- published: 08 Jun 2012
- views: 477
- author: MIVIDE0
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
MORE VIDEOS
- Darwen
- Martin Stephenson
- Doreen Massey, Baroness Massey of Darwen
- Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
- Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- A.F.C. Darwen
- A666
- A666 road
- Accrington
- Accrington Pals
- Acrylic glass
- Aeroplane
- Air pollution
- Anaglypta
- Anchor Ground
- Andrew Carnegie
- Bacup
- Barnoldswick
- BB postcode area
- Beatrix Potter
- Blackburn
- Blackpool
- Blackpool Tower
- Blancmange (band)
- Bolton
- Borough of Burnley
- Borough of Chorley
- Borough of Fylde
- Bronze Age
- Bryn Haworth
- Brythonic languages
- Burnley
- Bus lane
- Capita Group
- Carnforth
- Chapels
- Charlie Chaplin
- China Crisis
- Chorley
- City of Lancaster
- Claret Jug
- Clayton-le-Moors
- Cleveleys
- Clitheroe
- Coat of Arms
- Coat of arms
- Colne
- Cotton mill
- Crown Paints
- Crown Wallpaper
- Darwen
- Darwen F.C.
- Darwen Library
- Darwen Tower
- Diamond Jubilee
- Dick Burton (golfer)
- Districts of England
- Earby
- Earcroft
- Eccles Shorrock
- Ed Miliband
- Edgworth
- Edmund Potter
- Education Act 1870
- England
- FA Cup
- Feniscowles
- First World War
- Flash flood
- Fleetwood
- Football League
- For Darwen Party
- Furness Peninsula
- Garstang
- George Formby, Jr.
- George Orwell
- Great Harwood
- Greyhound racing
- Haslingden
- Helmet (heraldry)
- Heysham
- Hoddlesden
- Huddersfield Town
- Hyndburn
- Isle of Man
- Jake Berry
- Jubilee Tower
- Kirkham, Lancashire
- Labour Party (UK)
- Lancashire
- Lancashire Telegraph
- Lancaster Canal
- Leyland, Lancashire
- Liberal Democrats
- Liberal Party (UK)
- Lincrusta
- Longridge
- Lord of the Manor
- Lower Darwen
- Lytham St Annes
- M65 motorway
- Manchester
- Margaret Chapman
- Mark Patterson
- Market town
- Marsh House, Darwen
- Mick livesey
- Mining
- Mirabehn
- Mohandas K. Gandhi
- Moorland
- Morecambe
- Municipal borough
- Neil Arthur
- Nelson, Lancashire
- Nonconformist
- Norman Wisdom
- North Wales
- North West England
- Northern Rail
- Old Welsh
- Ordnance Survey
- Ormskirk
- Oswaldtwistle
- Padiham
- Pendle
- Penwortham
- Pick-axe
- Population density
- Post town
- Poulton-le-Fylde
- Preesall
- Preston, Lancashire
- Racing Post
- Rawtenstall
- Regions of England
- Ribble Valley
- Ribble Valley Line
- Rishton
- River Darwen
- River Hodder
- River Irwell
- River Lune
- River Ribble
- River Wyre
- Roman Baths
- Roman Britain
- Rossendale
- Sam Wadsworth
- Samuel Crompton
- Skelmersdale
- South Ribble
- Spinning mule
- Sudell
- Sunnyhurst
- Supermarine Spitfire
- Template Lancashire
- Textile
- The Buzzcocks
- Thornton, Lancashire
- Torse
- Tumulus
- Unitary authority
- United Kingdom
- Victorian era
- Wesham
- West Lancashire
- Whitehall, Darwen
- Wikipedia Cleanup
- Working classes
- Wyre
-
107 The Bee
The Bee is a local radio station in England. It won the licence to broadcast to parts of Lancashire in December 2004, and launched on 1 October 2005. The station is owned by UKRD. The Bee operated two trial broadcasts in 2001 and 2002 to help win the licence.
The station broadcasts to Blackburn with Darwen and Hyndburn on 107 FM. In addition it broadcasts to Preston, South Ribble and Chorley on 106.5 FM. From 2005 The Bee broadcast on only 107 FM, but on Friday 17 June at 19:00, The Bee also began broadcasting on 106.5 FM following the sale of Preston-based 106.5 Central Radio to the UKRD Group. Since this date all programming on the Preston 106.5 FM transmitter is shared with original Blackburn service, with no local programming to Preston.
The station is located in Clayton-le-Moors, Accrington. It initially broadcast from Dalton Court, Darwen, From 2005. In August 2010, The Bee moved to their new building which they share with sister UKRD station 99.8 FM 2BR. Although neither station share any programmes, both stations share facilities and some staff.
wn.com/107_The_Bee -
A.F.C. Darwen
A.F.C. Darwen is a football club from Darwen in Lancashire, North West England. The team, formed in 1870 as Darwen F.C., currently play in the Division One of the North West Counties League. They play their home games at the Anchor Ground.
The club originally played rugby football as well as cricket. It adopted Association rules in 1875.
In October 1878, at their Barley Bank ground, Darwen played a representative team from Blackburn under floodlights. This is believed to be one of the first after Coventry City where the first team to use floodlights in the game. The game was a huge success (not only because Darwen won 3–0) but the experiment was not repeated in that era.
Darwen was the first club from the North of England to achieve any success in the F.A. Cup, reaching the quarter finals in 1879. They caused controversy in this competition by signing two professional players, Fergie Suter and James Love, both from Partick Thistle, a Scottish club based in Glasgow. This is believed to be the first involvement of professional players in English football. One London club proposed that "no side which does not consist entirely of amateurs, as defined by the rules to be drawn up by the committee, be entitled to compete in the Challenge Cup competition". The motion was defeated and Darwen travelled down to the Oval to play the great amateur side Old Etonians in the quarter–final. They needed to make the journey three times, drawing 5–5 and 2–2 before losing 6–2 in the second replay.
wn.com/A.F.C._Darwen -
A666
The A666 is a major road in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, England. Known as Manchester Road, Bolton Road, or Blackburn Road, depending on which area it is in, it runs from its junction with A6 and A580 at the Irlams o' th' Height boundary with Pendlebury near Manchester, through Pendlebury, Clifton, Kearsley, Farnworth, Bolton, Darwen and Blackburn before meeting the A59 at Langho. Along the route are the West Pennine Moors, the Turton and Entwistle reservoir and the Entwistle reservoir forest.
It is sometimes referred to as the Devil's Highway or the Devil's Road because of Biblical associations of its number 666, and its high accident rate on the moors between Egerton and Darwen. Conversely, for a short length from the M61 Kearsley spur and bypassing Farnworth to central Bolton, it is officially called St. Peter's Way.
Road works (speed limit changed from 70mph to 50mph, speed cameras, better safety fencing, banning cyclists from the road, slip road changes) finished at the start of 2000 reduced the traffic accident by 60%. Before this it was having 26 traffic accidents a year with 40 people injured.
wn.com/A666 -
A666 road
The A666 is a major road in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, England. Known as Manchester Road, Bolton Road, or Blackburn Road, depending on which area it is in, it runs from its junction with A6 and A580 at the Irlams o' th' Height boundary with Pendlebury near Manchester, through Pendlebury, Clifton, Kearsley, Farnworth, Bolton, Darwen and Blackburn before meeting the A59 at Langho. Along the route are the West Pennine Moors, the Turton and Entwistle reservoir and the Entwistle reservoir forest.
It is sometimes referred to as the Devil's Highway or the Devil's Road because of Biblical associations of its number 666, and its high accident rate on the moors between Egerton and Darwen. Conversely, for a short length from the M61 Kearsley spur and bypassing Farnworth to central Bolton, it is officially called St. Peter's Way.
Road works (speed limit changed from 70mph to 50mph, speed cameras, better safety fencing, banning cyclists from the road, slip road changes) finished at the start of 2000 reduced the traffic accident by 60%. Before this it was having 26 traffic accidents a year with 40 people injured.
wn.com/A666_road -
Accrington
Coordinates: 53°45′12″N 2°21′50″W / 53.75337°N 2.36384°W / 53.75337; -2.36384
Accrington is a town in Lancashire, within the borough of Hyndburn. It lies about 4 miles (6 km) east of Blackburn, 6 miles (10 km) west of Burnley, 20 miles (32 km) north of Manchester city centre and is situated on the mostly culverted River Hyndburn. The town has a population of 35,203 according to the 2001 census and the urban area has a population of over 70,000.
The town is a former centre of the cotton and textile machinery industries. The town is famed for manufacturing the hardest and densest building bricks in the world, "The Accrington NORI" (iron), which were used in the construction of the Empire State Building and for the foundations of Blackpool Tower; famous for its football team and for having Europe's largest collection of Tiffany Glass.
Accrington is commonly abbreviated by locals to "Accy".
The name Accrington appears to be Anglo-Saxon in origin. Its derivation is uncertain.
In the records it variously appears as Akarinton in 1194; Akerunton, Akerinton and Akerynton in 1258; Acrinton in 1292; Ackryngton in 1311 and Acryngton in 1324.
wn.com/Accrington -
Bacup
Coordinates: 53°42′14″N 2°11′56″W / 53.704°N 2.199°W / 53.704; -2.199
Bacup (
/ˈbeɪkəp/) is a town within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. It is located amongst the South Pennines, along Lancashire's eastern boundary with West Yorkshire. The town sits within a rural setting in the Forest of Rossendale, amongst the steep-sided upper-Irwell Valley, through which the River Irwell passes. It is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) east of Rawtenstall, 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north of Rochdale, and 21 miles (34 km) east of Preston. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Bacup—which encompasses the outlying communities of Britannia, Stacksteads, Rockcliffe, Trough Gate and Weir—had a population of 12,763.
Bacup emerged as a settlement following the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the Early Middle Ages. For centuries, Bacup was a small and obscure centre of domestic flannel and woollen cloth production, and many of the original weavers' cottages survive today as listed buildings. Following the Industrial Revolution Bacup became a mill town, its landscape dominated by distinctive and large rectangular woollen and cotton mills. Bacup received a charter of incorporation in 1882, giving it honorific borough status and its own elected town government, consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors to oversee local affairs.
wn.com/Bacup -
Barnoldswick
Coordinates: 53°54′53″N 2°11′22″W / 53.9147°N 2.1895°W / 53.9147; -2.1895
Barnoldswick (colloquially known as Barlick) is a town and civil parish within the West Craven area of the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England just outside the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town is built in the shadow of Weets Hill, and Stock Beck, a tributary of the River Ribble runs through the town. It has a population of 10,859.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and nestling on the lower slopes of Weets Hill in the Pennines astride the natural watershed between the Ribble and Aire valleys, Barnoldswick is the highest town on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, lying as it does on the summit level of the canal between Barrowford Locks to the south west and Greenberfield Locks just north east of the town. It is approximately 30 miles (48 km) from the cities of Leeds, Manchester and Preston, and 27 miles (43 km) east southeast from the county town of Lancaster. Nearby towns include Clitheroe to the west, Nelson and Burnley to the south and Keighley to the east southeast.
wn.com/Barnoldswick -
Blackburn
Coordinates: 53°44′42″N 2°28′37″W / 53.7449°N 2.4769°W / 53.7449; -2.4769
Blackburn ( pronounced /ˈblækbɜrn/) (help·info)) is a large town in Lancashire, England. It lies to the north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley, 9 miles (14 km) east of the city of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north-northwest of the city of Manchester. and is 13 miles (21 km) north of the border with Greater Manchester. Blackburn is bounded to the south by Darwen, with which it forms the unitary authority area of Blackburn with Darwen, Blackburn being the administrative centre. At the time of the UK Government's 2001 census, Blackburn had a population of 105,085, whilst the wider borough of Blackburn with Darwen had a population of 140,700.
A former mill town, textiles have been produced in Blackburn since the middle of the 13th century, when wool was woven in people's houses in the domestic system. Flemish weavers who settled in the area during the 14th century helped to develop the woollen cottage industry in the region.James Hargreaves, inventor of the spinning jenny, was a weaver in Blackburn. The most rapid period of growth and development in Blackburn's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Blackburn was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first industrialised towns in the world.
wn.com/Blackburn -
Blackpool
Blackpool
i/ˈblækpuːl/ is a borough, seaside town, and unitary authority area of Lancashire, in North West England. It is situated along England's west coast by the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, 17.5 miles (28.2 km) northwest of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north of Liverpool, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Bolton and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manchester. It has an estimated population of 140,000, making it the third most populous settlement in North West England after Manchester and Liverpool, and a population density that makes it the fourth most densely populated borough of England and Wales outside Greater London.
Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Lancashire's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast during the summer to bathe in sea water to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km) sandy beach were able to use a newly built private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.
wn.com/Blackpool -
Blackpool Tower
Blackpool Tower is a tourist attraction in Blackpool, Lancashire in England which was opened to the public on 14 May 1894. (grid reference SD 306 360). Inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris, it rises to 518 feet 9 inches (158.12 metres). The tower is a member of the World Federation of Great Towers. The tower is a Grade 1 listed building.
The idea for the tower came when Blackpool Mayor John Bickerstaffe commissioned the design of a new landmark for the town after he visited the Exposition Universelle (World Fair) of 1889 and was impressed by the Eiffel Tower. When he returned to Blackpool he set up a committee of businessmen in order to raise the funds to build a similar design in the town.
He invested £2,000 of his own money to form, with other local investors, the Blackpool Tower Company Limited, registered on 19 February 1891.
Two Lancashire architects, James Maxwell and Charles Tuke, designed the Tower and oversaw the laying of its foundation stone, on 29 September 1891 with a time capsule buried beneath it. By the time the Tower finally opened on 14 May 1894, both men had died. The total cost for the design and construction of the tower and buildings was about £290,000. Five million bricks, 2,500 tonnes of iron and 93 tonnes of cast steel were used to construct the tower. The cast steel and iron are distributed in such a way that if it did ever collapse it would fall into the sea. A system of hydraulic riveting was used based on the technology of Fielding & Platt.
wn.com/Blackpool_Tower -
Carnforth
Coordinates: 54°07′23″N 2°45′58″W / 54.123°N 2.766°W / 54.123; -2.766
Carnforth is a small town and civil parish near Lancaster in the north of Lancashire, England, situated at the north east end of Morecambe Bay. The parish of Carnforth had a population of 5,350 recorded in the 2001 census, and forms part of the City of Lancaster.
Due to the closeness of the coast and the hills, Carnforth is a popular base for walkers and cyclists exploring the area. the West Coast Main Line (WCML), the A6 and the Lancaster Canal pass through the town. The M6 motorway passes just to the east, linked to Carnforth by the A601(M).
Much of the history of Carnforth revolves around the railway and ironworks. Vast deposits of limestone located locally made Carnforth an ideal place for an ironworks, as limestone is a key component of the smelting process. In 1846 the Carnforth Ironworks Company established a works, located near the railway station. In the same year a recession occurred in the Earl of Dudley ironworks in Worcestershire, this meant there was a surplus of workers. A number of workers moved to the ironworks and lived in the nearby company village of Dudley (now called Millhead). In 1864 the Carnforth Haematite Company took over the works and production was vastly increased due to iron ore that was brought in by rail from the Furness Peninsula. By 1872 steel production became the main focus for the works using the new Bessemer process. By 1889 this process had failed.[citation needed]Iron production continued at the works until 1929 when it eventually closed down. The site was taken over by the War Department (UK) as an ordnance depot and remained as such until the 1960s. From then to the present the site is now an industrial estate consisting of several businesses.
wn.com/Carnforth -
Chorley
Coordinates: 53°39′11″N 2°37′55″W / 53.653°N 2.632°W / 53.653; -2.632
Chorley is a market town in Lancashire, in North West England. It is the largest settlement in the Borough of Chorley. Chorley is located 8.1 miles North of Wigan and 19.5 miles north west of Manchester. As with the Lancashire and Greater Manchester region, the town's wealth came principally from the cotton industry. As recently as the 1970s the skyline was dominated by numerous factory chimneys, but most are now demolished: remnants of the industrial past include Morrison's chimney and a few other mill buildings, and the streets of terraced houses for mill workers. Chorley is known as the home of the Chorley cake.
The name Chorley came from Anglo-Saxon Ceorla-lēah = "the peasants' clearing".
The area around Chorley has been inhabited since at least the Bronze Age. The earliest find came from 3500 BC on Anglezarke Moor at Round Loaf. A farmer at Astley Hall Farm found a pottery burial urn from this period in 1963. This find was followed up with further excavations, with further artifacts being found. Objects from these excavations are on display at the hall's museum.[citation needed]
wn.com/Chorley -
City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster ( /ˈlæŋkəstər/), is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Morecambe, Heysham, and Carnforth, as well as outlying villages, farms and rural hinterland. The city has a population of 133,914, and an area of 222 square miles (575 km2).
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts—the municipal boroughs of Lancaster and Morecambe and Heysham, together with the Carnforth Urban District and rural districts of Lancaster and Lunesdale, all from the administrative county of Lancashire.
The higher tier of local government is Lancashire County Council. At a lower level, there are many parish councils. There is a List of civil parishes in the district.
The district comprises two parliamentary constituencies: Lancaster and Fleetwood and Morecambe and Lunesdale. In the 2010 General Election both seats were won by the Conservatives.
wn.com/City_of_Lancaster -
Clayton-le-Moors
Coordinates: 53°46′45″N 2°23′18″W / 53.779200°N 2.388444°W / 53.779200; -2.388444
Clayton-le-Moors is a township in Hyndburn in Lancashire, England. The town is locally referred to as 'Clayton'. To the west lies Rishton, to the north Great Harwood, and two miles to the south, Accrington. Clayton-le-Moors is situated on the A680 road alongside the M65 motorway.
It is thought that the town developed while the Leeds Liverpool Canal was being built. The half-way point of the Leeds Liverpool Canal is Clayton-le-Moors. A mural that depicted this fact has been demolished. The town's main thoroughfare is Whalley Road, which still has some canal workers' cottages.
Attractions include Mercer Park, freely open to the public, with an updated war memorial, once the grounds of Mercer House. The house was previously Oakenshaw Cottage and it was where John Mercer lived towards the end of his life. Mercer, a self-taught chemist born in Great Harwood, invented the mercerisation process for treating cotton which is still in use today. He was a pioneer of colour photography.
wn.com/Clayton-le-Moors -
Cleveleys
Coordinates: 53°52′52″N 3°02′24″W / 53.881°N 3.040°W / 53.881; -3.040
Cleveleys (with its neighbouring village of Thornton, collectively known as Thornton-Cleveleys) is a town on the Fylde Coast of Lancashire, England, about 4 miles north of Blackpool and 2 miles south of Fleetwood. It is part of the Borough of Wyre.
At the start of World War II, several departments of the Ministry of Pensions, the Ministry of Education and the Board of Trade were moved to the Cleveleys area. Some were housed in the Rossall School briefly. An extensive site was developed for the Ministry of Pensions in the Norcross section of Carleton and all the government departments moved out in 1940.
Cleveleys is the hometown of published author Malcolm Brocklehurst. His works include 'The Secret History of Christianity' 2008 and 'The House of Cavendish~Outroads' 2010
On 1 February 2008, the MS Riverdance ferry, while undertaking a regular sailing from Northern Ireland to Heysham under severe stormy conditions, ran aground on the beach, close to the boundary with Blackpool.
wn.com/Cleveleys -
Clitheroe
Coordinates: 53°52′16″N 2°23′30″W / 53.8711°N 2.3916°W / 53.8711; -2.3916
Clitheroe ( /ˈklɪðɨroʊ/) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists in the area. It has a population of 14,697. The most notable building in the town is Clitheroe Castle, suggested to be one of the smallest Norman keeps in the country.
The town elected two members to the Unreformed House of Commons. The Great Reform Act reduced this to one. It was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and remained a municipal borough until the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 when it became a successor parish within the Ribble Valley district.
The name Clitheroe is thought to come from the Anglo-Saxon for "Rocky Hill", and was also spelled Clyderhow and Cletherwoode. The town was the administrative centre for the lands of the Honor of Clitheroe. These lands were held by Roger de Poitou, who passed them to the De Lacy family from whom they passed in 1311 to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster and subsequently, to the Duchy of Lancaster. At one point the town of Clitheroe was given to Richard, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Up until 1835 the Lord of the Honor was also by right Lord of Bowland, the so-called Lord of the Fells.
wn.com/Clitheroe -
Colne
Coordinates: 53°51′19″N 2°10′32″W / 53.8554°N 2.1756°W / 53.8554; -2.1756
Colne (/kɒln/) is the second largest town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England, with a population of 20,118. It lies at the eastern end of the M65, 6 miles north-east of Burnley, with Nelson immediately adjacent, in the Aire Gap with two main roads leading into the Yorkshire towns of Skipton and Keighley. It is 25 miles east of Preston, 25 miles north of Manchester and 30 miles west of Leeds. There is beautiful countryside around Colne and many old villages close by, including the Bronte Country and Haworth to the south east and Pendle Hill, Newchurch and Barley and Clitheroe to the north west. Nearby villages include Barrowford, Foulridge, Winewall, Cottontree, Trawden and Laneshaw Bridge and the hamlet of Wycoller with its historic pack horse bridge and clam bridge said to date back to the Iron Age. Wycoller Hall is a ruin there. There are narrow roads to the south over the moors to Hardcastle Crags and Hebden Bridge. The attractive Forest of Bowland lies near Pendle.
wn.com/Colne -
Darwen
Coordinates: 53°41′53″N 2°27′40″W / 53.698°N 2.461°W / 53.698; -2.461
Darwen is a market town and civil parish located within Lancashire, England. Along with its northerly neighbour, Blackburn, it forms the Borough of Blackburn with Darwen — a unitary authority area. It is known locally as "Darren", and its residents are known as "Darreners". The main road through Darwen is the A666 towards Blackburn to the north and Bolton to the south, and ultimately Manchester. The town stands on the River Darwen, which flows from south to north and is visible only in the outskirts of the town, as within the town centre it is submerged.
Most authorities trace the name 'Darwen' to the Brythonic derw "oak", originally applied to the river; an etymology supported an older form of the name, Derewent (1208). It has also been claimed that the name Darwen stems from "Dwrgwyn", from the Old Welsh (also a Brythonic language) dwr or "water" and gwyn Brythonic for "white" or "clear". Thus the name may mean "clear water".
wn.com/Darwen -
Darwen F.C.
A.F.C. Darwen is a football club from Darwen in Lancashire, North West England. The team, formed in 1870 as Darwen F.C., currently play in the Division One of the North West Counties League. They play their home games at the Anchor Ground.
The club originally played rugby football as well as cricket. It adopted Association rules in 1875.
In October 1878, at their Barley Bank ground, Darwen played a representative team from Blackburn under floodlights. This is believed to be one of the first after Coventry City where the first team to use floodlights in the game. The game was a huge success (not only because Darwen won 3–0) but the experiment was not repeated in that era.
Darwen was the first club from the North of England to achieve any success in the F.A. Cup, reaching the quarter finals in 1879. They caused controversy in this competition by signing two professional players, Fergie Suter and James Love, both from Partick Thistle, a Scottish club based in Glasgow. This is believed to be the first involvement of professional players in English football. One London club proposed that "no side which does not consist entirely of amateurs, as defined by the rules to be drawn up by the committee, be entitled to compete in the Challenge Cup competition". The motion was defeated and Darwen travelled down to the Oval to play the great amateur side Old Etonians in the quarter–final. They needed to make the journey three times, drawing 5–5 and 2–2 before losing 6–2 in the second replay.
wn.com/Darwen_F.C. -
Darwen Library
Darwen Library is a Carnegie library in Darwen, Lancashire, England. It opened in 1908 and is located on Knott Street.
The library was officially opened in May 1908 by Andrew Carnegie, who had donated £8000 to build it. It has continued to provide book-lending services to members of the local community.
As part of the library's centenary celebrations in 2008, the library ran a number of events throughout May. In April 2008, local brewers Fallons Exquisite Ales announced they had created a new beer and were dedicating it to the library.
The library runs a group for 11-16 year-olds called 'Chill Out', where youngsters can relax and test their skills on the Wii video game console. It also runs reading groups, hosts class visits and runs computer courses.
It has also been host to the surgery of the Rossendale & Darwen MP.[citation needed]
Coordinates: 53°41′48″N 2°27′58″W / 53.6967°N 2.4660°W / 53.6967; -2.4660
wn.com/Darwen_Library -
Darwen Tower
The octagonal Jubilee Tower (generally called Darwen Tower) at grid reference 53°41'22.75"N 2°29'16.72"W on Beacon Hill overlooking the town of Darwen in Lancashire, England, was completed in 1898 to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and also to celebrate the victory of the local people for the right to access the moor. It was opened to the public on 24 September 1898.
85 feet (25.9 m) in height, walkers can climb to the top via the internal staircase to admire the views of North Yorkshire, Morecambe Bay, Blackpool Tower, Cumbria, the Isle of Man, North Wales, Derbyshire, elsewhere in Lancashire, and surrounding moorland.
Packmen, peddlers, farmers and labourers used tracks and moorland paths to go about their business. In the 1870s the Lord of the manor of Over Darwen, the Reverend William Arthur Duckworth, blocked ancient rights of way preventing access to the moor even though he was an absentee landlord. Game rights were a valuable commodity and Duckworth did not wish to have his land devalued by trespassers on the moors. William Thomas Ashton, manager of Eccles Shorrock's mines at Dogshaw Clough and Entwistle Moss used the moorland footpaths well to deliver coal to farmers and other customers. Whenever Duckworth's gamekeepers blocked his way Ashton cleared the paths. The struggle led to the courts where Duckworth lost and in September 1896 people resumed walking the moorland footpaths and, as Ashton died in 1884, his sons led a procession onto the moors in celebration.
wn.com/Darwen_Tower -
Earby
Coordinates: 53°54′51″N 2°08′41″W / 53.9143°N 2.1446°W / 53.9143; -2.1446
Earby is a small town and civil parish within the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Colne, 7 miles (11.3 km) south-west of Skipton, and 11 miles (17.7 km) north-east of Burnley. The parish had a population of 4,348 recorded in the 2001 census,
Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, from 1909 to 1974, Earby formed an urban district. Since 1974 Earby has been in the West Craven area of Pendle, has a town council, and is part of the West Craven Area Committee on Pendle Borough Council.
Other smaller nearby towns include Thornton in Craven and Sough.
Earby also had its own railway station, but it was closed in 1970. The station was an interchange with the small branch to Barnoldswick.
Earby is served by television from both Leeds and Manchester; ITV (Yorkshire Television) and BBC North are both transmitted from the television mast at East Marton, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Earby.BBC North West and ITV (Granada Television) are both received directly from the main Winter Hill transmitter. The BBC has a relay that overlooks Earby and has the four main BBC national FM radio stations (Radio 1 to 4).Fresh Radio in Skipton covers the area on MW 1413 kHz.
wn.com/Earby -
Edgworth
Coordinates: 53°38′38″N 2°23′31″W / 53.644°N 2.392°W / 53.644; -2.392
Edgworth is a small village within the Blackburn with Darwen borough of Lancashire, England. It is north east of North Turton between Broadhead Brook on the west (expanded artificially to form the Wayoh reservoir) and Quarlton Brook in the south east. The ground ranges from 650 feet (200 m) to 1,100 feet (340 m) above sea level.
Edgworth is of Anglo-Saxon origin, denoting a village in the hills and has had many spellings, from 'Eggwrthe' in 1212, Egewurth in 1221, and in 1277 Eggeswrth and Edgeword and Eggeworth in the year 1292. In the 19th century the preferred spelling was "Edgeworth", although "Edgworth", as used by the Post Office, is now the standard spelling.
The village is especially rich in the number of 'Folds' formed in the 17th century. The title usually indicates the enclosure of a farmstead and associated cottages. Isherwood Fold, off Blackburn Road is a good example. Other examples are Horrocks Fold, Thomasson Fold and Brandwood Fold.
wn.com/Edgworth -
England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
wn.com/England -
Feniscowles
Coordinates: 53°43′36″N 2°32′17″W / 53.7266°N 2.5381°W / 53.7266; -2.5381
Feniscowles is a village in the unitary authority of Blackburn with Darwen, Lancashire, England. It is situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Blackburn. Part of the village is in the civil parish of Livesey.
The village is mentioned in documents as early as 1276 when its name was recorded as 'Feinycholes'.
The village is primarily a suburb of Blackburn, situated on Preston Old Road near the boundary with the borough of Chorley (borough). Many houses in the village have been built since the 1960s, including the Beechwood Drive, Park Farm and Feniscowles Bridge areas.
The village is located on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. It was also on the Blackburn to Chorley Line, which was built in 1866-69. The village's railway station closed in 1960, with the line closing completely in 1968. Industry in the village includes a Sappi Blackburn Mill, originally built in 1875 as the Star Paper Mill. Another paper mill, also built in the 1870s and known as the Sun Paper Mill, which closed in 1992 and has now been demolished.
wn.com/Feniscowles -
Fleetwood
Coordinates: 53°55′23″N 3°00′54″W / 53.923°N 3.015°W / 53.923; -3.015
Fleetwood is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England, lying at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 26,840 people at the 2001 Census. It forms part of the Greater Blackpool conurbation. The town was the first planned community of the Victorian era. For most of the 20th century, Fleetwood was a prominent deep-sea fishing port, but, since the 1970s, the fishing industry has declined precipitously and the town has undergone economic difficulties. Fleetwood is also a seaside resort, serving as a quiet contrast to nearby Blackpool.
Ptolemy's Geographia in the 2nd century AD records a tribe known as the Setantii living in what is believed to be present-day West Lancashire, and a seaport built by the Romans called PORTVS SETANTIORVM ('the port of the Setantii') abutting Moricambe Aestuarium (presumably Morecambe Bay). There is also evidence of a Roman road running from Ribchester to Kirkham (12 miles southeast of Fleetwood) which then makes a sharp turn to the northwest. Together, these suggest that Fleetwood may well have been the location of this Roman port. No direct evidence of the port has been found, but in 2007, an Iron Age settlement was discovered at Bourne Hill, just south of present-day Fleetwood, suggesting the area was populated in pre-Roman times.
wn.com/Fleetwood -
Furness Peninsula
Furness ( /ˈfɜrnɨs/) is a peninsula in south Cumbria, England. At its widest extent, it is incorrectly considered to cover the whole of North Lonsdale, that part of the Lonsdale hundred that is an exclave of the historic county of Lancashire, lying to the north of Morecambe Bay.
The area is divided into Low Furness and High Furness. Low Furness is the peninsula; it juts out into the Irish Sea and delineates the western edge of Morecambe Bay. The southern end of the peninsula is dominated by the bay's tidal mudflats. The long thin island of Walney lies off the peninsula's south-west coast. High Furness is the northern part of the area, that was part of North Lonsdale but is not on the peninsula itself. Much of it is within the Lake District National Park, and contains the Furness Fells. It borders England's largest body of water, Windermere. Additionally, the Cartmel Peninsula is often included in definitions of Furness. Strictly speaking, however, Cartmel is not part of Furness, forming a separate peninsula between the estuaries of the rivers Leven and Kent.
wn.com/Furness_Peninsula -
Garstang
Coordinates: 53°54′11″N 2°46′01″W / 53.903°N 2.767°W / 53.903; -2.767
Garstang is a small town and civil parish within the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England. It is ten miles north-northwest of the city of Preston and eleven miles south of Lancaster, and had a total resident population of 4,074 in 2001.. It is famous for being the world's first ever Fairtrade Town.
A brief but comprehensive history of the parish, including the parish church of St Helen in Churchtown and Greenhalgh Castle can be found in "The Parish of Garstang", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 7.
King Charles II is alleged to have spent the night in a town centre pub, the Royal Oak, during the Civil War.[citation needed]
St. John Plessington was born at Dimples Hall, which is just outside the town.
Garstang was once served by Garstang and Catterall railway station which closed in 1969, and Garstang Town railway station which closed to passengers in 1930.
The town is overlooked by the ruined remains of Greenhalgh Castle, built in 1490 by Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby.
wn.com/Garstang -
Great Harwood
Coordinates: 53°46′55″N 2°23′54″W / 53.7820°N 2.3984°W / 53.7820; -2.3984
Great Harwood is a small town in the Hyndburn district of Lancashire, England, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north-east of Blackburn.
Great Harwood is a town with a industrial heritage. The Mercer Hall Leisure Centre in Queen Street and the town clock pay tribute to John Mercer (1791–1866), the 'father' of Great Harwood, who revolutionised the cotton dyeing process with his invention of mercerisation. An agricultural society is also maintained.
The town was once on the Great Harwood loop of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, the last train running in November 1957. The Martholme Viaduct on the line remains about 1 mile north-east.
The town football team, Great Harwood Town, closed in July 2006.
Great Harwood Cricket Club, is a member of the Ribblesdale Cricket League, winning the senior division in 2008, and has seven teams ranging from under 9s through to senior level.
Great Harwood used to have a lively and bustling market around the town clock in the main square. It was very popular and drew people from across the county every week. It has declined in the last 15 years and almost disappeared but is now steadily increasing and with several stalls every Friday with fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, clothes and pet supplies.[citation needed]
wn.com/Great_Harwood -
Haslingden
Coordinates: 53°42′18″N 2°19′41″W / 53.705°N 2.328°W / 53.705; -2.328
Haslingden is a small town in Rossendale, Lancashire, England. It is 19 miles (31 km) north of Manchester. The name means 'valley of the hazels', though the town is in fact set on a high and windy hill. In the early 20th century Haslingden had the status of a municipal borough, but following local government reorganisation in 1974 it became part of the Borough of Rossendale. In 1831 there was a population of 7,776.
Haslingden is the birthplace of the composer Alan Rawsthorne (1905–1971) and the Manchester City and England footballer Colin Bell (b.1946), was the home for many years of the Irish Republican leader, Michael Davitt (1846–1906), and Haslingden Cricket Club is a member of the noteworthy Lancashire League.
Part of what is now Haslingden, along with that of the neighbouring towns of Rawtenstall and beyond that Bacup were part of the Forest of Blackburnshire, that part being the Forest of Rossendale. The Forest was a hunting park during the late 13th and 14th centuries; 'Forest' referred to it being parkland rather than being heavily wooded, as the forest declined much earlier, during the Neolithic period.
wn.com/Haslingden -
Heysham
Coordinates: 54°02′46″N 2°53′38″W / 54.046°N 2.894°W / 54.046; -2.894
Heysham (i/ˈhiːʃəm/ HEE-shəm) is a large coastal village near Lancaster in the county of Lancashire, England. Overlooking Morecambe Bay, it is a ferry port with services to the Isle of Man and Ireland. Heysham is the site of two nuclear power stations which are landmarks visible from hills in the surrounding area. Heysham has been identified as one potential location for the next generation of nuclear power stations.
Administratively, Heysham is part of the City of Lancaster district, with three wards: Heysham Central (with a population of 4,397), Heysham North (5,477), and Heysham South (6,262); together they have a population of 16,136 (2001 census), although these extend into areas beyond the village of Heysham itself, which has a population of approximately 6,500.
Of historical interest are the stone graves in the ruins of the ancient St. Patrick's Chapel, close to St. Peter's Church. They are thought to date from the 11th century[citation needed], and are hewn from solid rock. Local legend has it that St. Patrick landed here after crossing from Ireland and established the chapel. However it has been established that the chapel was built around 300 years after Patrick's death. These stone graves appear on the cover of the Black Sabbath CD, 'The Best of Black Sabbath'.
wn.com/Heysham -
Hyndburn
Coordinates: 53°46′05″N 2°22′55″W / 53.768°N 2.382°W / 53.768; -2.382
Hyndburn is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Accrington. The district is named after the River Hyndburn.
It was formed in 1974 by the amalgamation of the Borough of Accrington, the Urban Districts of Church, Clayton-le-Moors, Great Harwood, Oswaldtwistle and Rishton, and part of the Burnley Rural District.
In June 2007, the council proposed changing the name of Hyndburn, and replace it with Accrington & Districts, to aid recognition of the borough by those not familiar with the area.
In 2010, Hyndburn was voted the 10th best council in the Times "Best Public Sector Places to Work" and made it to the Times Best Companies Guide.
There are approximately nine state secondary schools in Hyndburn. These include Norden High School, St Christopher's Church of England High School, Accrington Academy, Rhyddings High School, Mount Carmel RC High School, The Hollins Technology College along with Broadfield Specialist School,White Ash School and North Cliffe School.
wn.com/Hyndburn -
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man ( /ˈmæn/; Manx: Ellan Vannin, pronounced [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), otherwise known simply as Mann (Manx: Mannin, IPA: [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although the United Kingdom does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is ultimately the responsibility of the Crown (that is, in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland as formalised by the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency.
wn.com/Isle_of_Man -
Jubilee Tower
The octagonal Jubilee Tower (generally called Darwen Tower) at grid reference 53°41'22.75"N 2°29'16.72"W on Beacon Hill overlooking the town of Darwen in Lancashire, England, was completed in 1898 to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and also to celebrate the victory of the local people for the right to access the moor. It was opened to the public on 24 September 1898.
85 feet (25.9 m) in height, walkers can climb to the top via the internal staircase to admire the views of North Yorkshire, Morecambe Bay, Blackpool Tower, Cumbria, the Isle of Man, North Wales, Derbyshire, elsewhere in Lancashire, and surrounding moorland.
Packmen, peddlers, farmers and labourers used tracks and moorland paths to go about their business. In the 1870s the Lord of the manor of Over Darwen, the Reverend William Arthur Duckworth, blocked ancient rights of way preventing access to the moor even though he was an absentee landlord. Game rights were a valuable commodity and Duckworth did not wish to have his land devalued by trespassers on the moors. William Thomas Ashton, manager of Eccles Shorrock's mines at Dogshaw Clough and Entwistle Moss used the moorland footpaths well to deliver coal to farmers and other customers. Whenever Duckworth's gamekeepers blocked his way Ashton cleared the paths. The struggle led to the courts where Duckworth lost and in September 1896 people resumed walking the moorland footpaths and, as Ashton died in 1884, his sons led a procession onto the moors in celebration.
wn.com/Jubilee_Tower -
Kirkham, Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°46′55″N 2°52′12″W / 53.782°N 2.870°W / 53.782; -2.870
Kirkham, or as it once was known, Kirkam-in-Amounderness is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, midway between Blackpool and Preston (11 miles west of Preston) and adjacent to the smaller town of Wesham. It owes its existence to Carr Hill upon which it was built and which was the location of a Roman fort. It has a population of 7,127.
In his 1878 History of the Fylde of Lancashire, John Porter described Kirkham as ".. probably the earliest inhabited locality in the Fylde district." Remains found at Carleton in the 1970s of an elk with two harpoons embedded suggest that the Fylde was inhabited as long ago as 8,000 BC.
The town is pre-Roman in its origin with a name originating from the Danish kirk (church) and -ham (Saxon for settlement, or "home"). It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name of Chicheham and is described as lying on the Roman road between Ribchester (Bremetennacum) and the River Wyre. The town's market charter was granted in 1269–70 by King Henry III.
wn.com/Kirkham,_Lancashire -
Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
wn.com/Lancashire -
Lancaster Canal
The Lancaster Canal is a canal in the north of England, originally planned to run from Westhoughton in Lancashire to Kendal in south Cumbria (then in Westmorland). The section around the crossing of the River Ribble was never completed, and much of the southern end leased to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, of which it is now generally considered part.
Of the canal north of Preston, only the section from Preston to Tewitfield near Carnforth in Lancashire is currently open to navigation for 42 miles (67.6 km), with the canal north of Tewitfield having been severed in three places by the construction of the M6 motorway, and by the A590 road near Kendal. The southern part, from Johnson's Hillock to Wigan Top Lock, remains navigable as part of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The planned continuation to Westhoughton was never built.
The line of the canal was first surveyed by Robert Whitworth in 1772. In 1791, John Longbotham, Robert Dickinson and Richard Beck resurveyed the proposed line, and a final survey was carried out later the same year by John Rennie.
wn.com/Lancaster_Canal -
Leyland, Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°41′31″N 2°41′49″W / 53.692°N 2.697°W / 53.692; -2.697
Leyland is a town in the South Ribble district, in the county of Lancashire, England. It is approximately six miles (10 km) south of the city of Preston.
Throughout the 20th and 21st century, the community has seen a large growth in industry, population and farming, due to the establishment of Leyland Motors, housing developments and the surrounding usable arable land.
The name of the town is of old Anglo-Saxon origin, meaning "untilled land".
Before the control of the English Leyland was an area of fields, with Roman roads passing through, from ancient Wigan to Walton-le-Dale.
It was left undisturbed for many centuries until rediscovered shortly after the Battle of Hastings (1066). Leyland is mentioned in the Domesday Book (1085). In 1066 King Edward the Confessor presided over the whole of Leyland. The manor was divided into three large ploughlands, which were controlled by local noblemen. In the 1100s, it came under the barony of Penwortham.
wn.com/Leyland,_Lancashire -
Longridge
Coordinates: 53°49′52″N 2°35′49″W / 53.831°N 2.597°W / 53.831; -2.597
Longridge is a small town and civil parish in the borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. It is situated 8 miles (13 km) north-east of the city of Preston, at the western end of Longridge Fell, a long ridge above the River Ribble. Its nearest neighbours are Grimsargh and the Roman town of Ribchester (Bremetennacum), 3.5 miles (6 km) to the southeast. The parish of Longridge had a population of 7,546 recorded in the 2001 census.
The Battle of Preston started from Longridge, Cromwell halting there before taking on Monarchist forces from Scotland.[citation needed]
Longridge initially developed outwards from an area around St. Lawrence's Church, at the boundary of the townships of Dilworth and Alston and to the south of the modern-day town centre. Though there was a thoroughfare called 'Market Place', there was no development around that area. Most of the development of the town occurred after 1800. After this time, development occurred at a much faster pace, with expansion northwards including a mill to the north of Kestor Lane.
wn.com/Longridge -
Lower Darwen
Coordinates: 53°43′16″N 2°28′23″W / 53.721°N 2.473°W / 53.721; -2.473
Lower Darwen is a village in the unitary borough of Blackburn with Darwen, in the town of Darwen, in the county of Lancashire. It is located between the towns of Blackburn and Darwen. Nearby places include Ewood and Blackamoor. It is situated in the valley of the River Darwen. The former township of Lower Darwen, abolished in the 1890s, extended south to Earnsdale Brook, and included areas now in the town of Darwen.
Until the late 18th century Lower Darwen was a farming area. A spinning mill was built in 1774 and although this did not have a major impact on the village at first, by the 1820s the majority of the village was involved in the textile industry.
Lower Darwen is on the Blackburn to Bolton railway line, and the line through the village was opened in 1847. Lower Darwen formerly had a railway station, however this closed in 1958. There was also a motive power depot north of the station, which closed in the 1960s.
wn.com/Lower_Darwen -
Lytham St Annes
Coordinates: 53°44′33″N 2°59′49″W / 53.7426°N 2.9970°W / 53.7426; -2.9970
Lytham St Annes is a conurbation in the Fylde district of Lancashire, England. The neighbouring towns of Lytham and St-Anne's-on-the-Sea (or St-Anne's-on-Sea, but nearly always abbreviated to St Annes) have grown together and now form a seaside resort. The towns are situated on the Fylde coast, south of Blackpool at the point where the coastline turns east to form the estuary of the River Ribble leading inland to Preston. St Annes is situated on the northern side of the turning and, like Blackpool, overlooks the Irish Sea, whereas Lytham is on the eastern side and overlooks the Ribble Estuary.
Lytham St Annes is internationally renowned for golf and has four courses and links, the most notable being the Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club, one of the host courses for the Open Championship, also known as the "British Open", which has been a competition course since first hosting the Open in 1926. Approximately once every ten years, the coming of The Open—a major sporting event—brings a major influx of visitors, including the world's media, into a fairly peaceful community. Lytham St Annes is considered to be a wealthy area with residents' earnings among the highest in Lancashire. It is popular with engineers and scientists from the nearby BAE Systems site in Warton, which provides some highly paid jobs that underpin the local economy.
wn.com/Lytham_St_Annes -
M65 motorway
The M65 is a motorway in Lancashire, England. It runs from just south of Preston through the major junction of the M6 and M61 motorways, east past Darwen, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson and ends at Colne.
The M65 was opened in the following sections:
The first section of the motorway was opened in 1981, connecting Burnley to Brierfield. Over the years, several extensions were made, the largest being the link from Whitebirk to the M6 and M61 motorways in 1997. This extension was the scene of a standoff between construction security workers and protesters (often known as 'eco-warriors').
Junctions 1a to 6 were opened 18 December 1997 by Jack Straw, Home Secretary and Member of Parliament for Blackburn. The opening ceremony took place on the westbound carriageway beneath junction 5 at Guide with a heavy police presence as protesters threatened to bring a halt to the proceedings.
Much of the 1997 extension was relaid shortly after it opened with a new, quieter tarmac because the amount of road noise had been so great that it prevented birds of prey (mainly owls) from foraging effectively.
wn.com/M65_motorway -
Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
wn.com/Manchester -
Morecambe
Coordinates: 54°03′50″N 2°52′43″W / 54.0640°N 2.8786°W / 54.0640; -2.8786
Morecambe ( /ˈmɔrkəm/) is a resort town and civil parish within the City of Lancaster in Lancashire, England. As of 2001 it has a resident population of 38,917. It is situated on Morecambe Bay. Morecambe and the nearby village of Heysham have a combined population of 51,400.
In 1846, the Morecambe Harbour and Railway Company was formed to build a harbour on Morecambe Bay, close to the fishing village of Poulton-le-Sands, and a connecting railway. By 1850, the railway linked to Skipton, Keighley and Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and a settlement began to grow around the harbour and railway, to service the port and as a seaside resort. The settlement expanded to absorb Poulton, and the villages of Bare and Torrisholme. The settlement started to be referred to as "Morecambe", possibly after the harbour and railway. In 1889 the new name was officially adopted.
Morecambe was a thriving seaside resort in the mid-20th century. While the resort of Blackpool attracted holiday-makers predominantly from the Lancashire mill towns, Morecambe had more visitors from Yorkshire (due to its railway connection) and Scotland. Between 1956 and 1989 it was the home of the Miss Great Britain beauty contest.
wn.com/Morecambe -
Nelson, Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°50′05″N 2°13′05″W / 53.8346°N 2.2180°W / 53.8346; -2.2180
Nelson is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England, with a population of 28,998 in 2001. It lies 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Burnley on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
It developed as a mill town during the Industrial Revolution, but has today lost much of its industry and is characterised by pockets of severe deprivation and some of the lowest house prices in the country.
The town was originally two villages, Little Marsden and Great Marsden. A small mill had been established by the Ecroyd family at Edge End as early as 1740, and there were two coal mines nearby, but it was the coming of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1796, followed by the East Lancashire Railway in 1849, that spurred its development as an industrial town, with an economy based mainly upon cotton weaving.
There was already a Marsden on the railway network in the neighbouring county of Yorkshire (West Riding), so the new railway station was called the Nelson Inn, Great Marsden, after the adjacent public house, the Lord Nelson Inn named after Admiral Lord Nelson, from which the town also in time derived its name.
wn.com/Nelson,_Lancashire -
North Wales
North Wales (Welsh: Gogledd Cymru) is the northernmost unofficial region of Wales. It is bordered to the south by the counties of Ceredigion and Powys in Mid Wales and to the east by the counties of Shropshire in the West Midlands and Cheshire in North West England. North Wales is divided in to three traditional regions, viz; Upper Gwynedd (or Gwynedd above the Conwy defined as the area north of the River Dyfi and west of the River Conwy); Lower Gwynedd (or Gwynedd below the Conwy also known as the Perfeddwlad and defined as the region east of the River Conwy and west of the River Dee) and Ynys Môn (or Anglesey), a large island off the north coast.[citation needed].
The southern boundary is arbitrary and its definition may depend on the use being made of the term. For example the boundary of North Wales Police differs from the boundary of the North Wales area of the Environment Agency Wales.
North Wales is steeped in history and was for almost a millennium known as the Kingdom of Gwynedd. The mountainous stronghold of Snowdonia formed the nucleus of that realm and would become the last redoubt of independent Wales — only overcome in 1283. To this day it remains a stronghold of the Welsh language and a centre for Welsh national and cultural identity.
wn.com/North_Wales -
Ordnance Survey
Ordnance Survey (Welsh: Arolwg Ordnans), an executive agency and non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom, is the national mapping agency for Great Britain, producing maps of Great Britain (and to an extent, the Isle of Man), and one of the world's largest producers of maps with a particular both historical and architectural form in the maps resulting from the conflict at both local and world level of the scales of maps known from the 19th Century as the 'Battle of the Scales'.
The name reflects its creation together with the original military purpose of the organisation (see ordnance and surveying) in the first instance in mapping Scotland at the time of the creation of the British United Kingdom following many centuries of conflict and confirmed later during the Napoleonic Wars when there was a threat of invasion from France, and its logo includes the War Department's broad arrow heraldic mark. Ordnance Survey mapping is usually classified as 'large scale' (i.e. showing more detail) or 'small scale'. Large-scale mapping comprises maps at six inches to the mile or more (1:10,560, superseded by 1:10,000 in the 1950s); it was available in sheet-map form till the 1980s, since when it has become digital. Small-scale mapping comprises maps at fewer than six inches to the mile and includes the "leisure maps", such as the popular one inch to the mile and its metric successors, still available in traditional sheet-map form. Ordnance Survey of Great Britain maps are in copyright for 50 years after publication date. Some of the Copyright Libraries hold complete or near-complete collections of pre-digital O.S. mapping.
wn.com/Ordnance_Survey -
Ormskirk
Coordinates: 53°33′59″N 2°53′13″W / 53.5665°N 2.8869°W / 53.5665; -2.8869
Ormskirk is a market town in West Lancashire, England. It is situated 13 miles (21 km) north of Liverpool city centre, 11 miles (18 km) northwest of St Helens, 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Southport and 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Preston.
Ormskirk lies on sloping ground on the side of a ridge, whose highest point is 68 metres (223 ft) above sea-level, at the centre of the West Lancashire Plain, and has been described as a "planned borough", laid out in the 13th century.
Ormskirk is an unparished area, surrounded by the parishes of Bickerstaffe, Aughton, Scarisbrick, Burscough, Lathom and Lathom South.
The town is located in the district of West Lancashire and is the site of the headquarters of West Lancashire Borough Council. Ormskirk is also a 'post town' in the Liverpool postcode area.
Since Ormskirk does not have a parish council, a voluntary association, Ormskirk Community Partnership, was created in 2009, with the support of the West Lancashire Borough Council, to act as a voice for Ormskirk.
wn.com/Ormskirk -
Oswaldtwistle
Coordinates: 53°44′36″N 2°23′37″W / 53.7434°N 2.3935°W / 53.7434; -2.3935
Oswaldtwistle ( /ˈɒzəl.twɪzəl/ "ozzel-twizzel") is a town within the Hyndburn borough of Lancashire, England. It lies on the course of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, 3 miles (4.8 km) east-southeast of Blackburn and is contiguous to Accrington.
The name is derived from "Oswald" and "Twistle". The word "twistle" is an old English word meaning "brooks meet". Legend has it that St.Oswald, King of Northumbria passed through, giving the area its full title of Oswald's Twistle, which in time came to be Oswaldtwistle. However, it is more likely derived from the name of the Anglo-Saxon who farmed the land.
Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, who, as a factory-owner, effected wide developments in the cotton industry, was born at Peelfold, within the township, in 1750. Another historical figure associated with the textile industry was James Hargreaves, inventor of the Spinning Jenny.
The centre of Oswaldtwistle is home to a: Lloyds TSB, Betfred, Oswaldtwistle Clinic, Travis Perkins building merchants as well as a Co-Op supermarket, which was a Gateway, Solo and a Somerfield before becoming a Co-Op. Also there is a Tesco Express and a SPAR. Other stores include an appliance repairs/sales, numerous takeaways, numerous barbers (M & F), estate agents, off licences, bakers, butchers, funeral directors and many more shops.
wn.com/Oswaldtwistle -
Pendle
Coordinates: 53°52′08″N 2°09′50″W / 53.869°N 2.164°W / 53.869; -2.164
Pendle is a local government district and borough of Lancashire, England. It adjoins the Lancashire boroughs of Burnley and Ribble Valley, the North Yorkshire district of Craven and the West Yorkshire districts of Calderdale and the City of Bradford. It has a total population of about 90,000 people, and is represented in Parliament by Andrew Stephenson, Conservative.
It was created in 1974 as a result of local government reorganisation from the former Municipal Boroughs of Nelson and Colne, the former urban districts of Barnoldswick, Barrowford, Brierfield, Earby and Trawden, and from parts of Burnley Rural District and Skipton Rural District. It was named after the historical district of Pendle Forest, whose ancient lordship has been held by the Barons Clitheroe since 1945. The Barnoldswick, Earby and Skipton parts are historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
The three main employers in the borough are Rolls-Royce plc, Silentnight and the Daisy Group.
wn.com/Pendle -
Penwortham
Coordinates: 53°44′N 2°43′W / 53.74°N 2.72°W / 53.74; -2.72
Penwortham is a town and civil parish on the south bank of the River Ribble facing the city of Preston, Lancashire, England. The town is at the most westerly crossing point of the river, with major road and rail links crossing here.
The distinctive town name is derived from pen (meaning a hill), weid (meaning ford) and ham (meaning settlement) with earlier names of Peneverdant and Pendrecham in 1200; Penwrtham in 1204; Penuertham in 1212; Penwortham 1260 and Penewrthamn in 1292.
The town's history can be traced to pre-historic times with archaeological evidence showing that the ford at Middleforth was used to cross the Ribble. Penwortham was listed in the Domesday Book as "Penverdent". At the Norman conquest in 1066 the Barony was held by King Edward. In the 12th century Penwortham was the head of a barony held by Warine Bussel which included a large part of Leyland Hundred and manors in West Derby and Amounderness. Penwortham Castle, a motte-and-bailey castle was built during the post-Norman conquest period overlooking the Ribble and its ford by Roger of Poitou and served to guard the estuary and a ford crossing it. After Roger built Lancaster Castle, Penwortham declined in importance. Some evidence of this castle is still evident in St Mary's Churchyard but only the mound remains. In later centuries a manor house was built, but no evidence remains.
wn.com/Penwortham -
Poulton-le-Fylde
Coordinates: 53°50′49″N 2°59′42″W / 53.847°N 2.995°W / 53.847; -2.995
Poulton-le-Fylde (also known as Poulton) is a market town in Lancashire, England, situated on the coastal plain called the Fylde. As of the 2001 United Kingdom census, it had a population of 18,264. There is evidence of human habitation in the area from 12,000 years ago and several archaeological finds from Roman settlement in England have been found in the area. At the time of the Norman conquest of England Poulton was a small agricultural settlement in the hundred of Amounderness. The church of St Chad was recorded in 1094 when it was endowed to Lancaster Priory. By the post-Medieval period the town had become an important commercial centre for the region with weekly and triannual markets. Goods were imported and exported through two harbours on the River Wyre. In 1837, the town was described as the "metropolis of the Fylde", but its commercial importance waned from the mid-19th century with the development of the nearby coastal resorts of Fleetwood and Blackpool.
wn.com/Poulton-le-Fylde -
Preesall
Coordinates: 53°55′01″N 2°58′01″W / 53.917°N 2.967°W / 53.917; -2.967
Preesall is a town and civil parish in Lancashire, England. The parish (until 1910 known as Preesall with Hackensall) covers the eastern bank of the estuary of the River Wyre, including Knott End-on-Sea, Pilling Lane and the village of Preesall itself. The parish of Preesall had a population of 5,314 recorded in the 2001 census.
There is evidence that the eastern side of the River Wyre was occupied during the Danish invasions of the 9th and 10th centuries. Preesall is mentioned in the Domesday Book (1086) as being a part of the Hundred of Amounderness and the Domesday place name is given as Pressouede.
The names Preesall and Hackensall are both probably Norse in origin, with Preesall meaning "a hill and a heath" and Hackensall probably deriving from "Haakon", a Viking seafarer who sailed up the River Wyre and set up an encampment in the 10th century. In 1190 the land was granted to a bowman in the service of Prince John, and in the 16th century, the land, like much in this area, passed into the possession of the Fleetwood family. Richard Fleetwood built Hackensall Hall in 1656 after their home at Rossall Hall was flooded. Nearby Parrox Hall was built about the same time, and has been in the possession of the Elletson family since 1690.[citation needed]
wn.com/Preesall -
Preston, Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°45′32″N 2°41′56″W / 53.759°N 2.699°W / 53.759; -2.699
Prestoni/ˈprɛstən/ is a city and the administrative centre of Lancashire, England, located on the north bank of the River Ribble. It is an urban settlement and unparished area that, when combined with its surrounding suburban and rural hinterland, forms part of the City of Preston local government district of Lancashire. It obtained city status in 2002, becoming England's 50th city in the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. The settlement, or unparished area, of Preston has a population of 114,300, and the whole City of Preston district has a population of 132,000.
Preston and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient Roman activity in the area, largely in the form of a Roman road which led to a camp at Walton-le-Dale. The Angles established Preston; the name Preston is derived from Old English words meaning "Priest settlement" and in the Domesday Book appears as "Prestune". During the Middle Ages, Preston formed a parish and township in the hundred of Amounderness and was granted a Guild Merchant charter in 1179, giving it the status of a market town. Textiles have been produced in Preston since the middle of the 13th century, when locally produced wool was woven in people's houses. Flemish weavers who settled in the area during the 14th century helped to develop the industry. Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning frame, was born in Preston. The most rapid period of growth and development in Preston's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Preston was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, becoming a densely populated engineering centre, with large industrial plants.
wn.com/Preston,_Lancashire -
Rawtenstall
Coordinates: 53°41′56″N 2°17′28″W / 53.699°N 2.291°W / 53.699; -2.291
Rawtenstall ( /ˈrɒtənstɔːl/ or local /ˈrɒʔənstɔːl/) is a town at the centre of the Rossendale Valley, in Lancashire, England. It is the seat for the Borough of Rossendale, in which it is located. The town lies 17.4 miles north of Manchester, 22 miles east of Preston and 45 miles south east of the county town of Lancaster. Nearby towns include Bacup, Haslingden and Ramsbottom.
The name Rawtenstall has been given two possible interpretations. The older is a combination of the Middle English routen (‘to roar or bellow’), from the Old Norse rauta and the Old English stall ‘pool in a river’ (Ekwall 1922, 92). The second, more recent one, relates to Rawtenstall’s identification as a cattle farm in 1324 and combines the Old English ruh ‘rough’ and tun-stall ‘the site of a farm’ (Mills 1991, 269), or possibly, ‘buildings occupied when cattle were pastured on high ground’ (Mills 1976, 125).
The earliest settlement at Rawtenstall was probably in the early medieval period, during the time when it formed part of the Forest of Rossendale in the Honour of Clitheroe, and consisted of simple dwellings for forest servants and animals. More substantial buildings may have followed in the 15th and 16th centuries with corn and flour mills.
wn.com/Rawtenstall -
Ribble Valley
Ribble Valley is a local government district with borough status within the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Clitheroe. Other places include Whalley, Longridge and Ribchester. The area is so called due to the River Ribble which flows in its final stages towards its estuary near Preston. The area is popular with tourists who enjoy the area's natural unspoilt beauty, much of which lies within the Forest of Bowland.
The Ribble Valley is statistically the wealthiest enclave in Lancashire and businesses in the area reflect this, including a Michelin listed restaurant and a Bentley car dealership. The area is a popular place with those who wish to relocate from London to somewhere more rural and community orientated.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the municipal borough of Clitheroe, Longridge urban district, Clitheroe Rural District, part of Blackburn Rural District, part of Burnley Rural District, and part of Preston Rural District, as well as the Bowland Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire, hence the addition of the Red Rose of Lancaster and White Rose of York on the council's coat of arms.
wn.com/Ribble_Valley -
Rishton
Coordinates: 53°46′12″N 2°25′07″W / 53.770110°N 2.418703°W / 53.770110; -2.418703
Rishton is a small town in the Hyndburn district of Lancashire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) west of Clayton-le-Moors and 4 miles (6 km) north-east of Blackburn. It was an urban district from 1894 to 1974.
Rishton was the first place that the cloth calico was woven on an industrial scale.[citation needed] Its name means "village (or farm) amid the rushes".
Rishton is situated in an area of low moorland north-east of Blackburn and north-west of Accrington. Its elevation above sea level varies from 250 feet (76 m) in the east where Norden Brook flows into the River Hyndburn, to 785 feet (239 m) on Rishton Height, north-west of the town.
In Rishton there are 3 primary schools. These are St. Peter and St. Paul's Church of England Primary School, St. Charles' Roman Catholic Primary School and Rishton Methodist Primary School. There is also 1 high school, Norden High School and Sports College, which serves children from Rishton and neighbouring towns.
wn.com/Rishton -
River Darwen
The River Darwen is a river running through Darwen and Blackburn in Lancashire.
The river was seriously polluted with human and industrial effluent during the Industrial Revolution, up to the early 1970s. The river often changed colour dramatically as a result of paper and paint mills routinely using river water to flush out dye and paint tanks. This has now ceased and the river is relatively clear with the return of trout and small fish.
Rising in Jack's Key Clough at the confluence of two streams from Bull Hill and Cranberry Moss, the river flows through the town of Darwen, continuing into the suburbs of Blackburn past Ewood Park. The river passes below the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Ewood Aqueduct and is culverted again at Waterfall and near Griffin Park. It is joined by the River Blakewater near Witton Country Park in Blackburn and leaves the mostly urban landscapes of the towns behind, flowing through parklands and valleys. A further tributary, the River Roddlesworth, joins the Darwen at the bottom of Moulden Brow on the boundary between Blackburn with Darwen and Chorley Borough Council (the name Moulden Brow being associated with Moulden Water, an alternative name for this stretch of the river). From there, the Darwen flows past Hoghton Tower through Hoghton Bottoms and Samlesbury Bottoms, finally combining with the River Ribble at Walton-le-Dale.
wn.com/River_Darwen -
River Hodder
The River Hodder is a river in Lancashire, England. The river is a County Biological Heritage Site.
It rises on White Hill and flows for approximately 23 miles to the River Ribble, of which it is the largest tributary. The confluence of the rivers is an impressive[peacock term] sight, particularly when both are in spate.
The Hodder drains much of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and all but the last mile of its course is through this scenic area.
The upper reaches of the river feed the large Stocks Reservoir, which provides much of[quantify] Lancashire's water supply. After exiting the reservoir, the Hodder continues in a general southward direction. It collects many tributaries from the valleys of Bowland and, lower down, parts of the Ribble Valley. Most notable among the feeders of the Hodder are Croasdale Brook, Easington Brook, the River Dunsop, Langden Brook and the River Loud.
Much of the land in the Hodder Valley further to the north is owned by the Crown as Duke of Lancaster, whilst further down, farming land on the Stonyhurst Estate is owned by Stonyhurst College and the Jesuits[citation needed]. The river runs close to the College and passes adjacent to the former preparatory school, Hodder Place. The river lends its name to the pre-preparatory department at Stonyhurst, "Hodder House" and also years three to five known collectively as "Hodder Playroom".
wn.com/River_Hodder -
River Ribble
The River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan.
The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks.
It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).
The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank.
The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia. At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.
wn.com/River_Ribble -
River Wyre
The River Wyre is a river in Lancashire, United Kingdom, which flows into the Irish Sea at Fleetwood. It is approximately 28 miles (45 km) in length. The river is a County Biological Heritage Site.
The river rises in the Forest of Bowland in central Lancashire, as two distinct tributaries, the Tarnbrook Wyre and the Marshaw Wyre, whose confluence is near the village of Abbeystead. In 1984 a pumping station, built just below the confluence as part of a water transfer scheme in the 1980s, was the location of the Abbeystead disaster, an explosion in which 16 people were killed and a further 22 were injured.
From Abbeystead, the river flows south through Dolphinholme and Garstang to Catterall where it meets its first major tributary, the River Calder. The river then turns westwards, flowing through St Michael's On Wyre where it is joined by its second major tributary, the River Brock. It becomes tidal below the weir at St Michael's.
It is crossed by a toll bridge (normal fee is 40 pence) at Cartford, between Little Eccleston and Out Rawcliffe. A former toll bridge, Shard Bridge, close to Poulton-le-Fylde, has been rebuilt and is now free. The Lancaster Canal crosses on a small aqueduct at Garstang. A pedestrian ferry runs between Fleetwood and Knott End but the ferry to the Isle of Man no longer runs.
wn.com/River_Wyre -
Rossendale
Rossendale is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It is made up of a number of small former mill towns centred around the valley of the River Irwell in the industrial North West. The district combines urban with rural aspects, and is close to the more populated areas of Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Manchester and Rochdale.
In the 2001 census the population of Rossendale was 65,652, spread between the larger towns of Bacup, Haslingden and Rawtenstall; the villages of Crawshawbooth, Edenfield, Helmshore, Waterfoot, Whitworth; and as well as Britannia, Chatterton, Cloughfold, Cowpe, Irwell Vale, Newchurch, Shawforth, Stacksteads, Stubbins, Turn, Water, Weir.
The district was formed on April 1, 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the municipal boroughs of Bacup, Haslingden, Rawtenstall, part of Ramsbottom Urban District and Whitworth Urban District.
Rossendale is twinned with the German town of Bocholt, located close to the Netherlands border.
The name "Rossendale" may also refer geographically to Rossendale Valley, and historically refers to the medieval Forest or "Chase" of Rossendale, which encompassed approximately the same area as the modern district.
wn.com/Rossendale -
South Ribble
Coordinates: 53°41′49″N 2°41′24″W / 53.697°N 2.690°W / 53.697; -2.690
South Ribble is a non-metropolitan district and borough of Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Leyland. In May 2007, the council was officially declared "Excellent" by the Audit Commission, gaining its place among the best 5 district councils in the country,
On 4 October 2007, a team from South Ribble won the LGC Challenge, defeating over 40 other authorities, including larger metropolitan and unitary councils.
South Ribble Borough Council is working in partnership with Chorley Borough Council (a neighbouring authority) on Finance, Procurement, Audit and other centralised functions.
Other notable population areas within South Ribble are Penwortham, Longton, Hutton (headquarters of the Lancashire Police), Walton-le-Dale, Bamber Bridge, Lostock Hall, a significant part of Buckshaw Village and Moss Side.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from Leyland and Walton-le-Dale urban districts, along with part of Preston Rural District.
wn.com/South_Ribble -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
wn.com/United_Kingdom -
Wesham
Coordinates: 53°47′25″N 2°53′09″W / 53.7902°N 2.8857°W / 53.7902; -2.8857
Medlar with Wesham is civil parish on the Fylde in Lancashire, England. It lies within the Borough of Fylde, and had a population of 3,245 in 1,294 households recorded in the 2001 census.
The parish contains the town of Wesham, adjacent to the larger town of Kirkham outside the parish. Technically, town status attaches to the whole parish, but in practice it is the settlement of Wesham that is referred to as a "town".
The area within the boundaries of the parish have been populated since early medieval times, prior to the Norman conquest, with separate settlements at Bradkirk, Medlar, Wesham and Mowbreck. There was also a single moted farmstead at Pasture Barn midway between Medlar and Mowbreck. The present bridleway of Mowbreck Lane was the medieval route to Treales.
The modern town of Wesham (pronounced variously `Wesham', `Wessam' and `Wezzum') is only about 160 years old, and developed as the railway expanded to serve the growing popularity of resort towns such as Blackpool. From the 1920s to the 1950s huge numbers of steam trains plied their way to the coast via the station at Kirkham and Wesham.
wn.com/Wesham -
West Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°33′43″N 2°49′37″W / 53.562°N 2.827°W / 53.562; -2.827
West Lancashire is a non-metropolitan district with the status of a borough in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Ormskirk. The other town in the borough is Skelmersdale.
The district was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of Ormskirk and Skelmersdale and Holland urban districts along with part of West Lancashire Rural District and part of Wigan Rural District.
Political Composition as of 4th May 2012 the Conservative Leader Councillor Ian Grant and Labour Leader Councillior John Fillis have-
The main towns of Ormskirk (including the village of Westhead) and Skelmersdale are unparished areas.
There is a single Parish meeting for Bispham Green.
West Lancashire is twinned with:
wn.com/West_Lancashire -
Wyre
Coordinates: 53°54′00″N 2°48′32″W / 53.900°N 2.809°W / 53.900; -2.809
Wyre is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Poulton-le-Fylde.
The district is named after the River Wyre, which runs through the district. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the municipal borough of Fleetwood, along with Poulton-le-Fylde, Preesall and Thornton-Cleveleys urban districts and Garstang Rural District.
Elections to Wyre Borough Council take place every four years on the first Thursday in May. All 55 councillors are elected from 26 wards. Since the formation of the council in 1973 it has been under the control of the Conservative Party with the exception of one term from 1995 to 1999 when the Labour Party held control of the council.
Following the most recent election held on 5 May 2011 the composition of the council is as follows:
Wyre is split into three Parliamentary Constituencies - Wyre and Preston North, Lancaster and Fleetwood and Blackpool North and Cleveleys. This was recently changed as part of the Boundary changes for the United Kingdom general election, 2010. Before this change it had been split into three Lancaster and Wyre, Blackpool North and Fleetwood and Fylde.
wn.com/Wyre
-
Accrington Pals
The Accrington Pals was a British First World War Pals battalion of Kitchener's Army raised in and around the town of Accrington in Lancashire. When the battalion was taken over by the British Army it was officially named the 11th Battalion, The East Lancashire Regiment.
Recruiting was initiated by the mayor of Accrington following Lord Kitchener's call for volunteers and it took only ten days to raise a complete battalion. The battalion's nickname is a little misleading since of the four 250-strong companies that made up the original battalion, only one was actually composed of men from Accrington. The rest volunteered from other East Lancashire towns nearby such as Burnley, Blackburn, and Chorley. The men from Chorley who formed Y Company were known as the Chorley Pals. The men from Burnley who formed Z Company were known as the Burnley Pals.
The Accrington Pals joined the 94th Brigade of the British 31st Division, a "Pals" division par excellence containing many famous North Country Pals battalions. With the 31st Division, the Accrington Pals were initially deployed to Egypt in early 1916 to defend the Suez Canal from the threat of the Ottoman Empire. The troopship carrying the Accrington Pals was narrowly missed by a torpedo; a fortunate miss because the ship also carried sixty tons of lyddite explosive.
wn.com/Accrington_Pals -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie (
/kɑrˈneɪɡi/ kar-NAY-gee, but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨɡi/ KAR-nə-gee or /kɑrˈnɛɡi/ kar-NEG-ee) (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was also one of the most important philanthropists of his era.
Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848. His first job in the United States was as a factory worker in a bobbin factory. Later on he became a bill logger for the owner of the company. Soon after he became a messenger boy. Eventually he progressed up the ranks of a telegraph company. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged with Elbert H. Gary's Federal Steel Company and several smaller companies to create U.S. Steel. With the fortune he made from business among others he built Carnegie Hall, later he turned to philanthropy and interests in education, founding the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Carnegie Mellon University and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh.
wn.com/Andrew_Carnegie -
Beatrix Potter
Helen Beatrix Potter (28 July 1866 – 22 December 1943) was an English author, illustrator, natural scientist and conservationist best known for her imaginative children’s books featuring animals such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit which celebrated the British landscape and country life.
Born into a privileged Unitarian family, Potter, along with her younger brother, Walter Bertram (1872–1918), grew up with few friends outside her large extended family. Her parents were artistic, interested in nature and enjoyed the countryside. As children, Beatrix and Bertram had numerous small animals as pets which they observed closely and drew endlessly. Summer holidays were spent in Scotland and in the English Lake District where Beatrix developed a love of the natural world which was the subject of her painting from an early age.
She was educated by private governesses until she was eighteen. Her study of languages, literature, science and history was broad and she was an eager student. Her artistic talents were recognized early. Although she was provided with private art lessons, Potter preferred to develop her own style, particularly favouring watercolour. Along with her drawings of her animals, real and imagined, she illustrated insects, fossils, archeological artefacts, and fungi. In the 1890s her mycological illustrations and research on the reproduction of fungi spores generated interest from the scientific establishment. Following some success illustrating cards and booklets, Potter wrote and illustrated The Tale of Peter Rabbit publishing it first privately in 1901, and a year later as a small, three-colour illustrated book with Frederick Warne & Co. She became unofficially engaged to her editor Norman Warne in 1905 despite the disapproval of her parents, but he died suddenly a month later, of leukemia.
wn.com/Beatrix_Potter -
Blancmange (band)
Blancmange are an English synthpop band who came to prominence with a string of hits in the early to mid 1980s.
Blancmange was formed in Harrow, Middlesex in 1979 by singer Neil Arthur (born 15 June 1958, Darwen, Lancashire) and instrumentalists Stephen Luscombe (born 29 October 1954, Hillingdon, Middlesex) and Laurence Stevens. Stevens left shortly after the band was formed, and Arthur and Luscombe continued as a duo. The duo released their first EP, Irene and Mavis, the following year, but their first real exposure came via a track on the seminal Some Bizzare Album, alongside fellow acts Soft Cell and Depeche Mode. This led to them signing a recording contract with London Records.
Blancmange supported Nash the Slash on a London club tour in October and November 1980. Nash introduced the band to the Virgin subsidiary record label DinDisc, but they were ultimately signed by London Records, in 1982.
The duo found minor success with their 1982 double A-sided single, "God's Kitchen"/"I've Seen The Word", which peaked at no. 65 in the UK. This was followed by "Feel Me", which peaked at no. 46. Later that year, they broke through with "Living on the Ceiling", which reached no. 7 in the UK Singles Chart. Their debut album, Happy Families (which featured a sleeve painting in the style of Louis Wain), also reached the top 30.
wn.com/Blancmange_(band) -
Bryn Haworth
Bryn Haworth (born 29 July 1948) is a British Christian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and pioneer of Jesus music in mainstream rock. Born in Blackburn, Lancashire, UK, he has released some twenty-two albums and several singles since the 1970s as well as guesting as guitarist on many other albums by rock and folk artists. He continues to tour in the UK, appearing mostly at smaller venues, Christian centres and at prisons. He has also appeared three times at the UK Greenbelt festival. His chosen instruments include guitar (particularly slide or bottleneck guitar) and mandolin.
He was presented by BBC Radio 1 disc jockey John Peel on his show in 1974 and 1975 and made two television appearances on the BBC Two's Old Grey Whistle Test. Also in the 1970s, Haworth appeared on the weekly ITV television show "Pop Gospel", presented by Berni Flint.
Together with wife Sally, Haworth has engaged in extensive musical and evangelical work in prison settings. Haworth has his own website and is featured in the current Crossrythms artists catalogue.
wn.com/Bryn_Haworth -
Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.
Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. He was influenced by his predecessor, the French silent film comedian Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the music hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin was identified with left-wing politics during the McCarthy era and he was ultimately forced to resettle in Europe from 1952.
wn.com/Charlie_Chaplin -
China Crisis
China Crisis is an English pop/rock band. They were formed in 1979 in Kirkby, near Liverpool, Merseyside with a core of vocalist/keyboardist Gary Daly and guitarist Eddie Lundon. Their output was pop music similar in style to that of New Wave but with strong similarities to the post-punk movement of the early 1980s, namely inclusion of a broader range of musical influences and occasional flirtation with political commentary.[citation needed] Throughout their career, China Crisis has seen moderate success in the United Kingdom with ten hit singles between August 1982 and January 1987 and six albums, as well as commercial success in Western Europe, Australia and the Americas.
Sharing an affection for Stevie Wonder, Steely Dan, David Bowie, and Brian Eno, Daly and Lundon played with various Knowsley post-punk groups. Daly then spent time tinkering with synthesizers and a drum machine. Along with Lundon, Daly began writing songs. The pair eventually asked drummer and percussionist Dave Reilly to join them, and in 1982 they released their debut single "African and White" as China Crisis on the independent record label, Inevitable. In June 1982, they supported the former Television guitarist, Tom Verlaine, at London's Venue.
wn.com/China_Crisis -
Dick Burton (golfer)
Richard Burton (11 October 1907 – February 1974) was an English professional golfer.
Burton is mainly remembered for winning The Open Championship (British Open) in 1939, when it was played on the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland. His win was achieved in some style, with a birdie down the 18th to win by two shots from Johnny Bulla. He played for Great Britain in the Ryder Cup in 1935, 1937, and 1949, and won two of his five matches.
Burton, a former four-loom weaver at Cobden Mill, was born in Darwen, Lancashire. He is remembered for holding the Open title for the longest time – from 1939 till after World War II. In the spring of 1946, he wrote to the Royal and Ancient, "Dear Sirs, Please find enclosed my fee of five guineas for this year's Open. I will bring the trophy back when I come."
Burton was based at Sale Golf Club, on the Manchester Cheshire border, and is still celebrated at the club. Every year the club holds the Richard Burton Trophy on the weekend of the Open Championship, and have a display including the putter he used to win the Open. In later life, he was the club professional at Coombe Hill Golf Club in Kingston, Surrey. He once bet a rival that he could beat him using only a putter. He lost his bet, but only on the 18th hole.
wn.com/Dick_Burton_(golfer) -
Ed Miliband
Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British Labour Party politician, currently the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the South Yorkshire constituency of Doncaster North since 2005 and served in the Cabinet from 2007 to 2010 under Prime Minister Gordon Brown. He and his brother, David Miliband, were the first siblings to sit in the Cabinet simultaneously since Edward, Lord Stanley, and Oliver Stanley in 1938.
Born in London, Miliband graduated from Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the London School of Economics, becoming first a television journalist and then a Labour Party researcher, before rising to become one of Chancellor Gordon Brown's confidants and Chairman of HM Treasury's Council of Economic Advisers.
As Prime Minister, Gordon Brown appointed Miliband as Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on 28 June 2007. He was subsequently promoted to the new post of Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, a position he held from 3 October 2008 to 11 May 2010. On 25 September 2010, he was elected Leader of the Labour Party.
wn.com/Ed_Miliband -
Edmund Potter
Edmund Potter senior (1802–1883), was a Manchester industrialist and MP and grandfather to Beatrix Potter.
He was a unitarian and, from 1861 to 1874, Liberal MP for Carlisle. Potter moved his business to Glossop in 1825, he rebuilt Joseph Lyne's Boggart Mill, and converted it to a printworks. He moved his family to Dinting Lodge in 1842. Originally calico printing was done by hand, but Potter introduced precision machine printing. By 1883, the mill employed 350, and had printed 1 million pieces on 42 machines. It was the world's largest calico printing factory.
James Potter (1710–1770) of Hindley was a flax merchant. He moved to New Market Place, Manchester. His son John Potter lived at rural Ardwick Green, Manchester, He married Catherine Eccles of Macclesfield. He visited America in 1794. They had three sons and two daughters. John the first son was a calico printer, James was the third son. They lived in Ardwick Green.
Edmund Potter was the son of James, he lived with his wife Jessica Crompton of Lancaster, in Greenheys, Manchester. In 1842 they moved to Dinting Lodge, Glossop. . He was the first Edmund Potter of the Dinting Vale Printworks, which he ran with Charles Potter, the son of his uncle John. Later the partnership was dissolved and Charles moved to Darwen where he became a printer of wallpaper. Edmund had seven children and two are of note. Edmund succeeded his father in the business in 1862, and Rupert became a barrister. Rupert's two children, Walter Bertram Potter and Beatrix Potter were both artists of some renown.
wn.com/Edmund_Potter -
First World War
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
wn.com/First_World_War -
George Formby, Jr.
George Formby, OBE (26 May 1904 – 6 March 1961), born George Hoy Booth, was a British comedy actor, singer-songwriter, and comedian. He sang light, comical songs, accompanying himself on the banjo ukulele or banjolele. He was a major star of stage and screen in the 1930s and 1940s.
Formby was born at 3 Westminster Street, Wigan, Lancashire, as George Hoy Booth. The eldest of seven surviving children, Formby was born blind because of an obstructive caul. His sight was restored during a violent coughing fit or sneeze when he was a few months old.His father James Booth used the stage name George Formby, adopted from the town of Formby, Lancashire. He was one of the great music hall comedians of his day, fully the equal of his son's later success. His father, not wishing him to watch his performances, moved the family to Atherton Road in Hindley. It was from there that the younger Formby was apprenticed as a jockey when he was seven. He rode his first professional race at 10, when he weighed under 4 stone (56 lb; 25 kg).
wn.com/George_Formby,_Jr. -
George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.
Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture, Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any two books by any other 20th-century author. His book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are his numerous essays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Orwell's influence on popular and political culture endures, and several of his neologisms, along with the term Orwellian—a byword for totalitarian or manipulative social practices—have entered the vernacular.
wn.com/George_Orwell -
Jake Berry
James Jacob Gilchrist (Jake) Berry (born 29 December 1978) is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rossendale and Darwen, having won the seat at the 2010 UK General Election when he beat Labour Party MP Janet Anderson by a majority of 4,000 votes.
Berry was born in Liverpool and educated at Liverpool College, Sheffield University and studied Law at Chester College subsequently becoming a solicitor with Halliwells LLP, a law firm in Manchester. Berry is a solicitor for commercial property. He now lives with his wife Charlotte in Helmshore.
Berry was elected in the 2010 General Election as MP for Rossendale and Darwen. He won against incumbent MP Janet Anderson, who held the position for eighteen years, in an 8.9% swing to the Conservatives. Berry overturned a Labour majority of 3,616 to win by 4,493 votes.
In 2010 he was appointed as the Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Grant Shapps, the Minister for Housing and Local Government at the Department of Communities and Local Government.
wn.com/Jake_Berry -
Margaret Chapman
Margaret Chapman née Duxbury (18 November 1940 – 28 July 2000) was a British illustrator and painter. Born in Darwen, Lancashire, she studied at Liverpool College of Art alongside Stuart Sutcliffe and John Lennon. Her work was often reproduced as limited edition prints and sold in more than 50 countries.
Her oil and gouache paintings often featured Edwardian street scenes, usually – but not exclusively – in the north of England and drew comparisons with L. S. Lowry.
In 1978 she published a book of her most famous paintings called When Steak was a Shilling a Pound. Her great-uncle was Charles Lightoller who was Second Officer of The Titanic and a survivor of its sinking.
She introduced John Lennon to J.D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye while they were students in Liverpool
wn.com/Margaret_Chapman -
Mohandas K. Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (pronounced: [ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi]; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.
Son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu Bania community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law in London. Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using the new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent of "communalism" (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj—the independence of India from British domination.
wn.com/Mohandas_K._Gandhi -
Norman Wisdom
Sir Norman Joseph Wisdom,OBE (4 February 1915 – 4 October 2010) was an English actor, comedian and singer-songwriter best known for a series of comedy films produced between 1953 and 1966 featuring his hapless onscreen character Norman Pitkin. These films initially made more money than the James Bond film series. Wisdom gained a celebrity status in lands as far apart as South America, Iran and many Eastern Bloc countries, particularly in Albania, where his films were the only ones by Western actors permitted by Enver Hoxha to be shown.Charlie Chaplin once referred to Wisdom as his "favourite clown".
Wisdom later forged a career on Broadway in New York and as a television actor, winning critical acclaim for his dramatic role of a dying cancer patient in the television play Going Gently in 1981. It was broadcast on 5 June that year. He toured Australia and South Africa. After the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, a hospice was named in his honour. In 1995 he was given the Freedom of the City of London and of Tirana. The same year he received an OBE. Wisdom was knighted in 2000 and spent much of his later life on the Isle of Man. Some of his later appearances included roles in Last of the Summer Wine and Coronation Street, and he retired from acting at the age of 90 after his health deteriorated.
wn.com/Norman_Wisdom -
Sam Wadsworth
Samuel John Wadsworth (13 September 1896 in Darwen, England – 1 September 1961 in Eindhoven, Netherlands) was a professional footballer who played as a defender for Blackburn Rovers, Nelson, Huddersfield Town, Burnley and Lytham.
He made nine appearances for England between April 1922 and October 1926, and was captain for his final four appearances.
He was later manager of PSV Eindhoven in the 1930s.
He died in Eindhoven in 1961.
wn.com/Sam_Wadsworth -
The Buzzcocks
Buzzcocks are an English punk rock band formed in Bolton in 1976, led by singer–songwriter–guitarist Pete Shelley and singer-songwriter-guitarist Steve Diggle.
They are regarded as an important influence on the Manchester music scene, the independent record label movement, punk rock, power pop, pop punk and indie rock. They achieved commercial success with singles that fused pop craftsmanship with rapid-fire punk energy. These singles were collected on Singles Going Steady, described by critic Ned Raggett as a "punk masterpiece". The widely covered "Ever Fallen in Love (With Someone You Shouldn't've)" remains one of their best-known songs, along with "Harmony in my Head".
The name "Buzzcocks" was chosen by Howard Devoto and Pete Shelley after reading the headline "it's the buzz, cocks!" in a review of the TV series Rock Follies in Time Out magazine. The "buzz" is the excitement of playing on stage; "cock" is Manchester slang meaning "mate" (as in friend/buddy). They thought it captured the excitement of the Sex Pistols and nascent punk scene.
wn.com/The_Buzzcocks
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
DARWEN TOWER DIAMOND JUBILEE CELEBRATION HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:57
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
EVENTS AT DARWEN TOWER ON 4th JUNE 2012,LIGHTING OF THE BEACON,TOWN CRYER, SING-ALONG, ORGANISED BY DARWEN DISTRICT SCOUT ASSOCIATION WITH Girlguiding UK DARWEN DIVISION. FILMED BY MIVIDEO PRODUCTIONS DARWEN.for copies ring 01254775784 or e-mail JIM AT mivideo@talktalk.net AVAILABLE ON BLUE-RAY AND DVD
http://wn.com/DARWEN_TOWER_DIAMOND_JUBILEE_CELEBRATION_HD
EVENTS AT DARWEN TOWER ON 4th JUNE 2012,LIGHTING OF THE BEACON,TOWN CRYER, SING-ALONG, ORGANISED BY DARWEN DISTRICT SCOUT ASSOCIATION WITH Girlguiding UK DARWEN DIVISION. FILMED BY MIVIDEO PRODUCTIONS DARWEN.for copies ring 01254775784 or e-mail JIM AT mivideo@talktalk.net AVAILABLE ON BLUE-RAY AND DVD
The Adventures at Darwen Tower 2012.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Michael and Doreen go on a jolly japes to East Lancashire, Blackburn way to Darwen. They climb the Jubilee tower built in 1896 to commemorate Queen Victoria's reign on the throne. Views of Darwen, Blackburn, Clitheroe, Pendle Hill, the Fylde coast, Blackpool, Longridge, Beacon Fell and surrounding countryside.
http://wn.com/The_Adventures_at_Darwen_Tower_2012
Michael and Doreen go on a jolly japes to East Lancashire, Blackburn way to Darwen. They climb the Jubilee tower built in 1896 to commemorate Queen Victoria's reign on the throne. Views of Darwen, Blackburn, Clitheroe, Pendle Hill, the Fylde coast, Blackpool, Longridge, Beacon Fell and surrounding countryside.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 199
- author: Michael Paul Adamus
Dickheads In Darwen - Albert Rhymestein & Isaac Nuisance (NIP Remix)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Isaac Nuisance's Debut Mixtape! Download Here: www.4shared.com The NIP Remix by Albert Ryhmestein, Isaac Nuisance & DJ Grant Mizon.. From Jaycee (Isaac Nuisance) up coming mix tape - Exhibit J
http://wn.com/Dickheads_In_Darwen_Albert_Rhymestein_Isaac_Nuisance_NIP_Remix
Isaac Nuisance's Debut Mixtape! Download Here: www.4shared.com The NIP Remix by Albert Ryhmestein, Isaac Nuisance & DJ Grant Mizon.. From Jaycee (Isaac Nuisance) up coming mix tape - Exhibit J
- published: 04 Mar 2012
- views: 22287
- author: FlexxedTV
Dubstep Mash Up - Darwen Flood 23/06/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Didnt quite cover it all.. but its better than nothing
http://wn.com/Dubstep_Mash_Up_Darwen_Flood_23_06_2012
Didnt quite cover it all.. but its better than nothing
- published: 22 Jun 2012
- views: 3093
- author: FlexxedTV
Darwen Music Festival 2012 - Vlog Day 375 (JUNE/04/2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Today we went for a walk down to the annual music festival in Darwen :) Hello there. My fiancee and I are making vlogs to document our lives and share with the world. Feel free to check out my other channels, click like and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE. Thank you!!! :) My sketch channel www.youtube.com My music channel www.youtube.com My Cover Song Channel www.youtube.com Follow me on 'Twitter' www.youtube.com The camera's I use are 'Canon Powershot SX220' and 'Sony Bloggie CM5'
http://wn.com/Darwen_Music_Festival_2012_Vlog_Day_375_JUNE_04_2012
Today we went for a walk down to the annual music festival in Darwen :) Hello there. My fiancee and I are making vlogs to document our lives and share with the world. Feel free to check out my other channels, click like and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE. Thank you!!! :) My sketch channel www.youtube.com My music channel www.youtube.com My Cover Song Channel www.youtube.com Follow me on 'Twitter' www.youtube.com The camera's I use are 'Canon Powershot SX220' and 'Sony Bloggie CM5'
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 286
- author: jvsvlogs
FOR SALE: Primlua Drive, Lower Darwen, Blackburn
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
•GROUND FLOOR: •SPACIOUS LOUNGE •STUNNING KITCHEN/DINING AREA •CONSERVATORY •SINGLE GARAGE •WC CLOAKROOM •FIRST FLOOR •MASTER BEDROOM •2 DOUBLE BEDS/2 SINGLE BEDS •FAMILY BATHROOM Ainsworth Lord Estates are delighted to present For Sale this 5 Bedroom Family Home on a private development known as Regents Park.... Come with me I'll show you around..... Driving up Primula Drive you come to a very quiet quaint cul-de-sac, this property is situated on the bend of the cul-de-sac. You have a double drive at the front and on road parking at the bottom of the drive, you notice the Double Extension which has been cleverly designed as it retains the single garage. The front garden is a Lawned area with shrubbery. On entering the property you are into the entrance Hall, complimented with a parquet floor. To your right is a WC cloakroom (1.75mx 0.79m), WC and Vanity Wash Basin, again very pleasant it's decorated in a neutral colour with feature mirror tiles on one wall and has a Laminate floor. Moving through the door we enter the Main lounge (4.80mx 3.58m) it's very spacious with very nice front window which makes it lovely and bright, the décor is contemporary finished with a Laminate Floor. The Key Feature in this room is the Ornate Fire place with a Modern Pebble effect Electric Fire, I can imagine how Cosy this Fireplace will make the room feel in the Winter months. Moving through the house we enter the Family Kitchen (4.42mx 2.54m) it's a very Spacious Kitchen, it has ample ...
http://wn.com/FOR_SALE_Primlua_Drive,_Lower_Darwen,_Blackburn
•GROUND FLOOR: •SPACIOUS LOUNGE •STUNNING KITCHEN/DINING AREA •CONSERVATORY •SINGLE GARAGE •WC CLOAKROOM •FIRST FLOOR •MASTER BEDROOM •2 DOUBLE BEDS/2 SINGLE BEDS •FAMILY BATHROOM Ainsworth Lord Estates are delighted to present For Sale this 5 Bedroom Family Home on a private development known as Regents Park.... Come with me I'll show you around..... Driving up Primula Drive you come to a very quiet quaint cul-de-sac, this property is situated on the bend of the cul-de-sac. You have a double drive at the front and on road parking at the bottom of the drive, you notice the Double Extension which has been cleverly designed as it retains the single garage. The front garden is a Lawned area with shrubbery. On entering the property you are into the entrance Hall, complimented with a parquet floor. To your right is a WC cloakroom (1.75mx 0.79m), WC and Vanity Wash Basin, again very pleasant it's decorated in a neutral colour with feature mirror tiles on one wall and has a Laminate floor. Moving through the door we enter the Main lounge (4.80mx 3.58m) it's very spacious with very nice front window which makes it lovely and bright, the décor is contemporary finished with a Laminate Floor. The Key Feature in this room is the Ornate Fire place with a Modern Pebble effect Electric Fire, I can imagine how Cosy this Fireplace will make the room feel in the Winter months. Moving through the house we enter the Family Kitchen (4.42mx 2.54m) it's a very Spacious Kitchen, it has ample ...
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 1268
- author: AinsworthLordEstates
FOR SALE, Westwood Manor House, Blackburn Rd, Darwen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 07 Aug 2012
- 3 BEDROOOMS - 2 DRAWING ROOMS - OFFICE/READING ROOM - CONSERVATORY - STUNNING FITTED KITCHEN - FAMILY BATHROOM - SHOWER ROOM - AMAZING HALL AND STAIRS - LOVELY GROUNDS - A WEALTH OF ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES On approach to this property you drive through wrought Iron Gates and up the drive to the Manor House. There are private gated parking spaces for up to 3-4 cars. You walk through the garden gate into the grounds of this house. On entering the property you enter a vestibule (2.13mx 2.60m) not like any other vestibule I've ever seen. There are inset wall paintings and it has the original architraving around the ceiling with coving, detailed in a gold finish. There are stained glass windows on the vestibule door which then lead you into the main hallway. An impressive Hall (6.43mx 2.50m) with a sweeping staircase leading to the galleried landing. The flooring is the original tiling, dating back to the 1800's. The first Drawing Room is on your right, it is a magnificent size (5.54mx 4.67) with a beautiful Maple floor, High Ceilings and the original Coving... There are fabulous Sash windows with seating area and a Feature Fireplace with Open Fire. From here you walk through Patio Doors into a large conservatory (4.98mx 3.92m) which is very private and looks out onto the gardens. It is decorated and finished with a laminate floor. There is a ceiling fan and patio doors leading out onto the gardens. Returning to the grand hall you now enter the 2nd Drawing Room (6.36mx 4.47m ...
http://wn.com/FOR_SALE,_Westwood_Manor_House,_Blackburn_Rd,_Darwen
- 3 BEDROOOMS - 2 DRAWING ROOMS - OFFICE/READING ROOM - CONSERVATORY - STUNNING FITTED KITCHEN - FAMILY BATHROOM - SHOWER ROOM - AMAZING HALL AND STAIRS - LOVELY GROUNDS - A WEALTH OF ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES On approach to this property you drive through wrought Iron Gates and up the drive to the Manor House. There are private gated parking spaces for up to 3-4 cars. You walk through the garden gate into the grounds of this house. On entering the property you enter a vestibule (2.13mx 2.60m) not like any other vestibule I've ever seen. There are inset wall paintings and it has the original architraving around the ceiling with coving, detailed in a gold finish. There are stained glass windows on the vestibule door which then lead you into the main hallway. An impressive Hall (6.43mx 2.50m) with a sweeping staircase leading to the galleried landing. The flooring is the original tiling, dating back to the 1800's. The first Drawing Room is on your right, it is a magnificent size (5.54mx 4.67) with a beautiful Maple floor, High Ceilings and the original Coving... There are fabulous Sash windows with seating area and a Feature Fireplace with Open Fire. From here you walk through Patio Doors into a large conservatory (4.98mx 3.92m) which is very private and looks out onto the gardens. It is decorated and finished with a laminate floor. There is a ceiling fan and patio doors leading out onto the gardens. Returning to the grand hall you now enter the 2nd Drawing Room (6.36mx 4.47m ...
- published: 06 Aug 2012
- views: 5560
- author: AinsworthLordEstates
Darwen Tower & Tockholes Woods, GoPro Chesty 3-6-2012.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:42
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
WulfPac RigRiderz MTB Club
http://wn.com/Darwen_Tower_Tockholes_Woods,_GoPro_Chesty_3-6-2012mp4
AFC Darwen v Padiham FC 28/07/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:42
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
AFC Darwens pre season highlights against Padiham FC at the Anchor Ground.
http://wn.com/AFC_Darwen_v_Padiham_FC_28_07_12
AFC Darwens pre season highlights against Padiham FC at the Anchor Ground.
- published: 29 Jul 2012
- views: 798
- author: AFCDARWEN
AFC DARWEN v CHADDERTON FC 29/09/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:07
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
29th September 2012.Highlights from AFC Darwens match against Chadderton FC at the Anchor Ground in the North West Counties League Division One. AFC Darwen 2-1 Chadderton FC,
http://wn.com/AFC_DARWEN_v_CHADDERTON_FC_29_09_12
29th September 2012.Highlights from AFC Darwens match against Chadderton FC at the Anchor Ground in the North West Counties League Division One. AFC Darwen 2-1 Chadderton FC,
- published: 02 Oct 2012
- views: 203
- author: AFCDARWEN
DO THE DARWEN RAP.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Lets All Do The Darwen Rap.
http://wn.com/DO_THE_DARWEN_RAP
Martin Stephenson and the Daintees, Slaughterman, Darwen Li
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Martin Stephenson and the Daintees, Slaughterman, Darwen Library Theatre 24/11/12
http://wn.com/Martin_Stephenson_and_the_Daintees,_Slaughterman,_Darwen_Li
Martin Stephenson and the Daintees, Slaughterman, Darwen Library Theatre 24/11/12
- published: 25 Nov 2012
- views: 85
- author: b4daveuk2
GIANT TEA & BISCUIT DUNKING IN DARWEN TOWN CENTER (Lancashire)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
world biggest tea pot, biscuits & tea cup in Darwen town center with special guest: Heston Blumenthal. enjoy if u missed it shot it from my camera phone!
http://wn.com/GIANT_TEA_BISCUIT_DUNKING_IN_DARWEN_TOWN_CENTER_Lancashire
world biggest tea pot, biscuits & tea cup in Darwen town center with special guest: Heston Blumenthal. enjoy if u missed it shot it from my camera phone!
- published: 19 Jul 2012
- views: 568
- author: RolePlayGame101
Jubilee Tower Darwen to Tockholes and Sunnyhurst Wood mountain bike ride
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:10
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Jubilee Tower Darwen to Tockholes and Sunnyhurst Wood mountain bike ride. 16 miles, 3 hours. Thanks to Lee for the route, and to John and Jon for the company! Don't forget you can change the video quality! Music from POD self titled album Payable On Death - Freedom Fighters, The Reasons, Revolution; and from Lost Prophets album Start Something - i Don't Know, Hello Again. Hope you enjoy! Not got to grips with processing/editing the video in HD yet, let me know if you want higher quality?
http://wn.com/Jubilee_Tower_Darwen_to_Tockholes_and_Sunnyhurst_Wood_mountain_bike_ride
Jubilee Tower Darwen to Tockholes and Sunnyhurst Wood mountain bike ride. 16 miles, 3 hours. Thanks to Lee for the route, and to John and Jon for the company! Don't forget you can change the video quality! Music from POD self titled album Payable On Death - Freedom Fighters, The Reasons, Revolution; and from Lost Prophets album Start Something - i Don't Know, Hello Again. Hope you enjoy! Not got to grips with processing/editing the video in HD yet, let me know if you want higher quality?
- published: 30 Nov 2012
- views: 13
- author: 1heUndertaker
DARWEN TOWER QUEENS DIAMOND JUBILEE BEACON
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:47
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
THE EVENTS OF THE 4th JUNE 2012,PEOPLE GATHERING,SINGING, TOWN CRYER AND LIGHTING OF THE QUEENS JUBILEE BEACON AT DARWEN TOWER. ORGANISED BY DARWEN DISTRICT SCOUT ASSOCIATION WITH Girlguiding UK DARWEN DIVISION. FILMED in HD BY MIVIDEO OF DARWEN e-mail mi.video@talktalk.net 01254-775784 DVD AND BLU-RAY COPIES AVAILABLE
http://wn.com/DARWEN_TOWER_QUEENS_DIAMOND_JUBILEE_BEACON
THE EVENTS OF THE 4th JUNE 2012,PEOPLE GATHERING,SINGING, TOWN CRYER AND LIGHTING OF THE QUEENS JUBILEE BEACON AT DARWEN TOWER. ORGANISED BY DARWEN DISTRICT SCOUT ASSOCIATION WITH Girlguiding UK DARWEN DIVISION. FILMED in HD BY MIVIDEO OF DARWEN e-mail mi.video@talktalk.net 01254-775784 DVD AND BLU-RAY COPIES AVAILABLE
- published: 07 Jun 2012
- views: 854
- author: James Welsh
Darwen District Scouts & Guides Jubilee Beacon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Took place at Darwen Tower on 4th June 2012
http://wn.com/Darwen_District_Scouts_Guides_Jubilee_Beacon
Bokwa @ Darwen Leisure Centre
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Come along and try our new class! Bokwa is an intense cardiovascular workout combined with South African war dance, Capoeira, Kickboxing and Steps. It has been proven to burn a great amount of calories making it easier for weight loss goals. Through the use of fast paced extreme movement, a fun, challenging, and energizing total body workout was created. For more information please call us on 01254 874900, visit www.darwenleisurecentre.com or pop in and see us! Find us on Facebook too....www.facebook.com/darwenleisure
http://wn.com/Bokwa_@_Darwen_Leisure_Centre
Come along and try our new class! Bokwa is an intense cardiovascular workout combined with South African war dance, Capoeira, Kickboxing and Steps. It has been proven to burn a great amount of calories making it easier for weight loss goals. Through the use of fast paced extreme movement, a fun, challenging, and energizing total body workout was created. For more information please call us on 01254 874900, visit www.darwenleisurecentre.com or pop in and see us! Find us on Facebook too....www.facebook.com/darwenleisure
- published: 31 Jan 2012
- views: 8094
- author: DarwenLeisureCentre
Baroness Massey | Stories of Democracy | House of Lords
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Baroness Massey of Darwen encourages young people to understand politics and how democracy works through visits to schools and school visits to Parliament. She highlights the range of questions young people ask and the importance of considering children's rights and human rights in all debates. This video was filmed for Parliament Week 2011. To find out more about the annual Parliament Week please visit www.parliament.uk
http://wn.com/Baroness_Massey_|_Stories_of_Democracy_|_House_of_Lords
Baroness Massey of Darwen encourages young people to understand politics and how democracy works through visits to schools and school visits to Parliament. She highlights the range of questions young people ask and the importance of considering children's rights and human rights in all debates. This video was filmed for Parliament Week 2011. To find out more about the annual Parliament Week please visit www.parliament.uk
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 21
- author: ukhouseoflords
India Mill Darwen Live 2012 - Song 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 03 Aug 2012
India Mill Darwen Live 2012 - www.indiamillmusic.co.uk
http://wn.com/India_Mill_Darwen_Live_2012_Song_1
India Mill Darwen Live 2012 - www.indiamillmusic.co.uk
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 56
- author: flambemonkey
For Pete's Sake - The Killers Cover - Darwen Live 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 05 Jun 2012
For Pete's Sake Cover Of 'All These Things That I've Done' By The Killers At Darwen Live 2012
http://wn.com/For_Pete's_Sake_The_Killers_Cover_Darwen_Live_2012
For Pete's Sake Cover Of 'All These Things That I've Done' By The Killers At Darwen Live 2012
- published: 05 Jun 2012
- views: 143
- author: 825becki
Gandhi in Darwen - Empire - Episode 4 - BBC One
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
More about this programme: www.bbc.co.uk Unfair trading helped spark the independence movement in India, led by Mahatma Gandhi; in a former cotton spinning town in Lancashire, Jeremy meets two women who remember Gandhi's extraordinary visit in 1931.
http://wn.com/Gandhi_in_Darwen_Empire_Episode_4_BBC_One
More about this programme: www.bbc.co.uk Unfair trading helped spark the independence movement in India, led by Mahatma Gandhi; in a former cotton spinning town in Lancashire, Jeremy meets two women who remember Gandhi's extraordinary visit in 1931.
- published: 12 Mar 2012
- views: 1316
- author: BBC
Darwen Tower Project 2012 - WEC Goup (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
The extended official video of the installation of the new Darwen Tower Dome by specialist metal fabricators WEC Group. The new dome was manufactured free of charge by the first year apprentices of the WEC Welding & Engineering Training Academy Successfully installed by helicopter on Friday 13th January 2012, the new dome was donated to the people of Darwen by WEC's Managing Director Stephen Hartley Darwen's Jubilee Tower lost its dome and weather vane during 80mph winds on 11 November 2010. The new top, made from powder-coated stainless steel, is the third to crown the tower. The original, made from wood, also blew off in high winds in 1947. It was eventually replaced by a fibreglass replica after Darwen mayor Bill Lees launched a fund in 1971. Many residents from the town climbed the moors to witness the dome being being air lifted into place. A Grade II listed structure, the Tower was built in 1897 to commemorate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee.
http://wn.com/Darwen_Tower_Project_2012_WEC_Goup_Official_Video
The extended official video of the installation of the new Darwen Tower Dome by specialist metal fabricators WEC Group. The new dome was manufactured free of charge by the first year apprentices of the WEC Welding & Engineering Training Academy Successfully installed by helicopter on Friday 13th January 2012, the new dome was donated to the people of Darwen by WEC's Managing Director Stephen Hartley Darwen's Jubilee Tower lost its dome and weather vane during 80mph winds on 11 November 2010. The new top, made from powder-coated stainless steel, is the third to crown the tower. The original, made from wood, also blew off in high winds in 1947. It was eventually replaced by a fibreglass replica after Darwen mayor Bill Lees launched a fund in 1971. Many residents from the town climbed the moors to witness the dome being being air lifted into place. A Grade II listed structure, the Tower was built in 1897 to commemorate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee.
- published: 19 Jan 2012
- views: 1714
- author: WECgroup
Prince William and Miss Catherine Middleton visit Darwen, Lancashire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Prince William and Miss Catherine Middleton visited Darwen, Lancashire on Monday 11th April 2011. During the visit, The Prince and Miss Middleton visited the Darwen Aldridge Community Academy to mark it officially open, as well as Witton Country Park, to highlight the importance of outdoor recreational space. For more information, visit www.officialroyalwedding2011.org
http://wn.com/Prince_William_and_Miss_Catherine_Middleton_visit_Darwen,_Lancashire
Prince William and Miss Catherine Middleton visited Darwen, Lancashire on Monday 11th April 2011. During the visit, The Prince and Miss Middleton visited the Darwen Aldridge Community Academy to mark it officially open, as well as Witton Country Park, to highlight the importance of outdoor recreational space. For more information, visit www.officialroyalwedding2011.org
- published: 13 Apr 2011
- views: 459322
- author: TheRoyalChannel
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
20 Dec 2012
Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies. The group is expected to offer its proposals in January. “We know this is a complex issue that stirs deeply held passions and political divides,” Obama said. “But the fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing.” ... WAKE-UP CALL ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
19 Dec 2012
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has said she accepts the findings of an independent panel that faulted the State Department over the deadly September attack on the US mission in Benghazi, Libya. An inquiry into the attack on the US mission, which saw the US ambassador and three other US citizens killed, found that the State Department security arrangements there were "grossly inadequate" ... 390 Source. ... Share ... Jaws ... Anaheim....(size: 19.2Kb)
The Guardian
19 Dec 2012
Local government spending power has been cut by 1.7% – what will it mean for councils around the country?. Eric Pickles has announced the local government funding settlement for 2013-14 Photograph. John Giles/PA ... You can also read the full report here. Kate Hollern, leader of Blackburn with Darwen council ... Blackburn with Darwen has a proud history with resilient people who deserve better than this.". Joe Anderson, mayor of Liverpool ... ....(size: 7.5Kb)
The Guardian
19 Dec 2012
Hilary Benn joins condemnation of communities secretary's plan for slashing local authority funding by up to 8.8%. Eric Pickles, the Tories' communities secretary, says the onus is on councils to pursue 'sensible savings'. Photograph. Martin Godwin for the Guardian ... He said ... He added ... correctKate Hollern, leader of Blackburn with Darwen council, forecast that her council would see its budget fall by £27m, or 20%, in April ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
The Examiner
18 Dec 2012
Most would be appalled to know that the expiration date on a gallon of milk is not the absolute last day you can have a bowl of cereal ... Read more ... chicken ... " Eamonn Kilbride, a 46-year-old IT manager at Thwaites brewery, had been enjoying the party at the Whitehall Country Club in Darwen, Lancashire with his wife, Julie — who was also there celebrating her birthday ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
The Guardian
17 Dec 2012
The largest in Europe when it opened in 1969, Preston bus station could be reduced to rubble if the council has its way. Preston bus station is rightly recognised as one of the country’s most dramatic public buildings of its time. Photograph ... It bares a quality of material rarely found in today's public buildings, from bespoke hardwood handrails to white tiles produced by Shaws of Darwen – of the same kind used in Harrods ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)
CBC
17 Dec 2012
Showing off swivel hips that would do a running back proud, PSY rocked the Rogers Centre Gangnam Style on Sunday. The South Korean rapper's show was short but sweet — the length of his signature song during halftime of the NFL game between the Buffalo Bills and Seattle Seahawks ... "Make some noise," PSY yelled mid-song ... "Let me see you dance," he added ... His wife was celebrating her birthday at the event in Darwen, Lancashire ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
Celebrity Café
14 Dec 2012
A UK man died last weekend during a Christmas office party after he tried to imitate the dance moves of Korean pop star PSY during the song “Gangnam Style.”. Eamonn Kilbride, 46, had complained about chest pains after performing the dance moves at the Thwaites brewery’s party Saturday night at a hotel in Darwen, Lancashire, reports The Daily Mail ... 0 ... None ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
The Examiner
13 Dec 2012
"Gangnam Style" by the artist Psy has been a huge hit song and dance for months ... His wife was also there celebrating her birthday, at the Whitehall Country Club in Darwen, Lancashire, when he began to have chest pains. She tried to revive him with CPR ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
Fox News
13 Dec 2012
AP/Invision. A U.K. man collapsed and died from a heart attack at his office Christmas party - after dancing to Gangnam Style ... The tragedy occurred at an office party for the Thwaites brewery, in Blackburn, Lancashire, where Kilbride worked as an IT manager. His wife Julie was with him, celebrating her birthday, at the Whitehall Country Club in Darwen, Lancashire, when he began to complain of chest pains ... on Saturday ... Julie continued ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Examiner
13 Dec 2012
A "Gangnam Style" death brought an office Christmas party to a tragic end when a 46-year-old man literally danced himself to death in the style of viral pop sensation PSY ... According to a Dec ... on Saturday ... Paramedics who arrived at the Whitehall Country Club in Darwen, Lancashire were unable to revive the man who suffered the first-known case of "Gangnam Style" death ... Suggested by the author. ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
BBC News
13 Dec 2012
The Times leads with a powerful despatch by its correspondent in the Syrian city of Aleppo. He says that just a few weeks ago, the population focused their survival on dodging shellfire and bullets ... Tax bill ... Energetic moves ... Eamonn Kilbride had joined others at the party in Darwen, Lancashire, in performing the energetic horse riding-style moves made famous by the South Korean singer, Psy ... Editorial decisions ... Show of strength ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)
BBC News
13 Dec 2012
School name Local authority What does this mean? Expected level in English and maths (%) What does this mean? Average point score Crays Hill Primary School Essex 8% 16.6 Aberford Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School Leeds 17% 19.5 Kettlesing Felliscliffe Community Primary School North Yorkshire 17% 20.0 Minsterworth Church of ......(size: 40.1Kb)
BBC News
13 Dec 2012
Enter full postcode to find area Search Select a local authority Barking and Dagenham Barnet Barnsley Bath and North East Somerset Bedford Bexley Birmingham Blackburn with Darwen Blackpool Bolton Bournemouth Bracknell Forest Bradford Brent Brighton and Hove Bristol, City of Bromley Buckinghamshire Bury Calderdale Cambridgeshire Camden Central ......(size: 10.1Kb)
This article is about the town in Lancashire. For the similarly named river which runs through the town, see River Darwen.
Not to be confused with any of the possible meanings of Darwin.
Coordinates: 53°41′53″N 2°27′40″W / 53.698°N 2.461°W / 53.698; -2.461
| Darwen | |
 Montage of Darwen. From top to bottom, left to right: Landscape View of Darwen, Darwen Town Hall, India Mill Chimney, Darwen Jubilee Tower, Darwen Coat of Arms, Darwen Library and Bold Venture Park. |
|
 Darwen
Darwen shown within Lancashire |
|
| Area | 7.58 km2 (2.93 sq mi) [1] |
|---|---|
| Population | 31,570 [1] (2001 Census) |
| - Density | 4,165 /km2 (10,790 /sq mi)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SD695225 |
| Civil parish | Darwen |
| Unitary authority | Blackburn with Darwen |
| Ceremonial county | Lancashire |
| Region | North West |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | DARWEN |
| Postcode district | BB3 |
| Dialling code | 01254 |
| Police | Lancashire |
| Fire | Lancashire |
| Ambulance | North West |
| EU Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | Rossendale and Darwen |
| List of places: UK • England • Lancashire | |
Darwen is a market town and civil parish located within Lancashire, England. Along with its northerly neighbour, Blackburn, it forms the Borough of Blackburn with Darwen — a unitary authority area. It is known locally as "Darren", and its residents are known as "Darreners". The main road through Darwen is the A666 towards Blackburn to the north and Bolton to the south, and ultimately Manchester. The town stands on the River Darwen, which flows from south to north and is visible only in the outskirts of the town, as within the town centre it is submerged.
Contents |
History[link]
Most authorities trace the name 'Darwen' to the Brythonic derw "oak", originally applied to the river; an etymology supported an older form of the name, Derewent (1208).[2] It has also been claimed that the name Darwen stems from "Dwrgwyn", from the Old Welsh (also a Brythonic language) dwr or "water" and gwyn Brythonic for "white" or "clear". Thus the name may mean "clear water".
The area around Darwen has been inhabited since the early Bronze Age, and the remains of a barrow from approximately 2000 BC have been partially restored at the Ashleigh Barrow[3] in Whitehall. Artefacts including a bronze dagger and urns containing human ashes were found, and a small number of these finds are now on display at Darwen Library Theatre. The Romans once had a force in Lancashire, and a Roman road is visible on the Ordnance Survey map of the area. Mediaeval Darwen was tiny; little or nothing survives. One of the earliest remaining buildings is a farmhouse at Bury Fold, dated 1675.[4] Whitehall Cottage is thought to be the oldest house in the town, and was mostly built in the 17th and 18th centuries but contains a chimney piece dated 1557.[5][6]
Like many towns in Lancashire, Darwen was a centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. Samuel Crompton, inventor of the spinning mule, lived there for part of his life.[7] Rail links and the Leeds-Liverpool Canal arrived in the mid-19th century. The most important textile building in Darwen is India Mill, built by Eccles Shorrock & Company. The company was ruined, however, by the effects of the Lancashire Cotton Famine of the 1860s.
Much of the town was built between about 1850 and 1900; placenames, date stones in terraces, and the vernacular architecture of cellars, local stone, locally-made brick, pipework and tiles and leaded glass, the last now mostly gone, reflect this. It was one of the first places in the world to have steam trams. The arrangement of town hall, market, public transport, eating/hotel facilities and the pre-suburban mixed-size vernacular housing, with local variations according to topography, is very characteristic of northern England. The year 1900 perhaps represents the peak of Victorian optimism in the area. The working classes were then much more identifiable as masses than now. George Orwell, for example, described the sound of clogs on cobblestones of the large number of female millworkers.[citation needed] The rise of the Labour Party from about 1900 coincided with a decline in the Liberal Party, which followed the Manchester School in economics, increasingly seen as permitting unjustified exploitation. However, Darwen usually voted for the Conservative Party until a Conservative government made unpopular administrative rearrangements in the early 1970s.[citation needed]
Andrew Carnegie financed a public library here; the town also had an art and technology college and a grammar school. In common with many northern nonconformist towns, there are many chapels of assorted denominations, which flourished until the psychological blows of the First World War.[citation needed]
One of Darwen's biggest claims to fame is that it hosted a visit from Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1931. He had accepted the invitation[8] from Corder Catchpool, manager of the Spring Vale Garden Village Ltd[9], to see the effects of India's boycott of cotton goods. The unemployed mill workers greeted the man with great affection even when they were out of work, as they understood it was not India but greedy and irresponsible mill owners who were responsible for their situation.[citation needed]
India Mill is now home to many companies, including Brookhouse (producers of aeroplane parts) and Capita Group, which runs TV licensing. Since the 1950s, the textile industry has strongly declined in the region, although many industrial buildings from the period survive, now used for other purposes. India Mill and its famous chimney have been sold in a £12 million deal.[citation needed] Among Darwen's other famous industries are Crown Paints, formerly Walpamur Paints,[10] the earliest British paint manufacturer, which actually named one of its paints 'Darwen Satin Finish'. Crown Wallpaper manufactured wallpaper, Lincrusta and Anaglypta in the town. ICI Acrylics (now called Lucite International) was where acrylic glass (Perspex for windows and signage, and Sani-ware or Lucite used for the maufacture of baths and shower trays) was invented; it is still manufactured in two separate plants within the town. Spitfire canopies and (later) coloured polythene washing-up bowls were first made here.[citation needed]
Government[link]
The municipal borough of Darwen existed for ninety-six years, from 1878. The borough was merged with Blackburn in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The town became part of the Lancashire non-metropolitan district of Blackburn, which was renamed Blackburn with Darwen in 1997, shortly before it became a unitary authority.
The population of the town declined from 40 000 in the 1911 census to 30 000 in the 1971 census.[11]
Locally, Darwen has been represented by Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat councillors in the main council wards for the town. In the 2008 local elections, the For Darwen Party picked up the majority of the wards in the town to put pressure on Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council for Darwen to have its own council again. In June 2009 Darwen Town Council was formed.
There are five council wards within Darwen out of the 23 in the Borough of Blackburn with Darwen. These are:
Darwen had its own parliamentary constituency until 1983 when it became part of the present Rossendale and Darwen constituency. This marginal seat is currently held by Conservative Jake Berry.
Coat of arms[link]
The coat of arms for Darwen should not be confused with the coat of arms used by the unitary authority of Blackburn with Darwen, which is the coat of arms for Blackburn.
Darwen was granted its coat of arms on 7 August 1878.[13] At the foot of the coat of arms is the town motto in Latin Absque Labore Nihil, which translates as "Nothing without labour". The arms depicts three cotton bolls and the River Darwen which runs through the town. The cotton represents the cotton industry in which the town grew and prospered during the Industrial Revolution and the three bolls to represent the three main areas of Darwen - Over Darwen, Lower Darwen and Hoddlesden. At the helm of the coat of arms is a barred helmet representing nobility, and above it the torse in the town colours of blue and gold. At the crest a man stands shouldering a pick-axe, which refers to the town's motto and also represents the mining industry that was present to the east of the town at that time.
Education[link]
See also: List of schools in Blackburn with Darwen
After the passing of the Education Act 1870, many schools were established to serve the ever-growing population. Many were later demolished.
The Darwen Academy opened in September 2008 at the premises of the former Darwen Moorland High School on the outskirts of the town, which had closed in July 2008 to reopen as the academy after the summer holidays. All students from Darwen Moorland transferred to the academy. Students have subsequently moved down to the new site, into a state-of-the-art £49m academy, with sixth form and modern facilities. The plan to build the academy proved controversial (see Future and regeneration of the town below).
Darwen Vale High School is also being rebuilt and will be completed in 2012, as part of government's Building Schools for the Future (BSF) initiative.
Geography[link]
 |
Feniscowles | Blackburn | Accrington | |
| Leyland |  |
Haslingden | ||
 Darwen East |
||||
 |
||||
| Chorley | Bolton | Edgworth |
Location[link]
Darwen is a quintessential Lancastrian town in the south-east of the county. Its position in the West Pennine Moors makes its topography relatively arid[clarification needed] and it stands within a valley with the River Darwen flowing at its base. The river passes through the town from south to north, subsequently joining the River Ribble, one of the longest rivers in North West England. The town is mainly accessible from the north (Blackburn) and south (Bolton) by the A666 road. Its weather conditions made it perfect for cotton weaving and as a result it became one of the largest mill towns in Lancashire.
The Guinness Book of Records mentions that Darwen had one of the largest flash floods in the United Kingdom.[14]
Landmarks[link]
Darwen Jubilee Tower[link]
In 1897 the town council met to deliberate how best to celebrate the Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee. The idea of building the Jubilee Tower, in conjunction with public access to the moors, was put forward. A competition to design the tower was won by Ralph Ellison from the borough engineer's department and on 22 June 1897 work began. On 24 September 1898 the opening ceremony was held, attended by over 3,000 people. Present at the ceremony were Councillor Alexander Carus, Mayor Charles Huntington, the High Sheriff of Lancashire and Lord of the Manor Rev. W.A. Duckworth.
The tower, which is open to the public, overlooks the town from the moors and stands at an altitude of 374m and has a height of 26m. A spiral staircase leads to the top from where, on a clear day, Blackpool Tower, the Isle of Man, North Wales and the Furness Peninsula can be seen. In November 2010 the dome of the tower was blown off by strong winds. The dome was restored in January 2012.[15]
Darwen Library[link]
Originally situated in the Peel Street Baths (now the Co-operative supermarket in the Circus), the library was transferred to the new technical school building in 1895.[16] Today Darwen Library stands at the corner of Knott Street and School Street to the north of the Circus. It was commissioned by Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish migrant to the USA who made his fortune as a producer of iron and steel. He donated £8,000 in response to a speculative appeal for funds by the Library Committee. The opening took place on 27 May 1908 and was attended by Mayor Councilor G.P. Holde, Councillor Ralph Yates and Carnegie himself, The library has served the town ever since, with the original lecture hall being transformed into the Library Theatre in June 1971.[16]
Darwen Town and Market Hall[link]
The Market Hall was opened on 11 July 1882 and the clock tower was added in 1899, when Dr. Ballantyne became mayor. In the 1930s part of the market ground was made into the town's bus station and still remains today. In 1992 a three-day market was introduced. Although local government proceedings were transferred to Blackburn in the 1970s, the council chambers remained in the building, and were used by the magistrates' court from 1983 until 1992. The town hall currently houses offices of Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council and the local Neighbourhood Policing Team, and five shop units opened in 2011, and is a venue for meetings of the Darwen Town Council established in 2009.[16][17][18][19][20]
Parks[link]
Bold Venture Park[link]
Bold Venture Park stands to the west of the town, at the foot of the moors and the path which leads to the Jubilee Tower. The land in which the park lies was bought by Rev. W.A. Duckworth. It was built by W. Stubbs of the Borough Engineers and Thomas Hogy the landscaper and gardener, and opened in 1889.
Sunnyhurst Woods[link]
Sunnyhurst Woods was originally owned by the Brock-Hollinshead family and used for hunting stag. The area was later sold to Eccles Shorrock. To commemorate the coronation of Edward VII the land was turned into a public park on 2 July 1903.
Transport[link]
Darwen sits in a large valley strung along the A666 road along the valley floor. It is connected to the motorway system at Junction 4 of the M65 at Earcroft, on the town's northern boundary, and considerable traffic passes through the town centre along the A666, causing high levels of air pollution. The local council has recently attempted to address the situation by adding a new road layout to the town centre, with public transport and junction improvements to reduce traffic.
Darwen stands athwart the Ribble Valley railway line, operated by Northern Rail. Darwen railway station has one train per hour between Clitheroe and Manchester (via Bolton). Darwen's bus terminal (Darwen Circus) hosts buses up to every 12 minutes to Blackburn/Accrington on weekdays. There is also a service, every 30 minutes on weekdays and hourly on Sundays, to Bolton and Clitheroe, but the Bolton service terminates at 7:00pm. Both services are operated by Transdev Lancashire United.
In 2008 the "Pennine Reach" scheme, to improve public transport between Darwen, Blackburn and Hyndburn, was proposed by Lancashire and Blackburn with Darwen councils, including plans for the addition of bus lanes to the A666. However, it has been controversial, with some residents placing "Say no to Bus Lane, we don't want it" signs in their windows, and the neighbouring district of Hyndburn pulled out of the scheme.[21] The scheme was put on hold in 2010 as local authorities reviewed their spending after their budgets were cut, before being abandoned later in the year due to lack of government funding, and the councils are now looking at other ways to improve public transport.[22][23]
Future and regeneration of the town[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) |
Since the opening of the M65 motorway in 1997, many businesses have been attracted to the area, with industrial estates growing to the north of the town at Junction 4 of the motorway. The motorway services opened up a lot of easily accessible land for businesses, allowing large industrial units to be built.
In 2004 Crown Wallcoverings, previously one of the biggest businesses in the town, closed with the loss of more than 200 jobs.[24] The Crown building was a large redbrick ten-storey building with numerous chimneys. In 2006 the empty building and 60-metre high (200 ft) chimney was demolished. In 2008 building work started on the site to build 79 two-bedroom apartments and 56 three-bedroom family homes. The building of these homes was halted during 2009 due to a lack of buyers because of the economic downturn.
In December 2006, Darwen's Leisure Centre closed so that a new £12.7m leisure centre could be built. The previous leisure centre's facilities were run-down and there was a crack in the pool. The new "state-of-the-art" leisure centre was planned on its original site. However, the leisure centre was left empty and untouched for over a year while original plans were scrapped, as they did not include a sports hall as the old leisure centre had. The plan was to have a split site, and the sports hall facilities would be part of Darwen Vale High School. The residents of Darwen wanted all facilities on one site, so the plans were altered. In February 2008 work began on demolishing all the buildings. The centre's original porchway was dismantled and will be rebuilt next to the White Lion pub, to act as a freestanding archway into the centre, so as to preserve its Roman Baths-style facade.
The new leisure centre opened on 29 January 2010 and features a 25-metre, 8-lane swimming pool, children's pool, activity rooms, a gym with 80 pieces of equipment, a large health suite, a cafe and a 63-space car park. The Roman-Baths-style façade was rebuilt next to the White Lion pub, providing a freestanding archway. To many residents of the town, the new leisure centre is a great success, but some dislike the architectural design of the building, and the fact that the large windows of the swimming pool look out onto the road, where passers by and standing traffic can easily see in, is a concern.[citation needed]
Behind the leisure centre is the new Health Centre, relocated in September 2005 from its original smaller site, which is being redeveloped into houses and apartments.
In 2006/2007 the Darwen Town Centre Masterplan was announced. It included traffic improvements, public transport improvements and new street furniture. As the A666 enters the centre, it originally split into a one-way system. However, at peak times traffic was heavy, and pollution was a worry. The Masterplan scrapped the one-way system and the original A666 one-way system towards Bolton was closed to all traffic except buses. Pavements were widened, and new street furniture and bus stops added. Cobbled roads were introduced here and the original bus station in front of the Market was made smaller to make a larger area for events and pedestrians. The A666 was redirected along the previous one-way system to Blackburn to make a two-way road. However, at one point a small one-way system occurs as the road was not wide enough for two-way traffic. The A666 now passes both ways in front of the new leisure centre. This was given the go-ahead and implemented in the following years.
Another part of the masterplan was to demolish the three-day market and build a new one 200 metres/yards away so that an open day market and events area could be used. However, no more information has been announced on this.
The most controversial recent project was the new £49m Darwen Academy, built in the Redearth Triangle on the outskirts of the town centre across from Sainsbury's. The plans of the Darwen Aldridge Community Academy were first shown over five years ago, and since then the residents of Redearth Triangle fought a legal battle to stay in their homes. The battle went on for almost a year and ended up in the High Court. However, residents lost the battle and ended up moving to other accommodation. Demolition began late 2007 and building work took place soon after. Darwen Aldridge Community Academy was officially opened in 2011 by Prince William and Kate Middleton only a month before their wedding. The Academy and sixth form have both made record breaking GCSE and A-Level results in 2011. Labour leader Ed Miliband also visited the school in 2011.
Culture and Community[link]
The Darwen News published a Maudley Medley on 9 March 1878 which still resigns in popularity today:
-
-
- 'Tween two hillsides, both bleak and barren,"
-
-
-
- Lies lovely little "Dirty Darren" [16]
-
In Lancashire dialect, the name Darwen is pronounced Darren, and the locals refer to themselves as Darreners. They are generally resistant to any attempts at submerging the identity of the town within Blackburn.[25] A motorway service area at junction 4 of the M65 motorway lies within the town, and was originally named "Blackburn Services". Following local protests[26] it has been renamed "Blackburn with Darwen Services".
The town is the home of the Darwen Library Theatre (an extension to the library), and the TV show Hetty Wainthropp Investigates. Darwen has a few footnotes in entertainment history: its theatre (now demolished) had appearances by Charlie Chaplin, and it featured in a film by Norman Wisdom. George Formby's wife was from Darwen.[citation needed]
The Beatles played in Darwen on Friday 25 January 1963, at the Co-operative Hall. They headlined the "The Greatest Teenage Dance" which was commissioned by the Darwen Baptist Youth Club. Support acts included The Electones, The Mike Taylor Combo and The Mustangs with Ricky Day.
Music[link]
Darwen Live (formerly Darwen Music Live) is a free two-day music festival held each year over the second bank holiday in May. The main stage is built outside the town hall, and other smaller music stages are usually based around the town in pubs and bars. The festival has attracted artists such as The Buzzcocks and China Crisis, as well as being a showcase for local bands.[27]
Darwen has a brass band, named 'Darwen Brass'.[28] The band, under MD Steve Hartley, won four consecutive first place prizes in NWCBBA (North West Counties Brass Band Association) contests in the 2009/10 season.[29] The contest successes were in Fleetwood, St. Helens, Preston and Tameside (competing within the 4th section). Following this success, the band was promoted to the 3rd section for the 2010/11 season and finished third at the Fleetwood contest.[citation needed]
The town's local radio station is 107 The Bee, based in Dalton Court just off the motorway services. 107 The Bee broadcasts to Blackburn with Darwen, Hyndburn and the Ribble Valley.
Sports[link]
The town was the home of Darwen Football Club, formed in 1870 and the first English football club to have paid professional players.[30] The team reached the semi-final of the FA Cup in 1880-81 and played in the Football League between 1891 and 1899. The club was wound up at the end of the 2008-09 season and replaced almost immediately by A.F.C. Darwen. The new club plays in Division One of the North West Counties Football League and is based at the Anchor Ground. Darwen also has a cricket club, Darwen Cricket Club, currently based at Birch Hall Cricket Ground. The club plays in the Northern Premier Cricket League.
To the north-west of the town lies Darwen Golf Club. The characteristics of the course have changed little since the club was established in 1893. Due to its geographical location within the moors, the course is regarded as a tough test of golfing ability. From its peak viewpoint the course has panoramic views of the surrounding area as far out as Blackpool and cascades down into the shadow of Darwen Tower.[31]
Until the Sports Centre was demolished, Darwen was home to the North West Open Karate tournament, which hosted many national and world champions. Tower Shukokai Karate Club[32] was resident at the sports centre from 1988 and remains active. Tower's instructors, Andy Allwood, 5th Dan, and Martyn Skipper 4th Dan, both won this tournament in their respective weight categories (Allwood, heavyweight, in the 1990s and Skipper, lightweight, in 2006 after the tournament had relocated to Bury).[citation needed]
Notable people[link]
- Margaret Chapman (née Duxbury), illustrator and painter
- Dick Burton, golf's Open champion, 1939 (who went on to hold the Claret Jug for seven years after the Championship was suspended because of World War II)
- Bryn Haworth, British singer-songwriter was brought up in Darwen
- Edward Harwood, composer (1707–1787)
- John Harwood, Mayor of Accrington 1912–1915, raised the Accrington Pals (11 Battalion East Lancashire Regiment)
- Charles Potter, who printed wallpaper in Darwen, was a cousin of Edmund Potter, grandfather of Beatrix Potter
- Neil Arthur, lead vocalist of 1980s group Blancmange[33]
- Sam Wadsworth, England international footballer 1922–1926, was captain of the England team and a member of the Huddersfield Town team which won a hat-trick of Football League Championships in 1923–4, 1924–5 and 1925–6.
- James Watson, award-winning author
- Mick Livesey, greyhound racing columnist for Racing Post, appears on RPGTV, and was captain of the Greyhound Premier League 2011/12 Champions "Dunham Devils".[citation needed]
- Mark Patterson, Former professional Footballer.
Photo gallery[link]
-
Darwen countryside
-
Darwen countryside
-
Tower View from Weasel Lane
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas, Office for National Statistics
- ^ Mills, A.D. (1991). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869156-4.
- ^ "Ashleigh Barrow". The Modern Antiquarian. http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/3014. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ "Bury Fold". Heritage Gateway. http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1072437&resourceID=5. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ "Darwen: Historic Town Assessment Report". Lancashire Historic Town Survey Programme. Lancashire County Council. May 2005. http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/environment/documents/historictowns/DarwenComplete_LowRes.pdf.
- ^ "Gable End Cottage, Whitehall, Whitehall Cottages". Heritage Gateway. http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1072410&resourceID=5. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ French, Gilbert James (1859). The life and times of Samuel Crompton, inventor of the spinning machine known as the mule. London: Simpkin, Marshall. p. 196. OCLC 218459536.
- ^ Hughes, William R: Indomitable Friend, the Life of Corder Catchpool 1883-1952: p.70
- ^ Hughes, William R: Indomitable Friend, the Life of Corder Catchpool 1883-1952; p.60
- ^ A brief history of Walpamur paint.
- ^ "Darwen MB: Total Population". Visionofbritain.org.uk. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10109437&c_id=10001043&add=N. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ "Darwen town council election results 2009". Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council. 2009. http://www.blackburn.gov.uk/server.php?show=nav.2967. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ Civic Heraldry of the United Kingdom: Darwen, Heraldry of the World.
- ^ Guinness Book of Records.[year needed][page needed]
- ^ "Darwen Tower dome lifted into place by helicopter". BBC News. 13 January 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-16551591.
- ^ a b c d Groom, Graham (1993). Arsque Labore Nihil. Historical and Contemporary Jottings on Darwen 1889-1993. Darwen: Little Darren Books. OCLC 29389745.
- ^ "Council Meetings". Darwen Town Council. http://www.darwentowncouncil.org.uk/meetings.html. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ "Darwen town hall shopping up and running". Lancashire Telegraph (Newsquest Media Group). 2011-07-29. http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/darwen/9169048.Darwen_town_hall_shopping_up_and_running/. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ "Darwen – Town Centre Trail". Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council. http://www.cottontown.org/HeritageTrail/darwenTownTrail.html. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ "Worries raised over Darwen Town Hall". Lancashire Telegraph (Newsquest Media Group). 2011-07-27. http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/darwen/9163461.Worries_raised_over_Darwen_Town_Hall/. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ Watkinson, David (18 July 2008). "Major blow for bus lane". Lancashire Telegraph (Blackburn): p. 5.
- ^ "Lancashire councils budgeting for spending cuts". BBC News. 16 June 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/lancashire/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8741000/8741740.stm. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ Hopper, Chris (19 December 2010). "Parts of East Lancashire bus lane scheme to be revived". Lancashire Telegraph (Blackburn). http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/news/8746986.East_Lancs_bus_scheme_could_be_back_on/. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "More paste, less heed!". Lancashire Telegraph (Blackburn). 22 March 2005. http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/archive/2005/03/22/Lancashire+Archive/5789832.More_paste__less_heed_/. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ ""''Hands off our name''", say Darreners". Lancashire Telegraph (Blackburn). 27 May 2004. http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/archive/2004/05/27/Lancashire+Archive/5838873.Hands_off_our_name__say_Darreners/. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "MP steps up M65 name campaign". Lancashire Telegraph (Blackburn). 3 September 2003. http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/archive/2003/09/03/Lancashire+Archive/5884245.MP_steps_up_M65_name_campaign/. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "Darwen Live 2008". Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council. 25 May 2008. http://www.blackburn.gov.uk/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.37946. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ Darwen Brass.
- ^ "Darwen Brass". Brass Band Results. 2011. http://brassbandresults.co.uk/bands/darwen-brass/.
- ^ "Darwen FC and the first professional footballer". Darwen Online Blog. 5 January 2009. http://www.darwenonline.com/2009/01/darwen-fc-and-first-professional.html. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ Darwen Golf Club website.
- ^ Tower Shukokai Karate Club.
- ^ "My mate's got me a flash new Merc". Lancashire Evening Telegraph (Blackburn). 10 September 2001. http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/archive/2001/09/10/Lancashire+Archive/6010403.My_mate_s_got_me_a_flash_new_Merc/. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Darwen
Related pages:
http://nl.wn.com/Darwen
http://de.wn.com/Darwen
http://it.wn.com/Darwen
http://es.wn.com/Darwen
http://pl.wn.com/Darwen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwen
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Martin Graham Stephenson | |||
| Born | (1949-03-25) 25 March 1949 (age 63) Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England |
|||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm off break | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1972–1993 | Cambridgeshire | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | List A | |||
| Matches | 7 | |||
| Runs scored | 15 | |||
| Batting average | 5.00 | |||
| 100s/50s | –/– | |||
| Top score | 8* | |||
| Balls bowled | 334 | |||
| Wickets | 3 | |||
| Bowling average | 72.00 | |||
| 5 wickets in innings | – | |||
| 10 wickets in match | – | |||
| Best bowling | 1/42 | |||
| Catches/stumpings | 4/– | |||
| Source: Cricinfo, 26 January 2011 | ||||
Martin Graham Stephenson (born 25 March 1949) is a former English cricketer. Stephenson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire.
Stephenson made his debut for Cambridgeshire in the 1972 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. This marked the beginning of a 21-year career with the county, in which he played 107 Minor Counties Championship matches[1] and following its introduction in 1983, nineteen MCCA Knockout Trophy matches, the last of which came against Bedfordshire in 1993.[2]
It was in the 1972 Gillette Cup that he made his debut in List A cricket for the county against Buckinghamshire. From 1972 to 1992, he represented Cambridgeshire in 7 List A matches, the last of which came against Northamptonshire in the 1992 NatWest Trophy.[3] In his twenty year List A spell, he scored 15 runs at a batting average of 5.00, with a high score of 8*.[4] With the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 72.00, with best figures of 1/42.[5]
Stephenson currently serves on the Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club Committee.[6]
References[link]
- ^ Minor Counties Championship Matches played by Martin Stephenson
- ^ Minor Counties Trophy Matches played by Martin Stephenson
- ^ List A Matches played by Martin Stephenson
- ^ List A Batting and Fielding For Each Team by Martin Stephenson
- ^ List A Bowling For Each Team by Martin Stephenson
- ^ Cambridgeshire CCC Club Officials
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Stephenson, Martin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | English cricketer |
| Date of birth | 25 March 1949 |
| Place of birth | Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Martin_Stephenson
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Stephenson
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Doreen Elizabeth Massey, Baroness Massey of Darwen (born 5 September 1938) is a Labour member of the House of Lords.
A former teacher and education advisor, she was the Director of the Family Planning Association from 1989 to 1994. She was made a Life Peer as Baroness Massey of Darwen, of Darwen in the County of Lancashire in 1999 and worked in the House of Lords as member of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Integrated and Complementary Healthcare (http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmparty/060512/memi272.htm)
She is an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society, and secretary of the All Party Parliamentary Humanist Group.[1]
On 15 September 2010, Massey, along with 54 other public figures, signed an open letter published in The Guardian, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK.[2]
References[link]
- ^ "All Party Parliamentary Humanist Group". British Humanist Association. http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/apphg. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
- ^ "Letters: Harsh judgments on the pope and religion". The Guardian (London). 15 September 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/15/harsh-judgments-on-pope-religion. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
External links[link]
- Announcement of her introduction at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 1 November 1999
- Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group for Children
- Vice President, Royal Society for Public Health
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Massey, Doreen Baroness Massey of Darwen |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | British politician |
| Date of birth | 5 September 1938 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| 26px | This article about a British politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Doreen_Massey,_Baroness_Massey_of_Darwen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doreen_Massey,_Baroness_Massey_of_Darwen
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"The Duke of Cambridge" redirects here. For other people known as Duke of Cambridge, see Duke of Cambridge.
"Prince William" redirects here. For other uses, see Prince William (disambiguation).
| Prince William | |
|---|---|
| Duke of Cambridge (more) | |
 |
|
| Prince William in his flight lieutenant's uniform on 12 June 2010 | |
| Spouse | Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (m. 2011) |
| Full name | |
| William Arthur Philip Louis[fn 1] | |
| House | House of Windsor |
| Father | Charles, Prince of Wales |
| Mother | Diana, Princess of Wales |
| Born | (1982-06-21) 21 June 1982 (age 30) |
| Religion | Church of England |
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge KG KT (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982), is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and third eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[2] He is second in the line of succession, behind his father, to the thrones of sixteen independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
He was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and obtained a degree from the University of St Andrews. He spent parts of a gap year in Chile, Belize, and countries in Africa, most notably Kenya where he has lived and holidayed several times. Prince William has also taken Kiswahili studies at universities in Kenya and Tanzania. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Blues and Royals regiment of the Household Cavalry—serving with his brother Prince Harry—and, two years later, earned his wings by completing pilot training at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. In 2009, the Prince transferred to the Royal Air Force, was promoted to flight lieutenant and underwent helicopter flying training in order to become a full time pilot with the Search and Rescue Force. In Autumn 2010, he completed his general and special-to-type helicopter training and went on to RAF Valley on No. 22 Squadron performing co-pilot duties on board a Sea King search and rescue helicopter. Prince William married his longtime girlfriend, Catherine Middleton, on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey.[3] Hours prior to his wedding, Prince William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus.[4][5][6]
During February and March 2012, Prince William served a six-week rotation as a search-and-rescue pilot in the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands and returned to the UK on March 21, 2012.[7]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Prince William was born at St Mary's Hospital, London on 21 June 1982. He was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 4 August 1982 (the 82nd birthday of his paternal great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother) by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. William's godparents are the former King Constantine II of Greece (his paternal cousin); Princess Alexandra, The Hon Mrs Angus Ogilvy (his paternal cousin); the Duchess of Westminster; the Lady Susan Hussey; Lord Romsey (his paternal cousin); and Sir Laurens van der Post.[8] He was named after Prince William of Gloucester, his father's 7-years older cousin and personal hero, who died in 1972 in an aeroplane crash.[9]
As a male-line grandchild of the Sovereign and son of the Prince of Wales, William was styled 'His Royal Highness' 'Prince William of Wales', though he was affectionately called 'Wombat' by his parents[10] or 'Wills' (the latter a name coined by the press by which he is still known by the general public).[11] It was reported that, at age seven, the Prince said to his mother that he desired to be a police officer when he was older, so that he might be able to protect her; a statement to which his brother responded: "Oh, no you can't. You've got to be King."[12] William's first public appearance was on 1 March 1991 (Saint David's Day), during an official visit of his parents to Cardiff, Wales. After arriving by aeroplane, the Prince was taken to Llandaff Cathedral, where he signed the visitors' book, thereby demonstrating that he was left-handed. On 3 June 1991, William was admitted to Royal Berkshire Hospital after having been accidentally hit on the side of the forehead by a fellow student wielding a golf club. The Prince did not lose consciousness, but did suffer a depressed fracture of the skull and was operated on at the Great Ormond Street Hospital, resulting in a permanent scar.[13] He dubbed this scar a "Harry Potter scar". He was reported to have said, "I call it (the scar) that because it glows sometimes and some people notice it-other times they don't notice it at all.[14]
William's mother desired her two sons should have wider experiences than are usual for royal children. Diana took William and his brother to Walt Disney World and McDonald's; in addition they visited AIDS clinics and shelters for the homeless. She also bought them things typical teenagers used, such as video games.[15] Diana, Princess of Wales, who was by then divorced from the Prince of Wales, died in a car accident in 1997. William, along with his brother and father, was staying at Balmoral Castle at the time, and the Prince of Wales waited until early the following morning to tell his sons about their mother's death.[16] At his mother's funeral, William accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, and maternal uncle in walking behind the funeral cortège from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Abbey.
Education[link]
William was educated at independent schools, starting at Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London.[17] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School near Wokingham, Berkshire, and was privately tutored during summers by Rory Stewart.[18] At Ludgrove he also participated in football—along with swimming, basketball, clay pigeon shooting, and cross-country running. William sat for the entrance exam to Eton College and was admitted. There he studied geography, biology and history of art at A-Level, obtaining an A in geography, a C in biology and a B in history of art.[19][20] At Eton he continued to play football, captaining his house team, and took up water polo.[21] The decision to place William in Eton went against the family tradition of sending royal children to Gordonstoun (William's grandfather, father, two uncles, and two cousins all attended); it did, however, make the Prince follow in the Spencer family footsteps, as both Diana's father and brother had attended Eton.[15] It was also agreed between the Royal Family and the tabloid press that William would be allowed to study free of paparazzi intrusion in exchange for regular updates of the Prince's life. Then chairman of the Press Complaints Commission, John Wakeham, said of the arrangement: "Prince William is not an institution; nor a soap star; nor a football hero. He is a boy: in the next few years, perhaps the most important and sometimes painful part of his life, he will grow up and become a man."[15]
After completing his studies at Eton, the Prince took a gap year, during which he took part in British Army training exercises in Belize,[22] worked within English dairy farms, visited Africa,[23] and for ten weeks taught children in southern Chile. As part of the Raleigh International programme in the town of Tortel, the Prince lived with other young teachers, sharing in the common household chores, including cleaning the toilet, and also volunteered as the guest radio jockey for the local radio station.[22]
By 2001, William was back in the United Kingdom and had enrolled, under the name William Wales,[24][25] at the University of St Andrews. News of this caused a temporary increase in the number of applications to St Andrews, mostly from young women who wanted an opportunity to meet the Prince.[26] The extra attention did not deter him, though, and he embarked on a degree course in art history, later changing his main subject to geography, and going on to earn a Scottish Master of Arts degree with upper second class honours in geography—the best degree of any heir to the throne of Britain and the Commonwealth realms. While at university, Prince William also represented the Scottish national universities water polo team at the Celtic Nations tournament in 2004.[21] He was known as “Steve” by other students to avoid any journalists overhearing and realising his identity.[11]
The Prince returned to St Andrews during February 2011 as Patron of the university's 600th Anniversary Appeal.[27]
Royal duties and career[link]
William began to accompany his parents on official visits at an early age; his first overseas royal tour was with his parents to Australia and New Zealand in 1983,[28] a decision made by the Princess of Wales that was considered to be unconventional; not only was William so young, but both the first and second in line for the throne would be travelling together.[15] However, he accompanied either both parents or his father on subsequent tours, and, upon graduation from university, began to undertake duties of his own, as well as obtaining experience in the private workforce when he worked with land management at Chatsworth House and interned at HSBC.[15]
Military career[link]
Having decided to follow a military career, in October 2005 William attended the four day Regular Commissions Board at Westbury in Wiltshire where he underwent selection to judge his suitability to become an Army officer. Having passed selection, William went up to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in January 2006.[29] Successfully completing the course, William graduated from Sandhurst on 15 December 2006, the graduation parade being attended by the Queen and the Prince of Wales, along with other members of the Royal Family, and William officially received his commission as a lieutenant at midnight. With his rank obtained, the Prince, under the name of William Wales, followed his younger brother[30] into the Blues and Royals as a troop commander in an armoured reconnaissance unit, after which he spent four months in training for the post at Bovington Camp, Dorset.
Once officially enrolled and commissioned in the Armed Forces, William expressed a desire to participate in active service; in this there was a recent precedent of the service of his great-great-uncle Edward VIII who, as Prince of Wales, served in France during the First World War; his great-grandfather George VI who also served during World War I (with the Navy at the Battle of Jutland and in France with the Air Force); and his paternal grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who served with distinction during World War II. More recently, his uncle Prince Andrew, Duke of York served in the Falklands war.
Though Major-General Sebastian Roberts, general officer commanding the Household Division, had said William being deployed was possible, the Prince's position as second in line to the throne, and the convention of ministers advising against the person in that position being put into dangerous situations, cast doubts on William's ability to see combat. These doubts increased after Prince Harry's deployment was cancelled in 2007, due to "specific threats". William, instead, went on to training in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, obtaining his commission as a sub-lieutenant in the former and flying officer in the latter (both broadly equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Army). With this complete, the Prince undertook an attachment with the Air Force, undergoing an intensive four-month training course at RAF Cranwell.[31][32] Upon completing the course on 11 April 2008, he was presented with his RAF wings by his father,[33] who had himself received his wings after training at the same college.[34] It was later revealed that it had been during this secondment that Prince William had helped to man a C-17 Globemaster to Afghanistan, during which he assisted in the repatriation of the body of Trooper Robert Pearson.[35] The Prince had been affectionately known by his fellow airmen, and his callsign was designated, as Billy the Fish, a pun on his title.[36]
William then moved to train with the Navy for two months, from June to August 2008, during which time he spent three weeks at the Britannia Royal Naval College, training on units of the surface fleet, and submarines, as well as with the Fleet Air Arm and Royal Marines, before deploying for a further five weeks on HMS Iron Duke in the Caribbean.[37] It was during this tour that the Prince took part in a secret underwater mission,[38] as well as helping to identify and capture a small vessel that had been transporting an approximate £40 million worth of cocaine,[39][40] and taking part in other raids.[41]
Owing to William's future role, a long term career in the military was considered out of the question; due to his position, his desire to see active service was always unlikely to be granted. William originally joined the military on a short-service commission lasting three years. However, it was announced in September 2008 that the Prince would be extending his time in the forces, first by taking on another secondment in the autumn of 2008 (including working at the MOD and non-operational flying with the Army Air Corps).[42] Then it was announced that he would transfer from the Army to the RAF in order to train as a full time search and rescue helicopter pilot;[43] this role enables him to take an active role as a member of the armed forces without him being deployed on combat operations.
In January 2009, William transferred his commission to the RAF and was promoted to Flight Lieutenant. He trained to become a helicopter pilot with the RAF's Search and Rescue Force. In January 2010, he graduated from the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, where he had been under the instruction of Squadron Leader Craig Finch.[44] On 26 January 2010 he transferred to the Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley on Anglesey to receive training on the Sea King search and rescue helicopter and graduated from this course 17 September 2010.[45]
It was announced on 15 April 2010 that William will remain at RAF Valley for his operational tour, being assigned to No. 22 Squadron and initially performing co-pilot duties.[46] It is expected that William's operational tour will last 30 to 36 months.[47]
William participated in his first rescue mission (as co-pilot of an RAF Sea King Helicopter) and responded on Saturday, 2 October 2010, to an emergency call from the Liverpool Coastguard. The prince, who was excited to finally take part in an active mission, and the other three members of the crew flew from their base at RAF Valley in Anglesey, North Wales, to an offshore gas rig in Morecambe Bay, northwest England. William and three other crew members picked up a man who had suffered an apparent heart attack on the rig and airlifted him to a local hospital.[48]
William deployed to the Falkland Islands for a six week tour with No. 1564 Flight, beginning in February and ending in March 2012.[49][50] The deployment of the Duke to the Falklands close to the 30th anniversary of the beginning of the conflict (2 April 1982) was condemned by Argentina as a "provocative act",[51][52] despite the fact that the RAF regularly deploys flight crews on six week tours to the Falklands.[53]
In November 2011, Prince William participated in a search and rescue mission involving a sinking cargo ship in the Irish Sea. William, the co-pilot, helped rescue two sailors, who were then transported to a hospital in Bangor.[54]
In February 2012, the Duke indicated that, rather than leave the service at the end of his commission in 2013, as had been expected, he would instead remain with the RAF for a further three year commission up to at least 2016, which is when the RAF Search and Rescue Force is due to be disbanded and replaced by a private contractor.[55]
Royal duties[link]
At the age of 21, Prince William was appointed as a Counsellor of State, and began his royal duties by first serving in that capacity when the Queen was abroad to attend the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2003, in Nigeria. For his 21st birthday, William also accompanied his father on a royal tour of Wales, where they visited the Anglesey Food Fair and opened a centre for the homeless in Newport.[56] By July 2005, he was on his first solo overseas tour, travelling to New Zealand, on behalf of his grandmother in her role as Queen of New Zealand, to participate in World War II commemorations. For the 30th anniversary of his father's charity, The Prince's Trust, William and his brother were interviewed together for the first time by Ant & Dec.[56] In July 2007, Prince William accompanied his grandmother's cousin The Duke of Kent, who is President of the UK Scout Association, in opening the 21st World Scout Jamboree, celebrating the centennial of the founding of the Scout Movement.
It was said in Tina Brown's 2007 biography of Diana, Princess of Wales, that Prince William had, like his father, expressed a desire to become Governor-General of Australia,[57] though fulfilment of the idea was considered doubtful by then-Prime Minister of Australia John Howard, who said: "We have for a long time embraced the idea that the person who occupies that post should be in every way an Australian citizen."[58]
In 2009, a private office was set up for William by his grandmother, with Sir David Manning being appointed as his adviser.[59] Speculation in late 2009 that William would be taking over increasing numbers of the Queen's ceremonial and state duties has been denied by the Palace.[60]
Manning personally accompanied him in January 2010 as he toured Auckland and Wellington on behalf of the Queen; William opened the new building of the Supreme Court of New Zealand and was welcomed by a Māori chief.[61]
In March 2011, William visited Christchurch, New Zealand, after the recent earthquake,[62] and there addressed the memorial service at Hagley Park, on behalf of his grandmother.[63][64] Upon leaving New Zealand, William travelled to Australia, where he made a visit to areas badly affected by flooding in the states of Queensland and Victoria.[65][66] After twice accompanying his parents to Canada, the Prince, with his wife, toured the country and visited the United States in June and July 2011, attending Canada Day celebrations on Parliament Hill.[67][68] On 2 November, The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited the UNICEF Supply Division Centre for supplying food to malnourished African children in Copenhagen, Denmark.[69][70]
Personal interests[link]
Following his parents' examples, William took interest in various causes from a relatively early age. The late Princess of Wales' work with HIV/AIDS aid and prevention, and the Prince of Wales' work with the natural environment and the inner-city disadvantaged, directed William into those areas. He also showed a desire to focus on the needy in Africa, sometimes working with his brother's charity, Sentebale.
Humanitarian and environmental causes[link]
William became aware of HIV/AIDS in the mid 1990s, when his mother began to take her two sons to visit shelters and clinics for those suffering from the disease. In January 2005, Prince William and his brother volunteered at a British Red Cross aid distribution centre to pack emergency supplies for countries that were affected by the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.[71] Later, in September, William granted his patronage to Centrepoint, a charity that assists the homeless.[72][73] During the period when his mother had been patron of Centrepoint, he had accompanied her on visits to its headquarters and projects.
William also worked in the children's unit at The Royal Marsden Hospital for two days of work experience in 2005, as well as helping out in the medical research, catering, and fund raising departments.[72] The same year, he spent two weeks in North Wales with a mountain rescue team.[71] In May 2007, William became patron of both organisations (his mother had also previously been patron of the Royal Marsden Hospital) and he became attracted to Mountain Rescue England and Wales in order to, in his words, "highlight and celebrate the vital, selfless and courageous work of our mountain rescue organisations".[72]
The Prince also became a patron of the Tusk Trust in December 2005,[72] a charity that works towards conserving wildlife and initiating community development, including providing education, across Africa.[74] William became associated with the organisation after he witnessed its work first hand when he was in Africa. Saying "rural African initiatives that foster education, responsibility and participation in the local community light the way to conservation",[75] he carried out his first official duty with the trust in launching a 5,000-mile (8,000 km) bike ride across the African continent in 2007. In 2010, the Prince became a patron of 100 Women in Hedge Funds Philanthropic Initiatives[76]
In March 2011, William and Catherine have set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well-wishers who want to give them a wedding gift to donate money to charities they care about instead.[77] The gift fund supported 26 charities of the couple’s choice, incorporating the armed forces, children, the elderly, art, sport and conservation. These causes are close to their hearts and reflect the experiences, passions and values of their lives so far.[78][79][80][81][82]
Sports[link]
William plays polo for charitable causes and is a fan of football, supporting Aston Villa F.C.[72] In May 2006, he became President of England's Football Association and vice royal patron of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) in February 2007 (supporting the Queen as patron of the WRU).[72] The same year, the WRU's decision to name a new cup for test matches between Wales and South Africa the Prince William Cup caused controversy, with some believing it would have been more fitting to name the trophy after Ray Gravell.[83][84][85]
In 2006, the Prince, along with other Sandhurst officers, took part in running one mile to support the charity Sport Relief, as he had done in 2004 with a team from Clarence House. In May 2007, William became patron of the English Schools' Swimming Association.[72]
William is a noted follower of various packs of foxhounds throughout England and Wales, including the Duke of Beaufort's Hunt, with his father and brother since he was a very young child.
The Prince and his brother are both enthusiastic motorcyclists, with the Prince owning a Ducati 1198 S Corse.[86]
Relationship with Catherine Middleton[link]
During his years at university, William participated in university life; of himself he said: "I'm not a party animal, despite what some people might think."[15] Like his father before him, William's private life became the subject of tabloid speculation, especially around his relationship with Catherine Middleton, who had been one of William's university flatmates and whom William began dating in 2003. Middleton attended the Prince's passing-out parade at Sandhurst, marking the first high-profile event that she attended as William's guest. The relationship between Prince William and Middleton was followed so closely that bookmakers took bets on the possibility of a Royal Wedding and the retail chain Woolworths produced memorabilia bearing the likenesses of the couple.[87]
Media attention became so intense that William had to make a specific request to the paparazzi that they keep their distance from Middleton and himself. In March 2007, Middleton complained of media harassment by the Daily Mirror.[87] It was reported in April 2007 that the couple had split,[87][88] though in June, Middleton attended a party at Lulworth Army Barracks as the guest of Prince William,[89] and in July the Concert for Diana, which had been organised by Princes William and Harry.[90] In August, she accompanied William on holiday in the island of Des Roches in the Seychelles, and in October she joined Prince Charles and Prince Harry for a shooting party at Balmoral. In June 2008, along with the Royal Family, Middleton attended William's investiture into the Order of the Garter.
Middleton was formally introduced to public life by William on 24 February 2011 when she and William attended a lifeboat naming ceremony in Trearddur, North Wales.[91]
Engagement and wedding[link]
Main article: Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
On 16 November 2010 it was announced by Clarence House that William and Kate were to marry. The engagement ring given to Middleton was the 18 carat sapphire engagement ring of Diana, Princess of Wales. Clarence House, the official residence of Charles and his sons William and Harry, announced on the same day that the couple became engaged in Kenya in October, as Prince William confirmed in a widely circulated television interview beamed from London.[92]
The wedding took place on 29 April 2011 in Westminster Abbey, London.[3] The day was made a bank holiday in the UK.[93] Estimates of the global audience for the wedding range from 300 million to two billion people, whilst 24.5 million watched the event live in the United Kingdom.[94][95]
A few hours before the wedding, it was announced that William had become Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus,[4][5][6] as is customary for princes on the occasion of their weddings.[96] However, such title did not become official until 26 May 2011 when Letters Patent to that effect were signed and recorded in the Crown Office on the Roll of the Peerage.[97]
Titles, styles, honours and arms[link]
Titles and styles[link]
| Royal styles of The Duke of Cambridge |
|
|---|---|
| 50px | |
| Reference style | His Royal Highness |
| Spoken style | Your Royal Highness |
| Alternative style | Sir |
- 21 June 1982 – 29 April 2011: His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales
- 29 April 2011 – present: His Royal Highness The Duke of Cambridge
- in Scotland: 29 April 2011 – present: His Royal Highness Prince William, Earl of Strathearn[98]
The Prince's style and title in full is His Royal Highness Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus, Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter,[99] Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle.[98] As a British prince, William does not use a surname for everyday purposes. For formal and ceremonial purposes, the children of Princes of Wales, like the children of Royal Dukes, use the title of Prince or Princess before their Christian name and their father's territorial designation after it. So Prince William was "Prince William of Wales". Such area-based surnames are discarded by women when they marry and by men if they are given a peerage of their own,[100] such as when Prince William was given his dukedom.
For the male-line grandchildren of Elizabeth II, however, there is currently some uncertainty over the correct form of family surname to use, or whether there even is a surname. The Queen has stipulated all her male-line descendants who do not bear the titular dignity of prince shall use Mountbatten-Windsor as their family surname (although Letters Patent exist stipulating the name Windsor, but with the same caveat). According to their flight suits as seen in television interviews (before Prince William's creation as Duke of Cambridge), Princes William and Harry use Wales as their surname for military purposes.
On the morning of his wedding, the Queen conferred the titles Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus upon William.[4]
William succeeded Lord Attenborough in 2010 as the fifth President of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.[101]
Military ranks[link]
January 2006 – 16 December 2006: Officer Cadet- 16 December 2006 – 16 December 2006: Cornet (Second Lieutenant), The Blues and Royals (short service commission)[102]
- 16 December 2006 – 1 January 2009 : Lieutenant, The Blues and Royals[102]
1 January 2008 – 1 January 2009: Flying Officer, Royal Air Force[103]
1 January 2008 – 1 January 2009 : Sub-Lieutenant, Royal Navy[104]- Since 1 January 2009: Lieutenant, Royal Navy[105]
- Since 1 January 2009: Captain, The Blues and Royals (and transferred to a full regular commission)[106]
- Since 1 January 2009: Flight Lieutenant, Royal Air Force[107]
Honours[link]
See also List of honours of the British Royal Family by country
- Appointments
Since 23 April 2008: Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)[108]
Since 6 July 2009: Member of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple- Since 6 July 2009: Bencher of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple
- Since 23 June 2010: Royal Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)[109]
Since 25 May 2012: Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (KT)[110]
Prince William, upon his appointment to the order, became the 1,000th member of the register of the Order of the Garter;[111] he was officially invested by the Queen into the order on 16 June 2008, at a service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle.[112] The last time a monarch had appointed a grandchild into the Order of the Garter was in 1894, when Queen Victoria invested Prince Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
- Medals
6 February 2002: Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal- 6 February 2012: Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
- Foreign honours
6 July 2008: Joint Service Achievement Medal[113]
Honorary military appointments[link]
Canada
10 November 2009: Canadian Ranger[114]
- United Kingdom
- Since 8 August 2006: Commodore-in-Chief of HMNB Clyde
- Since 8 August 2006: Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Navy Submarine Service
- Since 8 August 2006: Commodore-in-Chief of Scotland[115]
- Since 3 October 2008: Honorary Air Commandant of RAF Coningsby[116]
- Since 10 February 2011: Colonel of the Irish Guards[117]
Honorific eponyms[link]
- Awards
Ontario: Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Award, University of Waterloo, Waterloo[118][119]
Arms[link]
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
Personal standard for Canada[link]
Main article: The Duke of Cambridge's Personal Canadian Flag
The Duke of Cambridge also holds a personal royal standard for Canada, consisting of the shield of the Canadian Royal Arms defaced with both a blue roundel surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves and shells, within which is a depiction William's cypher (a W surmounted by a coronet), and a white label of three points, charged with a red shell.[121]
Ancestry[link]
William is a male line descendant of Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg, and as such a member of the House of Oldenburg, one of Europe's oldest royal houses, and more specifically the cadet branch known as the House of Glücksburg, founded by his paternal ancestor Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. William belongs to the Royal Family of Windsor. His male line ancestors include five kings—Christian I of Denmark, Frederick I of Denmark, Christian III of Denmark, Christian IX of Denmark and George I of Greece—and also 11 counts of Oldenburg, two dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, five dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and one duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.[122]
William is also a descendant of William the Conqueror, who was crowned the first Norman King of England in 1066.[123]
Among his other recent, cognatic ancestors on his father's side are notably members of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the House of Battenberg, the main line of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, the House of Hesse-Kassel and the House of Hohenzollern.[122] Among his distant cognatic ancestors are also Henry IV and James II and VII. Should he become king, William would be the first monarch since Queen Anne to be descended from Charles I, and the first to descend from Charles II, as his mother was descended from two of Charles's II illegitimate sons, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, and Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond. Through his father's royal family, William is of German,[122] English and Scottish descent, and through his mother's family, the noble Spencer family, the Earl Spencer and the Baron Fermoy families, William is of English descent and of remote Irish, Scottish and British-American descent.[124]
He is also descended from many of the pre-Union monarchs of Scotland and the pre-Conquest monarchs of England, and many notable foreign monarchs including, Peter I of Russia ("Peter the Great"), Catherine II of Russia ("Catherine the Great"), Nicholas I of Russia, Afonso I of Portugal, Andrew II of Hungary, Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Isabella I of Castile. From the House of Stuart, by side of his mother, Prince William is a descendant of the House of Bourbon from the line Henry IV of France and of the House of Medici from the line of Marie de' Medici. He is also a descendant of powerful Italian noble families such as that of the House of Sforza who ruled as the Dukes of Milan from the line of the legendary Caterina Sforza, Countess of Forlì.
See also[link]
- Royal William, a German red rose named after Prince William shortly after his birth
Notes[link]
- ^ As a member of the Royal Family entitled to be called His Royal Highness, William formally has no surname. When one is used, it is Mountbatten-Windsor. In his military career, William uses the surname Wales.[1] According to letters patent of February 1960, his house and family name is Windsor. The middle name Louis is pronounced /ˈluː.i/.
References[link]
- ^ Duke of Cambridge to deploy to Falklands, Ministry of Defence, 10 November 2011, http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/PeopleInDefence/DukeOfCambridgeToDeployToFalklands.htm, retrieved 11 November 2011
- ^ "The Prince of Wales". The official website of the British Monarchy. http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/ThePrinceofWales/ThePrinceofWales.aspx. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Crowds cheer newly-wed couple". BBC News. 29 April. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13229961. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b c "Titles announced for Prince William and Catherine Middleton". Buckingham Palace. 29 April 2011. http://www.officialroyalwedding2011.org/blog/2011/April/29/Titles-announced-for-Prince-William-and-Catherine-Middleton. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Kate and William become Duke and Duchess of Cambridge". BBC News. 29 April. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13236409. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b Beckford, Martin (29 April 2011). "Prince William and Kate Middleton's new titles revealed". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8482573/Prince-William-and-Kate-Middletons-new-titles-revealed.html. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Back home to Kate: Prince William enjoys emotional reunion with wife after completing Falklands tour of duty, Daily Mail, 21/03/2012
- ^ "Yvonne's Royalty Home Page – Royal Christenings". Users.uniserve.com. http://users.uniserve.com/~canyon/christenings.htm#Christenings. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ The other Prince William: The uncanny parallels between Wills and the dashing but doomed cousin in whose memory he was named, Daily Mail, 08/11/2011
- ^ Dateline NBC, NBC, 10/6/2007
- ^ a b "The Saint that looked after Wills". "The Sunday Herald". 26 June 2005. http://www.heraldscotland.com.
- ^ "Prince William : People.com". People. http://www.people.com/people/prince_william. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Prince William marks the end of the first term of his third university year with an interview". princeofwales.gov.uk. 14 December 2003. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/prince_william_marks_the_end_of_the_first_term_of_his_third__1470010393.html. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
- ^ Pierce, Andrew (18 March 2009). "Prince William has 'Harry Potter' scar from golf accident". The Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/5011509/Prince-William-has-Harry-Potter-scar-from-golf-accident.html.
- ^ a b c d e f "Prince William Biography : People.com". People. http://www.people.com/people/prince_william/biography. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Timeline: How Diana died". BBC News. 14 December 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/conspiracy_files/6217366.stm. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Growing Up Royal". TIME. 25 April 1988. http://www.time.com/time/daily/special/diana/readingroom/8191/4_25.html. Retrieved 4 June 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Stratton, Allegra (26 October 2009). "Former royal tutor Rory Stewart selected for safe Tory seat". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/oct/26/rory-stewart-penrith-tory-seat.
- ^ "Prince William gives an interview at the start of his university career". 22 September 2001. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/prince_william_gives_an_interview_at_the_start_of_his_univer_422216032.html.
- ^ "What is it like at Eton College?". BBC News Online. 4 July 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/4634031.stm. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
- ^ a b "The Prince of Wales – Interests". Princeofwales.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080616074353/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/princewilliam/interests/. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ a b 11 December 2000 Rugged prince scores PR triumph. British Broadcasting Corporation. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1064991.stm. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ Prince of Wales.gov personalprofiles & royal.gov aspx Retrieved 2012-02-08
- ^ "Welcome to Will's new world". The Observer (UK). 23 September 2001. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/sep/23/education.students. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ Michael Howie (24 June 2005). "William Wales M.A. collects his degree". The Scotsman (Edinburgh). http://news.scotsman.com/latestnews/William-Wales-MA-collects-his.2637753.jp. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales – Prince William gives an interview at the start of his university career". Princeofwales.gov.uk. 22 September 2001. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/prince_william_gives_an_interview_at_the_start_of_his_univer_422216032.html. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ St-Andrews University (charity registered No SC013532) News/archive - Andreea Nemes thesaint-online Retrieved 2012-01-27
- ^ "The Prince of Wales – Countries Visited". Princeofwales.gov.uk. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/atwork/supportingthequeen/countriesvisited/index.html. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ Davies, Caroline (22 October 2005). "Prince William to join his brother at Sandhurst". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1501217/Prince-William-to-join-his-brother-at-Sandhurst.html. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "William joining Harry's regiment". BBC News. 21 September 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5367862.stm. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
- ^ "Prince William ready for Search and Rescue role". meeja.com.au. 16 September 2008. http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=217. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
- ^ Pierce, Andrew (13 January 2009). "Prince William starts as a search and rescue helicopter pilot". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/theroyalfamily/4218703/Prince-William-starts-as-a-search-and-rescue-helicopter-pilot.html. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
- ^ "Kate watches William get his wings – World – smh.com.au". Sydney Morning Herald. 12 April 2008. http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/kate-watches-william-get-his-wings/2008/04/12/1207856847954.html. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Prince William awarded RAF Wings". BBC. 11 April 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7340692.stm. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
- ^ "William visits Afghanistan troops". BBC. 30 April 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7374589.stm. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Billy the Fish". Newsagency.thecheers.org. 28 January 2008. http://newsagency.thecheers.org/Europe/news_9489_Prince-Williams-RAF-nickname---Billy-the-Fish.html. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ "William's Navy posting revealed". BBC Online. 31 May 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7429261.stm. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
- ^ Allen, Nick (20 June 2008). "Prince William in secret submarine mission". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/theroyalfamily/2162027/Prince-William-in-secret-submarine-mission.html. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Prince William helps naval shipmates carry out major drugs raid". Hello!. 3 July 2008. http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2008/07/03/wills-drugs-bust/. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "William's ship seizes drugs haul". BBC. 2 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7485365.stm. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ Browning, Eliza (28 July 2008). "Prince William in Caribbean Drug Bust". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=5461747&page=1. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Prince William: Military Secondments in Autumn, 2008". princeofwales.gov.uk. 31 July 2008. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/prince_william_military_secondments_in_autumn_2008_1233465855.html. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "High-flying Prince William to become pilot in the RAF's search and rescue service". dailymail.co.uk. 2008-09-15. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1055920/High-flying-Prince-William-time-search-rescue-pilot-RAF.html. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ Bonnett, Tom (15 January 2010). "Royal Heir Force: Prince's Career Takes Off". Sky News. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/Prince-William-Graduates-From-Advanced-Helicopter-Training-Prince-Charles-Presents-Certificate/Article/201001315524625?lpos=UK_News_Top_Stories_Header_4&lid=ARTICLE_15524625_Prince_William_Graduates_From_Advanced_Helicopter_Training%2C_Prince_Charles_Presents_Certificate. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
- ^ "Prince William starts RAF rescue training on Anglesey". BBC News. 26 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8480634.stm. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
- ^ Bingham, John (15 April 2010). "Prince William to be posted to RAF base on Anglesey". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/theroyalfamily/7593810/Prince-William-to-be-posted-to-RAF-base-on-Anglesey.html. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Prince William set to join RAF Search and Rescue". RAF. 15 September 2008. http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/archive.cfm?storyid=65D7729A-1143-EC82-2E3FE8BEE1F37F89. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ "First rescue mission". BBC. 5 October 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11478892. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ Press, Associated (11 November 2011). "Prince William to deploy to Falkland Islands". CTV News (London: Bell Media). http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/World/20111110/prince-william-111110/. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ "Prince William arrives in the Falkland Islands". The Guardian. 3 February 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/feb/02/prince-william-falklands-falkland-islands. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ^ "Argentina condemns Prince William Falklands posting". BBC. 11 November 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-15703340. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "Argentina criticises Prince William's tour of duty of Falkland Islands". The Guardian. 1 February 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/feb/01/argentina-prince-william-falklands. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ^ "William to the rescue: Falkland Islanders get first glimpse of the Prince in action as he plays major role in rescue mission". dailymail.co.uk. 2012-02-20. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2103221/William-rescue-Falkland-Islanders-glimpse-Prince-action-plays-major-role-rescue-mission.html. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ Rizzo, Lillian (27 November 2011). "Prince William joins rescue mission of sinking ship near Wales". GlobalPost. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/united-kingdom/111127/prince-william-joins-rescue-mission-sunken-ship-n. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "Prince William to put military service before royal duty". Daily Telegraph. 2012-02-11. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-william/9076450/Prince-William-to-put-military-service-before-royal-duty.html. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ a b "The Prince of Wales: Prince William: Biography: Growing Up". Clarence House. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080615161213/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/princewilliam/biography/growingup/index.html. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
- ^ "Australian leaders dismiss the idea of Prince William as governor-general". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/06/29/asia/AS-GEN-Australia-Britain-Prince-William.php. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "William for GG not on: PM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 June 2007. http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/william-for-gg-not-on-pm/2007/06/29/1182624122159.html. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Mentor helps Kate Middleton prepare for Royal life", Roya Nikkhah. The Telegraph. 10 February 2011. Accessed 27 February 2011
- ^ Owen, Glen (13 December 2009). "Prince William to share Queen's duties: Treasury document reveals secret plan to make him the 'Shadow King'". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1235375/Prince-William-share-Queens-duties-Treasury-document-reveals-secret-plan-make-Shadow-King.html. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
- ^ "Prince William's royal magic captures the crowds". The New Zealand Herald. 18 January 2010. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10620877. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ^ Manhire, Toby (17 March 2011). "Prince William (News),New Zealand (News),Australia (News),Natural disasters and extreme weather (News),Monarchy, World news, UK news". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/mar/17/prince-william-christchurch-earthquake-damage. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ "Nzherald.co.nz". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10713379. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "WILLIAM ENDS 'RAW' DISASTERS TOUR". Daily Express. UK. 21 March 2011. http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/235849/William-ends-raw-disasters-tour. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ Tamara Mclean (19 March 2011). "Prince William heads to Queensland". Stuff.co.nz. http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/australia/4787916/Prince-William-heads-to-Queensland. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Christchurch quake memorial service: As it happened". TVNZ One News. 2011-03-18. http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/christchurch-quake-memorial-service-happened-4071417/video?vid=4071991. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ Campion-Smith, Bruce (16 February 2011), "Royal newlyweds are coming to Canada, but not Toronto", Toronto Star, http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/939727--royal-newlyweds-are-coming-to-canada-but-not-toronto?bn=1, retrieved 16 February 2011
- ^ "Queen calls Canada 'example to the world'". CBC. 1 July 2010. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2010/07/01/canada-day001.html. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ^ "William and Kate visit Unicef famine relief depot in Copenhagen". BBC News. 2 November 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15556875.
- ^ "Photo story: William and Kate visit UNICEF Supply Centre". unicef.org.uk. 2011-11-02. http://www.unicef.org.uk/Latest/Photo-stories/william-kate-east-africa-photos/. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ a b "The Royal Family – HRH The Prince of Wales – Prince William – Charities and Patronages". Buckingham Palace. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. http://replay.web.archive.org/20090204011941/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5999.asp. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g "The Prince of Wales – Prince William – At Work – Charities and Patronages". Clarence House. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/princewilliamprinceharry/princewilliam/atwork/charitiesandpatronages/. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Centrepoint – Our patron". http://www.centrepoint.org.uk/our-patron. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Tusk Trust". Tusk Trust. http://www.tusk.org/index.asp. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Cycle of Life: News". Cycle of Life. 2007. http://www.cycleoflife2008.com/content/pwquote.asp. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Prince William to become Patron of 100 Women in Hedge Funds' philanthropic initiatives". http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/prince_william_to_become_patron_of_100_women_in_hedge_funds__1457625743.html. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund". royalweddingcharityfund.org. http://www.royalweddingcharityfund.org/. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine ask for charity donations in lieu of wedding gifts". telegraph.co.uk. 2011-03-16. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8385866/William-and-Kate-ask-for-charity-donations-in-lieu-of-wedding-gifts.html. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine set up royal wedding charity fund". reuters.com. 2011-03-16. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/16/us-britain-wedding-fund-idUSTRE72F3BK20110316. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine set up royal wedding charity fund". chinadaily.com.cn. 2011-03-16. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-03/16/content_12183222.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine's gift to Christchurch". stuff.co.nz. 2011-03-17. http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/weddings/4778882/William-and-Kates-gift-to-Christchurch. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "No wedding gifts, please: William and Catherine request charity donations instead". yourlife.usatoday.com. 2011-04-29. http://yourlife.usatoday.com/mind-soul/doing-good/kindness/post/2011/04/in-lieu-of-gifts-prince-william-and-kate-middleton-request-charity-donations-instead/148363/1. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Prince William to watch namesake cup tie". WalesOnline. 24 November 2007. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/rugbynation/rugby-in-wales/2007/11/24/prince-william-to-watch-namesake-cup-tie-91466-20155814/. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "UK Parliament – Early Day Motion 230". UK Parliament. http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2007-08/230. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Prince watches Wales lose his cup". BBC News. 24 November 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7110794.stm. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Their last day of freedom: Biker Wills has a game of five-a-side with pals before his final rehearsal with Kate". Daily Mail (UK). 28 April 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1381168/Royal-Wedding-Kate-Middleton-Prince-Williams-final-rehearsal-Westminster-Abbey.html. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ a b c "Prince William, girlfriend end their relationship". CTV.ca. 14 April 2007. http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070414/william_split_070414/20070414?hub=CTVNewsAt11. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
- ^ Larcombe, Duncan (9 May 2007). "Wills and Kate split, The Sun, News". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article25145.ece. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ Larcombe, Duncan (29 June 2007). "Wills and Kate are ,just friends". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article238758.ece. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "It's a hard life Kate!". Daily Mail (London). 4 July 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-465530/Its-hard-life-Kate.html. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Royal wedding: William and Kate's Anglesey visit". BBC News. 24 February. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-12558600. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ "Prince William : People.com". People. ?. http://www.people.com/people/package/gallery/0,,20395222_20437204,00.html#20801592. Retrieved ?.
- ^ "His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales and Miss Catherine Middleton are engaged to be married". Press Releases. The Prince of Wales. 16 November 2010. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/his_royal_highness_prince_william_of_wales_and_miss_catherin_218016942.html. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
- ^ "2 billion tune in to Royal Wedding". News.com.au. 1 May 2011. http://www.news.com.au/business/billion-tune-in-to-royal-wedding/story-fn7mjon9-1226047685517. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ ""REVEALED: Royal Wedding TV audience closer to 300m than 2bn (because sport, not royalty, reigns)", by Nick Harris at". Sportingintelligence.com. 8 May 2011. http://www.sportingintelligence.com/2011/05/08/revealed-royal-wedding%E2%80%99s-real-tv-audience-closer-to-300m-than-2bn-because-sport-not-royalty-reigns-080501. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ Beckford, Martin (29 April 2011). "Royal wedding: Prince William and Kate Middleton become Duke and Duchess of Cambridge – Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8482962/Royal-wedding-Prince-William-and-Kate-Middleton-become-Duke-and-Duchess-of-Cambridge.html. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ London Gazette Issue 59798 published on the 1 June 2011 page 10297,http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/59798/pages/10297
- ^ a b "New appointments to the Order of the Thistle, 29 May 2012". http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2012/NewappointmentstotheOrderoftheThistle25May2012.aspx.
- ^ "The Duke of Cambridge: Styles and Titles". http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/PrinceWilliam/Stylesandtitles.aspx.
- ^ "The Royal Family > Titles and succession > Royal Family name". Royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080804094423/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5657.asp. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Prince William Appointed Academy President". BAFTA. 21 February 2010. http://www.bafta.org/awards/film/news,1029,BA.html. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ a b London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 58245. p. 2075. 13 February 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 58580. p. 493. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 58580. p. 496. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 58941. p. 117. 6 January 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 58941. p. 119. 6 January 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 58941. p. 123. 6 January 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
- ^ "The Prince of Wales – Prince William is appointed to the Order of the Garter". Princeofwales.gov.uk. 23 April 2008. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/focus/prince_william_is_appointed_to_the_order_of_the_garter_1032800767.html. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ Office of the Prince of Wales (23 June 2010). "Prince William becomes a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society". Queen's Printer. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/prince_william_becomes_a_royal_fellow_of_the_royal_society_1994504548.html. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ "New appointments to the Order of the Thistle". Royal.gov.uk. 25 May 2012. http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2012/NewappointmentstotheOrderoftheThistle25May2012.aspx. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ King George VI. "Media Centre > Buckingham Palace press releases > Appointment of a new Garter Knight". Royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080604123701/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page6247.asp. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "William made Knight of the Garter". BBC News. 16 June 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7457000.stm. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ Prince William to receive US medal for role in drugs bust – website Hello magazine
- ^ Department of Canadian Heritage. "2009 Official Royal Visit > Ontario (Toronto, Hamilton and Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ottawa, Petawawa)". Queen's Printer for Canada. http://www.visiteroyale-royalvisit.gc.ca/ont-eng.cfm. Retrieved 3 November 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "The Royal Family: Members of the Royal Family: HRH The Prince of Wales: Prince William – Military Career". Buckingham Palace. Archived from the original on 4 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080804093928/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page6000.asp. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ "RAF Regiment Association Official Site". Rafregt.org.uk. http://www.rafregt.org.uk/RAFRegtAssociation/tabid/53/language/en-GB/Default.aspx. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Prince William appointed as Colonel of the Irish Guards, 10 February 2011". Buckingham Palace. http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2011/PrinceWilliamappointedasColoneloftheIrishGuards10F.aspx. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
- ^ The Canadian Press (26 July 2011). "UW award honours Duke and Duchess of Cambridge". CTV. http://swo.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110726/waterloo-award-prince-william-110726/20110726/?hub=SWOHome. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ^ "University of Waterloo offers Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Award". Canada News Wire. 26 July 2011. http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/July2011/26/c7452.html. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ^ "The coat of arms of HRH Prince William of Wales". The College of Arms, London. http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/William.htm. Retrieved 24 October 2008.
- ^ Office of the Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages (29 June 2011). "Harper Government Unveils New Personal Canadian Flags for Their Royal Highnesses The Prince of Wales and The Duke of Cambridge". Canada News Wire. http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/June2011/29/c2197.html. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
- ^ a b c Michel Huberty, L'Allemagne dynastique, Volume 7, Giraud, 1994, ISBN 2-901138-07-1, ISBN 978-2-901138-07-5
- ^ Maclagan, Michael, Lines of Succession
- ^ Williamson, D. (1981) The Ancestry of Lady Diana Spencer Genealogist’s Magazine vol. 20 (no. 6) pp. 192–199 and vol. 20 (no. 8) pp. 281–282.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge |
- Royal.gov.uk – Prince William
- Prince of Wales.gov.uk – Prince William
- Prince William graduates from RMAS
- Prince William talks with NBC's Matt Lauer
- Prince William, Duke of Cambridge at the Internet Movie Database
|
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
Cadet branch of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Born: 21 June 1982 |
||
| British royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by The Prince of Wales |
Line of succession to the British Throne 2nd position |
Succeeded by Prince Henry of Wales |
| Line of succession to the Dukedom of Edinburgh 2nd position |
||
| Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by The Earl of Wessex |
Gentlemen HRH The Duke of Cambridge |
Succeeded by Prince Henry of Wales |
| Preceded by The Prince of Wales/The Duke of Rothesay |
Gentlemen in current practice |
Succeeded by The Duke of York |
| Cultural offices | ||
| Preceded by The Duke of York |
President of The Football Association 2006 – present |
Incumbent |
| Preceded by Lord Attenborough |
President of BAFTA 2010 – present |
|
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by Sir Sebastian Roberts |
Colonel of the Irish Guards 2011 – present |
Incumbent |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg)
.svg)
|
|||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||
|
||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cambridge, William |
| Alternative names | Mountbatten-Windsor, William Arthur Philip Louis |
| Short description | Elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales |
| Date of birth | 21 June 1982 |
| Place of birth | London, United Kingdom |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/William, duca di Cambridge
http://cs.wn.com/Princ William, vévoda z Cambridge
http://id.wn.com/Pangeran William, Adipati Cambridge
http://es.wn.com/Guillermo de Cambridge
http://ru.wn.com/Уильям, герцог Кембриджский
http://nl.wn.com/William, hertog van Cambridge
http://pl.wn.com/Wilhelm, książę Cambridge
http://fr.wn.com/William de Cambridge
http://de.wn.com/Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
http://pt.wn.com/Guilherme, Duque de Cambridge
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Duchess of Cambridge" redirects here. For other uses, see Duchess of Cambridge (disambiguation).
| Catherine | |
|---|---|
| Duchess of Cambridge (more) | |
 |
|
| Catherine at Canada Day celebrations in Ottawa, 2011 | |
| Spouse | Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (m. 2011) |
| Full name | |
| Catherine Elizabeth[fn 1] | |
| House | House of Windsor |
| Father | Michael Middleton |
| Mother | Carole Middleton (née Goldsmith) |
| Born | (1982-01-09) 9 January 1982 (age 30) Reading, Berkshire, England |
| Religion | Anglican (Church of England) |
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (Catherine Elizabeth "Kate"; née Middleton; born 9 January 1982)[1] is the wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and member of the British Royal Family. The Duke of Cambridge is second in line to the thrones of the 16 Commonwealth realms and, should he eventually become King, she would automatically become his queen consort.[2]
Catherine grew up in Chapel Row at Bucklebury, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England.[3] She studied in Scotland at the University of St Andrews, where she met the then Prince William of Wales in 2001. Their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010, and Middleton attended many high-profile royal events before they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. Catherine has created a major impact upon British fashion which has been termed as the "Kate effect", and in 2012, she was selected as one of The 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time Magazine.[4][5]
Contents |
Biography[link]
| The Royal Family of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms |
|---|
 |
|
HM The Queen
|
Early life and family[link]
Middleton was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading on 9 January 1982 and christened at St Andrew's Bradfield, Berkshire on 20 June 1982.[6][7]:32 She is the eldest of three children born to Carole (née Goldsmith), a former flight attendant and now part-owner of Party Pieces, a private company with an estimated worth of £30 million,[8] and Michael Middleton, who also worked as a flight attendant prior to becoming a flight dispatcher for British Airways, currently also an owner of Party Pieces. Her parents married on 21 June 1980, at the Parish Church of Dorney, Buckinghamshire,[9] and in 1987, founded Party Pieces, a mail order company that sells party supplies and decorations.[10][11] Middleton has a younger sister, Pippa[12][better source needed] and a younger brother, James Middleton.[12][13] The family has complained about press harassment of Pippa and Carole since Middleton's engagement.[14]
Middleton's paternal ancestors were from Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire. Her paternal great-grandmother Olivia was a member of the Lupton family, who were active for generations in Leeds in commercial and municipal work.[15] Her ancestors include the Revd Thomas Davis, a Church of England hymn-writer.[16]
Carole Middleton's maternal family, the Harrisons, were working class labourers and miners from Sunderland and County Durham.[17]
Middleton's parents worked for British Airways in Amman, Jordan from May 1984 to September 1986. In Jordan, Middleton went to an English language nursery school[18] before returning to their home in Berkshire.[19] After her return from Amman, Middleton was enrolled at St Andrew's School near the village of Pangbourne in Berkshire, then briefly at Downe House.[20] She attended Marlborough College, a co-educational independent boarding school in Wiltshire,[21] and graduated from the University of St. Andrews in Fife, Scotland with an undergraduate MA (2:1 Hons) in the History of Art. While a student at St. Andrews, she met Prince William.[22]
Career[link]
In November 2006, Middleton accepted a position as an accessory buyer with the clothing chain Jigsaw.[23] She also worked part-time until January 2011 as a catalogue photographer, webpage designer and marketing officer for her parents' firm "Party Pieces". Despite this, at one point she was given the nickname 'Waity Katie' by the media for her apparent lack of work ethic and seeming desire not to do anything except to wait for a wedding proposal. [24]
In 2008, it was reported that she had quit her job at Jigsaw to become a professional photographer, intending to take private classes with photographer Mario Testino, who had taken several well-known photographs of Diana, Princess of Wales and her sons.[25] Testino later denied that Middleton was going to be working for him.[26]
Public image and style[link]
Catherine is admired for her fashion sense and has been placed on numerous "best dressed" lists.[27][28] She was selected by The Daily Telegraph as the "Most Promising Newcomer" in its 2006 list of style winners and losers.[29] Tatler placed her at number 8 on its yearly listing of the top ten style icons in 2007.[30] She was featured in People magazine's 2007 and 2010 best-dressed lists.[31] Middleton was named as one of Richard Blackwell's ten "Fabulous Fashion Independents" of 2007.[32] In June 2008, Style.com selected Middleton as its monthly beauty icon.[33] In July 2008, Middleton was included in Vanity Fair's international best-dressed list.[34] In February 2011, she was named the Top Fashion Buzzword of the 2011 season by the Global Language Monitor.[35]
The Duchess is known for mixing couture pieces, often by British designers, with 'High Street' retail fashion. Designers worn by the Duchess include Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen, Issa, Jenny Packham, Beulah London, Alice Temperley, Erdem and Catherine Walker; high street labels worn by the Duchess include Reiss, Zara and L.K.Bennett. In January 2012, she was voted 'Headwear Person of the Year'.[36]
Relationship with Prince William[link]
Middleton's status as the undeclared girlfriend of Prince William brought her widespread media coverage in Britain and abroad and she was often photographed on her daily outings. On 17 October 2005, she complained through her lawyer about harassment from the media, stating that she had done nothing significant to warrant such publicity.[37] In February 2006, it was announced that Middleton would receive her own 24-hour security detail supplied by the Royalty Protection branch (SO14). This fuelled further speculation that she and Prince William would soon be engaged, since she would not otherwise be entitled to this service.
No engagement was forthcoming and Middleton was not granted an allowance to fund this security. Media attention increased around the time of her 25th birthday in January 2007, prompting warnings from both The Prince of Wales and Prince William and from Middleton's lawyers, who threatened legal action. Two newspaper groups, News International, which publishes The Times and The Sun, and the Guardian Media Group, publishers of The Guardian, decided to refrain from publishing paparazzi photographs of her.[38] Middleton attended at least one event as an official royal guest, Prince William's Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 15 December 2006.[39]
On 17 May 2008, Middleton attended the wedding of Prince William's cousin Peter Phillips to Autumn Kelly, which the prince did not attend.[40] On 19 July 2008, she was a guest at the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor and George Gilman. Prince William was away on military operations in the Caribbean, serving aboard the HMS Iron Duke.[41] In 2010, Middleton pursued an invasion of privacy claim against two agencies and photographer Niraj Tanna, who took pictures of her over Christmas 2009.[42] She obtained a public apology, £5,000 in damages, and legal costs.[43]
Breakup and reconciliation[link]
On 14 April 2007, The Sun newspaper broke a "world exclusive" suggesting that Prince William and Middleton had split up.[44] Other media outlets, such as the BBC, confirmed the story as the day progressed. The couple decided to break up during a holiday in the Swiss resort of Zermatt.[45][46] Clarence House made only one comment about the relationship's end, according to The Times, stating, "We don't comment on Prince William's private life".[47] Newspapers speculated about the reasons for the split, although these reports relied on anonymous sources.
The original report in The Sun quoted a "close friend of the couple" as saying that Middleton felt Prince William had not been paying her enough attention. The paper highlighted reports that Prince William had been spending time with other young women and said the Prince, aged 24 at the time of the split, felt he was too young to marry.[48] A report in the Daily Mail blamed a desire by royal courtiers not to "hurry along" a marriage announcement, and Prince William's desire to enjoy his bachelor status within his Army career. The Mail also suggested that a friend of Prince William encouraged the Prince to take a "careless approach" to relationships. The same article suggested that Middleton had "expected too much" in wanting Prince William to demonstrate his commitment to her.[49]
In June 2007, Middleton and Prince William insisted they were "just good friends" following reports of a reconciliation.[50] Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium, where she and Prince William sat two rows apart.[51] The couple were subsequently seen together in public on a number of occasions and several news sources, including the BBC and the Daily Mail, stated that they had "rekindled their relationship".[52] She also joined Prince William and The Prince of Wales on a deerstalking expedition at Balmoral[53] and attended the wedding of Prince William's cousin, Peter Phillips, even though Prince William, due to a prior commitment, did not. In April 2008, Middleton accompanied Prince William when he was awarded his RAF wings at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.[54] On 16 June 2008, she attended Prince William's investiture into the Order of the Garter, along with the Royal Family.
Engagement and wedding[link]
Main article: Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
See also: Wedding dress of Catherine Middleton
Prince William and Catherine Middleton became engaged in October 2010 in Kenya, East Africa, during a 10-day trip to the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy to celebrate Prince William passing his RAF helicopter search and rescue course.[55][56] Clarence House announced the engagement on 16 November 2010.[55][57] The couple married in Westminster Abbey on 29 April 2011,[58] (St. Catherine's Day) with the day declared a bank holiday in the United Kingdom. Estimates of the global audience for the wedding ranged around 300 million or more, whilst 26 million watched the event live in the United Kingdom.[59][60]
In October, several months after the wedding, Commonwealth leaders pledged that they would implement changes in British royal succession law to allow daughters of future monarchs to have equal rights to the throne.[61]
Royal duties[link]
Public appearances[link]
Middleton was formally introduced to public life on 24 February 2011, two months before the wedding, when she and Prince William attended a lifeboat naming ceremony in Trearddur, Anglesey, in North Wales.[62] A day later they appeared in St Andrews and launched the university's 600th anniversary celebrations. On 16 February 2011, Clarence House announced that the Duke and Duchess's first royal tour of Canada would take place in July 2011.[63]
In May 2011, shortly after the wedding, and while The Prince of Wales was in official visit to the United States, Clarence House announced that the Duke and Duchess would visit California after their Canadian tour. It was the Duchess of Cambridge's first visit to the United States.[64]
In June 2011, the Duke and Duchess presented medals to members of the Irish Guards.[65]
The Duchess visited the Canadian Museum of Civilization to attend a citizenship ceremony, on 1 July 2011 in Gatineau, Canada. The newly married Royal Couple were on the second day of their first joint overseas tour. They were joined by thousands of Canadians taking part in the Canada Day celebrations, which mark Canada’s 144th Birthday.[66]
On 2 November, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited the UNICEF Supply Division Centre for supplying food to malnourished African children in Copenhagen, Denmark.[67][68]
On St Patrick's day, 17 March 2012, the Duchess carried out the traditional awarding of shamrocks to the Irish Guards at their base in Aldershot; this was her first solo military engagement.
The couple is due to visit Malaysia, Singapore, Tuvalu and the Solomon Islands as a part of the Royal Jubilee celebrations in 2012.
Patronages[link]
In March 2011, William and Catherine have set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well-wishers who want to give them a wedding gift to donate money to charities they care about instead.[69] The gift fund supported 26 charities of the couple’s choice, incorporating the armed forces, children, the elderly, art, sport and conservation. These causes are close to their hearts and reflect the experiences, passions and values of their lives so far.[70][71][72][73][74]
In January 2012, the Duchess announced the first charities which she will support.[75][76]
These are:
- The Art Room[77][78]
- The National Portrait Gallery, London
- East Anglia's Children's Hospice (EACH)[79]
- Action on Addiction
She will also be a local volunteer leader with the Scout Association in Anglesey, north Wales, her marital home.[80]
Titles, styles, honours and arms[link]
Titles and styles[link]
| Royal styles of The Duchess of Cambridge |
|
|---|---|
| 50px | |
| Reference style | Her Royal Highness |
| Spoken style | Your Royal Highness |
| Alternative style | Ma'am |
- 9 January 1982 – 29 April 2011: Miss Catherine Elizabeth Middleton
- 29 April 2011 – present: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge[81]
Catherine's full title and style is Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge,[81] Countess of Strathearn, Baroness Carrickfergus.[82][83]
Unlike the majority of royal brides, and in contrast to most previous consorts-in-waiting for over 350 years, Catherine does not come from a royal or aristocratic background.[84][85] On the morning of their wedding day on 29 April 2011, at 8:00 am, officials at Buckingham Palace announced that in accordance with royal tradition and on recognition of the day by the Queen, Prince William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus.[83][86]
Honours[link]
See also List of honours of the British Royal Family by country
Honorary military appointments[link]
- Canada
- 5 July 2011 – present: Canadian Ranger[87]
Honorific eponyms[link]
- Awards
- Ontario: Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Award, University of Waterloo, Waterloo[88][89]
Arms[link]
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ancestry[link]
In a study of the ancestry of Catherine, William Addams Reitwiesner uncovered that she shares ancestors with her husband Prince William; the closest relationship is via Prince William's mother and Catherine's father through a common descent from Sir Thomas Fairfax and his wife Agnes (or Anne) Gascoigne[better source needed], daughter of Sir William Gascoigne and his wife, née Lady Margaret Percy.[91] This makes the couple fifteenth cousins.[92] Sir Thomas Fairfax and Agnes Gascoigne are through Catherine's great-grandmother Olive Lupton, daughter of a Leeds cloth merchant Francis Lupton and his wife Harriet (née Davis) – Fairfax being an ancestor of Lupton. In turn Lady Margaret Percy[better source needed] is descended from Edward III.
| Ancestors of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Popular culture[link]
Following international attention regarding the wedding, Lifetime aired a TV movie entitled William & Kate on 18 April 2011, in the US.[93] The film premiered in the UK on 24 April 2011.[94] Middleton [95] was played by Camilla Luddington[96] and Prince William by Nico Evers-Swindell.[97] TV programmes were also shown in the UK prior to the wedding which provided deeper insights into the couple's relationship and backgrounds, including When Kate Met William[98] and Channel 4's Meet the Middletons.[99]
A second TV Movie is also being produced that covers much the same ground as "William & Kate". That movie titled William & Catherine: A Royal Romance stars Alice St. Clair as Kate Middleton and Dan Amboyer as Prince William.[100] Of note in this second television movie is the appearance of Jane Alexander as the Queen and Alias alum Victor Garber as the Prince of Wales. According to The Hollywood Reporter the movie is scheduled to air 27 August 2011 in the United States on the Hallmark Channel.[101] The movie was filmed in Bucharest.[102]
Footnotes[link]
- ^ As a titled royal, Catherine holds no surname, but when one is used, it is Mountbatten-Windsor.
References[link]
- ^ "Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge". Current Biography Yearbook 2011. Ipswich, MA: H.W. Wilson. 2011. pp. 116-118. ISBN 9780824211219.
- ^ "Queen Kate? Her Royal Highness? In search of Kate Middleton's New Title". Time Magazine. 16 November 2010. http://newsfeed.time.com/2010/11/16/queen-kate-her-royal-highness-in-search-of-kate-middletons-new-title/. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
- ^ "Royal wedding: Kate Middleton's home village of Bucklebury prepares for big day". The Telegraph. 12 April 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8435034/Royal-wedding-Kate-Middletons-home-village-of-Bucklebury-prepares-for-big-day.html. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Thomas-Bailey, Carlene; Zoe Wood (30 March 2012). "How the 'Duchess of Cambridge effect' is helping British fashion in US". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/mar/30/kate-duchess-of-cambridge-fashion-lk-bennett. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2111952,00.html TIME 100: The List, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, and Pippa Middleton
- ^ "The Duchess of Cambridge". The Royal Household. http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDuchessofCambridge/TheDuchessofCambridge.aspx. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ Jobson, Robert (2010). William & Kate – The Love Story. London: John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84454-736-4.
- ^ "Money and the Middletons". TheTelegraph.com.au. 21 April 2011. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/specials/royal-wedding/money-and-the-middletons/story-fn888nar-1226042856760. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ Claudia Joseph The intriguing story of the woman who gave Kate her looks – and family wealth Mail Online, 21 November 2010; Retrieved 22 November 2010
- ^ "About us". PartyPieces.co.uk. http://www.partypieces.co.uk/about-us/. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Dominic Kennedy and Alex Ralph (26 November 2010). "How Kate Middleton's family made their money with Party Pieces website". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/how-kate-middletons-family-made-their-money-selling-party-pieces-website-database/story-e6frg6n6-1225961321423. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- ^ a b Reitwiesner, William Addams (2011). Child, Christopher Challender. ed. The Ancestry of Catherine Middleton. Scott Campbell Steward. Boston, Massachusetts: New England Historic Genealogical Society. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-88082-252-7. http://www.wargs.com/royal/kate.html.
- ^ Joseph, Claudia (22 March 2009). "Revealed: Secrets of the Middletons' money and how Kate's ancestors made a fortune". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1163716/Revealed-Secrets-Middletons-money-Kates-ancestors-fortune.html. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ^ "Kate Middleton's family complain of media harassment". Yahoo! News. 7 April 2011. http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110407/en_afp/britainroyalsmarriagemedia_20110407155939. Retrieved 24 April 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "The Leeds connection...". Yorkshire Evening Post. 11 September 2006. http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/features/The-Leeds-connection.1760281.jp.
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams (2011). Child, Christopher Challender. ed. The Ancestry of Catherine Middleton. Scott Campbell Steward. Boston, Massachusetts: New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 9,16. ISBN 978-0-88082-252-7. http://www.wargs.com/royal/kate.html.
- ^ Wilson, Christopher (22 December 2006). "Kate, the coal miner's girl". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-424446/Kate-coal-miners-girl.html.
- ^ Rayner, Gordon (7 March 2011). "Kate Middleton family photos reveal her time in Jordan". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8366374/Kate-Middleton-family-photos-reveal-her-time-in-Jordan.html. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
- ^ "Profiles – Kate Middleton". Hello!. August 2001. http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/katemiddleton/. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ^ Party Pieces Princess, News of the World, 21 November 2010, p. 4
- ^ "World press gather outside Middleton family home in Bucklebury as royal relationship ends". Newbury Today. 14 April 2007. http://www.newburytoday.co.uk/News/Article.aspx?articleID=4152.
- ^ "Katie is just not waiting: Middleton works nine to five for parents in mundane office job". Evening Standard. 2 September 2008. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-23549446-katie-is-just-not-waiting-middleton-works-nine-to-five-for-parents-in-mundane-office-job.do. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
- ^ Duncan, Hugo (1 December 2006). "Kate Middleton lands job with fashion chain Jigsaw". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=419877&in_page_id=1770. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
- ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1330151/Prince-William-Kate-Middleton-engaged-marry-2011.html
- ^ Pierce, Andrew (19 January 2008). "Mario Testino to teach Kate Middleton his art". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1576130/Mario-Testino-to-teach-Kate-Middleton-his-art.html. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ Rubin, Courtney (12 February 2008). "Mario Testino: Kate Middleton Isn't Working for Me!". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20177628,00.html. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
- ^ Kate Middleton in Vanity Fair's Best-Dressed List TheGloss, 1 August 2008
- ^ Kate Middleton's Style: Fit For A Future Princess? Huffington Post, 16 November 2010
- ^ Clare Coulson (3 January 2007). "Style Winners and Losers". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/core/Slideshow/slideshowContentFrameFragXL.jhtml;jsessionid3D2FPCC1RV2W5QFIQMFSFFOAVCBQ0IV0?xml=/fashion/2007/01/03/pixdressed03.xml&site=fashion. Retrieved 6 July 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Unknown (5 March 2007). "Kate Middleton in poll of top 10 style icons". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-440086/Kate-Middleton-poll-style-icons.html. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
- ^ "Knowles, Stefani make mags 'best dressed'". USA Today. Associated Press. 12 September 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-09-12-bestdressed_N.htm. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
- ^ "Posh and Amy Winehouse named as the wost-dressed celebrities of 2007". Daily Mail (UK). 9 January 2008. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-507010/Posh-Amy-Winehouse-named-worst-dressed-celebrities-2007.html. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
- ^ Evelyn Crowley (June 2008). "Kate Middleton". Style.com. Condé Nast Digital. http://www.style.com/beauty/icon/062008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
- ^ The International Best-Dressed List. Vanity Fair. 29 July 2008. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
- ^ Serjeant, Jill (8 February 2011). "Kate Middleton deemed top fashion buzzword". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/08/us-katemiddleton-idUSTRE71734E20110208. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ Tamara Abraham. "Kate Middleton crowned Headwear Association's 'Hat Person of the Year' with 90% of votes | Mail Online". dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2092975/Kate-Middleton-crowned-Headwear-Associations-Hat-Person-Year-90-votes.html. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
- ^ "Ex-royal aide condemns paparazzi" BBC News, 9 January 2007; Retrieved 16 November 2010
- ^ Rubin, Courtney; Nudd, Tim (16 January 2007). "Kate Middleton Seeks Privacy from Paparazzi". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20008646,00.html. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
- ^ Royal Wedding: The Kate Middleton story BBC News, 16 November 2010
- ^ Alderson, Andrew Royal wedding: Peter Phillips and Autumn Kelly tie the knot, The Telegraph, 17 May 2008; Retrieved 3 February 2010
- ^ Nikkah, Roya (19 July 2008). "Kate Middleton attends another royal wedding". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2435912/Kate-Middleton-attends-another-royal-wedding.html. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
- ^ Woods, Richard "Kate Middleton set for £10,000 privacy victory", Times Online, 28 February 2010
- ^ Bentham, Martin (11 March 2010). "Kate Middleton wins apology for tennis court photos". London Evening Standard. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23814426-kate-middleton-wins-apology-for-tennis-court-photos.do. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ Larcombe, Duncan (14 April 2007). "Wills and Kate split". The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2-2007170373,00.html. Retrieved 15 April 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Larcombe, Duncan (9 May 2007). "Wills & Kate: Tears in the Alps". The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2-2007170483,00.html. [dead link]
- ^ "Prince William splits from Kate". BBC News. 14 April 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6554841.stm. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
- ^ Queen for Less Than a Day: Kate Middleton, Prince William Break Up The Hollywood Gossip, 14 April 2007
- ^ Matthews, Jane William-to-marry-Kate-Middleton-in-2012-before-Olympics 'Prince William to Marry Kate Middleton in 2012' – Before Olympics Express.co.uk,13 September 2010; Retrieved 16 November 2010
- ^ Wilson, Christopher (14 April 2007). "A historic act of folly and supreme egotism on the part of the Prince". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=448696&in_page_id=1770. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
- ^ Larcombe, Duncan (29 June 2007). "Wills and Kate are 'just friends'". The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2-2007290083,00.html. [dead link]
- ^ "It's a hard life Kate!". Daily Mail (UK). 4 July 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-465530/Its-hard-life-Kate.html.
- ^ "'Paparazzi chase' concerns prince". BBC News. 5 October 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7030599.stm. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
- ^ "Deer hunter Kate under fire for going shooting with Royals". Daily Mail (UK). 15 October 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=487517&in_page_id=1770.
- ^ "Prince Wills has got his wings". The Sun. 11 April 2008. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article1029688.ece.
- ^ a b "Prince William to marry Kate Middleton next year". BBC News. 16 November 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11765422.
- ^ "Royal wedding: profile of Kate Middleton". The Telegraph. 16 November 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/theroyalfamily/8136685/Royal-wedding-profile-of-Kate-Middleton.html. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
- ^ "Press Release: His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales and Miss Catherine Middleton are engaged to be married". The Prince of Wales. 16 November 2010. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/his_royal_highness_prince_william_of_wales_and_miss_catherin_218016942.html. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
- ^ Bates, Stephen (23 November 2010). "Royal wedding date set for 29 April". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/nov/23/royal-wedding-date-29-april.
- ^ "2 billion tune in to Royal Wedding". News.com.au. 1 May 2011. http://www.news.com.au/business/billion-tune-in-to-royal-wedding/story-fn7mjon9-1226047685517. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ ""REVEALED: Royal Wedding TV audience closer to 300m than 2bn (because sport, not royalty, reigns)", by Nick Harris at". Sportingintelligence.com. 8 May 2011. http://www.sportingintelligence.com/2011/05/08/revealed-royal-wedding%E2%80%99s-real-tv-audience-closer-to-300m-than-2bn-because-sport-not-royalty-reigns-080501. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ "British royal succession laws to change". GlobalPost. 28 October 2011. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/united-kingdom/111028/british-royal-succession-laws-changed-prince-william-kate-daughter-queen. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ "Royal wedding: William and Kate's Anglesey visit". BBC News. 24 February. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-12558600. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ "HRH Prince William of Wales and Miss Catherine Middleton to undertake a Royal tour of Canada". Office of the Prince of Wales. 16 February 2011. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/hrh_prince_william_of_wales_and_miss_catherine_middleton_to__319456463.html. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ "Royal newly-weds to visit US after Canada tour". BBC News. 5 May 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13291219. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Ministry of Defence | Defence News | History and Honour | Irish Guards receive Afghanistan medals from Duke and Duchess of Cambridge". Mod.uk. 20 February 2007. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/IrishGuardsReceiveAfghanistanMedalsFromDukeAndDuchessOfCambridge.htm. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ "The Duke And Duchess Of Cambridge Celebrate Canada Day". http://khitschicago.radio.com/2011/07/01/photos-the-duke-and-duchess-of-cambridge-celebrate-canada-day/.
- ^ "William and Kate visit Unicef famine relief depot in Copenhagen". BBC News. 2 November 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15556875.
- ^ "Photo story: William and Kate visit UNICEF Supply Centre". unicef.org.uk. 2011-11-02. http://www.unicef.org.uk/Latest/Photo-stories/william-kate-east-africa-photos/. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund". royalweddingcharityfund.org. http://www.royalweddingcharityfund.org/. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine ask for charity donations in lieu of wedding gifts". telegraph.co.uk. 2011-03-16. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8385866/William-and-Kate-ask-for-charity-donations-in-lieu-of-wedding-gifts.html. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine set up royal wedding charity fund". reuters.com. 2011-03-16. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/16/us-britain-wedding-fund-idUSTRE72F3BK20110316. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine set up royal wedding charity fund". chinadaily.com.cn. 2011-03-16. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-03/16/content_12183222.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "William and Catherine's gift to Christchurch". stuff.co.nz. 2011-03-17. http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/weddings/4778882/William-and-Kates-gift-to-Christchurch. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "No wedding gifts, please: William and Catherine request charity donations instead". yourlife.usatoday.com. 2011-04-29. http://yourlife.usatoday.com/mind-soul/doing-good/kindness/post/2011/04/in-lieu-of-gifts-prince-william-and-kate-middleton-request-charity-donations-instead/148363/1. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "Duchess of Cambridge announces charity patronages". BBC NEWS UK. 2012-01-05. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16411358. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ Royalty and statesmen (2012-01-05). "Kate Middleton charities: The new royal has chosen five to support". hellomagazine.com. http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/201201056904/kate-duchess-cambridge-charities/. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
- ^ "HRH The Duchess of Cambridge becomes Royal Patron of". The Art Room. 2012-01-05. http://www.theartroom.org.uk/7-20120105-patron-announcement.html. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
- ^ "Painting the town red: Duchess of Cambridge gets creative in art class as she visits school in Oxford". dailymail.co.uk. 2012-02-22. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2104227/Kate-Middleton-Duchess-Cambridge-makes-visit-royal-patron-The-Art-Room-Orla-Kiely-dress.html. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
- ^ "Duchess of Cambridge to give her first public speech as Royal Patron of children's hospices charity". dailymail.co.uk. 2012-03-06. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2110471/Duchess-Cambridge-public-speech-Royal-Patron-childrens-hospices-charity.html. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ Lauren Paxman. "Kate Middleton Scouting: Duchess of Cambridge is latest cover girl for movement's magazine | Mail Online". dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2092773/Kate-Middleton-Scouting-Duchess-Cambridge-latest-cover-girl-movements-magazine.html. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
- ^ a b "Titles announced for Prince William and Catherine Middleton". The Royal Wedding 2011 Official Site. 29 April 2011. http://www.officialroyalwedding2011.org/blog/2011/April/29/Titles-announced-for-Prince-William-and-Catherine-Middleton.
- ^ "Red Coat, Welsh Ring And New Titles For Pair". Sky News. 29 April 2011. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Royal-Wedding/UK-Royal-Wedding-New-Titles-For-Couple-Irish-Red-Coat-For-William-And-Welsh-Band-Of-Gold-For-Kate/Article/201104415981353?f=rss. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
- ^ a b Beckford, Martin (29 April 2011). "Prince William and Kate Middleton's new titles revealed". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8482573/Prince-William-and-Kate-Middletons-new-titles-revealed.html. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Royal wedding Kate Middleton will be first middle-class queen-in-waiting The Telegraph, 16 November 2010
- ^ Profile: Kate Middleton guardian.co.uk, 16 November 2010
- ^ Beckford, Martin (29 April 2011), "Royal wedding: Prince William and Kate Middleton become Duke and Duchess of Cambridge", The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8482962/Royal-wedding-Prince-William-and-Kate-Middleton-become-Duke-and-Duchess-of-Cambridge.html
- ^ English, Rebecca (6 July 2011). "Kate and William enjoy second 'honeymoon' as Prince whisks his new bride away for surprise evening on isolated Canadian island". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2011742/Kate-Middleton-Prince-William-enjoy-second-honeymoon.html. Retrieved 15 February, 2012.
- ^ The Canadian Press (26 July 2011). "UW award honours Duke and Duchess of Cambridge". CTV. http://swo.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110726/waterloo-award-prince-william-110726/20110726/?hub=SWOHome. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ^ "University of Waterloo offers Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Award". Canada News Wire. 26 July 2011. http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/July2011/26/c7452.html. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ^ a b c d "The arms of Miss Catherine Middleton". College of Arms. 1 May 2011. http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/MiddletonC.html.
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams (2011). Child, Christopher Challender. ed. The Ancestry of Catherine Middleton. Scott Campbell Steward. Boston, Massachusetts: New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 118–9. ISBN 978-0-88082-252-7. http://www.wargs.com/royal/kate.html.
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams (2011). Child, Christopher Challender. ed. The Ancestry of Catherine Middleton. Scott Campbell Steward. Boston, Massachusetts: New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 116–7. ISBN 978-0-88082-252-7. http://www.wargs.com/royal/kate.html.
- ^ Gallery: Lifetime's 'William & Kate' movie Digital Spy, 17 April 2011
- ^ Wills and Kate movie 'guilty pleasure' TV[dead link] ITN.co.uk, 26 April 2011
- ^ Full cast and crew for William & Kate (2011) Internet Movie Database
- ^ Kate Middleton actress home for royal wedding BBC News, 27 April 2011
- ^ Sun, Feifei (21 March 2011). "Drama Queen: Lifetime's 'William & Kate' Trailer Serves Up the Sap". Time NewsFeed. http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/03/21/drama-queen-lifetimes-william-kate-trailer-serves-up-the-sap/. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
- ^ Rewind TV: When Kate Met William; Kate and William: Romance and the Royals; The Suspicions of Mr Whicher; The Crimson Petal and the White The Observer, 1 May 2011
- ^ TV review: Meet the Middletons; Help! My House is Infested; The Reckoning guardian.co.uk, 18 April 2011
- ^ [1] IMDB
- ^ "Production Begins on 'William & Catherine: A Royal Romance'". The Hollywood Reporter. 5 May 2011. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/production-begins-william-catherine-a-185876. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
- ^ "Hallmark Channel to film 'William & Catherine: A Royal Romance' - Lifeline Live". USA Today. 5 May 2011. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2011/05/hallmark-channel-to-film-william-38-catherine-a-royal-romance/1. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
Bibliography[link]
- Jobson, Robert (2010). William & Kate – The Love Story. London: John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84454-736-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=1M3oGZ7RRH8C&pg=PP1.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge |
- "Official website of the British monarchy – HRH The Duchess of Cambridge". Royal Household. http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDuchessofCambridge/TheDuchessofCambridge.aspx.
- "The Duchess of Cambridge". The Prince of Wales. http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/thedukeandduchessofcambridge/theduchessofcambridge/.
- Works by or about Kate Middleton in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Kate Middleton collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- "Popular girl who caught royal eye", BBC News, 31 March 2005
- "Royal wedding: Family tree", BBC News, 13 April 2011
- Cracroft's Peerage
- Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge at the Internet Movie Database
| Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by The Princess Royal |
Ladies HRH The Duchess of Cambridge |
Succeeded by Autumn Phillips |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Duchess of Cambridge |
| Alternative names | Princess Catherine |
| Short description | Wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge |
| Date of birth | 1982-01-09 |
| Place of birth | Reading, Berkshire, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Catherine Middleton
http://cs.wn.com/Catherine, vévodkyně z Cambridge
http://id.wn.com/Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
http://es.wn.com/Catalina de Cambridge
http://ru.wn.com/Кэтрин, герцогиня Кембриджская
http://nl.wn.com/Catherine Middleton
http://pl.wn.com/Katarzyna, księżna Cambridge
http://fr.wn.com/Catherine Middleton
http://de.wn.com/Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
http://hi.wn.com/कैथरीन एलिज़ाबेथ मिडिलटन
http://pt.wn.com/Catherine, Duquesa de Cambridge
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
