Knife

Monday, 11 February 2013

The Knife - Heartbeats ( OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO W/ SOUND )

The Knife - Full Of Fire - Official video

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The Knife - Pass This On (Official Music Video)

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Greece
Greece ⁱ/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).

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Nepal
Nepal (नेपाल) (ⁱ/nɛˈpɔːl/ ne-PAWLNepali: नेपाल [neˈpal] ( listen)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. Specifically, the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim border Nepal, while across the Himalayas lies the Tibetan Autonomous Region. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 27 million (and 2 million absentee workers living abroad), Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolis. Kathmandu Valley itself has estimated population of 5 million.
Nepal has a rich geography. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized.

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SARK
The SARK (Search and Rescue Knife) or NSAR (Navy Search and Rescue) is a folding knife designed by Knifemaker Ernest Emerson for use as a Search and Rescue knife for the US Military. It features a hawkbill with a blunt tip in order to cut free trapped victims without cutting them in the process. A variant with a pointed-tip designed for police use exists, known as the P-SARK (Police Search and Rescue Knife).
After a helicopter crash in 1999, which resulted in the deaths of six Marines and one sailor, the United States Navy performed an assessment of their equipment and decided, among other things, that they needed a new search and rescue knife. The KA-BAR knives issued to the SBUs (Special Boat Units) had catastrophically failed to cut the Marines free from their webbing.
The Navy went to Emerson Knives, Inc., where the owner, Ernest Emerson, designed and fabricated a working prototype within 24 hours. The Navy found that the knife met their needs, and the model was dubbed the "SARK" (Search and Rescue Knife). The SARK is a folding knife with a wharncliffe-style blade and a blunt tip designed so a rescuer could cut trapped victims free without stabbing them. Seeing another need in the police community, Emerson replaced the blunt end of the SARK with a pointed end and named it the "P-SARK", or Police Search And Rescue Knife. The Ontario, California Police Department consulted Emerson to produce written policy for the carry and deployment of the P-SARK knives in their department.

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Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, Italian pronunciation: [ˌɡalleˈria deʎʎi ufˈfittsi]) , is a museum in Florence, Italy. It is one of the oldest and most famous art museums of the Western world.
Building of the palace was begun by Giorgio Vasari in 1560 for Cosimo I de' Medici as the offices for the Florentine magistrates — hence the name "uffizi" ("offices"). Construction was continued to Vasari's design by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti and ended in 1581. The cortile (internal courtyard) is so long and narrow, and open to the Arno River at its far end through a Doric screen that articulates the space without blocking it, that architectural historians treat it as the first regularized streetscape of Europe. Vasari, a painter as well as architect, emphasized the perspective length by the matching facades' continuous roof cornices, and unbroken cornices between storeys and the three continuous steps on which the palace-fronts stand. The niches in the piers that alternate with columns were filled with sculptures of famous artists in the 19th century.

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Abraham
Abraham (Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם (help·info), Modern: Avraham, Tiberian: ʼAḇrāhām, Ashkenazi Avrohom or Avruhom, Arabic: إبراهيم‎ Ibrāhīm, Ge'ez: አብርሃም ʼAbrəham, Greek: Aβραάμ, Russian: Авраам), whose birth name was Abram, is the eponym of the Abrahamic religions, among which are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. According to both the Hebrew Bible and the Qur'an, through his sons Ishmael and Isaac, Abraham is the forefather of many tribes, namely the Ishmaelites, Israelites, Midianites and Edomites. Abraham was a descendant of Noah's son, Shem. Christians believe that Jesus was a descendant of Abraham through Isaac, and Muslims believe that Muhammad was a descendant of Abraham through Ishmael. Abraham is notable for his advocation and promotion of monotheism.
The Book of Genesis narrative that records the life of Abraham presents his role as one that could only be fulfilled through a monotheistic covenant established between him and God. The Qur'an has stories about Abraham and his offspring that are similar to the Bible's. In Islam, Abraham is recognised as a prophet, patriarch and messenger, archetype of the perfect Muslim, and reformer of the Kaaba.

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Blackie Collins
Walter Wells Collins (1940 – July 20, 2011) or Blackie Collins was an American knife maker who designed and popularized the assisted opening mechanism and various automatic knife designs within the art of knifemaking. He is cited by other knifemakers and collectors as one of the most innovative knife designers in the world and was an author and the founder of what became Blade Magazine. Collins died July 20, 2011 in a motorcycle accident near North, South Carolina.
Collins was born in Florence, South Carolina. He made his first knife when he was in the second grade.
Collins designed the bowie/survival knives series for Smith and Wesson in 1971 and was involved in designing their commemorative knives from 1971-1978. In 1981, Collins' designed a knife for Gerber Legendary Blades named the L.S.T. (Light, Strong, Tough). The LST was the first knife to feature injection molded Zytel handles and featured a total of 6 parts. His next design was an assisted opening knife called the Strut and Cut; the design for which came from motorcycling. The Strut’N'Cut's opening mechanism was based on his Ducati’s single strut which enables the knife to open and close with ease.

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Bob Loveless
Robert Waldorf Loveless (January 2, 1929 – September 2, 2010 ), aka Bob Loveless or RW Loveless, was an American knife maker who designed and popularized the hollowground drop point blade and the use of full tapered tangs and screw-type handle scale fasteners within the art of knifemaking. He is cited by other knifemakers and collectors as one of the most innovative custom knife makers in the world.
Loveless was born on January 2, 1929 in Warren, Ohio. When he was 14, he altered his birth certificate and joined the Merchant Marine and later served as an Air Corps control tower operator on Iwo Jima. He witnessed a number of knife fights in the bars of foreign ports, which he attributed to giving him an interest in knives.
In 1950 Loveless attended Chicago's Armour Institute of Technology (later renamed Illinois Institute of Technology - IIT) and took a course taught by the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. In 1951 he returned to Ohio and studied literature and sociology at Kent State.
In December 1953, Loveless returned to the Merchant Marine on a tanker based in New York. Loveless visited Abercrombie & Fitch in New York City in order to purchase a Randall Made knife. After learning there was a nine month wait for the knife he wanted, he decided to make his own. He ground his first blade from a 1937 Packard Automobile spring found in a Newark, New Jersey junkyard and forged it on the oil-fired galley stove of the ship on which he was serving. After showing this homemade knife to the head of the Abercrombie & Fitch cutlery department he formed a relationship with the retailer to sell his knives.

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Buster Warenski
Buster Warenski (June 5, 1942–July 31, 2005) was a custom knifemaker from Kimberly, Nevada who made "Art Knives" utilizing gold and other precious metals. Warenski is best known for making a reproduction of King Tut's dagger with a cast blade; over 32 ounces of gold were used in the construction of the dagger, making it one of the most valuable knives made in recent years.
Warenski began making knives as a hobby in 1966 after seeing a picture of a knife made by Gil Hibben. Warenski made his first knife from a file and took it to show Hibben; after seeing Hibben's finished knives, he toured Hibben's shop and learned some basic techniques from him. In June of 1972 he was hired by Harvey Draper to grind blades and assist him at Draper Knives, but the operation went bankrupt by December of the same year. Warenski became a full time knifemaker in 1975. He was a president of the Knifemakers' Guild for 2 terms and a Blade Magazine member of the Cutlery Hall of Fame.

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Caravaggio
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (Italian pronunciation: [karaˈvaddʒo]; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on the Baroque school of painting.

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Chris Reeve
Chris Reeve is an American knife maker, recognized as one of the most influential people in knife making history. Reeve founded Chris Reeve Knives (CRK), and is co-owner of the company with his wife, Anne Reeve.
Christopher Stanley Reeve was born on December 4, 1953, in Durban, South Africa. His original vocation was that of tool and die making. Reeve trained at the Pineware Manufacturing Company, serving a 4 year tool and die making apprenticeship that finished in 1978. Reeve credits his experience in tool and die for developing his grinding skills and giving him the manufacturing and materials knowledge he needed to jumpstart him in professional knife making.
As a young man, Reeve’s spare time was largely spent engaged in motorcycle racing. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he was a regular competitor in South Africa’s Grand Prix motorcycle racing circuit. Unlike many of his competitors, Reeve did not have corporate funding.^{[citation needed]} As a result, Reeve used the highly competitive race setting to hone his problem-solving skills, custom tuning his motorcycle with components often designed and fabricated in his own shop.

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Cliff dwelling
Cliff dwelling is the general archaeological term for the habitations of prehistorical peoples, formed by using niches or caves in high cliffs, with more or less excavation or with additions in the way of masonry.
Two special sorts of cliff-dwelling are distinguished by archaeologists;
Some of the most famous of these are the North American cliff-dwellings, particularly among the canyons of the southwest, in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and Chihuahua in Mexico, some of which are still used by Native Americans. There has been considerable discussion as to their antiquity, but modern research finds no definite justification for assigning them to a distinct primitive race, or farther back than the ancestors of the modern Pueblo people. The area in which they occur coincides with that in which other traces of the Pueblo tribes have been found. The niches which were used are often of considerable size, occurring in cliffs to a thousand feet in height, and approached by rock steps or log ladders.

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Daniel Winkler
Daniel Winkler is an American award-winning custom knifemaker based in Blowing Rock, North Carolina, USA. Winkler is a certified Mastersmith with the American Bladesmith Society and designed and built the knives and tomahawks for the 1992 motion picture: The Last of the Mohicans.
Winkler designed the Sayoc-Winkler "R&D Hawk" in conjunction with Sayoc Tactical Group Tomahawk Instructor Rafael Kayanan as a tomahawk for modern military applications.

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Ernest Emerson
Ernest R. Emerson (born March 7, 1955) is an American custom knifemaker, martial artist, and edged-weapons expert. Originally an engineer and machinist in the aerospace industry, Emerson became a knifemaker by producing knives for a martial arts class and making art knives early in his knifemaking career. In the 1980's he became better known for his combat knives and popularizing a style of knife known as the Tactical-folder.
In order to secure military contracts, Emerson eventually founded Emerson Knives, Inc a production company to mass-produce his designs in 1996. Emerson's knives have been displayed as museum pieces, designed for use by Navy SEALs and used by NASA in outer space.
Emerson's knives have been featured in films and novels, due to their association with military units. This has furthered their popularity with collectors.
Emerson is an accomplished martial artist who has developed a combatives system, Emerson Combat Systems, which has been taught to police officers, military units, and civilians.

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Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.

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Gil Hibben
Gil Hibben (born September 4, 1935) is an American custom knifemaker from Wyoming who is based in La Grange, Kentucky. Hibben designed the first line of Browning hunting knives in 1968, the American Kenpo Knife for Ed Parker, and the Rambo Knife for the films Rambo III and Rambo. Hibben's "Fantasy Knives" have been used in over 37 films and television shows, particularly science fiction, earning him the title "Klingon Armorer" from the Star Trek franchise. Hibben currently serves as a President of the Knifemakers' Guild, a post he has held for five years.
Hibben was born in Wyoming in 1935. Unable to afford a Bowie knife at age 15, Hibben decided to make his own out of scrap metal and files. He did not make another knife until his discharge from the US Navy in 1956 when he took a job in Seattle, Washington as a machinist for Boeing Aircraft and started making knives in his spare time after he sold another handmade Bowie knife to a friend for $45.
In 1964, Hibben relocated to Sandy, Utah to become a full-time knifemaker. His blades were primarily 440C stainless steel and Hibben was the first knife maker to use that steel in his knives. While in Sandy, Hibben partnered with another knifemaker named Stuart Benedict and these knives were sold under the name "Ben-Hibben". The knives from this time period were fixed-blade Bowie knives, hunting knives, fishing knives and some early fighting knives.

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Great house
A great house is a large and stately residence; the term encompasses different styles of dwelling in different countries. The name refers to the makeup of the household rather than to any particular architectural style. It particularly refers to large households of times past in Anglophone countries (especially those of the turn of the 20th century, i.e., the late Victorian or Edwardian era in the United Kingdom and the Gilded Age in the United States), such as the English country house, the "stately homes of England" and the homes of various "millionaires' row" (or "millionaires' mile") in some U.S. cities such as Newport, Rhode Island, with luxurious appointments and great retinues of indoor and outdoor staff. By some reports, the summer homes of the wealthy at Newport averaged four servants per family member. There was often an elaborate hierarchy among staff, domestic workers in particular. In Ireland, the term big house is usual for the houses of the Anglo-Irish ascendancy.
It was considered declassé to refer to one's own townhouses, estates or villas (or those of friends) as mansions and modern etiquette books still advise that the terms house, big house or great house be used instead.

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Inuit
The Inuit (Inuktitut: ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, "People") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada, the United States, and Russia. Inuit is a collective noun; the singular is "Inuk". The Inuit language is grouped under the Eskimo-Aleut family.
In the United States, the term Eskimo is commonly used in reference to these groups, because it includes both of Alaska's Yupik and Inupiat peoples while "Inuit" is not proper or accepted as a term for the Inupiat. No collective term exists for both peoples other than "Eskimo". However, natives in Canada and Greenland view the name as pejorative and "Inuit" has become more common. In Canada, sections 25 and 35 of the Constitution Act of 1982 named the "Inuit" as a distinctive group of aboriginal Canadians who are not included under either the First Nations or the Métis.
The Inuit live throughout most of the Canadian Arctic and subarctic in the territory of Nunavut; "Nunavik" in the northern third of Quebec; "Nunatsiavut" and "Nunatukavut" in Labrador; and in various parts of the Northwest Territories, particularly around the Arctic Ocean. These areas are known in Inuktitut as the "Inuit Nunangat". In the United States, Inupiat live on the North Slope in Alaska and on Little Diomede Island. In Russia, they live on Big Diomede Island. The Kalaallit and other natives of Greenland are the descendants of migrations from Canada and are citizens of Denmark, although not of the European Union.

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Jacal
The jacal is an adobe style housing structure historically found throughout parts of the south-western United States and Mexico. The structure was employed by some Native people of the Americas prior to European colonization and was later employed by both Hispanic and Anglo settlers in Texas and elsewhere.
Typically, a jacal would consist of slim close-set poles tied together and filled out with mud, clay and grasses. More sophisticated structures, such as those constructed by the Anasazi, incorporated adobe bricks—sun-baked mud and sandstone.
Jacal construction is similar to wattle and daub. However, the "wattle" portion of jacal structures consists mainly of vertical poles lashed together with cordage and sometimes supported by a pole framework, as in the pit-houses of the Basketmaker III period of the Ancestral Puebloan (aka Anasazi) Indians of the American Southwest. This is overlain with a layer of mud/adobe (the "daub"), sometimes applied over a middle layer of dry grasses or brush which functions as insulation.

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Jerry Fisk
Jerry Fisk is an American bladesmith based in Nashville, Arkansas. Fisk was named a National Living Treasure in 1998 by the University of North Carolina at Wilmington’s Museum of World Cultures.
Fisk began making knives in 1974 and became a Journeyman Smith through the American Bladesmith Society in 1987. Two years later he became the 17th Master Smith recognized by the ABS. Fisk has received Beretta's Outstanding Award for Achievement in Handcrafted Cutlery, the Bill Moran Award for the ABS 1990 Knife of the Year, the Arkansas Governor’s Award and currently holds the title of National Living Treasure, the first knifemaker to receive this title.
Fisk produces Bowie knives, hunting knives and daggers using mammoth bone, gold wire inlay and Damascus steel which he forges, himself.
Fisk has served on the governing board of the ABS, was inducted into the Bladesmith Hall of Fame, and developed the Bladesmithing School in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

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Jimmy Lile
James Buel Lile, known as Jimmy Lile or The Arkansas Knifesmith (August 22, 1933 – May 5, 1991), was a knifemaker from Russellville in Pope County, Arkansas, who made the Rambo Knife for the films First Blood and Rambo: First Blood Part II. As a knifemaker Lile served as a President of the Knifemakers' Guild and on the Board of Directors of the American Bladesmith Society.
A Russellville native, Lile was the son of a coal miner. He made his first knife at the age of eleven by grinding an old file into a blade. He spent his young adult life working as a high school teacher, serving in the United States Army, and as a construction contractor.
In 1971, Lile became a full-time knifemaker and was known as "Gentleman Lile" or "The Arkansas Knifemaker". He was particularly known for his Survival knife designs known as "The Mission" series, created by request for Sylvester Stallone to use in his first two Rambo movies. These designs would go on to influence other knife makers in the 1980s. In addition to creating the Rambo knives, Lile designed and made several Bowie knives that he presented to Governor Bill Clinton and U.S. Presidents Ronald Reagan, Richard Nixon, and Gerald R. Ford, Jr. Other owners of his work included John Wayne, Peter Fonda, Fess Parker, Bo Derek, and Johnny Cash.

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Jody Samson
Jody Samson (November 1, 1946-December 27, 2008) was a knifemaker and bladesmith from Burbank, California who designed butterfly knives for Benchmade and the swords used in such movies as Conan the Barbarian, Conan the Destroyer, First Knight, The Mask of Zorro, Blade, Blind Fury, Batman & Robin, Batman Forever, and Streets of Fire.
Samson learned knife making and bladesmithing from John Nelson Cooper, a veteran knife maker located in Burbank, California, in 1969. Samson began making knives full-time in 1974. Soon after, he was hired by Les DeAsis of Bali-Song (now Benchmade) as a knife designer. Les deAsis credits Samson with grinding every custom balisong knife produced by Benchmade, Pacific Cutlery, and Bali-Song from 1979 to 1994. Samson's first design won Blade magazine's Knife of the Year award in 1979. The following year, Samson unveiled his "Wee-hawk" blade profile which was made by Benchmade for years.
Samson designed and built the swords, knives, and daggers used in a number of films including Conan the Barbarian, Conan the Destroyer, Blind Fury, and Streets of Fire while he was working for Benchmade.

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John Nelson Cooper
John Nelson Cooper (1906-1987) was a custom knifemaker who was a founding member of the Knifemakers' Guild. He was a mentor to Jody Samson and made knives for over 60 years.
Cooper began making utility knives and butcher knives in Tremont, Pennsylvania in 1924 while working as a welder. Eventually he moved on to welding in the Virginia shipyards and began making hunting knives, fishing knives and combat knives as a second business. Cooper's knives were made by the stock removal method and he attached his handles using traditional methods such as rivets and pins until 1965 when he retired from welding and relocated to Burbank, California as a full-time knifemaker with his nephew, Greorge Cooper as Cooper Knives.
Cooper noticed that his traditional methods of knife making could leave gaps between blade, guard, and handle material where water or blood could collect and eventually corrode the knife. He developed a new method of construction which made the knife and handle into a solid, bonded unit by welding, brazing, and using epoxy. He patented these ideas in 1967 (3481038) and 1971 (3595104).

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Ken Onion
Ken Onion (born January 16, 1963) is an American award-winning custom knifemaker based in Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA who invented the "SpeedSafe" assisted opening mechanism for Kershaw Knives. Ken Onion was the Premier Knife Designer for Kershaw Knives.
As a US Marine, Onion devised a helicopter mechanism that was adopted for use by the military. In 1989, Ken’s wife, Noel, made arrangements through a friend for Onion to meet custom knife maker, Stanley Fujisaka. The two became friends and Onion learned his basic knifemaking skills from Stanley, building his first knife in 1991. Five years later, in 1996, Doug Flagg, then with Kershaw Knives met Onion while calling on an account for Kershaw and the two discussed an arrangement for the assisted-opening mechanism, which led to a contract. This contract led to Kershaw expanding its factory and number of employees to accommodate the demand for these knives.
Onion holds 36 design patents on different items including locks, mechanisms, and knife designs. Most notable of these is the Speed-safe mechanism used by Kershaw Knives. For these many designs and his work throughout the cutlery industry promoting the art of knife making, Onion was inducted into the Blade Magazine Cutlery Hall of Fame at the 2008 Blade Show in Atlanta, Georgia as the 45th and youngest living member.

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Kiva
A kiva is a room used by modern Puebloans for religious rituals, many of them associated with the kachina belief system. Among the modern Hopi and most other Pueblo peoples, kivas are square-walled and underground, and are used for spiritual ceremonies.
Similar subterranean rooms are found among ruins in the American southwest, indicating ritual or cultural use by the ancient peoples of the region including the Ancient Pueblo Peoples, the Mogollon and the Hohokam. Those used by the ancient Pueblos of the Pueblo I Era and following, designated by the Pecos Classification system developed by archaeologists, were usually round, and generally believed to have been used for religious and other communal purposes.
When designating an ancient room as a kiva, archaeologists make assumptions about the room's original functions and how those functions may be similar to or differ from kivas used in modern practice. The kachina belief system appears to have emerged in the Southwest at approximately AD 1250, while kiva like structures occurred much earlier. This suggests that the room's older functions may have been changed or adapted to suit the new religious practice.

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Navajo pueblitos
The term Navajo Pueblitos, also known as Dinétah Pueblitos, refers to a class of archaeological sites that are found in the northwestern corner of the American state of New Mexico. The sites generally consist of relatively small stone and timber structures which are believed to have been built by the Navajo people in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
The sites are located within the cultural area known as the Dinétah, the traditional homeland of the Navajo tribe of Native Americans. Pueblitos are generally found in defensible locations along mesa rims and on isolated outcrops and boulders. The structures themselves can consist of from one to six rooms, and take the form of multi-storied towers, cliff dwellings, and fort-like enclosures.
The majority of pueblito sites are located on lands administered by the United States Bureau of Land Management in Rio Arriba and San Juan counties, New Mexico. Pueblitos, as well as a large number of other early Navajo sites are clustered in the Largo and Gobernador canyons, which drain in a north and westerly direction to the San Juan River.

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Phill Hartsfield
Phill Hartsfield (1932-May 20, 2010) was a Southern California sword and knifemaker based in Garden Grove, California who is noted for popularizing the chisel ground blade in the western world. Hartsfield's designs have influenced other knifemakers, primarily Ernest Emerson.
Hartsfield joined the US Navy at 17 and served as a SONAR technician. After serving 4 years, he was discharged and worked as a television repairman. After six months of working for a repairshop, Hartsfield opened his own repairshop at the age of 22 while making knives part-time. In 1977, he closed his TV repair business and became a full-time knifemaker.
Hartsfield's blades are Japanese-influenced, each one was hand ground from A2 tool steel, and differentially edge hardened to RC 60-61 on the Rockwell scale with the remainder of the blade hardened to 58-59 on the scale to allow for flex during the cut. This strength protected the life of a Special Forces advisor in El Salvador when a Hartsfield knife stopped a 7.62x51mm NATO rifle bullet fired by a guerrilla. Hartdfield's blades were zero-ground, meaning there is no secondary bevel edge on the knife which allows the knife to cut without parasitic drag.

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Ralph Osterhout
Ralph Osterhout is an inventor, designer and entrepreneur. During his 40+ year career he has developed a range of products spanning toys, consumer electronics, dive equipment, furniture to devices for the Department of Defense.
Ralph Osterhout was born in Seattle, Washington in 1946 and moved to Santa Cruz, California at the age of 1. He attended Soquel High School graduating in 1964 and later went on to San Jose State University graduating in 1969.
A pivotal point in Osterhout’s life was at the 1969 boat show, where he showcased the first of a kind diver propulsion vehicle (DPV) named the MK I. The Navy subsequently purchased the MK II in 1970. With the purchase of the DPV, Osterhout founded the scuba equipment company Farallon Industries and began a career in product development and design.
High Tech Product Design - CEO/Founder. 1999 to Present.
Sr. VP - Advanced Technology Group, corporate wide. 2003 to 2008.
Defense Contractor - CEO/Founder. 2000 to 2003.
Products:
Consumer Electronics - CEO/Founder. 1990 to 1999.

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Rex Applegate
Rex Applegate (June 21, 1914–July 14, 1998) was an American military officer who worked for the Office of Strategic Services, where he trained Allied special forces personnel in close-quarters combat during World War II. He held the rank of colonel.
Applegate was born on June 21, 1914 in Oregon. He was a descendant of Charles Applegate, who blazed the Oregon Trail in 1843 with his brothers Jesse and Lindsay and established the Applegate Trail. Applegate began hunting and shooting at a young age and learned marksmanship from his uncle Gus Peret who was a famed exhibition shooter and professional hunter at the time. Applegate graduated from the University of Oregon with a Business Degree in 1940 and went on to take a commission in the US Army as a Second Lieutenant. His first billet was with the 209th Military Police Company as a lung ailment kept him from holding a combat position.
In 1941 Applegate was developing armed and unarmed close quarter combat courses for the US Army when he was recruited by Wild Bill Donovan for the OSS, specifically to build and run what was called "The School for Spies and Assassins", the location of which is now Camp David. Donovan had Applegate learn all that he could about armed and unarmed fighting to form a brutal and effective system. He was the close-combat coordinator for all clandestine missions and this role brought him into contact with other fighters and martial artists of the time period such as a Finnish soldier who killed 21 Russians with a knife and the founder of the British SAS: David Stirling.

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Robert Terzuola
Robert G. Terzuola is an American knife maker who popularized the type of knife known as the tactical folding knife.
Terzuola was born in Brooklyn, New York and attended New York University. Upon graduation in 1967 he went to Panama as a Peace Corps trainer and later became a jade carver and gemologist in the Motagua river valley, Guatemala. By 1979, Terzuola began making knives and in 1981 joined the Knifemakers' Guild on an endorsement from Bob Loveless.
Terzuola's first knives were fixed blade designs, made for soldiers in Guatemala. In 1981 he relocated to Santa Fe, New Mexico and began making folding knives. Seeing a need for a knife that could be carried discreetly he developed a model using black micarta for the scales and bead-blasted titanium bolsters; for this effort he coined the term "Tactical Knife".
Terzuola's most popular model is the ATCF, a linerlock folding knife. This was his first tactical folding knife, although he makes it with non-tactical materials on occasion with ivory or stag scales and damascus steel blades.

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Tumulus
A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A cairn (a mound of stones built for various purposes), might also be originally a tumulus. A long barrow is a long tumulus, usually for numbers of burials.
The method of inhumation may involve a dolmen, a cist, a mortuary enclosure, a mortuary house or a chamber tomb. Examples of barrows include Duggleby Howe and Maeshowe.
The word tumulus is Latin for 'mound' or 'small hill', from the PIE root *teuh₂- with extended zero grade *tum-, 'to bulge, swell' also found in tumor, thumb, thigh and thousand.
The funeral of Patroclus is described in book 23 of the Iliad. Patroclus is burned on a pyre, and his bones are collected into a golden urn in two layers of fat. The barrow is built on the location of the pyre. Achilles then sponsors funeral games, consisting of a chariot race, boxing, wrestling, running, a duel between two champions to the first blood, discus throwing, archery and spear throwing.

wn.com/Tumulus
William Scagel
William Wales Scagel or Bill Scagel (February 12, 1873 – March 26, 1963) was a knifemaker whose style had a profound impact on the cutlery trade, influencing it for over 100 years.
Born near Alpena, Michigan and raised in Canada, Scagel began making knives in 1910 while working at lumber camps throughout Michigan and Canada. Prior to this he worked as a bridgebuilder and an artist in wrought iron. In 1920, after his shop in Muskegon, Michigan burned down he settled in nearby Fruitport and built a new shop on a piece of land he named "Dogwood Nub" which began his long full-time career of making knives, axes, cookware, and boats.
From 1920 through 1929 Scagel sold his knives through Abercrombie & Fitch of New York and their subsidiaries such as Von Lengerke & Antoine. Scagel made hunting knives, machetes, and axes for the expeditions of the Smithsonian Institution. Scagel made a variety of knives throughout his career including Bowie knives, fighting knives, and pocketknives. One of the rarest of Scagel's knives is his personal hunting knife pattern, a fixed blade drop-point hunter with a secondary folding spey-blade in the handle. Valued at over $15,000, seven of the twelve made are accounted for in private collections.

wn.com/William_Scagel

The Knife - Heartbeats ( OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO W/ SOUND )

Music video for The Knife's "Heartbeats." Directed by Johannes Nyholm, Andreas Nilsson, Bo...

published: 06 Dec 2009

author: PwningVidViewer

PASS THIS ON

Dir. Johan Renck / music The Knife / Sweden / 2003 It is the annual meeting for the local ...

published: 18 Dec 2008

author: futureshorts

The Knife - Full Of Fire - Official video

'Full Of Fire' a short film by Marit Östberg*. Music by The Knife This April The Knife rel...

published: 28 Jan 2013

author: TheKnifeMusic

The Knife - Live - Heartbeats

Gothenburg, Sweden, April 12th 2006...

published: 28 Feb 2007

author: alexidane

The Knife - Pass This On (Official Music Video)

...

published: 19 Oct 2010

author: ZajebisteX

Grizzly Bear - Knife

www.encyclopediapictura.com...

published: 09 Feb 2007

author: demarothy

ROCKWELL-KNIFE

VIDEO EXELENTE...

published: 01 Aug 2007

author: Juan Torres

Annoying Orange - No More Mr. Knife Guy

Orange has a face to face confrontation with...KNIFE! FREE version of my video game Kitche...

published: 01 Oct 2010

author: realannoyingorange

"Knife Guys" Will Ferrell and Ryan Gosling

Jimmy Kimmel Live - "Knife Guys" Will Ferrell and Ryan Gosling Jimmy Kimmel Live's YouTube...

published: 10 Jan 2013

author: JimmyKimmelLive

The Knife- Full of Fire

The Knife-Full of Fire www.facebook.com/StephenDFerrisartwork www.stephendferrisartwork.we...

published: 25 Jan 2013

author: Jimenez Jose

Knife Party - Rage Valley

Available now: s.beatport.com - Rage Valley by Knife Party. Become a fan of Knife Party: w...

published: 28 May 2012

author: UKFMusic

Knife Party - Internet Friends

Become a fan of Knife Party: www.facebook.com Follow Knife Party on Twitter: twitter.com P...

published: 14 Aug 2011

author: KnifePartyHD

Knife Party - Centipede (Official Video)

Available to buy now: smarturl.it Become a fan of Knife Party: www.facebook.com Follow Kni...

published: 08 Aug 2012

author: UKFDubstep

Knife Party - Centipede

Available to buy now: s.beatport.com - Centipede by Knife Party. Become a fan of Knife Par...

published: 27 May 2012

author: UKFDubstep

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photo: AP / Ugarit News via AP video

This image taken from video obtained from Ugarit News on Thursday, Feb. 7, 2013, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, purports to show Syrian soldiers dancing to Usher's hit song "Yeah!"

Amid a Bloody War, Syrian Videos Show a Glimpse of Fun

The New York Times

09 Feb 2013

BEIRUT, Lebanon — The video has gone viral in recent days. Syrian government soldiers, in camouflage gear, carrying rocket-propelled grenades and brandishing rifles, mugging for the camera while dancing in a circle to Usher’s hit song “Yeah!”. Enlarge This Image. Ugarit News, via Associated Press. In a video posted online, Syrian soldiers chant and dance to Usher’s hit song “Yeah!”. Related. U.N ... Twitter List ... Raw ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)

photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb

File - Palestinian Salafis "al-Qaeda" burning U.S. and Israeli flags as they burn an image of U.S. President Barack Obama during a protest against what they said was a film being produced in the U.S. that was insulting to the Prophet Mohammad in Rafah in southern Gaza Strip on September 14, 2012.

Tide of Salafism threatens the Arab spring

Mail Guardian South Africa

10 Feb 2013

A protester holds a banner reading "Be careful Mr President Hollande, Tunisia is not Mali" at a demonstration in Tunis on February 9. (AP). More Coverage. Late last year, largely unnoticed in the West, Tunisia's president, Moncef Marzouki, gave an interview to Chatham House's The World Today ... "We didn't realise how dangerous and violent these Salafists could be ... They are a tiny minority within a tiny minority ... Threats ... ....(size: 13.5Kb)

photo: AP / Jerome Delay

A Malian soldier takes cover behind a truck during exchanges of fire with jihadists in Gao, northern Mali, Sunday, Feb. 10, 2013.

Militants Battle Malian and French Troops in Liberated Town

The New York Times

10 Feb 2013

DAKAR, Senegal — Gunfire rang out in the streets of the strategic city of Gao in northern Mali on Sunday, two weeks after French troops appeared to have chased radical Islamists out of the city, which is at the edge of the desert and is the largest population center in the north. Multimedia. Interactive Feature. Turmoil in the Sahara. Related. Mali War Shifts as Rebels Hide in High Sahara (February 10, 2013) ... Twitter List ... Mr ...   ... ....(size: 9.1Kb)

photo: AP / Elaine Thompson

A Boeing 777-367 (ER) Cathay Pacific jet is guided to a parking spot by a marshaller at Paine Field Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2013, in Everett, Wash.

Boeing 787 on test flight, 1st since grounding

Jakarta Post

10 Feb 2013

Boeing sent a 787 up on a test flight Saturday, the first since the new airliner was grounded three weeks ago because of a battery fire ... The plan was to spend two and a half hours in the air ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)

photo: AP / Marcio Jose Sanchez

Nigeria supporters root for their team as it plays Costa Rica during the FIFA U20 World Cup soccer tournament in Victoria, Canada, Sunday, July 1, 2007. Decked out in green-and-white striped toques and matching T-shirts, 90 members of the Nigeria Football Supporters' Club followed their men's youth team all the way from western Africa to Victoria for the tournament.

Burkina Faso v Nigeria - African Nations Cup final teams

FourFourTwo

10 Feb 2013

Top scorer Emenike fails to make final for Nigeria. Africa Cup of Nations 7 minutes ago. Burkina Faso v Nigeria - African Nations Cup final teams. Africa Cup of Nations 21 minutes ago. Blatter angry with UEFA over declaration on FIFA reforms. Rest of Europe 1 hours ago. Mali bank on Keita to deliver first World Cup place. Africa Cup of Nations 1 hours ago. Nigeria start favourites in African Nations Cup final ... Rest of Europe Yesterday, 22.28....(size: 6.8Kb)

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Man allegedly threatened officer with bayonet, knife

NZ Herald

11 Feb 2013

A man who was Tasered after allegedly threatening police officers with a bayonet and knife was given a registrar's remand today ... with a bayonet and a knife....(size: 0.8Kb)

Man suspected of five armed robberies at service stations in Melbourne's northwest

The Daily Telegraph Australia

11 Feb 2013

In each robbery a man armed with a knife has held up service stations in Sunbury, Woodend and Sydenham, escaping with a small amount of cash each time ... Knife bandit robs servo ......(size: 1.4Kb)

Basketball: Riot police called in during Greek final

NZ Herald

11 Feb 2013

Fighting between fans marred the Greek Cup basketball final Sunday, won by Panathinaikos over Olympiakos, with riot police called in after two players were hurt, one with a knife thrown from the stands....(size: 1.1Kb)

Throat-slitter acted in self-defence: lawyer

Canberra Times

11 Feb 2013

A man linked to an outlaw motorcycle club has admitted to slashing a friend's throat but claims it was in self- defence ... Mr Hinchliffe had then used a kitchen knife to slit his throat, inflicting a life-threatening injury, she said. There was also mention of a gun shot during the altercation ... In his opening address Mr Levy said Mr Hinchliffe defended himself with the kitchen knife after Mr Williams charged at him with a broken bottle ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

Kurt Weill revived: the return of the Mack

Irish Times

11 Feb 2013

1234. Dagmar Manzel in The Seven Deadly Sins at the Komische Oper Berlin ... Thanks to Bobby Darin and a catchy four-note hook – da-da-daa-daa – Mack the Knife is one of the most recognisable songs in popular music ... The show’s vicious slice of street life, revolving around the gentleman crook Mackie Messer – or Mack the Knife – struck a nerve in the seething chaos of 1920s Berlin ... Mack the Knife, Bobby Darin ... ....(size: 8.0Kb)

Striving for an education, struggling with poverty

Times Union

11 Feb 2013

ALBANY. Sophia Joseph kneeled on the floor of the principal's office and begged for help ... Today, she is most concerned with the paperwork detailing the reasons Khasier was suspended from fifth grade for bringing a knife to school ... Khasier speaks softly, with a furrowed brow, when he explains what happened with the knife ... The knife got him thrown off the basketball team, which had helped motivate him to keep up with his school work ... ....(size: 9.7Kb)

Man shot by police after killing dog in violent confrontation

The Australian

11 Feb 2013

Officers were called to the house in Excalibur Circle, Camillo aboiut 11.30pm and were confronted with a man who had just killed a dog with a knife ...   ... ....(size: 1.1Kb)

Pensioner's teen killers to appeal sentences

The Daily Telegraph Australia

11 Feb 2013

The teens, who can only be identified as B and J, broke into 87-year old Ms Redman's Yacca Rd home on Australia Day eve 2011 before assaulting and murdering her with a blunt hunting knife ...  . ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Five hold-ups trigger hunt for bandit

Canberra Times

11 Feb 2013

The same man may have been responsible for five service station robberies across Melbourne's north-west recently, Victoria Police believe ... In each hold-up the offender has been armed with a knife and escaped with a small amount of cash ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)

Taumarunui gunman in court

Stuff

11 Feb 2013

... a $3000 vehicle belonging to the Salvation Army, using a .22 rifle to commit a theft and using a knife to rob a man of his Toyota Landcruiser Prada after Sunday's incident....(size: 0.9Kb)

Man charged over Scarborough stabbing

The Daily Telegraph Australia

11 Feb 2013

Police will allege the 21-year-old victim was stabbed in the neck with a large carving knife about 2.30pm at a property in Helmsley Street ... Police have charged a 32-year-old Atwell man over the incident ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Healdsburg man accused of threatening driver

The Press Democrat

11 Feb 2013

A 23-year-old Healdsburg man ......(size: 0.1Kb)

Toy Fair 2013: McFarlane's Walking Dead - The Governor, Michonne, Merle, Carl, and More!

IMDb

11 Feb 2013

... Season 3, and this time he is re-armed and ready for action! This action figure comes with 20 points of articulation, prosthetic arm w/removable bayonet, assault rifle, pistol and knife....(size: 1.0Kb)

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For other uses, see Knife (disambiguation).

A Bowie-class knife of pattern-welded steel

A butter knife resting on a stand

A knife (plural knives) is a cutting tool with an exposed cutting edge or blade, hand-held or otherwise, with or without a handle. Knife-like tools were used at least two-and-a-half million years ago, as evidenced by the Oldowan tools.^[1]^[2] Originally made of rock, flint, and obsidian, knives have evolved in construction as technology has, with blades being made from bronze, copper, iron, steel, ceramics, and titanium. Many cultures have their unique version of the knife. Due to its role as humankind's first tool, certain cultures have attached spiritual and religious significance to the knife.^[3]

Most modern-day knives follow either a fixed-blade or a folding construction style, with blade patterns and styles as varied as their makers and countries of origin.

1 Materials, features, and construction
2 Types of knives
3 Rituals and superstitions
4 Legislation
5 Further reading
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Materials, features, and construction [link]

Main article: Knife making

Today, knives come in many forms but can be generally categorized between two broad types: fixed blade knives and folding, or pocket knives.

Characteristic parts of a knife

Parts of a knife [link]

Modern knives consist of a blade (1) and handle (2). The blade edge can be plain or serrated or a combination of both. The handle, used to grip and manipulate the blade safely, may include the tang, a portion of the blade that extends into the handle. Knives are made with partial tangs (extending part way into the handle, known as a "Stick Tang") or full tangs (extending the full length of the handle, often visible on top and bottom). The handle can include a bolster, which is a piece of material used to balance the knife, usually brass or other metal, at the front of the handle where it meets the blade. The blade consists of (3) the point – the end of the knife used for piercing; (4) the edge – the cutting surface of the knife extending from the point to the heel; (5), the grind, the cross section shape of the blade; (6) the spine – the thickest section of the blade; (7), the fuller, the groove added to lighten the blade; (8) the ricasso, the flat section of the blade located at the junction of the blade and the knife's bolster or guard; (9) the guard, the barrier between the blade and the handle which prevents the hand from slipping forward onto the blade, and (10) the end of the handle, or butt. A choil, where the blade is unsharpened and possibly indented as it meets the handle, may be used to prevent scratches to the handle when sharpening or as a forward-finger grip. The knife's handle or butt may allow a lanyard (11) to be used to secure the knife to the wrist, or a portion of the tang to protrude as a striking surface for hitting or glass breaking.^[4] Single edged knives may uitilze a reverse edge or false edge, in which the forward section of the knife's spine (opposing the sharpened edge) is thinned and left unsharpened.

Blade [link]

Main article: Blade

Knife blade mass production.

Knife blades can be manufactured from a variety of materials, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Carbon steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, can be very sharp, hold its edge well, and remain easy to sharpen, but is vulnerable to rust and stains. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, possibly nickel, and molybdenum, with only a small amount of carbon. It is not able to take quite as sharp an edge as carbon steel, but is highly resistant to corrosion. High carbon stainless steel is stainless steel with a higher amount of carbon, intended to incorporate the better attributes of carbon steel and stainless steel. High carbon stainless steel blades do not discolor or stain, and maintain a sharp edge. Laminate blades use multiple metals to create a layered sandwich, combining the attributes of both. For example, a harder, more brittle steel may be sandwiched between an outer layer of softer, tougher, stainless steel to reduce vulnerability to corrosion. In this case, however, the part most affected by corrosion, the edge, is still vulnerable. Pattern-welding is similar to laminate construction. Layers of different steel types are welded together, but then the stock is manipulated to create patterns in the steel. Titanium is a metal that has a better strength-to-weight ratio, is more wear resistant, and more flexible than steel. Although less hard and unable to take as sharp an edge, carbides in the titanium alloy allow them to be heat-treated to a sufficient hardness. Ceramic blades are hard, brittle, and lightweight: they may maintain a sharp edge for years with no maintenance at all, but are as fragile as glass and will break if dropped on a hard surface. They are immune to common corrosion, and can only be sharpened on silicon carbide sandpaper and some grinding wheels. Plastic blades are not especially sharp and typically serrated. They are often disposable.^[5]

Knife-blades have different profiles.

Steel blades are commonly shaped by forging or stock removal. Forged blades are made by heating a single piece of steel, then shaping the metal while hot using a hammer or press. Stock removal blades are shaped by grinding and removing metal. With both methods, after shaping, the steel must be heat treated. This involves heating the steel above its critical point, then quenching the blade to harden it. After hardening, the blade is tempered to remove stresses and make the blade tougher. Mass manufactured kitchen cutlery uses both the forging and stock removal processes. Forging tends to be reserved for manufacturers' more expensive product lines, and can often be distinguished from stock removal product lines by the presence of an integral bolster, though integral bolsters can be crafted through either shaping method.

Knives are sharpened in various ways. Flat ground blades have a profile that tapers from the thick spine to the sharp edge in a straight or convex line. Seen in cross section, the blade would form a long, thin triangle, or where the taper does not extend to the back of the blade, a long thin rectangle with one peaked side. Hollow ground blades have concave, beveled edges. The resulting blade has a thinner edge, so it may have better cutting ability for shallow cuts, but it is lighter and less durable than flat ground blades and will tend to bind in deep cuts.^{[citation needed]} Serrated blade knives have a wavy, scalloped or saw-like blade. Serrated blades are more well suited for tasks that require aggressive 'sawing' motions, whereas plain edge blades are better suited for tasks that require push-through cuts (e.g., shaving, chopping, slicing).

Fixed blade features [link]

A fixed blade knife, sometimes called a sheath knife, does not fold or slide, and is typically stronger due to the tang, the extension of the blade into the handle, and lack of moving parts.

Folding blade features [link]

A pocket knife of Swiss army type.

Main article: Pocket knife

A folding knife connects the blade to the handle through a pivot, allowing the blade to fold into the handle. To prevent injury to the knife user through the blade accidentally closing on the user's hand, folding knives typically have a locking mechanism. Different locking mechanisms are favored by various individuals for reasons such as perceived strength (lock safety), legality, and ease of use. Popular locking mechanisms include:

Slip joint – Found most commonly on traditional pocket knives, the opened blade does not lock, but is held in place by a spring device that allows the blade to fold if a certain amount of pressure is applied.
Lockback – Also known as the spine lock, the lockback includes a pivoted latch affixed to a spring, and can be disengaged only by pressing the latch down to release the blade.^[5]
Liner Lock – Invented by Michael Walker, uses a leaf spring-type liner within the groove of the handle that snaps into position under the blade when it is deployed. The lock is released by pushing the liner to the side, to allow the blade to return to its groove set into the handle.
Compression Lock – A variant of the Liner Lock, it uses a small piece of metal at the tip of the lock to lock into a small corresponding impression in the blade. This creates a lock that doesn't disengage when the blade is torqued, instead becoming more tightly locked. It is released by pressing the tab of metal to the side, to allow the blade to be placed into its grove set into the handle.
Frame Lock – Also known as the integral lock or monolock, this locking mechanism was invented by custom knifemaker Chris Reeve for the Sebenza as an update to the liner lock. The frame lock works in a manner similar to the liner lock but uses a partial cutout of the actual knife handle, rather than a separate liner inside the handle to hold the blade in place.
Collar lock – found on Opinel knives
Button Lock – Found mainly on automatic knives, this type of lock uses a small push-button to open and release the knife.

The Benchmade Axis Lock mechanism
Axis Lock – A locking mechanism exclusively licensed to the Benchmade Knife Company
Arc Lock – A locking mechanism exclusively licensed to SOG Specialty Knives.
Tri-Ad Lock – A locking mechanism exclusively licensed to Cold Steel.
PickLock – A round post on the back base of the blade locks into a hole in a spring tab in the handle. To close, manually lift (pick) the spring tab (lock) off the blade post with your fingers, or in "Italian Style Stilettos" swivel the bolster (hand guard) clockwise to lift the spring tab off the blade post.

Another prominent feature on many folding knives is the opening mechanism. Traditional pocket knives and Swiss Army Knives commonly employ the nail nick, while modern folding knives more often use a stud, hole, disk, or flipper located on the blade, all which have the benefit of allowing the user to open the knife with one hand. The wave feature is another prominent design, which uses a part of the blade that protrudes outward to catch on one's pocket as it is drawn, thus opening the blade; this was patented by Ernest Emerson and is not only used on many of the Emerson knives, but also on knives produced by Spyderco and Cold Steel as well.

Automatic or switchblade knives open using the stored energy from a spring that is released when the user presses a button or lever or other actuator built into the handle of the knife. Automatic knives are popular amongst law enforcement and military users for their ease of rapid deployment and their ability to be opened using only one hand.^{[citation needed]} Automatic knives are severely restricted by law in most American states.^[6]

Increasingly common are assisted opening knives which use springs to propel the blade once the user has moved it past a certain angle. These differ from automatic or switchblade knives in that the blade is not released by means of a button or catch on the handle; rather, the blade itself is the actuator. Most assisted openers use flippers as their opening mechanism. Assisted opening knives can be as fast or faster than automatic knives to deploy.

Sliding blade features [link]

An OTF knife, showing the sliding blade being extended from the handle.

Main article: Sliding knife

A sliding knife is a knife which can be opened by sliding the knife blade out the front of the handle. One method of opening is where the blade exits out the front of the handle point-first and then is locked into place (an example of this is the gravity knife). Another form is an O-T-F (out-the-front) switchblade, which only requires the push of a button or spring to cause the blade to slide out of the handle, and lock into place. To retract the blade back into the handle, a release lever or button, usually the same control as to open, is pressed. A very common form of sliding knife is the sliding utility knife (commonly known as a stanley knife or boxcutter).

Handle [link]

Main article: Handle (grip)

The handles of knives can be made from a number of different materials, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Handles are produced in a wide variety of shapes and styles. Handles are often textured to enhance grip.

Wood handles provide good grip and are warm in the hand, but are more difficult to care for. They do not resist water well, and will crack or warp with prolonged exposure to water. Modern stabilized and laminated woods have largely overcome these problems. Many beautiful and exotic hardwoods are employed in the manufacture of custom and some production knives. In some countries it is now forbidden for commercial butchers' knives to have wood handles, for sanitary reasons.^{[citation needed]}
Plastic handles are more easily cared for than wooden handles, but can be slippery and become brittle over time.^[3]
Injection molded handles made from higher grade plastics are composed of Polyphthalamide, and when marketed under trademarked names such as Zytel or Grivory, are reinforced with Kevlar or fiberglass. These are often used by major knife manufacturers.
Rubber handles such as Kraton or Resiprene-C are generally preferred over plastic due to their durable and cushioning nature.
Micarta is a popular handle material on user knives due to its toughness and stability. Micarta is nearly impervious to water, is grippy when wet, and is an excellent insulator. Micarta has come to refer to any fibrous material cast in resin. There are many varieties of micarta available. One very popular version is a fiberglass impregnated resin called G-10.
Leather handles are seen on some hunting and military knives, notably the KA-BAR. Leather handles are typically produced by stacking leather washers, or less commonly, as a sleeve surrounding another handle material.
Skeleton handles refers to the practice of using the tang itself as the handle, usually with sections of material removed to reduce weight. Skeleton handled knives are often wrapped with parachute cord or other wrapping materials to enhance grip.
Stainless steel and Aluminum handles are durable and sanitary, but can be slippery. To counter this, premium knife makers make handles with ridges, bumps, or indentations to provide extra grip. Another problem with knives that have metal handles is that, since metal is an excellent heat-conductor, these knives can be very uncomfortable, and even painful or dangerous, when handled without gloves or other protective handwear in (very) cold climates.

More exotic materials usually only seen on art or ceremonial knives include: Stone, bone, mammoth tooth, mammoth ivory, oosik (walrus penis bone), walrus tusk, antler (often called stag in a knife context), sheep horn, buffalo horn, teeth, mop (mother of pearl or "pearl") etc. Many materials have been employed in knife handles.

Types of knives [link]

For more details on the various types of knives, see Blade#Patterns of knife blades.

Knives as weapons [link]

As a weapon, the knife is universally adopted as an essential tool. It is the essential element of a knife fight. For example:

Ballistic knife: A specialized combat knife with a detachable gas- or spring-propelled blade that can be fired to a distance of several feet or meters by pressing a trigger or switch on the handle.
Bayonet: A knife-shaped close-quarters fighting weapon designed to attach to the muzzle of a rifle or similar weapon.
Combat knife: Any knife intended to be used by soldiers in the field, as a general-use tool, but also for fighting.
Dagger: A double-edged combat knife with a central spine and edges sharpened their full length, used primarily for stabbing. Variations include the Stiletto and Push dagger. See List of daggers for a more detailed list.
Fighting knife: A knife with a blade designed to inflict a lethal injury in a physical confrontation between two or more individuals at very short range (grappling distance). Well known examples include the Bowie knife and the Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife.
Rampuri: An Indian gravity knife of formidable reputation having a single edged blade roughly 9 to 12 inches long.
Shiv: A crudely made homemade knife out of everyday materials, especially prevalent in prisons among inmates. An alternate name in some prisons is Shank.
Throwing knife: A knife designed and weighted for throwing
Trench knife: Purpose-made or improvised knives, intended for close-quarter fighting, particularly in trench warfare characterized by a d-shaped integral hand guard.

Knives as utensils [link]

Table knives

A primary aspect of the knife as a tool includes dining, used either in food preparation or as cutlery. Examples of this include:

Bread knife: A knife with a serrated blade for cutting bread
Boning knife: A knife used for removing the bones of poultry, meat, and fish
Carving knife: A knife for carving large cooked meats such as poultry, roasts, hams
Chef's knife: Also known as a French knife, a cutting tool used in preparing food
Cleaver: A large knife that varies in its shape but usually resembles a rectangular-bladed hatchet. It is used mostly for hacking through bones as a kitchen knife or butcher knife, and can also be used for crushing via its broad side, typically garlic.
Butcher's Knife: A knife designed and used primarily for the butchering and/or dressing of animals.
Electric knife: An electrical device consisting of two serrated blades that are clipped together, providing a sawing action when powered on
Kitchen knife: Any knife, including the chef's knife, that is intended to be used in food preparation
Oyster knife: Has a short, thick blade for prying open oyster shells
Paring or Coring Knife: A knife with a small but sharp blade used for cutting out the cores from fruit.
Table knife or Case knife: A piece of cutlery, either a butter knife, Steak knife, or both, that is part of a table setting, accompanying the fork and spoon
Ulu: An Inuit woman's all-purpose knife

Knives as tools [link]

As a utility tool the knife can take many forms, including:^[5]

Diver's knife from Three bolt equipment

Balisong: A folding knife also known as a "butterfly knife" or "batangas", with two handles counter-rotating around the tang such that, when closed, the blade is hidden within the handles.
Bowie knife: Commonly, any large sheath knife, or a specific style of large knife popularized by Jim Bowie.
Diver's knife: A knife adapted for use in diving and water sports and a necessary part of standard diving dress.
Electrician's knife: A short-bladed knife used to cut electrical insulation.
Hunting knife: A knife used to dress large game.
Linoleum knife: is a small knife that has a short, stiff blade with a curved point and a handle and is used to cut linoleum or other sheet materials.
Machete: A large heavy knife used to cut through thick vegetation such as sugar cane or jungle undergrowth; it may be used as an offensive weapon.
Multitool: Customarily with a knife as its most elemental feature, these tools may include a variety of other tools. Made famous by the Swiss Army Knife.
Palette knife: A knife, or frosting spatula, lacking a cutting edge, used by artists for tasks such as mixing and applying paint and in cooking for spreading icing.
Paper knife: Or a "Letter Opener" it is a knife made of metal or plastic, used for opening mail.
Pocket knife: Also known as a "multi-tool" or "jackknife," a knife which may contain several folding blades, as well as other tools.
Produce knife: A knife with a rectangular profile and a blunt front edge used by grocers to cut produce.
Scalpel: A medical knife, used to perform surgery.
Straight razor: A reusable knife blade used for shaving hair.
Survival knife: A sturdy knife, sometimes with a hollow handle filled with survival equipment.
Switchblade: A knife with a folding blade that springs out of the grip when a button or lever on the grip is pressed.
Utility knife: A short knife with a replaceable triangular blade, used for cutting sheet materials including card stock, paperboard, and corrugated fiberboard
Wood carving knife: Knives used for wood carving, often with short, thin replaceable blades for better control.
X-Acto knife: A scalpel-like knife with a long handle and a replaceable pointed blade, used for precise, clean cutting in arts and crafts

A simple letter opener, or paper knife

Knives as a traditional or religious implement [link]

Athame: A typically black-handled and double-edged ritual knife used in Wicca and other derivative forms of Neopagan witchcraft. (see also Boline).
Kirpan: A ceremonial knife that all baptised Sikhs must wear as one of the five visible symbols of the Sikh faith (Kakars)
Kilaya: A dagger used in Tibetan Buddhism
Kris: A dagger used in Indo-Malay cultures, often by royalty and sometimes in religious rituals.
Kukri: A Nepalese knife used as both tool and weapon
Puukko: A traditional Finnish or Scandinavian style woodcraft belt-knife used as a tool rather than a weapon
Seax: A Germanic single-edged knife, used primarily as a tool, but may have been a weapon
Sgian Dubh: A small dagger traditionally worn with highland dress (kilt)

Rituals and superstitions [link]

The Sacrifice of Isaac by Caravaggio, (1590–1610; Oil on canvas; Uffizi). Abraham is holding the sacrificial knife.

The knife plays a significant role in some cultures through ritual and superstition, as the knife was an essential tool for survival since early man.^[2] Knife symbols can be found in various cultures to symbolize all stages of life; for example, a knife placed under the bed while giving birth is said to ease the pain, or, stuck into the headboard of a cradle, to protect the baby;^[7]^[8] knives were included in some Anglo-Saxon burial rites, so the dead would not be defenseless in the next world.^[9]^[10]^[11] The knife plays an important role in some initiation rites, and many cultures perform rituals with a variety of knives, including the ceremonial sacrifices of animals.^[12] Samurai warriors, as part of bushido, could perform ritual suicide, or seppuku, with a tantō, a common Japanese knife.^[13] An athame, a ceremonial black-handled knife, is used in Wicca and derived forms of neopagan witchcraft.^[14]^[15]

In Greece a black-handled knife placed under the pillow is used to keep away nightmares.^[16] As early as 1646 reference is made to a superstition of laying a knife across another piece of cutlery being a sign of witchcraft.^[17] A common belief is that if a knife is given as a gift, the relationship of the giver and recipient will be severed. Something such as a small coin, dove or a valuable item is exchanged for the gift, rendering "payment."^[8]

Legislation [link]

Main article: Knife legislation

Knives are typically restricted by law, although restrictions vary greatly by country or state and type of knife. For example, some laws restrict carrying knives in public while other laws restrict private ownership of certain knives, such as switchblades.

References [link]

^ "No. 1 The knife- Forbes.com". 2005-08-31. http://www.forbes.com/2005/08/31/technology-tools-knife_cx_de_0831knife.html. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
^ ^a ^b "Early Human Evolution: Early Human Culture". http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo/homo_3.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
^ ^a ^b Kertzman, Joe (2007). Art of the Knife. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. pp. 3–6. ISBN 978-0-89689-470-9.
^ "Knife Anatomy, Parts, Names". http://www.jayfisher.com/knife_anatomy,_parts,_names.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Greatest Tool #10: The Knife - lifehack.org". http://www.lifehack.org/articles/lifehack/greatest-tool-10-the-knife.html. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
^ State Knife Laws
^ "Bad Luck and Superstition 5". http://www.unexplainable.net/artman/publish/article_3408.shtml. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
^ ^a ^b "HouseholdFolklore". http://www.askyewolfe.com/HouseholdFolklore.html. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
^ ""The Knife Lore of the Anglo-Saxons" – Knife Articles : Custom Knives – Knife". http://www.knifeart.com/thekbyedkon.html. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
^ "The Heroic Age: The Anglo-British Cemetery at Bamburgh". http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/4/Bamburgh.html. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
^ "Bronze age grave goods from Bedd Branwen burial site, Anglesey :: Gathering the Jewels". http://www.tlysau.org.uk/en/item1/14435. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
^ "Ritual knife". http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/changing/journey/objects/089knife.html. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
^ "Howstuffworks "How Samurai Work"". http://science.howstuffworks.com/samurai6.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
^ "Hellenic Magical Ritual". http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/BA/HMT/. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
^ "The Clavicle of Solomon, revealed by Ptolomy the Grecian. (Sloane 3847)". http://www.esotericarchives.com/solomon/sl3847.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
^ "The Magic of the Horseshoe: The Magic Of The Horse-shoe: VI. Iron As A Protective Charm". http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/mhs/mhs09.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
^ "Knife laid across – A Dictionary of Superstitions – HighBeam Research". http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O72-KNIFElaidacross.html. Retrieved 2007-05-08.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Knife

DIY Kitchen Kinfe How to make a razor sharp kitchen knife for 50 cents
Chinese Knife Story & Resource
American Knife & Tool Institute
A.G. Russell's Knife Encyclopedia
Blade HQ's Knife Glossary
A collection of Knife Wallpapers
Interactive knife steel database and comparison graph builder
Knife Reviews

v t e Types of tools

Cleaning tools	Broom Brush Feather duster Floor buffer Hataki Mop & Mop bucket cart Needlegun scaler Pipe cleaner Pressure washer Sandblaster Sponge Squeegee Steam mop Tawashi Vacuum cleaner

Cutting and abrasive tools	Blade Bolt cutter Broach Ceramic tile cutter Chisel Coping saw Countersink Diamond blade Diamond tool Draw knife Drill bit Emery cloth File Fretsaw Froe Glass cutter Grater Grinding wheel Hand saw Knife Miter saw Nail clipper Pipecutter Plane Pocket knife Rasp Razor Reamer Sandpaper Saw Scalpel Scissors Snips Steel wool Surform Switchblade Utility knife Water jet cutter Wire brush Wire cutter Wire stripper

Garden tools	Adze Axe Baling hook Billhook Bow saw Chainsaw Cultivator Earth auger Edger Garden fork Garden hose Garden trowel Hatchet Hedge trimmer Hoe Hori hori Irrigation sprinkler Lawn aerator Lawn mower Lawn sweeper Leaf blower Loppers Loy Machete Mattock Pickaxe Pitchfork Plough (plow) Post hole digger Pruning shears (secateurs) Rake Roller Rotary tiller Scythe Shovel Sickle Slasher Spade Splitting maul String trimmer

Hand tools	Block plane BNC inserter/remover Brace Bradawl Breaker bar Card scraper Cat's paw Caulking gun Clamp Crimping pliers Crowbar Grease gun Fish tape Hammer Hawk Hex key Impact driver Jack Lug wrench Locking pliers Mallet Mitre box Monkey wrench Multi-tool Nut driver Paint roller Paintbrush Pipe wrench Pliers Plumber's snake Plumber wrench Plunger Punch Punch down tool Putty knife Ratchet Sink wrench Scratch awl Screwdriver Sledgehammer Socket wrench Spike maul Staple gun Stitching awl Strap wrench Tire iron Tongue-and-groove pliers Torque wrench Trowel Upholstery hammer Wrench (spanner)

Machine and metalworking tools	Automatic lathe Ball-peen hammer Broaching machine Drill press Endmill English wheel Gear shaper Grinding machine Hacksaw Hobbing machine Jig borer Lathe Metalworking lathe Milling cutter Milling machine Planer Plasma cutter Screw machine Shaper Tap and die Thread restorer Tool bit Turret lathe Welder

Measuring and alignment tools	Architect's scale Beam compass Caliper Chalk box Compass Engineer's scale Flexible curve Jig Laser level Laser line level Laser measuring tool Micrometer Plumb-bob Protractor Ruler Scale Sliding T bevel Spirit level Square Straightedge Tape measure Template Triangle

Power tools	Angle grinder Bandsaw Belt sander Blow torch Chop saw Circular saw Concrete saw Crusher Cutting torch Die grinder Drill Glue gun Heat gun Impact wrench Jackhammer Jigsaw Jointer Nail gun Power trowel Radial arm saw Random orbital sander Reciprocating saw Rotary tool Router table Sander Scroll saw Soldering gun Soldering iron Steam box Table saw Thickness planer Wood router Wood shaper

Other	Antique tools Backscratcher Bucket Comb Flashlight Halligan bar Hand truck Kelly tool Ladder Pencil Tool belt Toolbox Vise Wheelbarrow Workbench

v t e Knives and daggers

List of daggers List of blade materials

Types of knives	Aircrew Survival Egress Knife Athame Balisong/Butterfly Ballistic Bayonet Boline Bolo Boning Boot knife Bowie Bread knife Cane knife Cheese knife Chef's knife Cleaver Clip point Combat knife Commander Corvo CQC-6 Dagger Deba bocho Diving knife Drop point Electric knife Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife Gerber Mark II Ginsu Grapefruit knife Gravity knife Hunting dagger Hunting knife Jacob's ladder Karambit Kīla Kirpan Kitchen knife Kukri Laguiole knife Machete Mandau Mezzaluna Misericorde Mora knife Multi-tool Nakiri bocho Navaja Opinel knife Palette knife Pantographic knife Penknife Penny knife Pocket knife Putty knife Puukko Rampuri Rondel dagger Sabatier Sami knife Santoku SARK Scalpel Seax Sgian dubh Sharpfinger Shiv Sliding knife Smatchet SOG Knife Straight razor Strider SMF Survival knife Swiss Army knife Switchblade Taping knife Throwing knife Tomato knife Trench knife Tumi Ulu Utility knife X-Acto Yanagi ba

Types of daggers	Anelace Applegate-Fairbairn fighting knife BC-41 Bagh nakh Baselard Bichawa Billao Bollock dagger Cuchillo De Paracaidista Cinquedea Dirk Ear dagger Facón French Nail Hachiwara Hunting dagger Jambiya Kaiken Kalis Kard Katara Khanjar Kris Mark I trench knife Ocean Edge Knife Parrying dagger Poignard Push dagger Seme Shobo Sica Stiletto Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife Tantō Marine Raider Stiletto V-42 Stiletto Yoroi tōshi

Knife manufacturers	Aitor Al Mar Knives American Tomahawk Company Bear MCG Benchmade Böker Brusletto Buck Knives Calphalon Camillus Cutlery Company Cattaraugus Cutlery Company Chris Reeve Knives Cold Steel Columbia River Knife & Tool Cuisinart Cutco Cutlery DOVO Solingen Dexter-Russell Eikhorn Emerson Knives, Inc. Ek Commando Knife Co. F. Dick Fällkniven FAMAE Fiskars Füritechnics Gerber Legendary Blades Global Golok Hanwei Imperial Schrade J. A. Henckels KA-BAR Kershaw Knives KitchenAid Korin Japanese Trading Company Kyocera Leatherman Mad Dog Knives Microtech Knives Morseth Murphy knives Ontario Knife Company Opinel Pro-Tech Knives Rada Manufacturing Randall Made Knives Rigid Knives Rösle SOG Specialty Knives Sabatier Aîné & Perrier Spyderco Strider Knives Survival Aids TEKNA Thiers Issard Victorinox W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co. Walther arms Wenger Western Knife Company Wilkinson Sword Windlass Steelcrafts Wüsthof

Knifemakers	A.G. Russell American Bladesmith Society Rex Applegate James Black Blackie Collins John Nelson Cooper Ernest Emerson Jerry Fisk Phill Hartsfield Bill Harsey, Jr. Gil Hibben Knifemakers' Guild Zanjan Knifemakers Bob Kramer Jimmy Lile Bob Loveless Bob Lum William F. Moran Ken Onion Ralph Osterhout Walter Doane "Bo" Randall, Jr. Chris Reeve Jody Samson William Scagel Robert Terzuola Michael Walker Buster Warenski Daniel Winkler

Book:Knives and daggers Category:Knives / Daggers

Prehistoric technology

Architectural

Dwellings	Early architecture Burdei Cave Cliff dwelling Dugout Great house Hut Jacal Lean-to Longhouse Pile dwelling Pit-house Pueblitos Pueblo Rock shelter Roundhouse Stilt house Tent

Ceremonial structures	Earliest religious structure Kiva Pyramid Temple

Water management	Cistern Check dam Reservoir Water well

Other	Burnt mound Causewayed enclosure Henge Midden Archaeological features Megalithic architecture

Tools

Hunting	Arrow Atlatl Bow and arrow Dart Projectile point Spear Snare trap

Food processing	Fire Basket Granaries Grinding slab Ground stone Hearth Manos Metate Mortar and pestle Pottery Quern-stone Storage pit

Farming	Introduction of Agriculture Ard / plough Celt Digging stick Domestication Goad Irrigation Sickle Terracing

Toolmaking	Earliest toolmaking Biface Cupstone Hafting Hand axe Lithic core Lithic reduction Prepared-core technique Tool stone Striking platform

Other tools	Axe Adze Awl Blade Bone tool Bow drill Burin Cleaver Chopper Denticulate tool Hammerstone Hand axe Knife Rope Quern-stone Scraper Stone tool Weapons Wheel

Arts and culture

Material goods	Basketmaking Beadwork Clothing Clothing and textiles Metallurgy Pottery Weaving

Prehistoric art	Earliest art Cairn Cave painting Geoglyph Ideograms List of prehistoric artworks Megalithic art Petroform Petroglyph Petrosomatoglyph Pictogram Rock art Stone circle

Other cultural	Develop abstract thought Human development and religion Music archaeology Prehistoric music

Burial	Burial mounds Chamber tomb Cist Cremation Dolmen Funeral pyre Grave Jar-burials Megalithic tomb Mummy Stone box grave

http://wn.com/Knife

http://de.wn.com/Messer

http://es.wn.com/Cuchillo

http://ru.wn.com/Нож

http://cs.wn.com/Nůž

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Will Ferrell
Ferrell in May 2009
Born	John William Ferrell (1967-07-16) July 16, 1967 (age 44) Irvine, California, United States
Occupation	Comedian, impressionist, actor, writer
Years active	1995–present
Spouse	Viveca Paulin (2000–present)

John William "Will" Ferrell (/ˈfɛrəl/;^[1] born July 16, 1967)^[2] is an American comedian, impressionist, actor, and writer. Ferrell first established himself in the mid 1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live, and has subsequently starred in the comedy films Old School, Elf, Anchorman, Talladega Nights, Stranger than Fiction, Blades of Glory, Semi-Pro, and The Other Guys. He is considered a member of the "Frat Pack", a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s, including Jack Black, Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Vince Vaughn, and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson.

1 Early life
2 Career
3 Creating and producing
- 3.1 Funny or Die
- 3.2 Eastbound & Down
4 Personal life
5 Awards and nominations
6 Filmography
7 Television work
- 7.1 Compilations
8 Salary
9 References
10 External links

Early life [link]

Ferrell was born in Irvine, California, the son of Betty Kay (née Overman), a teacher who taught at Old Mill School elementary school and Santa Ana College,^[3] and Roy Lee Ferrell, Jr., a musician with The Righteous Brothers.^[4] His parents were both natives of Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, and moved to California in 1964;^[5]^[6] Ferrell has Irish ancestry.^[7] Ferrell has a younger brother, Patrick.^[8] When he was 8, his parents divorced. Ferrell said of the divorce, "I was the type of kid who would say, 'Hey Look at the bright side! We'll have two Christmases.'" The divorce was amicable and both parents were committed to their children. The biggest problem was Lee's line of work. As a person in show business, his paychecks were never steady and he was gone from home months at a time. Growing up in the environment made Ferrell not want to go into show business, but get a steady job.^[8]

Will first attended school at Turtle Rock Elementary and later attended Rancho San Joaquin Middle School, both in Irvine. He attended University High School in Irvine, and was a kicker for the school's varsity football team.^[9] He was also on the soccer team and captain of the basketball team, and served on student council. As a joke, he started the reptile club (even though he didn't know anyone who owned one), but the club only lasted for two meetings.^[10]

Ferrell called third grade "a pivotal year". He realized he could make his classmates laugh if he pretended to smash his head against the wall, or if he tripped and fell on purpose, and said it was a great way to make friends.^[11] He told the Orange County Register that the dullness of Irvine contributed to the growth of his humor:

Growing up in suburbia, in safe, master-planned Irvine, there was no drama so we had to create it in our heads. My main form of entertainment was cracking my friends up and exploring new ways of being funny. I didn't have to have the survival mode instinct like other comics, who grew up in tough neighborhoods. I had the opposite. For me, I grew up in Mayberry, and the humor broke the boredom. And there was a lot to make fun of.^[12]

In his senior year of high school, Ferrell and a friend would perform comedy skits over the school's intercom system, with cooperation from the principal. The two had to write their own material though. Ferrell also performed comedic skits in the school's talent shows. He won the "Best Personality" superlative voted by his classmates.^[10]

He enrolled at the University of Southern California, where he studied Sports Broadcasting and joined the Delta Tau Delta Fraternity. In college, he was known for a few pranks. On occasion, he would dress in a janitor's outfit and stroll into his friends' classes. He was also known for streaking around campus with a few other people from the Delta Tau Delta fraternity.^[10] Ferrell earned an internship at a local television station in the sports department. He did not enjoy the work.^[13]

After graduating with a bachelor's degree in Sports Information in 1990, he knew he did not want to do broadcasting. He took up jobs as a hotel valet, and on his second day he tore a baggage rack off the top of a van by trying to drive it under a low-lying beam. He also worked as a teller at Wells Fargo, but came up short $300 the first day and $280 the second—he was not stealing the money, he was just careless and error-prone.^[13]

In 1991, he moved out of the house (thanks to his mother's encouragement to pursue something he liked) and to Los Angeles. He auditioned (and got in), and developed his improvisation skills as a member of the comedy group The Groundlings.^[13]

Career [link]

[edit] The Groundlings

Before joining The Groundlings, Ferrell's attempts at standup comedy had little success. He started in the advanced classes and grew to love improvisation. He realized he also liked to impersonate people, and one of his favorites was Harry Caray, the Hall of Fame baseball announcer. Soon he began to create original characters. With fellow Groundlings member Chris Kattan, they created the Butabi Brothers, who go out to dance clubs to try to pick up women but are constantly rejected. While taking classes, Ferrell got a job at an auction house via his friend Viveca Paulin. The job was ideal as it was flexible enough for him to audition and go to rehearsals while also being employed. He received small roles, including TV series Grace Under Fire and Living Single, low-budget films such as A Bucket of Blood, as well as commercials. One winter, he even served as a mall Santa Claus. Then, in 1994, he won a spot with the top professional group of The Groundlings.^[14]

[edit] Saturday Night Live

After SNL's dip in popularity in 1994–1995 and in need of new cast members for the next season, a producer saw The Groundlings and asked Ferrell, Kattan, and Cheri Oteri to audition for SNL's main producer, Lorne Michaels.^[15]

Ferrell joined Saturday Night Live in 1995 and left in 2002 after a successful seven-year tenure. He returned to host twice (both in season finales), and once in the cold open of the final episode of Saturday Night Live Weekend Update Thursday.

During his time on SNL, Ferrell made a name for himself with his impersonations, which included:

U.S. President George W. Bush
Chicago Cubs announcer Harry Caray,
Singer Robert Goulet (crooning a cappella pieces of music by Sisqó, Baha Men, and Notorious B.I.G.),
Singer Neil Diamond,
Inside the Actors Studio host James Lipton (who was quoted several times favoring Ferrell's impersonation),
Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy,
United States Attorney General Janet Reno,
Convicted Unabomber Ted Kaczynski,
Game show host Alex Trebek,
Fictitious black private detective Shaft,
Professional wrestler-turned-Governor of Minnesota Jesse Ventura,
U.S. Vice President Al Gore (Darrell Hammond took over once Ferrell started playing Bush),
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein,
Cuban President Fidel Castro.

His original characters included "Morning Latte" co-host Tom Wilkins, Ed the Horse's twin brother Ned (cf. Mister Ed), fictional Blue Öyster Cult member Gene Frenkle (physically modeled after Blue Öyster Cult vocalist Eric Bloom), music teacher Marty Culp, Spartan cheerleader Craig Buchanan, Dale Sturtevant from "Dissing Your Dog", Hank of the Bill Brasky Buddies, David Leary from "Dog Show", and night clubber Steve Butabi in a sketch that went to the big screen in 1998's A Night at the Roxbury.

Ferrell returned to Saturday Night Live as a guest host on May 14, 2005, and May 16, 2009. Both times, he reprised his role as Alex Trebek in the "Celebrity Jeopardy" sketches. On the May 14 appearance, Ferrell reprised his role as Robert Goulet in a fake commercial advertising a series of crooned ringtones and, during the performance of the song "Little Sister" by musical guests Queens of the Stone Age, Ferrell came on stage playing the cowbell.

Ferrell became the highest paid cast member of Saturday Night Live in 2001 with a season salary of $350,000.^[16]

Film career [link]

During his time on Saturday Night Live, Ferrell appeared in several movies: Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, A Night at the Roxbury, Superstar, The Ladies Man, Dick, Drowning Mona, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, and Zoolander.

His first starring role came after his departure from SNL with Frank "The Tank" Richard in Old School (2003). The film "belongs to Mr. Ferrell", declared the New York Times, which described how he "uses his hilarious, anxious zealotry to sell the part."^[17] Old School was a major success and Ferrell received an MTV Movie Awards nomination for Best Comedic Performance.

The title role in Elf (2003) followed, as did another MTV Movie Awards nomination. Ferrell continued to land comedy roles in 2004 and 2005 in films such as Melinda and Melinda, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Starsky & Hutch earning himself a place among Hollywood's Frat Pack.^[18] In 2005, Ferrell earned $40 million.^[19] In 2006, Ferrell starred in Stranger Than Fiction and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby; both received critical and box office success. Ferrell's performance in Stranger Than Fiction introduced audiences to the dramatic potential of Ferrell's acting talents. On December 27, 2006, 'The Magazine' named Ferrell as one of its three actors of the year in their 2006 year in review issue.^[20]

Ferrell at the premiere of Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, December 2007

Ferrell appeared as part of a pre-game video package for the Rose Bowl along with Texas alum Matthew McConaughey. Ferrell also sang a song at the ESPY Awards in 2006 about Lance Armstrong and Neil Armstrong. He and John C. Reilly also did a spot during the 2008 ESPY Awards where they made demands in order for them to appear at the ESPYs like asking Portland Trail Blazers' center Greg Oden to tuck them in at night and tell them stories of the old times or to bring back the Cold War so the Olympics can be interesting again.

Ferrell participated in a 79th Academy Awards musical-comedy performance with John C. Reilly and Jack Black, wherein they sang a song about comedies being snubbed by the voters in favor of dramas.

In May 2009 it was announced Ferrell is in talks to star in Neighborhood Watch, a comedy about an urbanite who moves to the suburbs and uncovers a conspiracy. In negotiations to direct is David Dobkin, who gave Ferrell a cameo in Wedding Crashers.^[21] In August 2009, Ferrell decided not to do the film. In the summer of 2009, Ferrell did a large amount of filming with several young actors. He helped out on a film entitled Making a Movie^{[citation needed]}, which is now on DVD.

In June 2009, Land of the Lost was released. It was a commercial and critical flop after earning $19 million on opening weekend, about two-thirds of what the studio expected.^[22]^[23]

In 2010, he was the executive producer and star of The Other Guys, a buddy cop film, which also has an ensemble cast which consists of Mark Wahlberg, Eva Mendes, Michael Keaton, Steve Coogan, Ray Stevenson, Samuel L. Jackson and Dwayne Johnson. Unlike Land of the Lost, the film was a commercial success, earning over $140 million,^[24] and was positively reviewed by critics.

Ferrell is set to star in Casa de Mi Padre, a telenovela spoof comedy set in a ranch with Mexican stars Diego Luna and Gael García Bernal. The movie's story will be told in melodramatic telenovela form and will feature English-language subtitles.^[25]

Voice acting [link]

Will Ferrell dressed as Megamind at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International

Ferrell has worked as a voice actor in several animated television programs, including his portrayal of Bob Oblong, a 1950s-style father with no arms or legs, in the short-lived animated television series The Oblongs. He has had several guest appearances on Family Guy, where he played the Black Knight in "Mr. Saturday Knight", as well as Fat Greek Guy and Miles "Chatterbox" Musket in Fifteen Minutes of Shame. Ferrell also starred as Ted (a.k.a. The Man in the Yellow Hat) in the film Curious George^[26] and guest voiced on an episode of the FOX sitcom King of the Hill as a political correct soccer coach. He voiced the title character in the 2010 DreamWorks Animation film Megamind.

Stage career [link]

Ferrell made his Broadway debut taking on departing U.S. President George W. Bush in a one-man show called You’re Welcome America. A Final Night with George W. Bush. The show started performances on January 20, 2009, in previews—Bush's final day in office—at the Cort Theatre and opened officially on February 1. The limited engagement played through March 15, 2009.^[27]

Creating and producing [link]

[edit] Funny or Die

In April 2007, Ferrell launched "Funny or Die",^[28] a streaming video website where short comedy films are uploaded and voted on by users. The site features The Landlord, starring Ferrell and Pearl McKay, the toddler daughter of Funny or Die co-founder Adam McKay. Ferrell's character is harassed for the rent by his landlady, a swearing, beer-loving, two-year-old girl (played by McKay's daughter, Pearl). Child psychologists have criticized Ferrell and the McKay family for child exploitation,^[29] to which McKay responded:

Fortunately she is in this great stage now where she repeats anything you say to her and then forgets it right away, which is key. She has not said the 'B-word' since we shot the thing.

—Adam McKay^[30]

They followed with the release of a video entitled "Good Cop, Baby Cop" which also starred baby Pearl;^[31] the end of the video stated that this would be her final appearance and wished her a happy "baby retirement."

In September 2008, Ferrell released another video entitled "Will Ferrell Answers Internet Questions" where he takes some pressing questions and comments from his fans.

Another Ferrell appearance on "Funny or Die"^[28] is in the video called "Green Team," featuring also McKay and John C Reilly. It shows militant ecologic activists terrorizing the crew on a filming set.

[edit] Eastbound & Down

Ferrell co-produces (with Adam McKay) an HBO show starring Danny McBride called Eastbound & Down.^[32] He also has a recurring role as car dealer Ashley Schaeffer.

Personal life [link]

In August 2000, Ferrell married Swedish actress Viveca Paulin, whom he met in 1995 at an acting class. They live in New York City and in Orange County, California and have three sons, Magnus Paulin Ferrell, born March 7, 2004,^[33] Mattias Paulin Ferrell, born December 30, 2006,^[34] and Axel Paulin Ferrell, born January 23, 2010.^[35]

In 2006, I-Newswire.com, a site that accepts submissions from readers and publishes them as "press releases", reported that Ferrell had died in a paragliding accident. The hoax was published before its factual inaccuracy was noticed. The story was further propagated when it appeared on Google News.

Ferrell is a fan of USC Trojan football. At USC, Ferrell was a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity and is now an active alumnus. Ferrell has worked with former head coach Pete Carroll to do motivational stunts for the players during the season.^[9]

Ferrell is also a supporter of English Premier League football club ^[36] Chelsea, representing Chelsea as honorary captain in the coin toss before the Chelsea v Inter Milan match at The Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on July 21, 2009.^[37]

Ferrell enjoys running and has participated in several major marathons such as the Boston, New York and Stockholm Marathons.^[38] He also raises money for charity, including his Scholarships for Cancer Survivors campaign through Crowdrise; a social networking community for volunteers and a micro-donations fundraising platform.^[39]

In 2007, Autograph magazine named Ferrell the worst celebrity autographer. Its editor stated, "What's so frustrating about Will Ferrell being the worst autograph signer this past year is that he used to be so nice to fans and collectors and a great signer. What makes him so bad is that he'll taunt people asking for his autograph."^[40] In response, Ferrell has stated, "I don't know how I got on the list. I sign a lot of autographs", but has admitted to taunting autograph-seekers: "I do. I really do. I'm like, 'How badly do you want this autograph?' 'Are you sure?' 'You say you're my biggest fan, really, prove it.' I'll do things like that. They have to earn it."^[41]

Ferrell had noted that, although he was well known for his SNL impersonation of President George W. Bush, he chose, for both professional and political reasons, not to meet the President on several occasions, unlike his SNL predecessor Dana Carvey's famous chummy relationship with George H. W. Bush: "I declined, partly out of comedic purposes, because when I was on the show Saturday Night Live at the time, it didn't make sense to really meet the people that you play, for fear of them influencing you. And then the other side of it is, from a political standpoint, I don't want to meet that guy."^[41] Ferrell also appeared on an episode of Man vs. Wild, where he traveled throughout the tundras of Sweden with the show's host, Bear Grylls. In the episode, Ferrell came across various unique situations, which included eating the eye of a reindeer.^[42]

Ferrell made a comical debut as a relief pitcher for the Round Rock Express, the Triple-A affiliate of the Houston Astros, on May 6, 2010. He was introduced as "Billy Ray 'Rojo' Johnson", and was brought in to relief pitch for the sixth inning. He then entertained the fans by bringing a sack of beer cans to the mound, as well as being ejected and getting chased by the opposing batter. He revealed himself to the fans when his moustache fell off during the chase. The appearance was cooked up by Ferrell and the Express, who sent out a press release announcing Johnson's "signing", to promote The Will Powered Golf Classic the following day at the nearby Cimarron Hills Country Club, which benefits Cancer for College, an organization that provides scholarships to cancer survivors.^[43]

Ferrell has an estimated net worth of $80 million.^[44]

He appeared in the video for "Make Some Noise" by the Beastie Boys in the front of a limo playing a cowbell.

Awards and nominations [link]

Emmy Awards

Nominated:

2001: Outstanding Individual Performance In A Variety Or Music Program (for Saturday Night Live)

ESPY Awards

Won:

2007 ESPY Awards, Best Sports Movie (for Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby)
2008 ESPY Awards, Best Sports Movie (for Semi-Pro)

Golden Globe Awards

Nominated:

2006: Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture (for The Producers)
2007: Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy (for Stranger than Fiction)

James Joyce Award

2008: James Joyce Award from University College Dublin's Literary and Historical Society in recognition for "excelling in his field".^[45]^[46]

Kids Choice Awards

2011: Favorite Buttkicker (for Megamind)^[47]

MTV Movie Awards

Won:

2007: Best Kiss for Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (with Sacha Baron Cohen)

Nominated:

2003: Best Comedic Performance (for Old School)
2003: Best On-Screen Team (with Luke Wilson and Vince Vaughn for Old School)
2004: Best Comedic Performance (for Elf)
2005: Best Comedic Performance (for Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy)
2005: Best On-Screen Team (with Paul Rudd, Steve Carell and David Koechner for Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy)
2005: Best Musical Performance (with Paul Rudd, David Koechner and Steve Carell for Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy)
2007: Best Comedic Performance (for Blades of Glory)
2007: Best Fight (for Blades of Glory)

Razzie Awards

Nominated:

2005: Worst Actor for Bewitched and Kicking & Screaming

Satellite Awards

Nominated:

2006: Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical (for Stranger Than Fiction)

Spike TV Guys' Choice Awards

Won:

2007 Spike TV Guys' Choice Awards, Funniest Mo-fo
2007 Spike TV Guys' Choice Awards, Most Viral Video

Teen Choice Awards

Won:

2007: Choice Movie Actor – Comedy for Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby and Blades of Glory

Nominated:

2004: Choice Comedian
2004: Choice Movie Actor – Comedy for Elf
2005: Choice Comedian
2005: Choice Movie Actor – Comedy for Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy and Kicking & Screaming
2005: Choice Movie Hissy Fit for Kicking & Screaming
2005: Choice Movie Rumble for Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy
2005: Choice Movie Sleazebag for Kicking & Screaming
2007: Choice Comedian
2007: Choice Movie Chemistry (with Jon Heder), for Blades of Glory
2007: Choice Movie Dance (with Jon Heder), for Blades of Glory
2007: Choice Movie Hissy Fit for Blades of Glory
2008: Choice Comedian
2008: Choice Movie Actor – Comedy for Semi-Pro
2009: Choice Movie Actor – Comedy for Land of the Lost

Tony Awards

Nominated:

2009: Best Special Theatrical Event (for You're Welcome America. A Final Night with George W. Bush)

Mark Twain Prize for American Humor

Ferrell was selected as the 2011 recipient of the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor.

Filmography [link]

Year	Movie	Role	U.S. gross (USD)	Notes
1995	Bucket of Blood	Young Man		Made for TV
1995	Criminal Hearts	Newscaster
1997	Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery	Mustafa	$53.9M
1997	Men Seeking Women	Al
1998	A Night at the Roxbury	Steve Butabi	$30.3M	Also Writer
1998	The Thin Pink Line	Darren Clark
1999	Superstar	Sky Corrigan/God	$30.6M
	Dick	Bob Woodward	$6.2M
	Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me	Mustafa	$206M
	The Suburbans	Gil	$11,130
2000	The Ladies Man	Lance DeLune	$13.6M
2000	Drowning Mona	Cubby the Funeral Director	$15.4M
2001	Zoolander	Mugatu	$45.2M
2001	Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back	Federal Wildlife Marshal Willenholly	$30.1M
2002	Boat Trip	Brian's Boyfriend	$8.6M	Uncredited
2003	Old School	Frank "the Tank" Ricard	$74.6M
2003	Elf	Buddy	$173.4M
2004	Melinda and Melinda	Hobie	$3.8M
	Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy	Ron Burgundy	$84.1M	Also Writer
	Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie	Ron Burgundy		Straight-To-DVD Also Writer
	Starsky & Hutch	Big Earl	$88.2M	Uncredited
	Oh, What a Lovely Tea Party	Himself
2005	The Producers	Franz Liebkind	$19.4M
	Wedding Crashers	Chazz Reinhold	$209.2M	Uncredited
	Winter Passing	Corbit	$101,228
	Bewitched	Jack Wyatt/Darrin	$62.3M
	Kicking & Screaming	Phil Weston	$52.6M
	The Wendell Baker Story	Dave Bix	$127,144
2006	Stranger Than Fiction	Harold Crick	$40.1M
	Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby	Ricky Bobby	$148.2M	Also Writer/Executive Producer
	Curious George	Ted/The Man in the Yellow Hat	$58.3M	Voice Role
2007	Blades of Glory	Chazz Michael Michaels	$118.2M
2008	Semi-Pro	Jackie Moon	$33.4M
2008	Step Brothers	Brennan Huff	$101.1M	Also Writer/Executive Producer
2009	Land of the Lost	Dr. Rick Marshall	$49.4M
	The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard	Craig McDermott	$15.1M	Uncredited Also Producer
	SpongeBob's Truth or Square	Himself
2010	The Other Guys	Detective Allen Gamble	$119M	Also Executive Producer
	Megamind	Megamind	$147M	Voice Role
	Hubworld	Himself		Guest star Season 1, Episode 1
	Everything Must Go	Nick Halsey	$2.7M
2012	Casa de Mi Padre^[48]	Armando Alvarez		Also Producer
	Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie^[49]	Damien Weebs		Also Producer/Co-Producer
	The Campaign^[50]	Cam Brady		Also Producer/Co-Producer
2013	Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters^[51]	Dr. Baumgartner		Also Producer
	Bouncers ^[52]			Also Producer
	Anchorman: The Legend Continues ^[53]	Ron Burgundy		Also Writer

Television work [link]

Saturday Night Live (cast member from 1995 to 2002, host in 2005, 2009 and 2012)
Cow and Chicken (1997–2001, voice in various episodes)
Saturday Night Live: Presidential Bash 2000 (2000)
Family Guy (as the Black Knight, 2001)
Undeclared (guest star)
The Oblongs (Bob Oblong, 2001–2002, voice)
King of the Hill (as Coach Lucas, 1999, voice)
The Tom Green Show (guest star)
Family Guy (as himself, 2005)
The Naked Trucker and T-Bones Show (guest star)
Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (voiceover and guest)
Eastbound & Down (BMW Dealership Owner Ashley Schaeffer)
You're Welcome America: A Final Night With George W. Bush (as George W. Bush, 2009)
Man vs. Wild (guest star)^[54]^[55]
Live with Regis and Kelly (co-host)
63rd Tony Awards (2009), 2009 MTV Movie Awards and 2009 TV Land Awards
The Merrick & Rosso Show (as himself, 2009)
SpongeBob SquarePants (as himself, 2009)
Strangers with Candy (2000)
Funny or Die Presents (2010)
Tim & Eric Awesome Show Great Job (2010)
30 Rock (as the "Bitch Hunter", 2010)
The Office (as Deangelo Vickers, 2011)

Compilations [link]

Saturday Night Live: The Best of Will Ferrell (200?)
Saturday Night Live: The Best of Will Ferrell, Vol. 2 (2004)

Salary [link]

Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006) $20,000,000^[56]
Bewitched (2005) $20,000,000^[56]
Kicking & Screaming (2005) $20,000,000^[56]
Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004) $6,900,000^[56]

References [link]

^ "Will Ferrell Answers Internet Questions from Will Ferrell and Jake". Funnyordie.com. September 17, 2008. http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/36d31abcf2. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ According to the State of California. California Birth Index, 1905–1995. Center for Health Statistics, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, California. At Ancestry.com
^ "Will Ferrell 1967-". Biography Today (Omnigraphics, Inc.) 16 (2): 54. 2007. ISSN 1058–2347.
^ "Will Ferrell Biography (1968?-)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/92/Will-Ferrell.html. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ "Where There's Will..., There's a Way to Talk About Comedy, Drama and Shooting in Charlotte". Charlotte Observer. November 27, 2005. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CO&s_site=charlotte&p_multi=CO&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10E2AEB791FEC7F0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
^ Riddick & Rountree and Related Families From Northeast North Carolina by Betty Smith Hobbs
^ Davis, Caris (January 24, 2008). "Will Ferrell Has Irish Award Society in Stitches – Will Ferrell". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20173470,00.html?xid=rss-fullcontentcnn. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Biography Today, p.54
^ ^a ^b Dave Albee,Carroll Chronicles: Celebrities love to practice with Pete, Marin Independent Journal, August 29, 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Biography Today, p.55
^ Biography Today, pp.54-55
^ Koltnow, Barry (July 25, 2008). "Will Ferrell says growing up in Irvine made him funny". The Orange County Register. http://www.ocregister.com/articles/ferrell-ocr-wanted-2103182-think-know. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c Biography Today, p.56
^ Biography Today, pp.56-57
^ Biography Today, p.58
^ "War of the Funnymen – Netscape Celebrity". Webcenters.netscape.compuserve.com. http://webcenters.netscape.compuserve.com/celebrity/package.jsp?name=celebrity/content/bsf_carreyvsfarrell. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ Mitchell, Elvis, "Never Too Late to Have an Adolescence", New York Times, February 21, 2003.
^ Wloszczyna, Susan (June 15, 2004). "Wilson and Vaughn: Leaders of the 'Frat Pack'". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2004-06-15-frat-pack_x.htm. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ "Forbes: The world's best-paid actors and actresses – MSN Money". Moneycentral.msn.com. March 20, 2006. http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/invest/forbes/P147872.asp. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ TheMagazine – Volume 1 Issue 3, December 27, 2006
^ McNary, Dave (May 5, 2009). "Will Ferrell might join 'Neighborhood'". Variety (Reed Elsevier). http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118003236.html. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
^ Nashawaty, Chris (June 7, 2009). "Is America over Will Ferrell?". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31156974/. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
^ Peterseim, Locke (June 8, 2009). "Down goes Ferrell! Down goes Ferrell!". Redblog. http://blog.redbox.com/redblog/2009/06/down-goes-farrell-down-goes-farrell.html. Retrieved June 9, 2009. ^{[dead link]}
^ Box Office Mojo: The Other Guys
^ Hernandez, Lee (February 11, 2011). ""Juno" Star Michael Cera Takes Up Spanish as a Second Language". Latina magazine. http://www.latina.com/entertainment/movies/juno-star-michael-cera-takes-spanish-second-language. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
^ Will Ferrell
^ Will Ferrell to Star in You're Welcome America. A Final Night with George W. Bush on Broadway (October 16, 2008) Retrieved June 6, 2011
^ ^a ^b "Funny Or Die". http://www.funnyordie.com/.
^ Today Show June 7, 2007
^ "Will Ferrell and Pearl in The Landlord". http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/74.
^ "Good Cop, Baby Cop". http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/33f2687080.
^ "Talk: Home". HBO. http://www.hbo.com/news/archives/2007_09_28.html. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ "NEWS BRIEFS: Lynch Wedding Postponed". People Magazine. March 11, 2004. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,627987,00.html.
^ "Will Ferrell, Wife Viveca Welcome a Son". People Magazine. January 2, 2007. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20005718,00.html.
^ "Will Ferrell Welcomes Third Son". People Magazine. January 27, 2010. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20339657,00.html.
^ "The Shed – Celebrity Fans". Theshed.chelseafc.com. http://theshed.chelseafc.com/celebs.shtml. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ England (July 23, 2009). "Hollywood Star Will Ferrell Acts As Honorary Chelsea Captain". Goal.com. http://www.goal.com/en/news/9/england/2009/07/23/1399747/hollywood-star-will-ferrell-acts-as-honorary-chelsea-captain. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ Keith Phipps, Interview: Will Ferrell, The A.V. Club (The Onion), October 29, 2003.
^ "Will Ferrell on Crowdrise". http://www.crowdrise.com/willferrell. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
^ "Will Ferrell named worst autograph signer". The Superficial. December 18, 2007. http://thesuperficial.com/2007/12/will_ferrell_named_worst_autog.php. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Nathan Rabin, Interview: Will Ferrell, The A.V. Club (The Onion), February 27, 2008.
^ "Man vs Wild". Film.com. http://www.film.com/celebrities/will-ferrell/story/ferrell-survives-man-vs-wild/27621586/. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ Mark Newman and Brian McTaggart. "Will Ferrell pitches, entertains in Round Rock". Mlb.mlb.com. http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100507&content_id=9865792&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb/. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/actors/will-ferrell-net-worth/
^ The Irish Times, "Joyce award for Ferrell who will catch up on his reading", January 24, 2008
^ 'http://www.literaryandhistorical.com/events/
^ Kids' Choice Awards 2011 Nominees: Miley Cyrus, Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez lead
^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1702425/
^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1855401/
^ . http://www.latinoreview.com/news/jason-sudeikis-will-be-in-dog-fight-with-will-ferrell-and-zach-galifianakis-15166.
^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1428538/
^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1333189/
^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1229340/fullcredits#cast
^ "Ferrell Films 'Man vs. Wild' Spot With Grylls". Huffington Post. April 15, 2009. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/15/ferrell-films-man-vs-wild_n_187535.html. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ "Will Ferrell Goes Wild | The Outside Blog". Outside-blog.away.com. April 29, 2009. http://outside-blog.away.com/blog/2009/04/will-ferrell-goes-wild.html. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d IMDB Profile

External links [link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Will Ferrell

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Will Ferrell

v t e MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss

1990s	Anna Chlumsky & Macaulay Culkin in My Girl (1992) Christian Slater & Marisa Tomei in Untamed Heart (1993) Demi Moore & Woody Harrelson in Indecent Proposal (1994) Jim Carrey & Lauren Holly in Dumb and Dumber (1995) Natasha Henstridge & Anthony Guidera in Species (1996) Will Smith & Vivica A. Fox in Independence Day (1997) Adam Sandler & Drew Barrymore in The Wedding Singer (1998) Gwyneth Paltrow & Joseph Fiennes in Shakespeare in Love (1999)

2000s	Sarah Michelle Gellar & Selma Blair in Cruel Intentions (2000) Julia Stiles & Sean Patrick Thomas in Save the Last Dance (2001) Jason Biggs & Seann William Scott in American Pie 2 (2002) Tobey Maguire & Kirsten Dunst in Spider-Man (2003) Owen Wilson, Carmen Electra, & Amy Smart in Starsky & Hutch (2004) Ryan Gosling & Rachel McAdams in The Notebook (2005) Heath Ledger & Jake Gyllenhaal in Brokeback Mountain (2006) Will Ferrell & Sacha Baron Cohen in Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2007) Briana Evigan & Robert Hoffman in Step Up 2: The Streets (2008) Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in Twilight (2009)

2010s	Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2010) Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2011)

v t e Mark Twain Prize winners

Richard Pryor (1998) · Jonathan Winters (1999) · Carl Reiner (2000) · Whoopi Goldberg (2001) · Bob Newhart (2002) · Lily Tomlin (2003) · Lorne Michaels (2004) · Steve Martin (2005) · Neil Simon (2006) · Billy Crystal (2007) · George Carlin (2008) · Bill Cosby (2009) · Tina Fey (2010) · Will Ferrell (2011) · Ellen DeGeneres (2012)

Persondata
Name	Ferrell, Will
Alternative names	Ferrell, John; Ferrell, John William
Short description	An American actor, writer, and comedian
Date of birth	July 16, 1967
Place of birth	Irvine, California, United States
Date of death
Place of death

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Ferrell

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Ryan Gosling
Gosling at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival
Born	Ryan Thomas Gosling (1980-11-12) November 12, 1980 (age 31) London, Ontario, Canada
Occupation	Actor, musician, restaurant owner
Years active	1993–present

Ryan Thomas Gosling (born November 12, 1980) is a Canadian actor and musician. He began his career as a child star on the Disney Channel's Mickey Mouse Club (1993–95) and went on to appear in other family entertainment programs including Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1995), Goosebumps (1996), Breaker High (1997–98) and Young Hercules (1998–99). His first serious role was as a Jewish neo-Nazi in The Believer (2001), and he then built a reputation for playing misfits in independent films such as Murder by Numbers (2002), The Slaughter Rule (2002), The United States of Leland (2003) and Stay (2005).

Gosling came to the attention of a wider audience in 2004 with a leading role in the romantic drama The Notebook, for which he won four Teen Choice Awards and an MTV Movie Award. His performance as a drug-addicted teacher in Half Nelson (2006) was nominated for an Academy Award and his performance as a socially inept loner in Lars and the Real Girl (2007) was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. In 2007, he starred in the courtroom thriller Fracture.

After a three-year acting hiatus, Gosling starred in both Blue Valentine and All Good Things in 2010. The former performance as a frazzled husband earned him a second Golden Globe nomination. 2011 proved to be a landmark year for the actor as he appeared in three mainstream films – the romantic comedy Crazy, Stupid, Love, the thriller Drive and the political drama The Ides of March – and received two Golden Globe nominations. He is due to appear in five upcoming films: the period crime feature Gangster Squad, the generational drama The Place Beyond the Pines, the revenge drama Only God Forgives, an as-yet-untitled Terrence Malick film, and a remake of the sci-fi film Logan's Run.

Gosling's band, Dead Man's Bones, released their self-titled debut album and toured North America in 2009. He is a co-owner of Tagine, a Moroccan restaurant in Beverly Hills, California. He is a supporter of PETA, Invisible Children and the Enough Project and has travelled to Chad, Uganda and eastern Congo to raise awareness about conflicts in the region.

1 Early life
2 Acting career
3 Music career
4 Personal life
5 Filmography
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links

Early life [link]

Ryan Thomas Gosling was born in London, Ontario.^[1] He is the son of Thomas Gosling, a traveling salesman for a paper mill,^[2] and Donna, a secretary who qualified as a high school teacher in 2011.^[3] Because of his father's work, they "moved around a lot"^[2] and Gosling lived in both Cornwall, Ontario,^[4] and Burlington, Ontario.^[5] His parents were Mormons,^[6] and Gosling has said that the religion influenced every aspect of their lives.^[7] His parents divorced when he was a child and he and his older sister Mandi lived with their mother,^[8] an experience Gosling has credited with programming him "to think like a girl".^[9]

Gosling was educated at Gladstone Public School,^[10] Cornwall Collegiate and Vocational School and Lester B. Pearson High School.^[11] He "hated" being a child,^[7]^[12] was bullied in elementary school^[13] and had no friends until he was "14 or 15".^[14]^[15] In Grade 1, having been heavily influenced by the film First Blood, he took steak knives to school and threw them at other children during recess. This incident led to a suspension.^[12] He was unable to read^[16] and was diagnosed with ADHD, prescribed Ritalin, and placed in a class for special needs students.^[17] Consequently, his mother quit her job and homeschooled him for a year.^[17] Gosling has said that homeschooling gave him "a sense of autonomy that I've never really lost".^[7]

Gosling performed from an early age. He and his sister sang together at weddings; he performed with Elvis Perry, his uncle's Elvis Presley tribute act,^[18] and was involved with a local ballet company.^[19] Performing boosted his self-confidence as it was the only thing he received praise for.^[15] He developed an idiosyncratic accent because, as a child, he thought having a Canadian accent didn't sound "tough". He began to model his accent on that of Marlon Brando.^[20] He dropped out of high school at the age of seventeen to focus on his acting career.^[21]

Acting career [link]

Child star (1993–1999)[link]

In 1993, at the age of twelve, Gosling attended an open audition in Montreal for a revival of Disney Channel's Mickey Mouse Club.^[22] He was given a two-year contract as a mouseketeer and moved to Orlando, Florida.^[21] He appeared on-screen infrequently because other children were considered more talented.^[23] Nonetheless, he has described the job as the greatest two years of his life.^[21] Fellow cast members included Justin Timberlake, Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera and Gosling has credited the experience with instilling in them "this great sense of focus."^[24] He became particularly close friends with Timberlake and they lived together for six months during the second year of the show. Timberlake's mother became Gosling's legal guardian after his mother returned to Canada for work reasons.^[25] Gosling has said that, while they are no longer in touch, they are still supportive of each other.^[24]

Following the show's cancellation in 1995, Gosling returned to Canada and continued to appear in family entertainment television series including Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1995),^[26] Goosebumps (1996)^[27] and Breaker High (1997–98).^[28] At the age of eighteen, he moved to New Zealand to film the Fox Kids adventure series Young Hercules (1998–99).^[29] While he initially enjoyed working on the series, he began to long for an opportunity to play a variety of characters and decided not to accept any more television work.^[21]

Move to independent film (2000–2003)[link]

At the age of nineteen, Gosling decided to move into "serious film". He was dropped by his agent and initially found it difficult to secure work because of the "stigma" attached to children's television.^[30] After a supporting role in the football drama Remember the Titans, Gosling secured a lead role as a young Jewish neo-Nazi in 2001's The Believer. Director Henry Bean has said he cast Gosling because his Mormon upbringing helped him understand the isolation of Judaism.^[31] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times praised an "electrifying and terrifyingly convincing" performance^[32] while Todd McCarthy of Variety felt his "dynamite performance" could "scarcely have been better".^[33] The film won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival^[34] and Gosling has described it as "the film that kind of gift-wrapped for me the career that I have now."^[18] Because of the controversial nature of the film, it was difficult to secure financial backing for a full theatrical release^[35] and the film was instead broadcast on Showtime.^[35] The film was a commercial failure, grossing just $416,925 worldwide from a production budget of $1.5 million.^[36]

In 2002's Murder by Numbers,^[37] Gosling and Michael Pitt portrayed a pair of high school seniors who believe they can commit the perfect murder. Sandra Bullock starred as a detective tasked with investigating the crime. Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly described him as "a phenomenal talent even in junk like this"^[38] while Todd McCarthy of Variety felt that the "strong and "charismatic" young actors were "let down by the screenplay".^[39] The film was a minor commercial success, grossing $56 million worldwide from a production budget of $50 million.^[40] His second screen appearance of 2002 was in The Slaughter Rule which explores the relationship between a high school football player and his troubled coach in rural Montana. Gosling has said that the opportunity to work with David Morse made him "a better actor".^[41] Stephen Holden of The New York Times described Gosling as "major star material" with a "rawness and an intensity that recall the young Matt Dillon"^[42] while Manohla Dargis of the Los Angeles Times was won over by his "raw talent".^[43] The film was released in just three US theaters and grossed $13,411.^[44]

In 2003, Gosling starred in The United States of Leland as a teenager imprisoned for the murder of a disabled boy. He was drawn to the role because it was unusual to find a character that was "emotionally disconnected for the whole film."^[45] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times felt that the "gifted actor does everything that can be done with Leland, but the character comes from a writer's conceits, not from life."^[46] A.O. Scott of The New York Times noted that he "struggles to rescue Leland from the clutches of cliché"^[47] while David Rooney of Variety felt that his "one-note, blankly disturbed act has none of the magnetic edge of his breakthrough work in The Believer".^[48] The film grossed $343,847 in the United States and was not released overseas.^[49]

[edit] The Notebook and Half Nelson (2004–2009)

Gosling came to the attention of a mainstream audience in 2004 after starring opposite fellow Canadian Rachel McAdams in the romantic drama The Notebook.^[50] Gosling sought to imbue his character with "quiet strength" and was inspired by the performance of Sam Shepard in Days of Heaven.^[51] Filming took place in Charleston, South Carolina in late 2002 and early 2003.^[52] Although Gosling and McAdams became romantically involved in 2005, they had a combative relationship on set.^[53] "We inspired the worst in each other," Gosling has said. "It was a strange experience, making a love story and not getting along with your co-star in any way."^[54] At one point, Gosling asked director Nick Cassavetes to "bring somebody else in for my off-camera shot" because he felt McAdams was uncooperative.^[53] The New York Times praised the "spontaneous and combustible" performances of the two leads and noted that, "against your better judgment, you root for the pair to beat the odds against them."^[55] Desson Thomson of The Washington Post praised Gosling's "beguiling unaffectedness" and noted that "it's hard not to like these two or begrudge them a great love together".^[56] The film grossed over $115 million worldwide and, with adjustments for inflation, it remains the most commercially successful film of Gosling's career as of 2012.^[57] Gosling won four Teen Choice Awards^[58] and an MTV Movie Award.^[59] Entertainment Weekly has said that the movie contains the All-Time Best Movie Kiss^[60] while the Los Angeles Times has included a scene from the film in a list of the 50 Classic Movie Kisses.^[61] The Notebook has appeared on many Most Romantic Movies lists.^[62]^[63]^[64]^[65]

Gosling at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival

In 2005, Gosling appeared as a disturbed young art student in Stay, a psychological thriller co-starring Naomi Watts and Ewan McGregor. In an uncomplimentary review of the film, Manohla Dargis of The New York Times said that Gosling "like his fans, deserves better."^[66] Todd McCarthy of Variety felt that the "capable" McGregor and Gosling "deliver nothing new from what they've shown before".^[67] The film grossed $8 million worldwide.^[68] Gosling was unfazed by the negative reaction: "I had a kid come up to me on the street, 10 years old, and he says, ‘Are you that guy from Stay? What the f--- was that movie about?’ I think that's great. I'm just as proud if someone says, ‘Hey, you made me sick in that movie,’ as if they say I made them cry.”^[69]

Gosling next starred in 2006's Half Nelson as a drug-addicted junior high school teacher who forms a bond with a young student. To prepare for the role, Gosling moved to New York for one month before shooting began. He lived in a small apartment in Brooklyn and spent time shadowing an eighth grade teacher.^[70] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described "a mesmerizing performance ... that shows the kind of deep understanding of character few actors manage."^[71] Ruthe Stein of the San Francisco Chronicle drew comparisons with Marlon Brando and declared that "nobody who cares about great acting will want to miss his performance".^[72] Roger Ebert felt the performance "proves he's one of the finest actors working in contemporary movies."^[73] He was nominated for an Academy Award.^[16] The film grossed $4 million at the worldwide box office.^[74]

Gosling played an introvert who falls in love with a sex doll in the gently comedic 2007 film Lars and the Real Girl. He drew inspiration from James Stewart's performance in Harvey.^[75] Roger Ebert felt "a film about a life-sized love doll" had been turned into "a life-affirming statement of hope" because of "a performance by Ryan Gosling that says things that cannot be said".^[76] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post described his performance as "a small miracle ... because he changes and grows so imperceptibly before our eyes."^[77] However, Manohla Dargis of The New York Times felt "the performance is a rare miscalculation in a mostly brilliant career."^[78] He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.^[79] The film was a box office failure, failing to recoup its $12 million production budget.^[80]

Gosling starred opposite Anthony Hopkins in the 2007 courtroom thriller Fracture. He originally turned down the role, but changed his mind when Hopkins signed on.^[81] He spent time shadowing lawyers and observing courtroom proceedings in preparation for the role.^[82] Claudia Puig of USA Today declared that "watching a veteran like Hopkins verbally joust with one of the best young actors in Hollywood is worth the price of admission".^[83] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times felt it was a treat to watch "the spectacle of that crafty scene stealer Anthony Hopkins mixing it up with that equally cunning screen nibbler Ryan Gosling ... Each actor is playing a pulp type rather than a fully formed individual, but both fill in the blanks with an alchemical mix of professional and personal charisma."^[84] The film grossed over $91 million worldwide.^[85]

Gosling was due to begin filming The Lovely Bones in 2007. However, he left the production two days before filming began because of "creative differences" and was replaced by Mark Wahlberg.^[86] Gosling had been cast as the father of the murdered teenage girl and initially felt he was too young for the role. The director Peter Jackson and the producer Fran Walsh persuaded him that he could be aged with hair and make-up changes.^[87] Before shooting began, Gosling gained 60 pounds in weight and grew a beard in order to appear older.^[87] Walsh then "began to feel he was not right. It was our blindness, the desire to make it work no matter what."^[87] Gosling later said, ""We didn't talk very much during the preproduction process, which was the problem ... I just showed up on set, and I had gotten it wrong. Then I was fat and unemployed."^[87] He has said the experience was "an important realisation for me: not to let your ego get involved. It's OK to be too young for a role."^[88]

Widespread recognition (2010–2011)[link]

Following a three year absence from the big screen, Gosling starred in five movies in 2010 and 2011. "I’ve never had more energy,” Gosling has said. “I’m more excited to make films than I used to be. I used to kind of dread it. It was so emotional and taxing. But I’ve found a way to have fun while doing it. And I think that translates into the films.”^[30] He has also spoken of feeling depressed when not working.^[15]

In 2010, he co-starred with Michelle Williams in Derek Cianfrance's directorial debut, Blue Valentine. The low-budget marital drama was mainly improvised and Gosling has said "you had to remind yourself you were making a film".^[89] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle felt he "brings a preternatural understanding of people to his performance"^[90] while A.O. Scott of The New York Times found him "convincing as the run-down, desperate, older Dean, and maybe a bit less so as the younger version".^[91]^[91] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly noted that he "plays Dean as a snarky working-class hipster, but when his anger is unleashed, the performance turns powerful."^[92] However, Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe felt the performance was an example of "hipsterism misdirected".^[93] He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama. ^[94] The film was a box office success, grossing over $12 million worldwide from a production budget of $1 million.^[95]

Gosling at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival.

Gosling's second on-screen appearance of 2010 was in All Good Things, a mystery film based on a true story. He played the role of New York real-estate heir Robert Durst, who was investigated for the disappearance of his wife (played by Kirsten Dunst).^[96] Gosling found the filming process to be a "dark experience".^[97] When asked if he was proud of the film, he replied, "I'm proud of what Kirsten does in the movie."^[97] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone felt he "gets so deep into character you can feel his nerve endings."^[98] Mick La Salle of the San Francisco Chronicle found the "chameleonic Gosling is completely convincing as this empty shell of a man".^[99] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times felt that the film belonged to Dunst, but noted that Gosling "is good too".^[100] The film grossed $644,535 worldwide.^[101] Also in 2010, Gosling narrated and produced ReGeneration, a documentary that explores the cynicism in today’s youth towards social and political causes.^[102]^[103]

2011 saw Gosling expand his horizons by appearing in three diverse, high-profile roles. He appeared in his first comedic role in Crazy, Stupid, Love opposite Steve Carell and Emma Stone.^[104] Gosling took cocktail-making classes at a Los Angeles bar in preparation for his role as a smooth-talking ladies' man.^[105] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post said his "seductive command presence suggests we may have found our next George Clooney".^[106] Peter Travers declared him "a comic knockout"^[107] while Claudia Puig of USA Today felt he reveals a "surprising" "knack for comedy."^[108] He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.^[109] The film was a box office success, grossing over $142 million worldwide.^[110] With adjustments for inflation, it is the second most successful of Gosling's career.^[111]

Gosling's first action role was in Drive, based on a novel by James Sallis.^[112] Gosling portrayed a Hollywood stunt performer who moonlights as a getaway driver and he has described the film as a "violent John Hughes movie": "I always thought if Pretty in Pink had head-smashing it would be perfect".^[113] Roger Ebert compared Gosling to Steve McQueen and stated that he "embodies presence and sincerity ... he has shown a gift for finding arresting, powerful characters [and] can achieve just about anything.^[114] Joe Morgenstern of the Wall Street Journal pondered "the ongoing mystery of how he manages to have so much impact with so little apparent effort. It's irresistible to liken his economical style to that of Marlon Brando."^[115] The film was a box office success, grossing $70 million worldwide from a production budget of $15 million.^[116]

In his final appearance of 2011, Gosling was directed by George Clooney in the political drama The Ides of March, in which he played an ambitious press secretary.^[117] Gosling partly decided to do the film to become more politically aware: "I'm Canadian and so American politics aren't really in my wheelhouse."^[118] Joe Morganstern of the Wall Street Journal said that Gosling and Philip Seymour Hoffman "are eminently well equipped to play variations on their characters' main themes. Yet neither actor has great material to conjure with in the script."^[119] In an generally tepid review, Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times asserted that it was "certainly involving to see the charismatic Gosling verbally spar with superb character actors like Hoffman and [Paul] Giamatti."^[120] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle felt there was "one aspect to the character that Gosling can't quite nail down, that might simply be outside his sphere, which is idealism."^[121] He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama.^[109] The film grossed $66 million worldwide.^[122]

Upcoming projects (2012)[link]

Gangster Squad, a 1940s crime drama, is set for release in 2012.^[123] Gosling will portray Sgt. Jerry Wooters, an LAPD officer who attempts to outsmart mob boss Mickey Cohen. The director is Zombieland's Ruben Fleischer and Gosling has said, "it’s very, very different tonally [from his other films]."^[124] Gosling has also completed work on the generational drama The Place Beyond the Pines, directed by Blue Valentine 's Derek Cianfrance,^[125] and has described it as "the best experience I have ever had making a film."^[19] The film is set for release in 2012.^[126] Gosling will portray Luke, a motorcycle stunt rider who robs banks in order to provide for his family.^[127]

Gosling has completed shooting Only God Forgives in Bangkok, Thailand.^[128] It is his second collaboration with Drive director Nicolas Winding Refn. He undertook Muay Thai training in preparation for the role.^[124] The story revolves around Gosling's mother, played by Kristin Scott Thomas, who orders her son to avenge his brother's death. Gosling has described the script as “the strangest thing I’ve ever read.”^[124]

In September 2012, Gosling will begin shooting an as-yet-untitled Terrence Malick film.^[129] The film will costar Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, Rooney Mara and Haley Bennett.^[130] When asked to provide details of the film or his role, Gosling replied, "I can't comment. A chatty cathy that one."^[131] Gosling had previously signed up to work with Malick in 2004 on the bio-pic Che.^[132] However, Malick left the project to direct The New World and Gosling later dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.^[133] Gosling is also scheduled to appear in a remake of the sci-fi film Logan's Run, again to be directed by Winding Refn.^[134] He has yet to see the original film.^[131]

Music career [link]

Main article: Dead Man's Bones

Gosling at a 2009 Dead Man's Bones concert

In 2007, Gosling made a solo recording called "Put Me in the Car" available for download on the internet.^[135] Also that year, Gosling and his friend Zach Shields formed indie rock band Dead Man's Bones. The two first met in 2005 when Gosling was dating Rachel McAdams and Shields was dating her sister, Kayleen.^[136] They initially conceived of the project as a monster-themed musical but settled on forming a band when they realized putting on a stage production would be too expensive.^[136] They recorded their self-titled debut with the Silverlake Conservatory's Children's Choir and learned to play all the instruments themselves.^[136] Gosling contributed vocals, piano, guitar, bass guitar and cello to the record.^[137]

The album was released through ANTI- Records on October 6, 2009.^[138] Pitchfork was won over by the "unique, catchy and lovably weird record"^[139] while Prefix Magazine felt the album was "rarely kitschy and never inappropriate."^[140] However, Spin Magazine felt the album "doesn't reverse the rule that actors make dubious pop musicians"^[141] and Entertainment Weekly criticized its "cloying, gothic preciousness".^[142]

In September 2009, Gosling and Shields had a three-night residency at LA's Bob Baker Marionette Theater where they performed alongside dancing neon skeletons and glowing ghosts.^[143]^[137] They then conducted a thirteen-date tour of North America in October 2009, using a local children's choir at every show.^[144]^[145] Instead of an opening act, a talent show was held each night.^[146] In September 2010, they performed at Los Angeles' FYF Festival.

In 2011, the actor spoke of his intentions to record a second Dead Man's Bones album. No children's choir will feature on the follow-up album because "it's not very rock 'n' roll."^[147]

Personal life [link]

Gosling lives in New York City.^[148] He co-owns Tagine, a Moroccan restaurant in Beverly Hills, California.^[149] He bought the restaurant on an impulse and said he spent "all my money" on it.^[150] He spent a year doing the renovation work himself and now oversees the restaurant's menus.^[150]^[151]

Gosling dated American actress Sandra Bullock for a year from 2002 to 2003.^[152] He had a two-year relationship with Canadian actress Rachel McAdams from mid-2005 to mid-2007.^[153]^[154] They briefly reunited in the summer of 2008.^[155]^[156]^[157] Following their split, he described McAdams as "one of the great loves of my life".^[158] He dated Kat Dennings in late 2009, Blake Lively in late 2010 and Olivia Wilde in early 2011.^[159]^[160]^[161]^[162] Gosling began dating American actress and model Eva Mendes in September 2011.^[163]

Fox News and the New York Post have reported that Gosling was arrested by LAPD officers on 17 March 2005. Gosling pleaded "no contest" to a misdemeanor charge of "exhibiting speed", despite being originally charged with "driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs" and "driving with a blood alcohol content of 0.08 or greater." He was sentenced to two years of probation and ordered to pay $849 in fines.^[164]^[165]

Gosling is supportive of various social causes. He has worked with PETA on a campaign to encourage KFC and McDonalds to use improved methods of chicken slaughter in their factories.^[166]^[167] Gosling volunteered in Biloxi, Mississippi in 2005, as part of the clean-up effort following Hurricane Katrina.^[168] He is a supporter of Invisible Children Inc, a group that raises awareness about the LRA in Central Africa.^[169] In 2005, Gosling travelled to Darfur refugee camps in Chad.^[170]^[16] He was a speaker at Campus Progress's National Conference in 2008 where he discussed Darfur.^[171] As part of his work with the Enough Project, he visited Uganda in 2007^[172] and eastern Congo in 2010.^[173]

Filmography [link]

Film
Year	Title	Role	Notes
1997	Frankenstein and Me	Kenny
1999	Unbelievables, TheThe Unbelievables	Josh
2000	Remember the Titans	Alan Bosley
2001	Believer, TheThe Believer	Danny Balint
2002	Murder by Numbers	Richard Haywood
2002	Slaughter Rule, TheThe Slaughter Rule	Roy Chutney
2003	United States of Leland, TheThe United States of Leland	Leland P. Fitzgerald
2004	Notebook, TheThe Notebook	Noah Calhoun
2005	Stay	Henry Letham
2006	Half Nelson	Dan Dunne
2007	Fracture	Willy Beachum
2007	Lars and the Real Girl	Lars Lindstrom
2010	All Good Things	David Marks
2010	Blue Valentine	Dean Pereira
2010	ReGeneration	Narrator	Documentary
2011	Crazy, Stupid, Love.	Jacob Palmer
2011	Drive	The Driver
2011	Ides of March, TheThe Ides of March	Stephen Meyers
2012	The Gangster Squad	Sgt. Jerry Wooters	Post-production
2012	Place Beyond the Pines, TheThe Place Beyond the Pines	Luke	Post-production
2012	Only God Forgives		Post-production
2013	Lawless		Pre-production

Television
Year	Title	Role	Episode(s) & Notes
1993–1995	Mickey Mouse Club	Himself	Television series
1995	Are You Afraid of the Dark?	Jamie Leary	5.02 "The Tale of Station 109.1"
1996	PSI Factor: Chronicles of the Paranormal	Adam	1.01 "Dream House/UFO Encounter"
1996	Kung Fu: The Legend Continues	Kevin	4.09 "Dragon's Lair"
1996	Road to Avonlea	Bret McNulty	7.09 "From Away"
1996	Goosebumps	Greg Banks	1.15 "Say Cheese and Die"
1996	Adventures of Shirley Holmes, TheThe Adventures of Shirley Holmes	Sean	1.01 "The Case of the Burning Building"
1996	Flash Forward	Scott Stuckey	1.11 "Double Bill" and 1.21 "Skate Bait"
1996	Ready or Not	Matt Kalinsky	4.05 "I Do, I Don't"
1997–1998	Breaker High	Sean Hanlon	Television series
1998	Nothing Too Good for a Cowboy	Tommy	Television film
1998.1 !1998–1999	Young Hercules	Hercules	Television series
1998.2 !1998–1999	Hercules: The Legendary Journeys	Zylus	5.17 "The Academy"
2005	I'm Still Here: Real Diaries of Young People Who Lived During the Holocaust	Ilya Gerber (voice)	Television documentary

Awards and nominations [link]

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Ryan Gosling

References [link]

^ "Ryan Gosling says onscreen intimacy in 'Blue Valentine' 'just happened'". The Guardian. 2011-01-04. http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/Canada---World/Arts/2011-01-04/article-2089490/Ryan-Gosling-says-onscreen-intimacy-in-Blue-Valentine-just-happened/1. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b Hiscock, John (25 August 2006). "From Mouse to big cheese". The Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/unassigned/article/173940--from-mouse-to-big-cheese. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Let’s hear it from goofy Mr. Gosling". Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://entertainment.inquirer.net/8153/let’s-hear-it-from-goofy-mr-gosling. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling Biography". Tribute. http://www.tribute.ca/people/ryan-gosling/8468/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Spotted! Ryan Gosling getting his Canuck Christmas on in Burlington | Telling Tales | torontolife.com
^ "In Love with a Real Doll". Beliefnet. http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/Movies/2007/10/In-Love-With-A-Real-Doll.aspx. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wood, Gaby (21 February 2007). "I live on Skid Row. You can't filter out reality there". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2007/feb/18/awardsandprizes.oscars. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Oddball". Time. 4 October 2007. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1668471,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Shone, Tom (11 September 2011). "In the driving seat: interview with Ryan Gosling". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8750070/In-the-driving-seat-interview-with-Ryan-Gosling.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Disney gets first Canadian Mouseketeer, The Gazette [Montreal, Que], 24 March 1993
^ The children's champion, The Oscar- nominated actor, a star by his teens, is taking up the cause of Ugandan boy soldiers, The Independent on Sunday, 22 April 2007
^ ^a ^b Jay Stone (02 September 2011). "TIFF poster boy Ryan Gosling on working under the table". NationalPost.com. http://arts.nationalpost.com/2011/09/02/tiff-poster-boy-ryan-gosling-on-working-under-the-table/. Retrieved 05 April 2012.
^ "Celebrity Spider – Ryan Gosling". Celebrityspider.com. http://www.celebrityspider.com/ryangosling.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ GQ, January 2011, p. 50.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Gosling interview". The Times. http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/film/article3165431.ece. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Karger, Dave (20 April 2007). "Spotlight on Ryan Gosling". EW.com. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20035877,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Ryan Gosling: The children's champion". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ryan-gosling-the-childrens-champion-445685.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Steve Carell and Gosling". Interview. Archived from the original on 2010-11-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20101123232219/http://interviewmagazine.com/film/ryan-gosling/2/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "I think like a girl". The Independent (London). 25 October 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/ryan-gosling--i-think-like-a-girl-2375346.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ W Magazine, October 2010, p. 89.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Ryan Gosling". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/ryan_gosling. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling Interview – The Notebook Movie". Movies.about.com. http://movies.about.com/od/thenotebook/a/notebkrg062004_3.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling reveals his wedding singer past". CNN.com. http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2010/10/26/ryan-gosling-reveals-his-wedding-singer-past/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Who the Hell is This?". Angelfire.com. http://www.angelfire.com/celeb2/rygos/whothehellart.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Justin Timberlake: I Stole a Golf Cart With Ryan Gosling!". UsWeekly. http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/justin-timberlake-i-stole-a-golf-cart-with-ryan-gosling-20112510. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Evolution Of Ryan Gosling". TotalFilm.com. http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-evolution-of-ryan-gosling/are-you-afraid-of-the-dark-1995. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Evolution Of Ryan Gosling". TotalFilm.com. http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-evolution-of-ryan-gosling/goosebumps-1996. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Evolution Of Ryan Gosling". TotalFilm.com. http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-evolution-of-ryan-gosling/breaker-high-1997-1998. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Evolution Of Ryan Gosling". TotalFilm.com. http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-evolution-of-ryan-gosling/young-hercules-1998-1999. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b Lim, Dennis (14 September 2011). "A Heartthrob Finds His Tough-Guy Side". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/18/movies/ryan-gosling-and-ides-of-march.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Twist of Faith". The Nerve. http://www.nerve.com/content/twist-of-faith-an-interview-with-the-believer-director-henry-bean. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Thomas, Kevin (17 May 2002). "Believer Doesn't Tell the Whole Story". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2002/may/17/entertainment/et-thomas17. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ McCarthy, Todd (25 January 2001). "The Believer". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117797162?refcatid=31. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Believer wins Sundance Grand Jury Prize". FilmFestivals.com. http://www.filmfestivals.com/servlet/JSCRun?obj=ShowNewsSundance&CfgPath=ffs/filinfo&Cfg=news.cfg&news=general&text_id=16297. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b In a Skinhead's Tale, a Picture of Both Hate and Love, Camhi, Leslie. The New York Times, 17 March 2002
^ The Believer (2002) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Murder by Numbers". Festival de Cannes. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3158458/year/2002.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Murder by Numbers Review". EW.com. 17 April 2002. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,231506,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ McCarthy, Todd (12 April 2002). "Murder By Numbers". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117917458?refcatid=31. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Murder by Numbers (2002) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Q/A: Ryan Gosling". The Independent. http://www.independent-magazine.org/node/496. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Holden, Stephen (29 March 2002). "On or Off the Field, Rough, Raw and Twangy". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F02E4D71E3BF93AA15750C0A9649C8B63&partner=Rotten%20Tomatoes. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Dargis, Manohla (24 January 2003). "'Slaughter Rule' tosses metaphors like passes". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jan/24/entertainment/et-dargis24. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ The Slaughter Rule (2003) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Interview: Matthew Ryan Hoge & Ryan Gosling". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/504/504008p1.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The United States of Leland". The Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20040402/REVIEWS/404020302. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Scott, A. O. (2 April 2004). "A Tale of Crime and Consequences". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/02/movies/02LELA.html?ex=1112418000&en=1075764f9fedd415&ei=5083&partner=Rotten%20Tomatoes. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Rooney, David (20 January 2003). "The United States of Leland". Variety.com. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117919715?refcatid=31. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ The United States of Leland (2004) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Ryan Gosling Biography". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/ryan_gosling/biography. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling Interview – The Notebook". Movies.about.com. http://movies.about.com/od/thenotebook/a/notebkrg062004_2.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
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^ ^a ^b "Director Baffled By Gosling/Mcadams Romance". Contact Music. December 16, 2006. http://www.contactmusic.com/news/director-baffled-by-goslingmcadams-romance_1016757. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
^ Wood, Gaby (February 18, 2007). "'I live on Skid Row. You can't filter out reality there'". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2007/feb/18/awardsandprizes.oscars. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
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^ "Young Love, Old Story". The Washington Post. 25 June 2004. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A2293-2004Jun24.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Ryan Gosling Movie Box Office Results
^ "Teen Choice awards". Melbourne: theage.com.au. 15 August 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/film/teen-choice-awards/2005/08/15/1123957997282.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "MTV Movie Awards News – The 5 Most Jaw Dropping MTV Movie Awards Moments". Celebuzz. http://www.celebuzz.com/2011-06-05/the-5-most-jaw-dropping-mtv-movie-awards-moments-video/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "All-time best movie kiss: Does anything even come close to 'The Notebook'?". Popwatch.ew.com. http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/06/06/the-notebook-all-time-movie-kiss/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "50: Classic Movie Kisses". LA Times Magazine. http://www.latimesmagazine.com/2010/02/50-kisses.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Notebook". TIME. 28 February 2009. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1879389_1879392_1879400,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "The Most Romantic Scene from The Notebook". Marie Claire. http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/romantic-movie-moments-the-notebook#fbIndex4. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "25 Most Romantic Movie Quotes". Extratv.warnerbros.com. http://extratv.warnerbros.com/2010/05/25_most_romantic_movie_quotes.php. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet Romantic movie couples Photos". Smh.com.au. 24 March 2011. http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/the-verdict-on-hollywoods-most-romantic-onscreen-couples-20110324-1c7wc.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Dargis, Manohla (21 October 2005). "Something Is Happening, but Who Knows What It Is?". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/2005/10/21/movies/21stay.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ McCarthy, Todd (20 October 2005). "Stay – Film Reviews". Variety.com. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117928621?refcatid=31. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Stay (2005) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Ryan Gosling: Celebrities". W Magazine. http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/archive/ryan_gosling#ixzz1aqqvfP8u. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "INTERVIEW: Ryan Gosling". http://www.incontention.com/2006/11/28/interview-ryan-gosling/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Turan, Kenneth (25 August 2006). "Half Nelson' has a firm grip on life's drama". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/25/entertainment/et-nelson25. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Stein, Ruthe (24 June 2011). "The kids are all right. As for the teacher". Sfgate.com. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/08/25/DDGBAKNVBU1.DTL. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Half Nelson". Rogerebert.suntimes.com. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060914/REVIEWS/609140302. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Half Nelson (2006) – Box Office Mojo
^ Kirschling, Gregory (14 September 2007). "Guy and Doll". EW.com. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20056993,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Lars and the Real Girl". Rogerebert.suntimes.com. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071018/REVIEWS/710180304. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Hornaday, Ann (19 October 2007). "Lars and the Real Girl' Break a Wooden Heart". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/18/AR2007101802350.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
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^ "The Golden Globes". TheGoldenGlobes.com. http://www.thegoldenglobes.com/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Lars and the Real Girl (2007) – Box Office Mojo
^ Abramowitz, Rachel (22 April 2007). "Just too cool for school". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/apr/22/entertainment/ca-fracture22. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling Interviewed – FRACTURE". Collider.com. http://collider.com/entertainment/archive_detail.asp/aid/3887/cid/13/tcid/1. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Puig, Claudia (23 April 2007). "'Fracture' puts it all together". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2007-04-19-fracture_N.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
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^ Fracture (2007) – Box Office Mojo
^ Fleming, Michael; Siegel, Tatiana (21 October 2007). "Wahlberg steps into 'Bones'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117974450?refCatId=13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bordelon, Jenna. "Ryan Gosling: Why Peter Jackson Fired Me From 'Lovely Bones'". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ryan-gosling-peter-jackson-fired-55303.
^ Mueller, Matt (14 March 2008). "Interview: Ryan Gosling". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/mar/14/1.
^ Fisher, Alice (26 January 2012). "The life of Ryan". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/jan/09/ryan-gosling-blue-valentine-film.
^ LaSalle, Mick (27 June 2011). "Sad, but among the best". San Francisco Chronicle'. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/01/07/MVK31GPNCQ.DTL. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b Scott, A. O. (28 December 2010). "‘Blue Valentine’ Flits Through Couple’s Time". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/2010/12/29/movies/29blue.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Blue Valentine Review". EW.com. 6 January 2011. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20453723,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Blue Valentine". The Boston Globe. http://articles.boston.com/2011-01-07/ae/29339496_1_blue-valentine-williams-and-gosling-cindy/2. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ MacDonald, Gayle (14 December 2010). "Canadian Ryan Gosling among Golden Globe nominees". Toronto: The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/awards/golden-globes/canadian-ryan-gosling-among-golden-globe-nominees/article1837867/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Blue Valentine (2010) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Kirsten Dunst on Her Next Film, 'All Good Things'". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/movies/features/69777/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b Zeitchik, Steven (26 December 2010). "Ryan Gosling again takes the plunge in 'Blue Valentine'". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/dec/26/entertainment/la-ca-ryan-gosling-20101226/2. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "All Good Things". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/all-good-things-20101202. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ LaSalle, Mick (27 June 2011). "Good acting isn't enough". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/12/16/MVI41GPGMO.DTL. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Sharkey, Betsy; Critic, Film (10 December 2010). "Movie review: 'All Good Things'". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/dec/10/entertainment/la-et-all-good-things-20101210. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ All Good Things (2010) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Ryan Gosling to narrate Phillip Montgomery's 'ReGeneration'". HollywoodNews.com. http://www.hollywoodnews.com/2010/05/04/ryan-gosling-to-narrate-phillip-montgomerys-regeneration/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling to Narrate ReGeneration". ComingSoon.net. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=65747. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Steve Carell's 'Crazy, Stupid, Love' Hits Theaters April 22, 2011". Theplaylist.blogspot.com. http://theplaylist.blogspot.com/2010/07/steve-carells-crazy-stupid-love-hits.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling Interview CRAZY, STUPID, LOVE". Collider.com. http://collider.com/ryan-gosling-crazy-stupid-love-interview/105145/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Critic Review for Crazy, Stupid, Love". The Washington Post'. http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/crazy-stupid-love,1167442/critic-review.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Crazy Stupid Love". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/crazy-stupid-love-20110728. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Puig, Claudia (3 August 2011). "'Crazy, Stupid, Love': Not, quite, there". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2011-07-27-crazy-stupid-love_n.htm?csp=34life&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+UsatodaycomMovies-TopStories+%28Life+-+Movies+-+Top+Stories%29. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Golden Globe Nominations: Ryan Gosling Gets Two". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2011/12/15/golden_globe_nominations_ryan_gosling_gets_two.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Crazy, Stupid, Love. (2011) – Box Office Mojo
^ Ryan Gosling Movie Box Office Results
^ "Production Starts on Nicolas Winding Refn’s DRIVE Starring Ryan Gosling and Carey Mulligan". Collider.com. http://www.collider.com/2010/09/27/drive-production-starts-ryan-gosling-carey-mulligan/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling Talks Drive, Action Films, and John Hughes Movies". Movies.about.com. http://movies.about.com/od/drive/a/ryan-gosling-drive.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Drive". rogerebert.com. http://www.rogerebert.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110914/REVIEWS/110919988/-1/RSS. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Drive "A Rolls of an Action Film Noir". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111903927204576572542212463116.html?mod=WSJ_ArtsEnt_LifestyleArtEnt_2 Drive. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Drive (2011) (2011) – Box Office Mojo
^ "George Clooney and Ryan Gosling Set for 'Ides of March". About.com. http://movies.about.com/b/2010/10/31/george-clooney-ryan-gosling-ides-march.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Interview: The Ides Of March's Ryan Gosling". CinemaBlend.com. http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Interview-Ides-March-Ryan-Gosling-27199.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Morgenstern, Joe (14 October 2011). "The Ides of March". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203476804576614793239029526.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Turan, Kenneth; Critic, Film (7 October 2011). "'The Ides of March'". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-ides-of-march-20111007,0,4545006.story. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ LaSalle, Mick (31 October 2011). "The political animals". San Francisco Chronicle'. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/10/07/DDC01LDC7L.DTL. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ The Ides of March (2011) – Box Office Mojo
^ "Gangster Squad targets the Oscars". indiewire.com. http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/archives/2011/09/28/gangster_squad_targets_the_oscars_with_october_19_2012_release_date/. Retrieved 26 January 2012. ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c "Ryan Gosling Calls Upcoming Project 'Only God Forgives' The "Strangest Thing" He’s Ever Read". Blogs.indiewire.com. http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/archives/ryan_gosling_calls_upcoming_project_only_god_forgives_the_strangest_thing_h/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Derek Cianfrance talks The Place Beyond the Pines". Collider.com. 2011-02-04. http://collider.com/derek-cianfrance-place-beyond-the-pines/74634/. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
^ "BD Music News – Mike Patton Scoring 'The Place Beyond The Pines'". bloody-disgusting.com. 2012-01-09. http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/music/2449. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ "Ryan Gosling Talks Drive, Ides of March, and The Place Beyond the Pines in His Oddball, Ryan Gosling Way". Nymag.com. http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2011/09/ryan_gosling_1.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Hard Drive". Bangkok Post. http://www.bangkokpost.com/arts-and-culture/film/262431/hard-drive. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Rooney Mara Talks LAWLESS; Michael Sheen Talks Untitled Terrence Malick Drama". Collider.com. http://collider.com/rooney-mara-lawless-terrence-malick-michael-sheen/134550/. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ McClintock, Pamela (1 November 2011). "Terrence Malick Announces Next Two Films, 'Lawless' and 'Knight of Cups'". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/terrence-malick-ryan-gosling-christian-bale-255938. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "'Drive' Star Ryan Gosling Sets His Sights On The Director's Chair". Blogs.indiewire.com. http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/archives/drive_star_ryan_gosling_sets_his_sights_on_the_directors_chair/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Fleming, Michael (24 February 2004). "Four joining forces for Malick's take on 'Che'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117900690.
^ Fleming, Michael (1 April 2004). "Regime change for 'Che'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117902769.
^ "Ryan Gosling Is Stepping Up To A Studio Tent Pole With ‘Logan’s Run’ Remake –". Deadline.com. http://www.deadline.com/2011/02/ryan-gosling-is-stepping-up-to-a-studio-tent-pole-with-logans-run-remake/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "http://theplaylist.blogspot.com/2007/07/ryan-gosling-goes-indie-rock.html". Theplaylist.blogspot.com. http://theplaylist.blogspot.com/2007/07/ryan-gosling-goes-indie-rock.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Dead Man's Bones". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/dead-mans-bones-r1643207/review. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Breaking: Dead Man's Bones". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/breaking-dead-mans-bones-20091014. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Critic Reviews for Dead Man's Bones at Metacritic". Metacritic.com. http://www.metacritic.com/music/dead-mans-bones/critic-reviews. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Dead Man's Bones". Pitchfork. http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/13543-dead-mans-bones/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Dead Man's Bones". Prefix. http://www.prefixmag.com/reviews/dead-mans-bones/dead-mans-bones/30794/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Dead Man's Bones". SPIN.com. http://www.spin.com/reviews/dead-mans-bones-dead-mans-bones-anti. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Dead Man's Bones Review". EW.com. 9 October 2009. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20311111,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Dead Man's Bones Gear Up for Residency...in a Puppet Theater". Pitchfork. http://pitchfork.com/news/36373-dead-mans-bones-gear-up-for-residencyin-a-puppet-theater/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Dead Man's Bones (Ryan Gosling and Zach Shields) Announce First Tour". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 2009-09-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20090919185528/http://pitchfork.com/news/36293-dead-mans-bones-ryan-gosling-and-zach-shields-announce-first-tour/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Meet Dead Man's Bones: Ryan Gosling and Zach Shields". Pitchfork. http://pitchfork.com/news/34432-meet-dead-mans-bones-ryan-gosling-and-zach-shields/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Dead Man's Bones Announce First Tour". Thefader.com. http://www.thefader.com/2009/08/24/dead-mans-bones-announce-first-tour/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling is Mr. TIFF". Canada.com. http://www.canada.com/entertainment/movie-guide/Ryan+Gosling+TIFF/5347898/story.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling's Crazy, Stupid, Puppy Love". People. http://www.peoplepets.com/people/pets/gallery/0,,20513463,00.html#20993900. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Los Angeles: Top 10 Celebrity-Owned Hotspots". BlackBook. http://www.blackbookmag.com/article/los-angeles-10-best-celebrity-owned-hotspots/5194/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Calamari fan Ryan Gosling". STV Entertainment. http://entertainment.stv.tv/showbiz/274907-calamari-fan-ryan-gosling/. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Ryan Gosling believes in hard work". Musicrooms.net. http://www.musicrooms.net/showbiz/36956-ryan-gosling-believes-in-hard-work.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "Celebrity Central – Sandra Bullock". People. http://www.people.com/people/sandra_bullock/biography/0,,20053788_10,00.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Dagostino, Mark (7 November 2005). "Insider". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20144788,00.html. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
^ "Scoop". People. April 30, 2007. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20062031,00.html. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
^ Jones, Oliver (August 18, 2008). "Scoop". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20221731,00.html. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
^ "Star Tracks – Friday, August 22, 2008 – THE HOT SEAT – McAdams and Gosling". People. August 22, 2008. http://www.people.com/people/gallery/0,,20220603_20499150,00.html. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
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^ "Are Kat Dennings And Ryan Gosling Dating? We Try To Get Her To Admit It". Hollywoodcrush.mtv.com. 2009-09-22. http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2009/09/22/are-kat-dennings-and-ryan-gosling-dating-we-try-to-get-her-to-admit-it/. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
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^ "Ryan Gosling's 2005 DUI arrest revealed". New York Post. 22 September 2011. http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/ryan_gosling_dui_arrest_revealed_dJIJLKdJLFe5hAAxHAeolO. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
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^ "Stars Say No To McDonald's Chicken Cruelty". Looktothestars.org. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/7573-stars-say-no-to-mcdonalds-chicken-cruelty. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
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^ "Kristen Bell, Ryan Gosling, Pete Wentz, Many More Help Invisible Children Pass U.S. Legislation". Paste. http://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/giving_back/2010/07/after-years-of-artist-activism-invisible-children-legislation-passes-in-us.html. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ "INT: Ryan Gosling". JoBlo.com. http://www.joblo.com/movie-news/interview-ryan-gosling. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
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External links [link]

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v t e Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead (2000–2020)

Javier Bardem (2000) Tom Wilkinson (2001) Derek Luke (2002) Bill Murray (2003) Paul Giamatti (2004) Philip Seymour Hoffman (2005) Ryan Gosling (2006) Philip Seymour Hoffman (2007) Mickey Rourke (2008) Jeff Bridges (2009) James Franco (2010) Jean Dujardin (2011)

Complete list (1985–1999) (2000–2020)

v t e MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss

1990s	Anna Chlumsky & Macaulay Culkin in My Girl (1992) Christian Slater & Marisa Tomei in Untamed Heart (1993) Demi Moore & Woody Harrelson in Indecent Proposal (1994) Jim Carrey & Lauren Holly in Dumb and Dumber (1995) Natasha Henstridge & Anthony Guidera in Species (1996) Will Smith & Vivica A. Fox in Independence Day (1997) Adam Sandler & Drew Barrymore in The Wedding Singer (1998) Gwyneth Paltrow & Joseph Fiennes in Shakespeare in Love (1999)

2000s	Sarah Michelle Gellar & Selma Blair in Cruel Intentions (2000) Julia Stiles & Sean Patrick Thomas in Save the Last Dance (2001) Jason Biggs & Seann William Scott in American Pie 2 (2002) Tobey Maguire & Kirsten Dunst in Spider-Man (2003) Owen Wilson, Carmen Electra, & Amy Smart in Starsky & Hutch (2004) Ryan Gosling & Rachel McAdams in The Notebook (2005) Heath Ledger & Jake Gyllenhaal in Brokeback Mountain (2006) Will Ferrell & Sacha Baron Cohen in Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2007) Briana Evigan & Robert Hoffman in Step Up 2: The Streets (2008) Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in Twilight (2009)

2010s	Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2010) Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2011)

Persondata
Name	Gosling, Ryan
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	November 12, 1980
Place of birth	London, Ontario, Canada
Date of death
Place of death

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Porter Robinson
Performing in January 2012.
Background information
Birth name	Porter Robinson
Born	(1992-07-15) July 15, 1992 (age 19)
Origin	Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
Genres	Complextro, Electro House, dubstep, Moombahton, trance, progressive house
Occupations	Producer, DJ, Musician
Years active	2010–present
Labels	OWSLA, Big Fish Recordings, Ministry Of Sound
Website	Porter Robinson Facebook Porter Robinson Twitter

Porter Robinson (born July 15, 1992) is an American electronic dance music producer and DJ from Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He primarily produces in the electro house genre. He also named the genre complextro when he created the portmanteau to describe his own sound.^[1]

1 Biography
- 1.1 Music career
- 1.2 Touring
2 Discography
3 References
4 External links

Biography [link]

Porter Robinson began producing at the age of 13 using Sony ACID Pro emulating sounds he heard from video games. He later began producing hands-up under the alias Ekowraith^[2] using FL Studio. It was at this time that Robinson became friends with a young Madeon, who was also producing hands-up under the name Deamon, and also using FL Studio.

Robinson primarily uses Lennard Digital Sylenth1, Native Instruments Massive, 3xOsc, Sytrus and several other commercial and free audio plugins.

He is currently 19 years old and recently graduated high school in his hometown of Chapel Hill, North Carolina.^[3]^[4]

Music career [link]

He has released a variety of original singles on Glamara Records and Big Fish Recordings. His first single, "Say My Name", was an enormous success, landing at #1 on Beatport's Electro House chart.^[5]^[6] In the summer of 2011 he signed with OWSLA, a new label operated by Skrillex, to release his first EP entitled Spitfire. Spitfire reached the number one spot on the iTunes Dance chart as well as the number one spot on Beatport's overall release chart.

Porter has been commissioned for official remixes by Lady Gaga (Interscope Records), Avicii (Ministry of Sound),^[7] Spencer & Hill (Bazooka Records)^[8] and Innerpartysystem (Red Bull Records).^[9]

Touring [link]

As a DJ, he has toured internationally^[10] and performed alongside artists including Deadmau5, Tiesto, David Guetta, Skrillex, Diplo, Madeon, Moby, Afrojack, Above & Beyond, Dada Life, A-Trak, Gareth Emery and many more.

He performed at many major music festivals during 2011 including Ultra Music Festival,^[11] Electric Daisy Carnival (3 cities),^[12] Electric Zoo,^[13] South by Southwest,^[14] Global Dance Festival, Virgin Mobile FreeFest, Beyond Wonderland,^[15] Electric Forest and Nocturnal Festival.^[16]

Throughout February 2011, he appeared on the Project Blue Book Tour with Skrillex and Tommy Lee & DJ Aero.^[17]

In June and July 2011, he performed as direct support to Skrillex on the OWSLA tour.^[18]

In August 2011 he toured throughout Australia and New Zealand.^{[citation needed]}

In September and October 2011, he performed as direct support to Tiesto on his College Invasion tour of the United States and Canada.^[19] Following this, Porter began a run of headline dates across clubs in North America as part of "The Spitfire Tour".^[20]

In 2012 he is announced to play festivals including Festival Imperial, Coachella, Future Music Festival, Ultra Music Festival, and Lollapalooza, and performed a live Essential Mix that was broadcasted from Hull City Hall, January 28 on BBC Radio 1 during his first trip to the UK. During the set, he played a new, unreleased track called "Language" which was later released on April 10.

Discography [link]

EPs [link]

Spitfire (2011)

Singles [link]

"Leaving" (2010)
"Get Brain" (2010)
"Say My Name" (2010)
"I'm On Fire" (2010)
"Hello" (with Lazy Rich and Sue Cho) (2010)
"The Wildcat" (2010)
"Language" (2012)

Remixes [link]

Picco , "Venga" (2010)
Heiko & Maiko, "Wer Ist Sie?" (2010)
Spencer & Hill, "Less Go" (2010)
Tim Berg, "Seek Bromance" (2010)
Yolanda Be Cool & Dcup, "We No Speak Americano" (2010)
Innerpartysystem, "American Trash" (2011)
Lady Gaga, "The Edge of Glory" (2011)

Persondata
Name	Robinson, Porter
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	July 15, 1992
Place of birth	Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_Robinson

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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