- published: 13 Apr 2009
- views: 359837
- author: cendrillon325
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- 70 mm film
- Aasif Mandvi
- Academy Award
- Academy Awards
- Agnes de Mille
- Alfred Drake
- Alfred Molina
- All Er Nuthin'
- Allegro (musical)
- Amanda Harrison
- American Express
- Andrea Martin
- Arena Stage
- Audio commentary
- Babes in Arms
- Bali Ha'i
- Ballet
- Bambi Linn
- Barbara Cook
- Barry Kelley
- Ben Brantley
- Betty Garde
- Bob Dylan
- Book musical
- Box social
- Broadway theatre
- Brooks Atkinson
- Bruce Adler
- Burlesque
- Burns Mantle
- Burton Rascoe
- Cameron Mackintosh
- Candide (operetta)
- Carousel (film)
- Carousel (musical)
- Cast album
- Celeste Holm
- Censorship
- Charlotte Greenwood
- Chicago (musical)
- Christine Andreas
- Christine Ebersole
- Cinderella (musical)
- CinemaScope
- Claremore, Oklahoma
- Climb Ev'ry Mountain
- Curtains (musical)
- Dave (film)
- David Hersey
- Decca Records
- Do-Re-Mi
- Drama Desk
- Drama Desk Award
- Drama Desk Awards
- Dream ballet
- Dream Sequence
- Duke Ellington
- Eddie Albert
- Edelweiss (song)
- Edna Ferber
- Ethan Mordden
- Fawlty Towers
- Florence Henderson
- Flower Drum Song
- Folk song
- Fozzie Bear
- Fred Allen
- Fred Zinnemann
- Friends
- Gay Divorce
- Gemze de Lappe
- Gene Nelson
- George Gershwin
- Gilbert and Sullivan
- Gloria Grahame
- Gordon MacRae
- Gourmet Night
- Groucho Marx
- H.M.S. Pinafore
- Happy Talk (song)
- Harry Groener
- Harry Stockwell
- Helen Hayes Award
- Herbert Stothart
- Howard Da Silva
- Howard Keel
- Hugh Jackman
- I Cain't Say No
- If I Loved You
- James Whitmore
- Jamie Farr
- Jane Lawrence
- Japan
- Jerome Kern
- Jessica Boevers
- Joan Roberts
- John Raitt
- Jonathan Tunick
- Josefina Gabrielle
- Julian Woolford
- Karaoke
- Katharine Sergava
- Lance Smith
- Laudanum
- Laurence Guittard
- Lee Dixon (actor)
- Leila Benn Harris
- Lonely Room
- Lorenz Hart
- Los Angeles
- Louise Plowright
- Lucy Durack
- Lynn Riggs
- Many a New Day
- Marc Platt (dancer)
- Margaret Hamilton
- Maria (1959 song)
- Marti Webb
- Martin Vidnovic
- Mary Wickes
- Maureen Lipman
- Me and Juliet
- Mike Todd
- Milton Babbitt
- Motif (music)
- Musical theater
- Muswell Hillbillies
- Nelson Eddy
- New Haven
- New York City Center
- New York Daily News
- New York Post
- No Way to Stop It
- Number (music)
- Oklahoma
- Oklahoma (song)
- Oklahoma Territory
- Oklahoma!
- Oklahoma! (song)
- Olivier Award
- Olivier Awards
- Olivier Theatre
- On Your Toes
- Opéra bouffe
- Oscar Hammerstein II
- Pal Joey (musical)
- Pamela Britton
- Patrick Wilson
- Patty Duke
- Persia
- Peter Polycarpou
- Pipe Dream (musical)
- PM (newspaper)
- Pore Jud is Daid
- Pore Jud Is Daid
- Princess Theatre
- Public Television
- Pulitzer Prize
- Ray Bradbury
- Ray Charles
- Revival (theatre)
- Richard Rodgers
- RMS Queen Elizabeth
- Rod Steiger
- Rodgers and Hart
- Roger Sessions
- Rose-Marie
- Rouben Mamoulian
- Rudolf Friml
- Samurai
- Sardi's
- Scott Joplin
- Sesame Street
- She Loves Me
- Shelley Winters
- Shirley Jones
- Shirley Temple
- Show Boat
- Shuler Hensley
- Smelling salts
- So Far (song)
- Soliloquy (song)
- South Pacific (film)
- Southampton
- Special Tony Award
- Square dance
- St. James Theatre
- State Fair (musical)
- State song
- Sunset Boulevard
- Surrey (carriage)
- Susan Stroman
- Takarazuka Revue
- That's for Me
- The Broadway Theatre
- The Daily Telegraph
- The Desert Song
- The Garrick Gaieties
- The Guardian
- The King and I
- The Kinks
- The Lonely Goatherd
- The Muppet Show
- The New Moon
- The New York Sun
- The New York Times
- The Simpsons
- The Sound of Music
- The Stage
- The Times
- The Who's Tommy
- Theatre Guild
- Theatre World Award
- Thelonious Monk
- Theresa Helburn
- Time (magazine)
- Todd-AO
- Tony Award
- Tony Awards
- Trevor Nunn
- Tulsa
- Tulsa, Oklahoma
- Twister (1996 film)
- UK Tour
- Uncle Fucka
- Vincent Youmans
- Vladimir Kostenko
- Ward Morehouse
- We Kiss in a Shadow
- West End theatre
- Widescreen
- William David Brohn
- William Schuman
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Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 professional theatres with 500 or more seats located in the Theatre District centered along Broadway, and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan in New York City. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
The Broadway theatre district is a popular tourist attraction in New York. According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately $1.081 billion worth of tickets in calendar year 2011, compared with $1.037 billion for 2010. Attendance in 2011 was 12.13 million.
New York did not have a significant theatre presence until about 1750, when actor-managers Walter Murray and Thomas Kean established a resident theatre company at the Theatre on Nassau Street, which held about 280 people. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggar's Opera. In 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist. The company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the year the 2,000-seat Park Theatre was built on Chatham Street (now called Park Row). The Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, and especially so with the arrival of the Virginia Minstrels in the 1840s.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Oklahoma
Oklahoma (
i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/) (Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa , Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh ) is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people", and it is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State. Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.
A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly 60 percent of Oklahomans living in their metropolitan statistical areas.
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Oklahoma Territory
Coordinates: 35°24′N 97°00′W / 35.4°N 97°W / 35.4; -97
The Territory of Oklahoma was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 2, 1890, until November 16, 1907, when it was joined with the Indian Territory under a new constitution and admitted to the Union as the State of Oklahoma.
Oklahoma Territory's history began with the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834 when the United States Congress set aside land for Native Americans. At the time, the land was unorganized territory that consisted of all the federal land "west of the Mississippi and not within the states of Missouri and Louisiana, or the territory of Arkansas..." By 1856, the territory had been reduced to the modern-day borders of the State of Oklahoma. These lands quickly became known as Indian Territory, as they had been granted to certain Indian nations under the Indian Removal Act, in exchange for their historic territories east of the Mississippi River.
Until this point, Native Americans had exclusively used the land. In 1866, after the American Civil War, the federal government required new treaties with the tribes that had supported the Confederacy, and forced them into land and other concessions. As a result of the Reconstruction Treaties, The Five Civilized Tribes were required to emancipate their slaves and offer them full citizenship in the tribes if they wanted to stay in the Nations. This forced many of the tribes in Indian Territory into making concessions. The US officials forced the cession of some 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2) of land in the center of the Indian Nation Territory.
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Southampton
Southamptoni/saʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of London and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, and the city itself has an estimated population of 239,700 Southampton combines with Portsmouth to form a single metropolitan area; with a population of over a million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.
Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, Southampton Airport, the Ford Transit factory, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more recently a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.
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Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Boulevard is a street in the western part of Los Angeles County, California, that stretches from Figueroa Street in downtown Los Angeles to the Pacific Coast Highway at the Pacific Ocean in the Pacific Palisades. The street is an icon of Hollywood celebrity culture and the phrase "Sunset Boulevard" is an enduring shorthand for the glamor associated with Hollywood.
Approximately 24 miles (39 km) in length, the famous boulevard roughly mimics the arc of the mountains that form the northern boundary of the Los Angeles Basin. From downtown Los Angeles, it heads northwest, to Hollywood, through which it travels due west for several miles before it bends southwest, on course to the Pacific. It passes through or near Echo Park, Silver Lake, Los Feliz, the aforementioned Hollywood, West Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Holmby Hills, Bel-Air, Brentwood, and Pacific Palisades. Other than West Hollywood and Beverly Hills, which are independent incorporated cities, the places named above are all districts and neighborhoods in the City of Los Angeles. In the Bel-Air district of Los Angeles, Sunset Boulevard runs along the northern boundary of the UCLA Westwood campus, and it also serves as the postal divider between north and south west of Beverly Hills.
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Takarazuka Revue
The Takarazuka Revue (宝塚歌劇団 Takarazuka Kagekidan) is a Japanese all-female musical theater troupe based in Takarazuka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Women play all roles in lavish, Broadway-style productions of Western-style musicals, and sometimes stories adapted from shōjo manga and Japanese folktales. The troupe takes its name from the Hankyu Takarazuka rail line in suburban Osaka. The company is a division of the Hankyu Railway company; all members of the troupe are employed by the company.
The Takarazuka Revue was founded by Ichizo Kobayashi, an industrialist-turned-politician and president of Hankyu Railways, in Takarazuka, Japan in 1913. The city was the terminus of a Hankyu line from Osaka and already a popular tourist destination because of its hot springs. Kobayashi believed that it was the ideal spot to open an attraction of some kind that would boost train ticket sales and draw more business to Takarazuka. Since Western song and dance shows were becoming more popular and Kobayashi considered the Kabuki theater to be old and elitist, he decided that an all-female theater group might be well received by the general public.
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The Broadway Theatre
Coordinates: 40°45′49″N 73°59′01″W / 40.763481°N 73.983492°W / 40.763481; -73.983492
The Broadway Theatre (formerly Universal's Colony Theatre, B.S. Moss' Broadway Theatre, Earl Carroll's Broadway Theatre, and Ciné Romais) is a Broadway theatre located in midtown-Manhattan. It has a large seating capacity of 1,761, and unlike most Broadway theaters, it is literally located on Broadway, at number 1681.
Designed by architect Eugene De Rosa for Benjamin S. Moss, it opened as B.S. Moss's Colony Theatre on Christmas Day 1924 as a venue for vaudeville shows and motion pictures. The theater has operated in many capacities and under many names. It was renamed Universal's Colony Theatre, B.S. Moss' Broadway Theatre, and Earl Carroll's Broadway Theatre before becoming a legitimate theater house simply called Broadway Theatre on December 8, 1930. In 1937, known as Ciné Roma, it showed Italian films. For a short time during the 1950s it showed Cinerama films.
On November 18, 1928 the first Mickey Mouse cartoon released to the public, Steamboat Willie, debuted at the Colony. Producer Walt Disney returned on November 13, 1940 to debut the feature film Fantasia in Fantasound, an early stereo system.[citation needed]
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West End theatre
West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London's 'Theatreland', the West End. Along with New York's Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London.
Total attendances first surpassed 12 million in 2002 and 13 million in 2007, setting a new record for the West End. Since the late 1990s there has been an increase in the number of famous screen actors on the London stage.
The Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation. The first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain. Both are known to have been used by William Shakespeare's company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark, where it was used in building the Globe Theatre in a new theatre district formed, beyond the controls of the City corporation. These theatres were closed in 1642 during the interregnum.
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Aasif Mandvi
Aasif Hakim Mandviwala (born March 5, 1966), known professionally as Aasif Mandvi (English pronunciation: /ˈɑːsɨf ˈmɑːndviː/), is an Indian-American actor and comedian. He began appearing as an occasional contributing correspondent on The Daily Show on August 9, 2006. On March 12, 2007, he was promoted to a regular correspondent.
Mandvi was born in Bombay (now Mumbai), India, to a Muslim family. His family moved to Bradford, England, when he was one year old. He emigrated with his family to Tampa, Florida, USA, when he was 16. After graduating from the University of South Florida with a degree in Theatre, Mandvi worked as a performer at Disney-MGM Studios at Walt Disney World Resort. He later moved to New York City where he began appearing in off-Broadway productions. During this time he also was active in the band Cowboys and Indian. He won an Obie Award for his critically acclaimed one-man show Sakina's Restaurant.
On Broadway, Mandvi appeared as Ali Hakim in the 2002 revival of Oklahoma! directed by Trevor Nunn. He also appeared in the play Homebody/Kabul by Tony Kushner. He portrayed Fritz Haber in the off-Broadway play Einstein's Gift.
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Agnes de Mille
Agnes George de Mille (September 18, 1905 – October 7, 1993) was an American dancer and choreographer.
Agnes de Mille was born in New York City into a well-connected family of theater professionals. Her father William C. deMille and her uncle Cecil B. DeMille were both Hollywood directors. She was the granddaughter of economist Henry George.
She had a love for acting and originally wanted to be an actress, but was told that she was 'not pretty enough', so she turned her attention to dance. As a child, she had longed to dance, but dance at this time was considered more of an activity, rather than a viable career option, so her parents refused to allow her to dance. When de Mille's younger sister was prescribed ballet classes to cure her flat feet, de Mille joined her. De Mille lacked flexibility and technique, though, and did not have a dancer's body. Classical ballet was the most widely known dance form at this time, and de Mille's apparent lack of ability limited her opportunities. She taught herself from watching film stars on the set with her father in Hollywood; these were more interesting for her to watch than perfectly turned out legs, and she developed strong character work and compelling performances. One of de Mille’s earliest jobs, thanks to her father’s connections, was choreographing the film Cleopatra in 1934, though the dances were later cut from the film. She appeared in The Ragamuffin in 1916, which was her first job.
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Alfred Drake
Alfred Drake (October 7, 1914 - July 25, 1992) was an American actor and singer.
Born as Alfred Capurro in New York City, the son of parents emigrated from Recco, Genoa, Drake began his Broadway career while still a student at Brooklyn College. He is best known for his leading roles in the original Broadway productions of Oklahoma!; Kiss Me, Kate; Kismet; and for playing Marshall Blackstone in the original production of Babes in Arms, (in which he sang the title song) and Hajj in Kismet, for which he received the Tony Award. He was also a prolific Shakespearean, notably starring as Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing opposite Katharine Hepburn.
Drake was mostly a stage and television star; he starred in only one film, Tars and Spars, but played several roles on television. His first musical television appearance was as Captain Dick Warrington in the January 15, 1955 live telecast of the operetta "Naughty Marietta". His 1964 stage performance as Claudius in the Richard Burton Hamlet was filmed live on the stage of the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, using a "quickie" process called Electronovision, and shown in movie theatres in a very limited engagement. It was also recorded on LP. He played the President of the Stock Exchange in the 1983 Eddie Murphy-Dan Aykroyd film, Trading Places. His final stage appearance in a musical was in 1973 as Honore LaChaisse in Lerner and Loewe's Gigi. Two years later he starred in a revival of The Skin of Our Teeth.
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Alfred Molina
Alfred Molina (born Alfredo Molina; 24 May 1953) is an English actor. He is well known for his roles in Raiders of the Lost Ark, Prick Up Your Ears, The Man Who Knew Too Little, Spider-Man 2, Maverick, Species, Not Without My Daughter, Chocolat, Frida, Steamboy, The Hoax, Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time, The Da Vinci Code, Little Traitor, An Education and The Sorcerer's Apprentice.
He has recently starred as Detective Ricardo Morales on the NBC police/courtroom drama Law & Order: LA and as Roger opposite Dawn French in the BBC television sitcom Roger & Val Have Just Got In.
Molina was born in Paddington, London; known to his friends as "Pepo". His mother, Giovanna (née Bonelli), was an Italian house-keeper who cleaned rooms in a hotel and worked as a cook. His father, Esteban Molina, was a Spanish immigrant from Madrid who worked as a waiter and chauffeur. Molina grew up in a working class district in Notting Hill that was inhabited by many other immigrant families. He decided to become an actor after seeing Spartacus at the age of nine, and attended the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.
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Amanda Harrison
Amanda Harrison is an Australian musical theatre performer who will be originating the role of Paula in the World Premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman in Sydney 2012.
Harrison grew up in Bangor and attended Menai High School in Sydney's Sutherland Shire. Harrison attended short courses at The Actors Centre and started the Musical Theatre BA at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA) in 1997, but left after only 6 weeks to take the role of Betty Schaefer in the Original Australian Production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Sunset Boulevard.
Harrison made her professional debut playing Jenny in Aspects of Love. Other theatrical credits include Sunset Boulevard, Les Misérables, The Journey Girl, and as Liza Minnelli in The Boy from Oz with Todd McKenney. For The Production Company, she has appeared in Mame, She Loves Me, Guys and Dolls, and a Green Room nominated performance of Ado Annie in Oklahoma!
In 2001 Harrison moved to London and made her debut in the West End as Ali in Mamma Mia! She was also an Original London Cast member of We Will Rock You understudying the roles of Scaramouche and Meatloaf (Oz).
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Andrea Martin
Andrea Louise Martin (born January 15, 1947) is an American and Canadian actress and comedienne. She has appeared in films such as My Big Fat Greek Wedding, on stage in productions such as My Favorite Year, Fiddler on the Roof and Candide, and in the television series, SCTV.
Martin, the oldest of three children, was born in Portland, Maine, in 1947, the daughter of Sybil A. (née Manoogian) and John Papazian Martin. Her paternal grandparents were Armenian immigrants who moved to the U.S. from Turkey to escape the Armenian Genocide. Her father owned Martin's Foods, a grocery store chain. Her maternal grandparents were Armenians from Yerevan and Istanbul.
She has two sons, Jack (born ca. 1980) and Joe (born 1983), with ex-husband Bob Dolman, a screenwriter. Through this marriage, she was the sister-in-law of Dolman's sister, actress Nancy, and her husband Martin Short.
Soon after graduating from Emerson College, she won a role in a touring company of You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown. After frequent visits to Toronto, she relocated from New York City to Toronto in 1970 and immediately found steady theater work.
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Bambi Linn
Bambi Linn (born Bambina Linnemeier on April 26, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American dancer, choreographer, and actress.
Linn trained extensively with noted choreographer Agnes de Mille. At the age of seventeen, she made her Broadway debut in the original production of Oklahoma! (1943). De Mille used her again as Louise in Carousel (1945), for which she earned a Theatre World Award. Linn repeated the role in the 1957 revival at City Center. Her other Broadway credits include the title role in Alice in Wonderland (1947) and Blanche in I Can Get It for You Wholesale (1962). Linn, who was also a guest soloist with American Ballet Theatre, continued making occasional stage appearances until the early 1980s.
In the 1950s, Linn was best known as half of a ballroom dance team with her first husband, Rod Alexander. The two made frequent appearances on TV's Your Show of Shows, The Colgate Comedy Hour, Toast of the Town, and Max Liebman Presents, among others. Linn made only one film appearance: as the fantasy Laurey in the extended "Dream Ballet" sequence in Oklahoma! (1955). She and Alexander created a similar dream ballet for the live 1955 broadcast of The Desert Song.
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Barbara Cook
Barbara Cook (born October 25, 1927) is an American singer and actress who first came to prominence in the 1950s after starring in the original Broadway musicals Candide (1956) and The Music Man (1957) among others, winning a Tony Award for the latter. She continued performing mostly in theatre until the mid 1970s, when she began a second career that continues to this day as a cabaret and concert singer. She has also made numerous recordings.
During her years as Broadway’s leading ingénue Cook was lauded for her excellent lyric soprano voice. She was particularly admired for her vocal agility, wide range, warm sound, and emotive interpretations. As she has aged her voice has taken on a darker quality, even in her head voice, that was less prominent in her youth. Today Cook is widely recognized as one of the "premier interpreters" of musical theatre songs and standards, in particular the songs of composer Stephen Sondheim. Her subtle and sensitive interpretations of American popular song continue to earn high praise even into her eighties. She was named an honoree at the 2011 Kennedy Center Honors.
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Barry Kelley
Barry Kelley (August 19, 1908 – June 5, 1991) was an actor on Broadway in the 1930s and '40s and in movies during the 1940s, '50s, and '60s. The heavy-set actor created the role of Ike in Oklahoma! on Broadway.
In films, he often portrayed cops or judges in films, including Boomerang (his first film in 1947), Knock on Any Door and The Asphalt Jungle. The 6'4", 230-pound Chicago-born actor began acting on the stage in the 1930s. Kelley also appeared in dozens of television programs. As in the movies, he usually was in westerns or crime shows. Kelley had an uncredited role as a police chief in the 1964 Frank Sinatra musical Robin and the Seven Hoods.
He died at 82 years of age in Woodland Hills, California.
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Ben Brantley
Benjamin D. "Ben" Brantley (born October 26, 1954) is an American journalist and the chief theater critic of The New York Times.
Born in Durham, North Carolina, Brantley received a Bachelor of Arts in English from Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania and is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.
Brantley began his journalism career as a Summer Intern at the Winston-Salem Sentinel and, in 1975, became an Editorial Assistant at The Village Voice. At Women's Wear Daily, he was a reporter and then editor (1978-January 1983), and later became the European Editor, publisher, and Paris Bureau Chief until June 1985.
For the next eighteen months, Brantley freelanced, writing regularly for ELLE, Vanity Fair, and The New Yorker before joining The Times as a Drama Critic (August 1993). He was elevated to Chief Theater Critic three years later.
Brantley is the editor of The New York Times Book of Broadway: On the Aisle for the Unforgettable Plays of the Last Century, a compilation of 125 reviews published by St. Martin's Press in 2001. He received the George Jean Nathan Award for Dramatic Criticism for 1996-1997.
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Betty Garde
Katharine Elizabeth "Betty" Garde (September 19, 1905 – December 25, 1989) was an American stage, radio, film, and television actress. She played Aunt Eller in the original Broadway production of Oklahoma!, but her long acting career also included film, radio, and television.
The 5'10" Garde had a major role in the 1950 movie Caged as a murderous prison inmate. She also appeared in Call Northside 777 (1948) and Cry of the City (1948). Her television credits include appearances on The Honeymooners (in an hilarious turn as the Kramdens' maid, Thelma) and two episodes of The Twilight Zone, including the famous "Midnight Sun" episode opposite Lois Nettleton.
Betty Garde died at the age of 84 in a hospital in Sherman Oaks, California. No cause was given and there were no immediate survivors.
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Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan ( /ˈdɪlən/), born Robert Allen Zimmerman on May 24, 1941, is an American singer-songwriter, musician and artist. He has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was an informal chronicler and a seemingly reluctant figurehead of social unrest. A number of Dylan's early songs, such as "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times They Are a-Changin'", became anthems for the US civil rights and anti-war movements. Leaving his initial base in the culture of folk music behind, Dylan's six-minute single "Like a Rolling Stone" has been described as radically altering the parameters of popular music in 1965. However, his recordings employing electric instruments attracted denunciation and criticism from others in the folk movement.
Dylan's lyrics incorporated a variety of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed hugely to the then burgeoning counterculture. Initially inspired by the songs of Woody Guthrie,Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, as well as the music and performance styles of Buddy Holly and Little Richard, Dylan has both amplified and personalized musical genres. His recording career, spanning fifty years, has explored numerous distinct traditions in American song—from folk, blues and country to gospel, rock and roll, and rockabilly to English, Scottish, and Irish folk music, embracing even jazz and swing.
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Brooks Atkinson
Justin Brooks Atkinson (November 28, 1894 – January 14, 1984) was an American theatre critic. He worked for The New York Times from 1925 to 1960. In his obituary, the Times called him "the most important reviewer of his time."
Atkinson was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, where, as a boy, he printed his own newspaper (using movable type), and planned a career in journalism. He graduated from Harvard University in 1917, and worked at The Springfield Daily News and the Boston Evening Transcript, where he was assistant to the drama critic. In 1922, he became the editor of the New York Times Book Review, and in 1925 the drama critic.
Atkinson quickly became known for his commitment to new kinds of theatre—he was one of the first critical admirers of Eugene O'Neill—for his interest in all kinds of drama, including off-Broadway productions, and for his wit. In 1928, he said of the new play The Front Page, "No one who has ground his heels in the grime of a police headquarters press room will complain that this argot misrepresents the gentlemen of the press." Atkinson had covered the police beat for the Evening Transcript.
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Bruce Adler
Bruce Adler (November 27, 1944 – July 25, 2008) was an American Broadway actor. After debuting on the Broadway stage in the 1979 revival of Oklahoma!, he went on to a career that saw him nominated for Tony Awards as Best Featured Actor in a Musical for Those Were the Days (1991) and Crazy for You (1992). His film work was limited to voice work in animated films, notably providing the singing voice for the narrator of the 1992 Disney film Aladdin and 1996 film Aladdin and the King of Thieves.
Born in New York City, Adler's parents, Henrietta Jacobson and Julius Adler, and his two maternal uncles, Irving and Hymie Jacobson were well-established popular stars of the Yiddish theatre, at the time in its heyday on New York's Lower East Side. Adler made his stage debut at an early age, appearing with his parents. The three Adlers played the London Palladium with Sophie Tucker in the 1950s. He continued to appear in Yiddish theatre throughout his teens, also appearing in mainstream American theatre as his parents made a similar "crossover," most notably appearing in productions of Neil Simon's Come Blow Your Horn.
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Burns Mantle
Robert Burns Mantle (December 23, 1873 – February 9, 1948) was an American theatre critic. He founded the Best Plays annual publication in 1920.
Mantle was born in Watertown, New York, to Robert Burns and Susan Lawrence Mantle. As a child he moved to Denver, Colorado.
By 1892, he was working as a linotype machine operator in California and then became a reporter.
By the late 1890s, Mantle was working as a drama critic for the Denver Times. He later moved to Chicago, Illinois, and then New York City, New York, in 1911. He was at the New York Evening Mail until 1922, and then the Daily News until his retirement in 1943. Mantle was succeeded as the drama critic at the Daily News by his assistant John Arthur Chapman.
He died, age 74, of stomach cancer.
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Burton Rascoe
Arthur Burton Rascoe (October 22, 1892 - March 19, 1957), was an American journalist, editor and literary critic of the New York Herald Tribune.
Born in Fulton, Kentucky to Matthew L. Rascoe and Elizabeth Burton Rascoe, Rascoe grew up in Shawnee, Oklahoma. He was class president at Shawnee High School and participated in sports while also working for the local newspaper. Feeling confined to the small town and his increasing more open-minded views he left school before graduation and moved to Chicago. From 1911 until 1913, he attended the University of Chicago where he joined Sigma Nu. While still a student, he started writing for the Chicago Tribune, where he continued working until 1920.
In 1922, he became literary editor of the New York Tribune. He continued in that position until a merger turned the paper into the New York Herald Tribune in 1924. The writing and editorial staff he assembled included writers who became well-respected: Isabel Paterson and Will Cuppy.
Rascoe continued to hold high-profile editorial jobs in the field of literary criticism and to write books of his own about literature and authors. His best-known work, Titans of Literature, appeared in 1932. He also authored "Before I Forget", an autobiography of sorts revealing much of his upbringing in Oklahoma. The book gives a good insight to life for a young man during the early days of the 20th century. Other works include "Theodore Dreiser" (1925), "A Bookman's Daybook" (1929), "The Joys of Reading: Life's Greatest Pleasure" (1937) and "Belle Starr, The Bandit Queen."
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Cameron Mackintosh
Sir Cameron Anthony Mackintosh (born 17 October 1946) is a British theatrical producer notable for his association with many commercially successful musicals. At the height of his success in 1990, he was described as being "the most successful, influential and powerful theatrical producer in the world" by the New York Times. He is the producer of shows such as Les Misérables, The Phantom of the Opera, Mary Poppins, Martin Guerre, Miss Saigon and Cats.
Mackintosh was born in Enfield, London, the son of Diana Gladys (née Tonna), a production secretary, and Ian Robert Mackintosh, a timber merchant and jazz trumpeter. His father was Scottish and his mother, a native of Malta, was of Maltese and French descent. Mackintosh was raised in his mother's Roman Catholic faith[citation needed] and educated at Prior Park College in Bath.
He first knew that he wanted to become a theatre producer after his aunt took him to a matinee of the Julian Slade musical Salad Days when he was 8 years old.
Mackintosh began his theatre career in his late teens, as a stagehand at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, graduating to stage manager on several touring productions. Before long, he began producing his own small scale tours before becoming a London-based producer in the 1970s. His early London productions included Anything Goes (which closed after only two weeks), Side By Side By Sondheim, The Card, My Fair Lady and Tom Foolery.
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Celeste Holm
Celeste Holm (born April 29, 1917) is an American stage, film, and television actress, known for her Academy Award-winning performance in Gentleman's Agreement (1947), as well as for her Oscar-nominated performances in Come to the Stable (1949) and All About Eve (1950). In 2011, despite health ailments, she completed filming the comedy feature film, College Debts, directed by Dexter Warr and Joshua Zilm.
Born and raised in New York City, Holm grew up as an only child. Her mother, Jean Parke, was an American portrait artist and author; her father, Theodor Holm, was a Norwegian businessman whose company provided marine adjustment services for Lloyd's of London. Because of her parents' occupations, she traveled often during her youth and attended various schools in Holland, France and the United States. She graduated from University High School for Girls in Chicago, where she performed in many school stage productions. She then studied drama at the University of Chicago before becoming a stage actress in the late 1930s.
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Charlotte Greenwood
Frances Charlotte Greenwood (25 June 1890 - 28 December 1977) was an American actress and dancer. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Greenwood started in vaudeville, and eventually starred on Broadway, movies and radio. Standing around six feet tall, she was best known for her long legs and high kicks. She earned the unique praise of being, in her words, the "...only woman in the world who could kick a giraffe in the eye."
In 1913, Oliver Morosco cast her as Queen Ann Soforth of Oogaboo late in the run of L. Frank Baum and Louis F. Gottschalk's The Tik-Tok Man of Oz (better known in its novelization as Tik-Tok of Oz), then commissioned a successful star vehicle titled So Long Letty, which is the role that made her a star.
She starred with such luminaries as Charles Ruggles, Betty Grable, Jimmy Durante, Eddie Cantor, Buster Keaton, and Carmen Miranda. Most of Greenwood's best work was done on the stage, and was lauded by such critics as James Agate, Alexander Woollcott and Claudia Cassidy. One of her most successful roles was that of Juno in Cole Porter's Out of This World in which she introduced the Porter classic "I Sleep Easier Now."
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Christine Andreas
Christine Andreas is an American broadway actress and singer.
Andreas was born in Camden, New Jersey. She made her Broadway debut in a 1975 revival of Angel Street. The following year she was cast as Eliza Doolittle in the 20th Anniversary production of My Fair Lady, for which she received the Theatre World Award. Additional theatre credits include Oklahoma! (Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical), On Your Toes (Tony nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Musical), The Scarlet Pimpernel, Words & Music with Sammy Cahn, Rags, Pal Joey, and Legs Diamond. Also starred in the Broadway bound and derailed Erte production of Stardust.
She spent 2007 touring the US as Margaret Johnson in The Light in the Piazza. In 2010, she portrayed the role of Jacqueline in the new Broadway production of La Cage Aux Folles, which opened April 18, 2010. The show was a transfer from London's West End and has won the 2009 Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival. Also won three 2010 Tony Awards (Best Revival of a Musical, Best Leading Actor in a Musical and Best Direction of a Musical).
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Christine Ebersole
Christine Ebersole (born February 21, 1953) is an American actress and singer.
Ebersole was born in Winnetka, Illinois, where she attended New Trier High School. She attended MacMurray College in Jacksonville, Illinoisand the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
She met Marc Shaiman when he was 19 and the musical director of her first club act. She appeared in Ryan's Hope in 1977 and 1980, and was part of the cast of Saturday Night Live in the 1981-1982 season,acting as Weekend Update co-anchor with Brian Doyle-Murray and at times impersonating Mary Travers, Cheryl Tiegs, Barbara Mandrell, Diana, Princess of Wales, and Rona Barrett. Following SNL, she appeared in One Life to Live and Valerie. She costarred with Barnard Hughes on the sitcom The Cavanaughs, played the title role in the short-lived television series Rachel Gunn, R.N. and has guest-starred on Will & Grace, The Nanny, Dolly!, Just Shoot Me, Murphy Brown, Ally McBeal, Samantha Who, Boston Legal, The Colbert Report, and Royal Pains, among others. She also appeared in the 1993 television movie adaptation of Gypsy starring Bette Midler. Ebersole also appeared in the 2000 ABC-TV movie Mary and Rhoda starring Mary Tyler Moore and Valerie Harper.
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David Hersey
David Hersey (born November 30, 1939) is a lighting designer who has designed the lighting for over 250 plays, musicals, operas, and ballets. His work has been seen in most corners of the globe and his many awards include the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design for Evita, Cats, and Les Misérables, the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design for Cats, Miss Saigon, and Equus, and the 1996 Laurence Olivier Award for Lighting Design.
Hersey has been the lighting designer for many National Theatre, Royal Shakespeare Company and West End productions, as well as opera at the English National Opera (among others) and ballet at the Royal Ballet. He has been the lighting designer for many Broadway productions, starting with Evita in 1980 through Equus in 2008.
Hersey has also been active in the world of theme parks in Florida and Italy, as well as lighting extravaganzas at The Mirage, Treasure Island Hotel and Casino, and Bellagio hotels in Las Vegas. He is the founder of DHA Design, which concentrates on the design of specialist lighting. For ten years he was lighting consultant to the Royal National Theatre and is a past chairman of the Association of Lighting Designers.
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Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and big-band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions. In the opinion of Bob Blumenthal of The Boston Globe "In the century since his birth, there has been no greater composer, American or otherwise, than Edward Kennedy Ellington." A major figure in the history of jazz, Ellington's music stretched into various other genres, including blues, gospel, film scores, popular, and classical. His career spanned more than 50 years and included leading his orchestra, composing an inexhaustible songbook, scoring for movies, composing stage musicals, and world tours. Several of his instrumental works were adapted into songs that became standards. Due to his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, and thanks to his eloquence and extraordinary charisma, he is generally considered to have elevated the perception of jazz to an art form on a par with other traditional genres of music. His reputation increased after his death and the Pulitzer Prize Board bestowed on him a special posthumous honor in 1999.
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Eddie Albert
Edward Albert Heimberger (April 22, 1906 – May 26, 2005), known professionally as Eddie Albert, was an American actor and activist. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1954 for his performance in Roman Holiday, and in 1973 for The Heartbreak Kid.
Other well-known screen roles of his include Bing Edwards in the Brother Rat films, traveling salesman Ali Hakim in the musical Oklahoma!, and the corrupt prison warden in 1974's The Longest Yard. He starred as Oliver Wendell Douglas in the 1960s television situation comedy Green Acres and as Frank MacBride in the 1970s crime drama Switch. He also had a recurring role as Carlton Travis on Falcon Crest, opposite Jane Wyman.
Edward Albert Heimberger was born in Rock Island, Illinois, the oldest of the five children of Frank Daniel Heimberger (1874–1970), a realtor, and his wife Julia (née Jones). His year of birth is often given as 1908, but this is incorrect. His parents were unmarried when Albert was born and his mother altered his birth certificate after her marriage.
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Edna Ferber
Edna Ferber (August 15, 1885 – April 16, 1968) was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels were especially popular and included the Pulitzer Prize-winning So Big (1924), Show Boat (1926; made into the celebrated 1927 musical), and Giant (1952; made into the 1956 Hollywood movie).
Ferber was born August 15, 1885, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to a Hungarian-born Jewish storekeeper and his Milwaukee, Wisconsin-born wife, Jacob Charles and Julia (Neumann) Ferber. After living in Chicago, Illinois, and Ottumwa, Iowa, at the age of 12 Ferber and her family moved to Appleton, Wisconsin, where she graduated from high school and briefly attended Lawrence University. She took newspaper jobs at the Appleton Daily Crescent and the Milwaukee Journal before publishing her first novel. She covered the 1920 Republican National Convention and 1920 Democratic National Convention for the United Press Association.
Ferber's novels generally featured strong female protagonists, along with a rich and diverse collection of supporting characters. She usually highlighted at least one strong secondary character who faced discrimination ethnically or for other reasons; through this technique, Ferber demonstrated her belief that people are people and that the not-so-pretty persons have the best character.
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Ethan Mordden
Ethan Mordden (born January 27, 1949, Pennsylvania) is an American author.
Mordden was raised in Pennsylvania, in Venice, Italy, and on Long Island, and is a graduate of Friends Academy in Locust Valley, New York, and the University of Pennsylvania. He at first sought a career in show business, working as music director on off-Broadway and in regional theatre, and enrolling in the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop run by Lehman Engel. As both composer and lyricist, Mordden wrote musicals based on William Shakespeare's Measure For Measure and on Max Beerbohm's Zuleika Dobson, but he ended up earning his living as a writer of English prose. In the 1970s, he was assistant editor to Dorothy Woolfolk on such DC Comics as The Dark Mansion of Forbidden Love.
His stories, novels, essays, and non-fiction books cover a wide range of topics including the American musical theater, opera, film, and, especially in his fiction, the emergence and development of contemporary American gay culture as manifested in New York City. He has also written for The New Yorker, including fiction, Critic At Large pieces on Cole Porter, Judy Garland, and the musical Show Boat, and reviews of a biography of the Barrymores and Art Spiegelman's graphic novel Maus.
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Florence Henderson
Florence Agnes Henderson (born February 14, 1934) is an American actress and singer. She is perhaps best known for her role of Carol Brady on the ABC sitcom The Brady Bunch from 1969 to 1974. She may also be known for being a contestant on Dancing with the Stars in 2010.
As of 2010, she hosts the American TV talk show The Florence Henderson Show.
Henderson, the youngest of ten children, was born in Dale, Indiana, a small town in the southwest region of the state. Henderson was a daughter of Elizabeth (née Elder), a homemaker, and Joseph Henderson, a tobacco sharecropper. Raised a Roman Catholic, she graduated from St. Francis Academy in Owensboro, Kentucky, in 1951; shortly thereafter, she went to New York City, enrolling in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. She is an Alumna Initiate of the Alpha Chi chapter of Delta Zeta Sorority.
Henderson started her career on the stage, performing in musicals, such as the touring production of Oklahoma! and South Pacific at Lincoln Center. She debuted on Broadway in the musical Wish You Were Here in 1952 and later starred on Broadway in the long-running 1954 musical, Fanny (888 performances) in which she originated the title role. Henderson also appeared on Broadway in The Girl Who Came to Supper (1963). In 1962, she won the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre, and the same year became the first woman to guest host The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. She also joined the ranks of what was then called "The Today Girl" on NBC's long running morning show, doing weather and light news, a position also once held by Barbara Walters.
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Fred Allen
Fred Allen (born John Florence Sullivan, May 31, 1894 – March 17, 1956) was an American comedian whose absurdist, topically pointed radio show (1932–1949) made him one of the most popular and forward-looking humorists in the so-called classic era of American radio.
His best-remembered gag was his long-running mock feud with friend and fellow comedian Jack Benny, but it was only part of his appeal; radio historian John Dunning (in On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio) wrote that Allen was radio's most admired comedian and most frequently censored. A master ad libber, Allen often tangled with his network's executives (and often barbed them on the air over the battles), while developing routines the style and substance of which influenced contemporaries and futures among comic talents, including Groucho Marx, Stan Freberg, Henry Morgan and Johnny Carson, but his fans also included President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and novelists William Faulkner, John Steinbeck and Herman Wouk (who began his career writing for Allen).
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Fred Zinnemann
Fred Zinnemann (29 April 1907 – 14 March 1997) was an Austrian-American film director. He won two Academy Awards for directing films (From Here to Eternity and A Man for All Seasons) in many genres, including thrillers, westerns, film noir, and play adaptations. Nineteen actors appearing in Zinnemann's films received Academy Award nominations for their performances: among that number are Frank Sinatra, Audrey Hepburn, Glynis Johns, Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Wendy Hiller, Jason Robards, Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Fonda, Gary Cooper and Maximilian Schell.
Zinnemann was born to a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria. While growing up in Austria, he wanted to become a musician, but went on to study law. While studying at the University of Vienna, he became drawn to films and eventually became a cameraman. He worked in Germany with several other beginners (Billy Wilder and Robert Siodmak also worked with him on the 1929 feature People on Sunday) before going to America to study film.
Zinnemann's penchant for realism and authenticity is evident in his first feature The Wave (1935), shot on location in Mexico with mostly non-professional actors recruited among the locals, which is one of the earliest examples of realism in narrative film. Earlier in the decade, in fact, Zinnemann had worked with documentarian Robert Flaherty, an association he considered "the most important event of my professional life".
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Gemze de Lappe
Gemze de Lappe (born February 28, 1922, Portsmouth, Virginia) is an American dancer who worked very closely with Agnes de Mille and was frequently partnered by de Mille's favorite male dancer, James Mitchell.
Originally trained by Irma Duncan and Michel Fokine, de Lappe began her career in Fokine's company. Her Broadway musical theatre performance credits include Simon of Legree in the original production of The King and I (also in the film version), Paint Your Wagon (Donaldson Award winner), Juno, and The American Dance Machine. She also appeared in the original West End and first national companies of Oklahoma!, dancing the iconic role of Laurey in the 'Dream Ballet'. In the early 1950s, she briefly formed part of a dance team with Dean Crane. De Lappe's long concert dance career included engagements with American Ballet Theatre and the Agnes de Mille Dance Theatre.
De Lappe remains active as a choreographer and teacher, but is especially well known for reconstructing the work of de Mille, Isadora Duncan, and Jerome Robbins. She recreated de Mille's choreography for the 1979 Broadway revival of Oklahoma! and choreographed Abe Lincoln in Illinois on Broadway. De Lappe regularly travels the country, recreating the original choreography for such shows as The King and I, Oklahoma!, Brigadoon, and Carousel for various professional, regional, and educational theatre companies. In Spring 2011, the University of North Carolina School of the Arts presented an accurate recreation of the original Broadway production of Oklahoma! De Lappe recreated the original choreography, two-time Tony Award nominated actor Terrence Mann directed, and John Mauceri, the school's chancellor and former director of the Hollywood Bowl orchestra and Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra.
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Gene Nelson
Gene Nelson (March 24, 1920 – September 16, 1996) was an American dancer, actor, screenwriter, and director.
Born Leander Eugene Berg in Astoria, Oregon, he moved to Seattle when he was one year old. He was inspired to become a dancer by watching Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers films when he was a child. After serving in the Army during World War II during which he also performed in the musical This Is the Army, Nelson landed his first Broadway role in Lend an Ear, for which he received the Theatre World Award. He also appeared on stage in Follies, which garnered him a Tony Award nomination, and Good News.
Gene Nelson played Will Parker in Oklahoma! (1955 film) and also starred as Buddy in the 1971 Broadway musical Follies, for which he received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor. The iconic production featured a score by Stephen Sondheim and was co-directed by Michael Bennett (also choreographer) and Harold Prince (also producer); the cast also included Alexis Smith, Yvonne de Carlo, Dorothy Collins, Ethel Barrymore Colt, Ethel Shutta, and John McMartin.
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George Gershwin
George Gershwin (September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist. Gershwin's compositions spanned both popular and classical genres, and his most popular melodies are widely known. Among his best known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris, as well as the opera Porgy and Bess.
Born in Brooklyn to a Ukrainian father of Jewish descent and a Russian mother, Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark and Henry Cowell. He began his career as a song plugger, but soon thereafter started composing Broadway theatre works with his brother Ira Gershwin and Buddy DeSylva. He moved to Paris in an attempt to study with Nadia Boulanger, where he began to compose An American in Paris. After returning to New York City, he wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and author DuBose Heyward. Initially a commercial failure, Porgy and Bess is now considered one of the most important American operas of the Twentieth Century. Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores until his death in 1937 from a brain tumor.
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Gloria Grahame
Gloria Grahame (November 28, 1923 – October 5, 1981) was an American Academy Award–winning actress.
Grahame began her acting career in theatre, and in 1944 she made her first film for MGM. Despite a featured role in It's a Wonderful Life (1946), MGM did not believe she had the potential for major success, and sold her contract to RKO Studios. Often cast in film noir projects, Grahame received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Crossfire (1947), and she won this award for her work in The Bad and the Beautiful (1952). She achieved her highest profile with Sudden Fear (1952), Human Desire (1953),The Big Heat (1953), and Oklahoma! (1955), but her film career began to wane soon afterwards.
She returned to work on the stage, but continued to appear in films and television productions, usually in supporting roles. Diagnosed with stomach cancer in 1980, Grahame refused to accept the diagnosis and travelled to England to work in a play, eventually settling in the Aigburth area of Liverpool. Her health rapidly failed and she returned to New York City, where she died in 1981.
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Gordon MacRae
Gordon MacRae (March 12, 1921 – January 24, 1986) was an American actor and singer, best known for his appearances in the film versions of two Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals, Oklahoma! (1955) and Carousel (1956) and films with Doris Day like Starlift.
Born Albert Gordon MacRae in East Orange, New Jersey, MacRae graduated from Deerfield Academy in 1940 and served as a navigator in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Prior to this, he attended Nottingham High School in Syracuse, NY.[citation needed]
He made his Broadway debut in the mid-1940s, acquiring his first recording contract soon afterwards. Many of his hit recordings were made with Jo Stafford. It was in 1948 that he appeared in his first film, The Big Punch, a drama about boxing. He soon began an on-screen partnership with Doris Day and appeared with her in several films.
In 1951, he starred with Doris Day in On Moonlight Bay, followed by the sequel By the Light of the Silvery Moon in 1953. That same year, he also starred opposite Kathryn Grayson in the third film version of The Desert Song. This was followed by leading roles in two major films of Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals, Oklahoma! (1955) and Carousel (1956), both films opposite Shirley Jones.
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Groucho Marx
Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx (October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977) was an American comedian and film and television star. He is known as a master of quick wit and widely considered one of the best comedians of the modern era. His rapid-fire, often impromptu delivery of innuendo-laden patter earned him many admirers and imitators. He made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third-born. He also had a successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and television game show You Bet Your Life. His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, glasses, cigar, and a thick greasepaint mustache and eyebrows. These exaggerated features resulted in the creation of one of the world's most ubiquitous and recognizable novelty disguises, known as "Groucho glasses", a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, large plastic nose, bushy eyebrows and mustache.
In a 1950 radio episode of You Bet Your Life, Groucho stated that he was born in a room above a butcher's shop on 78th Street in New York City.
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Harry Groener
Harry Groener (born September 10, 1951) is a German-born American actor and dancer, perhaps best known for playing Mayor Wilkins in Buffy the Vampire Slayer (seasons 3, 4 and 7).
Groener was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany to an opera singer mother and a father who worked as a concert pianist, office clerk, and composer. He emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of two. As a teenager, Groener was apprenticed at the San Francisco Ballet; he went on to study drama at the University of Washington.
Groener's reputation in New York City rests almost entirely on his work in musical theater, although the bulk of his roles outside New York have been in classical drama or contemporary plays like Eastern Standard. His Broadway credits include Is there life after high school?, Will Parker in Oklahoma! (Tony Award nomination, Theatre World Award), Munkustrap in Cats (Tony nomination), Georges/George in Sunday in the Park With George, and Bobby Child in Crazy for You (Tony, Drama Desk, and Outer Critics Circle Award nominations). In 1999 he performed off-Broadway with Twiggy at the Lucille Lortel Theater in If Love Were All, a musical revue based on the friendship of Noël Coward and Gertrude Lawrence. He has performed in regional theatres across the country, including the San Diego Old Globe Theatre (where he is an associate artist), Mark Taper Forum, Westwood Playhouse, South Coast Repertory, Pasadena Playhouse, Long Wharf Theater, A.C.T., and the Williamstown Theater Festival.Currently he has a role as "Clint" in How I Met Your Mother, he is Ted's stepdad.
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Harry Stockwell
Harry Stockwell (April 27, 1902 – July 19, 1984) was an American actor and singer. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri, United States.
Stockwell made his film debut in the 1935 film, Strike Up the Band. However, his claim to fame came in 1935, when he provided the voice of "The Prince" in Walt Disney's animated classic, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Stockwell was also a noted Broadway performer. In 1943, he succeeded Alfred Drake as "Curly", the lead role in Broadway's Oklahoma!. He remained in the role until 1948.
Harry Stockwell was married to actress Nina Olivette, and was the father of actors Dean Stockwell and Guy Stockwell.
He died in New York City, United States, in 1984, aged 82.
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Herbert Stothart
Herbert Stothart (September 11, 1885 – February 1, 1949) was a song writer, arranger, conductor, and composer. He was also nominated for nine Oscars, winning Best Original Score for The Wizard of Oz.
Herbert Stothart was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He studied music in Europe and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he later taught.
Stothart was first hired by producer Arthur Hammerstein to be a musical director for touring companies of Broadway shows, and was soon writing music for the producer's nephew Oscar Hammerstein II. He composed some of the music in the famous operetta, Rose-Marie. Stothart soon joined with many famous playwrights including Vincent Youmans, George Gershwin and Franz Lehár. In 1929, Stothart was signed to a large Hollywood contract by another would-be playwright of the day, Louis B. Mayer.
The last twenty years of his life were spent at MGM Studios, where he was under contract as a composer. One of the films that he worked on was the famous 1936 version of Rose-Marie, starring Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy. He won an Oscar for his musical score of the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.
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Howard Da Silva
Howard Da Silva (May 4, 1909 – February 16, 1986) was an American actor.
He was born Howard Silverblatt in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Bertha (née Sen) and Benjamin Silverblatt, a dress cutter. His parents were both Yiddish speaking Jews born in Russia. He had a job as a steelworker before beginning his acting career on the stage. He changed his surname to the Portuguese Da Silva, despite not having any relationship with Portugal or Brazil (the name is sometimes misspelled Howard De Silva).
Da Silva appeared in a number of Broadway musicals, including the role of "Larry Foreman" in the legendary first production of Marc Blitzstein's musical, The Cradle Will Rock (1937). Later, he costarred in the original 1943 stage production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma!, playing the role of the psychopathic "Jud Fry". He was the easygoing Ben who opposed Tammany Hall in the Pulitzer winning musical Fiorello!. In 1969, he originated the role of Benjamin Franklin in the musical 1776 and played him in the 1972 film version as well. During the show's run on Broadway, he suffered a minor heart attack, and was unable to appear on the cast recording. While Da Silva recuperated, his understudy, Rex Everhart, took over the role.
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Howard Keel
Harold Clifford Keel (April 13, 1919 – November 7, 2004), known professionally as Howard Keel, was an American actor and singer. He starred in many film musicals of the 1950s. He is best known to modern audiences for his starring role in the CBS television series Dallas (1981-1991)as Clayton Farlow, opposite Barbara Bel Geddes's character, but to an earlier generation, he was known as the star of some of the most famous MGM film musicals ever made, with a rich baritone singing voice.
Keel was born Harold Clifford Keel in Gillespie, Illinois, to Navyman-turned-coalminer Homer Keel and his wife, Grace Osterkamp Keel. (It is often erroneously stated—by the MGM publicity department of the 1950s—that Keel's birth name was Harold Leek).
Young Harold spent his childhood in poverty. One of his teachers, Miss Rosa Burke, noticed one day that he was not eating his lunch. From that day forward, Miss Burke would pack two lunches - one for herself and one for Harold. When he became famous and would perform near Gillespie, Burke always received tickets to attend his performances.
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Hugh Jackman
Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian actor and producer who is involved in film, musical theatre, and television.
Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in major films, notably as action/superhero, period and romance characters. He is known for his role as Wolverine in the X-Men film series, as well as for his leads in Kate & Leopold, Van Helsing, The Prestige, Australia, and Real Steel. Jackman is a singer, dancer, and actor in stage musicals, and won a Tony Award for his role in The Boy from Oz.
In November 2008, Open Salon named Jackman one of the sexiest men alive. Later that same month, People magazine named Jackman "Sexiest Man Alive."
A three-time host of the Tony Awards, winning an Emmy Award for one of these appearances, Jackman also hosted the 81st Academy Awards on 22 February 2009.
Jackman was born in Sydney, New South Wales, the youngest of five children of English parents Chris Jackman and Grace Watson, and the second child to be born in Australia (he also has a younger half-sister, from his mother's re-marriage). One of his paternal great-grandfathers was Greek. His parents divorced when he was eight, and he remained with his accountant father and siblings, while his mother moved back to England. As a child, Jackman liked the outdoors, spending a lot of time at the beach and on camping trips and vacations all over Australia. He wanted to see the world: "I used to spend nights looking at atlases. I decided I wanted to be a chef on a plane. Because I'd been on a plane and there was food on board, I presumed there was a chef. I thought that would be an ideal job."
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James Whitmore
James Allen Whitmore, Jr. (October 1, 1921 – February 6, 2009) was an American film and stage actor.
Born in White Plains, to Florence Belle (née Crane) and James Allen Whitmore, Sr., a park commission official, Whitmore attended Amherst Central High School in Snyder, New York, before graduating from The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut. He went on to study at Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones and had his first taste of radio drama as part of other broadcasting experience as a member of the student-run WOCD-AM, later renamed WYBC-AM. He later was commissioned a Second Lieutenant and served in the United States Marine Corps in the Panama Canal Zone during World War II.
Following World War II, Whitmore appeared on Broadway in the role of the Sergeant in Command Decision. MGM hired Whitmore on contract, but his role in the film adaptation was played by Van Johnson. Whitmore's first major picture was Battleground, in a role that was turned down by Spencer Tracy, and for which Whitmore was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Other major films included Angels in the Outfield (1951 film), The Asphalt Jungle, The Next Voice You Hear,Above and Beyond, Kiss Me, Kate, Them!, Oklahoma!, Black Like Me, Guns of the Magnificent Seven, Tora! Tora! Tora!, and Give 'em Hell, Harry!, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of former U.S. President Harry S Truman. In the film Tora! Tora! Tora! he played the part of Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey.
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Jamie Farr
Jamie Farr (born Jameel Joseph Farah, July 1, 1934) is an American television, film, and theater actor. He is best known for having played the role of cross-dressing Corporal (later Sergeant) Maxwell Q. Klinger in the television sitcom M*A*S*H.
Farr was born in Toledo, Ohio, to Lebanese-American parents Jamelia M. (née Abodeely), a seamstress, and Samuel N. Farah, a grocer. He was raised in the Maronite Eastern Catholic Syriac Maronite Church of Antioch religion. Farr’s first acting success occurred at age 11, when he won two dollars in a local acting contest. After Woodward High School, where he was one of the standouts among his class, Farr attended the Pasadena Playhouse where an MGM talent scout discovered him, offering him a screen-test for Blackboard Jungle. He won the role of the mentally challenged student, Santini. With the encouragement of his mentor, Danny Thomas (who had a lot in common with him), he decided to become an actor.
Farr’s first film roles were in 1955, in Blackboard Jungle (billed as Jameel Farah) and as a fruit vendor in Kismet (uncredited).
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Jane Lawrence
Jane Lawrence Smith (February 3, 1915 – August 5, 2005), born Jane Brotherton, was an American actress and opera singer who was part of the New York art scene from the 1950s on.
Jane Brotherton was born in Bozeman, Montana and grew up in Mt. Vernon, Washington. Her father was Lawrence Langham Brotherton, a founder of the Bozeman Canning Company.
In 1943 she, created the small role of Gertie in Oklahoma! on Broadway. The same year, she married Tony Smith, an architect who later achieved fame as a minimalist sculptor. Her close friend Tennessee Williams was best man at her wedding. The Smiths became the parents of three daughters, Kiki Smith, Seton Smith and Beatrice (Bebe) Smith Robinson (herself married to the painter and art critic Walter Robinson, before she died from AIDS).
In 1950 she traveled to Europe and began an opera career in Germany. The next year she sang the part of Electra in the 1951 Salzburg Festival presentation of "Idomeneo," conducted by Georg Solti.
Ms. Smith was one of the last survivors of the central circle of Abstract Expressionist artists and companions who came to the fore in New York in the 1940s and '50s. Her husband was close to Jackson Pollock and Barnett Newman, and she was the subject of one of Pollock's late black-and-white paintings, "No. 7" (1952), now owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Two of her daughters, Kiki Smith and Seton Smith, are artists, adding to her prominence in the art world. After her husband's death, in 1980, she resumed her acting career, this time in avant-garde theater, and worked with the directors John Jesurun, Joan Jonas and Marianne Weems. She performed the lead role in the no wave opera XS: The Opera Opus (1984-6) that was created by composer Rhys Chatham and artist Joseph Nechvatal.
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Jerome Kern
Jerome David Kern (January 27, 1885 – November 11, 1945) was an American composer of musical theatre and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A Fine Romance", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "All the Things You Are", "The Way You Look Tonight", "Long Ago (and Far Away)" and "Who?". He collaborated with many of the leading librettists and lyricists of his era, including George Grossmith Jr., Guy Bolton, P. G. Wodehouse, Otto Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II, Dorothy Fields, Johnny Mercer, Ira Gershwin and E. Y. Harburg.
A native New Yorker, Kern created dozens of Broadway musicals and Hollywood films in a career that lasted for more than four decades. His musical innovations, such as 4/4 dance rhythms and the employment of syncopation and jazz progressions, built on, rather than rejected, earlier musical theatre tradition. He and his collaborators also employed his melodies to further the action or develop characterization to a greater extent than in the other musicals of his day, creating the model for later musicals. Although dozens of Kern's musicals and musical films were hits, only Show Boat is now regularly revived. Songs from his other shows, however, are still frequently performed and adapted. Although Kern detested jazz arrangements of his songs, many have been adopted by jazz musicians to become standard tunes.
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Jessica Boevers
Jessica Boevers (born August 25, 1972) is an American actress who has appeared in a number of notable Broadway productions, as well as Off-Broadway, film, and television.
Boevers attended the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music, graduating in 1994. Her Broadway credits include Les Misérables (Eponine), A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (Philia) Rent (Maureen), Oklahoma! (Ado Annie), and In My Life (Jenny).
In addition, she has appeared on the television shows Strangers with Candy and Another World, and the 1993 film Airborne.
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Joan Roberts
Joan Roberts (born July 15, 1918) is an American actress, born in New York City, New York, who created the role of Laurey in the original Broadway production of Oklahoma! in 1943.
Along with Celeste Holm, she is one of the few surviving cast members of the original Oklahoma! production. She initially auditioned for the role of Ado Annie (which eventually went to Holm), but the show's librettist Oscar Hammerstein cast her as the female lead. Roberts subsequently took on the starring role of Sara Longstreet in the Broadway musical High Button Shoes. Roberts was in retirement for many years on Long Island, New York, when she accepted the role of Heidi Schiller in the 2001 Broadway revival of Stephen Sondheim's Follies.[citation needed] Over the years Roberts has been a sought after interviewee for theatre documentaries.She has been seen in documentaries on Oscar Hamerstien II, George Abbott and in the film [[ Broadway: The Golden Age, by the Legends Who Were There ]] .
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John Raitt
John Emmett Raitt (January 29, 1917 – February 20, 2005) was an American actor and singer best known for his performances in musical theater.
Raitt was born in Santa Ana, California. He got his start in theatre as a high school student at Fullerton Union High School in Fullerton, California. While there, he played in several drama productions in Plummer Auditorium. Raitt sang in the chorus of The Desert Song. A few years before he died, Raitt once again came back to the Plummer to see a rehearsal, visit students and recollect his beginnings. He is on the school's "Wall of Fame" for his accomplishments.
He is best known for his stage roles in the musicals Carousel, Oklahoma!, The Pajama Game, Carnival in Flanders, Three Wishes for Jamie, and A Joyful Noise, in which he set the standard for virile, handsome, strong-voiced leading men during the golden age of the Broadway musical. His only leading film role was in the 1957 movie version of The Pajama Game opposite Doris Day.
On television, he was seen many times on the Bell Telephone Hour. A clip of a television performance of Raitt singing the final section of the song "Soliloquy" from Carousel is included in the documentary film Broadway: The Golden Age, by the Legends Who Were There. In 1957, also for television, he and Mary Martin re-created their starring roles in the national touring version of Annie Get Your Gun. On September 29, 1953, he joined Jackie Gleason and Phil Foster in an appearance on the CBS panel discussion This Is Show Business. On January 26, 1961, he appeared in the last season of NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford.
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Jonathan Tunick
Jonathan Tunick (born April 19, 1938, New York City, New York) is an American orchestrator, musical director, and composer, one of eleven people to have won all four major American show business awards: the Tony Awards, Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and Grammy Awards. He has worked on most of the musicals of Stephen Sondheim, starting in 1970 with Company and ending with the 2010-11 revival of Follies.
He graduated from the LaGuardia Performing Arts High School, and holds degrees from Bard College and the Juilliard School. Tunick's principal instrument is the clarinet.
Much of his work has arisen from his involvement in theatre, and he is associated especially with the musicals of Stephen Sondheim. Sondheim said of Tunick's work: " 'I think he's tops'..." and further noted that "Tunick is a standout in his field not only because of his musicianship and imagination, but primarily because of 'his great sensitivity to theatrical atmosphere.' "
Tunick also has a band, the "Broadway Moonlighters", which played at Birdland in March 2012 and in 2008 with Barbara Cook as his special guest. He has worked as an arranger and/or conductor on recordings with Judy Collins, Cleo Laine, Kiri Te Kanawa, Itzhak Perlman, Placido Domingo, Johnny Mathis, Barbra Streisand, Paul McCartney and Bernadette Peters. In his review of the Bernadette Peters recording Bernadette Peters Loves Rodgers and Hammerstein (Angel Records, 2002), John Kenrick wrote: "Jonathan Tunick provides the brilliant arrangements." Tunick won the Grammy Award as "Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)/Best Background Arrangement" for his work on the song "No One Is Alone" from the Cleo Laine album Cleo Laine Sings Sondheim (RCA Victor, 1987).
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Josefina Gabrielle
Josefina Gabrielle is an Olivier Award-nominated stage and screen actress, best known for her performances in hit West End musicals and plays.
Josefina Gabrielle began her professional career dancing with the National Ballet of Portugal. Since she completed her formal training, she has appeared in numerous musical productions, in the West End and on Broadway.
Her early West End appearances include Fame, The Woman in White, The Marriage of Figaro, A Chorus Line and The Goodbye Girl. In 1992, she was part of the ensemble in Nicholas Hytner's acclaimed revival of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel. This production opened at the Royal National Theatre and transferred in 1993 to the Shaftesbury Theatre. She continued her association with Rodgers and Hammerstein in 1998 when she was chosen by director Trevor Nunn to star as Laurey Williams in his new production of Oklahoma! which was also staged at the National Theatre. It later transferred to the Lyeum Theatre in the West End. For her performance in Oklahoma!, Gabrielle received her first Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. She holds the distinction of being the first ever Laurey in any production of Oklahoma! to dance her own "Dream Ballet," which was recreated especially for her by choreographer Susan Stroman. When this revival transferred to Broadway in 2002, Gabrielle travelled with the show and made her Broadway debut with the new company.
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Julian Woolford
Julian Woolford is a British theatre director, producer and writer. He was educated at the University of Kent and Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.
Woolford was artistic director at Sevenoaks Playhouse, the Global Search for New Musicals at the International Festival of Musical Theatre, and associate director of the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch.
As artistic airector of the Sevenoaks Playhouse he directed Vita & Virginia, The Railway Children, Wallflowering, Kiss of the Spiderwoman (the play), Wind in the Willows and Jeffrey Hatcher's version of The Turn of the Screw. During Woolford's tenure Sevenoaks Playhouse won an award of £100,000 from the Arts Council and the 2006 Best Of Business Award for Best Marketing Campaign.
He directed the 2003 British national tours of Fiddler on the Roof, Carousel and Murdered to Death and his productions at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch include Turn of the Screw, Dames at Sea, The Sound of Music, The Fifteen Streets, Who's Under Where?, The Underworld Project; Other productions include The Oedipus Complex and Oedipus Rex (Bristol New Vic); and The Comedy of Errors (Worthing).
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Katharine Sergava
Katharine Sergava (July 30, 1910 in Tbilisi, Georgia – November 26, 2005. Married name: Katharine Sergava Sznycer) was an actress and dancer.
She was best known for portraying both Ellen and the dream-ballet version of Laurey, the heroine, in the premiere of Oklahoma!. She had also appeared in several films and TV shows.
In 2003 she was erroneously reported dead in the Daily Telegraph and New York Times.
She lived in retirement in Greenwich Village, New York City.
Katharine Sergava Sznycer died on Saturday, November 26, 2005 in New York City from natural causes in her apartment home, after an extended stay in a nursing facility. She was 95.
She was a teacher of the Stanislavski's system at Herbert Berghof Studio (HB Studio) in Bank street Greenwich Village New York City
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Lance Smith
Lance Smith is an American actor and media personality, who, for eight years, was the host of CMT's Top Twenty Countdown. He is also the author of the children's book, The Old Man and the Cat."
Smith had also hosted CMT's short-lived series "Got Me In With The Band," and a plethora of other various CMT specials, including award pre-shows and CMT's Spring Break concert specials.
Lance Smith was born David Lance Smith in Alabama on September 27, 1978. He moved all over as a child, but settled in Franklin, Tennessee.
Smith's interest in acting was first evident in church with a performance in "The Passion Play," that gave him an audience of thousands of people.
Soon after high school graduation, Smith moved from his home of Franklin, Tennessee to Los Angeles, eventually becoming an extra on many television sitcoms. He then landed acting roles in country music-related jobs, which would foreshadow his Country Music Television career, starring in a trio of country music videos, with two featuring him as the lead male. Then he landed an audition with some country music superstars.
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Laurence Guittard
Laurence Guittard is an actor and singer, mostly appearing on the Broadway stage. He made his Broadway debut in Baker Street in 1965. Notable appearances include Count Carl-Magnus Malcolm in Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music, Curly in the 1979 revival of Oklahoma!, and as Don Quixote in several productions of Man of La Mancha.
Mr. Guittard was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his role in A Little Night Music. He won the 1973 Theatre World Award for the same role.
Mr. Guittard, a seasoned Broadway veteran, has also brought his baritone voice and acting skills to the Broadway revival of She Loves Me and in the musical revue Rodgers and Hart. In recent years he has appeared extensively at the Ahmanson Theatre and at the Old Globe in San Diego. In California, he won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for his ensemble performance in Cloud 9.
The celebration of Stephen Sondheim – all-star participants included, Angela Lansbury, Alexis Smith, Dorothy Collins, Chita Rivera, Glynis Johns, Hermione Gingold, Anthony Perkins, Larry Kert and many others – took place at the Shubert Theatre in 1973. Guittard was among the celebrants and sings, "We're Gonna Be All Right", on the recording made on that special occasion, Sondheim: A Musical Tribute (1973), recorded live March 11, 1973.
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Leila Benn Harris
Leila Benn Harris (born 1983) is a British actress and singer. She trained at Arts Educational School in London and graduated with a BA in Musical Theatre. Upon graduation, she was cast in the lead role of Carmen in the No.1 National Tour of Fame. She then made her West-End debut in the same role at the Aldwych Theatre. She understudied and played the role of The Mistress in Andrew Lloyd Webber’s West-End revival of Evita at the Adelphi Theatre, directed by Michael Grandage. She was also part of the original cast recording.
Leila recently starred as Christine in The Phantom of the Opera at Her Majesty’s Theatre, for which she was nominated for a 2008 Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers’ Choice Award for Best Takeover in a Role, performing in the awards results show at the Lyric Theatre. To follow, Leila starred in the 2008 Production Imagine This at the New London Theatre as the role of Rebecca, the show received mostly negative critical review and closed after a run of less than 2 months.
Other theatre performances include: Diana Morales in A Chorus Line, Peep-Bo in Hot Mikado and Eponine in a charity gala performance of Les Misérables for the MCC, Malta.
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Lorenz Hart
Lorenz Milton Hart (May 2, 1895 – November 22, 1943) was the lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart. Some of his more famous lyrics include "Blue Moon," "Mountain Greenery," "The Lady Is a Tramp," "Manhattan," "Where or When," "Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered," "Falling in Love with Love," "My Funny Valentine," "I Could Write a Book", "This Can't Be Love", "With a Song in My Heart", "It Never Entered My Mind", and "Isn't It Romantic?".
Hart was born in Harlem, the older of two sons, to Jewish immigrant parents, Max M. and Frieda (Isenberg) Hart, of German background. His father, a business promoter, sent Hart and his brother to private schools. (His brother, Teddy Hart, also went into theater and became a musical comedy star. His wife, Dorothy Hart, wrote a biography of Lorenz Hart.)
Hart attended Columbia University School of Journalism for two years. A friend introduced him to Richard Rodgers, and the two joined forces to write songs for a series of amateur and student productions.
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Louise Plowright
Louise Plowright (born 1956 in Cheshire) is a British actress, who trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, and first came to prominence playing abrasive hairdresser Julie Cooper in the television soap opera EastEnders from 1989 to 1990.
Subsequent major roles on TV include Linda Harvey in Families and Michelle Thorn in Footballers' Wives: Extra Time.
As a stage singer-actress she has appeared in a number of regional and touring productions of musicals, where her roles have included: April in Hot Shoe Shuffle, Julie Johnston in Bad Girls - The Musical, and, Phyllis Rogers Stone in Follies, and most recently Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (musical) amongst others. Numerous West End Concert Performances including 'Living On An Island' at The Talk Of London. She has also appeared in various regional theatre pantomimes. In the summer of 2009 she appeared in Oklahoma! at the Chichester Festival Theatre as Aunt Eller, and the following autumn in Manchester in White Christmas (musical). She is currently performing, to rave reviews, in at the Chichester Festival Theatre's revival of 42nd Street.
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Lucy Durack
Lucy Durack (born 17 November 1982) is an Australian musical theatre performer recognised for playing Glinda in the Australian production of Wicked.
Born in Perth, Durack graduated from the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA) with a Bachelor of Arts (Music Theatre) and prior to graduating was cast in the Brisbane and Sydney seasons of Mamma Mia! in which she understudied and performed the role of Sophie.
Durack has played the roles of Peggy Sawyer in 42nd Street, Miss Dorothy in the Australian Premiere of Thoroughly Modern Millie, Lois Lane/Bianca in Kiss Me, Kate, Rikki Rose in Respect and Laurey in Oklahoma!.
Durack’s screen credits include the role of Cassie Bennett on Channel Seven’s headLand, All Saints, Rush II, Spicks and Specks, Parlami d'Amore, the Australian feature film Finding Nigel and the worldwide broadcast of the BBC2 Voice of Musical Theatre Competition in Cardiff in which she was a finalist. Durack is a frequent guest presenter on Channel Seven's Absolutely Melbourne.
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Lynn Riggs
Rollie Lynn Riggs (August 31, 1899 – June 30, 1954) was an author, poet and playwright born on a farm near Claremore, Oklahoma. His mother was 1/8 Cherokee, and when he was two years old, his mother secured his Cherokee allotment for him. He was able to draw on his allotment to help support his writing. Riggs wrote 21 full-length plays, several short stories, poems, and a television script.
He was educated at the Eastern University Preparatory School in Claremore, Oklahoma, starting in 1912. Riggs graduated from high school in 1917, and travelled to Chicago and New York. He worked for the Adams Express Company in Chicago, wrote for the Wall Street Journal, sold books at Macy's and swept out Wall Street offices. Returning to Oklahoma in 1919, he wrote for the Oil and Gas Journal. Travelling to Los Angeles, Riggs worked as an extra in the theatre, and a copyeditor at the Los Angeles Times, which published his first poem. Riggs entered the University of Oklahoma in 1920, and taught English there from 1922-1923. However, Riggs did not graduate after he became ill with tuberculosis during his senior year. Riggs then moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico for health reasons and soon joined a group of artists. However, in 1926 Riggs moved back to New York hoping to work in the Broadway theatres.
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Margaret Hamilton
Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 – May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of Kansas curmudgeon Miss Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image.
In later years, Hamilton made frequent cameo appearances on television sitcoms and commercials. She also gained recognition for her work as an advocate of causes designed to benefit children and animals, and retained a lifelong commitment to public education.
Hamilton was born to Walter J. Hamilton and his wife, Jennie (née Adams), in Cleveland, Ohio and was the youngest of four children. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio. Drawn to the theater at an early age, Hamilton made her stage debut in 1923. Hamilton also practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. She later moved to Painesville, Ohio. Before she turned to acting exclusively, her parents insisted she attend Wheelock College in Boston, which she did, later becoming a kindergarten teacher.[citation needed]
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Marti Webb
Marti Webb (born 13 December 1944, Cricklewood, North West London) is a musical actress from England, who appeared on stage in Evita, before starring in Andrew Lloyd Webber's one woman show Tell Me on a Sunday in 1980. This included her biggest hit single, "Take That Look Off Your Face", a UK top three hit, with the parent album also reaching the top three.
Having studied at the Aida Foster stage school, Webb first came to prominence as Ann in the original London production of Half a Sixpence opposite Tommy Steele. She later dubbed the singing voice of Julia Foster, her replacement for the film adaptation. Immediately prior to her appearance in Half a Sixpence, Webb had made her West End debut in Stop the World, I Want to Get Off, which starred and had lyrics by Anthony Newley, whom Webb considered to be her mentor. She also played Nancy in the first UK tour of Oliver! where she met and befriended the show's Assistant Stage Manager Cameron Mackintosh, who was to become one of the most prominent musical theatre producers in world. When the production returned to the West End, Phil Collins who later achieved fame with Genesis played The Artful Dodger.
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Martin Vidnovic
Martin Vidnovic (born January 4, 1948) is an American actor and singer.
Born in Falls Church, Virginia, Vidnovic made his Broadway debut in the ill-fated Home Sweet Homer (1976) which, following a one-year tour, closed on opening night. He fared better with his next three projects, revivals of The King and I (1977), Oklahoma! (1979), and Brigadoon (1980).
Vidnovic's performance in Baby (1983) won him the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical. Additional Broadway credits include Guys and Dolls (1992), A Grand Night for Singing (1993), and King David (1997). He was cast in the 1998 stage adaptation of Footloose but was replaced during previews.
Off-Broadway, Vidnovic was cast as El Gallo late in the run of the original production of The Fantasticks and appeared in the 2006 revival as Bellomy. Additional off-Broadway credits include Lies and Legends: The Musical Stories of Harry Chapin (1985), Olympus on My Mind (1986), and the 2003 Jerry Herman revue Showtune.
Vidnovic is the father of actress Laura Benanti. He is also the uncle of former Minor Threat bassist Steve Hansgen.
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Mary Wickes
Mary Wickes (June 13, 1910 – October 22, 1995) was an American film and television actress.
Wickes was born as Mary Isabella Wickenhauser in St. Louis, Missouri, of German Irish Protestant extraction. She graduated at the age of eighteen with a degree in political science from Washington University in St. Louis, where she joined the Phi Mu women's fraternity and was initiated into Mortar Board in 1929. Wickes' first Broadway appearance was in Marc Connelly's The Farmer Takes a Wife in 1934 with Henry Fonda. She began acting in films in the late 1930s, and was also a member of the Orson Welles troupe on his radio drama Mercury Theatre of the Air. One of her earliest significant film appearances was in The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942), reprising her stage role of "Nurse Preen".
A tall (5'10"), gangling woman with a distinctive voice, Wickes would ultimately prove herself adept as a comedienne, but she first attracted attention in the film Now, Voyager (1942), as the wisecracking nurse who helped Bette Davis' character during her mother's illness. (She had already appeared earlier that year with Davis in The Man Who Came To Dinner, and appeared with Davis again six years later in June Bride.) Also in 1942 she had a large part in the Abbott and Costello comedy Who Done It?. She continued playing supporting roles in films during the next decade, usually playing wisecracking characters. A prime example was her deadpan characterization of Stella, the harassed housekeeper, in the Doris Day vehicles By the Light of the Silvery Moon and On Moonlight Bay. She played similar roles in two later movies with Rosalind Russell: The Trouble with Angels and Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows in the mid 1960s.
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Maureen Lipman
Maureen Diane Lipman CBE (born 10 May 1946) is a British film, theatre and television actress, columnist and comedienne.
Lipman was born in Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, the daughter of Maurice Julius Lipman and Zelma Pearlman. Her father was a tailor; he used to have a shop between the Ferens Art Gallery and Monument Bridge. She attended Newland School for Girls in Hull and was encouraged into an acting career by her mother, who used to take her to the pantomime and push her onto the stage. Lipman trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
Lipman worked extensively in the theatre following her début in a stage production of The Knack at the Palace Theatre, Watford. In order to get the post she pretended that a documentary producer wanted to follow her finding her first job-this was a lie but it seemed to work. She was a member of Laurence Olivier's Royal National Theatre Company at the Old Vic. She made an early film appearance in Up the Junction. After early appearances in the sitcoms The Lovers, and Doctor at Large, Lipman first gained prominence on television in the 1979 situation comedy Agony, in which she played an agony aunt with a troubled private life. She played the lead role in the television series All at No 20 and took on a range of diverse characters when starring in the series About Face. She is well known for playing Joyce Grenfell in the biographical show Re: Joyce!, which she co-wrote with James Roose-Evans, and another memorable character Beatrice Bellman (Beatie/BT), a Jewish grandmother in a series of television commercials for British Telecom. She has continued to work in the theatre for over thirty years, playing, amongst other roles, Aunt Eller in the National Theatre's Oklahoma! with Hugh Jackman.
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Mike Todd
Michael Todd (June 22, 1909 - March 22, 1958) was an American theatre and film producer, best known for his 1956 production of Around the World in Eighty Days, which won an Academy Award for Best Picture. He is also well known as the third of Elizabeth Taylor's seven husbands.
Todd was born Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Chaim Goldbogen (an Orthodox rabbi) and Sophia Hellerman, both Polish Jewish immigrants. He was one of nine children in a poor family, the youngest son, and his siblings nicknamed him "Toat" to mimic his difficulty pronouncing the word "coat." It was from this that his name was derived.
The family later moved to Chicago, arriving on the day World War I ended. Todd was expelled[citation needed] in the sixth grade for running a game of craps inside the school. In high school, he produced the school play, The Mikado, which was considered a hit. He eventually dropped out of high school and worked at a variety of jobs, including shoe salesman and store window decorator. One of his first jobs was as a soda jerk. When the drugstore went out of business, Todd had acquired enough medical knowledge from his work there to be hired at Chicago's Michael Reese Hospital as a type of "security guard" to stop visitors from bringing in food that was not on the patient's diet.
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Milton Babbitt
Milton Byron Babbitt (May 10, 1916 – January 29, 2011) was an American composer, music theorist, and teacher. He is particularly noted for his serial and electronic music.
Babbitt was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Barkin & Brody 2001) to Albert E. Babbitt and Sarah Potamkin. He was raised in Jackson, Mississippi, and began studying the violin when he was four but soon switched to clarinet and saxophone. Early in his life he was attracted to jazz and theater music. He was making his own arrangements of popular songs at seven, and when he was thirteen, he won a local songwriting contest (Kozinn 2011).
Babbitt's father was a mathematician, and it was mathematics that Babbitt intended to study when he entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1931. However, he soon left and went to New York University instead, where he studied music with Philip James and Marion Bauer. There he became interested in the music of the composers of the Second Viennese School and went on to write a number of articles on twelve tone music, including the first description of combinatoriality and a serial "time-point" technique. After receiving his bachelor of arts degree from New York University College of Arts and Science in 1935 with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he studied under Roger Sessions, first privately and then later at Princeton University. At the university, he joined the music faculty in 1938 and received one of Princeton's first Master of Fine Arts degrees in 1942 (Barkin & Brody 2001). During the Second World War, Babbitt divided his time between mathematical research in Washington, D.C., and Princeton, where he became a member of the mathematics faculty from 1943 to 1945 (Barkin & Brody 2001).
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Nelson Eddy
Nelson Ackerman Eddy (June 29, 1901 – March 6, 1967) was an American singer and actor who appeared in 19 musical films during the 1930s and 1940s, as well as in opera and on the concert stage, radio, television, and in nightclubs. A classically trained baritone, he is best remembered for the eight films in which he costarred with soprano Jeanette MacDonald. He was one of the first "crossover" stars, a superstar appealing both to shrieking bobby-soxers as well as opera purists, and in his heyday was the highest paid singer in the world.
During his 40-year career, he earned three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (one each for film, recording, and radio), left his footprints in the wet cement at Grauman's Chinese Theater, earned three Gold records, and was invited to sing at the third inauguration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He also introduced millions of young Americans to classical music and inspired many of them to pursue a musical career.
Eddy was born in Providence, Rhode Island, the only child of Caroline Isabel (née Kendrick) and William Darius Eddy. His father was a machinist and toolmaker whose work required him to move from town to town. Nelson grew up in Providence and Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and in New Bedford, Massachusetts. As a boy, he was a redhead and quickly acquired the nickname "Bricktop." As an adult, his red hair was streaked with silver, so that his hair photographed as blond.
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Oscar Hammerstein II
Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II (
/ˈhæmərstaɪn/; July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960) was an American librettist, theatrical producer, and (usually uncredited) theatre director of musicals for almost forty years. Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards and was twice awarded an Academy Award for "Best Original Song". Many of his songs are standard repertoire for singers and jazz musicians. He co-wrote 850 songs. Hammerstein was the lyricist and playwright in his partnerships; his collaborators wrote the music. Hammerstein collaborated with composers Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, Rudolf Friml and Sigmund Romberg, but his most famous collaboration was with Richard Rodgers.
Hammerstein was born Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein in New York City, the son of Alice (née Nimmo) and William Hammerstein. His grandfather was German-born Jewish theater impresario Oscar Hammerstein I, and his mother was the daughter of Scottish and English parents. Hammerstein was raised an Episcopalian.[citation needed]
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Pamela Britton
Pamela Britton (March 19, 1923 – June 17, 1974) was an American actress best known for appearing as Lorelei Brown in the television series My Favorite Martian (1963–1966). She also starred in the film noir classic D.O.A. (1950).
She was born Armilda Jane Owen in Milwaukee. Her mother was Ethel Waite Owen (1893–1997), a prominent stage, radio, and early television actress. Her father, Raymond G. Owen, was a doctor who died when the actress was 20 years old. She had two sisters: Virginia, an actress under contract to RKO Radio Pictures, and Mary, a social worker.
Pamela attended State Teacher's Normal School and Holy Angels Academy in her home town of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, taking leads in her school plays. By the age of nine she was doing summer stock, and Hollywood came calling at age ten, though her mother rejected the advances, saying she wanted her to be an actress, not a child star. Pamela started making the rounds at 15, using the name Gloria Jane Owen, but found that as soon as people knew who her mother was they expected her to be as accomplished as the respected dramatic actress. She chose the name Pamela from a British book and Britton to emphasise the source.
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Patty Duke
Anna Marie "Patty" Duke (born December 14, 1946) is an American actress of stage, film, and television. First becoming famous as a child star, winning an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at age 16, and later starring in her eponymous sitcom for three years, she progressed to more mature roles upon playing Neely O'Hara in the 1967 film Valley of the Dolls. She was later elected president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1985 to 1988.
Duke was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1982; since then she has devoted much of her time to advocating and educating the public on mental health issues.
In 1996, Patty Duke was ranked #40 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.
Duke was born in Elmhurst, Queens, New York, the daughter of Frances (née McMahon), a cashier, and John Patrick Duke, a handyman and cab driver. Her father was Irish American and her maternal grandmother was German.
Duke and her older brother Raymond experienced a childhood of hard times. Her father was an alcoholic, and her mother suffered from clinical depression and was prone to violence. When Duke was 6, her mother threw her father out; when she was 8, her mother turned Duke's care over to John and Ethel Ross, who became her managers. The Rosses recognized her talent and promoted her as a child actress.
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Peter Polycarpou
Peter Polycarpou is a British stage and TV and film actor, best known for playing Chris Theodopolopoudos in the television comedy series Birds of a Feather.
Polycarpou's work in movies include Evita alongside Madonna, Oklahoma! and De-Lovely. On stage, he was the first actor to play the role of John in the musical Miss Saigon in London. He was an original cast member of the musical Les Misérables, and has played The Phantom in Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera. He has also appeared in the UK première of The Woods by David Mamet at the Finborough Theatre, London. Television work has included The Bill, Holby City, Casualty and Waking the Dead.
In February 2006, Polycarpou appeared in EastEnders, playing Yannis Pappas, father-in-law of character Carly Wicks for 3 episodes. More recently he played a leading role in the movie O Jerusalem, released in 2007. He also starred in a short film Broken alongside Michelle Collins playing the leading role of Solomon. The film, about a Greek Cypriot immigrant family in 1960s London won several international awards. He wrote and co-directed his own short film Mad George with ex-musician and long time friend John Hoare. The film has shown at several International Film Festivals.
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Ray Bradbury
Ray Douglas Bradbury (born August 22, 1920) is an American fantasy, horror, science fiction, and mystery writer. Best known for his dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and for the science fiction stories gathered together as The Martian Chronicles (1950) and The Illustrated Man (1951), Bradbury is one of the most celebrated among 20th and 21st century American writers of speculative fiction. Many of Bradbury's works have been adapted into television shows or films.
Bradbury was born in 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois to Esther Moberg Bradbury, a Swedish immigrant, and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury, a power and telephone lineman.
Ray Bradbury is related to the American Shakespeare scholar Douglas Spaulding. He is also directly descended from Mary Bradbury, who was tried, convicted and sentenced to hang as a witch in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. She was married to Captain Thomas Bradbury of Salisbury, Massachusetts.
Bradbury was a reader and writer throughout his youth who was greatly influenced by the writings of Edgar Allan Poe. Bradbury was especially impressed with Poe's ability to draw readers into his works. In his youth, he spent much time in the Carnegie library in Waukegan, Illinois, reading such authors as H.G. Wells, Jules Verne, and his favorite author, Edgar Rice Burroughs who wrote novels such as Tarzan of the Apes and The Warlord of Mars. He loved Burroughs' The Warlord of Mars so much that at the age of twelve he wrote his own sequel. An aunt read him short stories when he was a child. He used this library as a setting for much of his novel Something Wicked This Way Comes, and depicted Waukegan as "Green Town" in some of his other semi-autobiographical novels—Dandelion Wine, Farewell Summer—as well as in many of his short stories.
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Ray Charles
Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004), known by his shortened stage name Ray Charles, was an American musician. He was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. While with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to be given artistic control by a mainstream record company.Frank Sinatra called Charles “the only true genius in show business.”
The influences upon his music were mainly jazz, blues, rhythm and blues and country artists of the day such as Art Tatum, Nat King Cole, Louis Jordan, Charles Brown, Louis Armstrong. His playing reflected influences from country blues and barrelhouse, and stride piano styles.
Rolling Stone ranked Charles number ten on their list of "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" in 2004, and number two on their November 2008 list of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In honoring Charles, Billy Joel noted: "This may sound like sacrilege, but I think Ray Charles was more important than Elvis Presley. I don't know if Ray was the architect of rock & roll, but he was certainly the first guy to do a lot of things . . . Who the hell ever put so many styles together and made it work?"
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Richard Rodgers
Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 – December 31, 1979) was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television. He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music down to the present day, and have an enduring broad appeal.
Rodgers was the first person to win what are considered the top show business awards in television, recording, movies and Broadway—an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony—now known collectively as an EGOT. He has also won a Pulitzer Prize, making him one of two people (Marvin Hamlisch is the other) to receive each award.
Born into a prosperous ethnic German Jewish family in Arverne, Queens, New York City, Rodgers was the son of Mamie Levy and Dr. William Abrahams Rodgers, a prominent physician who had changed the family name from Abrahams. Richard began playing the piano at age six. He attended P.S. 10, Townsend Harris Hall and DeWitt Clinton High School. Rodgers spent his early teenage summers in Camp Wigwam (Waterford, Maine) where he composed some of his first songs.
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Rod Steiger
Rodney Stephen "Rod" Steiger (April 14, 1925 – July 9, 2002) was an Academy Award-winning American actor known for his performances in such films as On the Waterfront, The Big Knife, Oklahoma!, The Harder They Fall, Across the Bridge, The Pawnbroker, Doctor Zhivago, In the Heat of the Night, and Waterloo as well as the television programs Marty and Jesus of Nazareth.
Steiger was born in Westhampton, New York, the son of Lorraine (née Driver) and Frederick Steiger, of French, Scottish, and German descent. Steiger was raised as a Lutheran. He never knew his father, a vaudevillian who had been part of a traveling song-and-dance team with Steiger's mother (who subsequently left show business). Steiger grew up with his alcoholic mother before running away from home at age sixteen to join the United States Navy during World War II, where he saw action on destroyers in the Pacific.
Steiger appeared in over 100 motion pictures. He began his acting career in theatre and on live television in the early 1950s. On May 24, 1953, an episode of Goodyear Television Playhouse jump-started his career. The episode was the story of Marty written by Paddy Chayefsky. Marty is the story of a lonely homely butcher from the Bronx in search of love. Refusing to sign a seven-year studio contract, Steiger later turned down the role in the film version in 1955. Signing a studio contract at that time would "pigeon-hole" Steiger as to the roles he would later play and image portrayed on screen; those were two things Steiger objected to throughout his career. The role of Marty was turned over to Ernest Borgnine. Borgnine would receive the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Rod Steiger never regretted his decision to turn down the film role of Marty.
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Roger Sessions
Roger Huntington Sessions (28 December 1896 – 16 March 1985) was an American composer, critic, and teacher of music.
Sessions was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a family that could trace its roots back to the American revolution. His mother, Ruth Huntington Sessions, was a direct descendent of Samuel Huntington, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Roger studied music at Harvard University from the age of 14. There he wrote for and subsequently edited the Harvard Musical Review. Graduating at age 18, he went on to study at Yale University under Horatio Parker and Ernest Bloch before teaching at Smith College. His first major compositions came while he was travelling Europe with his wife in his mid-twenties and early thirties.[citation needed]
Returning to the United States in 1933, he taught first at Princeton University (from 1936), moved to the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught from 1945 to 1953, and then returned to Princeton until retiring in 1965. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1961. He was appointed Bloch Professor at Berkeley (1966–67), and gave the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures at Harvard University in 1968–69. He continued to teach on a part-time basis at the Juilliard School from 1966 until 1983.
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Rouben Mamoulian
Rouben Zachary Mamoulian (pronounced: roo-BEN ma-mool-YAN; October 8, 1897 – December 4, 1987) was an Armenian-American film and theatre director.
Mamoulian was born in Tbilisi, Georgia (ruled at that time by imperial Russia) to an Armenian family. His mother, Virginia (née Kalantarian), was a director of the Armenian theater, and his father, Zachary Mamoulian, was a bank president. Mamoulian relocated to England and started directing plays in London in 1922. He was brought to America the next year by Vladimir Rosing to teach at the Eastman School of Music and was involved in directing opera and theatre.
In 1925, Mamoulian was head of the School of Drama, where Martha Graham was also working at the time. Among other performances, together they produced a short two-color film called The Flute of Krishna, featuring Eastman students. Mamoulian left Eastman shortly thereafter and Graham chose to leave also, even though she was asked to stay on. In 1930, Mamoulian became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
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Rudolf Friml
Rudolf Friml (December 7, 1879 – November 12, 1972) was a composer of operettas, musicals, songs and piano pieces, as well as a pianist. After musical training and a brief performing career in his native Prague, Friml moved to the United States, where he became a composer. His best-known works are Rose-Marie and The Vagabond King, each of which enjoyed success on Broadway and in London and were adapted for film.
Born in Prague, at that time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and now capital of the Czech Republic, Friml showed aptitude for music at an early age. He entered the Prague Conservatory in 1895, where he studied the piano and composition with Antonín Dvořák. Friml was expelled from the conservatory in 1901 for performing without permission. In Prague and later in America he composed and published songs, piano pieces and other music, including the prize-winning set of songs, Pisne Zavisovy. The last of these, Za tichych noci, later became the basis for a famous film in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia in 1941.
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Scott Joplin
Scott Joplin (ca. 1867/1868? – April 1, 1917) was an American composer and pianist. Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions, and was later dubbed "The King of Ragtime". During his brief career, Joplin wrote 44 original ragtime pieces, one ragtime ballet, and two operas. One of his first pieces, the Maple Leaf Rag, became ragtime's first and most influential hit, and has been recognized as the archetypal rag.
Joplin was born into a musical African American family of laborers in Northeast Texas, and developed his musical knowledge with the help of local teachers, most notably Julius Weiss. Joplin grew up in Texarkana, where he formed a vocal quartet, and taught mandolin and guitar. During the late 1880s he left his job as a laborer with the railroad, and travelled around the American South as an itinerant musician. He went to Chicago for the World's Fair of 1893, which played a major part in making ragtime a national craze by 1897.
Joplin moved to Sedalia, Missouri in 1894, and earned a living teaching piano and going on tour across the Southern US. In Sedalia, he taught future ragtime composers Arthur Marshall, Scott Hayden and Brun Campbell. Joplin began publishing music in 1895, and publication of his Maple Leaf Rag in 1899 brought him fame and had a profound influence on subsequent writers of ragtime. It also brought the composer a steady income for life. During his lifetime, Joplin did not reach this level of success again and frequently had financial problems.
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Shelley Winters
Shelley Winters (August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress who appeared in dozens of films, as well as on stage and television; her career spanned over 50 years until her death in 2006. Winters won Academy Awards for her acting in The Diary of Anne Frank and A Patch of Blue, and is also remembered for her roles in A Place in the Sun, The Big Knife, Lolita, The Night of the Hunter, Alfie, and The Poseidon Adventure.
Winters was born Shirley Schrift in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Rose (née Winter), a singer with The Muny, and Jonas Schrift, a designer of men's clothing. Her parents were Jewish; her father immigrated from Austria, and her mother had been born in St. Louis to Austrian immigrants. Her parents had been third cousins. Her family moved to Brooklyn, New York when she was three years old. Her sister Blanche Schrift later married George Boroff, who ran The Circle Theatre (now named El Centro Theatre) in Los Angeles. Winters studied at The New School in New York City.
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Shirley Jones
Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American singer and actress of stage, film and television. In her six decades of television, she starred as wholesome characters in a number of well-known musical films, such as Oklahoma! (1955), Carousel (1956), and The Music Man (1962). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in Elmer Gantry (1960). She is probably best known as Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children in the situation-comedy television series The Partridge Family (1970–1974), co-starring her real-life stepson David Cassidy, son of Jack Cassidy.
Jones was born in Charleroi, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, to Methodist parents Marjorie (née Williams), a strict, strong-minded homemaker, and Paul Jones, owners of the Jones Brewing Company. An only child, she was named after Shirley Temple. The family later moved to the small nearby town of Smithton, Pennsylvania. Jones could sing almost as soon as she could speak. Encouraged by her summer camp counselors, her family arranged for teenaged Shirley to study twice a week, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with the world-renowned singer and teacher, Ralph Lawando. Afterwards, she frequently joined her father for a show at the Pittsburgh Playhouse, where she fell in love with the musical theatre. Jones won the "Miss Pittsburgh" contest in 1952.
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Shirley Temple
Shirley Jane Temple (born April 23, 1928), later Shirley Temple Black, is an American film and television actress, singer, dancer, autobiographer, and former U.S. Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. She began her film career in 1932 at the age of three, and in 1934, found international fame in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents. She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935, and film hits such as Curly Top and Heidi followed year after year during the mid-to-late 1930s. Licensed merchandise that capitalized on her wholesome image included dolls, dishes, and clothing. Her box office popularity waned as she reached adolescence, and she left the film industry at the age of 12 to attend high school[clarification needed]. She appeared in a few films of varying quality in her mid-to-late teens, and retired completely from films in 1950 at the age of 22. She was the top box-office draw four years in a row (1935–38) in a Motion Picture Herald poll.
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Shuler Hensley
Shuler Paul Hensley (born March 6, 1967) is an American singer and actor.
Hensley was born in Atlanta, Georgia. The youngest of three children, Hensley grew up in Marietta, Georgia. His father, Sam P. Hensley, Jr., is a former Georgia Tech football star, retired civil engineer and former state senator. His mother, Iris (née Antley) Hensley, was a ballerina, and later, Artistic Director of the Georgia Ballet. Hensley had an early start in show business at the age of four when he appeared as Fritz in her production of The Nutcracker.
He was educated at The Westminster Schools and attended the University of Georgia on a baseball scholarship. After attending a recital by Jessye Norman and being cast as Judge Turpin in a college production of Sweeney Todd, he decided to leave university after his sophomore year in order to study voice at the Manhattan School of Music where he majored in opera and graduated in 1989. From there he went to the Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia, and obtained his Master's Degree in 1993.
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Susan Stroman
Susan Stroman (born October 17, 1954) is an American theatre director, choreographer, film director, and performer. She has won the Tony Award for both her choreography and direction, notably for the stage musical The Producers.
Stroman was born in Wilmington, Delaware, to Frances and Charles Stroman. She was exposed to show tunes by her piano-playing salesman father. She began studying dance, concentrating on jazz, tap, and ballet at the age of five. She studied under James Jamieson at the Academy of the Dance in Wilmington. She majored in English at the University of Delaware. She performed, choreographed and directed at community theaters in the Delaware and Philadelphia area. After graduating in 1976, she moved to New York City. Her first professional appearance was in Hit the Deck at the Goodspeed Opera House in 1977. Her first Broadway credit was as an ensemble member in the 1979 musical Whoopee!. In 1980 she was assistant director, assistant choreographer, and dance captain for Musical Chairs. Wanting to direct and choreograph instead of perform, Stroman concentrated on creating for the theater. She worked in small venues as a director and choreographer in various industrial shows, club acts and commercials.
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Thelonious Monk
Thelonious Sphere Monk (October 10, 1917 – February 17, 1982) was an American jazz pianist and composer considered one of the giants of American music. Monk had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including "Epistrophy", "'Round Midnight", "Blue Monk", "Straight, No Chaser" and "Well, You Needn't". Monk is the second most recorded jazz composer after Duke Ellington, which is particularly remarkable as Ellington composed over 1,000 songs while Monk wrote about 70.
His compositions and improvisations are full of dissonant harmonies and angular melodic twists, and are consistent with Monk's unorthodox approach to the piano, which combined a highly percussive attack with abrupt, dramatic use of silences and hesitations. This was not a style universally appreciated; poet and jazz critic Philip Larkin dismissed Monk as 'the elephant on the keyboard'.
Monk's manner was idiosyncratic. Visually, he was renowned for his distinctive style in suits, hats and sunglasses. He was also noted for the fact that at times, while the other musicians in the band continued playing, he would stop, stand up from the keyboard and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano.
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Theresa Helburn
Theresa Helburn (January 12, 1887 – August 18, 1959) was an important figure in 20th century American theater and a Bryn Mawr College alumna, best known for her work with New York's Theatre Guild.
Involved with The Theatre Guild from its foundation in 1919, Helburn served first as a literary manager and then as casting director and eventually became (along with Lawrence Langner) a co-producer. The Theatre Guild specialized in bringing the highest-quality drama of Europe and America to Broadway stages. Breaking away from the common practice of single-ticket sales and productions built around famous stars, the Theatre Guild built a large and loyal season subscription audience as well as establishing enduring relationships with renowned playwrights such as George Bernard Shaw and Eugene O'Neill, as well as the actors Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne, among many other notable names. She and the other founding members of this production company brought serious, ground-breaking plays back to the Broadway stage, and together they proved that it was possible to produce work that was both artistically and commercially successful.
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Trevor Nunn
Sir Trevor Robert Nunn, CBE (born 14 January 1940) is an English theatre, film and television director. Nunn has been the Artistic Director for the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal National Theatre, and, currently, the Theatre Royal, Haymarket. He has directed musicals and dramas for the stage, as well as opera. His well-known musicals are Cats (1981) and Les Misérables (1985). His dramas include Nicholas Nickleby and Macbeth. He has been nominated for the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical, the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play, the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Director, and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical, winning the Tony Award (Musical) for Les Misérables and the Olivier Award for Summerfolk / The Merchant of Venice / Troilus and Cressida; and The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby.
Nunn was born in Ipswich, England, to Robert Alexander Nunn, a cabinetmaker, and Dorothy May Piper. He was educated at Northgate Grammar School, Ipswich and Downing College, Cambridge, where he began his stage career. He won a Director's Scholarship, becoming a trainee director at the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry in 1962.
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Vincent Youmans
Vincent Youmans (September 27, 1898 - April 5, 1946) was an American popular composer and Broadway producer.
Vincent Millie Youmans was born in New York City on September 27, 1898, and grew-up on Central Park West on the site where the Mayflower Hotel once stood. His father, a prosperous hat manufacturer, moved the family to upper-class Larchmont, New York. Youmans attended the Trinity School in Mamaroneck, NY and Heathcote Hall in Rye, New York. Originally, his ambition was to become an engineer and he attended Yale for a short time. He dropped out to become a runner for a Wall Street brokerage firm before he was drafted to fight in World War I. He took an interest in the theatre when he produced troop shows for the Navy. After the war, he was a Tin Pan Alley song plugger for the TB Harms Company and then as a rehearsal pianist for famed composer Victor Herbert’s operettas.
No, No, Nanette was the biggest musical-comedy success of the 1920s in both Europe and the USA and his two songs "Tea for Two" and "I Want to Be Happy" are considered standards. From 1927, Youmans also produced his own shows. He had another major success with Hit the Deck! (1927; including ‘Hallelujah’), but his subsequent productions were failures, though many of their songs remain popular. His last contributions to Broadway were some songs for Take a Chance (1932).
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Vladimir Kostenko
Vladimir Kostenko (Ukrainian, Володимир Костенко, Russian, Владимир Костенко) (June 11, 1903 – November 7, 1967) was a Ukrainian-born American ballet dancer primarily remembered for his long association with the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma!.
Kostenko was born on June 11, 1903 near the city of Kiev during the time the Ukraine was under the dominion of the Russian Empire. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1938.
Soon after his arrival, he began performing with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo under the directorship of Léonide Massine. In February 1940, Kostenko married ballerina Maria Dmitrievna Korjinska (1912–1994), a native Muscovite of Yugoslavian descent, while the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo was touring the American West Coast.
Kostenko took over the role of Dream Jud on June 1, 1943, after George Church left the cast of Oklahoma! just two months into the musical's long run. Church had let the show’s producers know, months earlier, that he wanted to leave, but he was persuaded to stay past the show’s Broadway premier. Kostenko continued to play the part of Dream Jud on Broadway for the following six years before reprising the role in London and later in touring productions across America. During the musical’s long run Kostenko also filled in to play the part of Jess and as supervisor of ballet. His wife Maria also joined the cast of Oklahoma for its entire Broadway run and later as one of the postcard dancers.
wn.com/Vladimir_Kostenko -
Ward Morehouse
Ward Morehouse (November 24, 1899 – March 1, 1967) was an American theater critic, newspaper columnist, playwright, and author.
Born in Savannah, Georgia, Ward Morehouse first worked as a reporter for The Savannah Press and The Atlanta Journal. He arrived in New York City in 1919 and wrote for The New York Tribune, and The Herald Tribune. In 1926, he began writing the Broadway After Dark column for the New York Sun. He remained at the Sun for 25 years where he was also a drama critic and roving correspondent. When the Sun stopped publishing in 1950, Morehouse continued writing "Broadway After Dark" until his death, first at the New York World-Telegram and Sun, then for other papers and the General Features Syndicate.
Morehouse, who was best known for his dynamic interviews with theater celebrities, organized his own theater company when he was just a teen-ager. As an adult he wrote three plays of his own: "Miss Quis", which ran for 37 performances at the Henry Miller Theatre in 1937; "Gentlemen of the Press" (1928) which ran for 128 performances and was made into a film in 1929; and "U.S. 90", from 1941.
wn.com/Ward_Morehouse -
William David Brohn
William David Brohn (born March 30, 1933, Flint, Michigan) is an American arranger and orchestrator, best known for his theatre scores of musicals such as Miss Saigon, Ragtime and Wicked. He won the Tony Award for Best Orchestrations for Ragtime and has won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Orchestrations three times.
His work has been eclectic, orchestrating many different styles of music. His modern scores are known for their keyboard writing for the orchestra pit, and their balance between acoustic and synthesised sounds. Brohn is one of the few theatre orchestrators to use the E-bow attachment to the electric guitar, which can be heard in his orchestrations for Wicked and Mary Poppins.[citation needed]
Brohn studied Music Theory at Michigan State University (1955), Composition at the New England Conservatory (1958) and took further education in Tanglewood, Massachusetts and in Salzburg, Austria. He was also mentored by the esteemed arranger Robert Russell Bennett. While a student, he performed on the Contrabass with dance bands, and some of these jazz and pop elements can be seen regularly in his Broadway arrangements.
wn.com/William_David_Brohn -
William Schuman
William Howard Schuman (August 4, 1910 – February 15, 1992) was an American composer and music administrator.
Born in Manhattan in New York City to Samuel and Rachel Schuman, Schuman was named after the twenty-seventh U.S. president, William Howard Taft, although his family preferred to call him Bill. Schuman played the violin and banjo as a child, but his overwhelming passion was baseball. While still in high school, he formed a dance band, "Billy Schuman and his Alamo Society Orchestra", that played local weddings and bar mitzvahs in which Schuman played string bass.
In 1928 he entered New York University's School of Commerce to pursue a business degree, at the same time working for an advertising agency. He also wrote popular songs with E. B. Marks, Jr., a friend he had met long before at summer camp. About then Schuman met lyricist Frank Loesser and wrote some forty songs with him. Loesser's first published song, "In Love with a Memory of You", credits the music to William H. Schuman.
wn.com/William_Schuman
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OKLAHOMA! OK! - Hugh Jackman 1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
The Musical Rodgers & Hammerstein's Oklahoma! (The Royal National Theatre Production 1998)
http://wn.com/OKLAHOMA!_OK!_Hugh_Jackman_1998
The Musical Rodgers & Hammerstein's Oklahoma! (The Royal National Theatre Production 1998)
Sooner's Musical OKLAHOMA! - R&H;'s Oklahoma! 1955
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
from 20th Century Fox Video Oklahoma!
http://wn.com/Sooner's_Musical_OKLAHOMA!_R&H;'s_Oklahoma!_1955
Oklahoma ! Oh What a Beautiful Morning and More (HD 720p)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:49
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Check out my Carousel Video also -- www.youtube.com Four memorable scenes from the 1955 Broadway Musical movie "Oklahoma" which starred Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones. Classic Rodgers and Hammerstein songs "Oh What a Beautiful Morning", "The Surrey With The Fringe on Top", "People Will Say We're In Love", and "Oklahoma !".
http://wn.com/Oklahoma_!_Oh_What_a_Beautiful_Morning_and_More_HD_720p
Check out my Carousel Video also -- www.youtube.com Four memorable scenes from the 1955 Broadway Musical movie "Oklahoma" which starred Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones. Classic Rodgers and Hammerstein songs "Oh What a Beautiful Morning", "The Surrey With The Fringe on Top", "People Will Say We're In Love", and "Oklahoma !".
- published: 25 Feb 2010
- views: 492452
- author: romympanlilio
Oklahoma Sooners Men's Basketball Bedlam Time Lapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
A time lapse of OU's 77-68 win over Oklahoma State on Saturday, Jan. 12, 2013.
http://wn.com/Oklahoma_Sooners_Men's_Basketball_Bedlam_Time_Lapse
A time lapse of OU's 77-68 win over Oklahoma State on Saturday, Jan. 12, 2013.
- published: 13 Jan 2013
- views: 26
- author: soonersportscom
Billy Gilman --- Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Oklahoma By Billy Gilman
http://wn.com/Billy_Gilman_--_Oklahoma
NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder Vs Washington Wizards Highlights 7 January 2013 www.nbacircle.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate with Washington Wizards Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 99-101 Washington Wizards Highlights Monday, January 7, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
http://wn.com/NBA_CIRCLE_Oklahoma_City_Thunder_Vs_Washington_Wizards_Highlights_7_January_2013_wwwnbacirclecom
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate with Washington Wizards Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 99-101 Washington Wizards Highlights Monday, January 7, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 28666
- author: NEWNBACIRCLE
Oklahoma Sooners React to 2013 AT&T; Cotton Bowl Loss
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
The Sooners look ahead to the 2013 season after suffering a tough loss to Texas A&M; in the Cotton Bowl.
http://wn.com/Oklahoma_Sooners_React_to_2013_AT&T;_Cotton_Bowl_Loss
The Sooners look ahead to the 2013 season after suffering a tough loss to Texas A&M; in the Cotton Bowl.
- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 7972
- author: soonersportscom
Cowboys Stadium Welcome -- Fox Sports Texas A&M;, Oklahoma Video -- TAMU Edition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:07
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Fox Sports Game intro for the 77th AT&T; Cotton Bowl Classic
http://wn.com/Cowboys_Stadium_Welcome_-_Fox_Sports_Texas_A&M;,_Oklahoma_Video_-_TAMU_Edition
Fox Sports Game intro for the 77th AT&T; Cotton Bowl Classic
- published: 01 Jan 2013
- views: 73118
- author: TheCottonBowl
Tavon's Night (Tavon Austin vs. Oklahoma 2012 Highlights)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Video Promotional Graphic: i.imgur.com On Nov. 17th 2012 West Virginia's versatile WR/RB/RET Tavon Austin put up arguably the most impressive performance by a single player in NCAA History. Getting his first significant action at running back he ran for 344 yards and 2 Touchdowns, he added 82 receiving yards and 146 kick return yards to give him a total of 572 all purpose yards, good enough for 2nd in the NCAA record books. All this against Oklahoma a team ranked 12th in the Nation at the time.
http://wn.com/Tavon's_Night_Tavon_Austin_vs_Oklahoma_2012_Highlights
Video Promotional Graphic: i.imgur.com On Nov. 17th 2012 West Virginia's versatile WR/RB/RET Tavon Austin put up arguably the most impressive performance by a single player in NCAA History. Getting his first significant action at running back he ran for 344 yards and 2 Touchdowns, he added 82 receiving yards and 146 kick return yards to give him a total of 572 all purpose yards, good enough for 2nd in the NCAA record books. All this against Oklahoma a team ranked 12th in the Nation at the time.
- published: 21 Nov 2012
- views: 124940
- author: dougitydog
Oklahoma Horizon TV Show 1302
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:01
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
This week on Oklahoma Horizon, we visit the cost of American health care.
http://wn.com/Oklahoma_Horizon_TV_Show_1302
This week on Oklahoma Horizon, we visit the cost of American health care.
- published: 11 Jan 2013
- views: 1
- author: OklahomaHorizonTV
NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder Vs Toronto Raptors Highlights 6 January 2013 www.nbacircle.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate with OKC Thunder Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 104-92 Toronto Raptors Highlights Sunday, January 6, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
http://wn.com/NBA_CIRCLE_Oklahoma_City_Thunder_Vs_Toronto_Raptors_Highlights_6_January_2013_wwwnbacirclecom
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate with OKC Thunder Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 104-92 Toronto Raptors Highlights Sunday, January 6, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 18368
- author: NEWNBACIRCLE
Miami Heat vs. Oklahoma City Thunder (Game Recap) December 25, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
1 2 3 4 T OKC 24 24 24 25 97 MIA 27 27 20 29 103 Top Performers Oklahoma City: K. Durant 33 Pts, 7 Reb, 3 Ast Miami: L. James 29 Pts, 8 Reb, 9 Ast, 2 Stl, 1 Blk
http://wn.com/Miami_Heat_vs_Oklahoma_City_Thunder_Game_Recap_December_25,_2012
1 2 3 4 T OKC 24 24 24 25 97 MIA 27 27 20 29 103 Top Performers Oklahoma City: K. Durant 33 Pts, 7 Reb, 3 Ast Miami: L. James 29 Pts, 8 Reb, 9 Ast, 2 Stl, 1 Blk
- published: 26 Dec 2012
- views: 23000
- author: NBA VEVO
Veterans Day Halftime Show - Oklahoma State vs. West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:49
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
The Oklahoma State University Cowboy Marching Band pays tribute to the brave men and women that defend America's freedom with this special 2012 Veterans Day show at halftime of OSU's game against West Virginia. In this memorable performance, the Cowboy Marching Band honored each branch of America's armed forces, in addition to Old Glory.
http://wn.com/Veterans_Day_Halftime_Show_Oklahoma_State_vs_West_Virginia
The Oklahoma State University Cowboy Marching Band pays tribute to the brave men and women that defend America's freedom with this special 2012 Veterans Day show at halftime of OSU's game against West Virginia. In this memorable performance, the Cowboy Marching Band honored each branch of America's armed forces, in addition to Old Glory.
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 17753
- author: OSUathletics
Oklahoma Highlights vs Florida A&M; - 9/08/12 (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:31
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
This is an Oklahoma Sooners highlight video of them playing the Florida A&M; Rattlers on September 8, 2012. This game was played in Norman, Oklahoma. Thank you for watching!
http://wn.com/Oklahoma_Highlights_vs_Florida_A&M;_9_08_12_HD
This is an Oklahoma Sooners highlight video of them playing the Florida A&M; Rattlers on September 8, 2012. This game was played in Norman, Oklahoma. Thank you for watching!
- published: 09 Sep 2012
- views: 20959
- author: HolaKyle
2013 AT&T; Cotton Bowl: Texas A&M; vs Oklahoma Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Texas A&M; dominates Oklahoma in the 2013 Cotton Bowl. Own Full Games in Digital, DVD, or Blu-ray, only at SECOnDemand.com! Direct Link: www.secdigitalnetwork.com
http://wn.com/2013_AT&T;_Cotton_Bowl_Texas_A&M;_vs_Oklahoma_Highlights
Texas A&M; dominates Oklahoma in the 2013 Cotton Bowl. Own Full Games in Digital, DVD, or Blu-ray, only at SECOnDemand.com! Direct Link: www.secdigitalnetwork.com
- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 36293
- author: SECDigitalNetwork
Video Vigilante interviewed regarding child prostitution in Oklahoma City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
6/5/2012 - OKC, OK -- JohnTV.com's own Video Vigilante Brian Bates is interviewed by KWTV News9 regarding child street prostitution in Oklahoma City. This newscast contains footage of a 15-year-old trafficking victim on South Robinson Ave. in south OKC.
http://wn.com/Video_Vigilante_interviewed_regarding_child_prostitution_in_Oklahoma_City
6/5/2012 - OKC, OK -- JohnTV.com's own Video Vigilante Brian Bates is interviewed by KWTV News9 regarding child street prostitution in Oklahoma City. This newscast contains footage of a 15-year-old trafficking victim on South Robinson Ave. in south OKC.
- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 5909
- author: videovigilanteokc
Booms & Houses shaking reported in Oklahoma, South Carolina & Alaska within a day of each other!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Here are the links Oklahoma: kfor.com South Carolina: www.wistv.com Alaska: www.ktuu.com Earth Booms in 7 states back in December: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Booms_Houses_shaking_reported_in_Oklahoma,_South_Carolina_Alaska_within_a_day_of_each_other!
Here are the links Oklahoma: kfor.com South Carolina: www.wistv.com Alaska: www.ktuu.com Earth Booms in 7 states back in December: www.youtube.com
- published: 06 Jan 2013
- views: 5824
- author: TheUnitedKnowledge
NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder Vs LA Lakers Highlights 11 January 2013 www.nbacircle.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate to NBA Fans Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 116-101 LA Lakers Highlights Friday, January 11, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
http://wn.com/NBA_CIRCLE_Oklahoma_City_Thunder_Vs_LA_Lakers_Highlights_11_January_2013_wwwnbacirclecom
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate to NBA Fans Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 116-101 LA Lakers Highlights Friday, January 11, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
- published: 12 Jan 2013
- views: 27807
- author: NEWNBACIRCLE
Texas A&M; vs Oklahoma Cotton Bowl 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:30
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
The 9th-ranked Texas A&M; Aggies defeat the 11th-ranked Oklahoma Sooners in the 2013 AT&T; Cotton Bowl. Johnny Football was amazing, setting a Cotton Bowl record with 516 total yards. (All audio and video content is owned by Fox Sports)
http://wn.com/Texas_A&M;_vs_Oklahoma_Cotton_Bowl_2013
The 9th-ranked Texas A&M; Aggies defeat the 11th-ranked Oklahoma Sooners in the 2013 AT&T; Cotton Bowl. Johnny Football was amazing, setting a Cotton Bowl record with 516 total yards. (All audio and video content is owned by Fox Sports)
- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 9619
- author: WoodlandsAggie
NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder Vs Minnesota Timberwolves Highlights 20 December 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate with Timberwolves Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 93-99 Minnesota Timberwolves Highlights Thursday, December 20, 2012 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
http://wn.com/NBA_CIRCLE_Oklahoma_City_Thunder_Vs_Minnesota_Timberwolves_Highlights_20_December_2012
www.nbacircle.com Celebrate with Timberwolves Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 93-99 Minnesota Timberwolves Highlights Thursday, December 20, 2012 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 39562
- author: NEWNBACIRCLE
NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder Vs Miami Heat Highlights 25 December 2012 www.nbacircle.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
www.nbacircle.com NBA Christmas Gifts 2012 Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 97-103 Miami Heat Highlights Tuesday, December 25, 2012 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
http://wn.com/NBA_CIRCLE_Oklahoma_City_Thunder_Vs_Miami_Heat_Highlights_25_December_2012_wwwnbacirclecom
www.nbacircle.com NBA Christmas Gifts 2012 Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Oklahoma City Thunder 97-103 Miami Heat Highlights Tuesday, December 25, 2012 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
- published: 26 Dec 2012
- views: 55171
- author: NEWNBACIRCLE
NBA CIRCLE - Minnesota Timberwolves Vs Oklahoma City Thunder Highlights 9 January 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
www.nbacircle.com NBA Fans Exclusive Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Minnesota Timberwolves 84-106 Oklahoma City Thunder Highlights Wednesday, January 9, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
http://wn.com/NBA_CIRCLE_Minnesota_Timberwolves_Vs_Oklahoma_City_Thunder_Highlights_9_January_2013
www.nbacircle.com NBA Fans Exclusive Get a Free NBA Jersey! NBA CIRCLE - Minnesota Timberwolves 84-106 Oklahoma City Thunder Highlights Wednesday, January 9, 2013 NBA 2013 Regular Season Highlight
- published: 10 Jan 2013
- views: 15905
- author: NEWNBACIRCLE
2012 Notre Dame vs. Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 153:48
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/2012_Notre_Dame_vs_Oklahoma
photo: AP / Mohamed Sheikh Nor
12 Jan 2013
Helicopter raid fails to rescue agent 'Denis Allex' from Islamist group al-Shabaab, as French combat pilot killed in Mali. French secret service hostage 'Denis Allex' pictured in Somalia in October 2012. Photograph. SITE Monitoring Service/AFP/Getty Images. A French hostage and two French soldiers have been killed during a failed secret service rescue mission in Somalia ... The group said it had also captured a wounded French commando ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
photo: AP / Alexandre Meneghini
10 Jan 2013
Mexican has enacted a law that will ensure that the victims and relatives of crime are compensated with payments and social services from the state. The law, enacted by President Enrique Pena Nieto on Wednesday, comprises the creation of a fund to pay relatives up to $70,000 in compensation for an innocent victim killed in attacks by drug gangs ... “There are thousands of people who have suffered the ravages of violence ... Share ... ....(size: 18.3Kb)
photo: AP / Jacques Brinon
10 Jan 2013
PARIS. Three Kurdish women, including one of the founders of a militant group battling Turkish troops since 1984, were "executed" at a Kurdish center in Paris, the interior minister said on Thursday. Turkey's Anadolu news agency identified one of the victims as Sakine Cansiz, a founding member of the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK ... He called it a "totally intolerable act." ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: WN / Bhaskar Mallick
10 Jan 2013
As much as half of the world's food, amounting to two billion tonnes worth, ends up being thrown away, a UK-based report has claimed. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers said the waste was being caused by poor storage, strict sell-by dates, bulk offers and consumer fussiness. The study also found that up to 30% of vegetables in the UK were not harvested because of their physical appearance ... 'Waste of resources' ... Dr Fox said ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Arshad Butt
11 Jan 2013
QUETTA, Pakistan -- A series of bombings killed 115 people in Pakistan yesterday, including 81 who died in a sectarian attack on a billiard hall in the southwest city of Quetta, officials said. The blasts punctuated one of the deadliest days in recent years in Pakistan, where the government faces a bloody insurgency by militants in the northwest and Baluch militants in the southwest ... No group claimed responsibility for the attack.. . .....(size: 7.7Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
2 Oklahoma State wrestling team (7-0) will take on No ... The University of Oklahoma Women play the Texas Tech Lady Raiders... The Sooner men defeated the Oklahoma State Cowboys 77-68 in the... Photos from the Oklahoma City Thunder's victory over the Minnesota... Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder....(size: 6.7Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
ANADARKO — An Anadarko man was found dead after his sport utility vehicle left the road, hit a ditch and then a fence before stopping in a field, the Oklahoma Highway Patrol reported. ... See photos from the class conducted by Oklahoma City Ballet on... Car hits nursing home in northeast Oklahoma City ... Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder....(size: 6.5Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
After halting a two-game skid to start conference play with a dominating victory against Kansas, Oklahoma State next faces a Texas squad that is, frankly, desperate ... Photos from the Oklahoma City Thunder's victory over the Minnesota... View pictures from the women's basketball game between Oklahoma... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma City Thunder....(size: 8.4Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
NORMAN — Oklahoma junior guard Aaryn Ellenberg led all scorers with 26 points, senior Joanna McFarland recorded another double-double and the Sooners remained unbeaten in Big 12 Conference play by beating Texas Tech 65-55 Saturday at Lloyd Noble Center ... The University of Oklahoma Women play the Texas Tech Lady Raiders... The Sooner men defeated the Oklahoma State Cowboys 77-68 in the... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder....(size: 8.3Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
NORMAN — With 3.59 left to play Saturday, Oklahoma State's Marcus Smart sat in the lane, having just been shouldered to the floor by Oklahoma's Amath M'Baye.. Sooner's Isaiah Cousins (11) tries to steal the ball from Cowboy's Marcus Smart (33) as the University of Oklahoma Sooners (OU) play the Oklahoma State Cowboys (OSU) in NCAA, men's college basketball at The Lloyd Noble Center on Saturday, Jan ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills....(size: 9.8Kb)
The Examiner
13 Jan 2013
TEMPE, Ariz.- The Arizona State gymnastics team opened its 2013 season with a 196.7-193.625 defeat to No. 4 Oklahoma Saturday, with some big performances from its new faces. “I am so proud of the freshmen,” ASU coach John Spini said ... I thought we did better than what some of the results showed.” ... Oklahoma’s Erica Brewer led all scorers with a 9.925 on the beam and also had a high-tying 9.825 on the bars ... They’re just clean and they hit ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
The Sooner men defeated the Oklahoma State Cowboys 77-68 in the... Photos from the Oklahoma City Thunder's victory over the Minnesota... View pictures from the women's basketball game between Oklahoma... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... Oklahoma City Thunder notebook....(size: 6.7Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
The University of Oklahoma Women play the Texas Tech Lady Raiders... The Sooner men defeated the Oklahoma State Cowboys 77-68 in the... Photos from the Oklahoma City Thunder's victory over the Minnesota... Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... Sooners pull away for 77-68 win over Oklahoma State ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder....(size: 8.5Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... X More in life Oklahoma City-area breweries try hand at online fundraising ... Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... Oklahoma City Thunder notebook ... Possibility for snow, sleet, freezing rain in central Oklahoma....(size: 6.7Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... X More in life Oklahoma City-area breweries try hand at online fundraising ... Oklahoma Natural Gas workers investigated a leak for about an hour before explosion ... Oklahoma's Kenny Stills ... Oklahoma City Thunder ... Oklahoma City Thunder notebook ... Possibility for snow, sleet, freezing rain in central Oklahoma....(size: 7.2Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Jan 2013
The University of Oklahoma Women play the Texas Tech Lady Raiders... The Sooner men defeated the Oklahoma State Cowboys 77-68 in the... Photos from the Oklahoma City Thunder's victory over the Minnesota... While he detoured through a brief accounting career, John returned to college (Central Oklahoma) for a second degree and a second career that has seen him cover everything from the preps to the pros at The Oklahoman....(size: 10.9Kb)
my SA
13 Jan 2013
With national signing day looming Feb ... Ht ... Vincent Taylor DT 6-3 280 Madison Oklahoma State 2 ... Jordan Sterns DB 6-0 195 Steele Oklahoma State 6 ... Tre Flowers DB 6-3 180 Judson Oklahoma State 8 ... Ranch Oklahoma 14 ... Heritage Oklahoma 15 ... Kerrick Huggins DT 6-4 283 Dallas Skyline Oklahoma 22 ... Fred Ross WR 6-1 200 Tyler John Tyler Oklahoma St ... Ra’Shaad Samples WR 6-0 170 Dallas Skyline Oklahoma St ... Marcell Ateman WR 6-4 189 Wylie East Oklahoma St....(size: 4.6Kb)
Tulsa World
13 Jan 2013
NORMAN - The tweet was sent by James Fraschilla Saturday morning, the Oklahoma reserve using social media to speak for his team. "Gotta make a statement and take a big step in achieving our goals.". The Sooners won't know about their NCAA Tournament goals for several weeks, of course. But the step taken several hours later in a 77-68 victory over Oklahoma State seemed big ... Oklahoma State chopped it down to 38-29 by the break ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation).
| Oklahoma! | |
|---|---|
| 215px Original Broadway Cast Album |
|
| Music | Richard Rodgers |
| Lyrics | Oscar Hammerstein II |
| Book | Oscar Hammerstein II |
| Basis | Lynn Riggs' play Green Grow the Lilacs |
| Productions | 1943 Broadway 1947 West End 1951 Broadway revival 1955 Film 1979 Broadway revival 1980 West End revival 1998 West End revival 2002 Broadway revival 2010 UK Tour |
| Awards | 1993 Special Tony Award (50th Anniversary) |
Oklahoma! is the first musical written by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and librettist Oscar Hammerstein II. The musical is based on Lynn Riggs' 1931 play, Green Grow the Lilacs. Set in Oklahoma Territory outside the town of Claremore in 1906, it tells the story of cowboy Curly McLain and his romance with farm girl Laurey Williams. A secondary romance concerns cowboy Will Parker and his flirtatious fiancée, Ado Annie.
The original Broadway production opened on March 31, 1943. It was a box-office smash and ran for an unprecedented 2,243 performances, later enjoying award-winning revivals, national tours, foreign productions and an Academy Award-winning 1955 film adaptation. It has long been a popular choice for school and community productions.[1]
This musical, building on the innovations of the earlier Show Boat, epitomized the development of the "book musical", a musical play where the songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story with serious dramatic goals that are able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter.[2] In addition, Oklahoma! features musical themes, or motifs, that recur throughout the work to connect the music and story.[3][page needed][4] A fifteen-minute "dream ballet" reflected Laurey's struggle to choose between two men. A special Pulitzer Prize was awarded to Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II for Oklahoma! in the category of "Special Awards And Citations – Letters" in 1944.[5]
Contents |
Background[link]
By the early 1940s, Rodgers and Hammerstein were each well known for creating Broadway hits with other collaborators. Rodgers, with Lorenz Hart, had produced over two dozen musicals since the 1920s, including such popular successes as Babes in Arms (1937), The Boys from Syracuse (1938) and Pal Joey (1940).[6] Among other successes, Hammerstein had written the words for Rose-Marie (1924), The Desert Song (1926), The New Moon (1927) and Show Boat (1927). Though less productive in the 1930s, he wrote musicals, songs and films, sharing an Academy Award for his song with Jerome Kern, "The Last Time I Saw Paris", which was included in the 1941 film Lady Be Good.[7] By the early 1940s, Hart had sunk into alcoholism and emotional turmoil, and he became unreliable, prompting Rodgers to approach Hammerstein to ask if he would consider working with him.[8]
In 1931, the Theatre Guild produced Lynn Riggs's Green Grow the Lilacs, a play about settlers in Oklahoma's Indian Territory. Though the play was not successful, ten years later in 1941, Theresa Helburn, one of the Guild's producers, saw a summer-stock production supplemented with traditional folk songs and square dances and decided the play could be the basis of a musical that might revive the struggling Guild. She contacted Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, whose first successful collaboration, The Garrick Gaieties, had been produced by the Theatre Guild in 1925. Rodgers wanted to work on the project and obtained the rights for himself and Hart. Rodgers had asked Oscar Hammerstein II to collaborate with him and Hart. During the tryouts of Rodgers and Hart's Best Foot Forward in 1941, Hammerstein had assured Rodgers that if Hart was ever unable to work, he would be willing to take his place.[9] Coincidentally in 1942, Hammerstein had thought of musicalizing Green Grow the Lilacs, but when he had approached Jerome Kern about it, the latter declined. Hammerstein found out that Rodgers was seeking someone to write the book, and he eagerly took the opportunity. Hart lost interest in the musical; he preferred contemporary, urbane shows that would showcase his witty lyric-writing, and he found the farmers and cowhands in Green Grow the Lilacs corny and uninspiring. Moreover, spiraling downward, consumed by his longstanding alcoholism, Hart no longer felt like writing. He embarked on a vacation to Mexico, advising Rodgers that Hammerstein would be a good choice of a new collaborator.[10][11]
This partnership allowed both Rodgers and Hammerstein to follow their preferred writing methods: Hammerstein preferred to write a complete lyric before it was set to music, and Rodgers preferred to set completed lyrics to music. In Rodgers's previous collaborations with Hart, Rodgers had always written the music first, since the unfocused Hart needed something on which to base his lyrics. Hammerstein's previous collaborators included composers Rudolf Friml, Herbert Stothart, Vincent Youmans, and Kern, who all wrote music first, for which Hammerstein then wrote lyrics. The role reversal in the Rodgers and Hammerstein partnership permitted Hammerstein to craft the lyrics into a fundamental part of the story so that the songs could amplify and intensify the story instead of diverting it.[9] As Rodgers and Hammerstein began developing the new musical, they agreed that their musical and dramatic choices would be dictated by the source material, Green Grow the Lilacs, not by musical comedy conventions.[10] Musicals of that era featured big production numbers, novelty acts, and show-stopping specialty dances; the libretti typically focused on humor, with little dramatic development, punctuated with songs that effectively halted the story for their duration.[12]
Between the world wars, roles in musicals were usually filled by actors who could sing, but Rodgers and Hammerstein chose the reverse, casting singers who could act. Though Theresa Helburn, codirector of the Theatre Guild, suggested Shirley Temple as Laurey and Groucho Marx as Ali Hakim, Rodgers and Hammerstein, with director Rouben Mammoulian's support, insisted that performers more dramatically appropriate for the roles be cast. As a result of this decision, there were no stars in the production, another unusual step.[9] The production was choreographed by Agnes de Mille (her first time choreographing a musical on Broadway), who provided one of the show's most notable and enduring features: a 15-minute first-act ballet finale (often referred to as the dream ballet) depicting Laurey's struggle to evaluate her suitors, Jud and Curly.[12]
The first title given to the work was Away We Go! which opened for out-of-town-tryouts in New Haven's Shubert Theatre on March 11, 1943.[13] Expectations for the show were low; Hammerstein had written six flops in a row, and the show had no star power. Producer Mike Todd walked out after the first act during the tryout and wisecracked “No legs, no jokes, no chance.”[11] But Rodgers and Hammerstein were confident. The New Haven audiences and then Boston critics were enthusiastic. Only a few changes were made before it opened on Broadway, but two would prove significant: the addition of the show-stopping musical number, Oklahoma! and the decision to retitle the musical after that number.
Todd had been wrong, the show opened to raves from the critics, sold out and won a special Pulitzer Prize. Brooks Atkinson wrote in The New York Times that the show's opening number, "Oh, What a Beautiful Morning" changed the history of musical theater: “After a verse like that, sung to a buoyant melody, the banalities of the old musical stage became intolerable."[11] The New York Post was the only major paper to give Oklahoma! a mixed review. Its critic felt that while the songs were pleasant enough, they sounded much alike.[14] The show's creativity stimulated Rodgers and Hammerstein's contemporaries and ushered in the "Golden Age" of American musical theatre.[11]
Plot[link]
Act I[link]
In Oklahoma territory in 1906, cowboy Curly McLain looks forward to the beautiful day ahead as he wanders into farm girl Laurey Williams's yard ("Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'"). He and Laurey tease each other, while Laurey's Aunt Eller looks on. There will be a box social dance that night, which includes an auction of lunch baskets prepared by the local girls to raise funds for a schoolhouse. The man who wins each lunch basket will eat the lunch with the girl who prepared it. Curly asks Laurey to go with him, but she refuses, feeling that Curly had waited too long. He attempts to persuade her by telling her that he will take her in the finest carriage money can buy ("The Surrey With The Fringe On Top"), but she teases him about it until he says he made it up to get back at her, and Laurey flounces off, not realizing that Curly really has rented such a rig.
The lonely, disturbed farm hand Jud Fry has become obsessed with Laurey and asks her to the dance. She accepts to spite Curly, although she is afraid of Jud. Meanwhile, cowboy Will Parker returns bedazzled and souvenir-laden from a trip to modern Kansas City ("Kansas City"). He won $50 at the fair, which, according to his girlfriend Ado Annie's father, Andrew Carnes, is the money he needs to marry Ado Annie. Unfortunately, he spent all the money on gifts for her. Will also purchased a "Little Wonder" (a metal tube used for looking at pictures, but with a hidden blade inside) for Ado Annie's father, unaware of its deadly secret. Later, Ado Annie confesses to Laurey that while Will has been away, she has been spending a lot of time with Ali Hakim, a Persian peddler. Laurey tells her she'll have to choose between them, but Ado Annie insists she loves them both ("I Cain't Say No"). Laurey and her friends prepare for the social, while Gertie Cummings flirts with Curly (her obnoxious laugh floating in to taunt Laurey). Laurey tells her friends that she doesn't really care about Curly ("Many a New Day").
Andrew Carnes discovers Annie with Ali Hakim. After questioning Ado Annie about their relationship, he forces Hakim at gunpoint to agree to marry her. Hakim and the other men lament the unfairness of the situation ("It's a Scandal! It's a Outrage!"). Curly discovers that Laurey is going to the box social with Jud and tries to convince her to go with him instead. Afraid to tell Jud she won't go with him, Laurey tries to convince Curly (and herself) that she does not love him ("People Will Say We're in Love"). Hurt by her refusal, Curly goes to the smokehouse where Jud lives to talk with him. Curly suggests that since Jud does not feel appreciated, he could hang himself, and everyone would realize how much they care about him ("Pore Jud is Daid"). Their talk turns into an ominous confrontation about Laurey. After Curly leaves, Jud's resolve to win Laurey becomes even stronger, and he vows to make her his bride ("Lonely Room").
Confused by her feelings for Curly and her fear of Jud, Laurey purchases a "magic potion" (really a bottle of smelling salts) from Ali Hakim, which the unscrupulous peddler guarantees will reveal her true love. She muses on leaving her dreams of love behind and joining the man she loves ("Out of My Dreams"), then falls asleep under the influence of the laudanum ("Dream Sequence"). In an extended dream ballet sequence, Laurey first dreams of what marriage to Curly would be like. Her dream takes a nightmarish turn when Jud appears and kills Curly. She cannot escape him, confused by her desires. The dream makes her realize that Curly is the right man for her, but it is too late to change her mind about going to the dance with Jud; he has come for her, and they leave for the box social.
Act II[link]
At the social, during an upbeat square dance ("The Farmer and the Cowman"), the rivalry between the local farmers and cowboys over fences and water rights has led to fighting, which Aunt Eller ends by firing a gun to silence everyone.[15] Laurey is upset when she sees Curly at the dance with Gertie. In an effort to rid himself of Ado Annie, Ali Hakim buys Will's souvenirs from Kansas City for $50. Jud also contributes to this by purchasing Will's Little Wonder, knowing of the blade concealed within it. The auction starts and Will bids $50 on Ado Annie's basket, not realizing that without the $50, he would no longer have the money her father insisted he needs to "purchase" marriage with her. Desperate to be rid of Ado Annie, the peddler bids $51 to get the basket so that Will can approach Andrew Carnes with the $50 and claim Ado Annie as his bride. The auction becomes much more serious when Laurey's basket comes up for auction. Jud has saved all his money so he can win Laurey's basket. Various men bid, trying to protect Laurey, but Jud outbids them all. Curly and Jud engage in a ferocious bidding war, and Curly sells all his prized possessions to raise money: his saddle, his horse, and even his gun; without these, Curly can no longer be a cowboy and will have to become a farmer. Curly outbids Jud and wins the basket. Jud discretely tries to kill Curly with the Little Wonder, but his plan is foiled when Aunt Eller (knowing what is happening) loudly asks Curly for a dance. Later that night, Will and Annie work out their differences, as she reluctantly agrees not to flirt with other men ("All Er Nuthin'").
Jud confronts Laurey about his feelings for her. When she admits that she does not return them, he threatens her. She then fires him as her farm hand, screaming at him to get off her property. Jud furiously threatens Laurey before he departs; Laurey bursts into tears and calls for Curly. She tells him that she has fired Jud and is frightened by what Jud might do now. Curly, seeing that she has turned to him for guidance and safety, reassures her and proposes to her, and she accepts ("People Will Say We're In Love (Reprise)"). He then realizes that he must now become a farmer. Afterwards, Ali Hakim decides to leave the territory and bids Ado Annie goodbye after telling her Will is the man she should marry.
Three weeks later, Laurey and Curly are married and everyone rejoices in celebration of the territory's impending statehood ("Oklahoma!"). During the celebration, Ali Hakim returns with his new wife, Gertie, whom he unwillingly married after being threatened by her father with a shotgun. A drunken Jud reappears and attacks Curly with a knife. As Curly dodges a blow, Jud falls on his own knife and soon dies. The wedding guests hold a makeshift trial for Curly, at Aunt Eller's urging, as the couple is due to leave for their honeymoon. The judge, Andrew Carnes, declares the verdict: "not guilty!" Curly and Laurey depart on their honeymoon in the surrey with the fringe on top ("Finale Ultimo").
Principal roles and notable performers[link]
| Character | Description | Notable stage performers |
|---|---|---|
| Curly McLain | A cowboy in love with Laurey | Alfred Drake°, Harry Stockwell, Howard Keel, Hugh Jackman, Patrick Wilson, Laurence Guittard, Lance Smith |
| Laurey Williams | Aunt Eller's niece, an independent young woman | Joan Roberts°, Christine Andreas, Leila Benn Harris, Josefina Gabrielle, Florence Henderson, Lucy Durack |
| Jud Fry | A hired hand on Aunt Eller's ranch, a mysterious and dangerous loner | Howard Da Silva°, Shuler Hensley, Alfred Molina |
| Aunt Eller | Laurey's aunt, a respected community leader | Betty Garde°, Mary Wickes, Andrea Martin, Patty Duke, Margaret Hamilton, Maureen Lipman, Louise Plowright |
| Ado Annie Carnes | A flirtatious, gullible young woman | Celeste Holm°, Shelley Winters, Barbara Cook, Christine Ebersole, Jessica Boevers, Amanda Harrison |
| Will Parker | A simple young man in love with Ado Annie | Lee Dixon°, Harry Groener |
| Andrew Carnes | Ado Annie's father, eager to have her marry | Ralph Riggs° |
| Ali Hakim | A Persian peddler, enamored of Ado Annie | Joseph Buloff°, Eddie Albert, Peter Polycarpou, Bruce Adler, Jamie Farr, Aasif Mandvi |
| Gertie Cummings | A local farm girl, fond of Curly, marries Ali Hakim | Jane Lawrence°, Pamela Britton |
° denotes original Broadway cast
Musical numbers[link]
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Production history[link]
Original Broadway[link]
The original Broadway production opened on March 31, 1943 at the St. James Theatre in New York City. It was directed by Rouben Mamoulian and choreographed by Agnes de Mille. It starred Alfred Drake (Curly), Joan Roberts (Laurey), Celeste Holm (Ado Annie), Howard Da Silva (Jud Fry), Betty Garde (Aunt Eller), Lee Dixon (Will Parker), Joseph Bulloff (Ali Hakim), Jane Lawrence (Gertie) and Barry Kelley (Ike). Marc Platt danced the role of "Dream Curly", Katharine Sergava danced the part of "Dream Laurey" and the small dancing part of Aggie was played by Bambi Linn. George Church danced the part of "Dream Jud" but was replaced by Vladimir Kostenko only two months after the premiere.
The production ran for 2,243 performances, finally closing on May 29, 1948.[16] "The demand for tickets was unprecedented as the show became more popular in the months that followed" the opening.[17] Oklahoma! ran for over five years, a Broadway record that "would not be bested until My Fair Lady (1956)."[17] A year and a half after the Broadway opening, the "first of several" national tours began in New Haven, Connecticut. "Productions of 'Oklahoma!' would remain on the road in the United States and Canada" through 1954. A 1953 article in The New York Times reported that the show "not only holds the record for the longest run of a musical on Broadway but is believed to be the only musical to have enjoyed a consecutive run of ten years. It ran on Broadway for five years and two months, grossing $7,000,000. The tour of the national company, which started late in 1943, has grossed $15,000,000."[18] The Tony Awards and other awards now given for achievement in musical theatre were not in existence in 1943, and therefore the original production of Oklahoma! received no theatrical awards.
The United Service Organizations sponsored a tour to U.S. military bases in 1945 that lasted for many years.[19][20] The New York Times reported: "The tenth anniversary of the Broadway opening of Oklahoma! will be celebrated in Washington, where the Theatre Guild's touring company of the phenomenal musical will be playing at that time. ... According to a Guild estimate, 'upwards of 20,000,000 people thus far have seen the show in the United States, England, Sweden, Denmark, South Africa, Australia and through a special company that toured the U.S.O. Camp Shows circuit during the war'."[21]
Original West End[link]
Oklahoma! was the first of a post-war wave of Broadway musicals to reach London's West End. It starred Howard Keel (then known as Harold Keel), opening at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on April 30, 1947 to rave press reviews and sellout houses, running for 1,543 performances.[22] A pre-London run opened a day late at the Manchester Opera House on April 18, 1947, after the ship carrying the cast, scenery, and costumes ran aground on a sandbank off Southampton.[23]
1951 Broadway revival[link]
A 1951 revival produced by the Theatre Guild opened at The Broadway Theatre on May 9, 1951, and ran for 100 performances. Ridge Bond played Curly, Patricia Northrop played Laurey, Henry Clarke was Jud, and Jacqueline Sundt played Ado Annie. Mamoulian and de Mille returned to direct and choreograph, and the production was restaged by Jerome Whyte.[24] In 1953, a 10th anniversary revival opened on August 31 at the New York City Center Theatre. It ran for a limited engagement of 40 performances before going on tour. The cast included Florence Henderson as Laurey, Ridge Bond as Curly and Barbara Cook as Annie. Mamoulian and De Mille directed and choreographed.[25][26]
1979 Broadway revival[link]
A 1979 revival played at the Palace Theatre on Broadway, with nine previews beginning on December 6, 1979. The show opened on December 13, 1979 and closed on August 24, 1980, running for 293 performances. William Hammerstein (Oscar's son) directed, and Gemze de Lappe recreated Agnes De Mille's choreography. The show starred Christine Andreas as Laurey, Laurence Guittard as Curly, Mary Wickes as Aunt Eller, Christine Ebersole as Ado Annie, Martin Vidnovic as Jud Fry, Harry Groener as Will Parker and Bruce Adler as Ali Hakim.[27] The show's original music director returned for the production. Andreas and Groener both received Tony Award nominations for their performances, and Vidnovic won a Drama Desk Award. This production started as a cross-country national tour, beginning at the Pantages Theater in Los Angeles on May 1, 1979.[28]
1980 West End revival[link]
The following year, William Hammerstein revived his 1979 Broadway staging in England with a new production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in 1980. A UK tour followed, produced by Emile Littler and Cameron Mackintosh. It eventually settled in the West End, opening at the Palace Theatre, London, on September 17, 1980, and running until September 19, 1981.[29] This production starred John Diedrich as Curly and Alfred Molina as Jud Fry. John Owen Edwards acted as Musical Director/Supervisor for this production. He would later reprise his work for Mackintosh's 1998 London revival. A cast recording of this production was issued by JAY Records and on the Showtime! label.[30] Both Diedrich and Molina received Olivier Award nominations.[31]
1998 West End revival[link]
File:Oklahoma! (London Stage Revival) .jpeg
Hugh Jackman on the cover of the DVD of the London revival
A new production of the musical was presented by the National Theatre in London at the Olivier Theatre, opening on July 15, 1998. The production team included Trevor Nunn (director), Susan Stroman (choreographer), John Owen Edwards (musical director) and William David Brohn (orchestrator). This production received numerous Olivier Award nominations, with Hensley winning the award for Best Supporting Actor in a Musical.[32] According to the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, the limited engagement was a sell-out and broke all previous box office records,[33] and so the show was transferred to the Lyceum Theatre in the West End for a six-month run.[34] Plans to transfer to Broadway with the London cast were thwarted by Actors' Equity, which insisted that American actors must be cast.[35][36] Eventually a U.S. cast was selected.[37]
Music supervisor John Owen Edwards, orchestrator William David Brohn and dance arranger David Krane adapted Robert Russell Bennett's original orchestrations and extended some of the dance sequences. A brand new Dream Ballet was composed for Susan Stroman's new choreography and the dances to "Kansas City", "Many a New Day" and "The Farmer and the Cowman" were all radically redesigned. The overture to the show was also altered, at the request of director Trevor Nunn. The international cast included Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley as Jud Fry, Vicki Simon as Ado Annie, Peter Polycarpou as Ali Hakim and Jimmy Johnston as Will Parker.[34] This production was filmed and issued on DVD, as well as being broadcast on U.S. Public Television in November 2003.[38]
2002 Broadway revival[link]
The London production was repeated on Broadway at the George Gershwin Theatre on March 21, 2002, with direction by Nunn. The production closed on February 23, 2003 after 388 performances. Only two of the London cast, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey and Shuler Hensley as Jud, were in the production, which also featured Patrick Wilson as Curly and Andrea Martin as Aunt Eller. It was nominated for seven Tony Awards, including Best Revival of a Musical, Best Featured Actress in a Musical and Best Featured Actor in a Musical (which was awarded to Hensley). The musical was also nominated for nine Drama Desk Awards, with Hensley winning as Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical and Susan Stroman winning for choreography.
Ben Brantley wrote in The New York Times: "At its best, which is usually when it's dancing, this resurrection of Rodgers and Hammerstein's epochal show is dewy with an adolescent lustiness, both carnal and naive, exuberant and confused." The review stated that "Anthony Ward's harmoniously curved set, in which the sky seems to stretch into eternity, again pulses with the promise of a land on the verge of transformation."[39] The New York Daily News review commented that "Visually, this one is stunning – at times, Anthony Ward's sets have a pastoral, idyllic quality, like Thomas Hart Benton's paintings. At other times, especially in lighting designer David Hersey's lustrous palette, they convey the bleakness of the frontier." The review also stated that the Royal National Theatre "brought it back to us in a way that makes it seem fresh and vital."[40] However, USA Today gave the production a tepid assessment, its reviewer writing that "A cold breeze blows through this beautiful mornin', and that golden haze is never quite bright enough."[41] The production went on to tour nationally from 2003–2006.[42]
Other productions[link]
- Discoveryland
Oklahoma! is presented nightly except Sundays each summer at the Discoveryland amphitheater, an outdoor theatre near Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1993, Mary Rodgers (daughter of Richard Rodgers) and William Hammerstein (son of Oscar Hammerstein II) designated Discoveryland the "National Home of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma!" The production debuted in 1977.[43]
- 2006 Japan
In 2006, Oklahoma! was performed in Japan by the all-female Takarazuka Revue. This revival starred Yuu Todoroki, Ai Shirosaki, and Hiromu Kiriya.[44]
- 2009 Chichester Theatre Festival
In the summer of 2009, British director John Doyle directed the musical at the Chichester Festival Theatre. The production was dark in concept and featured new orchestrations by Jonathan Tunick. On a spare stage, decorated only with blue sheets, "Confetti of rose petals stains the floor like drops of blood, and a nightmarish dream-dance sequence has Freudian overtones as Laurey's bridal gown becomes her shroud."[45][46] It received mixed reviews. The Times reviewer wrote: "This is a very stylised, overdrilled production, no friend of intimate moments or quiet depth of emotion."[47] The Guardian liked it the most, stating that "it's a delight, with one brilliant tippy-tappy-toed song after another and a nugget of darkness lodged in its sweet heart."[45] Whats On Stage, like most of the papers, gave the show three out of five stars and wrote that this is a "downbeat vision" and that "all told it's a somewhat disappointing show", but their "average reader rating" was four stars.[48] A review in The Telegraph commented, "Doyle uses shadow and silhouette to bring out the musical's nightmarish aspects but doesn't over-labour them. There are enough sunny spots – no more so than in Act 2's rousing title song – to keep the tone evenly textured."[46]
- 2010 UK tour
The show toured England for nine months in 2010 in a new staging by Julian Woolford, with Marti Webb as Aunt Eller and Mark Evans as Curly.[49]
- 2010 Washington, DC Arena Stage
Oklahoma! opened on October 23, 2010 at the Arena Stage to critical acclaim,[50][51] inaugurating the redesigned Fichandler "theater in the round" stage, in the newly renovated Arena Stage complex.[50] Artistic Director Molly Smith cast African-American actresses as Laurey and Aunt Eller to mirror both modern Washington, D.C. demographics and the diverse population of the musical's 1906 Oklahoma territory setting.[52] The production received ten 2011 Helen Hayes Award nominations in the resident division, winning as Outstanding Resident Musical (tying with Shakespeare Theatre's Candide) and for choreography (Parker Esse), lead actor (Nicholas Rodriguez as Curly) and musical direction (George Fulginiti-Shakar).[53] The production returned to the Arena Stage for a second run on July 8, 2011.[54]
- 2012, Seattle, Washington, 5th Avenue Theater
The 5th Avenue Theatre's early 2012 production, directed by Peter Rothstein and choreographed by Donald Byrd, included African-American dancers, and cast an African-American actor as Jud.[55] This choice was intended, as in the Arena Stage production, to reflect the historical presence of African Americans in the Oklahoma territory, but it "has some audience members squirming in their seats ... they're seeing on stage one of the ugliest stereotypes in our history: an imposing black man ravaging a petite white woman [and] the white hero ... all but urges Jud to hang himself – and even pantomimes the act. Some see a clear reference to lynching."[56] The "Dream Ballet" in this production has a sinister and sexual tone and ends with Jud dragging Laurey away to be raped. One critic noted that the casting choice, despite its purported rationale in greater historical accuracy, likely indicates "some [historical] license taken when an African-American farmhand is allowed to escort a white woman to the box dance. ... Maybe some people weren't ready for [the casting choice], and left with not so much a song in their head, but a question in their heart. And isn't that part of what theater is supposed to do?"[56] Another critic concluded that the casting choice is "simply distracting" and "forces an uncomfortable racial subtext onto underlying material that doesn't support the weight."[57] Another wrote: "Rothstein's Oklahoma! is now the story of a crazy, sex obsessed black man living in a shack out back, lusting violently after his white mistress who ends up murdered at the hands of a white man, who gets off scot free after a mock trial."[55]
1955 film adaptation[link]
Main article: Oklahoma! (1955 film)
The 1955 film adaptation starred Gordon MacRae, Shirley Jones (in her film debut),[58] Rod Steiger, Charlotte Greenwood, Gloria Grahame, Gene Nelson, James Whitmore and Eddie Albert. It was the only musical film directed by Fred Zinnemann,[59] and Agnes de Mille choreographed. It was the first feature film photographed in the Todd-AO 70 mm widescreen process.[60][61]
Rodgers and Hammerstein personally oversaw the film to prevent the studio from making the changes that were then typical of stage-to-film musical adaptations, such as interpolating new songs by others. The film followed the stage version more closely than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein stage-to-film adaptation, although it divided the long first scene into several shorter scenes, changing the locations of several of the songs. For example, Kansas City is performed at the train station, where Aunt Eller and other cowboys meet Will Parker just after he returns from Kansas City. Lyrics in the song about a burlesque stripteaser were slightly changed to pass film censorship.[59] In a nod to Green Grow the Lilacs, which was the basis of the musical, Jud attempts revenge on Curly and Laurey by burning a haystack they stand on, before Curly jumps down, landing on Jud and causing him to fall on his own knife. The film omits only "It's a Scandal, It's an Outrage" and "Lonely Room".[60] The film won Academy Awards for Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture and Best Sound, Recording.[62]
Recordings[link]
Most of the songs from Oklahoma! were released on a record album by Decca Records in 1943 containing six 10-inch double-sided discs in 78 RPM format. It was the first U.S. cast album featuring the original Broadway cast of a musical. It sold over a million copies, prompting the label to call the cast back into the studio to record three additional selections that had been left out of the first set. These were issued as Oklahoma! Volume Two. In 1949, Decca re-released the first set on LP but not the second set, which soon became a very rare collectors' item. All subsequent LP releases were similarly incomplete. Finally in 2000, Decca Broadway went back to the original glass masters to generate a new high fidelity transfer of the complete song program and released it on CD, utilizing the original 78 album artwork.[63]
The success of the original Oklahoma! cast album set a precedent for the production of original cast recordings of Broadway musicals, which became an essential part of a musical's dissemination and endurance in popular culture.[64] Later cast recordings of Oklahoma! include the 1979 Broadway revival cast recording, the 1980 London revival cast recording, the 1998 Royal National Theatre revival cast recording, and a soundtrack album of the 1955 film. There have also been more than 20 studio cast recordings of the show, featuring stars such as Nelson Eddy, John Raitt and Florence Henderson in the leading roles.[65]
Reception[link]
The original production of Oklahoma! was an unprecedented critical and popular success. John Anderson of the New York Journal American pronounced the musical "a beautiful and delightful show, fresh and imaginative, as enchanting to the eye as Richard Rodgers's music is to the ear. It has, at a rough estimate, practically everything".[24] In the New York Herald Tribune, Howard Barnes wrote, "Songs, dances, and a story have been triumphantly blended.... The Richard Rodgers score is one of his best, and that is saying plenty. Oscar Hammerstein 2nd has written a dramatically imaginative libretto and a string of catchy lyrics; Agnes de Mille has worked small miracles in devising original dances to fit the story and the tunes, while Rouben Mamoulian has directed an excellent company with great taste and craftsmanship."[24] Louis Kronenberger of PM opined that "Mr. Hammerstein's lyrics have less crispness and wit than Lorenz Hart's at their best, but the songs in Oklahoma! call for less sophisticated words, and Mr. Hammerstein has found very likeable ones."[24]
In the New York Daily News, Burns Mantle declared that "Oklahoma! really is different – beautifully different. With the songs that Richard Rodgers has fitted to a collection of unusually atmospheric and intelligible lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein 2nd, Oklahoma! seems to me to be the most thoroughly and attractively American musical comedy since Edna Ferber's Show Boat".[24] New York World-Telegram critic Burton Rascoe particularly emphasized the groundbreaking choreography, stating that "Richard Rodgers has written for the show one of the finest musical scores any musical play ever had. Next to Mr. Rodgers, however, must stand the amazing Agnes de Mille, whose choreography, carried out to perfection by her ballet [corps], is actually the biggest hit of the show. The "Out of My Dreams" and "All Er Nuthin'" dances are such supreme aesthetic delights.... They are spinetingling, out of this world."[24] In The New York Sun, Ward Morehouse commented that "Oklahoma! is charming and leisurely. And tunely. And certainly not topical," of other shows opening in the early years of World War II. "It reveals Mr. Rodgers, shorn only for the moment of Larry Hart, in good form indeed. And nobody in last night's audience seemed to have a better time than Mr. Hart himself, who applauded the proceedings from a seat in Row B."[24] Lorenz Hart himself "pushed his way through the crowd at the after-show party in Sardi's restaurant and threw his arms around his ex-partner, grinning from ear to ear. He told Rodgers he had never had a better evening at the theater in his life."[9]
The only negative review of the musical appeared in the New York Post: The critic wrote that "it all seemed just a trifle too cute", stating that the score consisted of "a flock of Mr. Rodgers's songs that are pleasant enough, but still manage to sound quite a bit alike ... without much variety in the presentation." She concluded that the show was "very picturesque in a studied fashion, reminding us that life on a farm is apt to become a little tiresome."[24]
Antecedents and influence[link]
According to playwright and theatre writer Thomas Hischak, "Not only is 'Oklahoma!' the most important of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals, it is also the single most influential work in the American musical theatre. ... It is the first fully integrated musical play and its blending of song, character, plot and even dance would serve as the model for Broadway shows for decades."[66] William Zinsser observed that Oklahoma! broke the old "musical comedy conventions", with the songs "delving into character" and advancing the plot.[67] The show "became a milestone, so that later historians writing about important moments in twentieth-century theatre would begin to identify eras according to their relationship to Oklahoma!"[68] Oklahoma! made Rodgers and Hammerstein "the most important contributors to the musical-play form. ... The examples they set in creating vital plays, often rich with social thought, provided the necessary encouragement for other gifted writers to create musical plays of their own".[69]
Theater historian Ethan Mordden points out that, although Oklahoma! has been called "the first integrated musical, the first American folk musical", Show Boat "got there first on both counts."[70] Even earlier, the Princess Theatre musicals, following Gilbert and Sullivan and French opéra bouffe, began the reintegration of song and story after decades of thinly plotted British and American musicals, paving the way for Show Boat and Oklahoma! by showing that a musical could combine popular entertainment with continuity between its story and songs.[71] These Princess Theatre shows, which featured modern American settings, "built and polished the mold from which almost all later major musical comedies evolved. ... The characters and situations were, within the limitations of musical comedy license, believable and the humor came from the situations or the nature of the characters. Kern's exquisitely flowing melodies were employed to further the action or develop characterization."[72][73] Mordden also notes that Oklahoma! was called the first great dance musical, but other musicals had earlier focused on dance, among them Gay Divorce and On Your Toes. He concludes: "But Oklahoma! was the first American musical with an ethnic sound, words and music entirely in the folk idiom."[70]
Awards and nominations[link]
- 1947 Theatre World Award
- Dorothea MacFarland[74]
- 1980 Tony Awards
- Best Leading Actress in a Musical – Christine Andreas (Nomination)
- Best Featured Actor in a Musical – Harry Groener (Nomination)
- 1980 Drama Desk Awards
- Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical – Martin Vidnovic (Nomination)
- Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical – Harry Groener (Nomination)
- 1980 Theatre World Award
- Theatre World Award – Harry Groener WINNER
- 1993 Tony Awards
- Special Award in honor of the show's 50th anniversary year
- Best Musical
- Best Musical
- 1999 Olivier Awards
- Outstanding Musical Production WINNER
- Best Actor in a Musical – Hugh Jackman (Nomination)
- Best Actress in a Musical – Josefina Gabrielle (Nomination)
- Best Supporting Actor in a Musical – Jimmy Johnston (Nomination)
- Best Supporting Actor in a Musical – Shuler Hensley (WINNER)
- Best Director – Trevor Nunn (Nomination)
- Best Set Designer – Anthony Ward (WINNER)
- Best Lighting Designer – David Hersey (Nomination)
- Best Theatre Choreographer – Susan Stroman (WINNER)
- 2002 Tony Awards
- Best Revival of a Musical (Nomination)
- Best Leading Actor in a Musical – Patrick Wilson (Nomination)
- Best Featured Actor in a Musical – Shuler Hensley (WINNER)
- Best Featured Actress in a Musical – Andrea Martin (Nomination)
- Best Lighting Design – David Hersey (Nomination)
- Best Choreography – Susan Stroman (Nomination)
- Best Direction of a Musical – Trevor Nunn (Nomination)
- 2002 Drama Desk Awards
- Outstanding Revival of a Musical (Nomination)
- Outstanding Actor in a Musical – Patrick Wilson (Nomination)
- Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical – Justin Bohon (Nomination)
- Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical – Shuler Hensley (WINNER)
- Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical – Andrea Martin (Nomination)
- Outstanding Choreography – Susan Stroman (WINNER)
- Outstanding Director of a Musical – Trevor Nunn (Nomination)
- Outstanding Set Design of a Musical – Anthony Ward (Nomination)
- Outstanding Lighting Design – David Hersey (Nomination)
- 2002 Theatre World Awards
- Theatre World Award – Justin Bohon WINNER<ref name="World Awards Recipients"/
Cultural references[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Oklahoma! has frequently been quoted or parodied in films, television and other media. The following list includes some of the more notable references.
- Films
- The songs "Oh What a Beautiful Mornin'" and "Oklahoma!" were spoofed in the animated film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut. One of the spoofs is the song "Uncle Fucka", which parodies the spelled-out O-K-L-A-H-O-M-A of the musical's title song. A similar spoof is heard in the musical Curtains, concerning the title song of the Oklahoma!-like musical performed within the show.
- In the film When Harry Met Sally..., Harry and Sally sing a karaoke version of "Surrey With the Fringe on Top".
- In the film Twister, Beltzer is heard singing the song "Oklahoma!" when he is introduced.
- In the film Dave, the title character sings the song "Oklahoma!"
- Television
- In the The Simpsons episode "Milhouse of Sand and Fog", the character Milhouse imagines himself and Bart singing "The Farmer and the Cowman".
- Sesame Street featured Kermit the Frog as a director making the film "Oklahoma" and Forgetful Jones singing the title song from "Oklahoma!" but forgetting how it begings, trying "Aaaaaa-klahoma", "Eeeeee-klahoma" and "Iiiiii-klahoma". On episode 317 of The Muppet Show, Fozzie Bear, dressed as a cowboy, begins to sing "Oklahoma", but large Muppets dressed as Samurai warriors turn the number into a parody called "Yokohama". Ray Charles performed "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'" on Sesame Street in 1977.
- In the Fawlty Towers episode "Gourmet Night", Polly serenades the guests with a rendition of "I Cain't Say No".
- In episode 9 of Band of Brothers, "Why We Fight" (2001), Captain Nixon mentions that Oklahoma! was still on Broadway, causing the soldiers to break out in song.
- On an episode of Friends, "The One Where Emma Cries", Chandler accidentally accepts a job in Tulsa, and his wife Monica says that she does not want to move to Oklahoma or see the musical Oklahoma! Chandler responds by listing the songs from the musical, and Monica asks whether he is telling her that he got a job in Oklahoma or that he is gay.
- In the December 31, 2008 episode of The Rachel Maddow Show, comedian Kent Jones sang "Minnesota" to the tune of "Oklahoma!".
- Other media
- In the mid-1940s, radio comedian Fred Allen wrote parody lyrics to the tune of "Surrey With the Fringe on Top": "Union Suit with the Hinge on the Back." The parody was repeated on subsequent programs.
- The title song became the official state song of Oklahoma in 1953. (Oklahoma became a state on November 16, 1907.)
- In the song "Oklahoma, U.S.A." by The Kinks, on their album Muswell Hillbillies, the protagonist dreams of "riding in the surrey with the fringe on top".
- Uniform, Jerry Seinfeld's first Superman webisode commercial for American Express in 1998, featured a spoof of the musical, "Oh, Yes! Wyoming!"
Notes[link]
- ^ TIME magazine reported in its May 26, 2008 issue, p. 51, that Oklahoma! tied (with Bye Bye Birdie) as the eighth most frequently produced musical by U.S. high schools in 2007.
- ^ Everett, p. 137, chapter by Riis, Thomas L., with Ann Sears and Everett
- ^ Wilk, Max. OK! The Story of Oklahoma!: A Celebration of America's Most Beloved Musical. Rev. ed. New York: Applause Books, 2002. ISBN 1-55783-555-1
- ^ Swain, Joseph P. The Broadway Musical: A Critical and Musical Survey. Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2002, pp. 103-06
- ^ "Listing", Pulitzer.org
- ^ Secrest, pp. 403-04
- ^ “Oscar Hammerstein II”. Songwriters Hall of Fame, accessed December 22, 2010
- ^ Layne, Joslyn. Lorenz Hart Biography, Allmusic, accessed December 22, 2010
- ^ a b c d Nolan, pp. 1-25.
- ^ a b Kantor and Malson, pp. 196-202
- ^ a b c d Gordon, John Steele. Oklahoma'!'. Retrieved June 13, 2010
- ^ a b Kenrick, John. "History of the Musical Stage, 1940s Part II: Oklahoma, OK!" Musicals101.com, accessed October 11, 2011
- ^ Information on the tryout from Capa.com
- ^ Lewis, David H., Broadway musicals: A Hundred Year History, 2002, McFarland & Company, p. 35
- ^ Carter, Tim. "Reading Oklahoma!" Oklahoma!: The Making of an American Musical, Yale University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-300-10619-X, p. 177
- ^ Oklahoma! at Encyclopedia of Composers and Songwriters, PBS.org, accessed April 30, 2012
- ^ a b Hischak, p. 202
- ^ Gelb, Arthur. "Facts and Figures on a Gold Mine", The New York Times, March 29, 1953, p. X1
- ^ Hischak, p. 203
- ^ Mordden, Ethan. Beautiful Mornin: The Broadway Musical in the 1940s, Oxford University Press U.S., 1999, ISBN 0-19-512851-6, p. 78. Mordden states that the tour got back to New York in 1953, after ten years on the road, as Oklahoma! s first revival, but the first Broadway revival was on May 9, 1951, according to the Internet Broadway database.
- ^ "Oklahoma! to Celebrate 10th Birthday March 31", The New York Times, February 15, 1953, p. 79
- ^ Who's Who in the Theatre, 11th edition, 1952. See also The Times review, May 1, 1947.
- ^ Chronicle of the 20th Century, entry for April 14, 1947: "Southampton, The luxury liner RMS Queen Elizabeth runs aground." See also article by Dr Anthony Field in The Stage newspaper, January 9, 1997.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Suskin, pp. 499-503.
- ^ Oklahoma!, New York City Center Theatre, "Stagebill" program, October 6, 1953
- ^ Atkinson, Brooks. "'Oklahoma!' Revived at City Center; Celebrating Rodgers and Hammerstein's Official Week". The New York Times (abstract), September 1, 1953, p. 19
- ^ Gänzl, Kurt. Gänzl's Book of the Broadway Musical: 75 Favorite Shows, from H.M.S. Pinafore to Sunset Boulevard', pp. 103-08. Schirmer Books, New York, 1995. ISBN 0-02-870832-6
- ^ Searl, Hanford. "L.A. Debut of Oklahoma! A True Revival Production". Billboard, May 19, 1979
- ^ "'Oklahoma!' at the Palace Theatre, September 17, 1980 – September 19, 1981". Thisistheatre.com, retrieved May 20, 2010
- ^ "'Oklahoma!", 1980 London Cast". Castalbumcollector.com, retrieved May 20, 2010
- ^ "Olivier Award nominations, 1980" officiallondontheatre.co.uk, retrieved May 20, 2010
- ^ "Olivier Winners, 1999". Officiallondontheatre.co.uk, retrieved May 20, 2010
- ^ "London Welcomes a Perfect Oklahoma!". Happy Talk, the newsletter of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. Vol. 6 Issue 1, Fall 1998, Interview with Hensley, retrieved June 4, 2010
- ^ a b Heppel, David. "Curtain Up review, Oklahoma!, 1998". Curtainup.com, July 1998, retrieved May 20, 2010
- ^ Simonson, Robert. "Actors' Equity Denies London Cast of Oklahoma! U.S. Visit". Playbill.com, January 22, 1999
- ^ Simonson, Robert. "Equity Stands Firm on Americans in Oklahoma!" Playbill.com, February 17, 1999
- ^ McBride, Murdoch. "Oklahoma! OK'd: Stroman, Nunn Begin U.S. Casting in June; Fall Start Likely". Playbill.com, May 17, 2000
- ^ Gans, Andrew and Simonson, Robert. "PBS To Air Hugh Jackman Oklahoma! in November". Playbill.com, October 8, 2003
- ^ Brantley, Ben. "This Time, a Beautiful Mornin' With a Dark Side", The New York Times, March 22, 2002, Section E, p. 1
- ^ Kissel, Howard. "Oh, What a Beautiful Revival of a Pure Prairie Classic". New York Daily News, March 22, 2002
- ^ Gardner, Elysa. "Oklahoma! revival is just slightly better than OK", USA Today, March 22, 2002, Life Section, p. 1E
- ^ Simonson, Robert. "Oklahoma! Closes on Broadway Feb. 23; Tour to Follow". Playbill.com, February 23, 2003
- ^ "Discoveryland! Honors and Awards", Discoveryland! USA, Inc., retrieved July 11, 2010
- ^ "Oklahoma! in 2006 listing. Takarazuka-revue.info, retrieved May 20, 2010
- ^ a b Gardner, Lyn. "'Oklahoma!'Chichester Festival Theatre". The Guardian, 27 June 2009
- ^ a b Cavendish, Dominic. "Oklahoma! at Chichester". The Telegraph, 25 June 2009, accessed June 7, 2010
- ^ Nightingale, Benedict. "'Oklahoma!' at the Chichester Festival Theatre, West Sussex". The Times, June 26, 2009
- ^ Cooter, Maxwell. "'Oklahoma!'" Whatsonstage.com, 25 June 2009
- ^ Cole, Simon. "Marti Webb Opens New Tour of Oklahoma!" Whatsonstage.com, March 18, 2010
- ^ a b Marks, Peter. "A grand new state: You just cain't say no to Arena Stage's 'Oklahoma!'" Washington Post, November 6, 2010
- ^ See also Billups, Edith. "'Oklahoma!' at the Arena Stage in D.C." Washington Times, November 9, 2010; Blanchard, Jayne. "'Oklahoma!' Review" dctheatrescene.com, November 7, 2010; and Jones, Kenneth. "Arena Stage Opens Its Doors to the World at Oct. 23 "Homecoming," With Alumni Stars". Playbill.com, October 23, 2010
- ^ BWW News Staff. "Review Roundup: 'Oklahoma!' at Arena Stage". Broadwayworld.com, December 6, 2010
- ^ Jones, Kenneth. "DC's Helen Hayes Winners Include Candide, The Liar, Clybourne Park, Oklahoma!, Thurgood". Playbill.com, April 25, 2011
- ^ Jones, Kenneth. "Still Doin' Fine: Arena Stage Revives Its Hit 2010 Oklahoma!, Starting July 8". Playbill.com, July 8, 2011
- ^ a b Strangeways, Michael. "Oklahoma! at the 5th Avenue Is a Bit Problematic", Seattle Gay Scene, February 10, 2012
- ^ a b Brodeur, Nicole. "Oklahoma seen in a new light", The Seattle Times, February 20, 2012
- ^ Goldstein, David. "Racial Profiling", The Stranger, February 14, 2012
- ^ Jones had previously performed in a stage production of Oklahoma! See: Oklahoma! from Turner Classic Movies
- ^ a b Audio commentary by Ted Chapin and Hugh Fordin, CinemaScope version of film, 2-DVD 50th Anniversary Edition (2005), 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
- ^ a b "''Oklahoma!'' from Turner Classic Movies". Tcm.com. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title.jsp?stid=85454&category=Notes. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ^ "Magna Theatre Corporation". In70mm.com. http://www.in70mm.com/todd_ao/magna/index.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ^ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/28th-winners.html. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
- ^ "'Decca Broadway – Oklahoma' web page. Accessed May 22, 2010". Deccabroadway.com. 2000-05-16. http://www.deccabroadway.com/product/default.aspx?pid=56721&aid=96945. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ^ Stempel, p. 311
- ^ Fick, David. "Oklahoma! Cast Recording Reviews". Musical Cyberspace, March 31, 2003, accessed September 26, 2010
- ^ Hischak, p. 201
- ^ Zinsser, William. Easy to Remember:The Great American Songwriters and Their Songs, David R. Godine Publisher, 2006, ISBN 1-56792-325-9, p. 180
- ^ Everett, p. 124.
- ^ Lubbock, Mark. "American musical theatre: an introduction" excerpted from The Complete Book of Light Opera, London: Putnam, 1962, pp. 753–56
- ^ a b Mordden, Ethan. 'Broadway Babies: The People Who Made the American Musical, Oxford University Press US, 1988, ISBN 0-19-505425-3, p. 140
- ^ Jones 2003, pp. 10–11
- ^ Bordman, Gerald and Thomas Hischak, eds. "Kern, Jerome (David)". The Oxford Companion to American Theatre, third edition, Oxford University Press 2004. Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)
- ^ Kenrick, John. History of The Musical Stage 1910-1919: Part I, accessed May 11, 2010
- ^ World Awards Recipients, Theatre World Awards, accessed May 18, 2010
References[link]
- Carter, Tim. Oklahoma!: the making of an American musical. Yale University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-300-10619-X
- Everett, William A. and Paul R. Laird. The Cambridge Companion to the Musical, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-79189-8
- Hischak, Thomas S. The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, ISBN 0-313-34140-0
- Jones, John B. Our Musicals, Ourselves. Hanover: University Press of New England, 2003 ISBN 978-1-58465-311-0
- Kantor, Michael and Maslon, Laurence. Broadway: The American Musical. New York: Bullfinch Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8212-2905-2
- Nolan, Frederick. The Sound of Their Music: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein. New York: Applause Books, 2002, ISBN 1-55783-473-3
- Stempel, Larry. Showtime: A History of the Broadway Musical Theater. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010, ISBN 0-393-06715-7
External links[link]
- Oklahoma! at the Internet Broadway Database
- Information from the Theatre History website
- RNH Theatricals site
- Plot and production information, guidetomusicaltheatre.com
- Information from the Musical Heaven website
- PBS article on Oklahoma!
- Decca Broadway – Oklahoma! web page with CD extracts
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma!
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of Oklahoma. For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation).
| State of Oklahoma | |||||
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| Nickname(s): Sooner State | |||||
| Motto(s): Labor omnia vincit (Latin) | |||||
 |
|||||
| Official language(s) | English | ||||
| Demonym | Oklahoman; Okie (colloq.) | ||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Oklahoma City | ||||
| Area | Ranked 20th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 69,898 sq mi (181,195 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 230 miles (370 km) | ||||
| - Length | 298 miles (480 km) | ||||
| - % water | 1.8 | ||||
| - Latitude | 33°37' N to 37° N | ||||
| - Longitude | 94° 26' W to 103° W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 28th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 3,791,508 (2011 est)[1] | ||||
| - Density | 55.2/sq mi (21.3/km2) Ranked 35th in the U.S. |
||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Black Mesa[2][3] 4,975 ft (1516 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 1,300 ft (400 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Little River at Arkansas border[2][3] 289 ft (88 m) |
||||
| Admission to Union | November 16, 1907 (46th) | ||||
| Governor | Mary Fallin (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Todd Lamb (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Oklahoma Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Jim Inhofe (R) Thomas A. Coburn (R) |
||||
| U.S. House delegation | 4 Republicans, 1 Democrat (list) | ||||
| Time zones | |||||
| - all of the state (legally) | Central: UTC-6/-5 | ||||
| - Kenton (informally) | Mountain: UTC-7/-6 | ||||
| Abbreviations | OK Okla. US-OK | ||||
| Website | www.ok.gov | ||||
Oklahoma (i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/)[4] (Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa [5], Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh [6]) is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people",[7] and it is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State. Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.
A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology.[8] It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth.[9][10] Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly 60 percent of Oklahomans living in their metropolitan statistical areas.[11]
With small mountain ranges, prairie, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains and the U.S. Interior Highlands—a region especially prone to severe weather.[12] In addition to having a prevalence of German, Irish, English, Scottish, and Native American ancestry, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, the most of any state.[13] It is located on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives, a destination for southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans. As part of the Bible Belt, widespread belief in evangelical Christianity makes it one of the most politically conservative states, though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party.[14]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The name Oklahoma comes from the phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe the Native American race as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.[7][15][16]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Oklahoma
Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water.[17] It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip, and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. Arkansas and Missouri bound it on the east, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.
Topography[link]
See also: Lakes in Oklahoma
Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed,[18] generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary.[19][20] Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.[21]
Among the most geographically diverse states, Oklahoma is one of four to harbor more than 10 distinct ecological regions, with 11 in its borders – more per square mile than in any other state.[12] Its western and eastern halves, however, are marked by extreme differences in geographical diversity: Eastern Oklahoma touches eight ecological regions and its western half contains three.[12]
Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains.[19] Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.[22] A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and in the state's southeastern corner, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.[23]
The semi-arid high plains in the state’s northwestern corner harbor few natural forests. Oklahoma has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma, and transitional prairie and woodlands cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.[20][24] More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways, and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the highest number of artificial reservoirs in the nation.[23] Most of the state lies in two primary drainage basins belonging to the Red and Arkansas rivers, though the Lee and Little rivers also contain significant drainage basins.[24]
Flora and fauna[link]
Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma[23] and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses.[25] Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle.[25] Marshlands, cypress forests and mixtures of shortleaf pine, loblolly pine and deciduous forests dominate the state's southeastern quarter, while mixtures of largely post oak, elm, red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) and pine forests cover northeastern Oklahoma.[24][25][26]
The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, coyotes, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the American Alligator.[25]
Protected lands[link]
Oklahoma has 50 state parks,[27] six national parks or protected regions,[28] two national protected forests or grasslands,[29] and a network of wildlife preserves and conservation areas. Six percent of the state's 10 million acres (40,000 km2) of forest is public land,[26] including the western portions of the Ouachita National Forest, the largest and oldest national forest in the Southern United States.[30] With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states.[31] In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma.[32] The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state[33] and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).[34] Of Oklahoma's federally protected park or recreational sites; the Chickasaw National Recreation Area is the largest, with 9,898.63 acres (18 km2).[35] Other sites include the Santa Fe and Trail of Tears national historic trails, the Fort Smith and Washita Battlefield national historic sites, and the Oklahoma City National Memorial.[28]
Climate[link]
Oklahoma is located in a temperate region and experiences occasional extremes of temperature and precipitation typical in a continental climate.[36] Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold and warm air masses producing severe weather.[21] An average 54 tornadoes strike the state per year—one of the highest rates in the world.[37] Because of its position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely between relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time.[21] As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an incoming squall line resulted in a drop to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same day.[38]
The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of the eastern part of Oklahoma influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico, but transitions progressively to a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward less frequently touched by southern moisture.[36] Precipitation and temperatures fall from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm).[21] All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C),[36] and snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle.[21] The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman.[39] Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.
| Monthly temperatures for Oklahoma's largest cities | ||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oklahoma City | 47/26 | 54/31 | 62/39 | 71/48 | 79/58 | 87/66 | 93/71 | 92/70 | 84/62 | 73/51 | 60/38 | 50/29 |
| Tulsa | 46/26 | 53/31 | 62/40 | 72/50 | 80/59 | 88/68 | 94/73 | 93/71 | 84/63 | 74/51 | 60/39 | 50/30 |
| Lawton | 50/26 | 56/31 | 65/40 | 73/49 | 82/59 | 90/68 | 96/73 | 95/71 | 86/63 | 76/51 | 62/39 | 52/30 |
| Average high/low temperatures in °F[40][41] | ||||||||||||
History[link]
Main article: History of Oklahoma
Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age,[42] but the state's first permanent inhabitants settled in communities accentuated with mound-like structures near the Arkansas border between 850 and 1450 AD.[43][44] Spaniard Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traveled through the state in 1541,[45] but French explorers claimed the area in the 1700s[46] and it remained under French rule until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was purchased by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase.[45]
During the 19th century, thousands of Native Americans were expelled from their ancestral homelands from across North America and transported to the area including and surrounding present-day Oklahoma. The Choctaw was the first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed from the southeastern United States. The phrase "Trail of Tears" originated from a description of the removal of the Choctaw Nation in 1831, although the term is usually used for the Cherokee removal.[47] About 17,000 Cherokees – along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees – were removed from their homes.[48] The area, already occupied by Osage and Quapaw tribes, was called for the Choctaw Nation until revised Native American and then later American policy redefined the boundaries to include other Native Americans. By 1890, more than 30 Native American nations and tribes had been concentrated on land within Indian Territory or "Indian Country."[49] Many Native Americans served in the Union and Confederate military during the American Civil War. The Cherokee Nation had an internal civil war.[50] Slavery in Oklahoma was not abolished until 1866.[51]
In the period between 1866 and 1899,[45] cattle ranches in Texas strove to meet the demands for food in eastern cities and railroads in Kansas promised to deliver in a timely manner. Cattle trails and cattle ranches developed as cowboys either drove their product north or settled illegally in Indian Territory.[45] In 1881, four of five major cattle trails on the western frontier traveled through Indian Territory.[52] Increased presence of white settlers in Indian Territory prompted the United States Government to establish the Dawes Act in 1887, which divided the lands of individual tribes into allotments for individual families, encouraging farming and private land ownership among native Americans but expropriating land to the federal government. In the process, railroad companies took nearly half of Indian-held land within the territory for outside settlers and for purchase.[53]
Major land runs, including the Land Run of 1889, were held for settlers where certain territories were opened to settlement starting at a precise time. Usually land was open to settlers on a first come first served basis.[54] Those who broke the rules by crossing the border into the territory before the official opening time were said to have been crossing the border sooner, leading to the term sooners, which eventually became the state's official nickname.[55]
Deliberations to make the territory into a state began near the end of the 19th century, when the Curtis Act continued the allotment of Indian tribal land. Attempts to create an all-Indian state named Oklahoma and a later attempt to create an all-Indian state named Sequoyah failed but the Sequoyah Statehood Convention of 1905 eventually laid the groundwork for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention, which took place two years later.[56] On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was established as the 46th state in the Union.
The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy.[57] In 1927, an Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using a stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.[58]
Oklahoma also has a rich African American history. There were many black towns that thrived in the early 20th century because of black settlers moving from neighboring states, especially Kansas. The politician Edward P. McCabe encouraged black settlers to come to what was then Indian Territory. He discussed with President Theodore Roosevelt the possibility of making Oklahoma a majority-black state.
By the early 20th century, the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa was one of the most prosperous African-American communities in the United States.[59] Jim Crow laws had established racial segregation since before the turn of the century, but the blacks had created a thriving area.
Social tensions were exacerbated by the revival of the Ku Klux Klan after 1915. The Tulsa Race Riot broke out in 1921, with whites attacking blacks. In one of the costliest episodes of racial violence in American history, sixteen hours of rioting resulted in 35 city blocks destroyed, $1.8 million in property damage, and a death toll estimated to be as high as 300 people.[60] By the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan had declined to negligible influence within the state.[61]
During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States.[62] Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.
Soil and water conservation projects markedly changed practices in the state and led to the construction of massive flood control systems and dams; they built hundreds of reservoirs and man-made lakes to supply water for domestic needs and agricultural irrigation. By the 1960s, Oklahoma had created more than 200 lakes, the most in the nation.[12][63]
In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of the worst act of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. The two men were convicted of the bombing: McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed by the federal government on June 11, 2001; his partner Nichols is serving a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole.[64] McVeigh's army buddy, Michael Fortier, got 12 years in prison and, ultimately, a $75,000 fine for helping sell guns (to raise funds for the bombing) and for helping to examine the Murrah Federal building prior to the terrorist attack. Wife, Lori Fortier (now dead), was granted immunity for testifying.
Economy[link]
Based in the sectors of aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications, Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food.[8] The state ranks second in the nation for production of natural gas,[65] and is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, ranking 5th in production of wheat.[66] Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma,[67] and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation,[68] with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.[69] In 2010, Oklahoma City-based Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores ranked 18th on the Forbe's list of largest private companies, Tulsa-based QuikTrip ranked 37th, and Oklahoma City-based Hobby Lobby ranked 198th in 2010 report.[70] From 2006 to 2010, Oklahoma's gross domestic product grew from $131.9 billion to $147.5 billion, a jump of 10.6 percent.[71] Oklahoma's gross domestic product per capita was $35,480 in 2010, which was ranked 40th among the states.[72] Though oil has historically dominated the state's economy, a collapse in the energy industry during the 1980s led to the loss of nearly 90,000 energy-related jobs between 1980 and 2000, severely damaging the local economy.[73] Oil accounted for 35 billion dollars in Oklahoma's economy in 2007,[74] and employment in the state's oil industry was outpaced by five other industries in 2007.[75] As of August 2011, the state's unemployment rate is 5.6%.[76]
Industry[link]
In mid 2011, Oklahoma had a civilian labor force of 1.7 million and total non-farm employment fluctuated around 1.5 million.[75] The government sector provides the most jobs, with 339,300 in 2011, followed by the transportation and utilities sector, providing 279,500 jobs, and the sectors of education, business, and manufacturing, providing 207,800, 177,400, and 132,700 jobs, respectively.[75] Among the state's largest industries, the aerospace sector generates $11 billion annually.[68] Tulsa is home to the largest airline maintenance base in the world, which serves as the global maintenance and engineering headquarters for American Airlines.[77] In total, aerospace accounts for more than 10 percent of Oklahoma's industrial output, and it is one of the top 10 states in aerospace engine manufacturing.[8] Because of its position in the center of the United States, Oklahoma is also among the top states for logistic centers, and a major contributor to weather-related research.[68] The state is the top manufacturer of tires in North America and contains one of the fastest-growing biotechnology industries in the nation.[68] In 2005, international exports from Oklahoma's manufacturing industry totaled $4.3 billion, accounting for 3.6 percent of its economic impact.[78] Tire manufacturing, meat processing, oil and gas equipment manufacturing, and air conditioner manufacturing are the state's largest manufacturing industries.[79]
Energy[link]
Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs,[74][80] and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves.[81] While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011,[82] it is at the bottom of states in usage of renewable energy, with 94 percent of its electricity being generated by non-renewable sources in 2009, including 25 percent from coal and 46 percent from natural gas.[83] Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009,[84] Oklahoma's energy costs were 8th lowest in the nation.[85] As a whole, the oil energy industry contributes $35 billion to Oklahoma's gross domestic product, and employees of Oklahoma oil-related companies earn an average of twice the state's typical yearly income.[74] In 2009, the state had 83,700 commercial oil wells churning 65.374 million barrels (10,393,600 m3) of crude oil.[86] Eight and a half percent of the nation's natural gas supply is held in Oklahoma, with 1.673 trillion cubic feet (47.4 km3) being produced in 2009.[86]
According to Forbes Magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation,[87] and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related.[67] Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune Magazine.[88] The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.[88]
Agriculture[link]
The 27th-most agriculturally productive state, Oklahoma is fifth in cattle production and fifth in production of wheat.[66][89] Approximately 5.5 percent of American beef comes from Oklahoma, while the state produces 6.1 percent of American wheat, 4.2 percent of American pig products, and 2.2 percent of dairy products.[66] The state had 83,500 farms in 2005, collectively producing $4.3 billion in animal products and fewer than one billion dollars in crop output with more than $6.1 billion added to the state's gross domestic product.[66] Poultry and swine are its second and third-largest agricultural industries.[89]
Culture[link]
File:Pioneer Woman Statue.jpg
Oklahoma's heritage as a pioneer state is depicted with the Pioneer Woman statue in Ponca City.
Oklahoma is placed in the South by the United States Census Bureau,[90] but lies fully or partially in the Southwest, and southern cultural regions by varying definitions, and partially in the Upland South and Great Plains by definitions of abstract geographical-cultural regions.[91] Oklahomans have a high rate of German, English, Scotch-Irish, and Native American ancestry,[92] with 25 different native languages spoken.[13] Because many Native Americans were forced to move to Oklahoma when White settlement in North America increased, Oklahoma has a lot of linguistic diversity. Mary Linn, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Oklahoma and the associate curator of Native American languages at the Noble Museum, said that Oklahoma also has high levels of language endangerment.[93]
Six governments have claimed the area now known as Oklahoma at different times,[94] and 67 Native American tribes are represented in Oklahoma,[45] including the greatest number of tribal headquarters and 39 federally recognized nations.[95] Western ranchers, Native American tribes, southern settlers, and eastern oil barons have shaped the state's cultural predisposition, and its largest cities have been named among the most underrated cultural destinations in the United States.[96][97] While residents of Oklahoma are associated with stereotypical traits of southern hospitality – the Catalogue for Philanthropy ranks Oklahomans 4th in the nation for overall generosity[98] – the state has also been associated with a negative cultural stereotype first popularized by John Steinbeck's novel "The Grapes of Wrath", which described the plight of uneducated, poverty-stricken Dust Bowl-era farmers deemed "Okies".[99][100][101] However, the term is often used in a positive manner by Oklahomans.[100]
Arts and theater[link]
Further information: List of Native American artists from Oklahoma
In the state's largest urban areas, pockets of jazz culture flourish,[103] and Native American, Mexican American, and Asian American communities produce music and art of their respective cultures.[104] The Oklahoma Mozart Festival in Bartlesville is one of the largest classical music festivals in the southern United States,[105] and Oklahoma City's Festival of the Arts has been named one of the top fine arts festivals in the nation.[103]
The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States.[103] The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.[106][107][108] In Sand Springs, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" is the official performance headquarters for the musical Oklahoma![109] Historically, the state has produced musical styles such as The Tulsa Sound and Western Swing, which was popularized at Cain's Ballroom in Tulsa. The building, known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing",[110] served as the performance headquarters of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys during the 1930s.[111] Stillwater is known as the epicenter of Red Dirt music, the best-known proponent of which is the late Bob Childers.
Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest resident professional company is American Theatre Company, and Theatre Tulsa is the oldest community theatre company west of the Mississippi. Other companies in Tulsa include Heller Theatre and Tulsa Spotlight Theater. The cities of Norman, Lawton, and Stillwater, among others, also host well-reviewed community theatre companies.
Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums.[103] The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States,[102] and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region.[103] The collections of Thomas Gilcrease are housed in the Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.[112] The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago, IL and Los Angeles, CA.[113] The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world,[114] and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier.[103] With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.[115]
Festivals and events[link]
Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association,[116] and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions. During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the Oklahoma State Fair attracts close to one million people,[117] and large pow-wows, Asian festivals, and Juneteenth celebrations are held in the city each year. The Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run,[118] and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 people in four days during 2007.[119] In 2006, Tulsa's Oktoberfest was named one of the top 10 in the world by USA Today and one of the top German food festivals in the nation by Bon Appetit magazine.[120] Tulsa also hosts the annual music festival Dfest, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma’s first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003. The Medieval Fair of Norman is Oklahoma’s "largest weekend event and the third largest event in Oklahoma, and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation."[121]
Education[link]
With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008.[122] Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009-10 school year.[123] Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, 47th in the nation,[122] though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.[124] The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling.[125] High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate.[126] In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.[127][128]
Oklahoma State University, The University of Oklahoma, and The University of Central Oklahoma are the largest public institutions of higher education in Oklahoma, operating through one primary campus and satellite campuses throughout the state. The two state universities, along with Oklahoma City University and the University of Tulsa, rank among the country's best in undergraduate business programs,[129] The University of Tulsa College of Law, Oklahoma City University's School of Law, and the University of Oklahoma College of Law are the state's only ABA accredited institutions. The University of Oklahoma and University of Tulsa are in the top percentage of universities nationally for academic ratings, with the University of Tulsa the only university ranked in the top 100.[130] Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities,[131] including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River,[132] also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma[133] and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount.[132][134] Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college. Six of the state's universities were placed in the Princeton Review's list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007,[135] and three made the list of top colleges for best value. The state has 55 post-secondary technical institutions operated by Oklahoma's CareerTech program for training in specific fields of industry or trade.[122]
In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a masters degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). The national average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.[136]
Sports[link]
Oklahoma supports popular sports, with teams in basketball, football, arena football, baseball, soccer, hockey, and wrestling located in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Enid, Norman, and Lawton. The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association and the Tulsa Shock of the Women's National Basketball Association are the state's only major league sports franchises, but minor league sports, including minor league baseball at the Minor league baseball AAA and AA levels Oklahoma City RedHawks and Tulsa Drillers, respectively, hockey with the Oklahoma City Barons in the AHL and Tulsa Oilers in the CHL, and arena football in the Arena Football League is hosted by the Tulsa Talons. Oklahoma City also hosts the Oklahoma City Lightning playing in the National Women's Football Association, and Tulsa is the base for the Tulsa 66ers of the NBA Development League and the Tulsa Revolution, which plays in the American Indoor Soccer League.[137] Enid and Lawton host professional basketball teams in the USBL and the CBA.
The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005.[138] In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, owned by a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder in 2008, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.[139]
Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The University of Oklahoma Sooners and the Oklahoma State University Cowboys average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and the University of Oklahoma's American football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games.[140] The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University among the top colleges for athletics in the nation.[141][142] In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges or universities participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.[143]
Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa.[144] Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001.[145] Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.[146]
Health[link]
File:ICIO2.jpg
INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, Located at Oklahoma City, OK
The state was the 21st-largest recipient of medical funding from the federal government in 2005, with health-related federal expenditures in the state totaling $75,801,364; immunizations, bioterrorism preparedness, and health education were the top three most funded medical items.[147] Instances of major diseases are near the national average in Oklahoma, and the state ranks at or slightly above the rest of the country in percentage of people with asthma, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension.[147]
In 2000, Oklahoma ranked 45th in physicians per capita and slightly below the national average in nurses per capita, but was slightly over the national average in hospital beds per 100,000 people and above the national average in net growth of health services over a 12-year period.[148] One of the worst states for percentage of insured people, nearly 25 percent of Oklahomans between the age of 18 and 64 did not have health insurance in 2005, the fifth-highest rate in the nation.[149] Oklahomans are in the upper half of Americans in terms of obesity prevalence, and the state is the 5th most obese in the nation, with 30.3 percent of its population at or near obesity.[150] Oklahoma ranked last among the 50 states in a 2007 study by the Commonwealth Fund on health care performance.[151]
INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, along with Proton Therapy Center, is the 6th comprehensive cancer treatment centers in the country currently providing both conventional radiation therapy and proton therapy.[152] The OU Medical Center, Oklahoma's largest collection of hospitals is the only hospital in the state designated a Level I trauma center by the American College of Surgeons. OU Medical Center is located on the grounds of the Oklahoma Health Center in Oklahoma City, the state's largest concentration of medical research facilities.[153][154] The Regional Medical Center of the Cancer Treatment Centers of America in Tulsa is one of four such regional facilities nationwide, offering cancer treatment to the entire southwestern United States, and is one of the largest cancer treatment hospitals in the country.[155] The largest osteopathic teaching facility in the nation, Oklahoma State University Medical Center at Tulsa, also rates as one of the largest facilities in the field of neuroscience.[156][157]
Media[link]
Main articles: List of radio stations in Oklahoma and List of television stations in Oklahoma
File:TulsaWorld.jpg
The second largest newspaper in Oklahoma, the Tulsa World has a circulation of 189,789.[158]
Oklahoma City and Tulsa are the 45th and 61st-largest media markets in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research. The state's third-largest media market, Lawton-Wichita Falls, Texas, is ranked 149th nationally by the agency.[159] Broadcast television in Oklahoma began in 1949 when KFOR-TV (then WKY-TV) in Oklahoma City and KOTV-TV in Tulsa began broadcasting a few months apart.[160] Currently, all major American broadcast networks have affiliated television stations in the state.[161]
The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558.[158] Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both Cherokee and English.[162] In 2006, there were more than 220 newspapers located in the state, including 177 with weekly publications and 48 with daily publications.[162]
The state's first radio station, WKY in Oklahoma City, signed on in 1920, followed by KRFU in Bristow, which later on moved to Tulsa and became KVOO in 1927.[163] In 2006, there were more than 500 radio stations in Oklahoma broadcasting with various local or nationally owned networks. Five universities in Oklahoma operate non-commercial, public radio stations/networks. [164]
Oklahoma has a few ethnic-oriented TV stations broadcasting in Spanish, Asian languages and sometimes have Native American programming. TBN, a Christian religious television network has a studio in Tulsa, and built their first entirely TBN-owned affiliate in Oklahoma City in 1980.[165]
Transportation[link]
Transportation in Oklahoma is generated by an anchor system of Interstate Highways, intercity rail lines, airports, inland ports, and mass transit networks. Situated along an integral point in the United States Interstate network, Oklahoma contains three interstate highways and four auxiliary Interstate Highways. In Oklahoma City, Interstate 35 intersects with Interstate 44 and Interstate 40, forming one of the most important intersections along the United States highway system.[166] More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten turnpikes or major toll roads,[166] and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation.[167] In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars.[168] In 2010, the state had the nation's third highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.[169]
In March 2011, Oklahoma ranked as a bottom-seven "Worst" state (tied with Georgia and Illinois) in the American State Litter Scorecard. The Sooner State suffers from overall poor effectiveness and quality of its statewide public space cleanliness (primarily from roadway and adjacent litter/debris abatement)--due to state and related eradication standards and performance indicators.[170]
Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010.[171] Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010.[172] Between the two, thirteen major airlines operate in Oklahoma.[173][174] In terms of traffic, R.L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008.[175] In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.[176]
Oklahoma is connected to the nation's rail network via Amtrak's Heartland Flyer, its only regional passenger rail line. It currently stretches from Oklahoma City to Fort Worth, Texas, though lawmakers began seeking funding in early 2007 to connect the Heartland Flyer to Tulsa.[177] Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year.[178][179] Both ports are located on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world.[179]
Law and government[link]
Main article: Government of Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a constitutional republic with a government modeled after the Federal Government of the United States, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches.[180] The state has 77 counties with jurisdiction over most local government functions within each respective domain,[20] five congressional districts, and a voting base with a majority in the Democratic Party.[14] State officials are elected by plurality voting in the state of Oklahoma.
State government[link]
The Legislature of Oklahoma consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. As the lawmaking branch of the state government, it is responsible for raising and distributing the money necessary to run the government. The Senate has 48 members serving four-year terms, while the House has 101 members with two-year terms. The state has a term limit for its legislature that restricts any one person to a total of twelve cumulative years service between both legislative branches.[181][182]
Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.[181]
The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and ensuring peace within the state is preserved.[183]
Local government[link]
The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff.[184] While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction.[185][186] Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.
Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.[187][188]
National politics[link]
| Year | Republicans | Democrats |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 65.65% 960,165 | 34.35% 502,496 |
| 2004 | 65.57% 959,792 | 34.43% 503,966 |
| 2000 | 60.31% 744,337 | 38.43% 474,276 |
| 1996 | 48.26% 582,315 | 40.45% 488,105 |
| 1992 | 42.65% 592,929 | 34.02% 473,066 |
| 1988 | 57.93% 678,367 | 41.28% 483,423 |
| 1984 | 68.61% 861,530 | 30.67% 385,080 |
| 1980 | 60.50% 695,570 | 34.97% 402,026 |
| 1976 | 49.96% 545,708 | 48.75% 532,442 |
| 1972 | 73.70% 759,025 | 24.00% 247,147 |
| 1968 | 47.68% 449,697 | 31.99% 301,658 |
| 1964 | 44.25% 412,665 | 55.75% 519,834 |
| 1960 | 59.02% 533,039 | 40.98% 533,039 |
Main article: Politics of Oklahoma
For most of the first half of the 20th century, Oklahoma was a Democratic stronghold. From 1908 to 1948, the state only supported a Republican twice, in 1920 and 1928. However, Oklahoma Democrats have always been considerably more conservative than their counterparts in the rest of the nation, and the state has become increasingly friendly to Republicans at the national level.
Though registered Republicans are a minority in the state,[14] Oklahoma has voted for a Republican for President in all but one election since 1952. In 2004 and 2008, George W. Bush and John McCain swept every county in the state, both receiving over 65 percent of the statewide vote. In 2008, Oklahoma was the only state whose counties voted unanimously for McCain.[190]
Generally, Republicans are strongest in Oklahoma City, Tulsa and their close-in suburbs, as well as the Panhandle. Democrats are strongest in the eastern part of the state and Little Dixie.
Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there are no changes in party strength, and the delegation has four Republicans and one Democrat. Oklahoma's U.S. senators are Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives are John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).
Further information: Political party strength in Oklahoma
Cities and towns[link]
See also: List of cities in Oklahoma and List of towns in Oklahoma
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Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including three cities over 100,000 in population and 40 over 10,000.[191] Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 58 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents.[192] Between 2000 and 2010, the cities that led the state in population growth were Blanchard 172.4%, Elgin 78.2%, Piedmont 56.7%, Bixby 56.6%, and Owasso 56.3%.[191]
In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.[193]
Under Oklahoma law, municipalities are divided into two categories: cities, defined as having more than 1,000 residents, and towns, with under 1,000 residents. Both have legislative, judicial, and public power within their boundaries, but cities can choose between a mayor-council, council-manager, or strong mayor form of government, while towns operate through an elected officer system.[185]
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1890 | 258,657 |
|
|
| 1900 | 790,391 | 205.6% | |
| 1910 | 1,657,155 | 109.7% | |
| 1920 | 2,028,283 | 22.4% | |
| 1930 | 2,396,040 | 18.1% | |
| 1940 | 2,336,434 | −2.5% | |
| 1950 | 2,233,351 | −4.4% | |
| 1960 | 2,328,284 | 4.3% | |
| 1970 | 2,559,229 | 9.9% | |
| 1980 | 3,025,290 | 18.2% | |
| 1990 | 3,145,585 | 4.0% | |
| 2000 | 3,450,654 | 9.7% | |
| 2010 | 3,751,351 | 8.7% | |
| Source: 1910–2010[194] | |||
Main article: Demographics of Oklahoma
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Oklahoma was 3,791,508 on July 1, 2011, a 1.07% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[1]
At the 2010 Census, 68.7% of the population was non-Hispanic White, down from 88% in 1970,[195] 7.3% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 8.2% non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.7% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.1% non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 5.1% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). 8.9% of Oklahoma's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race).
As of 2008[update] Oklahoma had a population of 3,642,361[196] with an estimated 2005 ancestral makeup of 14.5% German, 13.1% American, 11.8% Irish, 9.6% English, 8.1% African American, and 11.4% Native American (including 7.9% Cherokee[197][198]) though the percentage of people claiming American Indian as their only race was 8.1%.[199] Most people from Oklahoma who self-identify as having American ancestry are of overwhelmingly English ancestry with significant amounts of Scottish and Welsh inflection as well.[200][201] The state had the second-highest number of Native Americans in 2002, estimated at 395,219, as well as the second highest percentage among all states.[198] As of 2006, 4.7% of Oklahoma's residents were foreign born,[202] compared to 12.4% for the nation.[203] The center of population of Oklahoma is located in Lincoln County near the town of Sparks.[204]
The state's 2006 per capita personal income ranked 37th at $32,210, though it has the third-fastest growing per capita income in the nation[9] and ranks consistently among the lowest states in cost of living index.[205] The Oklahoma City suburb Nichols Hills is first on Oklahoma locations by per capita income at $73,661, though Tulsa County holds the highest average.[193] In 2006, 6.8% of Oklahomans were under the age of 5, 25.9% under 18, and 13.2% were 65 or older. Females made up 50.9% of the population.
| By race | White | Black | AIAN* | Asian | NHPI* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 (total population) | 82.59% | 8.31% | 11.39% | 1.71% | 0.15% |
| 2000 (Hispanic only) | 4.73% | 0.19% | 0.37% | 0.05% | 0.02% |
| 2005 (total population) | 82.20% | 8.55% | 11.31% | 1.92% | 0.16% |
| 2005 (Hispanic only) | 6.10% | 0.24% | 0.35% | 0.06% | 0.03% |
| Growth 2000–05 (total population) | 2.33% | 5.76% | 2.04% | 15.49% | 9.51% |
| Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) | 0.50% | 5.17% | 2.22% | 15.19% | 9.47% |
| Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) | 32.58% | 31.44% | -3.27% | 25.17% | 9.69% |
| * AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | |||||
Religion[link]
Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by widespread conservative Christianity and Evangelical Protestantism known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southeastern United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views. Tulsa, the state's second largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is known as one of the "buckles of the Bible Belt".[206][207] According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents – 85 percent – are Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Oklahomans affiliated with Catholicism is half of the national average, while the percentage affiliated with Evangelical Protestantism is more than twice the national average – tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state.[208]
Adherents participate in 73 major affiliations spread between 5,854 congregations, ranging from the Southern Baptist Convention, with 1578 churches and 967,223 members, to the Holy Orthodox Church in North America, with 1 church and 6 members. The state's largest church memberships are in the Southern Baptist Convention, the United Methodist Church, with 322,794 members, the Roman Catholic Church, with 168,625, the Assemblies of God, with 88,301, and Churches of Christ, with 83,047.[209] In 2000, there were about 5,000 Jews and 6,000 Muslims, with 10 congregations to each group.[209]
Oklahoma religious makeup:[209][A]
- Evangelical Protestant – 53%
- Mainline Protestant – 16%
- Catholic – 13%
- Other – 6%[B]
- Unaffiliated – 12%
State symbols[link]
See also: list of Oklahoma state symbols
State law codifies Oklahoma’s state emblems and honorary positions;[211] the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations.
State symbols:[212]
- State bird: Scissor-tailed flycatcher
- State tree: Eastern Redbud
- State mammal: American Bison
- State vegetable: Watermelon[213]
- State beverage: Milk
- State fruit: Strawberry
- State game bird: Wild Turkey
- State fish: Sand bass
- State floral emblem: Mistletoe
- State flower: Oklahoma Rose
- State wildflower: Indian Blanket (Gaillardia pulchellum)
- State grass: Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
- State fossil: Saurophaganax maximus[214]
- State rock: Rose rock
- State insect: Honeybee
- State soil: Port Silt Loam
- State reptile: Collared Lizard
- State amphibian: Bullfrog
- State meal: fried okra, squash, cornbread, barbecue pork, biscuits, sausage and gravy, grits, corn, strawberries, chicken fried steak, pecan pie, and black-eyed peas.
- State folk dance: Square Dance
- State percussive instrument: drum
- State waltz: Oklahoma Wind
- State butterfly: Black Swallowtail
- State song: "Oklahoma!"
- State language: English
- State Gospel Song: "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"
- State rock song: "Do You Realize??" by The Flaming Lips[215]
See also[link]
- Outline of Oklahoma
- Index of Oklahoma-related articles
- Great Plains
- Indian territory
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
- List of people from Oklahoma
- Competitive Advantage – Oklahoma
Notes[link]
- A. ^ Determined by a survey by the Pew Research Center in 2008. Percentages represent claimed religious beliefs, not necessarily membership in any particular congregation. Figures have a ±5 percent margin of error.[208]
- B. ^ Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, other faiths each account for less than 1 percent. Jehovah's Witness, Mormons, Orthodox Christianity, and other Christian traditions each compose less than .5% percent. 1% refused to answer the Pew Research Center's survey.[208]
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- ^ "Oklahoma - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1890 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ "State Fact Sheets: Oklahoma". Economic Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-12-09. http://www.ers.usda.gov/statefacts/ok.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Oklahoma – Selected Social Characteristics". United States Census Bureau. 2005. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US40&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_DP2&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=305&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
- ^ a b "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2002. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-15.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Oklahoma QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. 2006-01-12. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40000.html. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
- ^ David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.602–645
- ^ Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America By Dominic J. Pulera.
- ^ "Immigration Impact:Oklahoma". Federation for American Immigration Reform. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071029084957/http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_researchd66d. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
- ^ "National Selected Social Characteristics". U.S. Census Bureau. 2005. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_DP2&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-_caller=geoselect&-redoLog=false. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "2010 Census Centers of Population by State". U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
- ^ "More or Less". Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. 2007. http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?ption=content&task=view&id=330&Itemid=411. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ Bram, Thursday. "Jewish Life in the Bible Belt". New Voices Magazine. Archived from the original on 2007-01-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20070121104922/http://www.newvoices.org/cgi-bin/articlepage.cgi?id=672. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ Sherman, Bill (2007-04-29). "Minister’s book plunges into cultural issues". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070428_8_H7_TheRe84848&breadcrumb=religion. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ a b c "U.S. Religious Landscapes Survey". The Pew Forum on Religion and Life. http://religions.pewforum.org/maps. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- ^ a b c "State Membership Report – Oklahoma". Association of Religion Data Archives. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/40_2000.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "New Oklahoma Quarter Launches into History". United States Mint. http://www.usmint.gov/pressroom/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=press_release&id=862. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
- ^ "OCIS Document Index". The Oklahoma Supreme Court Network. http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/index.asp?ftdb=STOKST&level=1. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ "Oklahoma State Icons". Oklahoma Department of Libraries. http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/stinfo.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ Okla. Stat. tit. 25, § 3–98.15
- ^ "Oklahoma State Fossil". State fossils. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070220160253/http://www.statefossils.com/ok/ok.html. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- ^ John Benson, (April 28, 2009). "Flaming Lips prepare for Oklahoma honor". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/chinaNews/idUKTRE53R0L520090428.
Further reading[link]
- Baird, W. David; and Danney Goble (1994). The Story of Oklahoma. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2650-7.
- Dale, Edward Everett; and Morris L. Wardell (1948). History of Oklahoma. New York: Prentice-Hall. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9570550.
- Gibson, Arrell Morgan (1981). Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (2nd ed. ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1758-3.
- Goble, Danney (1980). Progressive Oklahoma: The Making of a New Kind of State. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1510-6.
- Jones, Stephen (1974). Oklahoma Politics in State and Nation (vol. 1 (1907–62) ed.). Enid, Okla.: Haymaker Press.
- Joyce, Davis D. (ed.) (1994). An Oklahoma I Had Never Seen Before: Alternative Views of Oklahoma History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2599-3.
- Morgan, Anne Hodges; and H. Wayne Morgan (eds.) (1982). Oklahoma: New Views of the Forty-sixth State. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1651-X.
- Morgan, David R.; Robert E. England, and George G. Humphreys (1991). Oklahoma Politics and Policies: Governing the Sooner State. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3106-7.
- Morris, John W.; Charles R. Goins, and Edwin C. McReynolds (1986). Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (3rd ed. ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1991-8.
- Wishart, David J. (ed.) (2004). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-4787-7. complete text online; 900 pages of scholarly articles
External links[link]
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- General
- Oklahoma at the Open Directory Project
- Festival and Fairs
- Government
- Oklahoma's official web site
- Oklahoma Legislative Branch
- Oklahoma Judicial Branch
- Oklahoma State Constitution
- Oklahoma Department of Commerce
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- Tourism and recreation
- Oklahoma Tourism Board
- Official Oklahoma Tourism Info
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- Oklahoma travel guide from Wikitravel
- Culture and history
- Oklahoma Historical Society
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- Oklahoma QuickFacts Geographic and Demographic information
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Geographic data related to Oklahoma at OpenStreetMap
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| Preceded by Utah |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on November 16, 1907 (46th) |
Succeeded by New Mexico |
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Coordinates: 35°30′N 98°00′W / 35.5°N 98°W / 35.5; -98
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Hugh Jackman | |
|---|---|
 Jackman at the Sydney premiere for Real Steel, September 2011 |
|
| Born | Hugh Michael Jackman (1968-10-12) 12 October 1968 (age 43) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1994–present |
| Spouse | Deborra-Lee Furness (1996–present) |
Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian actor and producer who is involved in film, musical theatre, and television.
Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in major films, notably as action/superhero, period and romance characters. He is known for his role as Wolverine in the X-Men film series, as well as for his leads in Kate & Leopold, Van Helsing, The Prestige, Australia, and Real Steel. Jackman is a singer, dancer, and actor in stage musicals, and won a Tony Award for his role in The Boy from Oz.
In November 2008, Open Salon named Jackman one of the sexiest men alive.[1] Later that same month, People magazine named Jackman "Sexiest Man Alive."[2]
A three-time host of the Tony Awards, winning an Emmy Award for one of these appearances, Jackman also hosted the 81st Academy Awards on 22 February 2009.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Jackman was born in Sydney, New South Wales, the youngest of five children of English parents Chris Jackman and Grace Watson, and the second child to be born in Australia (he also has a younger half-sister, from his mother's re-marriage).[4] One of his paternal great-grandfathers was Greek.[5] His parents divorced when he was eight, and he remained with his accountant father and siblings, while his mother moved back to England.[6] As a child, Jackman liked the outdoors, spending a lot of time at the beach and on camping trips and vacations all over Australia. He wanted to see the world: "I used to spend nights looking at atlases. I decided I wanted to be a chef on a plane. Because I'd been on a plane and there was food on board, I presumed there was a chef. I thought that would be an ideal job."[7]
Jackman went to primary school at Pymble Public School and later attended the all-boys Knox Grammar School, where he starred in its production of My Fair Lady in 1985, and became the captain of the school in 1986.[8] Following graduation, he spent a gap year working at Uppingham School in England.[9] On his return, he studied at the University of Technology, Sydney, graduating in 1991 with a BA in Communications.[10] In his final year of university, he took a drama course to make up additional credits. The class did Václav Havel's The Memorandum with Jackman as the lead.[4] He later commented, "In that week I felt more at home with those people than I did in the entire three years [at university]".[11]
After obtaining his BA, Jackman completed the one-year course "The Journey" at the Actors' Centre in Sydney.[4] About studying acting full-time, he stated, "It wasn't until I was 22 that I ever thought about my hobby being something I could make a living out of. As a boy, I'd always had an interest in theater. But the idea at my school was that drama and music were to round out the man. It wasn't what one did for a living. I got over that. I found the courage to stand up and say, 'I want to do it'."[7] After completing "The Journey", he was offered a role on the popular soap opera Neighbours but turned it down[12] to attend the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts of Edith Cowan University in Perth, Western Australia, from which he graduated in 1994.[13]
Jackman has said he "always loved acting but when I started at drama school I was like the dunce of the class. It just wasn’t coming right to me. Everyone was cooler, everyone seemed more likely to succeed, everyone seemed more natural at it and in retrospect I think that is good. I think it is good to come from behind as an actor. I think it is good to go into an audition thinking 'Man I’ve got to be at my best to get this gig.'"[14]
Career[link]
Early work[link]
On the night of his final Academy graduation performance, Jackman received a phone call offering him a role on Correlli: "I was technically unemployed for thirteen seconds." Correlli, devised by Australian actress Denise Roberts, was a 10-part drama series on ABC, Jackman's first major professional job, and where he met his future wife Deborra-Lee Furness: "Meeting my wife was the greatest thing to come out of it."[7] The show lasted only one season.
After Correlli Jackman went on the stage in Melbourne. In 1996, Jackman played Gaston in the local Walt Disney production of Beauty and the Beast, and Joe Gillis in Sunset Boulevard.[4] During his stage musical career in Melbourne, he starred in the 1998 Midsumma festival cabaret production Summa Cabaret. He also hosted Melbourne's Carols by Candlelight and Sydney's Carols in the Domain.
Jackman's early film work includes Erskineville Kings and Paperback Hero (1999), and his television work includes Law of the Land, Halifax f.p., Blue Heelers, and Banjo Paterson's The Man from Snowy River.
[edit] Oklahoma!
Jackman became known outside of Australia in 1998, when he played the leading role of Curly in the Royal National Theatre's acclaimed stage production of Oklahoma!, in London's West End.[4] The performance earned him an Olivier Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical. Jackman said "I totally felt like it can't get any better than this. On some level that production will be one of the highlights of my career."[7] He also starred in the 1999 film version of the same stage musical, which has been screened in many countries.
[edit] X-Men
In 1999, Jackman was cast as Wolverine in Bryan Singer's X-Men (2000), replacing Dougray Scott. His co-stars included Patrick Stewart, James Marsden, Famke Janssen, and Ian McKellen. According to a CBS interview in November 2006, Jackman's wife Deborra-Lee Furness told him not to take the role, a comment she later told him she was glad he ignored.
Wolverine was tough for Jackman to portray because he had few lines, but a lot of emotion to convey in them. To prepare, he watched Clint Eastwood in the Dirty Harry movies and Mel Gibson in Road Warrior. "Here were guys who had relatively little dialogue, like Wolverine had, but you knew and felt everything. I'm not normally one to copy, but I wanted to see how these guys achieved it."[7] Jackman was adamant about doing his own stunts for the movie. "We worked a lot on the movement style of Wolverine, and I studied some martial arts. I watched a lot of Mike Tyson fights, especially his early fights. There's something about his style, the animal rage, that seemed right for Wolverine. I kept saying to the writers, 'Don't give me long, choreographed fights for the sake of it. Don't make the fights pretty."[7]
Jackman also had to get used to wearing Wolverine's claws. "Every day in my living room, I'd just walk around with those claws, to get used to them. I've got scars on one leg, punctures straight through the cheek, on my forehead. I'm a bit clumsy. I'm lucky I didn't tell them that when I auditioned."[7]
Jackman, at 6 feet 2.5 inches (1.89 m),[15] stands a foot taller than Wolverine, who is said in the original comic book to be 5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m).[16] Hence, the filmmakers were frequently forced to shoot Jackman at unusual angles or only from the waist up to make him appear shorter than he actually is, and his co-stars wore platform soles. Jackman was also required to add a great deal of muscle for the role, and in preparing for the fourth film in the series, he bench-pressed over 300 pounds.[17] An instant star upon the film's release, Jackman later reprised his role in 2003's X2: X-Men United, 2006's X-Men: The Last Stand, and 2009's X-Men Origins: Wolverine. He also cameos as Wolverine in 2011's X-Men: First Class.
2001[link]
Jackman starred as Leopold in the 2001 romantic comedy film Kate & Leopold, a role for which he received a Best Actor Golden Globe nomination.[4] Jackman plays a Victorian English duke who accidentally time-travels to 21st-century Manhattan, where he meets Kate (Meg Ryan), a cynical advertising executive. In 2001, Jackman also starred in the action/drama Swordfish with John Travolta and Halle Berry. This was the second time Jackman worked with Berry, and the two have worked together twice more in the X-Men movies.
He hosted an episode of Saturday Night Live in 2001.[18]
2002–2011 (Stage)[link]
In 2002, Jackman sang the role of Billy Bigelow in the musical Carousel in a special concert performance at Carnegie Hall with the Orchestra of St. Luke's.
In 2004, Jackman won the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical for his 2003–2004 Broadway portrayal of Australian songwriter and performer Peter Allen in the hit musical The Boy from Oz, which he also performed in Australia in 2006.[4] In addition, Jackman hosted the Tony Awards in 2003, 2004, and 2005, garnering positive reviews. His hosting of the 2004 Tony Awards earned him an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performer in a Variety, Musical or Comedy program.
Jackman co-starred with Daniel Craig on Broadway at the Schoenfeld Theatre in a limited engagement of the play A Steady Rain, which ran from 10 September 2009 to 6 December 2009.[19]
He returned to Broadway in a new show, Hugh Jackman, Back on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre, which began performances on 25 October 2011 and concluded on 1 January 2012.[20]
2003–2008 (Films)[link]
After 2003's X2: X-Men United, Jackman played the title role of monster killer Gabriel Van Helsing in the 2004 film Van Helsing.[4] Jackman and the film were noted in Bruce A. McClelland's book "Slayers and Their Vampires: A Cultural History of Killing the Dead".
Jackman was one of the choices to play James Bond in 2006's Casino Royale, but eventually lost out to Daniel Craig.[21] Jackman starred in the 2006 film The Prestige, directed by Christopher Nolan and co-starring Christian Bale, Michael Caine, and Scarlett Johansson. As Robert Angier, Jackman portrayed a magician who built up a rivalry with contemporary Alfred Borden in attempt to one-up each other in the art of deception. Jackman stated that his main reason for doing The Prestige was to work with the musician David Bowie, who played scientist Nikola Tesla.
Jackman portrayed three different characters in Darren Aronofsky's science-fiction film The Fountain: Tommy Creo, a neuroscientist, who's torn between his wife, Izzi (Rachel Weisz) who is dying of a brain tumor, and his work at trying to cure her; Captain Tomas Creo, a Spanish Conquistador in 1532 Seville; and a future astronaut, Tom, travelling to a golden nebula in an eco-spacecraft seeking to be reunited with Izzi. Jackman said The Fountain was his most difficult film thus far due to the physical and emotional demands of the part.
Jackman also starred in Woody Allen's 2006 film Scoop opposite Scarlett Johansson. That year he also reprised the role of Wolverine in X-Men: The Last Stand. He rounded out 2006 with two animated films: Happy Feet, directed by George Miller, in which he voiced the part of Memphis, an emperor penguin; and Flushed Away, where Jackman supplied the voice of a rat named Roddy who ends up being flushed down a family's toilet into the London sewer system. Flushed Away co-starred Kate Winslet and Ian McKellen (Jackman's fourth time working with him).
In 2007, Jackman produced and guest-starred in the television musical-dramedy series Viva Laughlin, which was canceled by CBS after two episodes. Jackman's 2008 movies included Deception (which he starred in and produced), Uncle Jonny, and Australia.
[edit] Australia
In 2008, director Baz Luhrmann cast Jackman to replace Russell Crowe as the male lead in his much-publicized epic film, Australia, which co-starred Nicole Kidman. The movie was released in late November 2008 in Australia and the U.S.
Jackman played a tough, independent cattle drover, who reluctantly helps an English noblewoman in her quest to save both her philandering husband's Australian cattle station and the half-caste Aboriginal child she finds there.
Of the movie, Jackman said, "This is pretty much one of those roles that had me pinching myself all the way through the shoot. I got to shoot a big-budget, shamelessly old-fashioned romantic epic set against one of the most turbulent times in my native country's history, while, at the same time, celebrating that country's natural beauty, its people, its cultures.... I'll die a happy man knowing I've got this film on my CV."[22]
2009 to present[link]
Jackman's X-Men sequel film, X-Men Origins: Wolverine, opened in 2009.
Jackman had a one-man show at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco from 3–15 May 2011.[23] The production was a mixture of his favorite Broadway and Hollywood musical numbers, backed by a 17-piece orchestra, from shows including Oklahoma and The Boy from Oz. The show had a run-time of approximately 100 minutes, and also included slide shows of Jackman's youth, family, and work, as well as some one-on-one interaction with the audience. Jackman was backed by fellow musical theatre veterans Merle Dandridge and Angel Reda.[24][25]
Future projects[link]
- Director Lee Daniels has confirmed Jackman has joined the cast of his upcoming film Selma, a film about Martin Luther King Jr. and Lyndon Baines Johnson and the civil rights marches.[26]
- On 27 January 2011, DreamWorks announced that Jackman will star in the film Rise of the Guardians, scheduled to be released on 21 November 2012.[27]
- Jackman has been cast in Movie 43, an upcoming 2012 ensemble comedy.[28]
- Jackman will star as Jean Valjean in the film Les Misérables, an adaptation of the musical.[29][30][31]
- Jackman will reprise his role as Logan/Wolverine from the X-Men film series in the 2013 film "The Wolverine"[32]
- Jackman will feature in the film "The Greatest Showman on Earth"[33]
Production company[link]
In 2005, Jackman joined with longtime assistant John Palermo to form a production company, Seed Productions, whose first project was Viva Laughlin in 2007. Jackman's wife Deborra-Lee Furness is also involved in the company, and Palermo had three rings made with a "unity" inscription for himself, Furness, and Jackman.[34] Jackman said, "I'm very lucky in the partners I work with in my life, Deb and John Palermo. It really works. We all have different strengths. I love it. It's very exciting."[35]
The Fox-based Seed label has grown in size to include execs Amanda Schweitzer, Kathryn Tamblyn, Allan Mandelbaum and Joe Marino, with Alana Free operating the Sydney-based production office whose goal is to mount modest-budget films to harness local talent in Jackman's home country.
Other interests[link]
Charity work[link]
As a philanthropist, Jackman is a longtime proponent of microcredit – the extension of very small loans to prospective entrepreneurs in impoverished countries. He is a vocal supporter of Muhammad Yunus, microcredit pioneer and the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner.[36][37][38]
Jackman is a global advisor of the Global Poverty Project, for which he narrated a documentary;[39] and he and the project's founder Hugh Evans visited the UN for the cause in 2009.[40] Jackman hosted a preview of the Global Poverty Project Presentation in New York together with Donna Karran, Lisa Fox and his wife Deborra-Lee.[41] He is also a World Vision ambassador and participated in the climate week NYC ceremony on 21 September 2009.[42][43]
Jackman supports The Art of Elysium[44] and the MPTV Fund Foundation,[45] and he and his wife Deborra-Lee Furness are patrons of the Bone Marrow Institute in Australia.[46] Jackman also narrated the 2008 documentary about global warming, The Burning Season.[47]
Jackman also uses his Twitter account for charity. On 14 April 2009 Jackman posted on his Twitter page that he would donate $100,000 to one individual's favorite non profit organization.[48] On 21 April 2009 he revealed his decision to donate $50,000 to Charity:Water and $50,000 to Operation of Hope.[49][50]
Hugh Jackman and Daniel Craig made a unique place for themselves in the history of Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS fundraising 8 December 2009, when it was announced that they had raised $1,549,953 in the 21st annual Gypsy of the Year competition, from six weeks of curtain appeals at their hit Broadway drama, A Steady Rain.[51]
Sports and other activities[link]
Jackman has shown keen interest in sports. In high school, he played rugby union and cricket, took part in high jumping and was on the swimming team.[4] He enjoys basketball and kayaking.[53] He has expressed an interest in football, committing his support to Norwich City FC.[54] In the United States, Jackman supports the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer, attending a game at PPL Park in June 2010.[55] On 22 June 2011, Jackman again attended a home Union match against Sporting KC, sitting in front of the Sons of Ben supporters section, nicknamed "The River End".
Jackman is a longtime fan and supporter of the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, a NRL club based in Sydney's north.[56] He sang the national anthem at the 1999 NRL Grand Final.[57]
Jackman also guest starred on the 19 September 2011 edition of WWE Monday Night Raw, assisting Zack Ryder in a win over WWE United States Champion Dolph Ziggler. Jackman helped "Long Island Iced Z" get the 3 count in a non-title match by punching the champion in the jaw whilst the referee was not looking.[58][59]
Jackman plays the piano,[60] does yoga,[61] and has been a member of the School of Practical Philosophy since 1992.[62]
Personal life[link]
Jackman married Deborra-Lee Furness on 11 April 1996. They met on Correlli, an Australian television series. Jackman personally designed an engagement ring for Furness, and their wedding rings bore the Sanskrit inscription "Om paramar mainamar", translated as "we dedicate our union to a greater source".[63]
Furness had two miscarriages,[64] following which she and Jackman adopted two children, Oscar Maximillian (born 15 May 2000)[65] and Ava Eliot (born 10 July 2005).[66]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | Law of the Land | Charles McCray | 1 episode |
| 1995 | Correlli | Kevin Jones | 10 episodes |
| 1995 | Blue Heelers | Brady Jackson | 1 episode |
| 1996 | Man from Snowy River, TheThe Man from Snowy River | Duncan Jones | 5 episodes |
| 1999 | Erskineville Kings | Wace | Film Critics Circle of Australia Award for Best Actor Nominated – Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor |
| 1999 | Paperback Hero | Jack Willis | |
| 2000 | X-Men | Logan / Wolverine | Saturn Award for Best Actor |
| 2001 | Kate & Leopold | Leopold | Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| 2001 | Someone Like You | Eddie | |
| 2001 | Swordfish | Stanley Jobson | |
| 2003 | X2 | Logan / Wolverine | Nominated – Empire Award for Best Actor |
| 2004 | Van Helsing | Gabriel Van Helsing | |
| 2004 | Van Helsing: The London Assignment | Gabriel Van Helsing | (voice) |
| 2005 | Stories of Lost Souls | Roger | segment "Standing Room Only" |
| 2006 | Happy Feet | Memphis | (voice) |
| 2006 | Flushed Away | Roddy | (voice) |
| 2006 | Prestige, TheThe Prestige | Robert Angier | Nominated – Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor |
| 2006 | Fountain, TheThe Fountain | Tomas / Tommy / Tom Creo | Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama |
| 2006 | Scoop | Peter Lyman | |
| 2006 | X-Men: The Last Stand | Logan / Wolverine | |
| 2007 | Viva Laughlin | Nicky Fontana | TV series, also executive producer |
| 2008 | Deception | Wyatt Bose | Producer |
| 2008 | Uncle Jonny | Uncle Russell | |
| 2008 | Australia | The Drover | Nominated – Teen Choice Award for Choice Actor in a Drama |
| 2008 | Burning Season, TheThe Burning Season | Narrator | Documentary |
| 2009 | X-Men Origins: Wolverine | Logan / Wolverine | Also producer |
| 2011 | X-Men: First Class | Logan / Wolverine | Uncredited cameo IGN Award for Favorite Cameo[67] Scream Award for Best Cameo |
| 2011 | Snow Flower and the Secret Fan | Arthur | |
| 2011 | Real Steel | Charlie Kenton | People's Choice Award for Favorite Action Movie Actor Nominated - People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor |
| 2012 | Butter | Boyd Bolton | Post-production |
| 2012 | Rise of the Guardians | Bunnymund (Easter Bunny) | (voice); Post-production |
| 2012 | Les Misérables | Jean Valjean | Filming |
Awards and nominations[link]
Awards[link]
- 1997 Variety Club Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Sunset Boulevard
- 1998 Mo Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Sunset Boulevard
- 1999 Australian Movie Convention, Australian Star of the Year
- 2000 Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards for Best Actor Erskineville Kings
- 2000 Saturn Award for Best Actor – X-Men
- 2001 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films - X-Men
- 2004 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 Theatre World Award – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 Broadway Audience Award – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance of the Year – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Actor in a Musical – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 TDF-Astaire Award for Best Male Dancer in Theatre – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 Theater Fan's Choice Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical – The Boy from Oz
- 2004 New York International Independent Film & Video Festival – Short Film Award for Best Actor – "Making the Grade"
- 2004 Australian Showbusiness Ambassador of the Year
- 2005 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program – 58th Annual Tony Awards Ceremonies
- 2006 ShoWest Award for Male Star of the Year
Jackman and Halle Berry visiting with sailors and Marines during the opening day of Fleet Week New York 2006
- 2006 Mo Award for Australian Performer of the Year
- 2008 WAAPA – Chancellor's Alumni Award for Excellence, UTS Towering Achievement Award
- 2008 Australian Dance Award for Outstanding Performance in a Stage Musical – The Boy from Oz
- 2008 Australian Film Institute Award Readers' Choice
- 2008 People Magazine's Sexiest Man Alive Award
- 2008 Australian GQ Man of the Year
- 2008 Teen Choice Award for Choice Actor in an Action Adventure X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2009 Jackman had his hand and footprint ceremony on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 21 April 2009.[68]
- 2009 Best Performance By A Human Male at the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards as Wolverine in X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2010 People's Choice Award for Favorite Action Star – X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2011 Scream Award for Best Cameo - X-Men: First Class
- 2012 People's Choice Award for Favorite Action Movie Actor - Real Steel
Nominations[link]
- 1997 Mo Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Beauty and the Beast
- 1998 Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Oklahoma!
- 1999 Australian Film Institute for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role - Erskineville Kings
- 2001 Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy – Kate & Leopold
- 2001 CFCA Award for Most Promising Actor
- 2001 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards for Favorite Male - X-Men
- 2001 MTV Movie Awards for Best On-Screen Team - X-Men
- 2001 MTV Movie Awards for Breakthrough Male Performance - X-Men
- 2002 Golden Globes for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Kate & Leopold
- 2003 Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor - X-Men 2
- 2004 Empire Awards for Best Actor - X-Men 2
- 2004 MTV Movie Awards for Best Fight - X-Men 2
- 2004 Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Actor - Van Helsing
- 2004 Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Chemistry - Van Helsing
- 2005 People's Choice Awards for Favorite Male Action Movie Star
- 2005 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program - [[58th Tony Awards|58th Annual Tony Awards Ceremonies
- 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program – 59th Annual Tony Awards Ceremonies
- 2006 Green Room Award for Best Male Artist in a Leading Role – The Boy from Oz
- 2006 Teen Choice Awards for Choice Actor - X-Men: The Last Stand
- 2006 Teen Choice Awards for Choice Liplock - X-Men: The Last Stand
- 2007 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films for Best Actor - The Fountain
- 2007 Australian Film Institute for Best Actor - The Prestige
- 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Programs - 81st Academy Awards
- 2009 Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Drama Actor - Australia
- 2009 Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Hissy Fit - X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2009 Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Rumble - X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2010 MTV Movie Awards for Best Fight - X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2010 People's Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actor
- 2010 People's Choice Awards for Favorite On-Screen Team - X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2010 SFX Awards for Best Actor - X-Men Origins: Wolverine
- 2012 People's Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actor
Mentions in popular culture[link]
- Jackman was chosen as People magazine's Sexiest Man Alive of 2008.[2]
- In the ABC comedy-drama Scrubs, one of the more prominent running gags is Dr. Cox's (John C. McGinley) seemingly irrational hatred of Jackman.
- In the 7th season of Punk'd, Jackman was led to believe that he had accidentally blown up director Brett Ratner's house.[69]
- On the Season 6, Episode 13 of Will & Grace, which aired on 10 February 2004, the character Jack McFarland (Sean Hayes), mentions he is going to see The Boy From Oz, because he can not wait to see Hugh Jackman.[70] He later discusses wanting to sue Jackman for stealing some of his dance moves.
References[link]
- ^ http://open.salon.com/blog/kaysong/2008/11/10/my_sexiest_men_living
- ^ a b "Hugh Jackman: The Sexiest Man Alive". People. 19 November 2008. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20241213,00.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Gans, Andrew."Tony Winner Jackman to Host Academy Awards," playbill.com, 12 December 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Hugh Jackman". Inside the Actors Studio. Bravo. ; can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sf6DH_LKjro
- ^ http://blog.1911census.co.uk/2010/02/family-history-for-actor-hugh-jackman/
- ^ "Hugh Jackman relishes performing – More news and other features – MSNBC.com". http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4893079/. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g Biography Today. Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics. 2010. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7808-1058-7.
- ^ Scobie, Claire (18 December 2008). "Hugh Jackman: X Appeal". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/3833405/Hugh-Jackman-X-appeal.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ http://www.uppingham.co.uk/hollywood-star-hugh-jackman-returns-to-uppingham
- ^ "Alumnus Hugh Jackman honoured at UTS 20-year celebration". http://www.newsroom.uts.edu.au/news/detail.cfm?ItemId=11098. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ LarRviere, Serafin (2011-06-30). "Hugh Jackman on overcoming his fear of being called a poof". xtra.ca. http://www.xtra.ca/public/Toronto/Hugh_Jackman_on_overcoming_his_fear_of_being_called_a_poof-10397.aspx. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^ "home and away". http://www.tiscali.co.uk/entertainment/film/biographies/hugh_jackman_biog/2.html. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ "Jackman back as boy from Waapa". http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&ContentID=8095. Retrieved 27 May 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Karmali, Ziyah. "Interview: Hugh Jackman". Shave Magazine. http://www.shavemagazine.com/entertainment/interview-Hugh-Jackman/2. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ "Hugh Jackman". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0413168/bio. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
- ^ Marvel Universe: Wolverine (James Howlett) Marvel.com
- ^ Fleming, Michael (December 2008). "Playboy Interview: Hugh Jackman". Playboy: 62.
- ^ "saturday night live" imdb.com
- ^ Gans, Andrew."A Steady Rain, with Craig and Jackman, to Play Broadway's Schoenfeld" playbill.com, 9 July 2009
- ^ Photo Flash: HUGH JACKMAN, BACK ON BROADWAY- Production Shots!
- ^ "Call him Bland, James Bland – MSNBC". http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9546090/.
- ^ "Big Down Under – HQ, Entertainment". Herald.ie. 11 December 2008. http://www.herald.ie/entertainment/hq/big-down-under-1570944.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Hurwitt, Robert (21 March 2011). "Hugh Jackman exclusive at Curran Theatre in May". SFGate. http://articles.sfgate.com/2011-03-21/entertainment/29149678_1_hugh-jackman-thrill-sets. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ^ Ayres-Fredrick, Linda (12 May 2011). "Hot Hugh Jackman in Vegas Mode". Sfbaytimes.com. http://www.sfbaytimes.com/?sec=article&article_id=15133. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ^ http://www.contracostatimes.com/ci_18000355?
- ^ "Hugh Jackman To Topline Daniel's 'Selma'". hollywood.com. http://www.hollywood.com/news/Hugh_Jackman_To_Topline_Daniels_Selma/6830009. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
- ^ "DreamWorks Animation Names All-Star Cast Featuring Chris Pine, Alec Baldwin, Hugh Jackman, Isla Fisher and Jude Law for Rise of the Guardians on November 21, 2012". 27 January 2011. http://ir.dreamworksanimation.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=545929. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ "Movie 43 is Upcoming Movie of Emma Stone, Release Date, Cast, Wallpapers". http://www.viewsbuzz.com/movie-43-is-upcoming-movie-of-emma-stone-release-date-cast-wallpapers. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ Hugh Jackman Is Russell Crowe's Quarry in Les Miserables Film
- ^ "Hugh Jackman in Talks to Star in Les Miserables Adaptation". The Hollywood Reporter. 15 June 2011. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hugh-jackman-talks-star-les-202114. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ^ Fleming, Mike (15 June 2011). "If Hugh Jackman Plays Jean Valjean, Will Paul Bettany Play Javert In Les Miserables?". Deadline.com. http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/if-hugh-jackman-plays-jean-valjean-will-paul-bettany-play-javert-in-les-miserables/. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ^ "Release Date For The Wolverine Finally Confirmed". The Hollywood News. 8 February 2012. http://www.thehollywoodnews.com/2012/02/08/release-date-for-the-wolverine-finally-confirmed/. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ "Michael Gracey to Direct Hugh Jackman in Fox's 'Greatest Showman on Earth'". The Wrap. 17 August 2011. http://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/michael-gracey-direct-hugh-jackman-foxs-pt-barnum-movie-30194. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ "Movies Online". Moviesonline.ca. http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_10478.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Movie News". Comingsoon.net. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=17540. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Hugh Jackman Congratulates Professor Yunus (video)
- ^ "Books That Made a Difference to Hugh Jackman." Oprah.com
- ^ "Hugh Jackman's Bookshelf: Banker to the Poor, by Muhammad Yunus." Oprah.com
- ^ "Global Poverty Project narrated by Hugh Jackman". Looktothestars.org. http://www.looktothestars.org/video/84-global-poverty-project-narrated-by-hugh-jackman. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Hugh Jackman goes to UN[dead link]
- ^ "Hugh Evans, LIsa Fox, Deborra-Lee Furness – The Global Poverty Project Presents "1.4 Billion Reasons" – Photo". LIFE. 14 December 2009. http://www.life.com/image/94457143. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Dennis Shanahan, Political editor in New York (22 September 2009). "Hugh Jackman steals lead role on climate". Theaustralian.news.com.au. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26108892-5013871,00.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "World Vision ambassador Hugh Jackman speaks on climate change". Worldvision.org. 16 September 2009. http://www.worldvision.org/content.nsf/about/20090916-hugh-jackman. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ The Art of Elysium
- ^ "MPTV Fund Foundation". Mptvfund.org. http://www.mptvfund.org/cm/about-us/Home.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Bone Marrow Donor Institute". Bmdi.org.au. http://www.bmdi.org.au. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "The Burning Season". Theburningseasonmovie.com. 15 January 2010. http://www.theburningseasonmovie.com. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Charity Tweet". Twitter. 14 April 2009. http://twitter.com/RealHughJackman/status/1519899038. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ 19 April 2009 Pete Cashmore View Comments (19 April 2009). "Jackman Reveals Charity Donation". Mashable.com. http://mashable.com/2009/04/24/twitter-on-the-radio-hugh-jackman-reveals-100k-charity-donation/Hugh. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Operation of Hope". Operation of Hope. 13 June 2009. http://www.operationofhope.org/. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Broadway Cares". Broadway Cares. 9 February 2010. http://www.broadwaycares.org. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Vyavahare, Renuka (24 March 2011). "Hugh Jackman arrives in India". The Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-24/news-interviews/29182555_1_hugh-jackman-deborra-lee-furness-maiden-visit. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ "Sydney Morning Herald – Kayaking". Sydney Morning Herald. 13 February 2006. http://www.smh.com.au/news/people/jackman-in-training-for-boy-from-oz/2006/02/13/1139679526894.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Sky Sports Interview". Skysports.com. http://www.skysports.com/socceram/media/video/0,21631,,00.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ . http://articles.philly.com/2010-06-29/news/24963149_1_traffic-reporter-john-brown-film.
- ^ "ManlySeaEagles.com.au". ManlySeaEagles.com.au. http://www.manlyseaeagles.com.au/news.asp?newsid=2155&Mth=7&Yr=2007. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Hugh Jackman Biography". Monsters and Critics. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/archive/peoplearchive.php/Hugh_Jackman/biography/. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2011-09-19/results
- ^ "Hugh Jackman Comes Out Swinging An AWESOME Punch!!". TMZ. http://www.tmz.com/2011/09/20/hugh-jackman-punches-guy-in-the-face-wwe-zack-ryder-dolph-ziggler-monday-night-raw-real-steel/#.ToJ2kCdhic0. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
- ^ "Hugh Jackman takes up piano lessons". Starswelove.com. http://www.starswelove.com/scriptsphp/news.php?newsid=3524. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Hugh Jackman: Actor". People. 14 May 2001. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20134364,00.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ School of Practical Philosophy
- ^ "Enough Rope with Andrew Denton". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 March 2004. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1076056.htm. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Furness on enough rope-adoption". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 March 2004. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1076056.htm. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Jenny Schafer (16 May 2010). "Hugh Jackman & His Birthday Boy". CelebrityBabyScoop.com. http://www.celebritybabyscoop.com/2010/05/16/hugh-jackman-his-birthday-boy. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ "Hugh Jackman & His Wife Adopt a Daughter". People. 27 July 2005. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1087514,00.html. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ "2011 IGN Award for Favorite Cameo". IGN. http://uk.ign.com/lists/summer-movie-awards-2011/favorite-cameo. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ Mitchell, Peter (22 April 2009). "Hugh Jackman's prints recorded in cement". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25368931-5012748,00.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Hugh Jackman gets seriously punk'd". Celebrific.com. http://www.celebrific.com/x-men-hugh-jackman-gets-seriously-punkd-by-ashton-kutcher. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0748812/plotsummary
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hugh Jackman |
- Hugh Jackman at the Internet Movie Database
- Hugh Jackman at the Internet Broadway Database
- Hugh Jackman at People.com
- 'A Steady Rain' Rules Broadway – opening night blog at broadway.tv
- Jackman, Hugh National Library of Australia, Trove, People and Organisation record for Hugh Jackman
| Preceded by Matt Damon |
People's Sexiest Man Alive 2008 |
Succeeded by Johnny Depp |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jackman, Hugh Michael |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Actor |
| Date of birth | 12 October 1968 |
| Place of birth | Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Hugh_Jackman
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Hugh Jackman
http://cs.wn.com/Hugh Jackman
http://id.wn.com/Hugh Jackman
http://es.wn.com/Hugh Jackman
http://ru.wn.com/Джекман, Хью
http://nl.wn.com/Hugh Jackman
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Jackman
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) |
| Billy Gilman | |
|---|---|
 Billy Gilman in 2000 while in concert in Boston. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | William Wendell Gilman III |
| Born | (1988-05-24) May 24, 1988 (age 24) |
| Origin | Hope Valley, Rhode Island, United States |
| Genres | Country |
| Years active | 1999–present |
| Associated acts | Ray Benson Asleep at the Wheel |
| Website | Official Website |
William Wendell "Billy" Gilman III (born May 24, 1988) is an American country music artist. In 2000, at the age of 11, he debuted with the single "One Voice," a Top 20 hit on the Billboard country music charts and became the youngest singer to a Top 40 hit on the country music charts. An album of the same name was released later that year on Epic Records, and was certified Double Platinum in the United States. Following it was a Christmas album Classic Christmas and Dare to Dream, both of which were certified gold. He exited Epic's roster and signed to Image Entertainment in 2005 releasing Everything and More. In 2006, he released the self-titled Billy Gilman.
Contents |
Biography[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130113033206/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion with: more biographical info. |
William Wendell Gilman III was born on May 24, 1988, in Westerly, Rhode Island, he was raised in Hope Valley, Rhode Island.[1] Gilman began singing before he was in school, and gave his first public performance at age 7. At the age of 9, Gilman was discovered by Ray Benson of Asleep at the Wheel, who helped him record demos.[1] Gilman was then signed to Epic Records Nashville in 2000.
Musical career[link]
On September 10, 2001, he was voted the European's most awarded new country artist, becoming the youngest contender to ever win that prize. He was also given entry into the Guinness Book of World Records for being the youngest singer to reach #1 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.[2] He was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance for his debut single "One Voice" and was nominated for Best Country Song for the songwriters, Don Cook and David Malloy. That same year, he appeared in the tribute album Country Goes Raffi, performing the Raffi song "Baby Beluga."
On September 7 and September 10, 2001, Gilman performed the song "Ben" at Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special in New York which was later televised. It was originally sung by Michael Jackson in 1972.
Gilman was featured on Welsh soprano Charlotte Church's album Dream A Dream and released a Christmas album in 2000 titled Classic Christmas, which was certified Gold by the RIAA. In 2003, Billy released his fourth album, Dare to Dream,[1] which was also certified gold, although its singles "Elisabeth" and "She's My Girl" both fell short of Top 40 on the Billboard country singles charts.
In 2002, Gilman took part in a reading for the then Broadway-bound musical A Tale of Two Cities, in which he played 'The Young Man', who is Madame DeFarge's brother.
His final album for Epic was entitled Music Through Heartsongs: Songs Based on the Poems of Mattie J.T. Stepanek. These songs were based on poems written by Mattie Stepanek, a poet with muscular dystrophy who died in 2004.[1]
Gilman signed to Image Entertainment in 2005 for the release of his fifth album, Everything and More. A self-titled album followed in 2006.
Personal life[link]
Gilman lives in Hope Valley, Rhode Island with his parents Bill and Fran Gilman and his younger brother Colin, frequently flying back to Nashville to write and record.[citation needed] He is also a Celebrity Ambassador for the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA).
Discography[link]
Studio albums[link]
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Certifications (sales threshold) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country [3] |
US [4] |
US Indie [5] |
|||
| One Voice[A] |
|
2 | 22 | — | |
| Dare to Dream |
|
6 | 45 | — |
|
| Music Through Heartsongs |
|
15 | 109 | — | |
| Everything and More |
|
39 | — | 17 | |
| Billy Gilman |
|
55 | — | 29 | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||
Holiday albums[link]
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Certifications (sales threshold) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country [3] |
US [4] |
US Holiday [9] |
|||
| Classic Christmas |
|
4 | 42 | 5 |
|
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country [10] |
US [11] |
US AC [12] |
UK [13] |
|||
| 2000 | "One Voice"[A] | 20 | 38 | 29 | 84 | One Voice |
| "Oklahoma" | 33 | 63 | — | — | ||
| 2001 | "There's a Hero" | — | — | — | — | |
| "She's My Girl" | 50 | — | — | — | Dare to Dream | |
| "Elisabeth" | 56 | — | — | — | ||
| 2005 | "Everything and More" | — | — | — | — | Everything and More |
| "Hey, Little Suzie (The Cause of All That)" | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2006 | "Gonna Find Love" | — | — | — | — | Billy Gilman |
| "Southern Star" | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2007 | "Crying" | — | — | — | — | Non-album song |
| 2008 | "When You Come Home" | — | — | — | — | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | ||||||
Other charted songs[link]
| Year | Single | Peak positions | Album |
|---|---|---|---|
| US Country [10] |
|||
| 2000 | "Warm and Fuzzy" | 50 | Classic Christmas |
Music videos[link]
| Year | Video | Director |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | "One Voice" | Trey Fanjoy |
| "Oklahoma" | ||
| "Warm and Fuzzy" | David McClister | |
| 2001 | "There's a Hero" | Brent Hedgecock |
| "She's My Girl" | ||
| "Elisabeth" | Shaun Silva | |
| 2003 | "I Am (Shades of Life)" | |
| 2005 | "Everything and More" | Alec Asten |
| "Hey, Little Suzie (The Cause of All That)" | ||
| 2012 | "The Choice" (Billy Gilman & Friends) | Sean Thomas |
Footnotes[link]
- ^ a b c d Huey, Steve. "Billy Gilman biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p425379/biography. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
- ^ http://billygilman.com/online/contact.html
- ^ a b "Billy Gilman Album & Song Chart History - Country Albums". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/billy-gilman/chart-history/392210?f=320&g=Albums. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ a b "Billy Gilman Album & Song Chart History - Billboard 200". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/billy-gilman/chart-history/392210?f=305&g=Albums. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Billy Gilman Album & Song Chart History - Independent Albums". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/billy-gilman/chart-history/392210?f=326&g=Albums. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ a b c Gilman&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50 "RIAA - Gold & Platinum - September 26, 2010: Billy Gilman certified albums". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Billy Gilman&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum". Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php#album. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Country Albums/CDs". RPM. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=f7atlpajr7ejeafcv6vcn5liq1&q1=Billy+Gilman&q2=Country+Albums%2FCDs&interval=20. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Billy Gilman Album & Song Chart History - Holiday Albums". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/billy-gilman/chart-history/392210?f=325&g=Albums. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ a b "Billy Gilman Album & Song Chart History - Country Songs". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/billy-gilman/chart-history/392210?f=357&g=Singles. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Billy Gilman Album & Song Chart History - Hot 100". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/billy-gilman/chart-history/392210. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Billy Gilman Album & Song Chart History - Adult Contemporary". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/billy-gilman/chart-history/392210?f=341&g=Singles. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Chart Log UK: Gina G. - GZA". Official Charts Company. http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_G.HTM. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
- ^ "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Country Singles". RPM. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=f7atlpajr7ejeafcv6vcn5liq1&q1=Billy+Gilman&q2=Country+Singles&interval=20. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gilman, Billy |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | May 24, 1988 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Billy_Gilman
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Гилман, Билли
http://nl.wn.com/Billy Gilman
http://pt.wn.com/Billy Gilman
http://fr.wn.com/Billy Gilman
http://pl.wn.com/Billy Gilman
http://it.wn.com/Billy Gilman
http://id.wn.com/Billy Gilman
http://es.wn.com/Billy Gilman
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Gilman
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
_.jpeg){kind=link}
