlblog.com/2012/01/12/emeli-sande-confirms-engagement/.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sandé, Emeli |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | British singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | 10 March 1988 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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"Springsteen" redirects here. For other uses, see Springsteen (disambiguation).
| Bruce Springsteen | |
|---|---|
 Springsteen in 2009; Working on a Dream Tour in Valladolid, Spain |
|
| Background information | |
| Also known as | The Boss, Bad Scooter |
| Born | (1949-09-23) September 23, 1949 (age 62) Long Branch, New Jersey, United States |
| Genres | Rock, folk rock, heartland rock, hard rock, roots rock |
| Occupations | Musician, Songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, harmonica, bass guitar, piano, percussion, banjo, drums, keyboards |
| Years active | 1969–present |
| Labels | Columbia |
| Associated acts | The E Street Band, Steel Mill, Miami Horns, The Sessions Band |
| Website | www.brucespringsteen.net |
| Notable instruments | |
| Fender Telecaster Takamine Guitars Gibson J-45 Hohner Marine Band Harmonica Gibson J-200 Gibson ES-335 Gibson Hummingbird |
|
Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949), nicknamed "The Boss," is an American singer-songwriter-performer who records and tours with the E Street Band. Springsteen is widely known for his brand of heartland rock, poetic lyrics, and Americana sentiments centered on his native New Jersey.[1]
Springsteen's recordings have included both commercially accessible rock albums and more somber folk-oriented works. His most successful studio albums, Born in the U.S.A. and Born to Run, showcase a talent for finding grandeur in the struggles of daily American life; he has sold more than 65 million albums in the United States and more than 120 million worldwide[2] and he has earned numerous awards for his work, including 21 Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes and an Academy Award. He is widely regarded by many as one of the most influential songwriters of the 20th century, and in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him as the 23rd Greatest Artist of all time.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Springsteen was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, and spent his childhood and high school years in Freehold Borough. He lived on South Street in Freehold Borough and attended Freehold Borough High School. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was of Dutch and Irish ancestry and worked, among other vocations, as a bus driver, although he was frequently unemployed; his surname is Dutch for jump stone.[3] His mother, Adele Ann (née Zerilli), was a legal secretary and was of Italian ancestry.[4] His maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense, a city near Naples. He has two younger sisters, Virginia and Pamela. Pamela had a brief film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full time; she took photos for the Human Touch and Lucky Town albums.
Raised a Roman Catholic,[5] Springsteen attended the St. Rose of Lima Catholic school in Freehold Borough, where he was at odds with the nuns and rejected the strictures imposed upon him, even though some of his later music reflects a Catholic ethos and included a few rock-influenced, traditional Irish-Catholic hymns.[6] Recently in Paris (2012) before the launch of his latest album, Wrecking Ball, he explained that it was his Catholic upbringing rather than political ideology that most influenced his music. He noted in the interview that his faith had given him a "very active spiritual life," although he joked that this "made it very difficult sexually." He added: "Once a Catholic, always a Catholic."[7]
In ninth grade, he transferred to the public Freehold Regional High School, but did not fit in there, either. Old teachers have said he was a "loner, who wanted nothing more than to play his guitar." He completed high school, but felt so uncomfortable that he skipped his own graduation ceremony.[8] He briefly attended Ocean County College, but dropped out.[6]
Career history[link]
1962–1972: Early years[link]
Springsteen had been inspired to take up music at the age of seven after seeing Elvis Presley on The Ed Sullivan Show. At 13, his mother bought him his first guitar for $18; later, she took out a loan to buy the 16-year-old Springsteen a $60 Kent guitar, as he later memorialized in his song "The Wish".
In 1965, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist and subsequently the lead singer of The Castiles. The Castiles recorded two original songs at a public recording studio in Brick Township and played a variety of venues, including Cafe Wha? in Greenwich Village. Marion Vinyard said that she believed the young Springsteen when he promised he would make it big.[9]
Called for induction when he was 18, Springsteen failed his physical examination and did not serve in Vietnam. In an interview in Rolling Stone magazine in 1984, he said, "When I got on the bus to go take my physical, I thought one thing: I ain't goin'." He had suffered a concussion in a motorcycle accident when he was 17, and this together with his "crazy" behaviour at induction and not taking the tests, was enough to get him a 4F.[10]
In the late 1960s, Springsteen performed briefly in a power trio known as Earth, playing in clubs in New Jersey. Springsteen acquired the nickname "The Boss" during this period as when he played club gigs with a band he took on the task of collecting the band's nightly pay and distributing it amongst his bandmates.[11] Springsteen is not fond of this nickname, due to his dislike of bosses,[12] but seems to have since given it a tacit acceptance. Previously he had the nickname "Doctor".[13] From 1969 through early 1971, Springsteen performed with Steel Mill, which also featured Danny Federici, Vini Lopez, Vinnie Roslin and later Steve Van Zandt and Robbin Thompson. They went on to play the mid-Atlantic college circuit, and also briefly in California. In January 1970 well-known San Francisco Examiner music critic Philip Elwood gave Springsteen credibility in his glowing assessment of Steel Mill: "I have never been so overwhelmed by totally unknown talent." Elwood went on to praise their "cohesive musicality" and, in particular, singled out Springsteen as "a most impressive composer." During this time Springsteen also performed regularly at small clubs in Canton, Massachusetts, Richmond, Virginia, Asbury Park and along the Jersey Shore, quickly gathering a cult following. Other acts followed over the next two years, as Springsteen sought to shape a unique and genuine musical and lyrical style: Dr. Zoom & the Sonic Boom (early–mid 1971), Sundance Blues Band (mid 1971), and The Bruce Springsteen Band (mid 1971–mid 1972). With the addition of pianist David Sancious, the core of what would later become the E Street Band was formed, with occasional temporary additions such as horn sections, "The Zoomettes" (a group of female backing vocalists for "Dr. Zoom") and Southside Johnny Lyon on harmonica. Musical genres explored included blues, R&B, jazz, church music, early rock 'n' roll, and soul. His prolific songwriting ability, with "More words in some individual songs than other artists had in whole albums", as his future record label would describe it in early publicity campaigns, brought his skill to the attention of several people who were about to change his life: new managers Mike Appel and Jim Cretecos, and legendary Columbia Records talent scout John Hammond, who, under Appel's pressure, auditioned Springsteen in May 1972.
Even after Springsteen gained international acclaim, his New Jersey roots showed through in his music, and he often praised "the great state of New Jersey" in his live shows. Drawing on his extensive local appeal, he routinely sold out consecutive nights in major New Jersey, Philadelphia and New York venues. He also made many surprise appearances at The Stone Pony and other shore nightclubs over the years, becoming the foremost exponent of the Jersey Shore sound.
1972–1974: Initial struggle for success[link]
Springsteen signed a record deal with Columbia Records in 1972, with the help of John Hammond, who had signed Bob Dylan to the same label a decade earlier. Springsteen brought many of his New Jersey–based colleagues into the studio with him, thus forming the E Street Band (although it would not be formally named as such for several more years). His debut album, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., released in January 1973, established him as a critical favorite,[14] though sales were slow. Because of Springsteen's lyrical poeticism and folk rock–rooted music exemplified on tracks like "Blinded by the Light", (which would later be a hit for Manfred Mann and go to No. 1, making it the only time Springsteen had a No. 1 single as a songwriter), and "For You", as well as the Columbia and Hammond connections, critics initially compared Springsteen to Bob Dylan. "He sings with a freshness and urgency I haven't heard since I was rocked by 'Like a Rolling Stone,'" wrote Crawdaddy magazine editor Peter Knobler in Springsteen's first interview/profile, in March 1973. Crawdaddy discovered Springsteen in the rock press and was his earliest champion.[15] (Springsteen and the E Street Band acknowledged by giving a private performance at the Crawdaddy 10th Anniversary Party in New York City in June 1976.)[16] Music critic Lester Bangs wrote in Creem in 1975 that when Springsteen's first album was released "... many of us dismissed it: he wrote like Bob Dylan and Van Morrison, sang like Van Morrison and Robbie Robertson, and led a band that sounded like Van Morrison's."[17] The track "Spirit in the Night" especially showed Morrison's influence, while "Lost in the Flood" was the first of many portraits of Vietnam veterans and "Growin' Up", his first take on the recurring theme of adolescence.
In September 1973 his second album, The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle, was released, again to critical acclaim but no commercial success. Springsteen's songs became grander in form and scope, with the E Street Band providing a less folky, more R&B vibe and the lyrics often romanticized teenage street life. "4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" and "Incident on 57th Street" would become fan favorites, and the long, rousing "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" continues to rank among Springsteen's most beloved concert numbers.
In the May 22, 1974, issue of Boston's The Real Paper, music critic Jon Landau wrote after seeing a performance at the Harvard Square Theater, "I saw rock and roll's future, and its name is Bruce Springsteen. And on a night when I needed to feel young, he made me feel like I was hearing music for the very first time."[18] Landau subsequently became Springsteen's manager and producer, helping to finish the epic new album, Born to Run. Given an enormous budget in a last-ditch effort at a commercially viable record, Springsteen became bogged down in the recording process while striving for a wall of sound production. But, fed by the release of an early mix of "Born to Run" to progressive rock radio, anticipation built toward the album's release. All in all the album took more than 14 months to record, with six months alone spent on the song "Born To Run". During this time Springsteen battled with anger and frustration over the album, saying he heard "sounds in [his] head" that he could not explain to the others in the studio. It was during these recording sessions that "Miami" Steve Van Zandt would stumble into the studio just in time to help Springsteen organize the horn section on "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" (it is his only written contribution to the album), and eventually led to his joining the E Street Band.[citation needed] Van Zandt had been a long-time friend of Springsteen, as well as a collaborator on earlier musical projects, and understood where he was coming from, which helped him to translate some of the sounds Springsteen was hearing. Still, by the end of the grueling recording sessions, Springsteen was not satisfied, and, upon first hearing the finished album, threw the record into the alley and told Jon Landau he would rather just cut the album live at The Bottom Line, a place he often played.[19]
1975–1983: Breakthrough[link]
On August 13, 1975, Springsteen and the E Street Band began a five-night, 10-show stand at New York's Bottom Line club. The engagement attracted major media attention, was broadcast live on WNEW-FM, and convinced many skeptics that Springsteen was for real. (Decades later, Rolling Stone magazine would name the stand as one of the 50 Moments That Changed Rock and Roll.[20]) With the release of Born to Run on August 25, 1975, Springsteen finally found success. The album peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard 200, and while there were no hit singles, "Born to Run" (Billboard No. 23), "Thunder Road", "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" (Billboard No. 83), and "Jungleland" all received massive album-oriented rock airplay and remain perennial favorites on many classic rock stations. The songwriting and recording was more disciplined than before, while still maintaining an epic feel. With its panoramic imagery, thundering production and desperate optimism, Born to Run is considered by some fans to be among the best rock and roll albums of all time and Springsteen's finest work. It established him as a sincere and dynamic rock and roll personality who spoke for and in the voice of a large part of the rock audience. To cap off the triumph, Springsteen appeared on the covers of both Time and Newsweek in the same week, on October 27 of that year. So great did the wave of publicity become that Springsteen eventually rebelled against it during his first venture overseas, tearing down promotional posters before a concert appearance in London.
A legal battle with former manager Mike Appel kept Springsteen out of the studio for nearly a year, during which time he kept the E Street Band together through extensive touring across the U.S. Despite the optimistic fervor with which he often performed, his new songs had taken a more somber tone than much of his previous work. Reaching settlement with Appel in 1977, Springsteen returned to the studio, and the subsequent sessions produced Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978). Musically, this album was a turning point in Springsteen's career. Gone were the raw, rapid-fire lyrics, outsized characters and long, multi-part musical compositions of the first two albums; now the songs were leaner and more carefully drawn and began to reflect Springsteen's growing intellectual and political awareness. The cross-country 1978 tour to promote the album would become legendary for the intensity and length of its shows.[citation needed]
By the late 1970s, Springsteen had earned a reputation in the pop world as a songwriter whose material could provide hits for other bands. Manfred Mann's Earth Band had achieved a U.S. No. 1 pop hit with a heavily rearranged version of Greetings' "Blinded by the Light" in early 1977. Patti Smith reached No. 13 with her take on Springsteen's unreleased "Because the Night" (with revised lyrics by Smith) in 1978, while The Pointer Sisters hit No. 2 in 1979 with Springsteen's also unreleased "Fire".
In September 1979, Springsteen and the E Street Band joined the Musicians United for Safe Energy anti-nuclear power collective at Madison Square Garden for two nights, playing an abbreviated set while premiering two songs from his upcoming album. The subsequent No Nukes live album, as well as the following summer's No Nukes documentary film, represented the first official recordings and footage of Springsteen's fabled live act, as well as Springsteen's first tentative dip into political involvement.
Springsteen continued to consolidate his thematic focus on working-class life with the 20-song double album The River in 1980, which included an intentionally paradoxical range of material from good-time party rockers to emotionally intense ballads, and finally yielded his first hit Top Ten single as a performer, "Hungry Heart". This album marked a shift in Springsteen's music toward a pop-rock sound that was all but missing from any of his earlier work.[citation needed]This is apparent in the stylistic adoption of certain eighties pop-rock hallmarks like the reverberating-tenor drums, very basic percussion/guitar and repetitive lyrics apparent in many of the tracks. The title song pointed to Springsteen's intellectual direction, while a couple of the lesser-known tracks presaged his musical direction. The album sold well, becoming his first topper on the Billboard Pop Albums chart, and a long tour in 1980 and 1981 followed, featuring Springsteen's first extended playing of Europe and ending with a series of multi-night arena stands in major cities in the U.S.
The River was followed in 1982 by the stark solo acoustic Nebraska. Recording sessions had been held to expand on a demo tape Springsteen had made at his home on a simple, low-tech four-track tape deck. However during the recording process Springsteen and producer Landau realized the songs worked better as solo acoustic numbers than full band renditions and the original demo tape was released as the album. Although the recordings of the E Street Band were shelved, other songs from these sessions would later be released, including "Born in the U.S.A." and "Glory Days". According to the Marsh biographies, Springsteen was in a depressed state when he wrote this material, and the result is a brutal depiction of American life. While Nebraska did not sell as well as Springsteen's two previous albums, it garnered widespread critical praise (including being named "Album of the Year" by Rolling Stone magazine's critics) and influenced later significant works by other major artists, including U2's album The Joshua Tree. It helped inspire the musical genre known as lo-fi music, becoming a cult favorite among indie-rockers. Springsteen did not tour in conjunction with Nebraska's release.
1984–1991: Commercial and popular phenomenon[link]
Springsteen probably is best known for his album Born in the U.S.A. (1984), which sold 15 million copies in the U.S. and became one of the best-selling albums of all time, with seven singles hitting the Top 10, and the massively successful world tour that followed it. The title track was a bitter commentary on the treatment of Vietnam veterans, some of whom were Springsteen's friends and bandmates. The lyrics in the verses were entirely unambiguous when listened to, but the anthemic music and the title of the song made it hard for many, from politicians to the common person, to get the lyrics—except those in the chorus, which could be read many ways.[21] The song was widely misinterpreted as jingoistic, and in connection with the 1984 presidential campaign became the subject of considerable folklore. Springsteen also turned down several million dollars offered by the Chrysler Corporation to use the song in a car commercial. (In later years, to eliminate the bombast and make the song's original meaning more explicitly clear, Springsteen performed the song accompanied only by acoustic guitar. An acoustic version also appeared on Tracks, a later album.) "Dancing in the Dark" was the biggest of seven hit singles from Born in the U.S.A., peaking at No. 2 on the Billboard music charts. The music video for the song featured a young Courteney Cox dancing on stage with Springsteen, an appearance which helped kickstart the actress's career. The song "Cover Me" was written by Springsteen for Donna Summer, but his record company persuaded him to keep it for the new album. A big fan of Summer's work, Springsteen wrote another song for her, "Protection". Videos for the album were made by noted film directors Brian De Palma and John Sayles. Springsteen was featured on the "We Are the World" song and album in 1985. His live single "Trapped" from that album received moderate airplay on U.S. Top 40 stations as well as reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Top Rock Tracks chart.[22]
During the Born in the U.S.A. Tour, Springsteen met actress Julianne Phillips, whom he would marry in 1985.
The Born in the U.S.A. period represented the height of Springsteen's visibility in popular culture and the broadest audience demographic he would ever reach (aided by the release of Arthur Baker's dance mixes of three of the singles). Live/1975–85, a five-record box set (also on three cassettes or three CDs), was released near the end of 1986 and became the first box set to debut at No. 1 on the U.S. album charts. It is one of the most commercially successful live albums of all time, ultimately selling 13 million units in the U.S. Live/1975–85 summed up Springsteen's career to that point and displayed some of the elements that made his shows so powerful to his fans: the switching from mournful dirges to party rockers and back; the communal sense of purpose between artist and audience; the long, intense spoken passages before songs, including those describing Springsteen's difficult relationship with his father; and the instrumental prowess of the E Street Band, such as in the long coda to "Racing in the Street". Despite its popularity, some fans and critics felt the album's song selection could have been better. Springsteen concerts are the subjects of frequent bootleg recording and trading among fans.
During the 1980s, several Springsteen fanzines were launched, including Backstreets magazine, which started in Seattle and continues today as a glossy publication, now in communication with Springsteen's management and official website.
After this commercial peak, Springsteen released the much more sedate and contemplative Tunnel of Love album (1987), a mature reflection on the many faces of love found, lost and squandered, which only selectively used the E Street Band. It presaged the breakup of his marriage to Julianne Phillips and described some of his unhappinesses in the relationship. Reflecting the challenges of love in "Brilliant Disguise", Springsteen sang:
| “ | I heard somebody call your name, from underneath our willow. I saw something tucked in shame, underneath your pillow. Well I've tried so hard baby, but I just can't see. What a woman like you is doing with me. | ” |
The subsequent Tunnel of Love Express tour shook up fans with changes to the stage layout, favorites dropped from the set list, and horn-based arrangements. During the European leg in 1988, Springsteen's relationship with backup singer Patti Scialfa became public and Phillips and Springsteen filed for divorce in 1988.[23] Later in 1988, Springsteen headlined the worldwide Human Rights Now! tour for Amnesty International. In late 1989 he dissolved the E Street Band, and he and Scialfa relocated to California, marrying in 1991.
1992–2001: Artistic and commercial ups and downs[link]
In 1992, after risking fan accusations of "going Hollywood" by moving to Los Angeles (a radical move for someone so linked to the blue-collar life of the Jersey Shore) and working with session musicians, Springsteen released two albums at once. Human Touch and Lucky Town were even more introspective than any of his previous work and displayed a newly revealed confidence. As opposed to his first two albums, which dreamed of happiness, and his next four, which showed him growing to fear it, at points during the Lucky Town album, Springsteen actually claims happiness for himself.
An electric band appearance on the acoustic MTV Unplugged television program (later released as In Concert/MTV Plugged) was poorly received and further cemented fan dissatisfaction. Springsteen seemed to realize this a few years hence when he spoke humorously of his late father during his Rock and Roll Hall of Fame acceptance speech:
| “ | I've gotta thank him because – what would I conceivably have written about without him? I mean, you can imagine that if everything had gone great between us, we would have had disaster. I would have written just happy songs – and I tried it in the early '90s and it didn't work; the public didn't like it.[24] | ” |
A multiple Grammy Award winner, Springsteen also won an Academy Award in 1994 for his song "Streets of Philadelphia", which appeared the soundtrack to the film Philadelphia. The song, along with the film, was applauded by many for its sympathetic portrayal of a gay man dying of AIDS.[citation needed] The music video for the song shows Springsteen's actual vocal performance, recorded using a hidden microphone, to a prerecorded instrumental track.[citation needed] This technique was developed on the "Brilliant Disguise" video.
In 1995, after temporarily re-organizing the E Street Band for a few new songs recorded for his first Greatest Hits album (a recording session that was chronicled in the documentary Blood Brothers), he released his second (mostly) solo guitar album, The Ghost of Tom Joad, inspired by John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath and by Journey to Nowhere: The Saga of the New Underclass, a book by Pulitzer Prize-winners author Dale Maharidge and photographer Michael Williamson. This was generally less well-received than the similar Nebraska, due to the minimal melody, twangy vocals, and political nature of most of the songs, although some praised it for giving voice to immigrants and others who rarely have one in American culture. The lengthy, worldwide, small-venue solo acoustic Ghost of Tom Joad Tour that followed successfully featured many of his older songs in drastically reshaped acoustic form, although Springsteen had to explicitly remind his audiences to be quiet and not to clap during the performances.
Following the tour, Springsteen moved back to New Jersey with his family.[25] In 1998, Springsteen released the sprawling, four-disc box set of out-takes, Tracks. Subsequently, Springsteen would acknowledge that the 1990s were a "lost period" for him: "I didn't do a lot of work. Some people would say I didn't do my best work."[26]
Springsteen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 by Bono of U2, a favor he returned in 2005.
In 1999, Springsteen and the E Street Band officially came together again and went on the extensive Reunion Tour, lasting over a year. Highlights included a record sold-out, 15-show run at Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey and a ten-night, sold-out engagement at New York City's Madison Square Garden which ended the tour. The final two shows were recorded for an HBO Concert, with corresponding DVD and album releases as Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band: Live in New York City. A new song, "American Skin (41 Shots)", about the police shooting of Amadou Diallo which was played at these shows proved controversial.
In November 2000, Springsteen filed legal action against Jeff Burgar which accused him of registering the domain brucespringsteen.com (along with several other celebrity domains) in bad faith to funnel web users to his Celebrity 1000 portal site. Once the legal complaint was filed, Burgar pointed the domain to a Springsteen biography and message board. In February 2001, Springsteen lost his dispute with Burgar. A WIPO panel ruled 2 to 1 in favor of Burgar.[27][28]
On Labor Day 2001 Springsteen played at Donovan's Reef in Sea Bright, NJ, surprising a local cover band named Brian Kirk and the Jerks and performed "Rosalita" with them showing his support and love.
2002–2007: Return to success[link]
File:RisingTourGiantsStadiumLot.jpg
The scene outside the Giants Stadium parking lot for banner-marked, record-setting, 10-night stand of The Rising Tour during July 2003.
In 2002, Springsteen released his first studio effort with the full band in 18 years, The Rising, produced by Brendan O'Brien. The album, mostly a reflection on the September 11 attacks, was a critical and popular success. (Many of the songs were influenced by phone conversations Springsteen had with family members of victims of the attacks who in their obituaries had mentioned how his music touched their lives.) The title track gained airplay in several radio formats, and the record became Springsteen's best-selling album of new material in 15 years. Kicked off by an early-morning Asbury Park appearance on The Today Show, The Rising Tour commenced, barnstorming through a series of single-night arena stands in the U.S. and Europe to promote the album in 2002, then returning for large-scale, multiple-night stadium shows in 2003. While Springsteen had maintained a loyal hardcore fan base everywhere (and particularly in Europe), his general popularity had dipped over the years in some southern and midwestern regions of the U.S. But it was still strong in Europe and along the U.S. coasts, and he played an unprecedented 10 nights in Giants Stadium in New Jersey, a ticket-selling feat to which no other musical act has come close.[29] During these shows Springsteen thanked those fans who were attending multiple shows and those who were coming from long distances or another country; the advent of robust Bruce-oriented online communities had made such practices more common. The Rising Tour came to a final conclusion with three nights in Shea Stadium, highlighted by renewed controversy over "American Skin" and a guest appearance by Bob Dylan.
During the early 2000s, Springsteen became a visible advocate for the revitalization of Asbury Park, and played an annual series of winter holiday concerts there to benefit various local businesses, organizations, and causes. These shows were explicitly intended for the devoted fans, featuring numbers such as the E Street Shuffle outtake "Thundercrack", a rollicking group-participation song that would mystify casual Springsteen fans. He also frequently rehearses for tours in Asbury Park; some of his most devoted followers even go so far as to stand outside the building to hear what fragments they can of the upcoming shows. The song "My City of Ruins" was originally written about Asbury Park, in honor of the attempts to revitalize the city. Looking for an appropriate song for a post-Sept. 11 benefit concert honoring New York City, he selected "My City of Ruins", which was immediately recognized as an emotional highlight of the concert, with its gospel themes and its heartfelt exhortations to "Rise up!" The song became associated with post-9/11 New York, and he chose it to close The Rising album and as an encore on the subsequent tour.
At the Grammy Awards of 2003, Springsteen performed The Clash's "London Calling" along with Elvis Costello, Dave Grohl, and E Street Band member Steven Van Zandt and No Doubt's bassist, Tony Kanal, in tribute to Joe Strummer; Springsteen and the Clash had once been considered multiple-album-dueling rivals at the time of the double The River and the triple Sandinista!. In 2004, Springsteen and the E Street Band participated in the "Vote for Change" tour, along with John Mellencamp, John Fogerty, the Dixie Chicks, Pearl Jam, R.E.M., Bright Eyes, the Dave Matthews Band, Jackson Browne, and other musicians. All concerts were to be held in swing states, to benefit the liberalism political organization group America Coming Together and to encourage people to register and vote. A finale was held in Washington, D.C., bringing many of the artists together. Several days later, Springsteen held one more such concert in New Jersey, when polls showed that state surprisingly close. While in past years Springsteen had played benefits for causes in which he believed – against nuclear energy, for Vietnam veterans, Amnesty International, and the Christic Institute – he had always refrained from explicitly endorsing candidates for political office (indeed he had rejected the efforts of Walter Mondale to attract an endorsement during the 1984 Reagan "Born in the U.S.A." flap). This new stance led to criticism and praise from the expected partisan sources. Springsteen's "No Surrender" became the main campaign theme song for John Kerry's unsuccessful presidential campaign; in the last days of the campaign, he performed acoustic versions of the song and some of his other old songs at Kerry rallies.
Devils & Dust was released on April 26, 2005, and was recorded without the E Street Band. It is a low-key, mostly acoustic album, in the same vein as Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad although with a little more instrumentation. Some of the material was written almost 10 years earlier during, or shortly after, the Ghost of Tom Joad Tour, a couple of them being performed then but never released.[30] The title track concerns an ordinary soldier's feelings and fears during the Iraq War. Starbucks rejected a co-branding deal for the album, due in part to some sexually explicit content but also because of Springsteen's anti-corporate politics. The album entered the album charts at No. 1 in 10 countries (United States, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Ireland). Springsteen began the solo Devils & Dust Tour at the same time as the album's release, playing both small and large venues. Attendance was disappointing in a few regions, and everywhere (other than in Europe) tickets were easier to get than in the past. Unlike his mid-1990s solo tour, he performed on piano, electric piano, pump organ, autoharp, ukulele, banjo, electric guitar, and stomping board, as well as acoustic guitar and harmonica, adding variety to the solo sound. (Offstage synthesizer, guitar, and percussion were also used for some songs.) Unearthly renditions of "Reason to Believe", "The Promised Land", and Suicide's "Dream Baby Dream" jolted audiences to attention, while rarities, frequent set list changes, and a willingness to keep trying even through audible piano mistakes kept most of his loyal audiences happy.
In November 2005, Sirius Satellite Radio started a 24-hour, seven-day-a-week radio station on Channel 10 called E Street Radio. This channel featured commercial-free Bruce Springsteen music, including rare tracks, interviews, and daily concerts of Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band recorded throughout their career.
In April 2006, Springsteen released We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions, an American roots music project focused around a big folk sound treatment of 15 songs popularized by the radical musical activism of Pete Seeger. It was recorded with a large ensemble of musicians including only Patti Scialfa, Soozie Tyrell, and The Miami Horns from past efforts. In contrast to previous albums, this was recorded in only three one-day sessions, and frequently one can hear Springsteen calling out key changes live as the band explores its way through the tracks. The Bruce Springsteen with The Seeger Sessions Band Tour began the same month, featuring the 18-strong ensemble of musicians dubbed The Seeger Sessions Band (and later shortened to The Sessions Band). Seeger Sessions material was heavily featured, as well as a handful of (usually drastically rearranged) Springsteen numbers. The tour proved very popular in Europe, selling out everywhere and receiving some excellent reviews,[31] but newspapers reported that a number of U.S. shows suffered from sparse attendance.[32][33][34] By the end of 2006, the Seeger Sessions tour toured Europe twice and toured America for only a short span. Bruce Springsteen with The Sessions Band: Live in Dublin, containing selections from three nights of November 2006 shows at The Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, was released the following June.
Springsteen's next album, titled Magic, was released on October 2, 2007. Recorded with the E Street Band, it featured 10 new Springsteen songs plus "Long Walk Home", performed once with the Sessions band, and a hidden track (the first included on a Springsteen studio release), "Terry's Song", a tribute to Springsteen's long-time assistant Terry Magovern, who died on July 30, 2007.[35] The first single, "Radio Nowhere", was made available for a free download on August 28. On October 7, Magic debuted at No. 1 in Ireland and the UK. Greatest Hits reentered the Irish charts at No. 57, and Live in Dublin almost cracked the top 20 in Norway again. Sirius Satellite Radio also restarted E Street Radio on Channel 10 on September 27, 2007, in anticipation of Magic.[36] Radio conglomerate Clear Channel Communications was alleged to have sent an edict to its classic rock stations to not play any songs from the new album, while continuing to play older Springsteen material. However, Clear Channel Adult Alternative (or "AAA") station KBCO did play tracks from the album, undermining the allegations of a corporate blackout.[37] The Springsteen and E Street Band Magic Tour began at the Hartford Civic Center with the album's release and continued through North America and Europe. Springsteen and the band performed live[38] on NBC's Today Show in advance of the opener. Longtime E Street Band organist Danny Federici left the tour in November 2007 to pursue treatment for melanoma[39] from which he would die in 2008.[40]
2008–present: Recent activities[link]
Springsteen at a rally for the presidential candidate Barack Obama
Cleveland, Ohio on November 2, 2008
Springsteen supported Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, announcing his endorsement in April 2008[41] and going on to appear at several Obama rallies as well as performing several solo acoustic performances in support of Obama's campaign throughout 2008,[42] culminating with a November 2 rally where he debuted "Working On A Dream" in a duet with Scialfa.[43] At an Ohio rally, Springsteen discussed the importance of "truth, transparency and integrity in government, the right of every American to have a job, a living wage, to be educated in a decent school, and a life filled with the dignity of work, the promise and the sanctity of home...But today those freedoms have been damaged and curtailed by eight years of a thoughtless, reckless and morally-adrift administration."[44]
Following Obama's electoral victory on November 4, Springsteen's song "The Rising" was the first song played over the loudspeakers after Obama's victory speech in Chicago's Grant Park. Springsteen was the musical opener for the Obama Inaugural Celebration on January 18, 2009 which was attended by over 400,000.[45] He performed "The Rising" with an all-female choir. Later he performed Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land" with Pete Seeger.
On June 18, 2008, Springsteen appeared live from Europe at the Tim Russert tribute at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., to play one of Russert's favorite songs, "Thunder Road". Springsteen dedicated the song to Russert, who was "one of Springsteen's biggest fans."[citation needed]
On January 11, 2009, Springsteen won the Golden Globe Award for Best Song for "The Wrestler", from the Mickey Rourke film by the same name.[46] After receiving a heartfelt letter from Mickey Rourke, Springsteen supplied the song for the film for free.[47]
Springsteen performed at the halftime show at Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009,[48] agreeing to do it after many previous offers.[49] A few days before the game, Springsteen gave a rare press conference, where he promised a "twelve-minute party."[50][51] His 12:45 set, with the E Street Band and the Miami Horns, included abbreviated renditions of "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out"", "Born to Run", "Working on a Dream", and "Glory Days", the latter complete with football references. The set of appearances and promotional activities led Springsteen to say, "This has probably been the busiest month of my life."[52]
Springsteen's Working on a Dream album was released in late January 2009[53] and the supporting Working on a Dream Tour ran from April 2009 until November 2009. The tour featured few songs from the new album, with instead set lists dominated by classics and selections reflecting the ongoing late-2000s recession.[54] The tour also featured Springsteen playing songs requested by audience members holding up signs as on the final stages of the Magic Tour.[54] Drummer Max Weinberg was replaced for some shows by his 18-year-old son Jay Weinberg, so that the former could serve his role as bandleader on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien.[54] During this tour, Springsteen and the band made their first real foray in the world of music festivals, headlining nights at the Pinkpop Festival in the Netherlands, Festival des Vieilles Charrues in France, the Bonnaroo Music Festival in the United States and the Glastonbury Festival in the UK[55] and Hard Rock Calling in the UK.[56] Several shows on the tour featured full album presentations of Born to Run, Darkness on the Edge of Town, or Born in the U.S.A.[57] The band performed a stretch of five final shows at his homestate Giants Stadium, opening with a new song highlighting the historic stadium, and his Jersey roots, named "Wrecking Ball".[58] The tour ended as scheduled in Buffalo, NY in November 2009 amid speculation that it was the last performance ever by the E Street Band, but during the show Springsteen said it was goodbye “for a little while.”[59] A DVD from the Working on a Dream Tour entitled London Calling: Live in Hyde Park was released in 2010.
In addition to his own touring, Springsteen made a number of appearances at tribute and benefit concerts during 2009, including The Clearwater Concert, a celebration of Pete Seeger's 90th birthday, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 25th anniversary benefit concert,[60] a benefit for the advocacy group Autism Speaks at Carnegie Hall.[61] On January 22, 2010, he joined many well-known artists to perform on Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief,[62] organized by George Clooney to raise money to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
File:American Land ESB Fireworks Giants 100309.jpg
Fireworks go off at the conclusion of the "E! Street! Band!" exhortation during the final shows at Giants Stadium.
In 2009, Springsteen performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States.[63]
Springsteen was among the recipients of the Kennedy Center Honors, an annual award to figures from the world of arts for their contribution to American culture, in December 2009.[64] President Obama gave a speech in which he talked about how Springsteen has incorporated the life of regular Americans in his expansive pallette of songs and how his concerts are beyond the typical rock-and-roll concerts, how, apart from being high-energy concerts, they are "communions". He ended the remark "while I am the president, he is The Boss". Tributes were paid by several well-known celebrities including Jon Stewart (who described Springsteen's "unprecedented combination of lyrical eloquence, musical mastery and sheer unbridled, unadulterated joy"). A musical tribute featured John Mellencamp, Ben Harper, and Jennifer Nettles, Melissa Etheridge, Eddie Vedder, and Sting.
The 2000s ended with Springsteen being named one of eight Artists of the Decade by Rolling Stone magazine[65] and with Springsteen's tours ranking him fourth among artists in total concert grosses for the decade.[66]
In September 2010, a documentary about the making of his 1978 album Darkness on The Edge of Town was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film, The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town, was included in a box set reissue of the album, entitled The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story, released in November 2010. Also airing on HBO, the documentary explored Springsteen's making of the acclaimed album, and his role in the production and development of the tracks.
Springsteen has finished his next studio album with Ron Aniello,[67] who also co-produced the 2007 album Play It As It Lays, by Springsteen's wife, Patti Scialfa. Ron Aniello also produced "Children's Song" early in 2011, a duet with Springsteen and Scialfa, which was done for a charity project.
Clarence Clemons, the E Street Band's saxophonist since 1972, died on June 18, 2011, of complications from a stroke. “Clarence lived a wonderful life,” Springsteen said in a statement. “He carried within him a love of people that made them love him. He created a wondrous and extended family. He loved the saxophone, loved our fans and gave everything he had every night he stepped on stage.”[68]
Springsteen's 17th studio album, Wrecking Ball, was released on March 6, 2012. On January 13, 2012, Hollywood Reporter released an article describing the sound of the new album. According to the article, the album is Springsteen at his angriest yet and addresses economic justice quite a bit. The article describes the album musically as being very rock-and-roll with unexpected textures, loops, electronic percussion and a variety of influences.[69] The album consists of eleven tracks plus two bonus tracks. Three songs previously only available as live versions, "Wrecking Ball", "Land of Hope and Dreams," and "American Land," appear on the album.[70] The album's first single, "We Take Care of Our Own", was released on January 19, 2012.
On January 24, 2012, Springsteen's official web site announced that the E Street Band will commence a world tour called the Wrecking Ball Tour on March 18, 2012, in Atlanta. The tour will run through at least July 31, 2012, and will consist of at least two legs featuring 51 dates, although the headline "First US Leg of 2012 World Tour" may imply that the tour will continue into autumn 2012 or beyond.[71] As tickets for the first U.S. dates went on sale, many fans were unable to obtain tickets, much like for the 2009 Working on a Dream Tour, allegedly due to a heavy volume of ticket scalpers. Shows sold out within minutes and many tickets appeared, at much higher prices, on resale websites such as StubHub less than an hour after the onsale time. Ticketmaster said web traffic was 2.5 times the highest level of the past year during the online sales and suggested that scalpers played a big role. U.S. Representative Bill Pascrell has called for stronger government oversight of online box offices. Pascrell introduced the BOSS ACT in 2009 to increase transparency in the ticket industry. Pascrell said he would reintroduce the bill to Congress.[72][73]
"Rocky Ground" has been announced as the second single from Wrecking Ball and will be released exclusively as part of Record Store Day on April 21, 2012.
Wrecking Ball became Springsteen's tenth No. 1 album in the United States tying him with Elvis Presley for third most No. 1 albums of all-time. Only The Beatles (19) and Jay-Z (12) have more No. 1 albums. Wrecking Ball knocked out Adele's Grammy winning album, 21 after 23 nonconsecutive weeks at #1.[74]
On March 15, 2012, Springsteen was the keynote speaker at the annual SXSW Conference in Austin, Texas.
Musical style[link]
Bruce Springsteen draws on many musical influences from the reservoir of traditional American popular music, folk, blues and country. From the beginning, rock and roll has been the dominant influence. On his debut album, Greetings from Asbury Park, New Jersey, the folk-influence is clear. An example of the influence of this music genre to Springsteen's music is his song "This Hard Land" which demonstrates a clear influence of the style of Woody Guthrie.[citation needed]
He expanded the range of his musical compositions on his second album, The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle.[citation needed] Elements of Latin American music, jazz, soul, and funk influences can be heard; the song "New York City Serenade" is even reminiscent of the music of George Gershwin. These two records prominently featured pianist David Sancious, who left the band shortly into the recording of Springsteen's third album, Born To Run. This album, however, also emphasized the piano, the responsibility now of Roy Bittan.
Earlier in his career, Springsteen has focused more on the rock elements of his music. He initially compressed the sound and developed Darkness On The Edge Of Town just as straightforward as concise musical idiom, for the simple riffs, hard rock guitar solos and clearly recognizable song structures are dominant. He also drew upon a few influences from punk rock on the album, as can be heard on the heavy rhythm following the bridge solo on 'Candy's Room'.[citation needed] His music has been categorized as heartland rock, a style typified by Springsteen, John Fogerty, Tom Petty, Bob Seger, and John Mellencamp. This music has a lyrical reference to the U.S. everyday and the music is kept rather simple and straightforward. This development culminated with Springsteen's hit album Born in the U.S.A., the title song of which has a constantly repeating, fanfare-like keyboard riff and a pounding drum beat. These sounds fit with Springsteen's voice: it cries to the listener the unsentimental story of a disenchanted angry figure. Even songs that can be argued to be album tracks proved to be singles that enjoyed some chart success, such as "My Hometown" and "I'm on Fire", in which the drum line is formed from subtle hi-hat and rim-clicks-shock (shock at the edge of the snare drum) accompanied by synthesizer and Springsteen's soft guitar line. The album, along with some previous records such as "Cadillac Ranch" showed clear rockabilly influences as is evident from his guitar solos, in-fills and vocal styles on these. Another clear influence of early rock n roll on Springsteen's music is evident on the song "Light of Day".
In recent years, Springsteen has changed his music further.[citation needed] There are more folk elements up to the gospel to be heard. His last solo album, Devils and Dust, drew rave reviews not only for Springsteen's complex songwriting, but also for his expressive and sensitive singing.
On the album We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions Springsteen performs folk classics with a folk band, rather than his usual E Street Band. On his ensuing tour he also interpreted some of his own rock songs in a folk style.[citation needed]
The 2007 album Magic was a reflection on the old stadium rock attitude and with its lush arrangements was almost designed to be performed at large stadiums, which also succeeded on the corresponding tour.[citation needed]
Lyrical themes[link]
| "I spent most of my life as a musician measuring the distance between the American dream and American reality" |
| —Bruce Springsteen[75][C] |
Often described as cinematographic in their scope, Springsteen's lyrics frequently explore highly personal themes such as individual commitment, dissatisfaction and dismay with life in a context of every day situations.[76]
It has been recognized that there was a shift in his lyrical approach starting with the album Darkness on the Edge of Town, in which he focused on the emotional struggles of working class life.[77][78]
Politics and activism[link]
Springsteen's music has often contained political themes reflecting his responses to the events occurring around him. A number of these songs contributed to Springsteen’s stardom; many songs cannot be explained without including Springsteen’s political views. The following are a chronological order of the political and activist causes Springsteen has publicly campaigned for:
September 19–23, 1979: Springsteen and the E Street Band joined the Musicians United for Safe Energy anti-nuclear power collective at Madison Square Garden.
August 20, 1981: A Night For The Vietnam Veterans for the Vietnam Veterans’ Association as an appeal to help “heal the physical and psychological wounds inflicted on the soldiers who fought the nation’s most unpopular war”.[79][80]
1984: Turned down several million dollars offered by the Chrysler Corporation to use the song "Born in the U.S.A." in a car commercial.
1985: Featured on the "We Are the World" song and album
1988: Headlined the worldwide Human Rights Now! tour for Amnesty International.
2004: "No Surrender" became the main campaign theme song for John Kerry's unsuccessful presidential campaign; in the last days of the campaign, he performed acoustic versions of the song and some of his other old songs at Kerry rallies.
April 2008: Springsteen announced his endorsement supporting Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign.[81] Throughout the year, he showed his support by attending several rallies and performing in support of Obama’s campaign.
2009: Springsteen contributed to the soundtrack of The People Speak by playing guitar and harmonica.
January 2009: Springsteen was the musical opener for the Obama Inaugural Celebration.
May 3, 2009: Springsteen made an appearance at The Clearwater Concert.
October 29 & 30, 2009: Springsteen made an appearance at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 25th anniversary benefit concert.[82]
January 22, 2010: Springsteen made an appearance at Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief.[83]
Springsteen has additionally been associated with various local food banks, particularly with the New Jersey Food bank for many years. During concerts, he usually breaks the routine to announce his support and later matches the total collection during the concert with his own money. During his Charlotte, North Carolina concert on November 3, 2009, he started with a $10,000 donation for the local food bank to start the collections process – which he again matched later.
He has made substantial financial contributions to various workers' unions both in America and in Europe.
Springsteen is a strong supporter of gay rights, particularly marriage equality. In 2009, he urged lawmakers to legalize gay marriage, later posting on his website "I've long believed in and have always spoken out for the rights of same-sex couples".[84]
Personal life[link]
Springsteen and Julianne Phillips (born May 6, 1960) were married from May 13, 1985 to May 1988, when they separated.[85] The two were opposites in background and his traveling took its toll on their relationship. The final blow came when Springsteen began an affair with Patti Scialfa (born July 29, 1953), whom he had dated briefly in 1984 shortly after she joined the band. Phillips and Springsteen separated in the spring of 1988 without making an announcement to the press, and on August 30, 1988, Julianne filed for divorce. The Springsteen/Phillips divorce was finalized on March 1, 1989.
After the separation in 1988, Springsteen began living with Scialfa. Springsteen received press criticism for the hastiness in which he and Scialfa took up their relationship. In a 1995 interview with The Advocate, Springsteen spoke about the negative publicity the couple subsequently received. "It's a strange society that assumes it has the right to tell people whom they should love and whom they shouldn't. But the truth is, I basically ignored the entire thing as much as I could. I said, 'Well, all I know is, this feels real, and maybe I have got a mess going here in some fashion, but that's life.'" He also noted that, "I went through a divorce, and it was really difficult and painful and I was very frightened about getting married again. So part of me said, 'Hey, what does it matter?' But it does matter. It's very different than just living together. First of all, stepping up publicly- which is what you do: You get your license, you do all the social rituals- is a part of your place in society and in some way part of society's acceptance of you...Patti and I both found that it did mean something."[86]
On July 25, 1990 Scialfa gave birth to the couple's first child, Evan James Springsteen. On June 8, 1991 Springsteen and Scialfa married at their Beverly Hills home. Their second child, Jessica Rae Springsteen, was born on December 30, 1991; and their third child, Samuel Ryan Springsteen, was born on January 5, 1994.[87] The family owns and lives on a horse farm in Colts Neck, New Jersey. They also own homes in Wellington, Florida, a wealthy horse community near West Palm Beach, Los Angeles and Rumson, New Jersey. Their eldest son, Evan, attends Boston College. Their daughter Jessica is a nationally ranked champion equestrian,[88] and attends Duke University.
Since 1991, Springsteen has led a relatively quiet life for a well-known popular performer and artist.[89] He moved from Los Angeles to New Jersey in the early 1990s specifically to raise a family in a non-paparazzi environment.[89] It has been reported that the press conference regarding the 2009 Super Bowl XLIII half-time show was his first press conference for more than 25 years.[90] However, he has appeared in a few radio interviews, most notably on NPR and BBC.[citation needed] 60 Minutes aired his last extensive interview on TV[91] before his tour to support his album, Magic.
Bands[link]
Bruce Springsteen has been a member of, or has been backed by, several bands during his career, most notably The E Street Band.
His earliest known band is The Castiles.
Prior to signing his first record deal in 1972, Springsteen was a member of several bands including Steel Mill. In October 1972 he formed a new band for the recording of his debut album Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., which became known as The E Street Band, although the name was not officially introduced until September 1974.[92][93] The E Street Band performed on all of Springsteen's recorded works from his debut until 1982's Nebraska, a solo album on which Springsteen himself played all the instruments.[citation needed] The full band returned for the next album Born in the USA, but there then followed a period from 1988 to 1999 in which albums were recorded with session musicians. The E Street Band were briefly reunited in 1995 for new contributions to the Greatest Hits compilation, and on a more permanent basis from 1999, since which time they have recorded 3 albums together (The Rising, Magic and Working on a Dream) and performed a number of high profile tours.
The 2005 album Devils & Dust was largely a solo recording, with some contribution from session musicians and the 2006 folk rock We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions album was recorded and toured with another band, known as The Sessions Band. In the summer of 2012, Raymond Bernero will join Bruce on the stage at Wrigely Field in Chicago.
Earlier Bands:[94] The Castiles, Earth, Child, Steel Mill, Sundance Blues Band, Dr Zoom and the Sonic Boom, Bruce Springsteen Band.
E Street Band[link]
Main article: E Street Band
Current members:
- Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, lead and rhythm guitar, harmonica, piano
- Patti Scialfa – backing and duet vocals, acoustic guitar, percussion
- Garry Tallent – bass guitar, tuba
- Roy Bittan – piano, keyboards
- Max Weinberg – drums, percussion
- Steven Van Zandt – lead and rhythm guitar,[95][96] backing vocals, mandolin
- Nils Lofgren – lead and rhythm guitar, pedal steel guitar, backing vocals
With:
- Soozie Tyrell – violin, acoustic guitar, percussion, backing vocals [A]
- Charles Giordano – organ, accordion, glockenspiel[B]
Former members:
- 1973–2011 Clarence Clemons (deceased) – tenor, baritone and soprano saxophones, backing vocals, percussion
- 1973–2008 Danny Federici (deceased) – organ, accordion, backing vocals
Film[link]
Music used in films[link]
Springsteen's music has been used in many films and he has also written and performed several works specifically for films, examples include Philadelphia, Dead Man Walking, Jerry Maguire, and The Wrestler.
| Film | Year of film release | Song(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dead End Street | 1982 | "Point Blank", "Hungry Heart" and "Jungleland" | First use of Springsteen's music in film |
| Risky Business | 1983 | Hungry Heart | |
| Baby, It's You | 1983 | "It's Hard To Be A Saint In The City", "The E Street Shuffle", "She's The One" and "Adam Raised A Cain" | Film directed by John Sayles who later directed music videos for songs from Born in the U.S.A. and Tunnel of Love. |
| Ruthless People | 1986 | "Stand on It" (Tracks version) | |
| Light of Day | 1987 | "(Just Around the Corner to the) Light of Day" | Song written for the film. |
| In Country | 1989 | "I'm On Fire" | Film also contained many Springsteen references. |
| Thunderheart | 1992 | "Badlands" (instrumental version) | |
| Honeymoon in Vegas | 1992 | "Viva Las Vegas" | A 1964 song originally recorded by Elvis Presley. |
| Philadelphia | 1993 | "Streets of Philadelphia" | Song written for film. Won an Oscar.[97] |
| Dead Man Walking | 1995 | "Dead Man Walkin'" | Song written for film. Nominated for an Oscar.[98] |
| The Crossing Guard | 1995 | "Missing" | Song was later released in 2003 on The Essential Bruce Springsteen. |
| Jerry Maguire | 1996 | "Secret Garden" | |
| Cop Land | 1997 | "Drive All Night" and "Stolen Car" | Sylvester Stallone's character plays the songs on his turntable. |
| Fierce Creatures | 1997 | "Hungry Heart" | |
| The Wedding Singer | 1998 | "Hungry Heart" | |
| A Night at the Roxbury | 1998 | "Secret Garden" | |
| Big Daddy | 1999 | "Growin' Up" | Played over a montage near the end of the film. |
| Limbo | 1999 | "Lift Me Up" | Another John Sayles film. |
| High Fidelity | 2000 | "The River" and Blues Guitar Riff | Blues riff played by Springsteen, on-screen during his cameo appearance. "Nebraska" played from vinyl on turntable. |
| The Perfect Storm | 2000 | "Hungry Heart" | |
| 25th Hour | 2002 | "The Fuse" | |
| Grand Theft Parsons | 2003 | "Blood Brothers" | |
| Jersey Girl | 2004 | "Jersey Girl" | Cover of the Tom Waits version |
| Reign Over Me | 2007 | "Drive All Night" and "Out In The Street" | The album The River was also well mentioned in the movie. |
| In the Land of Women | 2007 | "Iceman" | [99] |
| The Heartbreak Kid | 2007 | "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" | |
| Lucky You | 2007 | "Lucky Town" | |
| The Wrestler | 2008 | "The Wrestler" | Written for the film. The song was awarded a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and nominated for the MTV Movie Award as "Best Song From a Movie". |
| Food, Inc. | 2009 | "This Land Is Your Land" | Live version, Bruce Springsteen's performance of the Woody Guthrie song. |
| The Hunter | 2011 | "I'm On Fire" | Willem Dafoe's character sets up a stereo in a tree and uses the song to wake someone sleeping inside the house. |
Films inspired by music[link]
In turn, films have been inspired by his music, including The Indian Runner, written and directed by Sean Penn, which Penn has specifically noted as being inspired by Springsteen's song "Highway Patrolman".[100]
In September 2010, a documentary about the making of his 1978 album Darkness on The Edge of Town was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.[101]
Kevin Smith is an admitted "big fan" of fellow New Jersey native Springsteen and named his film Jersey Girl after the Tom Waits song which Springsteen made famous. The song was also used on the soundtrack.
Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant have cited Springsteen's "Thunder Road" as having been a heavy influence on their 2010 film Cemetery Junction, employing the song's themes of escape and optimism into their story of 1970s England.
In 2011, Springsteen appears in an independent film made by a local musician Chris Vaughn from New Jersey entitled Jerseyboy Hero where the songwriter/filmmaker documents his journey to get his music out to the world by attempting to reach one of his two local New Jersey legends, Bruce Springsteen or Jon Bon Jovi.[102][103]
Acting[link]
Springsteen made his first on-screen appearance in a brief cameo as himself in High Fidelity in 2000 and it was voted "Best Cameo in a Movie" at the MTV Movie Awards.[104][105]
Discography[link]
Main article: Bruce Springsteen discography
Major studio albums (along with their chart positions in the U.S. Billboard 200 at the time of release):
- 1973: Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. (No. 60)
- 1973: The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle (No. 59)
- 1975: Born to Run (No. 3)
- 1978: Darkness on the Edge of Town (No. 5)
- 1980: The River (No. 1)
- 1982: Nebraska (No. 3)
- 1984: Born in the U.S.A. (No. 1)
- 1987: Tunnel of Love (No. 1)
- 1992: Human Touch (No. 2)
- 1992: Lucky Town (No. 3)
- 1995: The Ghost of Tom Joad (No. 11)
- 2002: The Rising (No. 1)
- 2005: Devils & Dust (No. 1)
- 2006: We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions (No. 3)
- 2007: Magic (No. 1)
- 2009: Working on a Dream (No. 1)
- 2012: Wrecking Ball (No. 1)
Awards and recognition[link]
Grammy Awards[link]
- Springsteen has won 21 Grammy Awards, as follows (years shown are the year the award was given for, not the year in which the ceremony was held):
- Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, 1984, "Dancing in the Dark"
- Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, 1987, "Tunnel of Love"
- Song of the Year, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Rock Song, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Rock Vocal Performance, Solo, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Contemporary Folk Album, 1996, The Ghost of Tom Joad
- Best Rock Album, 2002, The Rising
- Best Rock Song, 2002, "The Rising"
- Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, 2002, "The Rising"
- Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, 2003, "Disorder in the House" (with Warren Zevon)
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2004, "Code of Silence"
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2005, "Devils & Dust"
- Best Traditional Folk Album, 2006, The Seeger Sessions: We Shall Overcome
- Best Long Form Music Video, 2006, Wings For Wheels: The Making Of Born to Run
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2007, "Radio Nowhere"
- Best Rock Song, 2007, "Radio Nowhere"
- Best Rock Instrumental Performance, 2007, "Once Upon a Time in the West"
- Best Rock Song, 2008, "Girls in Their Summer Clothes"
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2009, "Working on a Dream"
- Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, 2011, The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story
Golden Globe Awards[link]
- Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "Streets of Philadelphia" in 1994.[46]
- Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "The Wrestler" in 2009.[46]
Academy Awards[link]
- Academy Award for Best Original Song, 1993, "Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia.[106]
Emmy Awards[link]
- The Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band: Live In New York City HBO special won two technical Emmy Awards in 2001.[107]
Other recognition[link]
- October 27, 1975: Bruce Springsteen appears simultaneously on the covers of Newsweek and Time
- Polar Music Prize in 1997.[108]
- Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 1999.[109]
- Inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, 1999.[110]
- Inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame, 2007.[111]
- "Born to Run" named "The unofficial youth anthem of New Jersey" by the New Jersey state legislature; something Springsteen always found to be ironic, considering that the song "is about leaving New Jersey".[112]
- The minor planet 23990, discovered September 4, 1999, by I. P. Griffin at Auckland, New Zealand, was officially named in his honor.[113]
- Ranked No. 23 on Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[114]
- Ranked No. 36 on Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Singers Of All Time.
- Made Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People Of The Year 2008 list.[115]
- Won Critic's Choice Award for Best Song with "The Wrestler" in 2009.[116]
- Performed at the Super Bowl XLIII half time show.
- Kennedy Center Honors, 2009.
- Rolling Stone magazine also ranked 8 out of 16 Springsteen's studio albums in their 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time list.
- Rolling Stone magazine ranked "Born to Run" and "Thunder Road" in its 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time list, in 21st and 86th, respectively.
- Forbes ranked him 6th in The Celebrity 100 in 2009[117]
- John Steinbeck Award
See also[link]
 |
Book: Bruce Springsteen |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart
- List of best selling music artists
Notes[link]
- ^ It is not clear if Tyrell is as full-fledged a band member as the others: some credits and press releases list her as "With" or "Special Guest", while some omit her; on the other hand, Springsteen has stated in interviews that "Soozie is with us."
- ^ Also not clear if Giordano is as full-fledged a band member as the others.
- ^ This quote is an extract from Springsteen's speech from the stage at a rally for presidential candidate Barack Obama on November 2, 2008
References[link]
- ^ Ambrose, Anthony. "inTuneMusic Online: Bruce Springsteen @ East Rutherford 9/30". http://intunemusiconline.com/2009/09/30/bruce-springsteen-east-rutherford-930/. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
- ^ "Top Selling Artists". riaa.com. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ^ "spring would literally mean 'jump'; but idiomatically jumping stone is the correct translation.
- ^ NIAF. "Italian American Contributions". http://www.niaf.org/research/contribution.asp/. Retrieved March 5, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen – Biography". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0819803/bio. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ a b Glory Days: Bruce Springsteen in the 1980s. Dave Marsh, 1987, pg. 88–89.
- ^ Editors, "Boss Talk," THE TABLET, February 25, 2012.
- ^ Springsteen. Robert Hilburn, 1985, p. 28.
- ^ "Musicians' best friends to be honored in Freehold". April 17, 2002. http://newstranscript.gmnews.com/news/2002/0417/Front_page/003.html.
- ^ Loder, Kurt (December 6, 1984). "The Rolling Stone Interview: Bruce Springsteen". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090421085029/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/5933449. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ Racing in the Street: The Bruce Springsteen Reader, Penguin, 2004.
- ^ Brett, Oliver (January 15, 2009). "'What's in a nickame?'". London: BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7829013.stm. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ^ "Backstage With Bruce: Springsteen On His Early Work". National Public Radio. November 15, 2005. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100038036. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
- ^ Lester Bangs (July 5, 1973). "Greetings From Asbury Park, NJ". Rolling Stone. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224125845rn_1/www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/107193/greetings_from_asbury_park_nj. Retrieved March 21, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "History of Crawdaddy". crawdaddy.com. http://beatpatrol.wordpress.com/2009/08/02/peter-knobler-crawdaddy-2008/. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ Rockwell, John (May 9, 1976). "Crawdaddy Party Mirrors Magazine". NY Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40C15F93C5B167493CBA9178DD85F428785F9&scp=1&sq=springsteen%20crawdaddy&st=cse. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ Lester Bangs (1975-11). "Hot Rod Rumble In The Promised Land". Creem. http://home.theboots.net/theboots/articles/bangs_btr_review.html. Retrieved March 21, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ Jon Landau (May 22, 1974). "Growing Young With Rock and Roll". The Real Paper. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20057685_20057687_20152218,00.html. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ Cf. Marsh, David, (2003), pp.14, 203, & various.
- ^ "The Moments". Rolling Stone. June 24, 2004. Archived from the original on December 4, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071204181514/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6085455/the_moments/.
- ^ Guterman, Jimmy. Runaway American Dream. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2005. 153. Print.
- ^ Billboard. Google Books. May 11, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=1CQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT52&dq=billboard+1985&hl=en&ei=MQlaTcPLA4nUgAeQg8HdDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=billboard%201985&f=false. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen biography". http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/brucespringsteen/biography. Retrieved January 21, 2008. Archived from the original on May 23, 2009.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen's Speech After Being Inducted into the Rock 'n Roll Hall of Fame". http://www.loose-ends.it/halloffame.html.
- ^ Tyrangiel, Josh; Kate Carcaterra (August 5, 2002). "Bruce Rising". Time Magazine: pp. 2 of 6. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002987-2,00.html. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
- ^ Fricke, David (February 5, 2009). "Bringing It All Back Home" (PDF). Rolling Stone. http://www.shorefire.com/media/R1071Bruce_20090123_113016.pdf. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
- ^ WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center Administrative Panel Decision, Bruce Springsteen -v- Jeff Burgar and Bruce Springsteen Club
- ^ Smith, Andrew "Bruce Springsteen loses cybersquatting dispute", The Register, February 9, 2001.
- ^ Jon Wiederhorn (September 16, 2003). "Springsteen Is Box-Office Boss With Projected $120M Gross". http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1478248/20030916/story.jhtml.
- ^ ABC News: ABC News[dead link]
- ^ Manzoor, Sarfraz (May 14, 2006). "A runaway American dream". The Guardian (London). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,1774131,00.html. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen and the Seeger Sessions Band – PopMatters Concert Review". Popmatters.com. http://www.popmatters.com/music/concerts/s/springsteen-bruce-060531.shtml. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ JS Online: Born to strum[dead link]
- ^ "Chicago Tribune". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-springsteen-review-story,1,5443206.story?coll=chi-homepagenews-utl. Retrieved August 27, 2010. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011.
- ^ "Terry Magovern, Rest in Peace", Backstreets.com, August 1, 2007. Retrieved August 28, 2007.
- ^ "'E Street Radio' Channel, dedicated to Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, returns exclusively to SIRIUS Satellite Radio". http://investor.sirius.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=264991. Retrieved January 21, 2008.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (October 30, 2007). "D-Day for Britney Spears: New CD 'Blackout' Drops : D-Day for Britney/Bruce: No Radio Play/Denise Rich Raises $5M for Cancer/Rotten Meets Cruise". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,306164,00.html. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ "Today Show: The Boss rocks the plaza!". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20995086/. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "Springsteen Bandmate on Hiatus for Health Reasons". Reuters. November 22, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN2122708620071123. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ Sean Piccoli (April 17, 2008). "Springsteen concert postponed over bandmate's death". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sfl-418brucespingsteen,0,3217057.story. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
- ^ "Springsteen endorses Obama for president". Associated Press for USA Today. April 16, 2008. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/election2008/2008-04-16-springsteen_N.htm?csp=34. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
- ^ "Pitchfork: News". Pitchforkmedia.com. http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/146179-bruce-springsteen-adds-acoustic-obama-shows. Retrieved August 27, 2010. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008.
- ^ "Springsteen plays new 'Working on a Dream' tune at Obama rally in Cleveland". The Plain Dealer. November 2, 2008. http://www.cleveland.com/popmusic/index.ssf/2008/11/springsteen_plays_new_working.html.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen News – Recording Artists' Eleventh Hour Campaigns – Mostly for Obama". idiomag. November 3, 2008. http://www.idiomag.com/peek/47658/bruce_springsteen. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Steve Hendrix and Jonathan Mummolo (January 18, 2009). "Jamming on the Mall for Obama". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/18/AR2009011800917.html?hpid=topnews&sid=ST2009011802825&s_pos=.
- ^ a b c "Springsteen, Rahman Snag Musical Golden Globes". Billboard. September 14, 2009. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/springsteen-rahman-snag-musical-golden-globes-1003929219.story. Retrieved August 27, 2010. Archived from the original on January 5, 2011.
- ^ Bardsley, Garth (January 12, 2009). "How Mickey Rourke Got Bruce Springsteen's 'Wrestler' Song – For Free – MTV Movie News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1602516/how-mickey-rourke-got-bruce-springsteens-wrestler-song-free.jhtml. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
- ^ "Report: "The Boss" to play Super Bowl halftime show". Seattle Post Intelligencer. August 11, 2008. http://www.seattlepi.com/scorecard/nflnews.asp?articleID=237980. [dead link].
- ^ Pareles, Jon (February 1, 2009). "The Rock Laureate". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/01/arts/music/01pare.html. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
- ^ Shore Fire Media. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
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- ^ Wallace, Lindsay (February 10, 2009). "Bruce Springsteen Exclusive: 'I Didn't Even Know I Was Up For A Grammy!'". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1604738/20090210/springsteen_bruce.jhtml. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen's 'Working On A Dream' Set For January 27 Release On Columbia Records" (Press release). Shore Fire Media. November 17, 2008. http://www.shorefiremedia.com/index.php?a=pressrelease&o=2462. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
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- ^ Youngs, Ian (June 28, 2009). "Glastonbury bows down to The Boss". BBC News (London). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8122365.stm. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen covers The Clash at London Hyde Park". NME. UK. June 29, 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/bruce-springsteen/45713. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^ Lustig, Jay (October 10, 2009). "Bruce Springsteen rocks Giants Stadium for the last time". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2009/10/bruce_springsteen_rocks_giants.html. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
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- ^ "The 25th Anniversary Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Concerts". Rockhall25.com. http://www.rockhall25.com/. Retrieved August 27, 2010. Archived from the original on March 9, 2010.
- ^ "Jerry Seinfeld and Bruce Springsteen Headline the Fifth Concert for Autism Speaks at Carnegie Hall on November 17". Autismspeaks.org. September 10, 2009. http://www.autismspeaks.org/press/seinfeld_springsteen_concert.php. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
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- ^ [Garman, B. " Springsteen, Bruce (1949–)." Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. Ed. Sarah Pendergast & Tom Pendergast. Vol. 4 Detroit: St. James Press, 2000. Oct 12, 2011.],.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen – A Night For The Vietnam Veterans (Godfather GR 256/257/258)". Collectorsmusicreviews.com. http://www.collectorsmusicreviews.com/springsteen-bruce/bruce-springsteen-a-night-for-the-vietnam-veterans-godfather-gr-256257258/. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
- ^ "Springsteen endorses Obama for president". Associated Press for USA Today. April 16, 2008. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/election2008/2008-04-16-springsteen_N.htm?csp=34. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ "The 25th Anniversary Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Concerts". Rockhall25.com. http://www.rockhall25.com/. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen performing 'We Shall Overcome'". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSoNzGWJrGs.
- ^ Kadinsky, Sergey. "Bruce Springsteen Rocks Gay Marriage Vote". http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-5954150-503544.html. Retrieved 12/9/2009.
- ^ "The Bruce Springsteen Picture Pages". Superiorpics.com. http://www.superiorpics.com/bruce_springsteen/. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ http://www.brucespringsteen.hu/docs/1995advocate.doc
- ^ "People.com". People. September 23, 1949. http://www.people.com/people/profile/0628673,00.html. Retrieved August 27, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ Jaffer, Nancy (October 9, 2009). "Jessica Springsteen finishes second at Talent Search Finals East, deciding whether to pursue equitation". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/sports/njsports/index.ssf/2009/10/jessica_springsteen_finishes_s.html.
- ^ a b Andrew Anthony (April 20, 2008). ""The Boss picks his voice of America" ''The Observer'' April 20, 2008". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/apr/20/uselections2008.springsteen?INTCMP=SRCH. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ Carpenter, Les (January 29, 2009). "www.washingtonpost.com". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/29/AR2009012904283.html. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ "Springsteen: Silence Is Unpatriotic – 60 Minutes". CBS News. July 27, 2008. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/04/60minutes/main3330463.shtml. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ Fricke, David (January 21, 2009). "The Band on Bruce: Their Springsteen". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/25556603/the_band_on_bruce_their_springsteen/print. Retrieved February 7, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen Bands: from Rogues to E Street Band, passing from Castiles and Steel Mill". http://www.brucespringsteen.it/e_streetx.htm.
- ^ Greetings from E Street (Book), R Santelli
- ^ Little Steven speaks salon.com. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
- ^ Top Musicians Are Composing Own Curricula washingtonpost.com. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
- ^ IMDB – Philadelphia
- ^ IMDB – Dead Man Walking
- ^ Bruce Springsteen – IMDb
- ^ Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "Blood Brothers". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,315772,00.html. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (September 15, 2010). "Springsteen’s Big Night in Toronto Has Lots of "Promise"". Showbiz 411. http://www.showbiz411.com/2010/09/15/springsteens-big-night-in-toronto-has-lots-of-promise. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
- ^ Asbury Park Press. [1], Asbury Park Press: Vaughn snags Springsteen for documentary., March 9, 2008.
- ^ Jerseyboy Hero (2011) – Full cast and crew
- ^ Article on cameo in High Fidelity Entertainment Weekly
- ^ Best cameo MTV award
- ^ "Academy Award for Best Original Song 1994". Songwritershalloffame.org. http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/songs/awards/C179. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ Live in NYC Emmy Awards
- ^ "Polar Music Prize". Polar Music Prize. August 16, 2010. http://www.polarmusicprize.org/newSite/1997.shtml. Retrieved August 27, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame". Rockhall.com. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/bruce-springsteen. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "Songwriter's Hall of Fame". Songwritershalloffame.org. http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C179. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ Daniel Kreps. "NJ Hall of Fame". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080622053126/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/05/06/bruce-springsteen-inducted-into-new-jersey-hall-of-fame/. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "A Brunch O' Bruce". http://www.eonline.com/Features/Features/Bruce/index2.html.
- ^ (23990) Springsteen, IAU Minor Planet Center
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822035047/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5940039/the_immortals__the_greatest_artists_of_all_time_23_bruce_springsteen.
- ^ Penn, Sean (April 30, 2009). "Time Magazine". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1735322,00.html. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen wins Critics Choice Award for 'The Wrestler' song". NME. UK. January 9, 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/bruce-springsteen/41980. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "The Celebrity 100". Forbes. June 3, 2009. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/53/celebrity-09_The-Celebrity-100_Rank.html.
Sources[link]
- Alterman, Eric. It Ain't No Sin To Be Glad You're Alive : The Promise of Bruce Springsteen. Little Brown, 1999. ISBN 0-316-03885-7.
- Coles, Robert. Bruce Springsteen's America: The People Listening, a Poet Singing. Random House, 2005. ISBN 0-375-50559-8.
- Cross, Charles R. Backstreets: Springsteen – the man and his music Harmony Books, New York 1989/1992. ISBN 0-517-58929-X. Contains 15+ interviews and a complete list of all Springsteen songs including unreleased compositions. Complete lising of all concerts 1965–1990 – most of them with tracklists. Hundreds of previously unreleased high quality color pictures.
- Cullen, Jim. Born in the U.S.A.: Bruce Springsteen and the American Tradition. 1997; Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2005. New edition of 1997 study book places Springsteen's work in the broader context of American history and culture. ISBN 0-8195-6761-2
- Eliot, Marc with Appel, Mike. Down Thunder Road. Simon & Schuster, 1992. ISBN 0-671-86898-5.
- Graff, Gary. The Ties That Bind: Bruce Springsteen A to E to Z. Visible Ink, 2005. ISBN 1-57859-151-1.
- Guterman, Jimmy. Runaway American Dream: Listening to Bruce Springsteen. Da Capo, 2005. ISBN 0-306-81397-1.
- Hilburn, Robert. Springsteen. Rolling Stone Press, 1985. ISBN 0-684-18456-7.
- Knobler, Peter with special assistance from Greg Mitchell. "Who Is Bruce Springsteen and Why Are We Saying All These Wonderful Things About Him?", Crawdaddy, March 1973.
- Marsh, Dave. Bruce Springsteen: Two Hearts : The Definitive Biography, 1972–2003. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0-415-96928-X. (Consolidation of two previous Marsh biographies, Born to Run (1981) and Glory Days (1987).)
- Wolff, Daniel. July 4, Asbury Park: A History of the Promised Land. Bloomsbury, 2005. ISBN 1-58234-509-0.
Further reading[link]
- Greetings from E Street: The Story of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. Chronicle Books, 2006. ISBN 0-8118-5348-9.
- Days of Hope and Dreams: An Intimate Portrait of Bruce Springsteen. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8230-8387-X.
- Racing in the Street: The Bruce Springsteen Reader. Penguin, 2004. ISBN 0-14-200354-9.
- Runaway American Dream: Listening to Bruce Springsteen. Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 0-306-81397-1.
- The Ties That Bind: Bruce Springsteen A to E to Z. Visible Ink Press, 2005. ISBN 1-57859-157-0.
- Bruce Springsteen: "Talking". Omnibus Press, 2004. ISBN 1-84449-403-9.
- For You: Original Stories and Photographs by Bruce Springsteen's Legendary Fans. LKC Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-9784156-0-0.
- Bruce Springsteen on Tour: 1968–2005. by Dave Marsh Bloomsbury USA, 2006. ISBN 978-1-59691-282-3.
- The Gospel according to Bruce Springsteen: Rock and Redemption from Asbury Park to Magic. by Jeffrey B. Symynkywicz. Westminster John Knox Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-664-23169-9.
- Magic in the Night: The Words and Music of Bruce Springsteen by Rob Kirkpatrick. St. Martin's Griffin, 2009. ISBN 0-312-53380-2.
- Land of Hope and Dreams: Celebrating 25 Years of Bruce Springsteen In Ireland by Greg Lewis and Moira Sharkey. Magic Rat Books. ISBN 978-0-9562722-0-1
- The Light in Darkness. A history of the Darkness on The Edge of Town album and tour. Lawrence Kirsch Communications. 2009 ISBN 978-0-9784156-1-7
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bruce Springsteen |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bruce Springsteen |
- Official website
- E Street Radio
- Bruce Springsteen at Idiomag 21 12 10
- Bruce Springsteen on National Public Radio in 2005
- Highlights of Springsteen at Glastonbury 2009.
- Bruce Springsteen at NPR Music
- "Library of Hope and Dreams":bibliography of published Springsteen scholarship in English.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Springsteen, Bruce |
| Alternative names | Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen |
| Short description | An American singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | September 24, 1949 |
| Place of birth | Long Branch, New Jersey, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Bruce_Springsteen
Related pages:
http://cs.wn.com/Bruce Springsteen
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2008) |
| Zakk Wylde | |
|---|---|
 Wylde in August 2010 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Jeffrey Phillip Wielandt |
| Also known as | Ghode, The Ghost of Rock Past, The Idol |
| Born | (1967-01-14) January 14, 1967 (age 45) Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Genres | Heavy metal, southern metal, groove metal, southern rock |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter, actor, producer |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals, bass, banjo, piano, keyboards, mandolin, harmonica, organ, mellotron |
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Labels | Geffen, Spitfire, InsideOut Music, Artemis, Roadrunner, Epic, Sony |
| Associated acts | Ozzy Osbourne, Black Label Society, Pride & Glory, Steel Dragon, Britny Fox |
| Website | zakkwylde.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Zakk Wylde Signature Les Paul, Zakk Wylde Signature Gibson Flying V |
|
Zachary Phillip "Zakk" Wylde (born Jeffrey Phillip Wielandt, January 14, 1967), is an American musician, songwriter, and occasional actor who is best known as the former guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne and founder of the heavy metal band Black Label Society. He was the lead guitarist and vocalist in Pride & Glory, who released one self-titled album in 1994 before disbanding. As a solo artist he released Book of Shadows in 1996.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Wylde was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. Wylde started playing the guitar at the age of 14 and worked at Silverton Music in Silverton, New Jersey. He grew up in Jackson, New Jersey, and went to Jackson Memorial High School, where he graduated in 1985. Wylde has stated that he would practice playing the guitar as much as 12 hours per day and would often play the guitar almost non-stop between coming home from school and leaving for school the next morning, then sleeping through the school day.
Music career[link]
Wylde played locally with his first band Stone Henge, then later with local Jersey band Zyris. Later, he landed the role as lead guitarist and co-writer for Ozzy Osbourne. He sent Ozzy a demo tape in 1987 and was hired to replace Jake E. Lee, who had replaced the deceased Randy Rhoads. Rhoads remains Wylde's foremost guitar-playing and stagecraft influence.[1]
Wylde gravitated toward a particular Les Paul guitar, which has become known as "The Grail"; his infamous bullseye-painted Gibson Les Paul custom. Wylde lost the guitar after it fell from the back of a truck transporting equipment as he was travelling between gigs in Texas. Rewards were offered to anyone that had information about the guitar. Wylde and The Grail were reunited years later when a fan bought it at a Dallas pawn shop and saw the initials "Z.W." carved into the humbucker pickups backs. He contacted Wylde's former webmaster Randy Canis to arrange its return to Wylde. He bartered for it, in exchange for two other Les Pauls.[citation needed]
Osbourne has maintained a flexible attitude with regard to his backing band, leaving his band members free to leave as they wish, but Wylde has remained faithful to Osbourne. Wylde was replaced in Osbourne's band by Joe Holmes from 1995 until his return in 2001. On January 17, 2006, Zakk Wylde was recognized at the Hollywood Rock Walk of Fame, featuring his handprints and signature, in recognition of his successful career as a musician and his contribution to the music industry. The event was open to the public and many rock celebrities were present, including Ozzy Osbourne.[citation needed]
After auditions in 2005/2006, Ozzy Osbourne announced Wylde as the official guitarist for his upcoming album, Black Rain, which was released in 2007. On stage with Osbourne, Wylde has been credited for lending a high level of energy and passion to performances. Black Label Society's album Shot To Hell, was released on September 11, 2006 in the UK, and September 12, 2006 in the U.S. through Roadrunner records, with production by Michael Beinhorn. Black Label Society headlined the second stage at the 2006 Ozzfest, with Wylde playing double duty with Ozzy on certain dates. Ozzy Osbourne's album Black Rain, was released in May 2007.[citation needed]
Black Label Society released 'The Song Remains Not the Same' on May 10, 2011 on E1. Wylde also played a guitar solo on Black Veil Brides cover of Kiss' "Unholy," on the band's Rebels EP released in December 2011.[citation needed]
Personal life[link]
Wylde lives with his wife, Barbaranne, and his three children: Hayley Rae, Hendrix, and Jesse—who is godson to Ozzy Osbourne. Wylde was a close friend of Darrell "Dimebag" Abbott before he was murdered in 2004. As of 2011, he is in partnership with Blair's Sauces and Snacks to produce "Berserker" Hot Sauce and several variations.[2] Wylde is Irish Catholic and has spoken about his faith, calling himself as a "soldier of Christ".[citation needed] Wylde's health has come under scrutiny for several years. Wylde was asked by Sharon Osbourne to attend rehab, but left early on.[3] In August 2009, Wylde was hospitalized due to blood clots.[4] He was forced to cancel his tour with Mudvayne and Static-X due to an embolism.[citation needed]
Equipment[link]
He is known for his use of Gibson Les Paul Custom model guitars with a "bulls-eye" graphic on them, a design he used to differentiate himself visually from Randy Rhoads - who was also frequently identified by his white Les Paul Custom. The "bulls-eye" paint job was originally supposed to look like the spiral from the movie Vertigo, but when it came back incorrect from the luthier, he liked the result and stuck with it. He was sometimes criticized by viewers and media for taking the idea of the "bulls-eye" from Eddie Ojeda from Twisted Sister, however, both Eddie and Zakk deny it and suppose it to be coincidence. One of Wylde's favorite stage guitars is a replica of Rhoads' Flying V, with the colours inverted (i.e. White with black dots).
Wylde's signature Les Pauls include a red flame-maple bulls-eye model, a black and antique-white bulls-eye model, an orange "buzz-saw" model, the pattern on which was inspired by a design on a Zippo lighter,[5] and a "camo" bulls-eye model with mother of pearl neck inlays and a green camouflage paint scheme. His original bulls-eye Les Paul was purchased from one of the owners of Metaltronics Amplification. Metaltronics was building a one-off live rig for Wylde that was designed around one of the owner's guitars, a creamy white Les Paul Custom with EMG pickups, which would later become known as "The Grail". Wylde has a custom Dean Splittail with a mud splatter bulls-eye graphic, as well as a signature Splittail shaped Gibson model called the "ZV". Another Dean in his collection is a Dime series Razorback with custom Bulls-eye graphics ordered for him specially by Dimebag Darrell shortly before his death; since receiving the guitar, he has only ever used it on stage to play "In This River," Zakk's personal tribute to Dimebag.
In practice, Wylde uses Marshall MG Series practice combos ranging in wattage levels from 10-30W during tour/private use especially in hotels and buses. Wylde has an extensive relationship with Marshall Amplification due to his love for their amplifiers, both solid state and valve powered. Live, Wylde exclusively uses Marshall JCM 800's with twin 4 X 12 Cabinets loaded with EVM12L 300W Black Label Speakers. His usual signal path consists of his guitar > (on stage pedal board) Dunlop Wylde Wah > Dunlop Rotovibe > MXR EVH Phase 90 (soon to be replaced by the new MXR Wylde Phase) > MXR Wylde Overdrive > MXR Carbon Copy Delay Delay > (to a back stage pedal board) > MXR EVH Flanger > MXR Black Label Chorus > split signals, one to each distorted amp into the High Gain input.
Media appearances[link]
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This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2008) |
Music[link]
Wylde has made guest appearances on various albums by other artists:
- He appears as guest vocalist and guitarist on the tracks "Soul Bleed" and "Reborn" on Damageplan's debut album, New Found Power.
- He played guitar solos on Dope's single "Addiction" from their newest album, No Regrets.
- He plays a solo on Fozzy's 2005 release "All That Remains" on the song, Wanderlust.
- He has also worked on five of Derek Sherinian's solo albums: Inertia, Black Utopia, Mythology, Blood of the Snake and Molecular Heinosity alongside Yngwie Malmsteen and others.
- Wylde was also a judge for the 8th annual Independent Music Awards. His contributions helped assist independent artists' careers.[6][7]
- In 2010 he played lead guitar on My Darkest Days first single "Porn Star Dancing", along with guest singers Chad Kroeger and Ludacris.[8]
- In 1993 Ozzy Osbournes double album Live and Loud was released. Wylde is the guitarist.
- In 2011 he featured in Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed's new project, "Jasta" in the song "The Fearless must Endure".
- He plays the guitar solo on Black Veil Brides cover of the Kiss song "Unholy" on their EP, Rebels.
Live performances[link]
.jpg)
- On August 1, 1993, at Great Woods Amphitheatre in Mansfield, MA, Wylde appeared on stage with the Allman Brothers on lead guitar since Dickey Betts was unable to make the show, and they needed a guitarist at the last minute. This show is documented on the bootleg "Zakk Goes Wylde".
- Wylde is a New York Yankees fan. He performed the National Anthem on the electric guitar during a New York Rangers game in October 2005. He has also played the anthem at Los Angeles Kings and Dodgers games. A video of a Kings performance is included as an extra feature, on the DVD Boozed, Broozed, and Broken-Boned.
- On February 1, 2007 Wylde and Nick Catanese began a tour of acoustic shows at the Hard Rock Cafe in various cities across North America. Although Catanese had to leave mid-tour due to unspecified personal reasons, Wylde continued to play shows alone. He performed several songs, on both the acoustic guitar and keyboard. The tour was eventually canceled due to unspecified reasons.
- On April 13, 2011 he was the guitarist for James Durbin on American Idol, during Durbin's performance of "Heavy Metal", by Sammy Hagar.
- On May 14, 2011 he performed the National Anthem at Rockfest in Kansas City, Missouri.
- Wylde appeared on stage December 8, 2011 in Indianapolis, IN, to play a cover of AC/DC's "Whole Lotta Rosie" with Guns N' Roses while Black Label Society opened for Guns N' Roses during a leg of the US Tour. Wylde also did this on subsequent shows before BLS finished their run on the tour.
Film and television[link]
- On June 5, 2011, he appeared on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and performed with The Roots
- Wylde's film credits include Rock Star (As "Ghode", guitarist of the fictitious band Steel Dragon)
- Wylde also appeared on the TV show Angel in the season four episode "The Magic Bullet" where he plays acoustic on the song "Mandy" while Angel and Conner sing along.
- Wylde has also appeared as a guest star on the TV show Aqua Teen Hunger Force. In it, he plays guitar on a track produced by Master Shake that is supposed to become the next big birthday song, which is called "Spirit Journey Formation Anniversary." Wylde becomes irate when he finds out that Shake cannot pay him for his input on the project. Later in the show, Wylde is killed when caught between the crossfire of two robotic banjo-playing scorpions.
- On September 26, 2003, Wylde appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! and sat in with the house band. During the course of the night he repeatedly made fun of and threatened to beat up Fred Durst, the front man for Limp Bizkit.[9]
- On January 30, 2007, Wylde, alongside Black Label Society, were the musical guests for MTV's Wrestling Society X debut episode. He worked the night as a guest commentator as well.
- On February 2, 2007, Wylde guest hosted on Seattle's 99.9 KISW on the afternoon program The Men's Room.
- On the May 18 edition of WWE Smackdown!, Wylde appeared with Ozzy Osbourne to perform the song "I Don't Wanna Stop", at the First Mariner Arena in Baltimore, Maryland.
- Wylde performed alongside Osbourne on the 2007 VH1 Rock Honors broadcast.
- On October 18, 2009, Zakk Wylde performed the National Anthem on Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's biggest PPV, Bound for Glory, before the matches officially started.
- He appears as a guest in Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage.
- He appears in the Pantera episode of Behind the Music.
- He appears as a music store worker in a scene from the TV show Californication on Showtime, Season 4 Episode 2.t
- He was on tour with Black Label Society in 2010 on the Ozzfest Tour that also had Ozzy and Mötley Crüe, among many others.
- He performed "Heavy Metal" by Sammy Hagar with James Durbin during season 10 of American Idol.
Video games[link]
- Wylde recorded a guitar duel for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. He also appears as a playable character performing the songs Stillborn and, along with Ozzy Osbourne, Crazy Train and Mr. Crowley.
- Some of Wylde's signature guitars have been for sale to play with throughout the Guitar Hero series. These include "The Grail", "The Camo Grail", and "The Buzzsaw".
- Wylde was featured in the first Guitar Hero with the studio version recording of Fire it Up.
- He was the guitarist in the remix of "Bring The Noise" called "Bring The Noise 20XX" that appeared in Guitar Hero 5 as a playable track
Discography[link]
Main article: Zakk Wylde discography
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References[link]
- ^ Wawzenek, Bryan. "Zakk Wylde Pays Tribute To Randy Rhoads". http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/zakk_wylde_pays_tribute_to_randy_rhoads.html. Retrieved 03/19/2012.
- ^ Blair's Sauces and Snacks: The Official Home of Blair's Death Sauce and Extreme Food: Hot Sauces: Zakk Wylde
- ^ "ZAKK WYLDE Denies He Spat Booze In JAMES HETFIELD's Face". BlabberMouth. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=32924.
- ^ Zakk Wylde hospitalized for blood clots, cancels tour | MusicRadar.com
- ^ http://www.guitarchina.com/news/newspic/20050201_091635_93490.jpg
- ^ PRLog
- ^ Independent Music Awards - 8th Annual IMA Judges
- ^ YouTube - Porn Star Dancing (Extended Uncensored)
- ^ YouTube - Zakk Wylde Live On Jimmy Kimmel
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Zakk Wylde |
- Official website
- Black Label Society official website
- Zakk Wylde Video Workshop (Videos in engl.) Source: Bonedo.de
- Zakk Wylde Interview Source: Bonedo.de
- [1] Source: Alternative Press
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Wylde, Zakk |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American musician |
| Date of birth | January 14, 1967 |
| Place of birth | Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Related pages:
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http://nl.wn.com/Zakk Wylde
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http://de.wn.com/Zakk Wylde
http://it.wn.com/Zakk Wylde
http://pl.wn.com/Zakk Wylde
http://cs.wn.com/Zakk Wylde
http://es.wn.com/Zakk Wylde
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakk_Wylde
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including stream, creek, brook, rivulet, tributary and rill. There are no official definitions for generic terms, such as river, as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream may be defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; one example is "burn" in Scotland and northeast England. Sometimes a river is said to be larger than a creek, but this is not always the case, because of vagueness in the language.
Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle. Water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, and the release of stored water in natural ice and snowpacks (e.g., from glaciers). Potamology is the scientific study of rivers.
