Chanakya

Thursday, 31 January 2013

Open Collage in a new Window

Email the Collage

Loading suggestions ...

Bihar
Bihar (/bɨˈhɑr/, pronounced [bɪˈɦaːr] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (98,940 km²) and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India.
Bihar lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km², which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, while the majority of the people speak Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. In 2000, Bihar was divided into 2 parts, the Southern part known as Jharkhand.
Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga, Videha/Mithila, Magadha and Vajji/Vrijji) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India. Out of five "The Greats" from India, four greats belonged to this region of India, Magadh: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya. From Magadha arose India's first and greatest empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization.Nalanda and Vikramshila were centres of learning established in the 5th and 8th century respectively in Bihar, and are counted amongst the oldest and truly international universities, where people all over the world came to study. Bihar has distinction of giving the world its first democracy through Lichchivi (modern days Vaishali) during ancient era.

wn.com/Bihar
Chanakyapuri
Chanakyapuri (Hindi: चाणक्यपुरी), is an affluent neighborhood and Diplomatic Enclave in New Delhi, established in 1950s, and located about 14 km. from Delhi Airport. Chanakyapuri, literally meaning "City of Chanakya", is named for Chanakya, a third century BC Maurya advisor and prime minister.
Chanakyapuri plays host to a majority of foreign embassies in India, and is home to a number of their staffs. Chanakyapuri was also developed as official residences for both politicians and civil servants to the Union Government. As such, it has numerous parks and open spaces, and suffers few utility disruptions.It is also located near to the Prime Minister's Residence.
It was first major extension of New Delhi, outside the Lutyens' Delhi, when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land close to Lutyens Delhi to create a diplomatic enclave in 1950s. Subsequently land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors. The enclave was set up around a wide central vista, known as Shanti Path (Peace Road), with wide green areas, and a large landscaped park spread over an area of 80 acres, known as Nehru Park was developed in 1969, for the families of diplomatic staff. With the park stand the ancient Bhairon Temple. Gradually, two markets, two colleges and schools run by diplomatic mission including, ‘The British School’ and the ‘American School’ were opened.

wn.com/Chanakyapuri
India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

wn.com/India
Karnataka
Karnataka /kɑrˈnɑːtəkə/ is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava (Formation Day). Originally known as the State of Mysore /maɪˈsɔər/, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. It is the land of the Kannadigas, Tuluvas, Konkanis and Kodavas. The capital and largest city is Bangalore.
Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres (74,122 sq mi), or 5.83% of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth largest Indian state by area. With over 61 million inhabitants (2011), Karnataka is the ninth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.
The two main river systems of the state are Krishna and its tributaries (Bhima, Ghataprabha, Vedavati, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra) in the north, and the Cauvery and its tributaries (Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathi, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini) in the south. Both these rivers flow eastward and fall into the Bay of Bengal.

wn.com/Karnataka
Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km² (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.

wn.com/Kerala
Mysore
Mysore (ⁱ/ˈmaɪsɔər/; Maisūru in Kannada) is the second-largest city in the state of Karnataka, India. Located at the base of the Chamundi Hills about 146 km (91 mi) southwest of the state capital Bangalore, it is spread across an area of 128.42 km² (50 sq mi). According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census of India, the population of Mysore is 887,446 and Hinduism is its major religion. Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city, which is also the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division.
Until 1947, Mysore served as the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore. The kingdom was ruled by the Wodeyar dynasty, except for a brief period in the late 18th century when Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan usurped power. Patrons of art and culture, the Wodeyars contributed significantly to the cultural growth of the city. The cultural ambience and achievements of Mysore earned it the sobriquet Cultural capital of Karnataka.
Mysore is noted for its palaces including the Mysore Palace, and the festivities that take place during the Dasara festival when the city receives a large number of tourists. It lends its name to the Mysore style of painting, the sweet dish Mysore Pak, the Mysore Peta (a traditional silk turban) and the garment known as the Mysore silk saree. Tourism is the major industry, while information technology has emerged as a major employer alongside the traditional industries. With no airport, Mysore depends on rail and bus transport for inter-city connections. The city was the location of the first private radio station in India. Mysore houses Mysore University which has produced several notable authors, particularly in the field of Kannada literature. Cricket is the most popular sport in the city.

wn.com/Mysore
Pakistan
Pakistan (ⁱ/ˈpækɨstæn/ or ⁱ/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.

wn.com/Pakistan
Pataliputra
Pāṭaliputra (Devanagari: पाटलिपुत्र), modern-day Patna, was a city in ancient India, originally built by Ajatashatru in 490 BC as a small fort (Pāṭaligrama) near the River Ganges, and later the capital of the ancient Mahājanapadas kingdom of Magadha. Its key central location in north central India led rulers of successive dynasties to base their administrative capital here, from the Nandas, Mauryans, Sungas and the Guptas down to the Palas. In the Lord Buddha's day it was a village known as Pataligrama. He visited it shortly before his death and prophesied it would be great but would face destruction either by fire, water, or civil war.^{[citation needed]} Two important councils were held here, the first at the death of the Buddha and the second in the reign of Asoka. During the reign of Emperor Asoka in the 3rd century BCE, it was one of the world's largest cities, with a population of 150,000-300,000.^{[citation needed]} Pataliputra reached the pinnacle of prosperity when it was the capital of the great Mauryan Emperors, Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great. The city prospered under the Mauryas and a Greek ambassador Megasthenes resided there and left a detailed account of its splendour. The city also became a flourishing Buddhist centre boasting a number of important monasteries. It remained the capital of the Gupta dynasty (3rd–6th centuries CE) and the Pala Dynasty (8th-12th centuries CE). The city was largely in ruins when visited by Hsüan-tsang, and suffered further damage at the hands of Muslim raiders in the 12th century. Afterwards Sher Shah Suri made Pataliputra his capital and changed the name to modern Patna.

wn.com/Pataliputra
Taxila
Taxila (Urdu: ٹیکسلا) is a Tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province of Pakistan. It is an important archaeological site. Taxila is situated about 32 km (20 mi) northwest of Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi in Panjab; just off the Grand Trunk Road. Taxila lies 549 metres (1,801 ft) above sea level.
The city dates back to the Gandhara period and contains the ruins of the Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā which was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. In 1980, Taxila was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site with multiple locations. In 2006 it was ranked as the top tourist destination in Pakistan by The Guardian newspaper.
Scattered references in later works indicate that Takshashila may have dated back to at least the 5th century BCE. Takṣaśilā is reputed to derive its name from Takṣa, who was the son of Bharata, the brother of Rama, and Mandavi. Legend has it that Takṣa ruled a kingdom called Takṣa Khanda, and founded the city of Takṣaśilā. According to another theory propounded by Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi, Takṣaśilā is related to Takṣaka, Sanskrit for "carpenter", and is an alternative name for the Nāgas of ancient India.

wn.com/Taxila
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km²), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.

wn.com/Uttar_Pradesh

Ashoka
Ashoka (Devanāgarī: अशोक, IAST: Aśoka, IPA: [aˈɕoːkə], ca. 304–232 BC), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from ca. 269 BC to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests. His empire stretched from present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan in the west, to the present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of Assam in the east, and as far south as northern Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. He conquered the kingdom named Kalinga, which none of his ancestors had conquered starting from Chandragupta Maurya. His reign was headquartered in Magadha (present-day Bihar). He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the mass deaths of the Kalinga War, which he himself had waged out of a desire for conquest. He was later dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across Asia and established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha. Ashoka was a devotee of ahimsa (nonviolence), love, truth, tolerance and vegetarianism. Ashoka is remembered in history as a philanthropic administrator. In the history of India, Ashoka is referred to as Samraat Chakravartin Ashoka – the "Emperor of Emperors Ashoka".

wn.com/Ashoka
Ashwin Sanghi
Ashwin Sanghi (born January 25, 1969) is an Indian author of thriller fiction, best known for his 2007 novel, The Rozabal Line. Sanghi is interested in the lost years of Jesus, the primary theme of his first novel which hypothesizes that Jesus survived the crucifixion and traveled to India. The Rozabal Line was originally published under his pseudonym Shawn Haigins. The revised edition of The Rozabal Line was published by Westland Ltd. & Tranquebar Press in 2008 under his own name.
Ashwin Sanghi was born and raised in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, the youngest of three children. His schooling was at the Cathedral and John Connon School (Class of 1985). After graduating from Cathedral in 1985 Sanghi attended St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. He attended the Yale School of Management, receiving an MBA in 1993. After graduating from Yale, Sanghi joined his family's business enterprise while continuing to write thriller fiction part-time.

wn.com/Ashwin_Sanghi
Bindusara
Bindusara was the second Mauryan emperor (c. 320 BC – 272 BC, ruled. 298 BC – c. 272 BC) after Chandragupta Maurya. During his reign, the empire expanded southwards. He had two well-known sons, Susima and Ashoka, who were the viceroys of Taxila and Ujjain. The Greeks called him Amitrochates or Allitrochades - the Greek transliteration for the Sanskrit word 'Amitraghata' (Slayer of enemies). He was also called 'Ajatashatru' (Man with no enemies) in Sanskrit (not to be confused with Ajatashatru who ruled Magadha empire 491 BC – 461 BC and was son of King Bimbisara). He also went by the title Deva-nampriya.
Bindusara was the son of the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya and his queen Durdhara. According to the Rajavalikatha a Jain work, the original name of this emperor was Simhasena. According to a legend mentioned in the Jain texts, Chandragupta's Guru and advisor Chanakya used to feed the emperor with small doses of poison to build his immunity against possible poisoning attempts by the enemies. One day, Chandragupta not knowing about poison, shared his food with his pregnant wife queen Durdhara who was 7 days away from delivery. The queen not immune to the poison collapsed and died within few minutes. Chanakya entered the room the very time she collapsed, and in order to save the child in the womb, he immediately cut open the dead queen's belly and took the baby out, by that time a drop of poison had already reached the baby and touched its head due to which child got a permanent blueish spot (a "bindu") on his forehead. Thus, the newborn was named "Bindusara".

wn.com/Bindusara
Chanakya
Chānakya (Sanskrit: चाणक्य Cāṇakya) (c. 370–283 BCE) was a teacher to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupta (c. 340–293 BCE) - the first emperor in the archaeologically recorded history to rule the complete Indian Subcontinent. Chanakya is generally considered to be the architect of Chandragupta's rise to power at a young age. Traditionally, he is also identified by the names Kautilya and Vishnu Gupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise called Arthaśāstra. Chanakya is considered as the pioneer of the field of economics and political science and his work is thought of as an important precursor to Classical Economics. Chanakya's works predate Machiavelli's by about 1,800 years. Chanakya was a teacher in Takṣhaśhila, now in Pakistan, an ancient centre of learning, and was responsible for the creation of Mauryan empire, the first of its kind on the Indian subcontinent. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta dynasty and not rediscovered until 1915.
Chanakya's birthplace is a matter of controversy, and there are multiple theories about his origin. According to some scholars he was born in a family of Brahmin as the son of Acharya Chanak in Patliputra (near present-day Patna), the capital of Magadh.^{[citation needed]} According to Jaina accounts, Chānakya was born in the village of Patliputra, a (maithil) Brahmin couple. According to the Buddhist text Mahavamsa Tika, his birthplace was Patliputra. The Jain scriptures like Adbidhana Chintamani mention his birth place as South India possibly present-day Kerala.

wn.com/Chanakya
Chandragupta Maurya
Chandragupta Maurya (Sanskrit: चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य महान Hindi: चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य महान), (born c. 340 BCE, ruled c. 320 BCE, – 298 BCE) was the founder of the Maurya Empire. He succeeded in conquering most of the Indian subcontinent and is considered the first unifier of India as well as its first genuine emperor. In foreign Greek and Latin accounts, Chandragupta is known as Sandrokyptos (Σανδρόκυπτος), Sandrokottos (Σανδρόκοττος) or Androcottus.
Prior to Chandragupta's consolidation of power, small regional kingdoms dominated the northwestern subcontinent, while the Nanda Dynasty dominated the middle and lower basin of the Ganges. After Chandragupta's conquests, the Maurya Empire extended from Bengal and Assam in the east, to Afghanistan and Balochistan,some part of the easten and south-east Iran in the west, to Kashmir and Nepal in the north, and to the Deccan Plateau in the south. Tradition holds that Chandragupta abdicated his throne to become a monk and led such an ascetic life that he starved himself to death. Whether or not this is factually accurate, he was succeeded by his son in 298 BC.

wn.com/Chandragupta_Maurya
Dasaratha Maurya
According to the Matsya Purana^{[citation needed]}, Dasaratha succeeded his paternal grandfather Ashoka the Great as ruler of the Maurya empire. Daśaratha was only about twenty years old, when he ascended the throne of the Maurya empire with the help of ministers. When Ashoka died, his son and heir was Kunala, who was Dasaratha's father's brother. However, Kunala had became blind at an early age, and was deemed unfit to rule by ministers and courtiers. Therefore Dasaratha became Emperor in preference to his uncle when Ashoka died. He then ruled for eight years. When Dasaratha died, he was succeeded not by his own son, but instead by Kunala's son Samprati. This was because of the circumstances of Dasaratha's accession. All of this is known to us from the Matsya Purana^{[citation needed]}, which is copiously referenced by Romila Thapar when writing her book on the decline of the Maurya empire.
Daśaratha is known to have dedicated three caves in the Nagarjuni Hills to the Ajivikas. Three inscriptions at the cave refer to him as "Devanampiya Daśaratha" and state that the caves were dedicated by him shortly after his accession. It is therefore probable that the caves were commissioned not by him but by one of his predecessors, possibly his grandfather Ashoka.

wn.com/Dasaratha_Maurya
Edgar Thurston
Edgar Thurston CIE (1855-1935) was a British museologist and ethnographer working in colonial Southern India. In 1885 he was appointed to the Madras Government Museum, where he held the role of Superintendent. Among other published works, he wrote the seven volumes of Castes and Tribes of Southern India, which was a part of the Ethnographic Survey of India project to which he was appointed in 1901 following the success of Herbert Hope Risley's Ethnographic Survey of Bengal. Risley had been an adherent to the theories of scientific racism and Thurston continued in this vein by, for example, incorporating nasal index studies into his own project.
He was assisted in the writing of Castes and Tribes by a colleague from the museum, K. Rangachari, who had also assisted him in a 1906 ethnographic study, Ethnographic Notes in Southern India. Rangachari had supplied most of the forty photographs used in this earlier study. The September 1910 edition of Nature described the work as
Thurston was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind, first class, on 26 June 1902.

wn.com/Edgar_Thurston
Ratan Lal Basu
Ratan Lal Basu (Bengali: রতন লাল বসু, 23 December 1948) is an economist and English fiction author from Kolkata, India.
The place of birth of Dr. Ratan Lal Basu is the village Belakoba in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, India. He was born on 23 December 1948. His father Sri Mahendra Lal Bose was educated from St. Xavier’s School and College, Calcutta, he later on got settled at the village Belakoba and played a pioneering role in establishing many schools in the remote villages of the Jalpaiguri district.,
Dr. Basu studied in and passed Higher Secondary Examination with brilliant results from Belakoba High School 17 k.m. from Jalpaiguri town. Dr. Basu did his Honors and M.A. degrees in Economics from Presidency College, Kolkata, then affiliated with the University of Calcutta, and at present upgraded to Presidency University, Kolkata, and did Ph. D. on the Arthasastra of Kautilya, a treatise on Economics, Politics and Espionage, written around 300 B.C.
Dr. Basu joined the Bhairab Ganguly College, then affiliated with the University of Calcutta, as a Lecturer in Economics and later on became a Reader and retired as the Teacher-in-Charge (Acting Principal). As a Teacher-in-Charge he took initiative in completing the NAAC inspection of the college, streamlining the admission procedure to ensure justice to the applicants and completion of the long overdue asset registration.

wn.com/Ratan_Lal_Basu
Thomas Trautmann
Thomas R. Trautmann is a US historian and Professor in the Department of History at the University of Michigan. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of London. His studies focus on Ancient India and other subjects.
Among Trautmann's many published works are:

wn.com/Thomas_Trautmann
Uttarapatha
Ancient Buddhist and Hindu texts use Uttarapatha as the name of the northern part of Jambudvipa, one of the "continents" in Hindu mythology.
The name is derived from the Sanskrit terms uttara, for north, and patha, for road. Initially, the term Uttarapatha referred to the northern high road, the main trade route that followed along the river Ganges, crossed the Indo-Gangetic watershed, ran through the Punjab to Taxila (Gandhara) and further to Zariaspa or Balkh (Bactria) in Central Asia. The eastern terminus of the Uttarapatha was Tamraliptika or Tamluk located at the mouth of Ganges in west Bengal. This route became increasingly important due to increasing maritime contacts with the seaports on the eastern coast of India during the Maurya rule. Later, Uttarapatha was the name lent to the vast expanse of region which the northern high road traversed.
The boundaries of Uttarapatha, as a region, are nowhere precisely defined in the Buddhist or any other ancient source. According to some writers, the Uttarapatha included the whole of Northern India, from Anga in the east to Gandhara in the north-west, and from the Himalaya in the north to the Vindhya in the south.

wn.com/Uttarapatha
Vishnu Sharma
Vishnu Sharman (Sanskrit: विष्णु शर्मा) was an Indian scholar and author who is believed to have written the Panchatantra collection of fables. The exact period of the composition of the Panchatantra is uncertain, and estimates vary from 1200 BCE to 300 CE. Some scholars place him in the 3rd century BCE.
Vishnu Sharman is one of the most widely translated non-religious authors in history. The Panchatantra was translated into Pahlavi in 570 CE by Borzūya and into Arabic in 750 CE by Persian scholar Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa as Kalīlah wa Dimnah (Arabic: كليلة و دمنة‎). In Baghdad, the translation commissioned by Al-Mansur, the second Abbasid Caliph, is claimed to have become "second only to the Qu'ran in popularity." "As early as the eleventh century this work reached Europe, and before 1600 it existed in Greek, Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, English, Old Slavonic, Czech, and perhaps other Slavonic languages. Its range has extended from Java to Iceland." In France, "at least eleven Panchatantra tales are included in the work of La Fontaine."

wn.com/Vishnu_Sharma

Chanakya - Episode 1

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 14 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya Hindi Serial Volume 1 of 8

Chanakya Hindi Serial Volume 1 of 8 VOLUME 1 Episode 1 King Dhanananda, the last heir to t...

published: 07 May 2012

author: SK G

Chanakya - Episode 2

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 14 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 3

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 14 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 4

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 14 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 5

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 14 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 7

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 15 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 8

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 15 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 10

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 15 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 11

'Chanakya' was a renounced Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. ...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 12

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 13

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 14

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya - Episode 15

'Chanakya' was a renowned Indian scholar and teacher to the Maurya Emperor Chandragupta. W...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: rajshri

Chanakya Episode 1 Part 3

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 2 Part 1

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 2 Part 2

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 2 Part 3

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 3 Part 1

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 3 Part 2

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 3 Part 3

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 4 Part 1

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 4 Part 2

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 4 Part 3

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 5 Part 1

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 5 Part 2

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 5 Part 3

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 7 Part 1

...

published: 20 Mar 2011

author: ImagesIndia1

Chanakya Episode 1 Part 1

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 1 Part 2

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 1 Part 3

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 2 Part 1

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 2 Part 2

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 2 Part 3

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 3 Part 1

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 3 Part 2

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 3 Part 3

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 4 Part 1

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 4 Part 2

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 4 Part 3

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 5 Part 1

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Episode 5 Part 2

...

published: 05 Aug 2011

author: Raghunandana Palle

Chanakya Ending 1

Chanakya Episode 1 Ending....

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 2

Chanakya Episode 2 Ending....

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 3

Chanakya Episode 3 ending...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 4

Chanakya, Episode 4 Ending Sequence...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 5

Chanakya, Episode 5 ending Sarve Api Sukhina Santu Sarve Santu Niramaya Sarve Bhadrani Pa...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 6

Chanakya Episode 6 Ending...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 7

Chanakya Episode 7 Ending...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 8

Chanakya Episode 8 Ending...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 9

Chanakya Episode 9 Ending...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 10

Chanakya Episode 10 Ending...

published: 03 Sep 2007

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 12

Chanakya Episode 12 Ending (There are no ending shlokas in Episode 11)...

published: 09 Feb 2008

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 13

Chanakya Episode 13 Ending...

published: 09 Feb 2008

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 14

Chanakya Episode 14 Ending...

published: 09 Feb 2008

author: teluguvaadu

Chanakya Ending 15

Chanakya Episode 15 Ending...

published: 09 Feb 2008

author: teluguvaadu

Bindaas Bollywood - Interview with Dr. Radhakrishnan Pillai on Chanakya Speaks -- the film

Dr. Radhakrishnan Pillai talks about the upcoming film Chanakya Speaks: The Seven Pillars ...

published: 23 Jul 2012

author: ShemarooEnt

Chanakya IAS Academy | TV99 News Channel | IAS Coaching | Hindi

On Saturday, June 19, 2010 - TV99 News Channel coverage about Chanakya IAS Academy and a b...

published: 03 Aug 2010

author: bibhashsharma

Chanakya IAS Academy has been offering educational services to the students preparing for ...

published: 22 May 2010

author: bibhashsharma

Example of an excellent interview

Sandeep Atre (Director- Academics, CH EdgeMakers) through example of "Chanakya" telling th...

published: 08 Oct 2010

author: chedgemakers

www.chanakyaiasacademy.com Chanakya IAS Academy has been offering educational services to ...

published: 25 Dec 2010

author: AOSsquad

Chanakya Episode 1 Part 2

...

published: 26 Jan 2011

author: raptorquotient

Part 2/2 - All Indians MUST KNOW Chanakya's Vision for UNITED INDIA

Twitter: twitter.com Channels on YouTube: www.youtube.com www.youtube.com Facebook Discuss...

published: 07 Dec 2012

author: IndianCorruptionNews

Civil Services Exams | Chanakya IAS Academy | TV99 News Channel | IAS Coaching | Hindi

www.chanakyaiasacademy.com On Saturday, June 19, 2010 - TV99 News Channel coverage about C...

published: 25 Dec 2010

author: AOSsquad

chanakya-UsA promo

Just an updated version of the previous trailer.....enjoy!...

published: 07 May 2009

author: hbkroddy

Avinash Dharmadhikari -1

Avinash Dharmadhikari's lecture on Kargil War. Shri Avinash Dharmadhikari - a noted young ...

published: 09 Feb 2008

author: Pradnesh Deshmukh

crazy seamen (TS CHANAKYA DECK CADETS IMU-BATCH 4)

deck cadet-akshay deck cadet-rohit deck cadet-selva deck cadet-sangay...

published: 23 Oct 2011

author: Akshay Doiphode

Avinash Dharmadhikari - 12

Avinash Dharmadhikari yanche Kargil war baddal surekh bhashan Shri Avinash Dharmadhikari -...

published: 11 Feb 2008

author: Pradnesh Deshmukh

(Part 1)Ashwin Sanghi, author of 'Chanakya's Chant' & 'The Rozabal Line' at Crossword, Pune

Ashwin's main speech for the event...

published: 23 Mar 2011

author: varundabke

He Is Almost Like Chanakya - Amitabh Bachchan

So, who is it that Mr Bachchan is referring to? Find out.... Visit www.bollywoodhungama.co...

published: 04 Jul 2012

author: hungama

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color bgr_color_content font_color">
        <div class="video_facebook">
            <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20130131200007/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/chanakya&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a>
        </div>

photo: AP / Aleppo Revolution Against Assad Regime

This citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Revolution Against Assad's Regime which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows dead bodies on a street in Aleppo, Syria Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013.

Syria Massacre: Group Says At Least 65 Found Shot In Head, With Hands Bound In Aleppo

Huffington Post

29 Jan 2013

By Alexander Dziadosz and Oliver Holmes. BEIRUT, Jan 29 (Reuters) - At least 65 people were found shot dead with their hands bound in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo on Tuesday in a "new massacre" in the near two-year revolt against President Bashar al-Assad, activists said. Opposition campaigners blamed the government but it was impossible to confirm who was responsible ... The U.N ... State media did not mention the incident ... STALEMATE ... ....(size: 9.0Kb)

photo: AP / Ariel Schalit

Israeli troops patrol along the border between Israel and Syria

Israeli jets targeted military research center: Syria

Zeenews

31 Jan 2013

Zeenews Bureau. Damascus. The Syrian Army has confirmed that Israeli Air Force fighter planes carried out strikes in its territory, but denied reports of a convoy carrying weapons to Lebanon was bombed. The Syrian Army statement says that the IAF jet fighters’ target was a military research centre near the border with Lebanon. Two people have been reported to be dead and five others injured in the attack ... First Published ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

photo: AP / Korea Aerospace Research Institute

In this photo released by Korea Aerospace Research Institute, South Korea's rocket lifts off from its launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013.

South Korea launches rocket carrying satellite in battle for space supremacy

The Guardian

30 Jan 2013

Launch of 140-tonne rocket likely to anger North Korea, which incurred tougher UN sanctions after December launch. The rocket takes off from its launchpad at Naro, south of Seoul. South Korea has twice before failed to put a satellite into space. Photograph. Kari/AFP/Getty Images ... Relief greeted the Naro rocket's flawless liftoff from a space centre on the south coast at 4pm local time ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

photo: AP / David Guttenfelder

N. Korea revealed - on Google

Star Tribune

30 Jan 2013

SEOUL - Until Tuesday, North Korea appeared on Google Maps as a near-total white space -- no roads, no train lines, no parks and no restaurants. The only thing labeled was the capital city, Pyongyang. This all changed when Google, on Tuesday, rolled out a detailed map of one of the world's most secretive states ... Similar processes were used in other once-unmapped countries like Afghanistan and Myanmar ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

photo: AP / A.M. Ahad

Bangladeshi government supporters kick a Jamaat-e-Islami activist on a street during a march by the Islamist party to garner support for Thursday’s nationwide strike, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013.

Bangladesh strike over war crimes trials sparks clashes

BBC News

31 Jan 2013

Police in Bangladesh have fired tear gas and rubber bullets as Islamist activists sought to enforce a national strike. Clashes took place in the capital Dhaka - where protesters torched vehicles - and other towns and cities ... Correspondents say much of the country has been brought to a standstill ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

Old wisdom in a new cover

The Hindu

30 Jan 2013

A few thousand years ago, Chanakya cemented his role as chief advisor and architect of the Mauryan dynasty, forever imprinting himself in the yellowing pages of history ... and Chanakya comes in a brand new avatar, trying to salvage modern India from crisp newly minted pages ... Varma’s Chanakya’s New Manifesto ... Chanakya’s New Manifesto, Pavan K....(size: 3.0Kb)

Florida funds teaser for champ four ROSHAN KUMAR Uncertainty prevails over the participation of four ...

The Telegraph India

29 Jan 2013

Uncertainty prevails over the participation ......(size: 0.2Kb)

Ozone-Industry mentors boost employability quotient

IIFL

29 Jan 2013

Shantanu Sen Sharma, 48, is a veteran of the IT industry having worked in companies like the HCL group and Tech Mahindra for over 25 years. Prior to setting up Ozone, he was Vice President, Sales in Tech Mahindra ... He is also an avid sports fan ... We also do work for Chanakya Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai.  In last couple of years, we mentored about 3,500 students every year from 11 odd Institutes ... ....(size: 11.6Kb)

Book rack

Deccan Herald

26 Jan 2013

Chanakya’s New Manifesto. Pavan K Varma. Aleph, 2013, pp 242, 295 ... What would classical India’s greatest thinker, Chanakya, do if confronted with the various crises that’s dogging India? Using this question as the starting point for his new book, Pavan K Varma has drawn up a detailed plan to bring about reform and change. Stay Hungry Stay Foolish. Rashmi Bansal. Westland, 2012, pp 363, 150 ... To believe in their dreams ... Nano....(size: 3.4Kb)

Indian community in US celebrates R-day

Newstrack India

26 Jan 2013

Tweet. Washington, Jan 26 (IANS) Indian community in the US celebrated India's 64th Republic Day with Ambassador Nirupama Rao unfurling the national flag at a colourful function at the Indian embassy here on a clear but chilly day ... Over 150 guests, including prominent members of the Indian American community, attended ... Read More. Puri ... Chanakya Puri ... Bera ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.8Kb)

All Inclusive Reference Dissertation Writing Service from Chanakya Research at 40% Concession

Yahoo Daily News

24 Jan 2013

Boston (PRWEB) January 24, 2013 Chanakya Research has launched an offer that is sure to make dissertation writing trouble-free for master’s scholars, and help them gain high scores ... About the company.. Chanakya Research is research support and education outsourcing company, based in New Delhi, India ... The scope of services offered by Chanakya Research is wide and serves both PhD and master’s scholars ... Puneet Chadha. Chanakya Research ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

The pull of film A screening in progress at Cynosure-2013 at St Xaviers College, Ranchi, ...

The Telegraph India

24 Jan 2013

... has brought Chanakya man Chandraprakash Dwivedi, a qualified medical professional, to the state capital....(size: 0.5Kb)

India will send out sternest possible message against rape

Newstrack India

24 Jan 2013

Tweet. United Nations, Jan 24 (IANS) India has vowed to ensure that the culprits involved in December's horrific gang rape and subsequent death of an Indian woman in Delhi are brought to speedy justice to send out a sternest possible message ... Justice J S Verma's Committee, Puri noted, has suggested ways to initiate a series of steps to ensure that such crimes do not happen again ... null. Read More. Puri . Vikas Puri . Chanakya Puri ... J K Puri....(size: 4.0Kb)

Change is an idea in Chanakya's new manifesto

The Times of India

23 Jan 2013

Chanakya's New Manifesto ... Varma's new book, "Chanakya's New Manifesto ... The narrative is in the voice of one of the greatest thinkers and teachers in Indian history - Chanakya - as his response to the various crises that beset modern India. Chanakya (380-270 BC) is known for his "Arthashashtra", a seminal treatise on governance, strategy and statecraft,....(size: 4.2Kb)

Change is an idea in Chanakya's new manifesto (IANS Book Review)

Newstrack India

23 Jan 2013

"Chanakya's New Manifesto ... Varma's new book, "Chanakya's New Manifesto ... The narrative is in the voice of one of the greatest thinkers and teachers in Indian history - Chanakya - as his response to the various crises that beset modern India. Chanakya (380-270 BC) is known for his "Arthashashtra", a seminal treatise on governance, strategy and statecraft, ... Chanakya Puri ....(size: 5.8Kb)

Pipili gang-rape: Tribunal quashes officer's dismissal

Newstrack India

23 Jan 2013

Tweet. Bhubaneswar, Jan 23 (IANS) The state administrative tribunal in Odisha has quashed the dismissal order served by the state government on a police officer in connection with the gang-rape in Pipili area of Puri district, a lawyer said Wednesday ... The tribunal quashed the order saying that action against Champatiray had been taken without giving him chances to defend, his lawyer M.K ... null ... Chanakya Puri ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 3.0Kb)

Bookish knowledge

The Times of India

22 Jan 2013

One whose knowledge is confined to books and whose wealth is in the possession of others, ... Chanakya Niti 39. * ... Jalaluddin Rumi. * ... Buddhadasa Bhikkhu . * ....(size: 0.7Kb)

Pavan Kumar Verma to be Bihar chief minister's cultural advisor

The Times of India

22 Jan 2013

PATNA. A career diplomat and famous litterateur Pavan Kumar Verma has been appointed chief minister Nitish Kumar's cultural advisor, a post created exclusively for him. The former Indian ambassador in Bhutan, Verma called on the CM a few days bck and expressed his desire to work with him ... Verma who met Nitish on Saturday last presented his newly released book 'Chanakya's New Manifesto' to the CM ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

For other uses, see Chanakya (disambiguation).

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (October 2010)

Acharya Chanakya
Full name	Acharya Vishnugupta
Born	370 BC
Birthplace	Patliputra (modern day Patna)
Died	283 BC (aged 87)

Chānakya (Sanskrit: चाणक्य Cāṇakya) (c. 370–283 BCE) was a teacher to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupta (c. 340–293 BCE) - the first emperor in the archaeologically recorded history to rule the complete Indian Subcontinent. Chanakya is generally considered to be the architect of Chandragupta's rise to power at a young age. Traditionally, he is also identified by the names Kautilya and Vishnu Gupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise called Arthaśāstra.^[1] Chanakya is considered as the pioneer of the field of economics and political science and his work is thought of as an important precursor to Classical Economics.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Chanakya's works predate Machiavelli's by about 1,800 years.^[6] Chanakya was a teacher in Takṣhaśhila, now in Pakistan, an ancient centre of learning, and was responsible for the creation of Mauryan empire, the first of its kind on the Indian subcontinent. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta dynasty and not rediscovered until 1915.^[3]

1 Origin
2 Literary work
3 Life
- 3.1 Death
4 Legacy
- 4.1 Media
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links

Origin [link]

Birth [link]

Chanakya's birthplace is a matter of controversy, and there are multiple theories about his origin.^[7] According to some scholars he was born in a family of Brahmin as the son of Acharya Chanak in Patliputra (near present-day Patna), the capital of Magadh.^{[citation needed]} According to Jaina accounts, Chānakya was born in the village of Patliputra, a (maithil) Brahmin couple. According to the Buddhist text Mahavamsa Tika, his birthplace was Patliputra.^[8] The Jain scriptures like Adbidhana Chintamani mention his birth place as South India possibly present-day Kerala.^[8]

Chanakya enjoyed the best education of the time, in Takshashila. Then he is said to have taught in Takshashila which had established itself as a place of learning. The school had by that time existed for more than five centuries and attracted students from all over the ancient world. The Kingdom of Magadha maintained contact with Takshashilâ. Chanakya's life was connected to these two cities, Pataliputra and Takshashilâ.

Identity [link]

He is generally called Chanakya (derived from his father's name "Chanak")^[9] but, in his capacity as author of the Arthaśhāstra, is generally referred to as Kautilya derived from his gotra's name Shakaldweepi. He was a master of the shrewd act of diplomacy. He believed in four ways—Sama, Dama, Danda, Bheda (treating with Equality, Enticement, Punishment or War and Sowing Dissension.)^[10] The Arthaśhāstra identifies its author by the name Kautilya,^[1] except for one verse which refers to him by the name Vishnugupta.^[11] One of the earliest Sanskrit literatures to explicitly identify Chanakya with Vishnugupta was Vishnu Sharma's Panchatantra in the 3rd century BC.^[12]

K.C. Ojha puts forward the view that the traditional identification of Vishnugupta with Kautilya was caused by a confusion of editor and originator and suggests that Vishnugupta was a redactor of the original work of Kautilya.^[1] Thomas Burrow goes even further and suggests that Chanakya and Kautilya may have been two different people.^[13]

Early life [link]

The classical Sanskrit play by Vishakhadatta, Mudrarakshasa, is one popular source of Chanakya lore.

Kauṭilya was educated at Taxila or Takshashila,^[14] then present in north-western India and now in present day Pakistan. The new states (in present-day Bihar and Uttar Pradesh) by the northern high road of commerce along the base of the Himalayas maintained contact with Takshashilâ and at the eastern end of the northern high road (uttarapatha) was the kingdom of Magadha with its capital city, Pataliputra, now known as Patna.

In his early years he was tutored extensively in the Vedas - Chanakya memorized them completely at a very early age. He also taught mathematics, geography and science along with dharmic education. Later he traveled to Takshashila, where he became a teacher of politics. Chanakya taught subjects using the best of practical knowledge acquired by the teachers. The age of entering the University was sixteen. The branches of study most sought after around India at that time ranged from law, medicine, warfare and other disciplines. Two of his more famous students were Bhadrabhatta and Purushdutta, who were also disciples of Chanakya.

According to the Kashmiri version of his legend, Chāṇakya, there is an anecdote which says a thorn had pricked his foot once. After that instead of uprooting the tree, he poured buttermilk (in Hindi called "Mattha" )on the tree so that the ants will gather around tree and finish the tree to its last pieces.

Literary work [link]

Two books are attributed to Chanakya: Arthashastra and Neetishastra which is also known as Chanakya Niti. The Arthashastra discusses monetary and fiscal policies, welfare, international relations, and war strategies in detail. Neetishastra is a treatise on the ideal way of life, and shows Chanakya's deep study of the Indian way of life. Chanakya also developed Neeti-Sutras (aphorisms - pithy sentences) that tell people how they should behave. Of these well-known 455 sutras, about 216 refer to raaja-neeti (the do's and don'ts of running a kingdom). Apparently, Chanakya used these sutras to groom Chandragupta and other selected disciples in the art of ruling a kingdom.

He was a highly educated man. He also knew vedic astrology. His thoughts about vedic astrology can be found in the text called saravali.

Life [link]

Silver punch mark coin of the Mauryan empire, with symbols of wheel and elephant. 3rd century BCE.

Thomas R. Trautmann lists the following elements as common to different forms of the Chanakya legend:^[15]

The Nanda King throws Chānakya out of his court, prompting Chānakya to swear revenge.
Chānakya searches for one worthy for him to rule through. Chānakya encounters a young Chandragupta Maurya who is a born leader even as a child. Chanakya established monarchial system in ancient historical times in India. He may be main architect to groom a child, but his means to reach power were manipulative and secretive.
Chānakya's initial attempt to overthrow Nanda fails, whereupon he comes across a mother scolding her child for burning himself by eating from the middle of a bun or bowl of porridge rather than the cooler edge. Chāṇakya realizes his initial strategic error and, instead of attacking the heart of Nanda territory, slowly chips away at its edges.
Chānakya changed his alliance with the mountain king Parvata due to his obstinacy and non-adherence to the principles of the treaty as agreed.
Chānakya enlists the services of a fanatical weaver to rid the kingdom of rebels.
Chānakya adds poison to the food eaten by Chandragupta Maurya, now king, in order to make him immune.^[16]^{[citation needed]} Unaware, Chandragupta feeds some of his food to his queen, who is in her ninth month of pregnancy. In order to save the heir to the throne, Chānakya cuts the queen open and extracts the foetus, who is named Bindusara because he was touched by a drop (bindu) of blood having poison.^{[citation needed]} ^[17]

Chanakya was a shrewd observer of nature. Once, it is said that Mauryan forces had to hide in a cave. There was no food, and the soldiers were starving.They could not come out of the cave either, as there was a threat to their lives. Chanakya saw an ant taking a grain of rice, whereas, there was no sign of food or grain anywhere. Moreover, the rice grain was cooked. He ordered the soldiers to search and they found that their enemies had been dining under the cave. Indeed, they were eating at the ground floor. As soon as they saw this, they escaped and were thus saved.

Death [link]

When Bindusara was in his youth, Chandragupta gave up the throne and followed the Jain saint Bhadrabahu to present day Karnataka and settled in the place of Shravana Belagola. He lived as an ascetic for some years and died of voluntary starvation according to Jain tradition.

Chanakya meanwhile stayed as the administrator of Bindusara. Bindusara also had a minister named Subandhu who did not like Chanakya. One day he told Bindusara that Chanakya was responsible for the murder of his mother. Bindusara asked the nurses who confirmed this story and he became very angry with Chanakya. But, he then came to know why the great soul did so. The real cause of Chanakya's death is unknown and disputed. But it is mentioned at various places that he died out of his own wish(ichamrityu literally- icha meaning wish mrityu meaning death)

Legacy [link]

Chanakya is not only considered a great thinker and diplomat, but also one of the earliest people who envisaged the united India spanning the entire subcontinent. A great nation divided into many small princely states and kingdoms but there was a strong cultural thread and history, geography and commerce which united the Indian peninsula.

The diplomatic enclave in New Delhi is named Chanakyapuri in honour of Chanakya. Institutes named after him include Training Ship Chanakya, Chanakya National Law University and Chanakya Institute of Public Leadership.

Media [link]

The story of Chanakya and Chandragupta was taken as film in Telugu language in 1977 entitled Chanakya Chandragupta. Akkineni Nageswara Rao played the role of Chanakya, while N. T. Rama Rao portrayed as Chandragupta.^[18]
Television series Chanakya is archetypal account of the life and times of Chanakya, based on the play "Mudra Rakshasa" (The Signet Ring of "Rakshasa")
A Television series on Imagine TV available as "Chandragupta Maurya" (The serial is based on the life of Indian ruler "Chandragupta Maurya" and "Chanakya")^[19] role of chanakya is being played by Manish Wadhwa who is doing full justice with the personality of Chanakya.
A book has been published in English titled 'Chanakya on Management"{18} in which each of the 216 sutras on raja-neeti has been translated and commented upon. Clearly, the entire system of thought propounded by Chanakya is based on following good ethical principles.
In his Arthasastra, Chanakya has discussed widely various economic issues. A book written by Ratan Lal Basu & Rajkumar Sen has dealt exhaustively with these economic concepts of Chanakya and their relevance for the modern world.^[20]
Many eminent Kauṭilya experts from all over the world had discussed various aspects of Kauṭilya's thought in an International Conference held in 2009 at Oriental Research Institute, Mysore, India to celebrate the Centenary of discovery of the manuscript of the Arthashastra by R. Shamasastry. Most of the papers presented in the Conference have been compiled in an edited volume by Raj Kumar Sen and Ratan Lal Basu.^[21]^[22]
Chanakya's Chant by Ashwin Sanghi is a fictional retelling of the life of Chanakya a political strategist of ancient India. The novel relates two stories in parallel, the first of Chanakya and his machinations to bring Chandragupta Maurya to the throne of Magadha; the second, that of a modern-day character called Gangasagar Mishra who makes it his ambition to position a slum child as the Prime Minister of India.
A popular Hindi channel started a Biographical series on the life of Chandragupta Maurya and his teacher, Chanakya. The series is named Chandragupta Maurya.^[23]
The song "Make My" by The Roots from their 2011 album Undun features a quote attributed to Chanakya: "A man is born alone and dies alone; he experiences the good and the bad and the consequences of his karma alone; and he goes alone to hell or the Supreme Abode"
Kautilya's role in the formation of the Mauryan Empire is the essence of a historical/spiritual novel The Courtesan and the Sadhu by Dr. Mysore N. Prakash.^[24]

Notes [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c Mabbett, I. W. (1964). "The Date of the Arthaśāstra". Journal of the American Oriental Society (American Oriental Society) 84 (2): 162–169. DOI:10.2307/597102. JSTOR 597102. ISSN 0003-0279.
^ L. K. Jha, K. N. Jha (1998). "Chanakya: the pioneer economist of the world", International Journal of Social Economics 25 (2-4), p. 267–282.
^ ^a ^b Waldauer, C., Zahka, W.J. and Pal, S. 1996. Kauṭilya's Arthashastra: A neglected precursor to classical economics. Indian Economic Review, Vol. XXXI, No. 1, pp. 101-108.
^ Tisdell, C. 2003. A Western perspective of Kauṭilya's Arthasastra: does it provide a basis for economic science? Economic Theory, Applications and Issues Working Paper No. 18. Brisbane: School of Economics, The University of Queensland.
^ Sihag, B.S. 2007. Kauṭilya on institutions, governance, knowledge, ethics and prosperity. Humanomics 23 (1): 5-28.
^ Herbert H. Gowen (1929). and in a much more conventional world.or Political Theory in India Two Thousand Years Ago, Political Science Quarterly 44 (2), p. 173–192.
^ Maxims of Chanakya: Kautilya. Abhinav Publications by V. K. Subramanian (1980). Page 2. ISBN 978-0-8364-0616-0. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ ^a ^b The Indian Encyclopaedia by Subodh Kapoor (2002). Cosmo Publications. Page 1372. ISBN 978-81-7755-257-7. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ Trautmann, Thomas R. (1971). Kautilya and the Arthaśhāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 10.
^ Trautmann 1971:10 "while in his character as author of an Arthaśhāstra he is generally referred to by his gotra name, Kautilya."
^ Mabbett 1964
Trautmann 1971:5 "the very last verse of the work...is the unique instance of the personal name Vishnugupta rather than the gotra name Kautilya in the Arthaśhāstra.
^ Mabbett 1964: "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Vishnugupta, Chanakya and Kautilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Vishnugupta."
^ Trautmann 1971:67 'T. Burrow ("Cāṇakya and Kauṭalya", Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 48–49 1968, p. 17 ff.) has now shown that Cāṇakya is also a gotra name, which in conjunction with other evidence makes it clear that we are dealing with two distinct persons, the minister Cāṇakya of legend and Kauṭilya the compiler of the Arthaśāstra. Furthermore, this throws the balance of evidence in favor of the view that the second name was originally spelt Kauṭalya and that after the compiler of the Arth. came to be identified with the Mauryan minister it was altered to Kautilya (as it appears in Āryaśūra, Viśākhadatta and Bāna) for the sake of the pun. We must then assume that the later spelling subsequently replaced the earlier in the gotra lists and elsewhere.'
^ Chanakya-Niti
^ Trautmann 1971:"The Chāṇakya-Chandragupt-Kathā"
^ Bibliotheca Indica, Volume 96, Issue 5. Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India). Baptist Mission Press, 1891.
^ Jainism in South India by P. M. Joseph. International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 1997. ISBN 978-81-85692-23-4.
^ Chanakya Chandragupta, 1977 Telugu film at IMDb.
^ TV, Imagine. "Channel". TV Channel. http://www.imagine.tv/in/shows/subhome/123/1779/.
^ Ratan Lal Basu & Rajkumar Sen: Ancient Indian Economic Thought, Relevance for Today, ISBN 81-316-0125-0, Rawat Publications, New Delhi, 2008
^ Raj Kumar Sen & Ratan Lal Basu (eds): Economics in Arthasastra, ISBN 81-7629-819-0, Deep& Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006
^ Srinivasaraju, Sugata (27 July 2009). "Year of the Guru". Outlook India. http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?250522. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
^ "Chandragupta Maurya". www.tvbasti.com, Retrieved 11 January 2012
^ The Courtesan and the Sadhu, A Novel about Maya, Dharma, and God, October 2008, Dharma Vision LLC.,ISBN 978-0-9818237-0-6, Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934274

References [link]

Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa (1929). History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to the Present Day.
Thurston, Edgar; K. Rangachari (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India Volume I - A and B. Madras: Government Press.

External links [link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Chanakya

Dead external links may exist in this section. You can help by finding suitable replacements. (August 2011)

v t e Schools of economic thought

Pre-modern	Ancient schools Medieval Islamic Scholasticism

Early modern	Mercantilism Physiocrats School of Salamanca

Modern	American (National) Anarchist Classical Distributism English historical French historical French liberal Georgism German historical Lausanne Libertarian anarchism Libertarian socialism Malthusian Marxian Neoclassical Neomercantilism Ricardian Ricardian socialism State socialism Utopian

20th century	Austrian Carnegie Chartalism Chicago Circuitism Constitutional Freiburg Gandhian Institutional Islamic Keynesian Neo-Keynesian Neo-Malthusian Neo-Marxian Neo-Ricardian New classical New institutional Participatory Post Keynesian Public Choice Social Credit Stockholm Supply-side economics

Related	Economics Heterodox economics History of economic thought History of macroeconomic thought

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Playlist

Film Summary

Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

Applied mathematics

Related Topics

Chanakya, Tapi Filmography

Raj, Chanakya Filmography

Chanakya

Cast

Famous quotes by Chanakya:

"One whose knowledge is confined to books and whose wealth is in the possession of others, can use neither his knowledge nor wealth when the need for them arises."

"Let not a single day pass without your learning a verse, half a verse, or a fourth of it, or even one letter of it; nor without attending to charity, study and other pious activity."

"Purity of speech, of the mind, of the senses, and the of a compassionate heart are needed by one who desires to rise to the divine platform."

"Do not keep company with a fool for as we can see he is a two-legged beast. Like an unseen thorn he pierces the heart with his sharp words."

"He who lives in our mind is near though he may actually be far away; but he who is not in our heart is far though he may really be nearby."

"Before you start some work, always ask yourself three questions - Why am I doing it, What the results might be and Will I be successful. Only when you think deeply and find satisfactory answers to these questions, go ahead."

"The happiness and peace attained by those satisfied by the nectar of spiritual tranquillity is not attained by greedy persons restlessly moving here and there."

"The serpent, the king, the tiger, the stinging wasp, the small child, the dog owned by other people, and the fool: these seven ought not to be awakened from sleep."

"A person should not be too honest. Straight trees are cut first and honest people are screwed first."

"Do not be very upright in your dealings for you would see by going to the forest that straight trees are cut down while crooked ones are left standing."

Make changes yourself !

Make changes yourself !

Make changes yourself !

Make changes yourself !

Make changes yourself !

Contents

Related pages: