- published: 30 Sep 2011
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- author: HamiltonTourism
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Alberta
Alberta /ælˈbɜrtə/ is a province of Canada. It had a population of 3,645,257 in 2011, making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Alberta and its neighbour, Saskatchewan, were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.
Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the US state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and is also one of only two provinces that are landlocked.
Edmonton, the capital city of Alberta, is located near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's oil sands and other northern resource industries. Approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the capital is Calgary, Alberta's largest city and a major distribution and transportation hub. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding 1 million.Census agglomerations in the province include Lethbridge, Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Wood Buffalo (includes Fort McMurray), Grande Prairie, Lloydminster, Okotoks, Brooks, Camrose, Cold Lake, High River, Sylvan Lake, Wetaskiwin, Strathmore, Canmore, and Lacombe. Notable tourist destinations in the province include Canmore, Sylvan Lake, Drumheller, Banff, and Jasper.
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Algoma District
Algoma District is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858 comprising territory as far west as Minnesota. Since then, it has shrunk, as other districts were created from it by the provincial government:
The district seat is Sault Ste. Marie.
The rugged scenery of this region has inspired works by Canadian artists, particularly the Group of Seven, who rented a boxcar from the Algoma Central Railway during excursions through this region.
Communities within these subdivisions are added in parentheses.
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Alliston
Alliston is a settlement in Simcoe County in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is part of the Town of New Tecumseth since the 1991 amalgamation of Alliston and nearby villages of Beeton, Tottenham, and the Township of Tecumseth. The primary downtown area is located along Highway 89, known as Victoria Street.
The town grew as a commercial centre for the area farmers and was best known as a potato-growing area. It is still a major industry in the town and is celebrated by the annual Alliston Potato Festival. Honda of Canada Manufacturing operates a large auto manufacturing facility southeast of Alliston, currently consisting of three major factories. In the 2011 census, the town of Alliston grew by 23% since 2006 to 15,379. This is over 4 times the average in the county of Simcoe.
Alliston traces its history to three brothers, William, John and Dickson Fletcher. Dissatisfied with life in England, the three left for Toronto, working farms in Toronto Gore northwest of the city. In 1821 William purchased Lot 15, Consession 3, Tecumseth Township. He married in 1828, and in 1847 went scouting locations for the construction of a mill with his son John. The chose a location at Lot 1, Consession 1, Essa Township, at the corner where four of the original townships of southern Simcoe County (Adjala, Tosorontio, Essa, and Tecumseth) meet. In early November they built a cabin on the property, and the rest of the family joined them in April the next year. A larger house, known as Fletcher House, was built in 1849, and still stands at 18 Fletcher Crescent.
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Alliston, Ontario
Alliston is a settlement in Simcoe County in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is part of the Town of New Tecumseth since the 1991 amalgamation of Alliston and nearby villages of Beeton, Tottenham, and the Township of Tecumseth. The primary downtown area is located along Highway 89, known as Victoria Street.
The town grew as a commercial centre for the area farmers and was best known as a potato-growing area. It is still a major industry in the town and is celebrated by the annual Alliston Potato Festival. Honda of Canada Manufacturing operates a large auto manufacturing facility southeast of Alliston, currently consisting of three major factories. In the 2011 census, the town of Alliston grew by 23% since 2006 to 15,379. This is over 4 times the average in the county of Simcoe.
Alliston traces its history to three brothers, William, John and Dickson Fletcher. Dissatisfied with life in England, the three left for Toronto, working farms in Toronto Gore northwest of the city. In 1821 William purchased Lot 15, Consession 3, Tecumseth Township. He married in 1828, and in 1847 went scouting locations for the construction of a mill with his son John. The chose a location at Lot 1, Consession 1, Essa Township, at the corner where four of the original townships of southern Simcoe County (Adjala, Tosorontio, Essa, and Tecumseth) meet. In early November they built a cabin on the property, and the rest of the family joined them in April the next year. A larger house, known as Fletcher House, was built in 1849, and still stands at 18 Fletcher Crescent.
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Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it as one of the mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.
Almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America, the Arctic Ocean is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year (and almost completely in winter). The Arctic Ocean's temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy freshwater inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities. The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50%. The US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past years.
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Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada is the region of Canada comprising the four provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec: the three Maritime provinces – New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia – and Newfoundland and Labrador. The population of the four Atlantic provinces in 2011, was 2,327,638.
The first premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Joey Smallwood, coined the term Atlantic Canada when Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949. He believed it would be presumptuous for Newfoundland and Labrador to assume that it could include itself within the existing term "Maritime Provinces", used to describe the cultural similarities shared by New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. The three Maritime provinces joined Confederation in the nineteenth century: New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in 1867 and Prince Edward Island in 1873.
2011 census figures for metropolitan areas in Atlantic Canada. The list includes communities above 15,000, by population/metro area:
Coordinates: 47°N 62°W / 47°N 62°W / 47; -62
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Battle of York
The Battle of York was a battle of the War of 1812 fought on 27 April 1813, at York, Upper Canada (present day Toronto). An American force supported by a naval flotilla landed on the lake shore to the west, defeated the defending British force and captured the town and dockyard. The American forces subsequently carried out several acts of arson and looting in the town before withdrawing.
York, the provincial capital of Upper Canada, stood on the north shore of Lake Ontario. During the War of 1812, the lake was both the front line between Upper Canada and the United States, and also part of the principal British supply line from Quebec to the various armies and outposts to the west. At the start of the war, the British had a small naval force, the Provincial Marine, with which they seized control of the lake, and also of Lake Erie. This made it possible for Major General Isaac Brock, leading the British forces in Upper Canada, to gain several important victories during 1812 by shifting his small force rapidly between threatened points to defeat disjointed American attacks individually.
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British Columbia
British Columbia
i/ˌbrɪtɪʃ kəˈlʌmbiə/ (B.C. or BC) (French: la Colombie-Britannique, C.-B.) is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without Diminishment"). Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858. In 1871, it became the sixth province of Canada.
As well as being the westernmost province of Western Canada, British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest, along with the US states of Oregon and Washington. The province has strong cultural and personal ties to the Prairie Provinces and Ontario as well as to the West Coast of the United States and to Alaska and the Yukon.
The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, the 15th largest metropolitan region in Canada. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, and the second largest in the Pacific Northwest. In 2009, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,419,974 (about two and a half million of whom were in Greater Vancouver). The province is currently governed by the BC Liberal Party, led by Premier Christy Clark, who became leader as a result of the party election on February 26, 2011.
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Buffalo, New York
Buffalo (
/ˈbʌfəloʊ/) is the second most populous city in the state of New York, after New York City. Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River across from Fort Erie, Ontario, Buffalo is the seat of Erie County and the principal city of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the largest in Upstate New York. Buffalo itself has a population of 261,310 (2010 Census) and the Buffalo–Niagara–Cattaraugus Combined Statistical Area is home to 1,215,826 residents.
Originating around 1789 as a small trading community near the eponymous Buffalo Creek, Buffalo grew quickly after the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, with the city as its western terminus. By 1900, Buffalo was the 8th largest city in the United States, and went on to become a major railroad hub, and the largest grain-milling center in the country. The latter part of the 20th century saw a reversal of fortunes: Great Lakes shipping was rerouted by the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway, and steel mills and other heavy industry relocated to places such as China. With the start of Amtrak in the 1970s, Buffalo Central Terminal was also abandoned, and trains were rerouted to nearby Depew, New York (Buffalo-Depew) and Exchange Street Station. By 1990 the city had fallen back below its 1900 population levels.
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California
California (pronouncedi/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
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Central Canada
Central Canada (sometimes the Central provinces) is a region consisting of Canada's two largest and most populous provinces: Ontario and Quebec. Due to their high populations, Ontario and Quebec have traditionally held a significant amount of political power in Canada, leading to some amount of resentment from other regions of the country. Before Confederation, the term 'Canada' specifically referred to Central Canada. Today, the term "Central Canada" is less often used than the names of the individual provinces.
The name of Central Canada alludes to the region being the median of economic and political power and not to the geographic median of Canada. The region's traditional boundaries were therefore determined by the population distribution which has been skewed to the east. In fact, the region is located entirely in the eastern half of the country, with Quebec extending further east than every province, except for Newfoundland and Labrador. Longitudinally, the middle of Canada is a meridian passing just east of Winnipeg, Manitoba; the geographic centre of Canada is located near Baker Lake, Nunavut.
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Central Ontario
Central Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies between Georgian Bay and the eastern end of Lake Ontario.
The population of the region was 1,035,792 in 2006; however, this number does not include large numbers of seasonal cottage country residents, which at peak times of the year swell its population to well in excess of 1.5 million. Although it contains many small and medium sized urban centres, much of Central Ontario is covered by farms, lakes (with freshwater beaches), rivers or sparsely populated forested land on the southern edge of the Canadian Shield.
Central Ontario is located within Southern Ontario. It is not geographically close to the actual "centre" of Ontario as its name would suggest, but in the central third of Southern Ontario on a horizontal west to east axis.
Parry Sound District and Muskoka District are within Central Ontario, but are treated as part of Northern Ontario by federal economic development programs because of these districts' special economic circumstances; Parry Sound, but not Muskoka, is now classed with Northern Ontario by the provincial government.
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Clarence-Rockland
Clarence-Rockland is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell on the Ottawa River. Clarence-Rockland is located immediately to the east of Ottawa and is considered part of Canada's National Capital Region in the census.
The city was formed on January 1, 1998, through the amalgamation of the Town of Rockland with Clarence Township.
The city includes the communities of Bourget, Cheney, Clarence, Clarence Creek, Ettyville, Hammond, Rockland, Saint-Pascal-Baylon, Saint-Felix and Vinette.
The city is officially bilingual. It is 68 per cent francophone and is the largest majority-francophone city in North America outside of Quebec or Haiti, recently achieving a greater population than Edmundston, New Brunswick. (There are higher numbers of francophones in other Canadian cities such as Ottawa (122,665), Sudbury (45,420), Toronto (34,900), Winnipeg (26,855), Moncton (20,425) and Timmins (17,390), but French speakers in these cities are a minority.)
On January 10, 2005, Clarence-Rockland became the first Ontario city to pass a bylaw requiring all new businesses to post signs in both official languages. City council noted that the bylaw was intended to address the existence of both English-only and French-only commercial signage in the municipality.
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Clarington
Clarington (2011 population 84,548) is a municipality in Ontario, Canada in the Regional Municipality of Durham. It was created in 1973 with the merging of the Town of Bowmanville, and the townships of Clarke and Darlington. It took its present name in 1994 after having been known as the Town of Newcastle from 1974-93. The name change was made to alleviate long-standing confusion between the municipality as a whole and the included village of the same name. Bowmanville is the largest community in the municipality and is the home of the municipal offices. The name "Clarington" is a portmanteau of the names of the two historical townships, Clarke and Darlington, that made up the majority of the geographic area.
It is part of the census metropolitan area of Oshawa and forms the eastern end of the Greater Toronto Area. Major employers in Clarington include the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station, General Motors in Oshawa, and several medium-to-large sized manufacturing businesses; however, most residents travel to points west in Durham Region or to Toronto for employment[citation needed].Clarington was a candidate in the race to host ITER in 2001, but the Canadian bid to host the project was withdrawn two years later.
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Cobalt, Ontario
Cobalt is a town in the district of Timiskaming, province of Ontario, Canada, with a population of 1,133 (as per the Canada 2011 Census.)
In 2001 Cobalt was named "Ontario's Most Historic Town" by a panel of judges on the TV Ontario program Studio 2, and in 2002 the area was designated a National Historic Site.
Silver was discovered in the area in the summer of 1903, during the construction of the Temiskaming & Northern Ontario Railway from North Bay to the communities of Haileybury and New Liskeard, north of Cobalt. Within a few years the area was one of the largest silver producing areas in the world. Speculation over mining stocks led to riots on Wall Street in New York City. The town was incorporated in 1906. Its population swelled and peaked at 7,000. In 1911, silver production exceeded 30,000,000 ounces (937.5 tons). Mining continued until the 1930s, then slowed to a trickle. Activity renewed in the 1950s then slowly dropped off, and there are no longer any operating mines in the area. However, one mill still operates in the area, and there continues to be exploration, including exploration for diamonds.
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Corn Belt
The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States where corn has, since the 1850s, been the predominant crop, replacing the native tall grasses. By 1950, 99% of the corn was grown from hybrids. Most corn is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades soybeans have grown in importance. The U.S. produces 40% of the world crop.
Geographic definitions of the region vary. Typically it is defined to include Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Minnesota and parts of Missouri. As of 2008, the top four corn-producing states were Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota, together accounting for more than half of the corn grown in the United States. The Corn Belt also sometimes is defined to include parts of South Dakota, North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Kentucky. The region is characterized by relatively level land and deep, fertile soils, high in organic matter.
More generally "Corn Belt" represents the most intensively agricultural region of the Midwest, connoting a lifestyle based on ownership of family farms, with supporting small towns and powerful farm organizations that lobbied to obtain higher prices.
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County of Brant
The County of Brant (2011 population 35,638) is a single-tier municipality and a census division in the Canadian province of Ontario. Despite its name, it is not a county by the standard definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The county has service offices in Burford, Paris and St. George.
It is a small, predominantly rural municipality in Southern Ontario, approximately 100 kilometres southwest of Toronto. It is bordered by the Region of Waterloo, the City of Hamilton, Haldimand County, Norfolk County, and Oxford County. The County abuts the Greenbelt.
Geographically, the city of Brantford is surrounded by the County of Brant. In Statistics Canada's census data, the Brant census division also includes Brantford and the Six Nations and New Credit reserves, although none of these is part of Brant's municipal government. The census division of Brant, inclusive of all four distinct municipalities, had a population of 136,035 in the 2011 census.
The primary centres in Brant are Paris, St. George and Burford. Smaller communities in the municipality include Bishopsgate, Burtch, Cainsville, Cathcart, East Oakland, Etonia, Fairfield, Falkland, Glen Morris, Gobles, Harley, Harrisburg, Hatchley, Langford, Lockie, Maple Grove, Middleport, Mount Pleasant, Mount Vernon, New Durham, Newport, Northfield, Northfield Centre, Oakland, Onondaga, Osborne Corners, and Scotland.
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Dalhousie District
The Dalhousie District was a historic district in Upper Canada which existed until 1849. It was created in 1838 from Carleton County in the Bathurst District. Townships from the Johnstown and Ottawa districts were added to Carleton County at the same time.
The district town was Bytown, later Ottawa.
In 1849, the district was replaced by Carleton County.
Coordinates: 45°10′N 75°45′W / 45.167°N 75.75°W / 45.167; -75.75
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Detroit–Windsor
The Detroit–Windsor region is an international urban area centred on the American city of Detroit, Michigan, the Canadian city of Windsor, Ontario and the Detroit River between them. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–United States border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. It is North America's largest cross-border conurbation. Quebec City–Windsor Corridor contains 18 million people, with 51% of the Canadian population and three out of the four largest metropolitan areas, according to the 2001 Census.
The Detroit–Windsor area covers the southeastern Michigan counties of St. Clair, Macomb, Lapeer, Genesee, Livingston, Oakland, Washtenaw, Monroe and Wayne; the Southern Ontario City of Windsor and counties of Essex, Lambton, Kent, and Middlesex; and the northwest Ohio counties of Lucas (which includes the City of Toledo), Fulton, Wood, Ottawa, and Sandusky.[citation needed]
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Dundurn Castle
Dundurn Castle is a historic neoclassical mansion on York Boulevard in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m2) house took three years and $175,000.00 to build, and was completed in 1835. The seventy-two room castle featured the latest conveniences of gas lighting and running water. It is currently owned by the City of Hamilton, which purchased it in 1900 for $50,000. The City has spent nearly $3 million renovating the site to make 42 of the original 72 rooms open to the public. The rooms have been restored to the year 1855 when its owner Sir Allan Napier MacNab, 1st Baronet, was at the height of his career. Costumed interpreters guide visitors through the home, illustrating daily life from the 1850s. Currently, the Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla Parker-Bowles is the Royal Patron of Dundurn Castle.
Dundurn Castle, a Regency house, was completed in 1835 by architect Robert Charles Wetherell. MacNab purchased the property from Richard Beasley, one of Hamilton's early settlers, when financial difficulties forced Beasley to sell lands at Burlington Heights (present day Dundurn Park), and MacNab built Dundurn Castle on the foundations of Beasley's brick home. Once built, Dundurn Castle became famous all over the country for its grand entertainments. Sir John A. Macdonald and King Edward VII are among those who have been entertained there.
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Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,603,625 in 2006) is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies in a wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River. It shares water boundaries with Quebec to the north and New York State to the east and south, as well as a small land boundary with the Vaudreuil-Soulanges region of Quebec to the east.
It includes the census divisions of the following: the counties of Prescott and Russell, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Lanark, Renfrew, Leeds and Grenville, Frontenac and Lennox and Addington; and the single-tier municipality of Ottawa.
Some sources may also include Hastings, Prince Edward, and sometimes even Northumberland in the definition of Eastern Ontario, but others classify them as Central Ontario. Strictly speaking, Eastern Ontario refers to the part of the province that lies east of where Lake Ontario narrows into the St. Lawrence River.[citation needed]
The region may also be referred to as Southeastern Ontario to differentiate it from the Northern Ontario subregion of Northeastern Ontario.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Gananoque, Ontario
Gananoque ( /ˌɡænəˈnɒkweɪ/ GAN-ə-NOK-way) is a town in Leeds and Grenville United Counties, Ontario, Canada. The town had a population of 5,194 year-round residents in the Canada 2011 Census, as well as summer residents sometimes referred to as "Islanders" because of the Thousand Islands in the Saint Lawrence River, Gananoque's most important tourist attraction.
The Gananoque River flows through the town, and the St. Lawrence River is the southern boundary of the town. The local industry is an ECG electrode manufacturer, Covidien.
The town's name is an aboriginal name which means "town on two rivers". The town's name rhymes with the placename Cataraqui, which appears in the Cataraqui River, the Little Cataraqui Creek, and the Cataraqui Cemetery in nearby Kingston, Ontario. One way to remember its pronunciation is "The right way, the wrong way, and the Gananoque". In Eastern Ontario speech, the town name is often abbreviated to Gan (rhymes with can), though it is rarely written that way.
Colonel Joel Stone, who served with Loyalist militia during the American Revolutionary War, established a settlement on this site in 1789. Land was granted to Col. Stone for use as a mill site.
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Gatineau
Gatineau (/ɡætˈənoʊ/) is a city in western Quebec, Canada. It is the fourth largest city in the province. It is located on the northern banks of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, Ontario, and together they form Canada's National Capital Region. Ottawa and Gatineau comprise a single Census Metropolitan Area. As of 2011 Gatineau had a population of 265,349, and metropolitan population of 314,501 for the Quebec part of the Ottawa-Gatineau Census Metropolitan Area; the full census metropolitan area, including Ottawa and the rest of the Ontario part, had a population of 1,236,324.
Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.
The current city of Gatineau is centred on area called Hull, the oldest non-native settlement in the National Capital Region. It was founded on the north shore of the Ottawa River in 1800 by Philemon Wright at the portage around the Chaudière Falls just upstream (or west) from where the Gatineau and Rideau Rivers flow into the Ottawa. Wright brought his family, five other families and twenty-five labourers and a plan to establish an agriculturally based community to what was then a mosquito-infested wilderness. But soon after, Wright and his family took advantage of the large lumber stands and became involved in the timber trade. The original settlement was called Wrightstown, later it became Hull and in 2002, after amalgamation, the City of Gatineau.
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Golden Horseshoe
The Golden Horseshoe is a subregion of Southern Ontario, Canada which lies at the western end of Lake Ontario with outer boundaries stretching south to Lake Erie and north to Georgian Bay. The region is densely populated and industrialized. Most of it is also part of the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor and the Great Lakes Megalopolis. With a population of 6.5 million people, it makes up slightly over 19% of the population of Canada and contains approximately 49% of Ontario's population, making it one of the largest population concentrations in North America. Although it is a geographically named sub-region of Southern Ontario, the Greater Golden Horseshoe is also used today to describe the metropolitan region that stretches across the area in totality, including smaller centres outside of the core region.
The core of the region starts from Niagara Falls at the eastern end of the Niagara Peninsula and extends west, wrapping around the western end of Lake Ontario at Hamilton and then turning northeast to its anchor city Toronto (on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario), before finally terminating at Oshawa, just east of Toronto. The wider region spreads inland in all directions away from the Lake Ontario shoreline, southwest to Brantford, west to the Kitchener-Waterloo area, north to Barrie, and northeast to Peterborough. The whole region's area covers approximately 33,500 km2 (13,000 sq mi), out of this, 7,300 km2 (2,800 sq mi) is covered by the Greenbelt.
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Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater lakes located in northeastern North America, on the Canada–United States border which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes Waterway. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth comprising 21% of the world's surface fresh water. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km2), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km3). The lakes are sometimes referred to as the North Coast or "Third Coast" by some citizens of the United States.
The lakes have been a major source of trade through this area, and they are home to a large number of aquatic species. Many invasive species have been introduced due to trade in the area, and some threaten the biodiversity of the area.
Though the five lakes reside in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water. The lakes form a chain connecting the east-central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the St. Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Michigan-Huron (in the hydrological sense, a single body of water), southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. The Great Lakes region contains not only the five themselves but also many thousands of smaller lakes, often called inland lakes. Of the five lakes, Lake Michigan is the only one that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water border between the United States and Canada.
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Greater Sudbury
Greater Sudbury (2011 census population 160,274) is a city in Ontario, Canada. Originally named Sainte-Anne-des-Pins, Greater Sudbury was created in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury, along with several previously unincorporated geographic townships. Once a world leader in nickel mining, Sudbury is now the major retail, economic, health and educational centre for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury is also home to a large Franco-Ontarian population which influences its arts and culture.
It is the largest city in the Northern Ontario region by population, and the 24th largest metropolitan area in Canada. By land area, it is the largest city in Ontario, and the seventh largest municipality by area in Canada. Greater Sudbury is one of only five cities in Ontario that constitutes its own independent census divisions, and is not part of any district, county or regional municipality. It is also the only city in Ontario which has two official names; its name in French is Grand-Sudbury. Unlike designations such as Greater Toronto, the name "Greater Sudbury" refers to a single city, not a conurbation of independent municipalities. However, Sudbury is still the common name for the city in everyday usage.
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Greater Toronto Area
The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is the largest metropolitan area in Canada, with a 2011 census population of over 6 million. The Greater Toronto Area is defined as the central city of Toronto, along with four regional municipalities surrounding it: Durham, Halton, Peel, and York.
The Greater Toronto Area is different from the Census Metropolitan Area of Toronto, which covers a smaller region. As of early 21st century, the regional span of the Greater Toronto Area is sometimes extended to include the city of Hamilton, Ontario and its surrounding region, to form the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, an urban area which has a total population ranked among the top 50 in the world.
The term Greater Toronto has been used in writing as early as the 1900s, although at the time, the term only referred to the former City of Toronto and its immediate townships and villages, which became Metropolitan Toronto in 1954 and became the current city of Toronto in 1998. The usage of the term involving the four regional municipalities came into formal use in the mid-1980s, after it was used in a widely discussed report on municipal governance restructuring in the region and was later made official as a provincial planning area. However it did not come into everyday usage until the mid- to late 1990s. In 2006, the term began to be supplanted in the field of spatial planning as provincial policy increasingly began to refer to either the "Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area" (GTHA) or the still-broader "Greater Golden Horseshoe". The latter includes communities like Barrie, Guelph and the Niagara Region. The GTA continues, however, to be in official use elsewhere in the Government of Ontario, such as the Ministry of Finance.
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Grimsby, Ontario
Grimsby is a town on Lake Ontario in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Grimsby is a part of the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area. The majority of residents reside in the area bounded by Lake Ontario and the Niagara Escarpment. The escarpment (colloquially known as 'the mountain') is home to a section of the Bruce Trail.
Grimsby has experienced significant growth over the past decade as the midpoint between Hamilton and St. Catharines. Growth is limited by the natural boundaries of Lake Ontario and the Niagara Escarpment and has almost come to a stop as a result of the Greenbelt Plan which has permanently frozen Grimsby's urban boundary. Some residents feel that development is detrimental to the town as orchards close to the town centre are used for residential development; however, most of the orchards in Grimsby were replaced by houses between the 1950s and 1980s and very few orchards remain.
Some notable attractions in Grimsby are the local skatepark, the Grimsby Museum, the Grimsby Public Library, the Grimsby Public Art Gallery, the West Niagara YMCA, the Danish Church and the hockey arena (Peach King Centre), home of the Grimsby Peach Kings.
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Haldimand County
Haldimand is a rural city-status single-tier municipality (but called a county) on the Niagara Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie, and on the Grand River. Municipal offices are located in Cayuga.
Haldimand's history has been closely associated with that of the neighbouring Norfolk County. Haldimand was first created as a county in 1800, from a portion of Norfolk. It was named after the governor of the Province of Quebec Sir Frederick Haldimand. In 1844 the land was surrendered by Six Nations to the Crown in an agreement that was signed by the vast majority of Chiefs in the Haldimand tract[citation needed]. The two counties were separate until 1974, when they were reunited as the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk.
In 2001, the counties were separated again, but the lower-tier municipalities from the former Haldimand-Norfolk were merged into two single-tier municipalities. Although they both retained the name "county" for historical reasons, each is governed as a single municipality without lower-tier governments. Haldimand was formed through the amalgamation of the former Towns of Haldimand and Dunnville, and the eastern half of the City of Nanticoke.
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Haliburton County
Haliburton is a county of Ontario, Canada, known as a tourist and cottage area in Central Ontario for its scenery and for its resident artists. Minden Hills is the county seat. Haliburton County was established in 1983, but had existed as the Provisional County of Haliburton since 1874. Haliburton County and the village of Haliburton, are named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, author, statesman, and the first chairman of the Canadian Land and Emigration Company.
Haliburton is a village on Head Lake inside Haliburton County which is its namesake. The county also contains the village of Minden, as well as the smaller communities of Wilberforce, Gooderham, Irondale, Cardiff, West Guilford, Eagle Lake and Fort Irwin. The county borders Algonquin Park on the north.
The county is serviced by two hospitals, one in Haliburton and one in Minden. Both are administrated by Haliburton Highlands Health Services.
Haliburton County is dubbed the "Haliburton Highlands". This is in part attributed to its similarity to the Scottish Highlands, and the Scottish ancestry of the founding population. The Haliburton Highlands region is also one of the higher points on the Canadian Shield, ranging from 1,066 feet (325 m) at the Haliburton/Stanhope Municipal Airport to 1,450 feet (440 m) above sea level at Sir Sam's Ski Resort in Eagle Lake.
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Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton ( /ˈhæməltən/; 2011 population 519,949; UA population 670,580; CMA population 721,053) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower-tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth with the upper-tier regional government. Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians. Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.
Hamilton is home to the shared Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the Bruce Trail, McMaster University and Mohawk College. The Canadian Football Hall of Fame can be found downtown right beside Hamilton City Hall and across town to the east, the Canadian Football League's Hamilton Tiger-Cats play at Ivor Wynne Stadium.
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Hastings County
Hastings County is located in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is The Cheese Capital of Canada. Geographically, it is located on the border of Eastern Ontario and Central Ontario. With an area of 6,103.48 square kilometres (2,356.57 sq mi) reaching nearly 100 miles (160 km) from north to south, Hastings County is the second largest county in Ontario.
The seat of the county is Belleville.
The 14 municipalities within the county are:
First Nation reserve:
The cities of Belleville and Quinte West are separated municipalities, meaning that they are within the boundaries of the county and included in the census division, but not under the administration of the county government.
The first boundaries of Hastings County were established 1792 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. The southern boundary was the Bay of Quinte, the eastern boundary was Lennox County and the western boundary ran from the Trent River to the Ottawa River, in a triangular shape. The County consisted of Sidney, Thurlow, Rawdon, Huntingdon and Hungerford townships as well as the Mohawk Tract. The area was named for Francis Rawdon-Hastings.
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Innisfil, Ontario
Innisfil is a town in Ontario, Canada, located on the western shore of Lake Simcoe in Simcoe County, immediately south of Barrie and 80 kilometres north of Toronto. It has historically been a rural area, but growth in the Barrie area and the Greater Toronto Area has meant greater residential development in Innisfil.
The history of Innisfil spans a period in excess of 170 years. The Town was hewn from almost unbroken virgin forests which had been home to the Huron Indians, and was first surveyed in 1820. The area encompassed 68,653 acres (278 km²), including the villages of Allandale, Tollendal, Painswick, Minets Point, and Holly at the time.
The first settlers were the Hewson & Soules families who came by way of the East Holland River and Lake Simcoe to settle at Point Endeavour that they then renamed Hewson's Point (later named Big Bay Point). The Hewsons settled on March 30, 1820 and the Soules in 1822. The Warnica family settled the following year, in 1823, in the area now known as Painswick. The first sawmill in the Township was built at Tollendal by George McMullen in 1829. At this time James Soules owned a sawmill on the south half of lot 26 concession fourteen (Big Bay Point), Innisfil where he made the lumber for the construction of the first frame house in Innisfil for Lewis J. Clement.
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Interior Plateau
The Interior Plateau comprises a large region of central British Columbia, and lies between the Cariboo and Monashee Mountains on the east, and the Hazelton Mountains, Coast Mountains and Cascade Range on the west. The continuation of the plateau into the United States is known there as the Columbia Plateau. The Interior Plateau is not part of the Interior Mountains, a huge area that constitutes most of the northern two thirds of the Canadian province of British Columbia between the Coast Mountains, Rocky Mountains and the various small ranges on the inland lea of the Coast Mountains between the Bulkley Ranges and the Bella Coola River. Physiographically, the Interior Plateau is a section of the larger Northern Plateaus province, which in turn is part of the Intermontane Plateaus physiographic division.
It has several subdivisions, these being:
The Cariboo and Chilcotin Plateaus are separate by the Fraser River. The Nechako Plateau flanks the Fraser on both sides; its southern boundary is defined by the West Road River (aka the Blackwater River) and the Quesnel River, and its northern boundary are the Omineca Mountains and the Cassiar Mountains, which are two major subdivisions of the Interior Mountains.
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Kawartha Lakes
The city of Kawartha Lakes (2011 population 73,214) is a unitary municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. Although called a city, Kawartha Lakes is the size of a typical Ontarian county and is mostly rural.
The main population centres are Bobcaygeon, Fenelon Falls, Lindsay, Omemee and Woodville.
The city's name comes from the name of the Kawartha lakes. The term Kawartha is an anglicization of the word Ka-wa-tha (from Ka-wa-tae-gum-maug or Gaa-waategamaag, meaning), a word coined in 1895 by aboriginal Martha Whetung of the Curve Lake First Nations. The word meant "land of reflections" in the Anishinaabe language, according to Whetung. The word was subsequently changed by tourism promoters to Kawartha, meaning "bright waters and happy lands."
Prior to its restructuring as a city, the area was known as Victoria County. The city was created in 2001, during the ruling provincial Progressive Conservative party's "Common Sense Revolution". Through provincial legislation, the former Victoria County and its constituent municipalities were amalgamated into one entity named the City of Kawartha Lakes.
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Kingston, Ontario
Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located in Eastern Ontario where the St. Lawrence River flows out of Lake Ontario. Originally a First Nations settlement, growing European exploration in the 17th Century made it an important trading post. In order to control the fur trade, French explorer LaSalle founded Fort Frontenac in 1673.
Located midway between Toronto and Montreal, Kingston was named the first capital of the Province of Canada on February 15, 1841, by Governor Lord Sydenham. While its time as a political centre was short, Kingston remained an important military installation.
Kingston is the county seat of Frontenac County. According to the 2011 Canadian census, the population of the city proper was 123,363, while the population of the metropolitan area was 159,561.
Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many historic buildings built from the local limestone.
The French originally settled upon a traditional Mississaugas First Nation site called Katarokwi (Cataraqui in the common transliteration, and according to French pronunciation rules should be said "kah-tah-RAH-kee," although it is generally pronounced "kah-tah-ROCK-way") in 1673 and established Fort Cataraqui, later to be called Fort Frontenac. The fort was captured and destroyed by the British in the Battle of Fort Frontenac during the Seven Years' War in 1758. A receiving centre for fleeing refugees from the American Revolution some years later, Kingston became the primary community of southeastern Upper Canada.
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Kitchener, Ontario
The City of Kitchener ( /ˈkɪtʃɨnər/) is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo. It was the Town of Berlin from 1854 until 1912 and the City of Berlin from 1912 until 1916. The city had a population of 219,153 in the 2011 Census. The metropolitan area, which includes the neighbouring cities of Waterloo and Cambridge, has 477,160 people, making it the tenth largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth largest CMA in Ontario.. The city is adjacent to the smaller cities of Cambridge to the south, and Waterloo to the north. Kitchener and Waterloo are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener-Waterloo" (K-W), although they have separate municipal governments. Including Cambridge, the three cities are known as "the tri-cities".
The City of Kitchener covers an area of 136.86 square kilometres.
Kitchener is located in Southwestern Ontario,in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands. This geological and climatic region has wet-climate soils and deciduous forests. Located in the Grand River Valley, the area is generally above 300m (1000') in elevation.
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Lakeshore, Ontario
Lakeshore is a town in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, on Lake St. Clair. Its nearest city is Windsor, located in Essex County. The town was incorporated in 1999 by amalgamating the Town of Belle River with the townships of Maidstone, Rochester, Tilbury North, and Tilbury West.
Lakeshore has a significant concentration of Franco-Ontarians, and is one of only three communities in Southern Ontario (excluding Eastern Ontario) where francophones, as a percentage of the community's population, exceed the provincial average of five per cent. The other two are Welland and Penetanguishene.
The town comprises the communities of Belle River, Comber, Deerbrook, Elmstead, Emeryville, Haycroft, Lighthouse Cove, North Woodslee, Pike Creek, Pleasant Park, Puce, Ruscom Station, South Woodslee, St. Joachim, Stoney Point and Strangfield.
A small portion of the township's easternmost area may also be considered part of Tilbury, although Tilbury proper is located in the neighbouring municipality of Chatham-Kent.
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LaSalle, Ontario
LaSalle is a town in Essex County, Ontario, Canada. It is a bedroom community of the City of Windsor and part of the Windsor Census Metropolitan Area, and is located south of that city. LaSalle, along with Windsor, is the oldest French settlement area in Southwestern Ontario, and the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Canada west of the Quebec border. The town was named for explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and includes Fighting Island, in the Detroit River at its western side, an island that is privately owned by the world's largest chemical company, BASF.
One of LaSalle's biggest events is the annual Strawberry Festival, which takes place on the first weekend in June.
In LaSalle, most teenagers attend either Sandwich Secondary School or St. Thomas of Villanova Catholic Secondary School. The attendance to both is relatively close in numbers.
LaSalle also has its own small but growing bicycle trail network, named the "LaSalle Trail", which links up to neighbouring Windsor, Ontario's own "Windsor Trail" network, allowing people to ride from Sandwich Secondary School all the way to Windsor's Riverfront Trail. The town has also expressed interest and intentions to connect LaSalle (and indirectly, Windsor) to the Chrysler Canada Greenway by wanting to construct a link to the Trans-Canada Trail near Oldcastle, Ontario.
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London, Ontario
London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, situated along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 366,151 according to the 2011 Canadian census. London is the seat of Middlesex County, at the forks of the non-navigable Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan. The City of London is a separated municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County, though it remains the official county seat.
London was first settled by Europeans between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman and became a village in 1826. Since then, London has grown into the largest Southwestern Ontario municipality, annexing many of the smaller communities that surrounded it. The city has developed a strong focus towards education, health care, tourism, and manufacturing.
London is home to Fanshawe College and the University of Western Ontario, which contributes to the city's reputation as an international centre of higher education, scientific research and cultural activity. The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits. London's festivals contribute to its tourism industry, but its economic activity is centred on education, medical research, insurance, and information technology. London's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers. London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Detroit, and Sarnia. It also has an international airport, train and bus station.
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Long Point, Ontario
This page relates to a sandspit in Norfolk County, Ontario. For other places called Long Point, see Long Point (disambiguation)
Long Point is a sand spit and medium-sized hamlet on the north shore of Lake Erie, part of Norfolk County in the province of Ontario, Canada.
It is about 40 kilometres long and is about a kilometre across at its widest point. Lake Erie lies to the south of Long Point, and the waters to the north side comprise Long Point Bay. The bay is subdivided into the Inner Bay and Outer Bay by a line that runs between Turkey Point to the north and Pottahawk Point to the south. Some of the towns along the bay's north shore include Port Rowan, Turkey Point and Port Dover. Long Point is north and across the lake from Erie, Pennsylvania.
The year-round population is about 450 people, but the population increases to about 5,000 in summer months when cottagers and campers visit. Long Point is popular destination for boating, swimming, fishing, waterfowl-hunting and canoeing, and more than 100,000 visitors each year. A large portion of Long Point is owned by The Long Point Company, a private organization that does not allow the public onto its property. Because of this, the bulk of homes, cottages and business are within the first few kilometres of the causeway that carries the road between Long Point and the mainland.
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Manitoba
Manitobai/ˌmænəˈtoʊbə/ is a Canadian prairie province. The province, with an area of 649,950 square kilometres (250,900 sq mi), has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other major industries are transportation, manufacturing, mining, forestry, energy, and tourism.
Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is Canada's eighth-largest Census Metropolitan Area, and home to 60 percent of the population of the province. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the highest court in the jurisdiction, the Manitoba Court of Appeal. Four of the province's five universities, all four of its professional sports teams, and most of its cultural activities are located in Winnipeg.
Fur traders first arrived during the late 17th century. Manitoba became a province of Canada in 1870 after the Red River Rebellion. A general strike took place in Winnipeg in 1919, and the province was hit hard by the Great Depression. This led to the creation of what would become the New Democratic Party of Manitoba, one of the province's major political parties and currently in power, led by premier Greg Selinger.
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Manitoulin District
Manitoulin District is a district in Northeastern Ontario within the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1888 from part of Algoma District. The district seat is Gore Bay.
It comprises Manitoulin Island and a number of small islands around it, making it the smallest district in Ontario. Previously it included the municipality of Killarney on the mainland, until this was transferred to Sudbury District in the late 1990s. Subsequently, more mainland portions were added to Killarney and these, together with Unorganized Mainland Manitoulin District, were also transferred to Sudbury District in 2006, about 1,600 square kilometres (600 sq mi) in all.
Like the other districts of Northern Ontario, the Manitoulin District does not have a county or regional municipality tier of government. All services in the district are provided either by the individual municipalities or directly by the provincial government. Services are provided jointly with the Sudbury District from its district seat in Espanola.
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Maritimes
The Maritime provinces, also called the Maritimes or the Canadian Maritimes, is a region of Eastern Canada consisting of three provinces, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. On the Atlantic coast, the Maritimes are a subregion of Atlantic Canada, which also includes the northeastern province of Newfoundland & Labrador. The population of the Maritime provinces was 1,826,896 in 2008.
The Maritimes front the Atlantic Ocean and its various sub-basins such as the Gulf of Maine and Gulf of St. Lawrence systems. The region is located northeast of New England, southeast of Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula, and southwest of the island of Newfoundland.
There was talk of a Maritime Union of the three provinces to have greater political power; however, the first discussions on the subject in 1864 at the Charlottetown Conference led to the process of Canadian Confederation which formed the larger Dominion of Canada instead.
The Maritimes are home to Mi'kmaq, Maliseet and Passamaquoddy people and have an extensive history of French and British settlement dating back to the seventeenth century, forming a unique culture that predates Canada.
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Massey Hall
Massey Hall is a venerable performing arts theatre in the Garden District of downtown Toronto. The theatre originally was designed to seat 3,500 patrons but, after extensive renovations in the 1940s, now seats up to 2,765.
Massey Hall and the more intimate Eaton Auditorium were the only substantial concert venues in Toronto before the opening of Roy Thomson Hall as the new home of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir.
Massey Hall was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1981.
Designed by architect Sidney Badgley, Massey Hall was completed in 1894 at a cost of $152,390.75. Construction was financed by Hart Massey of Massey-Harris (later Massey Ferguson, before its ultimate principal shareholder director Conrad Black wound down its operations and retired its assets into the Varity Corporation) holding company. The hall's debut concert was on June 14, 1894. In 1933, the Massey Foundation undertook further renovations to the hall. It is currently used for a variety of events and is operated by the same corporation as Roy Thomson Hall.
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Michigan
Michigan (i/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.
Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating. The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline. It is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.
Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.
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Minnesota
Minnesota (i/mɪnɨˈsoʊtə/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
Minnesota is the 12th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states. Nearly 60% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry and education and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.
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Montgomery's Tavern
The Battle of Montgomery's Tavern was an incident in the Upper Canada Rebellion. The abortive revolutionary insurrection inspired by William Lyon Mackenzie was crushed by British authorities and Canadian volunteer units near a tavern on Yonge Street, Toronto.
The site of Montgomery's Tavern was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1925.
When the Lower Canada Rebellion broke out in the Fall of 1837, Sir Francis Bond Head sent the British troops stationed in Toronto (formerly York) to help suppress it. With the regular troops gone, William Lyon Mackenzie and his followers seized a Toronto armoury and organized an armed march down Yonge Street, beginning at Montgomery's Tavern (on Yonge St just north of Eglinton Avenue – the present-day site of Postal Station K) on December 4, 1837.
Colonel Robert Moodie attempted to lead a force of loyalists through the rebel roadblock to warn Governor Bond Head in Toronto. Moodie fired his pistol, apparently in an attempt to clear the way. A number of the rebels returned fire, killing him.
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Montreal
Montreal (
i/ˌmʌntriːˈɒl/;French: Montréal; pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal] (
listen)) is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the fifteenth largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", the city takes its present name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in Middle French (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.
As of May 10, 2011, Statistics Canada identifies Montreal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) (land area 4,259 square kilometres (1,644 sq mi)) as Canada's second most populous with an estimated metropolitan area population of 3,824,221 and a population of 1,886,481 in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, which includes all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal. The city of Montreal proper had a population of 1,649,519.
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Moosonee, Ontario
Moosonee is a town in northern Ontario, Canada, on the Moose River approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of James Bay. It is considered as "the Gateway to the Arctic" and has Ontario's only saltwater port. Nearby on Moose Factory Island is the community of Moose Factory to which it is connected by water taxi in the summer and ice road in the winter.
Moosonee is the railhead of the Ontario Northland Railway where goods are transferred to barges and aircraft for transport to more northerly communities. Moosonee is not particularly far north, being located at 51°N—which is roughly the same latitude as Saskatoon, Calgary, London, UK, and Berlin—but is isolated due to its lack of road access to the rest of Ontario. The community was the site of a fur trading post set up in 1903 by Révillon Frères, competitors to the Hudson's Bay Company which later bought out Révillon.
Moosonee formerly held the status of a Development Area, the only community in the province with that designation, and was governed by a locally elected board subject to formal appointment by the Ontario provincial government. It became incorporated as a town effective January 1, 2001, with an elected mayor and four person council. The most recent council took office on December 1, 2010 after being elected in the 2010 municipal elections on October 25, 2010. The mayor of Moosonee is Victor Mitchell and the councillors are Pauline Sackaney, Sandra Linklater, Arthur McComb and Bob Gravel.
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New Brunswick
New Brunswick (French: Nouveau-Brunswick; pronounced: [nuˈvo bʁɔnˈzwik]) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual (English–French).Fredericton is the capital and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the province's largest Census Metropolitan Area. Through the 2011 nation wide census, Statistics Canada estimates the provincial population in 2011 to have been 751,171; a majority of the population is English-speaking, but there is also a large Francophone minority (33%), chiefly of Acadian origin.
The province's name comes from the English and French partial transcription of the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig in German) located in modern day Lower Saxony, northern Germany (and former duchy of the same name), the ancestral home of the Hanoverian George III of the United Kingdom.
New Brunswick is bounded by: on the north by Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula and Chaleur Bay; along the east coast by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Northumberland Strait; in the southeast corner the narrow Isthmus of Chignecto connects New Brunswick to the Nova Scotia peninsula; in the south by the Bay of Fundy coast, (which with a rise of 16 m (52 ft), has amongst the highest tides in the world); and in the west by the US state of Maine.
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New York State
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] ( listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
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Newcastle District
The Newcastle District was a historic district in Upper Canada which existed until 1849. It was formed in 1802 from the Home District. It consisted of the counties of:
The legislature had enacted in 1798 that "as soon as there are one thousand souls within the said counties, and that six of the townships therein do hold town meetings according to law" (there were ten townships in the District) the government shall declare them a separate district; which was done in 1802.
The district town was originally Newcastle, located near the current town of Brighton, and then Amherst, later renamed Cobourg.
In 1838, the northern part of the District was separated to create Colborne District, containing the new Peterborough County.
In 1849, the District became the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham.
Coordinates: 43°58′30″N 78°36′14″W / 43.975°N 78.604°W / 43.975; -78.604
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Niagara Peninsula
The Niagara Peninsula is the portion of Southern Ontario, Canada lying between the south shore of Lake Ontario and the north shore of Lake Erie. It stretches from the Niagara River in the east to Hamilton, Ontario in the west. The population of the peninsula is roughly 1,000,000 people. The region directly across the Niagara River and Lake Erie in New York State is known as the Niagara Frontier. Located in Western New York, the area forms a part of the broader Buffalo Niagara Region.
The greater part of the peninsula is incorporated as the Regional Municipality of Niagara. Cities in the region include St. Catharines, Niagara Falls, Thorold, Port Colborne and Welland. Towns include Niagara-on-the-Lake, Lincoln, Pelham, Grimsby and Fort Erie, as well as the townships Wainfleet and West Lincoln. The remainder of the peninsula encompasses parts of the City of Hamilton and Haldimand County.
The area was originally inhabited by a First Nations people called the "Neutrals", so named for their practice of trading goods such as flint arrowhead blanks with both of the feuding regional powers, the Wyandot and Iroquois.[citation needed] The Neutrals were wiped out by the Iroquois c. 1650 as the latter sought to expand their fur-trapping territory as part of the Beaver Wars.[citation needed] From this point until the arrival of United Empire Loyalists following the American War of Independence, the region was only sporadically inhabited,[citation needed] as the Iroquois did not establish permanent settlements in the area.
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Niagara River
The Niagara River flows north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. It forms part of the border between the Province of Ontario in Canada (on the west) and New York State in the United States. There are differing theories as to the origin of the name of the river. According to Iroquoian scholar Bruce Trigger, "Niagara" is derived from the name given to a branch of the locally residing native Neutral Confederacy, who are described as being called the "Niagagarega" people on several late 17th century French maps of the area. According to George R. Stewart, it comes from the name of an Iroquois town called "Ongniaahra", meaning "point of land cut in two".
The river, which is occasionally described as a strait, is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) long and includes Niagara Falls in its course. The falls have moved approximately 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) upstream from the Niagara Escarpment in the last 12,000 years, resulting in a gorge below the falls. Today, the diversion of the river for electrical generation has significantly reduced the rate of erosion.
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Northeastern Ontario
Northeastern Ontario is the region within the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and east of Lakes Superior and Huron.
Northeastern Ontario consists of the districts of Algoma, Sudbury, Cochrane, Timiskaming, Nipissing and Manitoulin; and the single-tier municipality of Greater Sudbury.
For some purposes, Parry Sound District and Muskoka District Municipality are treated as part of Northeastern Ontario even though they are geographically in Central Ontario. These two divisions are coloured in green on the map.
Northeastern Ontario and Northwestern Ontario may also be grouped together as Northern Ontario. An important difference between the two sub-regions is that Northeastern Ontario has a sizeable Franco-Ontarian population — approximately 25 per cent of the region's population speaks French as a first language, compared to just 3.2 per cent in the northwest.
Northeastern Ontario has six cities. They are Greater Sudbury, Sault Ste. Marie, North Bay, Timmins, Elliot Lake and Temiskaming Shores.
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Northern Canada
Northern Canada, colloquially the North, is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. Politically, the term refers to the three territories of Canada: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Similarly, the Far North (when contrasted to the North) may refer to the Canadian Arctic: the portion of Canada north of the Arctic Circle.
These reckonings somewhat depend on the concept of nordicity, a measure of northernness that other Arctic territories share. Canada, a country in northern North America whose population is concentrated along its southern frontier with the United States, is frequently reckoned to not have a 'south.' As such, the 'South' is only perceived as a region when it is contrasted to or viewed from those in the North.
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Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario is a geographic and administrative region of the Canadian province of Ontario. The geographic region lies north of Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay), the French River, Lake Nipissing, and the Mattawa River. The administrative region has several boundaries further south that vary according to federal and provincial government policies and requirements. The geographic region (which for census purposes, includes a part of Nipissing District that lies south of the Mattawa River) has a land area of 802,000 km2 (310,000 mi2) and constitutes 87% of the land area of Ontario, although it contains only about 6% of the population. Most of Northern Ontario is situated on the Canadian Shield, a vast rocky plateau. The climate is characterized by extremes of temperature, extremely cold in winter and hot in summer. The principal industries are mining, forestry, and hydroelectricity.
For some purposes, Northern Ontario is further subdivided into Northeastern and Northwestern Ontario. When the region is divided in this way, the three westernmost districts (Rainy River, Kenora and Thunder Bay) constitute "Northwestern Ontario" and the other districts constitute "Northeastern Ontario." Northeastern Ontario contains two thirds of Northern Ontario's population.
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Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario is the region within the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior, and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the Canadian province of Manitoba, which disputed Ontario's claim to the western part of the region. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In 1912, the Parliament of Canada by the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act gave jurisdiction over the District of Patricia to Ontario, thereby extending the northern boundary of the province to Hudson Bay.
For some purposes, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario are treated as separate regions, while for other purposes they are grouped together as Northern Ontario.
Northwestern Ontario consists of the districts of Kenora, Rainy River and Thunder Bay. Major communities in the region include Thunder Bay, Kenora, Dryden, Fort Frances, Sioux Lookout, Greenstone, Red Lake, Marathon, and Atikokan. There are also several dozen First Nations in Northwestern Ontario.
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Nottawasaga Bay
Nottawasaga Bay is a bay of Lake Huron in Ontario, at the southernmost end of Georgian Bay. Communities on Nottawasaga Bay include Meaford, Collingwood and Wasaga Beach.
The western shore of Nottawasaga Bay is determined by the Niagara Escarpment, which reaches Nottawasaga Bay between Thornbury and Meaford. The southern shore is flat limestone plain, with cedar marshes. The Nottawasaga River flows into Georgian Bay near the southern end of the bay, and from the estuary onward to the east the shore is predominantly sand dunes and marshes created by the strong predominant northwest winds. This part of Nottawasaga Bay is heavily built up with summer homes. Nearer to Thornbury and the Beaver River Valley there are some vineyards, the furthest north anywhere in Ontario, and many apple orchards dot the area.
Nottawasaga Bay is one of Ontario's busiest tourism areas, but recreational use has taken a toll on it. Pollution from cottages, towns, industry and agriculture have caused a noticeable decline in water quality in recent years, resulting in some beach closings.
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Nova Scotia
Coordinates: 45°13′N 62°42′W / 45.217°N 62.7°W / 45.217; -62.7 (Nova Scotia)
Nova Scotia (pronounced /ˌnoʊvə ˈskoʊʃə/; French: Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province of the four in Atlantic Canada. Located almost exactly halfway between the Equator and the North Pole (44º 39' N Longitude), its provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest province in Canada with an area of 55,284 square kilometres (21,300 sq mi), including Cape Breton and some 3,800 coastal islands. As of 2011, the population was 921,727, making Nova Scotia the second-most-densely populated province in Canada.
Nova Scotia was already home to the Mi'kmaq people when French colonists established Port Royal, Nova Scotia, the first permanent European settlement in North America north of Florida in 1605. Almost one hundred and fifty years later, the first English and German settlers arrived with the founding of Halifax (1749). The first Scottish migration was on the Hector (1773) and then the first Black migration happened after the American Revolution (1783). Despite the diversity of the cultural heritage of Nova Scotia, much of the twentieth-century tourism efforts focused primarily on all things Scottish. Many recent tourism efforts embrace and showcase Nova Scotia's diversity.
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Nunavut
Nunavut /ˈnuːnəˌvʊt/ (from Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ [ˈnunavut]) is the largest and newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries had been established in 1993. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the first major change to Canada's political map since the incorporation of the new province of Newfoundland in 1949.
Nunavut comprises a major portion of Northern Canada, and most of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, making it the fifth-largest country subdivision in the world. The capital Iqaluit (formerly "Frobisher Bay") on Baffin Island, in the east, was chosen by the 1995 capital plebiscite. Other major communities include the regional centres of Rankin Inlet and Cambridge Bay. Nunavut also includes Ellesmere Island to the north, as well as the eastern and southern portions of Victoria Island in the west and Akimiski Island in James Bay to the far south.
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OC Transpo
Coordinates: 45°24′44.5″N 75°37′55.5″W / 45.412361°N 75.632083°W / 45.412361; -75.632083
OC Transpo is the urban transit service of the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. An integrated hub-and-spoke system of services is available consisting of: (1) regular buses travelling on fixed routes in mixed traffic, typical of most urban transit systems; (2) a bus rapid transit (BRT) system — a high frequency bus service operating on the transitway — a network of mostly grade-separated dedicated bus lanes within their own right-of-way and having full stations with Park & Ride facilities further supported by on-road reserved bus lanes and priority traffic signal controls; (3) a light rail transit (LRT) system known as the O-Train operating on one north-south route; and (4) a door-to-door bus service for the disabled known as ParaTranspo.
OC Transpo routes also provides service to the downtown core of the nearby city of Gatineau, Quebec, especially during rush hour.
OC Transpo currently has a fleet of 1,048 buses (as of September 2011) that run on regular streets, all of which are fully accessible. The vast majority of regular routes are served by low-floor buses. OC Transpo utilizes many articulated buses to provide service. Some of the routes that run on the Transitway, including the city's most-used bus routes, are served almost exclusively by articulated buses (e.g. 95, 96, and 97). It is the most expansive public transportion in Canada.
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Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
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Ontario
Ontario /ɒnˈtɛərioʊ/ is one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province or territory and fourth largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa.
Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay to the north, Quebec to the east, and to the south by the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan (portions to the west), New York (portions to the east), Ohio and Pennsylvania. All but a small part of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,677 mi) border with the United States follow inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Mary's River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario.
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Osgoode Hall
Osgoode Hall is a landmark building in downtown Toronto constructed between 1829 and 1832 in the late Georgian Palladian and Neoclassical styles. It houses the Ontario Court of Appeal, the Divisional Court of the Superior Court of Justice, and the Law Society of Upper Canada. The portico of Osgoode Hall's east wing was built at the head of Toronto's York Street to serve as a terminating vista, though it is now obscured by trees planted on the building's lawn.
Osgoode Hall was named in honour of the province's first chief justice, William Osgoode. The building housed Osgoode Hall Law School until 1969 when the faculty was relocated to the campus of York University in the North York community of Toronto. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1979. It was also designated by the City of Toronto under the Ontario Heritage Act in 1990.
The six-acre (24,000 m²) site at the corner of Lot Street (Queen Street West today) and College Avenue (University Avenue today) was acquired by the Law Society in 1828. At the time, the location was on the northwest edge of the city, which has since grown around the building. It was originally bounded on its north side by Osgoode Street, and on its east side by a street that would eventually be known as Chestnut Street. The former no longer exists, and the latter now stops at Armoury Street as Nathan Philips Square now lies to the east. The original 2 1⁄2-storey building was started in 1829 and finished in 1832 from a design by John Ewart and W. W. Baldwin. The structure was named after William Osgoode, the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada (what is now the Canadian province of Ontario).
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Ottawa
Ottawa (i/ˈɒtəwɑː/ or /ˈɒtəwə/) is the capital of Canada. It is the second largest city in Ontario and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, located on the north bank of the Ottawa River; together they form the National Capital Region (NCR).
Founded in 1826 as Bytown and incorporated as "Ottawa" in 1855, the city has evolved into a political and technological centre of Canada. Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous minor annexations and ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and major amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area. The name "Ottawa" is derived from the Algonquin word adawe, meaning "to trade". Initially an Irish and French Christian settlement, Ottawa has become a multicultural city with a diverse population.
The 2011 census had the city's population as 883,391, and the metropolitan population as 1,236,324.Mercer ranks Ottawa with the second highest quality of living of any large city in the Americas, and 14th highest in the world. It is also rated the second cleanest city in Canada, and third cleanest city in the world. In 2012, the city was ranked for the third consecutive year as the best community in Canada to live in by MoneySense.
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Parliament of Canada
The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislative branch of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in the national capital, Ottawa. Formally, the body consists of the Canadian monarch—represented by her governor general—the Senate, and the House of Commons, each element having its own officers and organization. The governor general summons and appoints each of the 105 members of the upper house on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada, while the 308 members of the lower house are directly elected by eligible voters in the Canadian populace, with each Member of Parliament representing a single electoral district, commonly referred to as a riding.
By constitutional convention, the House of Commons is the dominant branch of parliament, the Senate and Crown rarely opposing its will. The Senate, thus, reviews legislation from a less partisan standpoint, and the monarch and viceroy provide the necessary Royal Assent to make bills into law and summon, prorogue, and dissolve parliament in order to call an election, as well as reading the Throne Speech. The current parliament, summoned by Governor General David Johnston on 2 June 2011, is the 41st since Confederation.
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Pembroke, Ontario
Pembroke (2011 population 14,360; CA population 24,017) is a city in the province of Ontario, Canada, at the confluence of the Muskrat River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley. Pembroke is the seat of Renfrew County, though it is politically independent.
The first European settler to the area now known as Pembroke was Daniel Fraser in 1823, who squatted on land that was discovered to have been granted to a man named Abel Ward. Ward later sold the land (where Moncion's Grocers is located) to Fraser, and nearby Fraser Street is named after the family. Peter White, a veteran of the Royal Navy arrived in 1828, squatting beside Fraser on the land where Dairy Queen is now located. Other settlers followed, attracted by the growing lumbering operations of the area.
Originally named Miramichi, Pembroke became a police village in 1856. Pembroke is named after Sidney Herbert, First Admiralty Secretary from 1841 to 1845 and son of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke.
Pembroke was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1971. It was named seat for Renfrew County in 1861. This set the stage for construction shortly thereafter on the Renfrew County Courthouse, which finished in 1867, and the arrival of many civil servants, much wealth and much construction. In the 20-year period following 1861, Pembroke basically became the city it is today in terms of layout and buildings, although many homes and other structures have been lost to time. A fire in 1918 destroyed much of Pembroke's downtown.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (i/ˌpɛnsɨlˈveɪnjə/), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a US state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, and the Great Lakes Region. The state borders Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Ontario, Canada to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.
Pennsylvania is the 33rd most extensive, the 6th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km) of shoreline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary.
Pennsylvania is 170 miles (274 km) north to south and 283 miles (455 km) east to west. Of a total 46,055 square miles (119,282 km2), 44,817 square miles (116,075 km2) are land, 490 square miles (1,269 km2) are inland waters, and 749 square miles (1,940 km2) are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States. Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km) of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary.
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Peterborough County
Peterborough County is located in Southern Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Peterborough.
The southern section of the county is mix of agriculture, urban and lakefront properties. The northern section of the county is mostly sparsely populated wilderness with numerous rivers and lakes, mostly within the recently expanded Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park.
The County contains the Lang Pioneer Village, and the Kawarthas are a major tourist region.
The county consists of eight townships:
First Nations reserves:
The City of Peterborough is within the Peterborough County census division, but is separated from the county's administration.
The county was founded as the District of Colborne in 1838, centred around Peterborough, which became the County of Peterborough in 1850. In 1862, the County was redivided into Haliburton County, Peterborough County, and Victoria County (now the City of Kawartha Lakes). The centre of the County was originally the courthouse, which is still considered an important historical site.
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Pickering, Ontario
Pickering (2011 population 88,721) is a city located in Southern Ontario, Canada immediately east of Toronto in Durham Region. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the largest metropolitan area in Canada.
This was Aboriginal territory for thousands of years. The first recorded history of this area was in 1669, when the French Jesuit missionary M. Fenelon noted reaching the Seneca village of Gandatsetiagon, on the shores of Frenchman's Bay. He wintered here, and started missionary work.
Surveying of the township was probably completed by 1776. An 1813 census gives a population of 180—40 more than neighbouring Scarborough. A large influx of Quaker settlers from the eastern United States came in the early 1810s. The main thrufare at this time was the Kingston Road, which cut through the south of the township on its way from York (now Toronto) to Kingston.
Pickering was involved in the Mackenzie Rebellion of 1837. One of the leaders, Peter Matthews had formerly been one of the most prominent members of the community.
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Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island (PEI or P.E.I.; French: Île-du-Prince-Édouard, pronounced: [il dy pʁɛ̃s edwaːʁ], Mi'kmaq: Epekwitk, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean a' Phrionnsa) is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population. The island has a few other names: "Garden of the Gulf" referring to the pastoral scenery and lush agricultural lands throughout the province; and "Birthplace of Confederation", referring to the Charlottetown Conference in 1864, although PEI did not join the confederation until 1873, when it became the seventh Canadian province.
According to the 2009 estimates, Prince Edward Island has 141,000 residents. It is located in a rectangle defined roughly by 46°–47°N, and 62°–64°30′W and at 5,683.91 km2 (2,194.57 sq mi) in size, it is the 104th-largest island in the world, and Canada's 23rd-largest island.
The island was named for Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767–1820), the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria.
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Quebec
Coordinates: 53°45′N 071°59′W / 53.75°N 71.983°W / 53.75; -71.983 (Quebec)
Quebec /kwəˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/ (French: Québec [kebɛk] ( listen)) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay, to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay, to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. It is bordered on the south by the US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.
Quebec is Canada's second most populous province, after Ontario. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, Eastern Townships, and Gaspé regions. The Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples.
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Quinte West
Quinte West is a city, formerly part of Hastings County, but now a Separated municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, . It is located on the western end of the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario. The Lake Ontario terminus of the Trent-Severn Waterway is located in the municipality.
Quinte West was formed through the amalgamation of the city of Trenton, the village of Frankford and the townships of Murray and Sidney on January 1, 1998. Trenton is the largest community and serves as the administrative and commercial centre.
In addition to Trenton and Frankford, the district of Quinte West, also includes the communities of Barcovan Beach, Batawa, Bayside, Chatterton, German Landing, Glen Miller, Glen Ross, Halloway, Johnstown, Lovett, Madoc Junction, Maple View, Mount Zion, Oak Lake, River Valley, Roseland Acres, Spencers Landing, Stockdale, Tuftsville, Twelve O'Clock, Wallbridge and Wooler.
Frankford was first settled by Europeans in the 1820s when settler Abel Scott built a grist mill along the Trent River. The settlement went under a number of names, including Scott's Mills, Cold Creek and Manchester. The settlement was named Frankford after Sir Francis Bond Head, the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. Frankford was incorporated as a village in 1920.
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Renfrew County
Renfrew is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. In 2011, the population was 101,326 and county covered 7,440.81 square kilometres (2,872.91 sq mi), giving a population density of 13.6 /km2 (35 /sq mi). There are 17 official municipalities.
The seat of county government is in Pembroke, a city that is politically independent of the county. In 2006, the county--along with Pembroke--was represented at the Canadian House of Commons as part of the riding of Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke.
Renfrew Country is known for its lakeside cottages and white-water rafting along the Ottawa River, and has more than 900 lakes. It is located in the subregion of Southern Ontario named Eastern Ontario. Renfrew County is also the largest county in terms of area in Ontario, ahead of Hastings County.
The county seat, the city Pembroke, is politically independent.
At Wilno, Ontario Canada's Kashubian community celebrates their heritage.
The county is home to CFB Petawawa and gives its name to The Lanark and Renfrew Scottish Regiment.
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Rideau Canal
The Rideau Canal (French: Canal Rideau), also known as the Rideau Waterway, connects the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, on the Ottawa River to the city of Kingston, Ontario, on Lake Ontario. The canal was opened in 1832 as a precaution in case of war with the United States and is still in use today, with most of its original structures intact. The canal system uses sections of major rivers, including the Rideau and the Cataraqui, as well as some lakes. It is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America, and in 2007 it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It is operated today by Parks Canada as a recreational waterway. The locks on the system open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October.
The construction of the Rideau Canal was a preventive military measure undertaken after a report that during the War of 1812 the United States had intended to invade the British colony of Upper Canada via the St. Lawrence, which would have severed the lifeline between Montreal and Kingston. The British built a number of other canals (Grenville, Chute-à-Blondeau and Carillon Canals, all along the Ottawa River) as well as a number of forts (Citadel Hill, La Citadelle, and Fort Henry) to impede and deter any future American invasions of Canadian territory.
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Rouge Park
An effort has been made to nationalize the Rouge Park along the border of Toronto and Pickering, Ontario, Canada. If successful, the park will be Canada's first national park within a municipality.
The lands now in the park were once home to resorts and cottages from the late 19th century to the 1950s. Other portions are farmland with some still being used.
Established in 1995 by the Province of Ontario, the park consists of 50 square kilometres (12356 acres) of parkland, in Toronto, Pickering, Markham and Stouffville. The park protects 12% of the Rouge River watershed, with park lands also protecting small parts of the Petticoat Creek and Duffins Creek watersheds, to the East. The Rouge River remains the healthiest river that flows through Toronto. Ecological preservation and restoration were needed. Preservation of near-urban agriculture is the park's main objective, though a recent decision to end leases for over 700 acres (2.8 km2) of farmland has generated considerable controversy.
Rouge is the largest nature park within a core of a metropolitan area in North America. It stretches from Lake Ontario in the south, north to the post-glacial Oak Ridges Moraine in York Region.
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Rupert's Land
Rupert's Land, or Prince Rupert's Land, was a territory in British North America, consisting mostly of the Hudson Bay drainage basin that was nominally owned by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870, although numerous aboriginal groups lived in the same territory and disputed the sovereignty of the area. The area once known as Rupert's Land is now mainly a part of Canada, but a small portion is now in the United States of America. It was named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a nephew of Charles I and the first Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. In December 1821 the HBC monopoly was extended from Rupert's Land to the Pacific coast.
Areas once belonging to Rupert's Land include all of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, southern Alberta, southern Nunavut, northern parts of Ontario and Quebec, as well as parts of Minnesota and North Dakota and very small parts of Montana and South Dakota.
In 1670, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) was granted a charter by King Charles II, giving it a trading monopoly over the watershed of all rivers and streams flowing into Hudson Bay, thereby making the HBC owners of the whole of Rupert's Land (named in honour of Prince Rupert of the Rhine, the king's cousin and the company's first governor). This covered an area of 3.9 million square kilometres (1.5 million sq mi), over one-third the area of Canada today.
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Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan (i/səˈskætʃɨwən/ or /səˈskætʃɨwɑːn/) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588,276 square kilometres (227,100 sq mi). Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota.
As of April 2011, the population of Saskatchewan was estimated at 1,053,960. Residents primarily live in the southern half of the province. Of the total population, 257,300 live in the province's largest city, Saskatoon, while 210,000 live in the provincial capital, Regina. Other major cities include Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Yorkton, Swift Current and North Battleford.
Saskatchewan was first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774, having also been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups. It became a province in 1905. Saskatchewan's current premier is Brad Wall and its lieutenant-governor is Vaughn Solomon Schofield. Its major industries are agriculture, mining, and energy. "In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations. Under the Agreement, the First Nations received money to buy land on the open market. As a result, about 761,000 acres have been turned into reserve land and many First Nations continue to invest their settlement dollars in urban areas", including Saskatoon.
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Silicon Valley North
The National Capital Region, also referred to as Canada's Capital Region, is an official federal designation for the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the neighbouring city of Gatineau, Quebec, and surrounding urban and rural communities. The term National Capital Region is often used to describe the Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan area.
Defined by the National Capital Act, the National Capital Region consists of an area of 4,715 km2 (1,820 sq mi) that straddles the Ottawa River, which serves as the boundary between the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. This area is smaller than that of the Ottawa-Gatineau Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), which is 5,716 km2 (2,207 sq mi) in size, and has a population of the 1,451,415.
Ottawa-Gatineau is the only CMA in the nation to fall within two provinces. The National Capital Region also refers a larger geographic area surrounding Ottawa and Gatineau.
In addition to the Ottawa-Gatineau CMA, this larger area includes municipalities in the bordering Ontario counties of Prescott-Russell, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Leeds-Grenville, Lanark, and Renfrew, as well as municipalities in Quebec's Outaouais region, due to their close economic and social ties with Ottawa.
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Simcoe County
Simcoe County is located in central portion of Southern Ontario, Canada. The County is situated just north of the Greater Toronto Area stretching from the shores of Lake Simcoe in the east to Georgian Bay in the west. Simcoe County forms part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe area, a densely populated and industrialized region centred around the Greater Toronto Area.
The land area of the county is 4,859.16 square kilometres (1,876.13 sq mi). The elevated Niagara Escarpment runs through sections of the western part of the county and the Minesing Wetlands, a Ramsar Convention Wetland Of International Importance, is located in the central area of the County.
The county administrative centre is located in Midhurst, outside of Barrie.
Although not politically recognized, Simcoe County is informally split into two subregions, “South Simcoe” and “North Simcoe”. The dividing line between these two areas is Simcoe County Road 90 (Mill St.).
South Simcoe municipalities are situated at the northern boundary of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and therefore generally have a closer socio-economic association with the GTA. South Simcoe is also within the Toronto commuter-belt as it is home to a relatively high proportion of people commuting to the GTA. South Simcoe is home to five municipalities, including: the Town of Innisfil, the Township of Adjala-Tosorontio, the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury, the Township of Essa and the Town of New Tecumseth (which includes: Alliston, Beeton, & Tottenham).
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Smiths Falls
Smiths Falls is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the census division for Lanark County, but is considered a separated town and does not participate in county government. The Rideau Canal waterway passes through the town, with four separate locks in three locations and a combined lift of over 15 metres (50 ft).
The town's name was sometimes alternatively spelled "Smith's Falls" or "Smith Falls", but "Smiths Falls" is now considered correct.
The city is named for Thomas Smyth, a United Empire Loyalist who in 1786 was granted 400 acres (1.6 km2) in what is present-day Smiths Falls. The Heritage House Museum (c. 1862) also known as the Ward House, was designated under the Ontario Heritage Act in 1977.
At the time of construction of the Rideau Canal a small settlement had been established around a mill operated by Abel Russell Ward, who had bought Smyth's land. Colonel By ordered the removal of Ward's mill to make way for the canal. He settled with Ward for £1,500, one of the largest claims made by mill owners on the canal.
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Snowbelt
Snowbelt is a term describing of a number of regions near the Great Lakes in North America where heavy snowfall in the form of lake-effect snow is particularly common. Snowbelts are typically found downwind of the lakes, principally off the eastern and southern shores. Lake-effect snow occurs when cold air moves over warmer water, taking up moisture that later precipitates as snow when the air moves over land and cools. The lakes produce snowsqualls and persistently cloudy skies throughout the winter months, as long as air temperatures are colder than water temperatures, or until a lake freezes over.
In the United States, snowbelts are located southeast of Lake Erie from Cleveland, Ohio to Buffalo, New York, and south of Lake Ontario stretching roughly from Rochester, New York to Utica, New York, and northward to Watertown, New York. Other snowbelts are located on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan from Gary, Indiana northward through Western Michigan and Northern Michigan to the Straits of Mackinac, and on the eastern and southern shores of Lake Superior from northwest Wisconsin through the northern half of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
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Southern Ontario
Southern Ontario is a region of the province of Ontario, Canada. It is the most densely populated and southernmost region in Canada. Situated south of Algonquin Park it covers between 14 to 15% of the province, depending on the inclusion of the Parry Sound and Muskoka districts.
Southern Ontario differs very greatly from Northern Ontario. The region has a larger population, different climate, and different culture than its northern counterpart. Southern Ontario can also be broken into smaller subregions, such as Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Southwestern Ontario, and the Golden Horseshoe.
Southern Ontario can be distinguished from Northern Ontario because it is far more densely populated and contains the majority of the province's cities, major roads, and institutions. (The north, in contrast, contains more natural resources and remote wilderness.) Although it has no saltwater coastline, the region has an abundance of fresh water coastline on three Great Lakes (Huron, Erie and Ontario) as well as smaller lakes such as Lake Simcoe and Lake St. Clair. It is a major vineyard region and producer of Canadian wines.
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Southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario, centred on the city of London. It extends north to south from the Bruce Peninsula on Lake Huron to the Lake Erie shoreline, and east to south-west roughly from Guelph to Windsor. The region had a population of 2,443,484 in 2006. Other significant towns and cities in the region are Brantford, Cambridge, Chatham, Goderich, Ingersoll, Kitchener, Owen Sound, Sarnia, St. Thomas, Stratford, Tillsonburg, Waterloo, and Woodstock.
The Bruce Peninsula and Georgian Bay shoreline, including the Blue Mountains are also part of the Georgian Triangle.
Southwestern Ontario occupies most of the Eastern Peninsula, bound on three sides by water: Lake Huron, including Georgian Bay, to the north and northwest; the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River, to the west; and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe.
Most definitions of Southwestern or Western Ontario reach eastward to include Guelph and Orangeville, though recently these municipalities are also included in on the western side of the growing Golden Horseshoe region and many of their residents commute into the Greater Toronto Area.
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Springwater, Ontario
Springwater is a township in central Ontario, Canada, in Simcoe County near Barrie. It is the County seat of Simcoe.
Springwater was formed in 1994 through the amalgamation of Flos and Vespra Townships, together with the Village of Elmvale and a portion of the former Township of Medonte.
Anten Mills is centred on the intersection of Horseshoe Valley Road West (formally County Road 22) and Wilson Drive (formally the 7th Concession of Vespra), 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Barrie. The community derived its name from a well known mill operating in the area in the late 1800s. The first syllables of this firm's name, Anderson & Tennant, after its owners Charles Anderson and a Mr. Tennant, were merged to create the word Anten. Most of the workforce living in Anten Mills are employed in nearby Barrie. The area surrounding Anten Mills is predominantly either farm or crown land, however golf courses, ski resorts and hiking trails also dot the landscape. A further 25 km northwest of Anten Mills is Wasaga Beach, a popular summer tourist attraction. Country music star Jason McCoy grew up in Anten Mills.
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St. Catharines
St. Catharines (2011 population 131,400; metropolitan population 392,184) is the largest city in Canada's Niagara Region and the sixth largest urban area in Ontario, with 96.11 square kilometers of land. It lies in Southern Ontario 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario, and is 19 kilometres (12 mi) inland from the international boundary with the United States along the Niagara River. It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal. Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Cathariners.
St. Catharines carries the official nickname "The Garden City" due to its 1,000 acres (4 km2) of parks, gardens and trails.
St. Catharines is situated in an area for commerce and trade since it is located between the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the Fort Erie- US Border. Manufacturing is the city's dominant industry, as noted by the heraldic motto, "Industry and Liberality". General Motors of Canada, Ltd., the Canadian subsidiary of General Motors, operates two plants in the city (one plant was partially shut down in 2010) and until recently was the city's largest employer, a distinction now held by the District School Board of Niagara. TRW operate a plant in the city, though in recent years employment has shifted from heavy industry and manufacturing to services.
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St. Clair River
The St. Clair River is a 40.5-mile-long (65.2 km)river in central North America which drains Lake Huron into Lake St Clair, forming part of the international boundary between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan. The river is a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway, with shipping channels permitting cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes.
The river, which some consider a "strait,"[1] flows in a southerly direction, connecting the southern end of Lake Huron to the northern end of Lake St. Clair. It branches into several channels near its mouth at Lake St. Clair, creating a broad delta region known as the St. Clair Flats.
The river is 40.5 miles (65.2 km) long and drops 5 feet (2 m) in elevation from Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair. The flow rate averages around 182,000 cubic feet per second (5,200 m3/s), and the drainage area is 222,400 square miles (576,000 km2).[citation needed] This takes into account the combined drainage areas of Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior.
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St. Marys, Ontario
St. Marys is a town in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Thames River southwest of Stratford in Perth County, and surrounded by the Township of Perth South. The town is also known by its nickname, "The Stone Town", due to the abundance of limestone in the surrounding area, giving rise to a large number of limestone buildings and homes throughout the town. St. Marys Cement, a large cement producer founded in the town, capitalized on this close feedstock, and grew to be a major producer of cement in the province of Ontario.
It is the burial place of Arthur Meighen, Canada's 9th Prime Minister. Timothy Eaton, who went on to become one of Canada's greatest retailers, opened his first businesses in Canada in St. Marys and nearby Kirkton, Ontario.
St. Marys is home to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.
The first settlers arrived in St. Marys in the early 1840s, attracted by the area's natural resources. At the new town site, the Thames River cascaded over a series of limestone ledges, providing the power to run the first pioneer mills and giving the community an early nickname: Little Falls.
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St. Thomas, Ontario
St. Thomas is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat for Elgin County and gained its city charter on March 4, 1881.
The city, located at the intersection of two historical roads, was first settled in 1810. It was named the seat of the new Elgin County in 1844 and was incorporated as a village in 1852, as a town in 1861. In 1881 St. Thomas finally grew to become a city.
Ten years after the incorporation as a town ( in 1871 ), the developing village of Millersburg, which included these lands east of the London and Port Stanley Railway, amalgamated with St. Thomas.
In the late 19th century and early 20th century several railways were constructed through the city, and St. Thomas became an important railway junction. A total of 26 railways have passed through the city since the first railway was completed in 1856. In the 1950s and 1960s, with the decline of the railway as a mode of transportation, other industry began to locate in the city, principally primary and secondary automotive manufacturing.
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Stratford, Ontario
Stratford is a city on the Avon River in Perth County in southwestern Ontario, Canada with a population of 30,886 as of 2011.
When the area was first settled by Europeans in 1832, the townsite and the river were named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England. It is the seat of Perth County. Stratford was incorporated as a town in 1859 and as a city in 1886. The first mayor was John Corry Wilson Daly and the current mayor is Dan Mathieson. The swan has become a symbol of the city. Each year twenty-four white swans and two black swans are released into the Avon River. The town is most well known for being the home of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival.
The town was originally a railway junction. Furniture manufacturing became an important part of the local economy by the twentieth century. A 1933 strike by furniture workers in Stratford, led by the Communist Workers' Unity League, marks the last time the army was deployed to break a strike in Canada.
The city's economy took a major turn when the Stratford Shakespeare Festival started in 1953. The annual festival now brings hundreds of thousands of theatre goers and tourists to the area. Celebrities such as Alec Guinness, Christopher Plummer, Peter Ustinov, Dame Maggie Smith, and William Shatner have performed at the festival. The world-renowned festival takes place in four theatres throughout the city: the Festival Theatre, the Avon Theatre, Tom Patterson Theatre and the Studio Theatre.
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Sudbury District
The Sudbury District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1894 from townships of eastern Algoma District and west Nipissing District.
The overwhelming majority of the district (about 92%) is unincorporated and part of Unorganized North Sudbury District. With the exception of Chapleau, all of the district's incorporated municipalities are found in the area immediately surrounding the city of Greater Sudbury to the west, east and south. North of the Greater Sudbury area, the district is sparsely populated; between Sudbury and Chapleau, only unincorporated settlements, ghost towns and small First Nations reserves are found.
Because the districts of Northern Ontario are unincorporated territorial divisions, unlike the counties or regional municipalities of Southern Ontario, the city of Greater Sudbury is legally defined as part of the district in the geographic sense.
Politically, however, the district and the city are considered two distinct census divisions and two distinct jurisdictions for provincial government services. The district's social services board — which has offices in the district seat of Espanola, as well as satellite offices in several other communities in the district — instead shares its jurisdictional area with the neighbouring Manitoulin District, whereas equivalent services in Greater Sudbury, which has the status of a single-tier municipality, are provided directly from the city.
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Temagami
Temagami, formerly spelled as Timagami, is a region and a municipality in northeastern Ontario, Canada, in the District of Nipissing with Lake Temagami at its heart.
The Temagami region is known as n'Daki Menan, the homeland of the area's Aboriginal community, most of whom are Anishnaabe (Ojibwe), living on Bear Island. The official name for this group is the Temagami First Nation. However, a larger group that includes these people, plus non-status residents and some non-residents is called the Teme-Augama Anishnabai.
Some of the main tourist attractions within the community include old-growth red and white pine, Lake Temagami, Caribou Mountain, fishing, showings of Grey Owl from the 1930s, and over 4,000 km of canoe routes.
It is also known as the staging point for cottage vacationing and wilderness canoeing trips on Lake Temagami, in Lady Evelyn-Smoothwater Provincial Park, and vast tracts of wilderness in the area. There are several outfitters here that cater to outdoor activity, including Smoothwater of Temagami. Temagami holds three of the five highest points of land in Ontario on Ishpatina Ridge.
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Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario with a population of 108,359 as of the Canada 2011 Census, and the second most populous in Northern Ontario after Greater Sudbury. The census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay has a population of 121,596, and consists of the city of Thunder Bay, the municipalities of Oliver Paipoonge and Neebing, the townships of Shuniah, Conmee, O'Connor and Gillies and the Fort William First Nation.
European settlement in the region began in the late 17th century with a French fur trading outpost on the banks of the Kaministiquia River. It grew into an important transportation hub with its port forming an important link in the shipping of grain and other products from western Canada through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway to the east coast. Forestry and manufacturing played important roles in the city's economy. They have declined in recent years, but have been replaced by a "knowledge economy" based on medical research and education. Thunder Bay is the site of the Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute.
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Timiskaming District
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from parts of this district and parts of Thunder Bay District.
The division had a population of 32,634 in the Canada 2011 Census. The land area is 13,299.92 square kilometres (5,135.13 sq mi); the population density was 2.5 per square kilometre (6.5 /sq mi).
The Coureur de bois explored and traded fur in what is now the Timiskaming District, in the 17th century.
The district seat is in Temiskaming Shores.
Along with portions of the neighbouring district, Cochrane, Timiskaming is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by John Vanthof. In the House of Commons of Canada, the district is divided between Nipissing—Timiskaming, represented by Jay Aspin, in the south, and Timmins—James Bay, represented by Charlie Angus, in the north. A very small portion of the district also belongs to the riding of Nickel Belt.
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Timmins
Timmins is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada on the Mattagami River. At the time of the Canada 2011 Census, Timmins' population was 43,165. At 2,961.52 square kilometres (1,143.45 sq mi), Timmins was Canada's largest municipality in land area until 1995, when the regional municipality of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, was created, although it remained the largest municipality in Ontario until 2001, when it was superseded by the newly amalgamated cities of Kawartha Lakes and Greater Sudbury. It is the 69th largest metropolitan area in Canada, although the statistical boundaries for Timmins' metropolitan area coincide with its municipal boundaries.
Archaeological and historical studies indicate that the first people to settle in the Timmins area were nomadic tribes such as Ojibwa and Cree dating back to 7000 BC. Timmins was a company town founded in 1912. However, South Porcupine and Schumacher were formed in 1911.
During the late 17th century, explorers and fur traders established outposts in the north to capitalize on the fur trade. The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company later developed several trading posts along major routes in northern Ontario. The rivalry between these two trading companies resulted in the need to get their furs to market as soon as possible and this led to the development of the Porcupine Trail, a trading route that connected the Abitibi River to the Mattagami River and passed directly through present-day Timmins.
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Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
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U.S.
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Vancouver
Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/) is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The 2011 census recorded more than 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth largest among Canadian cities. The metropolitan area, with more than 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. With 5,249 people per square kilometre (13,590 per sq mile), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated Canadian municipality among those with 5,000 residents or more. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, with 52% for whom English is not their first language.
The original settlement, named Gastown, grew around the Hastings Mill logging sawmill and a nearby tavern, both established in 1867. Enlarging to become the townsite of Granville, with the announcement that the railhead would reach the site it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated as a city in 1886. By 1887, the transcontinental railway was extended to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient, Eastern Canada, and London. As of 2009, Port Metro Vancouver is the busiest and largest port in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and Burnaby have turned Metro Vancouver into the third-largest film production centre in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning it the film industry nickname, Hollywood North.
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Vaughan
Vaughan (
/ˈvɔːn/ VAWN; 2011 population 288,301) is a city in York Region north of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996–2006, achieving a population growth rate of 80.2% according to Statistics Canada having nearly doubled in population since 1991. Vaughan is located in Southern Ontario and is part of the Greater Toronto Area.
In the late pre-contact period, the Huron-Wendat people populated what is today Vaughan. The Skandatut ancestral Huron village overlooked the east branch of the Humber River (Pinevalley Drive), and was once home to approximately 2000 Huron in the sixteenth century. The site is located close to a Huron ossuary (mass grave) uncovered in Kleinburg in 1970, and one kilometre north of the Seed-Barker Huron site
The first European to pass through Vaughan was the French explorer Étienne Brûlé, who traversed the Humber Trail in 1615. However, it was not until the townships were created in 1792 that Vaughan began to see any settlements, as it was considered to be extremely remote and the lack of roads through the region made travel difficult. The township was named after Benjamin Vaughan, a British commissioner who signed a peace treaty with the United States in 1783.
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Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is the smallest of the three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, and is adjacent to the city of Kitchener.
Kitchener and Waterloo are often jointly referred to as "Kitchener-Waterloo" (K-W), or "the Twin Cities", although they have separate city governments. There have been several attempts to amalgamate the two cities (sometimes with the city of Cambridge as well), but none have been successful. At the time of the 2011 census, Waterloo had a population of 98,780.
Waterloo was built on land that was part of a parcel of 675,000 acres (2,730 km2) assigned in 1784 to the Iroquois alliance that made up the League of Six Nations. Almost immediately—and with much controversy—the native groups began to sell some of the land. Between 1796 and 1798, 93,000 acres (380 km2) were sold through a Crown Grant to Richard Beasley, with the Six Nations Indians continuing to hold the mortgage on the lands.
The first wave of immigrants to the area was Mennonites from Pennsylvania. They bought deeds to land parcels from Beasley and began moving into the area in 1804. The following year, a group of 26 Mennonites pooled resources to purchase all of the unsold land from Beasley and discharge the mortgage held by the Six Nations Indians.
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Welland
Welland (2011 population 50,631) is a city in the Regional Municipality of Niagara in Southern Ontario, Canada.
The city has been traditionally known as the place where rails and water meet, referring to the railways from Buffalo to Toronto and Southwestern Ontario, and the waterways of Welland Canal and Welland River, which played a great role in the city's development.
The city is notable for its large francophone population. Welland is one of few communities in southern Ontario where the percentage of Franco-Ontarians exceeds the overall provincial average. This, however, is proportionately speaking, as English still predominates.
Welland is the home of C Company of The Lincoln and Welland Regiment which is part of the 31 Canadian Brigade Group, the classification of this unit is Light Infantry.
Welland's nickname is The Rose City. Residents of the city are known as Wellanders.
The city was first settled in 1788 by the United Empire Loyalists. On October 19, 1814, Canadian forces led by George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale, met an American raiding party, numbering approximately nine hundred, near the eastern edge of the present community during the Battle of Cook's Mills. After an intense skirmish, the Americans retreated to Buffalo, New York. Cook's Mills was the second to last engagement of the War of 1812 on Canadian soil.
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Whitby, Ontario
Whitby (2011 population 122,022) is a town in Durham Region. Whitby is located in Southern Ontario east of Toronto on the north shore of Lake Ontario, and is home to the headquarters of Durham Region. While the southern portion of Whitby is predominantly urban, and an economic hub, the northern part of the municipality is more rural and includes the communities of Ashburn, Brooklin, Myrtle and Myrtle Station.
Whitby Township (now the Town of Whitby) was named after the seaport town of Whitby, Yorkshire, England. In addition to Whitby, Yorkshire, the Town of Whitby is also officially twinned with Longueuil, Quebec and Feldkirch, Austria.
When the township was originally surveyed in 1792, the surveyor, from the northern part of England, named the townships east of Toronto after towns in northeastern England: York, Scarborough, Pickering, Whitby and Darlington. The original name of "Whitby" is Danish, dating from about 867 CE when the Danes invaded Britain. It is a contraction of "Whitteby," meaning "White Village." The allusion may be to the white lighthouse on the pier at Whitby, Yorkshire, and also at Whitby, Ontario.' Although settlement dates back to 1800, it was not until 1836 that a downtown business centre was established by Whitby's founder Peter Perry.
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Windsor Casting
Windsor Casting Plant was an Iron Foundry owned by Ford Motor Company in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The plant first opened November 9, 1934 and was located next to Ford Windsor engine plant in downtown Windsor. It was known to area residents as the "Foundry". Internally it was referred to as WCP.
Operations ceased on May 29, 2007 as part of Ford's "Way Forward" plan.
During its time in operation, it was one of Canada’s largest recyclers. It recycled any kind of scrap metal with iron in it. Ironically, in 1998, the Foundry used the scrap metal from the demolition of neighbouring Windsor Engine #1 to cast 175'000 engine blocks. Although being considered an outdated facility, WCP was frequently awarded with many quality and environmental awards.
WCP was also the home and namesake for the Famous Windsor V8
Plant Facts:
Size: 500,000 square feet (46,450 m 2) on 22-acre (nine-hectare) site
Employees at time of closure: Approximately 400 Hourly; 50 Salaried
Products at time of Closure: Cast Iron Cylinder blocks – 4.2-litre V6 Crankshafts – 3.9-litre V6, 4.2-litre V6, 5.4-litre V8, 3.0-litre V6, 4.6-litre V8, 2.3-litre I4
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Windsor, Ontario
Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and is located in Southwestern Ontario at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. It is within the Essex, Ontario Census division, although administratively separated from the county government. Separated by the Detroit River, Windsor is located south of Detroit, Michigan in the United States. Windsor is known as The City of Roses and residents are known as Windsorites.
Prior to European exploration and settlement, the Windsor area was inhabited by the First Nations and Native American people. Windsor was settled by the French in 1749 as an agricultural settlement. It is the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Canada west of Montreal. The area was first named Petite Côte ("Little Coast" - as opposed to the longer coastline on the Detroit side of the river). Later it was called La Côte de Misère ("Poverty Coast") because of the sandy soils near LaSalle.
Windsor's French Canadian heritage is reflected in many French street names, such as Ouellette, Pelissier, François, Pierre, Langlois, Marentette, and Lauzon. The current street system of Windsor (a grid with elongated blocks) reflects the Canadien method of agricultural land division, where the farms were long and narrow, fronting along the river. Today, the north-south street name often indicates the name of the family that at one time farmed the land. The street system of outlying areas is consistent with the British system for granting land concessions. There is a significant French-speaking minority in Windsor and the surrounding area, particularly in the Lakeshore, Tecumseh and LaSalle areas.
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Woodstock, Ontario
Woodstock (2011 population 37,754) is a city and the county seat of Oxford County in Southern (Southwestern) Ontario, Canada. Woodstock is located 128 km southwest of Toronto, north of Highway 401 along the historic Thames River. It is known as the Dairy Capital of Canada and promotes itself as "The Friendly City." Woodstock is the only city in Ontario to still have all of its original administration buildings.[citation needed]
Vansittart Avenue (named after Admiral Henry Vansittart, an early settler) in Woodstock's west end has one of the finest residential Victorian streetscapes in the province.[citation needed] Woodstock has a community centre that hosts hockey games in addition to most social gatherings.[citation needed]
The city government, Woodstock City Council, consists of four city councillors, two city and county councillors, and the mayor who serves as the Head of Council, currently Pat Sobeski. Woodstock is the seat of Oxford County, with the recently constructed County Administration Building located across from City Hall in the area of Dundas and Reeve Streets. For provincial and federal elections, Woodstock is included in the riding of Oxford. Currently, the MP of Oxford is Dave MacKenzie (Conservative), and the MPP is Ernie Hardeman (Progressive Conservative).
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York, Upper Canada
York was the name of Old Toronto between 1793 and 1834. It was the second capital of Upper Canada.
The town was established in 1793 by Governor John Graves Simcoe, with a new 'Fort York' on the site of the last French 'Fort Toronto'. He believed it would be a superior location for the capital of Upper Canada, which was then at Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake), as the new site would be less vulnerable to attack by the Americans. He renamed the location York after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, George III's second son.
The Old Town of York was laid out in ten original blocks between today's Adelaide and Front streets (the latter following the shoreline) with the first church (St James Anglican), Town Hall and Wharf (named St Lawrence after the river) on the west and the first parliament buildings, blockhouse and windmill on the east. All land south of Lot Street (now Queen Street) was reserved for expansion of the Town or Fort by the government as 'the Commons'. North of Lot Street began the rural Township of York (divided into large 'park lots') which only slowly emerged from the natural forest.
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Yukon
Coordinates: 63°38′N 135°46′W / 63.633°N 135.767°W / 63.633; -135.767
Yukon/ˈjuːkɒn/ is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories.
The territory was created from the rump of the Hudson's Bay Company's North-Western Territory in 1898 as "the Yukon". Receiving royal assent on March 27, 2002, the federal government moderized the Yukon Act to confirm "Yukon", rather than "Yukon Territory", as the current usage standard. Though officially bilingual (English and French) the Yukon Government also recognizes First Nations languages.
At 5,959 m (19,551 ft), Yukon's Mount Logan, in Kluane National Park and Reserve, is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest of North America (after Mount McKinley in the U.S. state of Alaska). The territory's climate is Arctic and subarctic, resulting in long cold winters, short summers, and little precipitation.
It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in.
The territory is the approximate shape of a right triangle, bordering the U.S. state of Alaska to the west for 1,210 km (752 mi) mostly along longitude 141° W, the Northwest Territories to the east and British Columbia to the south. Its northern coast is on the Beaufort Sea. Its ragged eastern boundary mostly follows the divide between the Yukon Basin and the Mackenzie River drainage basin to the east in the Mackenzie mountains. Whitehorse is the territorial capital.
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Algonquian peoples
The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups, with tribes originally numbering in the hundreds. Today hundreds of thousands of individuals identify with various Algonquian peoples. This grouping consists of peoples that speak Algonquian languages.
Before Europeans came into contact, most Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing, although quite a few supplemented their diet by cultivating corn, beans, squash, and (particularly among the Ojibwe) wild rice.
The Algonquians of New England (who spoke Eastern Algonquian) practiced a seasonal economy. The basic social unit was the village of a few hundred people related by a kinship structure. Villages were temporary and mobile. The people moved to locations of greatest natural food supply, often breaking into smaller units or recombining as the circumstances required. This custom resulted in a certain degree of cross-tribal mobility, especially in troubled times.
In warm weather, they constructed light wigwams for portability. In the winter, they erected the more substantial long houses, in which more than one clan could reside. They cached food supplies in more permanent, semi-subterranean structures.
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British people
British people (also referred to as the British, Britons, or informally as Brits or Britishers) are citizens or natives of the United Kingdom, of the Isle of Man, of any of the Channel Islands, or of any of the British overseas territories, and their descendants.British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by birth in the UK or by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, the term British people refers to the ancient Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain south of the Forth.
Although early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity. The notion of Britishness was forged during the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and the First French Empire, and developed further during the Victorian era. The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a "particular sense of nationhood and belonging" in Great Britain; Britishness became "superimposed on much older identities", of English, Scots and Welsh cultures, whose distinctiveness still resist notions of a homogenised British identity. Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions, British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial, but it is held with strong conviction by unionists.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit and Pāli). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā), craving (taṇhā), and suffering (dukkha), by recognizing dependent origination and sunyata, and attain Nirvana.
Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tiantai (Tendai) and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. There are other categorisations of these three Vehicles or Yanas.
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Canadians
Canadians (singular Canadian) are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be genetic, residential, legal, historical, cultural or ethnic. For most Canadians, several (frequently all) of those types of connections exist and are the source(s) of them being considered Canadians.
Aside from the Aboriginal peoples, who according to the 2006 Canadian Census numbered 1,172,790, 3.8% of the country's total population, the majority of the population is made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. After the initial period of French and then British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-aboriginal peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continues today. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by that of its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States.
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Chinese Canadian
Chinese Canadians (simplified Chinese: 加拿大华人; traditional Chinese: 加拿大華人; pinyin: Jiānádà Huárén) are Canadians of Chinese descent. They constitute the second-largest visible minority group in Canada, after South Asian Canadians. The Chinese community in Canada is the one of the largest overseas Chinese communities and is the second largest Overseas Chinese community in North America after the United States. and is the seventh largest in the Chinese diaspora. Overall demographic research tends to include immigrants from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau as well as overseas Chinese who have immigrated from South East Asia and South America into the broadly defined Chinese Canadian category as StatsCan refers Taiwanese Canadians as a separate group apart from Chinese Canadians.
Canadians of Chinese descent, including mixed Chinese and other ethnic origins, make up about four percent of the Canadian population, or about 1.3 million people as of 2006. The Chinese Canadian community is the largest ethnic group of Asian Canadians, consisting approximately 40% of the Asian Canadian population. Most of them are concentrated within the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The five metropolitan areas with the largest Chinese Canadian populations are the Greater Toronto Area (537,060), Metro Vancouver (402,000), Greater Montreal (120,000), Calgary Region (75,410), and the Edmonton Capital Region (53,670).
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Cree
The Cree are one of the largest groups of First Nations / Native Americans in North America, with 200,000 members living in Canada. The major proportion of Cree in Canada live north and west of Lake Superior, in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories. About 15,000 live in eastern Quebec.
In the United States, this Algonquian-speaking people historically lived from Lake Superior westward. Today, they live mostly in Montana, where they share a reservation with the Ojibwe (Chippewa).
The documented westward migration over time has been strongly associated with their roles as traders and hunters in the North American Fur Trade.
The Cree Nation is generally divided into eight groups (some political, others cultural):
Collectively the Cree used the autonym Nēhilawē (those who speak our language). They used "Cree" to refer to their people only when speaking the languages of the European colonists, French or English.
Skilled American bison hunters and horsemen, the Plains Cree were allied with the Assiniboine and the Saulteaux before they encountered French settlers in the 18th century.
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Dalton McGuinty
Dalton James Patrick McGuinty, Jr., MPP (born July 19, 1955) is a Canadian politician and, since October 23, 2003, the 24th and current Premier of the Canadian province of Ontario.
McGuinty is generally regarded as holding moderate views on economic issues, with his first budget raising personal taxes and planning to eliminate the province's tax on the capital of corporations. He holds liberal views on social issues, supporting abortion rights and same-sex marriage.
First elected to the premiership in 2003, with his reelection in 2007 McGuinty became the first Ontario Liberal to serve two terms as premier since Mitchell Hepburn nearly 70 years earlier. In 2011, he became the first Liberal premier to secure a third consecutive term since Sir Oliver Mowat, after his party was re-elected in that year's provincial election, albeit with a minority.
McGuinty was born in Ottawa, Ontario. His parents are politician and professor Dalton McGuinty, Sr. and full-time nurse Elizabeth McGuinty (née Pexton). Being the son of a Francophone mother and an Anglophone father, McGuinty is bilingual. McGuinty is the second Roman Catholic to hold the premiership. He grew up in an Irish Canadian family with nine brothers and sisters, with younger brother David representing the riding of Ottawa South in the Canadian House of Commons since 2004.
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David Onley
David Charles Onley,OOnt (born June 12, 1950) is the 28th and current Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, Canada.
Onley was a television journalist prior to his viceregal appointment. He worked primarily for Citytv as a science and technology reporter, and for the 24-hour news station CablePulse 24 as a news anchor and host of a weekly technology series, Home Page. A published author, he was founding president of the Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Canada.
David Onley was born in Midland, Ontario, and raised in West Hill on Orchard Park Drive in Scarborough, now part of Toronto. He was educated at the University of Toronto, graduating with a degree in political science.
Beginning at the age of three, Onley battled with polio, resulting in partial paralysis. However, as a result of extensive physical therapy, he regained the use of his hands and arms, and partial use of his legs. Onley is able to walk using leg braces and canes or crutches, but he generally prefers to get around using his electric scooter. He is able to drive a car using hand controls for acceleration and braking.
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Filipino Canadian
Filipino Canadians are Canadian citizens who have ancestry from the Philippines. Filipino Canadians are the fourth largest subgroup of the overseas Filipinos.
Canada only had a small population of Filipinos until the late 20th century. To date, there are currently around 400,000 Filipino Canadians in Canada, most of them living in urbanized areas. This number is growing yearly due to Canada's more liberal immigration laws to compensate for their low population growth. Filipino-Canadians are the third-largest Asian Canadian group in the nation after the Indian and Chinese communities. They are also the largest Southeast Asian group in the country. Between the years of 2001 and 2006 the Filipino community in Canada grew from 308,575 to 410,695 or a growth of about 33%, compared to the rest of Canada which only grew by about 5%. On average, Canada received about 20,500 Filipino immigrants every year between 2001 to 2006. Assuming this annual growth, the population is expected to hit 500,000 by 2010.
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First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The total population is nearly 700,000 people. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a "designated group", along with women, visible minorities, and persons with physical or mental disabilities. They are not defined as a visible minority under the Act or by the criteria of Statistics Canada.
The term First Nations (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the indigenous peoples of the Americas located in what is now Canada, except for the Arctic-situated Inuit, and peoples of mixed European-First Nations ancestry called Métis. The singular, commonly used on culturally politicized reserves, is the term First Nations person (when gender-specific, First Nations man or First Nations woman). A more recent trend is for members of various nations to refer to themselves by their tribal or national identity only, e.g., "I'm Haida," or "We're Kwantlens," in recognition of the distinctiveness of First Nations ethnicities.
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Franco-Ontarian
Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-Ontariens or Franco-Ontariennes if female) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. They are sometimes known as "Ontarois".
According to the 2006 Canadian census, there were 488,815 francophones in Ontario (declaring one mother tongue), comprising 4.1 per cent of the province's total population. A further 44,040 Ontarians declared French to be one of multiple mother tongues. Franco-Ontarians constitute the largest French-speaking community outside of Quebec, as well as the largest minority language group within Ontario.
The francophone population is concentrated in Eastern Ontario, in Ottawa, Cornwall and many rural farming communities, and in Northeastern Ontario, in the cities of Sudbury, North Bay and Timmins and a number of smaller towns. Other communities with notable francophone populations are Toronto, Windsor, Penetanguishene and Welland. Most communities in Ontario have at least a few Franco-Ontarian residents.
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French Canadian
French Canadian or Francophone Canadian (also Canadien in Canadian English or in French) generally refers to the descendents of French colonists who arrived in New France (Canada) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French-speaking population of Canada.
During the mid-18th century, Canadian colonists born in French Canada expanded across North America and colonized various regions, cities, and towns. Today, the majority of French Canadians live across North America, including the United States and Canada. The province of Quebec has the largest population of French Canadian descent, although smaller communities of French Canadians exist throughout Canada and in the American region of New England, where between 1840 and 1930, roughly 900,000 French Canadians emigrated to the United States and New England, in particular.
Other terms for French Canadians that continue to reside in the province of Quebec, are Quebeckers or Québécois. French Canadians constitute the second largest ethnic group in Canada, after English Canadians and before Scottish Canadians and Irish Canadians.
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Guillaume de L'Isle
Guillaume Delisle (28 February 1675 – 25 January 1726) was a French cartographer who lived in Paris.
His father, Claude Delisle (1644–1720) studied law and then later settled in Paris as private teacher in geography and history, and afterwards filled the office of royal censor. He was also a cartographer.
Guillaume Delisle's first works were "The Map of the World" and "The Map of the Continents", both published in 1700. These and the terrestrial maps produced subsequently, which surpassed all similar publications, established the son's fame. In 1702 he became élève, in 1716 adjoint, and in 1718 associé of the Académie des Sciences; and, as the young king's instructor in geography, received the title of First Royal Geographer with a fixed salary, an office which was then created for the first time.
His 1718 map, Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississippi was the first detailed map of the interior of what is now the United States.
Guillaume Delisle adopted entirely new principles in cartography and set about making a thorough reform in that subject. The map-publishers of the time did not know how to utilize the material supplied mainly by the French astronomers of the latter half of the seventeenth century, and Delisle recognized that the new methods of measuring by scale and of marking the places were very valuable for cartography; with this help he therefore produced a new and more accurate picture of the world.
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Henri Bourassa
Joseph-Napoléon-Henri Bourassa (September 1, 1868 – August 31, 1952) was a French Canadian political leader and publisher. He is seen by many as an ideological father of Canadian nationalism.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, to Napoléon and Marie Bourassa, Henri Bourassa was a grandson of the pro-democracy reformist politician Louis-Joseph Papineau. He was educated at École Polytechnique de Montréal and at Holy Cross College in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1890, he became mayor of the town of Montebello, Quebec, at age 22.
In 1896, he was elected to the House of Commons as an independent Liberal for Labelle, but resigned in 1899 to protest against the sending of Canadian troops to the Second Boer War. He was re-elected soon after his resignation. He argued that Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier was un vendu ("a sell-out") to British imperialism and its supporters in Canada.
To counter what he perceived to be the evils of imperialism, in 1903 he created the Ligue nationaliste canadienne to instill a pan-Canadian nationalist spirit in the Francophone population. The League opposed political dependence on either Britain or the United States, supporting instead Canadian autonomy within the British Empire.
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Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson (c. 1560s/70s – 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator in the early 17th century.
Hudson made two attempts on behalf of English merchants to find a prospective Northwest Passage to Cathay (today's China) via a route above the Arctic Circle. Hudson explored the region around modern New York metropolitan area while looking for a western route to Asia under the auspices of the Dutch East India Company. He explored the river which eventually was named for him, and laid thereby the foundation for Dutch colonization of the region.
Hudson discovered a strait and immense bay on his final expedition while searching for the Northwest Passage. In 1611, after wintering on the shore of James Bay, Hudson wanted to press on to the west, but most of his crew mutinied. The mutineers cast Hudson, his son and 7 others adrift; the Hudsons, and those cast off at their side, were never seen again.
Details of Hudson’s birth and early life are mostly unknown. Some sources have identified Hudson as having been born in about 1565, but others date his birth to around 1570. Other historians assert even less certainty; Mancall, for instance, states that '[Hudson] was probably born in the 1560s,” while Pennington gives no date at all. Hudson is thought[by whom?] to have spent many years at sea, beginning as a cabin boy and gradually working his way up to ship's captain.
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Howard Ferguson
George Howard Ferguson, PC (June 18, 1870 – February 21, 1946) was a Conservative politician and the ninth Premier of Ontario, Canada, from 1923 to 1930.
He was the son of Charles Frederick Ferguson who served in the Canadian House of Commons. Ferguson studied at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall, was called to the Ontario bar in 1894 and returned to Kemptville to practice. Ferguson was elected to the municipal council, serving three years as reeve of Kemptville. He married Ella Cumming in 1896.
First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1905 election, Ferguson served as Minister of Lands, Forest and Mines in the government of William Hearst from 1914 to 1919. Ferguson became leader of the Conservative Party upon the defeat of the Hearst government that year.
In the 1923 election, the Ontario Conservative Party came to power under Ferguson's leadership by defeating the United Farmers of Ontario-Labour coalition government of Ernest C. Drury. The Tories won 75 of the 111 seats in the legislature. Ferguson's government encouraged private investment in industry and the development of the province's natural resources as a means of achieving prosperity. It was re-elected in the 1926 election with 72 seats, and in 1929 with 90 seats.
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Indo-Canadians
Indo-Canadians are Canadians whose origins trace back to India. The terms East Indian and South Asian are used to distinguish people of ancestral origin from India, from the First Nations peoples of Canada who are often referred to as Indian, and from the people of the Caribbean, who are sometimes referred to as West Indian.
Most Canadians of Indian origin prefer, and many times will refer to themselves as, "Indian", rather than "East Indian". This is partially because historically the Americas were mistaken by Columbus as India and native Americans were mistaken by Columbus for Indians and later as West Indians. It is also seen to be a reflection of India's size and stature, as well as its cultural, economic and political position in the world.
However, because the term East Indian is not blatantly pejorative and persists in being widely used by other Canadians, this term is also somewhat acceptable and tolerated by most Indo-Canadians. The term "East Indian" is relatively unknown in India. Another term, NRI (non-resident Indian), is used by Indians in India to refer to Indians abroad, including Canada. The main concentration of the Indo-Canadian population is found in the Greater Toronto Area and the Metro Vancouver/Fraser Valley Region, however there are growing communities in Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton and Montreal.
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Iranian-Canadian
Iranian Canadians or Persian Canadians are Canadians of Iranian/Persian national background or descent. Their numbers are estimated as 121,510 from the 2006 Canadian census and the main communities can be found in Southern Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec; the vast majority, however, live in the northern suburbs of Toronto such as Richmond Hill, Vaughan, Markham, and Thornhill, and in the municipalities of Vancouver such as: North Vancouver, West Vancouver, Burnaby, and Coquitlam. An estimated total of 46,255 Iranians currently reside in the Greater Toronto Area, 29,265 in the Greater Vancouver Area, 9,535 in the Greater Montreal Area, and the remainder are spread out in the other major cities in Canada based on the 2006 Canadian Census. However, these numbers only represent the people who immigrated from Iran and filled out the census survey. There are an estimated 50,000 more Iranians who did not fill out the survey and were born outside Iran including Canada.[citation needed] Estimated numbers for Toronto are around 65,000, in Vancouver they range up to 40,000 and in Montreal there are not more than 15,000.
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Irish Canadian
Irish Canadians are immigrants and descendants of immigrants who originated in Ireland. 1.2 million Irish immigrants arrived, 1825 to 1970, at least half of those in the period from 1831–1850. By 1867, they were the second largest ethnic group (after the French), and comprised 24% of Canada's population. The 1931 national census counted 1,230,000 Canadians of Irish descent, half of whom lived in Ontario. About one-third were Catholic in 1931 and two-thirds Protestants.
The Irish immigrants were largely Protestant before the famine years of the 1840s, when the Catholics arrived in large numbers. However, most Catholic Irish after 1850 usually headed to the U.S., England and Australia.
The 2006 census by Statistics Canada, Canada's Official Statistical office revealed that the Irish were the 4th largest ethnic group with 4,354,000 Canadians with full or partial Irish descent or 14% of the country's total population. This was a large and significant increase of 531,495 since the 2001 census, which counted 3,823,000 respondents quoting Irish ethnicity.
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Iroquois
The Iroquois ( /ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/ or /ˈɪrəkwɑː/), also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are a league of several nations and tribes of indigenous people of North America. After the Iroquoian-speaking peoples of present-day central and upstate New York coalesced as distinct tribes, by the 16th century or earlier, they came together in an association known today as the Iroquois League, or the "League of Peace and Power". The original Iroquois League was often known as the Five Nations, as it was composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca nations. After the Tuscarora nation joined the League in 1722, the Iroquois became known as the Six Nations. The League is embodied in the Grand Council, an assembly of fifty hereditary sachems. Other Iroquian peoples lived along the St. Lawrence River, around the Great Lakes and in the American Southeast, but they were not part of the Haudenosaunee and often competed and warred with these tribes.
When Europeans first arrived in North America, the Haudenosaunee were based in what is now the northeastern United States, primarily in what is referred to today as upstate New York west of the Hudson River and through the Finger Lakes region. Today, the Iroquois live primarily in New York, Quebec, and Ontario.
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Jamaican Canadian
Jamaican Canadians are Canadians of Jamaican descent, or Jamaican-born people with Canadian citizenship. The population, according to Canada's 2006 Census, is 231,110. Jamaican Canadians comprise about 30% of the entire black Canadian population.
Most Jamaicans who arrive in Canada settle in the census metropolitan areas of Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, and Hamilton. The total number of Jamaicans in Canada has increased dramatically since the 1960s, and the reasons for coming are also different. Currently, Jamaicans can be found in every major Canadian city and occupy a multitude of occupations.
The first Jamaicans who came to Canada were West Indian slaves imported into New France and Nova Scotia individually and in small numbers. In 1796, the Maroons of Jamaica entered Halifax and were the first large group to enter British North America (The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2000). The name Maroons was used to describe slaves who ran away from their owners and created free communities away from the European settlements in Jamaica. A war between the Maroons and the British broke out on the island of Jamaica in 1795. The war ended when the British realizing that they could not win, tricked the Maroons into laying down their arms and then carried them into exile in Nova Scotia (James & Walker, 1984).
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James Whitney
Sir James Pliny Whitney, KCMG (October 2, 1843 – September 25, 1914) was a politician in the Canadian province of Ontario. Whitney was a lawyer in eastern Ontario, Conservative member for Dundas from 1888 to 1914, and the sixth Premier of Ontario from 1905 to 1914.
Whitney was born in Williamsburgh Township in 1843 and attended Cornwall Grammar School before articling the law office of John Sandfield Macdonald in the 1860s, but did not resume his legal studies until 1871. He was called to the bar in 1875.
Whitney became leader of the party in 1896 taking it from a narrow, bigoted rump into a forward-looking party determined to build the province.
In the 1905 election, he led the Tories to victory for the first time in 33 years by defeating the Liberal government of George William Ross.
Whitney's government laid the basis for Ontario's industrial development by creating the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, with Sir Adam Beck as its chairman and driving force. His government also passed the Workmen's Compensation Act and enacted temperance legislation. He also appeased the anti-Catholic, anti-French-Canadian sentiments of supporters of the Orange Order in his caucus (such as George Howard Ferguson) by passing Regulation 17. This regulation banned the teaching of French in schools beyond the first three years of school. The measure inflamed French-Canadian opinion across Canada, particularly in Quebec, and split the country as it entered World War I.
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John A. Macdonald
Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC (Can), QC (11 January 1815 – 6 June 1891), was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century. Macdonald served 19 years as Canadian Prime Minister; only William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer.
Macdonald was born in Scotland; when he was a boy his family emigrated to Kingston, Upper Canada (today in eastern Ontario). He articled with a local lawyer, who died before Macdonald qualified, and Macdonald opened his own practice, although not yet entitled to do so. He was involved in several high-profile cases and quickly became prominent in Kingston, which enabled him to seek and obtain a legislative seat in 1844. He served in the legislature of the colonial Province of Canada and by 1857 had become premier under the colony's unstable political system.
When in 1864 no party proved capable of governing for long, Macdonald agreed to a proposal from his political rival, George Brown, that the parties unite in a Great Coalition to seek federation and political reform. Macdonald was the leading figure in the subsequent discussions and conferences, which resulted in the British North America Act and the birth of Canada as a nation on 1 July 1867.
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John Graves Simcoe
John Graves Simcoe (February 25, 1752 – October 26, 1806) was a British army officer and the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1791–1796. Then frontier, this was modern-day southern Ontario and the watersheds of Georgian Bay and Lake Superior. He founded York (now Toronto) and was instrumental in introducing institutions such as the courts, trial by jury, English common law, freehold land tenure, and in abolishing slavery. He ended slavery in Upper Canada long before it was abolished in the British Empire as a whole – by 1810 there were no slaves in Upper Canada, but the Crown did not abolish slavery throughout the Empire until 1834.
John Graves Simcoe was the only surviving son of John and Katherine Simcoe; although his parents had four children, he was the only one to live past childhood. His father, a captain in the Royal Navy, commanded the 60-gun HMS Pembroke, with James Cook as his sailing master, during the 1758 siege of Louisbourg. When his father died of pneumonia a few months prior to the siege of Quebec, the family moved to his mother's parental home in Exeter. His paternal grandparents were William and Mary (née Hutchinson) Simcoe.
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John Robarts
John Parmenter Robarts, PC, CC, QC (January 11, 1917 – October 18, 1982) was a Canadian lawyer and statesman, and the 17th Premier of Ontario.
Robarts was born in Banff, Alberta, making him the only Ontario premier not to have been born in Ontario. As a young man, he moved to London, Ontario with his family, where he studied at Central Collegiate (today, London Central Secondary School) and at the University of Western Ontario in Business Administration. While attending Western, he joined the Delta Upsilon fraternity.
He enrolled to study law at Osgoode Hall Law School, but his education was interrupted by service with the Royal Canadian Navy during the World War II. He served as an officer on the HMS Uganda. After the war, he returned to law school and graduated in 1948.
He practiced law in London, Ontario, and was elected a city alderman. In 1951, he was elected as an Ontario Progressive Conservative Party member of the Ontario legislature from the city. He entered the cabinet of Leslie Frost in 1958 as minister without portfolio, and was promoted to Minister of Education in 1959.
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Keshia Chanté
Keshia Chanté (born Keshia Chanté Harper; June 16, 1988) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, model, actress, philanthropist, fashion icon and TV personality judge on singing competition reality series, YTV's The Next Star.
She signed to BMG Music Canada at the age of 14, and has released three albums in Canada.
She has had six Top Ten singles at radio with songs Unpredictable, Bad Boy, Does He Love Me?, Been Gone, 2U, Fallen & Table Dancer Chanté has won many awards, including a Juno Award, "Best New Artist" at the Canadian Radio Awards and Urban Music Awards, as well as "Video of the Year" and "Fans Choice". She is known in the U.S. for her "Bad Boy" video that was in heavy rotation on BET, her guest appearance in Bow Wow & Chris Brown's "Shortie Like Mine" video and constant media attention surrounding her personal life. After a three-year musical hiatus, in November 2010 Chante released 2 videos for 2 new singles "Table Dancer" and "Test Drive", both off her new album Night & Day, which was released November 2011. Both singles were nominated for Juno Awards; R&B Recording of the Year for "Test Drive" and Dance Recording of the Year for "Table Dancer".
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Kim Craitor
Kim Craitor is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the constituency of Niagara Falls for the Ontario Liberal Party.
Craitor grew up in the foster care system as a child before being adopted. This is evidenced in Hansard where on March 24, 2008, he is quoted as saying "One personal story-and I think I should share mine. You know, politics is a funny world. People sometimes think we do everything because it's politically what we do. I never knew my parents. I was raised through the children's aid society. Somehow, while I was going through that system, these two elderly people, for whatever reason, took me in, kept me and raised me."
Craitor worked in human resource development before entering politics. He was Executive Director of the Niagara Falls Employment Help Centre, and was a Human Relations Officer and Investigation and Control Officer at Human Resources Development Canada for 26 years.
Craitor was elected as an alderman to the Niagara Falls city council in 1990, and served in that capacity until 2003, often quarrelling with Mayor Wayne Thomson. He also served for ten years on the Niagara Falls Chamber of Commerce.
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Korean people
The Korean people are an ethnic group originating in the Korean peninsula.
South Koreans call Koreans Hanguk-in (한국인; 韓國人)—or simply 한인/Han-in for South Koreans living abroad—or informally Hanguk saram (한국 사람; 韓國 사람), while North Koreans call Koreans Chosŏnin (조선인; 朝鮮人) or Chosŏn saram (조선 사람; 朝鮮 사람). See Names of Korea, Korean romanization, Hangul (한글) and Hanja (한자).
Koreans are believed[by whom?] to be descendants of peoples of Manchuria, often said to be Altaic- or proto-Altaic-speaking tribes, linking them with Mongols, Turkic and Tungusic peoples. Archaeological evidence suggests proto-Koreans were migrants from south-central Siberia, who populated ancient Korea in successive waves from the Neolithic age to the Bronze Age. The same tomb style is an indication telling who lived there. The largest concentration of dolmen in the world is found on the Korean peninsula. In fact, with an estimated 35,000 dolmen Korea counts for nearly 40% of the world’s total. Similar dolmens can be found outside of Korea, in Manchuria, Shandong, and Kyushu. Yet it is unclear why this culture only flourished so extensively on the Korean peninsula in the area of Northeastern Asia.
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List of Canadians
This is a list of Canadians, people born in Canada, or who became citizens of Canada, grouped by their area of notability.
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Molly Johnson
Molly Johnson, OC is a Canadian Juno Award-winning singer-songwriter of pop and jazz.
Johnson began as a child performer, receiving formal training from the National Ballet School and the Banff School of Fine Arts. Johnson's brother Clark Johnson, an actor and director (Homicide: Life on the Street, The Wire), and sister Taborah Johnson, an actor and singer, are also noted Canadian performers.
The child of a white mother and a black father, Johnson's career started in the mid-1960s when as a young grade schooler, she and her brother, were tapped by legendary Toronto producer Ed Mirvish to appear in Porgy and Bess at the Royal Alexandra Theatre. In time Porgy and Bess was followed by South Pacific, Finian's Rainbow and other musicals. The budding child star was soon enrolled the National Ballet School as she desired to become a choreographer. By the age of seventeen, Molly was fronting a disco band named A Chocolate Affair. The group lasted just over a year.
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Ojibwa
The Ojibwe (also Ojibwa or Ojibway) or Chippewa (also Chippeway) are among the largest groups of Native Americans–First Nations north of Mexico. They are divided between Canada and the United States. In Canada, they are the second-largest population among First Nations, surpassed only by Cree. In the United States, they had the fourth-largest population among Native American tribes, surpassed only by Navajo, Cherokee and the Lakota. Because many Ojibwe were historically formerly located mainly around the outlet of Lake Superior, which the French colonists called Sault Ste. Marie, they referred to the Ojibwe as Saulteurs. Ojibwe who subsequently moved to the prairie provinces of Canada have retained the name Saulteaux. Ojibwe who were originally located about the Mississagi River and made their way to southern Ontario are known as the Mississaugas.
The Ojibwe peoples are a major component group of the Anishinaabe-speaking peoples, a branch of the Algonquian language family which includes the Algonquin, Nipissing, Oji-Cree, Odawa and the Potawatomi. The Ojibwe peoples number over 56,440 in the U.S., living in an area stretching across the northern tier from Michigan west to Montana.[citation needed] Another 77,940 of main-line Ojibwe; 76,760 Saulteaux and 8,770 Mississaugas, in 125 bands, live in Canada, stretching from western Quebec to eastern British Columbia.[citation needed] They are historically known for their crafting of birch bark canoes, sacred birch bark scrolls, use of cowrie shells for trading, cultivation of wild rice, and use of copper arrow points. In 1745 they adopted guns from the British to use to defeat and push the Dakota nation of the Sioux to the south.
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Oliver Mowat
Sir Oliver Mowat, GCMG PC QC (July 22, 1820 – 19 April 1903) was a Canadian politician, and the third Premier of Ontario from 1872 to 1896, making him the longest serving premier of that province and the 3rd longest in all of Canadian history. He is one of the Fathers of Confederation.
Mowat was born in Kingston, Ontario to John Mowat and Helen Levack.
Before entering politics, Mowat trained as a lawyer, and, on January 27, 1836, Mowat, not yet sixteen years old, articled in the law office of John A. Macdonald. He was called to the bar November 5, 1841. In 1846, he married Jane Ewart, a daughter of John Ewart of Toronto. In 1856 Mowat was appointed Queen's Counsel.
He first entered politics as an alderman of the City of Toronto in 1857. From there, he became a member of the Legislative Assembly for South Ontario.
As a youth, he had taken up arms with the royalists during the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, which suggested a conservative inclination in politics. However, he did not trust the politics of Macdonald, George-Étienne Cartier, or the other leaders of the Conservative Party and instead joined the Reformers. As a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1858 to 1864, he was closely associated with George Brown and served as Provincial Secretary (1858) and Postmaster-General (1863–1864) in pre-Confederation government (the John Sandfield Macdonald administration) and was also an avid supporter of "representation by population". With Brown, he helped create what became the Ontario Liberal Party as well as the Liberal Party of Canada.
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Romanian people
The Romanians (dated: Rumanians or Roumanians; in Romanian: români pronounced [roˈmɨnʲ] or — historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism — rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania.
The Romanian people are a nation in the meaning of ethnos (Romanian: etnie), defined by the sense of sharing a common Romanian culture, descent, and having Romanian as mother tongue, as well as by citizenship or by being subjects to the same country. The Romanian citizenship law legislated in March 1991 establishes the rights of second and third generation descendants of Romanian citizens to obtain a Romanian citizenship, if they speak fluent Romanian and are able to demonstrate sufficient knowledge in Romanian history and culture. 89.4 percent of Romania's people declared themselves as Romanians at the 2002 Romanian Census.
In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries.
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Russians in Canada
A Russian-Canadian is a citizen or permanent resident of Canada who is from Russia or of Russian descent.
Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2006.
Data in this section from Statistics Canada, 2006.
Data in this section from Statistics Canada, 2006.
Data in this section from Statistics Canada, 2006.
Data in this section from Statistics Canada, 2006.
Data in this section from Statistics Canada, 2006.
Data in this section from Statistics Canada, 2006.
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Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain (French pronunciation: [samɥɛl də ʃɑ̃plɛ̃] born Samuel Champlain; August 13 1574 – December 25, 1635), "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608. He is important to Canadian history because he made the first accurate map of the coast and he helped establish the settlements.
Born into a family of master mariners, Champlain, while still a young man, began exploring North America in 1603 under the guidance of François Gravé Du Pont. From 1604 to 1607 Champlain participated in the exploration and settlement of the first permanent European settlement north of Florida, Port Royal, Acadia (1605). Then, in 1608, he established the French settlement that is now Quebec City. Champlain was the first European to explore and describe the Great Lakes, and published maps of his journeys and accounts of what he learned from the natives and the French living among the Natives. He formed relationships with local Montagnais and Innu and later with others farther west (Ottawa River, Lake Nipissing, or Georgian Bay), with Algonquin and with Huron Wendat, and agreed to provide assistance in their wars against the Iroquois.
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Scottish Canadian
Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and among the first to settle in Canada, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to the 2001 Census of Canada, the number of Canadians claiming full or partial Scottish descent is 5,219,850 [3], or 15.10% of the nation's total population, however this is said to be a major underestimation.
Scottish people have a long history in Canada, dating back several centuries. Many towns, rivers and mountains have been named in honour of Scottish explorers and traders such as Mackenzie Bay and Calgary is named after a Scottish beach. Most notably, the Atlantic province of Nova Scotia is Latin for New Scotland. Once Scots formed the vanguard of the movement of Europeans across the continent. In more modern times, emigrants from Scotland have played a leading role in the social, political and economic history of Canada, being prominent in banking, labour unions, and politics.
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Tomi Swick
Tomi Swick is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Hamilton, Ontario signed to Warner Music Canada.
By age 13, Swick had learned to play several instruments, including the bagpipes, military drums, piano and guitar. At 19 he began playing in a Hamilton band but soon pursued a solo career. He is a graduate of Cathedral High School. In February 2006, Swick's song "A Night Like This" was released as the first single from the compilation album From the Heart. The single became a top-five radio hit in Canada.
In 2006, Swick released his debut album, Stalled Out in the Doorway, which entered the chart at number 77. The singles "Everything Is Alright" and "Sorry Again" received moderate videoplay on Much Music and MuchMoreMusic. At the 2007 Juno Awards, Swick was awarded New Artist of the Year.
From January 1, 2007 to February 26, 2007 Swick toured with The Barenaked Ladies on their BLAM tour.
Swick also contributed to two songs on the album 68 by Year of the Monkey. He wrote and performed on the song "Leaving You Behind" and covered John Lennon's "Dear Prudence".
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Ukrainian Canadian
A Ukrainian Canadian (Ukrainian: Український канадець, Українці Канади; translit. Ukrayins'kyi kanadets, Ukrayintsi Kanady) is a person of Ukrainian descent or origin who was born in or emigrated to Canada. In 2006, there were an estimated 1,209,085 persons of full or partial Ukrainian origin residing in Canada (mainly Canadian-born citizens) making them Canada's ninth largest ethnic group; and giving Canada the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia. Self-identified Ukrainians are the plurality in several rural areas of Western Canada.
Over the last thirty years,[when?] a debate has been ongoing whether a tiny number of Ukrainians settled in Canada before 1891. Most controversial is the claim that Ukrainians may have been infantrymen alongside Poles in the Swiss French "De Meurons" and "De Watteville" regiments who fought for the British on the Niagara Peninsula during the War of 1812 – and that Ukrainians were among those soldiers who decided to stay in Upper Canada (southern Ontario). Other Ukrainians supposedly arrived as part of other immigrant groups: claims that individual Ukrainian families may have settled in southern Manitoba in the 1870s alongside blocks of Mennonites and other Germans from the Russian Empire; or that single male Ukrainians were participants in the Russian Empire's exploration parties and fur trade along the western coast of North America (including British Columbia). Because there is so little definitive documentary evidence of individual Ukrainians among these three groups, they are not generally regarded as among the first Ukrainians in Canada.
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Wyandot language
Wyandot is the Iroquoian language traditionally spoken by the people known variously as Wyandot, Wyandotte, Wendat, or Huron. It was last spoken primarily in Oklahoma and Quebec. Linguists have traditionally considered Wyandot as a dialect or modern form of Wendat.
Wyandot essentially "died out" as a spoken language nearly a century ago, though there are now attempts at revitalization. The Wyandotte Nation of Oklahoma is offering Wyandot language classes in the Wyandotte Public Schools, grades K–4, and also at the Wyandotte Nation's pre-school "Turtle-Tots" program. The Wendat Community of Quebec is offering adult and children's classes in the Wendat language at its village school in Wendake.
Although it is traditionally equated with or seen as a dialect of the Iroquoian Wendat (Huron), Wyandot became so differentiated as to be considered a distinct language. This change appears to have happened sometime between the mid-eighteenth century, when the Jesuit missionary Pierre Potier (1708–1781) documented the Petun dialect of Wendat in Canada, and the mid-nineteenth century. By the time the ethnographer Marius Barbeau made his transcriptions of the Wyandot language in Wyandotte, Oklahoma, in 1911-1912, it had diverged enough to be considered a separate language.
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Wyandot people
The Wyandot (Wendat in their Iroquoian language), also called Huron, are indigenous peoples of North America. They traditionally spoke Wendat. The pre-contact people formed by the 15th century in the area of the north shore of present-day Lake Ontario, before migrating to Georgian Bay. It was in their later location that they first encountered the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1615.
The modern Wyandot emerged in the late 17th century from the remnants of two earlier groups, the Wendat or Huron Confederacy and the Tionontate, called the Petun (tobacco people) by the French because of their cultivation of the crop. They were located in the southern part of what is now the Canadian province of Ontario around Georgian Bay. Drastically reduced in number by epidemic diseases after 1634, they were dispersed by war in 1649 from the Iroquois of the Haudenosaunee, then based in present-day New York.
Today the Wyandot have a reserve in Quebec, Canada. In addition, they have three major settlements, two of which have independently governed, federally recognized tribes, in the United States. Due to differing development of the groups, they speak distinct forms of Wendat and Wyandot languages.
wn.com/Wyandot_people -
Étienne Brûlé
Étienne Brûlé (c. 1592 – c. June 1633) was the first of European French explorer to journey along the St. Lawrence River with the Native Americans and to view Georgian Bay and Lake Huron in the 17th century. A rugged outdoorsman, he took to the lifestyle of the First Nations and had a unique contribution to the geographical knowledge of New France. He departed from his home in Champigny-sur-Marne, southeast of Paris, France, at the young age of 10 and set sail for Quebec, which was part of the newly claimed lands of New France. Brûlé, becoming an interpreter for Champlain, traveled with the Native population and not only explored the many dangerous areas of the unknown wilderness, but also learned the habits and customs of the indigenous peoples, particularly the Hurons. He was sent on many portages by Samuel de Champlain as well as sent to live among the Huron people. He scouted the rivers and forests and was a guide and interpreter for Champlain, but in 1629, he betrayed his friend and patron. Not long after his disloyalty to Champlain, Brûlé was killed by the Bear tribe of Huron Indians.
wn.com/Étienne_Brûlé
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Hamilton, Ontario - The Great Canadian City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
A uniquely urban destination surrounded by stunning nature, Hamilton offers visitors an ideal blend of history, culture and outdoor adventure. Less than a one-hour drive from Toronto and Niagara Falls, the city boasts a strong arts scene, award-winning dining and a vast outdoor playground for nature enthusiasts. Visit www.tourismhamilton.com for complete event/hotel/attraction/restaurant listings and more. CN Rail video at 2:14 from our friend @LocalRailfan.
http://wn.com/Hamilton,_Ontario_The_Great_Canadian_City
A uniquely urban destination surrounded by stunning nature, Hamilton offers visitors an ideal blend of history, culture and outdoor adventure. Less than a one-hour drive from Toronto and Niagara Falls, the city boasts a strong arts scene, award-winning dining and a vast outdoor playground for nature enthusiasts. Visit www.tourismhamilton.com for complete event/hotel/attraction/restaurant listings and more. CN Rail video at 2:14 from our friend @LocalRailfan.
Hamilton, Ontario, CA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:07
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Driving around
http://wn.com/Hamilton,_Ontario,_CA
People that don't like Hamilton Ontario have never seen it.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:25
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
except for the view from the skyway bridge, Not Hamilton's best side.
http://wn.com/People_that_don't_like_Hamilton_Ontario_have_never_seen_it
except for the view from the skyway bridge, Not Hamilton's best side.
- published: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 5574
- author: daveni2
JAMES STREET HISTORY: HAMILTON ONTARIO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
A brief history of James Street in Hamilton and its recent revival. Narrated by Margaret Houghton, who has written several books on Steel City's history. She did not want to appear on camera. It's not the greatest, made in fall 2009 and it was the first time I edited a video using final cut. Still, thought I'd throw that shit up!
http://wn.com/JAMES_STREET_HISTORY_HAMILTON_ONTARIO
A brief history of James Street in Hamilton and its recent revival. Narrated by Margaret Houghton, who has written several books on Steel City's history. She did not want to appear on camera. It's not the greatest, made in fall 2009 and it was the first time I edited a video using final cut. Still, thought I'd throw that shit up!
- published: 04 Mar 2011
- views: 3257
- author: Matt Marcone
Blue Line Cab BURNS!! @ Jackson Square Hamilton Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:44
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
A blue line taxi cab caught fire across from Jackson square in Hamilton On.
http://wn.com/Blue_Line_Cab_BURNS!!_@_Jackson_Square_Hamilton_Ontario
A blue line taxi cab caught fire across from Jackson square in Hamilton On.
- published: 29 May 2012
- views: 775
- author: davinspawn
PIER FISHING HAMILTON ONTARIO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
Out for a few hours chasing Salmon in Lake ontario.
http://wn.com/PIER_FISHING_HAMILTON_ONTARIO
Out for a few hours chasing Salmon in Lake ontario.
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 369
- author: crappiekilla2796
Driving in Hamilton Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:44
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Drive through the city of Hamilton Ontario. I started off on Fennel Avenue, turned right onto Upper Wellington, then I drove down the Jolley Cut to John Street then I followed John Street to Barton Street and I turned right onto Barton Street and I then ended this video in the parking lot of the Centre Mall. This video of Hamilton Ontario was recorded on July 22, 2012. To see more videos of Hamilton Ontario. Check out other videos that I have uploaded.
http://wn.com/Driving_in_Hamilton_Ontario
Drive through the city of Hamilton Ontario. I started off on Fennel Avenue, turned right onto Upper Wellington, then I drove down the Jolley Cut to John Street then I followed John Street to Barton Street and I turned right onto Barton Street and I then ended this video in the parking lot of the Centre Mall. This video of Hamilton Ontario was recorded on July 22, 2012. To see more videos of Hamilton Ontario. Check out other videos that I have uploaded.
- published: 23 Jul 2012
- views: 637
- author: Dan Collins
Gangnam Style (강남스타일) - McMaster University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
We do not own Copyright to the audio in this video. Original video: PSY - GANGNAM STYLE (강남스타일) M/V - www.youtube.com www.facebook.com www.twitter.com (#GoMacGo) Performance By: McMaster Men's Basketball Team (marauders.ca Sponsored by Volv | Lifestyle & Entertainment (www.volv.ca Filmed and Produced By: Eyedentical Media (www.eyedentical.ca) Directed By Asfand Minhas Team Manager: Tarik El-Tyeb Choreography: Shivani Persaud Special thanks to: President Dr. Patrick Deane Open Street Hamilton: McMaster Edition Verve Dance Team TwelvEighty Chris Pickard & Stephen Schneider (McMaster Football)
http://wn.com/Gangnam_Style_강남스타일_McMaster_University
We do not own Copyright to the audio in this video. Original video: PSY - GANGNAM STYLE (강남스타일) M/V - www.youtube.com www.facebook.com www.twitter.com (#GoMacGo) Performance By: McMaster Men's Basketball Team (marauders.ca Sponsored by Volv | Lifestyle & Entertainment (www.volv.ca Filmed and Produced By: Eyedentical Media (www.eyedentical.ca) Directed By Asfand Minhas Team Manager: Tarik El-Tyeb Choreography: Shivani Persaud Special thanks to: President Dr. Patrick Deane Open Street Hamilton: McMaster Edition Verve Dance Team TwelvEighty Chris Pickard & Stephen Schneider (McMaster Football)
- published: 02 Oct 2012
- views: 315558
- author: McMaster Marauders
Sherman Access Downhill Longboarding raw Hamilton Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Eric Peters and Ben Boudreau rip up the sherman access, taking advantage of the closed left lane
http://wn.com/Sherman_Access_Downhill_Longboarding_raw_Hamilton_Ontario
Eric Peters and Ben Boudreau rip up the sherman access, taking advantage of the closed left lane
- published: 04 Sep 2011
- views: 7172
- author: outofline1234567890
Hamilton, Ontario Board of Health - 03 Dec 2012 - Clip 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
12:44 to 15:46 Bratina introducing his point of order. Credit - Clips edited from footage taked by Joey Coleman and licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. Full video here (new.livestream.com
http://wn.com/Hamilton,_Ontario_Board_of_Health_03_Dec_2012_Clip_2
12:44 to 15:46 Bratina introducing his point of order. Credit - Clips edited from footage taked by Joey Coleman and licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. Full video here (new.livestream.com
- published: 06 Dec 2012
- views: 115
- author: Ryan McGreal
Hamilton, Ontario Board of Health - 03 Dec 2012 - Clip 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
18:05 to 20:30 Farr asks his questions of Dr. Richardson. Credit - Clips edited from footage taked by Joey Coleman and licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. Full video here (new.livestream.com
http://wn.com/Hamilton,_Ontario_Board_of_Health_03_Dec_2012_Clip_4
18:05 to 20:30 Farr asks his questions of Dr. Richardson. Credit - Clips edited from footage taked by Joey Coleman and licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. Full video here (new.livestream.com
- published: 06 Dec 2012
- views: 126
- author: Ryan McGreal
FPS Paintball: ETEK3 Rush (Hamilton, Ontario)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
www.youtube.com Click here to watch FPS Paintball: I'm Getting Used to this ETEK3 Hamilton, Ontario (Paintball In Real Life) Sports FPS Paintball: ETEK3 Rush Hamilton, Ontario (Paintball In Real Life) Sports Thanks for watching guys, more paintball on my channel :) DIRECTOR'S CHANNEL: www.youtube.com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This Sports video will show you: How to rush How to walk the trigger How to paintball How to shoot an etek3 How to snap shoot - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FOR MACHINIMA'S BEST HIGH QUALITY SERIES, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE COMPETITIVE GAMING, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE ANIMATIONS & SHORTS, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com WANT TO JOIN THE MACHINIMA AFFILIATE PROGRAM? FILL OUT AN APPLICATION HERE: Link: bit.ly
http://wn.com/FPS_Paintball_ETEK3_Rush_Hamilton,_Ontario
www.youtube.com Click here to watch FPS Paintball: I'm Getting Used to this ETEK3 Hamilton, Ontario (Paintball In Real Life) Sports FPS Paintball: ETEK3 Rush Hamilton, Ontario (Paintball In Real Life) Sports Thanks for watching guys, more paintball on my channel :) DIRECTOR'S CHANNEL: www.youtube.com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This Sports video will show you: How to rush How to walk the trigger How to paintball How to shoot an etek3 How to snap shoot - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FOR MACHINIMA'S BEST HIGH QUALITY SERIES, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE COMPETITIVE GAMING, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE ANIMATIONS & SHORTS, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com WANT TO JOIN THE MACHINIMA AFFILIATE PROGRAM? FILL OUT AN APPLICATION HERE: Link: bit.ly
- published: 28 Oct 2012
- views: 1731
- author: MachinimaSports
Driving in Hamilton Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Drive through the city of Hamilton Ontario. I started off on Ellis Avenue, turned left onto Barton Street East, then turned left onto Wellington Street North and the video ends on Wellington Street and Cannon Street East. This video of Hamilton Ontario was recorded on July 16, 2012. To see more videos of Hamilton Ontario. Check out other videos that I have uploaded.
http://wn.com/Driving_in_Hamilton_Ontario
Drive through the city of Hamilton Ontario. I started off on Ellis Avenue, turned left onto Barton Street East, then turned left onto Wellington Street North and the video ends on Wellington Street and Cannon Street East. This video of Hamilton Ontario was recorded on July 16, 2012. To see more videos of Hamilton Ontario. Check out other videos that I have uploaded.
- published: 23 Jul 2012
- views: 87
- author: Dan Collins
Robocop 2014
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:19
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
I recorded this clip on the set of the new Robocop Remake set to be released in the year 2014. This was recorded on James Street and Colbourne Street in Hamilton Ontario. More videos are going to be uploaded so do not forget to suscribe and check out my other videos. Thanks
http://wn.com/Robocop_2014
I recorded this clip on the set of the new Robocop Remake set to be released in the year 2014. This was recorded on James Street and Colbourne Street in Hamilton Ontario. More videos are going to be uploaded so do not forget to suscribe and check out my other videos. Thanks
- published: 01 Oct 2012
- views: 8382
- author: Dan Collins
Filming of the NEW RoboCop in Hamilton, Ontario.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Caught a scene of the new Robocop from 'Action' to 'Cut' in Hamilton. Involves fake rain, gunfire, sparks, deaths, and a running man! Action starts around 1:30.
http://wn.com/Filming_of_the_NEW_RoboCop_in_Hamilton,_Ontario
Caught a scene of the new Robocop from 'Action' to 'Cut' in Hamilton. Involves fake rain, gunfire, sparks, deaths, and a running man! Action starts around 1:30.
- published: 02 Oct 2012
- views: 1908
- author: Daniel MacEnchroe
Boston - Live at Hamilton, Ontario 1988
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 105:30
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
at Copps Coliseum, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Dec 7th 1988
http://wn.com/Boston_Live_at_Hamilton,_Ontario_1988
at Copps Coliseum, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Dec 7th 1988
- published: 05 Jun 2012
- views: 27928
- author: AnonymusManic
Crazy crack head lady at fortinos plaza (hamilton ontario)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:13
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
i was at fortinos plaza (hamilton ontario) when i noticed a crack head who had pulled all the clothes out of a storage bin and started throwing them everywhere choosing the ones she liked and throwing them in her buggy. She vanishes into the bin at the end which is when i got bored of recording and took off. I know i probably should have went to the bin and scared her for a laugh, but i was hesitant
http://wn.com/Crazy_crack_head_lady_at_fortinos_plaza_hamilton_ontario
i was at fortinos plaza (hamilton ontario) when i noticed a crack head who had pulled all the clothes out of a storage bin and started throwing them everywhere choosing the ones she liked and throwing them in her buggy. She vanishes into the bin at the end which is when i got bored of recording and took off. I know i probably should have went to the bin and scared her for a laugh, but i was hesitant
- published: 30 Nov 2010
- views: 10557
- author: mike walters
Railfanning Newtonville & Hamilton, Ontario 6/23/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:31
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
(HD) Train 1 VIA 50 VIA P42DC #902 VIA P42DC #917 Train 2 CN 107 CN SD70M-2 #8921 CN SD70M-2 #8920 Train 3 VIA 655 VIA F40PH-3 #6428 Train 4 CP 113 CP ES44AC #8748 DPU: CP AC4400CW #9771 Train 5 CN 308 CN SD70M-2 #8825 CN SD70M-2 #8832 Train 6 VIA 641 VIA P42DC #904 Train 7...
http://wn.com/Railfanning_Newtonville_Hamilton,_Ontario_6_23_2012
(HD) Train 1 VIA 50 VIA P42DC #902 VIA P42DC #917 Train 2 CN 107 CN SD70M-2 #8921 CN SD70M-2 #8920 Train 3 VIA 655 VIA F40PH-3 #6428 Train 4 CP 113 CP ES44AC #8748 DPU: CP AC4400CW #9771 Train 5 CN 308 CN SD70M-2 #8825 CN SD70M-2 #8832 Train 6 VIA 641 VIA P42DC #904 Train 7...
- published: 08 Jul 2012
- views: 449
- author: coryrusch
Canadian Special Forces - Helicopter Training in Hamilton, Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron conducting training in downtown Hamilton, Ontario. The squadron is part of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, which also contains the Joint Task Force 2 that's responsible for counter terrorism operations and armed assistance to other government departments. Shot with a Canon T2i. 1080p @ 24fps.
http://wn.com/Canadian_Special_Forces_Helicopter_Training_in_Hamilton,_Ontario
427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron conducting training in downtown Hamilton, Ontario. The squadron is part of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, which also contains the Joint Task Force 2 that's responsible for counter terrorism operations and armed assistance to other government departments. Shot with a Canon T2i. 1080p @ 24fps.
- published: 31 Oct 2012
- views: 282
- author: SATPROPRODUCTIONS
Team Joslin's MMA (Hamilton, Ontario) fights at the AFC - Outdoor Warz III
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
www.joslinsmma.com - A big crew of fighters and fans from Joslin's MMA in Hamilton headed to Outdoor Warz III in Michigan to compete. This video contains some highlights from their bouts. Click the link in the top left corner of this description box to try a free week of lessons at Joslin's Mixed Martial Arts
http://wn.com/Team_Joslin's_MMA_Hamilton,_Ontario_fights_at_the_AFC_Outdoor_Warz_III
www.joslinsmma.com - A big crew of fighters and fans from Joslin's MMA in Hamilton headed to Outdoor Warz III in Michigan to compete. This video contains some highlights from their bouts. Click the link in the top left corner of this description box to try a free week of lessons at Joslin's Mixed Martial Arts
- published: 13 Aug 2012
- views: 1223
- author: Jeff Joslin
Jonathan Frid - A short trip to Hamilton, Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:45
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Jonathan Frid gives us a quick tour of some of the streets he grew up on...including the place he once called home, This would sadly be one of the last videos we had the opportunity to take together before Jonathan passed away, in April 2012. He will be forever missed.
http://wn.com/Jonathan_Frid_A_short_trip_to_Hamilton,_Ontario
Jonathan Frid gives us a quick tour of some of the streets he grew up on...including the place he once called home, This would sadly be one of the last videos we had the opportunity to take together before Jonathan passed away, in April 2012. He will be forever missed.
- published: 24 Apr 2012
- views: 2079
- author: MrJonathanFrid
Lita Ford - Kiss me deadly - Hamilton Ontario 7-17-12 (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Lita Ford recorded July 17th 2012 at Copps Coliseum in Hamilton Ontario.
http://wn.com/Lita_Ford_Kiss_me_deadly_Hamilton_Ontario_7-17-12_HD
Lita Ford recorded July 17th 2012 at Copps Coliseum in Hamilton Ontario.
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 998
- author: MrRockstarMedia
chch news Hamilton Ontario Severe Thunderstorm news Sunday 22 July 2012*
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Sunday 22 July 2012
http://wn.com/chch_news_Hamilton_Ontario_Severe_Thunderstorm_news_Sunday_22_July_2012*
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
13 Dec 2012
MOSCOW, December 13 (RIA Novosti) – Syrian rebels behind the kidnapping of Ukrainian journalist Ankhar Kochneva have released a video threatening more attacks on Russians and Ukrainians, as a deadline for her execution approaches on Thursday. Kochneva, a 40-year-old Ukrainian citizen, was abducted in October by Syrian rebels as she traveled to the city of Homs, and has been held there by them since, they claim ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady
10 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. In the desert of central Australia still resides a primitive tribe known as the Arunta. This non-technological and stateless group, which mainly depends on hunting and gathering, had suffered several inexplicable deaths ... Therefore, they organized an atinga, or revenge group ... When the guiltless tribe learned of their approach, they sent out a delegation of young women as a token of peace....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
11 Dec 2012
The death toll brought about by typhoon “Pablo” continued to rise with 714 persons confirmed dead by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) yesterday while those missing ballooned to 890 as massive search, retrieval and relief operations continue in the typhoon-ravaged areas in Mindanao ... 4 ... They were subsequently brought to Caraga Regional Hospital ... (NHMFC) (P100,000) ... With AFP ....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
11 Dec 2012
Afghan women victims of violence are still being failed by the justice system, according to a new UN report. Although there had been some progress in implementing a 2009 anti-violence law, overall use of the law "remained low", the report says. Cultural pressures and inconsistent police practices are hampering implementation of the law, it added ... 'Tip of the iceberg' ... Afghan victims of sexual abuse rarely speak out ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office
12 Dec 2012
MOSCOW. Russia President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday denounced opponents who receive financial assistance from abroad and vowed that the country would not allow democracy to be imposed from the outside. Putin said in his first annual state-of-the-nation address since he returned to the Kremlin for a third term that it should be illegal for anyone who receives money from abroad to be a politician in Russia ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
CBC
13 Dec 2012
Shrybman is trying to prove that Mosley must throw out the results of the election in those six ridings.Nipissing-Timiskaming in Ontario.Elmwood-Transcona and Winnipeg South Centre in Manitoba.Saskatoon-Rosetown-Biggar.Vancouver Island North.Yukon....(size: 1.4Kb)
Canada Newswire
13 Dec 2012
Canadians focused on sticking to their holiday budgets, but almost one-quarter of holiday spending so far is unplanned purchases for themselves. TORONTO, Dec. 13, 2012 /CNW/ - A new CIBC (CM ... The poll highlights that among Canadians who have already started their holiday shopping ... Delaney ... KEY POLL FINDINGS ... Ontario 49% ... Ontario $138 ... Ontario $419 ... SOURCE ... Sean Hamilton, Director, Media Relations, CIBC (416) 304-8456 or sean.hamilton@cibc.com....(size: 6.2Kb)
CBC
13 Dec 2012
Arthur Hamilton, the lawyer for the Conservative MPs, will lay out his case when Duggan is done. It will be the first time Hamilton presents a response to the application to overturn the election results ... in Ontario.Elmwood-Transcona and Winnipeg South Centre in Manitoba.Saskatoon-Rosetown-Biggar.Vancouver Island North.Yukon....(size: 2.4Kb)
Bloomberg
13 Dec 2012
Immigration will test the handsets along with RIM’s new enterprise software designed for large corporate and business customers, the Waterloo, Ontario-based company said in a statement ... A number of enterprise customers, including consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton and the National Transportation Safety ......(size: 1.6Kb)
Jamaica Observer
13 Dec 2012
The 24-year-old, three-time Olympian swam 29.72 seconds in the heats and lowered the mark to 29.62 seconds in the semi-final. She erased her previous national mark of 29.87 seconds set last month at the Coupe Canada Cup in Etobiocoke, Ontario ... Brad Hamilton, Angela Chuck, Jonathon Wong, and Victorio Ho are other Jamaican swimmers to have participated in the short course championships ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
noodls
13 Dec 2012
(Source. Sonova Holding AG) ... This corresponds to 9.99% of total capital and voting rights. 1Subsidiaries of MFS Investment Management.. MFS Investment Management ("MFS") - 500 Boylston St., Boston, MA 02110, USA. MFS Heritage Trust Co ... ("MIL") - Canons's Court, 22 Victoria Street, Hamilton, HM12, Bermuda ... Luxembourg No ... MFS McLean Budden Limited ("MBL") - 145 King Street West, Suite 2525, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 1J8....(size: 2.7Kb)
Canada Newswire
13 Dec 2012
13, 2012 /CNW/ - Michael Nettleton, Chair of the Board of Directors at Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences (Ontario Shores) today announced that after eight years in the role of CEO of the organization, Glenna Raymond will be assuming the role of strategic advisor, and Deputy CEO Karim Mamdani has been appointed to the role of CEO, effective April 1, 2013 ... About Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences.....(size: 3.1Kb)
Canada Newswire
13 Dec 2012
13, 2012 /CNW/ - A new report from the Ontario Chamber of Commerce (OCC) makes the case that federal policies are a barrier to Ontario's economic growth. The OCC is calling on the federal government to play a more productive role in improving Ontario's economic competitiveness ... "But Ontario's economy is still recovering, and we need the federal government to continue to seek ways to drive economic growth in the province."....(size: 2.7Kb)
noodls
13 Dec 2012
Government of Ontario) 40,000 Children and Their Families Lifted Out of Poverty ... Ontario has helped 40,000 children and their families get out of poverty since 2008, despite a climate of global economic uncertainty. Ontario's Poverty Reduction Strategy 2012 Annual Report released today highlights progress made over the last four years in helping children and families emerge from poverty and raise their quality of life....(size: 4.0Kb)
Canada Newswire
13 Dec 2012
13, 2012 /CNW/ - Ontario's economy is set to advance at a moderate, unspectacular speed over the next two years, according to the latest issued today by RBC Economics Research. RBC forecasts real GDP growth in Ontario of 2.3 per cent in 2013 and 2.6 per cent in 2014 ... "External trade will increase its contribution to Ontario's economic expansion - although this is, of course, contingent on the U.S....(size: 3.2Kb)
TSN Canada
13 Dec 2012
Numbers Game examines the Angels' signing of Josh Hamilton ... OF Josh Hamilton. Hamilton, 31, was one of the most intriguing free agents in recent memory because not only is he a supremely gifted player, with rare power, but he also has a history of hard drug abuse and the long-term effects that could have on his health add an uncertainty to Hamilton's valuation....(size: 4.0Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
13 Dec 2012
Working back from a disappointing 2012 season, the Los Angeles Angels reached a contract agreement with free-agent outfielder Josh Hamilton on Thursday, according to industry sources ... Wilson and then falling to third place in the American League West, owner Arte Moreno and the Angels appeared to strike quickly on Hamilton, whose history of offensive production and personal issues made for a cloudy free agency....(size: 5.5Kb)
noodls
13 Dec 2012
Ottawa, Ontario, December 13, 2012 - Cheryl Gallant, MP for Renfrew-Nipissing-Pembroke, and Phil McNeely, MPP for Ottawa - Orleans, will be at the Cobden Agricultural Hall in Cobden, Ont., on Friday, Dec ... Cobden, Ontario ... Ottawa, Ontario ... Office of the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Ontario ... amber.anderson@ontario.ca....(size: 2.5Kb)
For Hamilton Township in Northumberland County, see Hamilton, Ontario (township).
| Hamilton | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
| City of Hamilton | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): Ambitious City,[1] Steeltown,[2] The Hammer[3] | |||
| Motto: Together Aspire - Together Achieve | |||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: 43°15′N 79°52′W / 43.25°N 79.867°W / 43.25; -79.867Coordinates: 43°15′N 79°52′W / 43.25°N 79.867°W / 43.25; -79.867 | |||
| Country |  Canada |
||
| Province |  Ontario |
||
| Incorporated | June 9, 1846[4] | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Bob Bratina | ||
| • City Council | Hamilton, Ontario City Council | ||
| • MPs | |||
| • MPPs |
List of MPPs
|
||
| Area[5] | |||
| • City | 1,138.11 km2 (439.43 sq mi) | ||
| • Land | 1,117.11 km2 (431.32 sq mi) | ||
| • Water | 21 km2 (8 sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 227.70 km2 (87.92 sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 1,371.76 km2 (529.64 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 324 m (1,063 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 75 m (246 ft) | ||
| Population (2011)[5][6] | |||
| • City | 519,949 (10th) | ||
| • Density | 465.4/km2 (1,205/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 721,053 (9th) | ||
| • Demonym | Hamiltonian | ||
| [7] | |||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| Postal code span | L8E to L8W, L9A to L9C, L9G to L9H, L9K | ||
| Area code(s) | 905, 289, 519 | ||
| Website | www.hamilton.ca | ||
Hamilton ( /ˈhæməltən/; 2011 population 519,949; UA population 670,580; CMA population 721,053) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812,[8] Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower-tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth with the upper-tier regional government.[9] Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians.[10] Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.
Hamilton is home to the shared Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the Bruce Trail, McMaster University and Mohawk College. The Canadian Football Hall of Fame can be found downtown right beside Hamilton City Hall and across town to the east, the Canadian Football League's Hamilton Tiger-Cats play at Ivor Wynne Stadium.
Partly because of its diverse environment, numerous TV and film productions have been filmed in Hamilton, regulated by the Hamilton Film and Television Office.[11] A growing arts and culture sector garnered media attention in a 2006 Globe and Mail news article, entitled "Go West, Young Artist," which focused on the growing art scene in Hamilton. The article highlighted local art galleries, recording studios and independent film production.[12]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Hamilton, Ontario
In pre-colonial times, the Neutral Indians used much of the land but were gradually driven out by the Five (later Six) Nations (Iroquois) who were allied with the British against the Huron and their French allies. A member of the Iroquois Confederacy provided the route and name for Mohawk Road, which originally included King street in the lower city. In 1784, about 10,000 United Empire Loyalists settled in Upper Canada (what is now southern Ontario), chiefly in Niagara, around the Bay of Quinte, and along the St. Lawrence River between Lake Ontario and Montreal. They were soon followed by many more Americans, some of them not so much ardent loyalists but attracted nonetheless by the availability of inexpensive, arable land. At the same time, large numbers of Iroquois loyal to Britain arrived from the United States and were settled on reserves west of Lake Ontario.[13]
The town of Hamilton was conceived by George Hamilton (a son of a Queenston entrepreneur and founder, Robert Hamilton), when he purchased farm holdings of James Durand, the local Member of the British Legislative Assembly, shortly after the War of 1812.[8] Nathaniel Hughson, a property owner to the north, cooperated with George Hamilton to prepare a proposal for a courthouse and jail on Hamilton's property. Hamilton offered the land to the crown for the future site. Durand was empowered by Hughson and Hamilton to sell property holdings which later became the site of the town. As he had been instructed, Durand circulated the offers at York during a session of the Legislative Assembly and a new Gore District was established of which the Hamilton town site was a member.[8]
Initially, this town was not the most important centre of the Gore District. A permanent jail was not constructed until 1832 when a cut-stone design was completed on one of the two squares created in 1816, Prince's Square.[8] Subsequently, the first police board and the town limits were defined by statute on February 13, 1833.[14] Official City status was achieved on June 9, 1846, by an act of Parliament, 9 Victoria Chapter 73.[4]
As the city grew, several prominent buildings were constructed in the late 19th century, including the Grand Lodge of Canada in 1855,[15] West Flamboro Methodist Church in 1879 (later purchased by Dufferin Masonic Lodge in 1893[16]), a public library in 1890, and the Right House department store in 1893. The first commercial telephone service in Canada, the first telephone exchange in the British Empire, and the second telephone exchange in all of North America all were established in the city between 1877–78.[17]
Though suffering through the Hamilton Street Railway strike of 1906, with industrial businesses expanding, Hamilton's population doubled between 1900 and 1914. Two steel manufacturing companies, Stelco and Dofasco, were formed in 1910 and 1912, respectively, and Procter & Gamble and the Beech-Nut Packing Company opened manufacturing plants in 1914 and 1922, respectively, their first outside the US.[18] Population and economic growth continued until the 1960s, with the 1929 construction of the city's first high-rise building, the Pigott Building, the move of McMaster University from Toronto to Hamilton, the opening of the second Canadian Tire store in Canada in 1934, an airport in 1940, a Studebaker assembly line in 1948,[19] the Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway in 1958, and the first Tim Hortons store in 1964. Since then, many of the large industries have moved or shut down operations[18] and the economy has shifted more toward the service sector, such as transportation, education, and health services.
On January 1, 2001, the new city of Hamilton was formed from the forced amalgamation of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth and its six municipalities: Ancaster, Dundas, Flamborough, Glanbrook, and Stoney Creek.[9] Before amalgamation, the "old" City of Hamilton had 331,121 Hamiltonians divided into 100 neighbourhoods. The new amalgamated city has 490,268 people in over 100 old neighbourhoods, and surrounding communities.[20]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton is located in Southern Ontario on the western end of the Niagara Peninsula and wraps around the westernmost part of Lake Ontario; most of the city, including the downtown section, is on the south shore. Hamilton is situated in the geographic centre of the Golden Horseshoe and is roughly the midway point between Toronto and Buffalo, New York, although slightly closer to the former. Its major physical features are Hamilton Harbour, marking the northern limit of the city, and the Niagara Escarpment running through the middle of the city across its entire breadth, bisecting the city into 'upper' and 'lower' parts. The maximum high point is 250m (820') above the level of Lake Ontario. [21]
According to all records from local historians, this district was called "Attiwandaronia" by the native Neutral people.[22] The first aboriginals to settle in the Hamilton area called the bay Macassa, meaning beautiful waters.[20] Hamilton is one of 11 cities showcased in the book, "Green City: People, Nature & Urban Places" by Quebec author Mary Soderstrom, which examines the city as an example of an industrial powerhouse co-existing with nature.[23] Soderstrom credits Thomas McQuesten and family in the 1930s who "became champions of parks, greenspace and roads" in Hamilton.[24]
Burlington Bay is a natural harbour with a large sandbar called the Beachstrip. This sandbar was deposited during a period of higher lake levels during the last ice age, and extends southeast through the central lower city to the escarpment. Hamilton's deep sea port is accessed by ship canal through the beach strip into the harbour and is traversed by two bridges, the QEW's Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway and the lower Canal Lift Bridge.[25]
Between 1788 and 1793, the townships at the Head-of-the-Lake were surveyed and named. The area was first known as The Head-of-the-Lake for its location at the western end of Lake Ontario.[17] John Ryckman, born in Barton township (where present day downtown Hamilton is), described the area in 1803 as he remembered it: "The city in 1803 was all forest. The shores of the bay were difficult to reach or see because they were hidden by a thick, almost impenetrable mass of trees and undergrowth...Bears ate pigs, so settlers warred on bears. Wolves gobbled sheep and geese, so they hunted and trapped wolves. They also held organized raids on rattlesnakes on the mountainside. There was plenty of game. Many a time have I seen (sic) a deer jump the fence into my back yard, and there were millions of pigeons which we clubbed as they flew low."[26]
George Hamilton, a settler and local politician, established a town site in the northern portion of Barton Township in 1815. He kept several east–west roads which were originally Indian trails, but the north–south streets were on a regular grid pattern. Streets were designated "East" or "West" if they crossed James Street or Highway 6. Streets were designated "North" or "South" if they crossed King Street or Highway 8.[27] The overall design of the townsite, likely conceived in 1816, was commonplace. George Hamilton employed a grid street pattern used in most towns in Upper Canada and throughout the American frontier. The eighty original lots had frontages of fifty feet; each lot faced a broad street and backed onto a twelve foot lane. It took at least a decade for all of the original lots to be sold, but the construction of the Burlington Canal in 1823, and a new court-house in 1827, encouraged Hamilton to add more blocks around 1828–9. At this time, he included a market square in an effort to draw commercial activity onto his lands, but the natural growth of the town was to the north of Hamilton's plot.[28]
The Hamilton Conservation Authority owns, leases or manages about 4,500 hectares (11,100 acres) of land with the City operating 1,077 hectares (2,661 acres) of parkland at 310 locations.[29][30] Many of the parks are located along the Niagara Escarpment, which runs from Tobermory at the tip of the Bruce Peninsula in the north, to Queenston at the Niagara River in the south, and provides views of the cities and towns at the western end of Lake Ontario. The hiking path Bruce Trail runs the length of the escarpment.[31] Hamilton is home to more than 100 waterfalls and cascades, most of which are on or near the Bruce Trail as it winds through the Niagara Escarpment.[32]
Climate[link]
Hamilton's climate is humid-continental, characterized by changeable weather patterns. However, its climate is moderate compared with most of Canada. Hamilton's location on an embayment at the southwestern corner of Lake Ontario with an escarpment dividing upper and lower parts of the city results in noticeable disparities in weather over short distances, this is also the case with pollution levels, which depending on localized winds patterns or low clouds can be high in certain areas mostly originating from the city's steel industry mixed with regional vehicle pollution. With a July average of exactly 22.0 °C (71.6 °F),[33] the lower city is located in a pocket of the Dfa climate zone found at the southwestern end of Lake Ontario (between Hamilton and Toronto and eastward into the Niagara Peninsula), while the upper reaches of the city fall into the Dfb climate zone.
The airport's open, rural location and higher altitude (240m vs. 85m ASL downtown) results in lower temperatures, generally windier conditions and higher snowfall amounts than lower, built-up areas of the city. One exception is on early spring afternoons, when colder than air lake temperatures keep shoreline areas significantly cooler, under the presence of an east or north-east onshore flow.
| Climate data for Hamilton RBG | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.5 (97.7) |
38.8 (101.8) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
38.8 (101.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5 (23.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
6.9 (44.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.6 (52.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−5 (23.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.3 (−18.9) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−2 (28.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
−28.3 (−18.9) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 59.5 (2.343) |
55.0 (2.165) |
75.7 (2.98) |
73.5 (2.894) |
81.8 (3.22) |
71.6 (2.819) |
74.9 (2.949) |
84.6 (3.331) |
84.9 (3.343) |
72.5 (2.854) |
81.5 (3.209) |
77.1 (3.035) |
892.6 (35.142) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 27.9 (1.098) |
26.6 (1.047) |
53.4 (2.102) |
68.6 (2.701) |
81.8 (3.22) |
71.6 (2.819) |
74.9 (2.949) |
84.6 (3.331) |
84.9 (3.343) |
72.4 (2.85) |
73.8 (2.906) |
48.0 (1.89) |
768.5 (30.256) |
| Snowfall cm (inches) | 35.0 (13.78) |
29.1 (11.46) |
20.0 (7.87) |
4.7 (1.85) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
7.2 (2.83) |
30.1 (11.85) |
126.1 (49.65) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 15.1 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 13.6 | 14.5 | 148.0 |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 5.5 | 4.7 | 8.9 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 7.8 | 117.8 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 11.1 | 9.0 | 5.1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 8.9 | 38.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 90.0 | 111.4 | 146.3 | 186.7 | 243.1 | 271.6 | 299.7 | 259.8 | 176.6 | 144.2 | 86.5 | 71.7 | 2,087.5 |
| Source: Environment Canada [33] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
According to the 2006 Canadian Census, more than 20 percent of the local population was not born in Canada. This is the third highest such proportion in Canada after Toronto at 49%, and Vancouver at 39%. Between 2001 and 2006, the foreign-born population increased by 7.7% while the total population of the Hamilton census metropolitan area (CMA) grew by 4.3%. The share of Canada's recent immigrants who settle in Hamilton has remained unchanged since 2001 at 1.9%. Hamilton was home to 20,800 immigrants who arrived in Canada between 2001 and 2006, half of whom were born in Asia and the Middle East, while nearly one-quarter (23%) were from Europe. Hamilton also had a high proportion of people with Italian, English, Scottish, German and Irish ancestry. Nearly three in ten residents reported English as their sole ethnic origin or as one of their ancestral origins. As well, nearly one in five reported Scottish ancestry either alone or in combination with another ethnic origin.[36]
Hamilton also has a large French community for which provincial services are offered in French. In Ontario, urban centres where there are at least 5000 Francophones or where at least 10% of the population is francophone are designated areas where bilingual provincial services have to be offered. There are francophones schools and churches, along with a cultural and community centre created by the Francophone community in 1971 : the Centre français Hamilton inc. (http://www.centrefrancais.ca). The Centre français Hamilton inc. organizes social and cultural activities to promote the use of the French language in Hamilton, and also helps francophone newcomers integrate into the community.
The top countries of birth for the newcomers living in Hamilton in the 1990s were: former Yugoslavia, Poland, India, China, the Philippines, and Iraq.[37] The city proper of Hamilton was home to 67,845 visible minorities in 2006, representing 13.6% of its population, up from 10.9% in 2001.[38] Visible minorities comprised 22.8% of Ontario's population, primarily due to high proportions in Toronto.[39] The population is 84.8% White, 3.0% South Asian/East Indian, 2.8% Black, 1.9% Chinese, 1.5% Aboriginal, 1.2% Southeast Asian, 1.1% Latin American, 1.1% Arab, 0.8% Filipino, and 1.8% Other.[40]
Children aged 14 years and under accounted for 17.8% of the population while those 65 years of age and older constituted 14.9%, resulting in an average age of 39.6 years.[38]
The most described religion in Hamilton is Christianity although other religions brought by immigrants are also growing. The 2001 census indicates that 77.6% of the population adheres to a Christian denomination, Protestants constituting 37.1% of the population, while Catholics number 35.5% (significantly lower than the national average) with Christ the King Cathedral as the seat of the Diocese of Hamilton. The remaining 5.0% consists of Orthodox and independent Christian churches. The largest non-Christian religion is Islam with 12,880 adherents or 2.0% of the total population. Other religions, including Judaism, Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism, constitute less than one percent each. Those with no religious affiliation accounted for 115,510 (17.6%) in 2001.[41]
Environics Analytics, a geodemographic marketing firm that created 66 different "clusters" of people complete with profiles of how they live, what they think and what they consume, sees a future Hamilton with younger upscale Hamiltonians—who are tech savvy and university educated—choosing to live in the downtown and surrounding areas rather than just visiting intermittently. More two and three storey townhouses and apartments will be built on downtown lots; small condos will be built on vacant spaces in areas such as Dundas and Westdale to accommodate newly retired seniors; and more retail and commercial zones will be created. The city is also expected to grow by more than 28,000 people and 18,000 households by the year 2012.[42]
|
- ^ Note that a person may report more than one ethnic origin.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Hamilton, Ontario
File:Hamilton steel mills.JPG
The Hamilton Steel Mills.
File:The Linc.jpg
The Red Hill Valley Parkway near the Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway interchange.
The most important economic activity in Ontario is manufacturing, and the Toronto–Hamilton region is the most highly industrialized section of the country. The area from Oshawa, Ontario around the west end of Lake Ontario to Niagara Falls, with Hamilton at its centre, is known as the Golden Horseshoe and has a population of approximately 8.1 million people.[44] The phrase was first used by Westinghouse President, Herbert H. Rogge, in a speech to the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce, on January 12, 1954. "Hamilton in 50 years will be the forward cleat in a golden horseshoe of industrial development from Oshawa to the Niagara River...150 miles long and 50 miles (80 km) wide...It will run from Niagara Falls on the south to about Oshawa on the north and take in numerous cities and towns already there, including Hamilton and Toronto."[45]
With sixty percent of Canada's steel being produced in Hamilton by Stelco and Dofasco, the city has become known as the Steel Capital of Canada.[46] After nearly declaring bankruptcy, Stelco returned to profitability in 2004[47] and on August 26, 2007 United States Steel Corporation acquired Stelco for C$38.50 in cash per share, owning more than 76 percent of Stelco's outstanding shares.[48] Dofasco, in 1999, was the most profitable steel producer in North America and in 2000, the most profitable in Canada. It currently has approximately 7,300 employees at its Hamilton plant and produces over four million tons of steel annually, representing about 30% of Canada's flat rolled sheet steel shipments. Dofasco is one of North America's most profitable steel companies, and Dofasco was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index in 2006 for the seventh year in a row. Dofasco produces steel products for the automotive, construction, energy, manufacturing, pipe and tube, appliance, packaging and steel distribution industries.[49] Dofasco is currently a stand alone subsidiary of Arcelor Mittal, the world's largest steel producer. Previously ordered by the U.S. Department of Justice to divest itself of the Canadian company, Arcelor Mittal has now been allowed to retain Dofasco provided it sells several of its American assets instead.[50]
Originally, in the 1940s, the John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport was used as a wartime air force training station. Today TradePort International Corporation manages and operates the John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport. Under TradePort management, passenger traffic at the Hamilton terminal has increased from 90,000 in 1996 to approximately 900,000 in 2002. The airport's mid-term target for growth in its passenger service is five million air travelers annually. The air cargo sector of the airport has 24-7 operational capability and strategic geographic location, allowing its capacity to increase by 50% since 1996; 91,000 metric tonnes (100,000 tons) of cargo passed through the airport in 2002. Courier companies with operations at the airport include United Parcel Service and Cargojet Canada.[51] In 2003, the city began developing a 30-year growth management strategy which called, in part, for a massive aerotropolis industrial park centred around Hamilton Airport. The aerotropolis proposal, now known as the Airport Employment Growth District, is touted as a solution to the city's shortage of employment lands.[52] Hamilton turned over operation of the airport to TradePort International Corp. in 1996. In 2007, YVR Airport Services (YVRAS), which runs the Vancouver International Airport, took over 100 per cent ownership of TradePort in a $13-million deal. The airport is also home to the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum.
A report by Hemson Consulting identified an opportunity to develop 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) of greenfields (the size of the Royal Botanical Gardens) that could generate an estimated 90,000 jobs by 2031. A proposed aerotropolis industrial park at Highway 6 and 403, has been debated at City Hall for years. Opponents feel the city needs to do more investigation about the cost to taxpayers before embarking on the project.[53]
Government[link]
Main article: Politics of Hamilton, Ontario
Main article: Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, 2010
Citizens of Hamilton are represented by three tiers of government. The federal representation consists of five members of parliament serving in the Parliament of Canada for the federal ridings of Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale, Hamilton Centre, Hamilton East—Stoney Creek, Hamilton Mountain, and Niagara West—Glanbrook. At the provincial tier, there are five elected members who serve in the Legislature of Ontario for the provincial ridings of Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale, Hamilton Centre, Hamilton East—Stoney Creek, Hamilton Mountain, and Niagara West—Glanbrook. The municipal tier consists of one mayor, elected city wide, and 15 city councillors, elected individually by each of the 15 ward divisions, to serve on the Hamilton City Council. Additionally, at the municipal tier, each ward elects a school board trustee for each of the school boards serving in their respective area.
Municipal elections in Hamilton occur every four years, the last one falling on October 25, 2010. The next election will occur on October 27, 2014.
The Hamilton City Council is granted authority to govern by the province through the Municipal Act of Ontario.[54] The Province of Ontario has supervisory privilege over the municipality and the power to redefine, restrict or expand the powers of all municipalities in Ontario. Further, the province provides oversight of Hamilton City Council through the Ontario Municipal Board.
The Criminal Code of Canada is the chief piece of legislation defining criminal conduct and penalty. The Hamilton Police Service is chiefly responsible for the enforcement of federal and provincial law. Although the Hamilton Police Service has authority to enforce, bylaws passed by the Hamilton City Council are mainly enforced by Provincial Offences Officers[55] employed by the City of Hamilton.
There is a strong military presence in Hamilton, with the John Weir Foote Armoury located in the downtown core on James Street North, housing the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry as well as the 11th Field Hamilton-Wentworth Battery and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada. The Hamilton Reserve Barracks, located on Pier Nine, houses the naval reserve division HMCS Star, 23 Service Battalion and the 23 Field Ambulance.
Education[link]
Hamilton is home to several post-secondary institutions that have created numerous direct and indirect jobs in education and research. McMaster University moved to the city in 1930 and today has over 22,000 enrolled students, of whom almost two-thirds come from outside the immediate Hamilton region.[56][57] Brock University of St. Catharines, Ontario has a satellite campus used primarily for teacher education located in Hamilton.[58] Colleges in Hamilton include:
- McMaster Divinity College, a Christian seminary affiliated with the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec since 1957. McMaster Divinity College is located on the McMaster University campus, and is affiliated with the University. The Divinity College was created as part of the process of passing governance of the University as a whole from the BCOQ to a privately chartered, publicly funded arrangement.
- Mohawk College, a college of applied arts and technology since 1967 with 10,000 full time, 40,000 part time, and 3,000 apprentice students.[59]
- Columbia International College is Canada's largest private boarding high school, with over 1,700 students from over 70 countries.[60]
- Redeemer University College, a private Christian liberal arts and science university opened in 1982, with about 800 students currently.[61]
Public education for students from kindergarten through high school is administered by three school boards. The Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board manages 114 public schools,[62] while the Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board operates 55 schools in the greater Hamilton area.[63] The Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest operates one elementary and one secondary school (École secondaire Georges-P.-Vanier), and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud operates two elementary schools and one secondary school. Calvin Christian School and Timothy Christian are private Christian elementary schools. Hamilton District Christian High School (HDCH), Rehoboth Christian High School and Guido de Bres Christian High School are private Christian high schools in the area. Hillfield Strathallan College is located on the West Hamilton mountain and is a CAIS member, non-profit school for children from early Montessori ages through grade twelve.
The Dundas Valley School of Art is an independent art school which has serviced the Hamilton region since 1964. Students range in age from 4 years old to senior citizens and enrollment as of February 2007 was close to 4,000. In 1998, a new full time diploma programme was launched as a joint venture with McMaster University. The faculty and staff are highly regarded regional artists.[64]
The Hamilton Conservatory for the Arts is home to many of the area's talented young actors, dancers, musicians, singers and visual artists. The school is equipped with a keyboard studio, spacious dance studios, art and sculpting studios, gallery space and a 300 seat recital hall. HCA offers over 90 programs for ages 3–93, creating a "united nations" of arts under one roof.[65]
The Hamilton Literacy Council is a non-profit organization that provides basic (grade 1 - 5 equivalent) training in reading, writing, and math to English-speaking adults. The council's service is free, private, and one-to-one. It started to assist adults with their literacy skills in 1973.
Hamilton is home to two think tanks, the Centre for Cultural Renewal and Cardus, which deals with social architecture, culture, urbanology, economics and education and also publishes the LexView Policy Journal and Comment Magazine.[66]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Hamilton, Ontario
See also: Media in Hamilton, Ontario and People from Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton has built on its historical and social background with attractions including the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the HMCS Haida National Historic Site (Canada's most famous warship and the last remaining Tribal Class in the world),[67] Dundurn Castle (the residence of a Prime Minister of Upper Canada),[68] the Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Football Hall of Fame, the African Lion Safari Park, the Cathedral of Christ the King, and the Workers' Arts and Heritage Centre.[69]
Founded in 1914, the Art Gallery of Hamilton is Ontario's third largest public art gallery. The gallery has over 9,000 works in its permanent collection that focus on three areas: 19th century European, Historical Canadian and Contemporary Canadian.[70]
The McMaster Museum of Art (MMA), founded at McMaster University in 1967, houses and exhibits the University’s art collection of more than 7,000 objects[71], including historical, modern and contemporary art, the Levy Collection of Impressionist and Post Impressionist paintings, and a collection of over 300 German Expressionist prints.
Hamilton has quite an active theatre scene, with the professional company Theatre Aquarius, plus long-time amateur companies, the Players' Guild of Hamilton and Hamilton Theatre Inc.. Many smaller theatre companies have also opened in the past decade, bringing a variety of theatre to the area.
Growth in the arts and culture sector has garnered high level media attention for Hamilton. A Globe and Mail article in 2006, entitled "Go West, Young Artist," focused on the growing art scene in Hamilton.[12] The Factory: Hamilton Media Arts Centre,[72] opened up a new home on James Street North in 2006. Art galleries are springing up on many streets across the City: James Street, Locke Street and King Street, to name a few. This, coupled with growth in the downtown condo market which is drawing people back to the core, is having an impact on the cultural fabric of the city. The opening of the Downtown Arts Centre[73] on Rebecca Street has spurred further creative activities in the core. The Community Centre for Media Arts[74] (CCMA) continues to operate in downtown Hamilton. The CCMA works with marginalized populations and combines new media services such as website development, graphic design, video, and information technology, with arts education and skills development programming.[75]
The 2009 film Defendor, starring Woody Harrelson as a vigilante superhero, is implied to take place in Hamilton, referred to by its nickname of "Hammer Town" several times throughout the film. It was filmed in Hamilton and Toronto.
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Hamilton, Ontario
| Club | League | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamilton Tiger-Cats | Canadian Football League | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 1950[76] | 15 |
| Hamilton Bulldogs | American Hockey League | Copps Coliseum | 1996 | 1 |
| Club | League | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamilton Avalanche | W-League of the United Soccer Leagues | Brian Timmis Stadium | 2006 | 0 |
| Hamilton Croatia | Canadian Soccer League | Brian Timmis Stadium | 1957 | 1 |
| Hamilton FC Rage | Premier Development League | Brian Timmis Stadium | 2010 | 0 |
| Hamilton Red Wings | Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey | Dave Andreychuk Mountain Arena | 1973 | 1 |
| Hamilton Hornets R.F.C. | Niagara Rugby Union | Mohawk Sports Park | 1954 | 0 |
| Hamilton Wildcats | Australian Rules Football League | Mohawk Sports Park | 1997 | 0 |
| Hamilton Thunderbirds | Inter County Baseball League | Bernie Arbour Memorial Stadium | 2005 | 0 |
Hamilton was the host of Canada's first major international athletic event, the first Commonwealth Games (then called the British Empire Games) in 1930. Hamilton bid unsuccessfully for the Commonwealth Games in 2010, losing out to New Delhi in India.[77] On November 7, 2009, in Guadalajara, Mexico it was announced that Toronto will host the 2015 Pan Am Games after beating out two rival South American cities, Lima, Peru and Bogota, Colombia. The city of Hamilton will be co-hosting the Games with Toronto. Hamilton Mayor Fred Eisenberger said "the Pan Am Games will provide a 'unique opportunity for Hamilton to renew major sport facilities giving Hamiltonians a multi-purpose stadium, a 50 metre swimming pool, and an international-calibre velodrome to enjoy for generations to come.'"[78]
The Around the Bay Road Race circumnavigates Hamilton Harbour or Burlington Bay. Although it is not a marathon distance, it is the longest continuously held long distance foot race in North America.[2] The local newspaper also hosts the amateur Spectator Indoor Games.[2]
Hamilton has representation in two professional sports leagues, the Canadian Football League and the American Hockey League. Its major sports complexes include Ivor Wynne Stadium and Copps Coliseum; Hamilton is also home to the Canadian Football Hall of Fame museum.[79] The museum hosts an annual induction event in a week long celebration that includes school visits, a golf tournament, a formal induction dinner and concludes with the Hall of Fame game involving the local CFL Hamilton Tiger-Cats at Ivor Wynne Stadium.[80][81]
In addition to team sports, Hamilton is also home to an auto race track, Flamboro Speedway and Canada's fastest half-mile harness horse racing track, Flamboro Downs.[82] Another auto race track, Cayuga International Speedway, is located near Hamilton in the Haldimand County community of Nelles Corners, situated between Hagersville and Cayuga.[83]
Hamilton hosted an NHL team in the 1920s called the Hamilton Tigers. The team folded after a players' strike in 1925.[84] Research in Motion CEO Jim Balsillie has shown interest in bringing another NHL team to southern Ontario. The NHL's Phoenix Coyotes filed for bankruptcy in 2009 and have included within their Chapter 11 reorganization a plan to sell the team to Balsillie and move the team and its operations to Hamilton, Ontario.[85] In late September, however, the bankruptcy judge did not rule in favor of Balsillie. The City plans to continue their fight for an NHL team.
Notable people[link]
Main article: List of people from Hamilton, Ontario
- Eugene Levy, CM - Actor, comedian, television director, producer, musician, and writer.
- Karen Kain, CC - Retired ballet dancer, and currently the Artistic Director of the National Ballet of Canada.
- Martin Short, CM - Actor, comedian, writer, singer and producer.
- Neil Peart, OC - Musician and author. He is the drummer for the rock band Rush.
- Toller Cranston, CM - Figure skater and painter.
- Jonathan Frid, TV and stage actor - played the role of Barnabas Collins in the 1960's gothic soap opera Dark Shadows.
- Kathleen Robertson, TV and film actress, writer & producer - played the role of Clare Arnold in the original '90s Beverly Hills 90210
- Barbara Amiel, British-Canadian journalist, writer and socialite. Wife of former media baron and convicted felon Conrad Black.
Sister cities[link]
Hamilton is a sister city with Flint, Michigan, and its young amateur athletes compete in the Canusa Games, held alternatively in the two cities since 1958.[77] Flint and Hamilton hold the distinction of having the oldest continuous sister-city relationship between a U.S. and Canadian city, since 1957.[86]
Other sister cities with Hamilton include:[87]
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Other city relationships:[87]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Bailey, Thomas Melville (1991). Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol II, 1876-1924). W.L. Griffin Ltd.
- ^ a b c "Tigertown Triumphs" (Press release). The Hamilton Spectator - Memory Project (Souvenir Edition) page MP56-MP68. 2006-06-10.
- ^ "Don't put The Hammer down; Hamilton's had lots of nicknames, but this one's like the city -- no pretence," Paul Wilson, Hamilton Spectator, December 6, 2006, p. G2.
- ^ a b Provincial Statutes of Canada 1846 9° vict. pg 981 Chapter LXXIII. An Act to amend the Act incorporating the Town of Hamilton, and to erect the same into a City.
- ^ a b "Community Highlights for Hamilton (City)". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3525005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Stats Canada 2006 Canadian Census: Hamilton, Ontario". Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3525005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3525005&Geo2=CD&Code2=3525&Data=Count&SearchText=hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1
- ^ a b c d Weaver, John C. (1985). Hamilton: an illustrated history. James Lorimer & Company, Publishers. pp. 15–16. ISBN 0-88862-593-6 cloth.
- ^ a b "City of Hamilton Act, 1999". http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_99c14c_e.htm#BK6. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Houghton, Margaret (2003). The Hamiltonians, 100 Fascinating Lives. James Lorimer & Company Ltd., Publishers Toronto. p. 6. ISBN 1-55028-804-0.
- ^ "Reel Choices: Film production resource guide" (PDF). City of Hamilton. http://www.myhamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/28A1218B-C9A4-4941-A57D-3E69C261C14F/0/FilmGuideLines.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ a b Mowat, Bruce (January 6, 2007). "Go west, young artist". Globe and Mail.
- ^ Mackenzie, Ann. "A Short History of the United Empire Loyalists" (PDF). United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada. http://www.uelac.org/PDF/loyalist.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Statutes of Upper Canada, 1833 3° William IV pg. 58-68. Chapter XVII An act to define the Limits of the Town of Hamilton, in the District of Gore, and to establish a Police and Public Market therein.
- ^ "A Brief History of Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario:1855 ~ 2005 Then and Now". Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario. http://www.grandlodge.on.ca/. Retrieved 2008-01-04. (Requires navigation to article).
- ^ "Dufferin Masonic Lodge No. 291 A.F. & A.M.". http://www.dufferinlodge.com/lodge.php. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- ^ a b "Chronology of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth". http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/cultural_landmarks/twps.html. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ a b "Industrial Hamilton — A Trail to the Future". Canada's Digital Collections. http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/industrial/default.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
- ^ "The Hamilton Memory Project; STUDEBAKER" (Press release). The Hamilton Spectator–Souvenir Edition. June 10, 2006. p. MP45.
- ^ a b Manson, Bill (2003). Footsteps In Time: Exploring Hamilton's heritage neighbourhoods. North Shore Publishing Inc. ISBN 1-896899-22-6.
- ^ Seward, Carrie. "About Hamilton; Physical features". http://www.ueyhamilton.ca/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Watson, Milton (1938). Saga of a City. The Hamilton Spectator.
- ^ Soderstrom, Mary (2006). Green City: People, Nature & Urban Places. Independent Pub Group. ISBN 1-55065-207-9.
- ^ Lawson, B. (2007-01-26). "Green City". The Hamilton Spectator. p. Go-7.
- ^ "Burlington Bay/ Beach strip, Hamilton harbour, Skyway Bridge". http://beachvideo.info/. Retrieved 2008-01-04. (Requires navigation to relevant articles.)
- ^ "A History of the city of Hamilton". http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/cultural_landmarks/hamhist.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ a b Bailey, Thomas Melville (1981). Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol I, 1791-1875). W.L. Griffin Ltd.
- ^ Weaver, John C.. "Dictionary of Canadian Biography: George Hamilton". University of Toronto. http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=37546. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Hamilton Conservation Authority. "HCH History: A Long History...". Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20070607221331/http://www.conservationhamilton.ca/corporate/aboutus/history.asp. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ City of Hamilton. "Hamilton Conservation Authority: City Parks". myhamilton.ca. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20070926234254/http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/ArtsSportsAndRecreation/outdoor/city_parks.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Bruce Trail Association". http://www.brucetrail.org/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Hamilton Conservation Authority
- ^ a b "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000" (in English and French). Environment Canada. http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4937&lang=e&dCode=1&province=ONT&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "The Hamilton Memory Project" (Press release). The Hamilton Spectator- Souvenir Edition. Saturday June 10, 2006. p. MP38.
- ^ Township of Barton. "Barton township population: 1816". Hamilton Public Library. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20070926234008/http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/LibraryServices/Localhistory/Barton+Census+1816.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Hamilton: Third highest proportion of foreign-born in Canada at 24.4%". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/analysis/immcit/hamilton.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Hamilton: The top countries of birth for the newcomers arriving in Hamilton in the 1990s". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/etoimm/subprovs.cfm#hamilton. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ a b 2006 Community Profiles - Census Subdivision
- ^ statcan.ca
- ^ 2006 Community Profiles - Census Subdivision
- ^ "Community Highlights for Hamilton (Census Metropolitan Area)". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=537__&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Hamilton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Population&Custom=. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Choi, Paul (2007-01-19). "How does your city grow?". The Hamilton Spectator. pp. Go-16.
- ^ StatCan06
- ^ "Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006: Subprovincial population dynamics, Greater Golden Horseshoe". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. 2007-03-13. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/analysis/popdwell/subprov4.cfm#ggh. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Fast Facts from Hamilton's Past (www.myhamilton.ca)". Hamilton Public Library. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929083215/http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/LibraryServices/Localhistory/Fast+Facts.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Schneider, Joe (2006-01-24). "Hamilton Steel capital of Canada". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/01/23/business/bxsteel.php. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Wines, Leslie (2004-12-24). "Stelco has returned to profitability". CBS Market Watch. http://www.marketwatch.com/News/Story/Story.aspx?guid={F484DECA-6A84-4D0C-9D6F-255CF1F2AE27}&dist=ArchiveSplash¶m=archive&siteid=mktw&garden=&minisite=. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "U. S. Steel Agrees to Acquire Stelco.". Stelco.com. http://www.stelco.com/investorCentre_article.aspx?releaseId=1044891. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Forstner, Gordon (2005-10-31). "Dofasco one of North America's most profitable steel companies". Dofasco. http://www.dofasco.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=2347-2349-93261. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Hamilton Spectator News Wire (2006-12-14). "Dofasco deadline looms". Hamilton Spectator. http://www.hamiltonspectator.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=hamilton/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1166050213293&call_pageid=1020420665036&col=1112101662835. Retrieved 2008-09-28. [dead link]
- ^ "2009 Annual Report". John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport. http://www.flyhi.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/hamilton_international_airport_2009_annual_report.pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
- ^ McNulty, Gord (2007-12-18). "Energy City". The Hamilton Spectator.
- ^ McacIntyre, Nicole (2007-04-16). "Airport land 'key to future'". The Hamilton Spectator.
- ^ "Municipal Act, 2001 (Requires navigation to article)". Ontario. Archived from the original on June 21, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070621231757/http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/01m25_e.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Provincial Offences Act (Requires navigation to article)". Ontario. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20070704233807/http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90p33_e.htm#1.(3). Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "McMaster's Economic Impact on the Hamilton Community". McMaster University. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20071016194015/http://mcmaster.ca/pres/chambercomm.html. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "McMaster University Office of Public Relations". http://www.mcmaster.ca/opr/html/opr/fast_facts/main/studentEnrolment.html. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
- ^ "Brock University: Official web site". http://www.brocku.ca. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Mohawk College of Applied Arts & Technology". Archived from the original on 2006-05-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20060516145009/http://www.mohawkcollege.ca/homepage.html. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Columbia International College: At a glance". http://www.cic-totalcare.com/2/english/about.html. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "About Redeemer". http://www.redeemer.ca/about/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ http://www.hwdsb.on.ca/schools/
- ^ http://www.hwcdsb.ca/parents/schoolfinder/
- ^ "Dundas Valley School of Art". http://www.dvsa.ca/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Hamilton Conservatory for the Arts". http://www.hcarts.ca/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ [www.cardus.ca]
- ^ "Parks Canada HMCS Haida website". http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/on/haida/index_e.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Dundurn Castle". http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/CityandGovernment/CultureandRecreation/Arts_Culture_And_Museums/HamiltonCivicMuseums/Dundurn/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ [1] Workers Arts and Heritage Centre Website
- ^ "Art Gallery of Hamilton". http://www.artgalleryofhamilton.com. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ "McMaster University Fact Book 2009-2010". International Research & Analysis, McMaster University. November 2010. http://www.mcmaster.ca/avpira/documents/factbook/FactBook20092010.pdf. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
- ^ "The Factory: Hamilton Media Arts Centre". http://www.hamiltonmediaarts.org/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Downtown Arts Centre, Hamilton, Ontario". http://www.dachamilton.com/index.html. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Community Centre for Media Arts". Archived from the original on 2007-12-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20071212233519/http://www.ccma.ws/site/. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2005, Wednesday, June 28, 2006, "City Remains Committed To Growing Arts & Culture" Page H20
- ^ The Tiger-Cats trace their origins to the founding of the Hamilton Foot Ball Club in 1869. See "Canadian Football Timelines (1860 – present)". Football Canada. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080329005545/http://www.footballcanada.com/history_timeline.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ a b "Tigertown Triumphs" (Press release). The Hamilton Spectator-Memory Project (Souvenir Edition). 2006-06-10. p. MP56.
- ^ "Toronto, Hamilton win Pan Am Games bid.". http://thespec.com/article/667961. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "Canadian Football Hall of Fame & Museum". http://www.cfhof.ca/. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
- ^ "Five more walk into Canadian Football's hallowed shrine". Hamilton Scores!. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071015201959/http://www.hamiltonscores.com/football/news/?article=092922426. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Ivor Wynne Stadium Information". http://football.ballparks.com/CFL/Hamilton/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Flamboro Downs". Official web site. Archived from the original on 2007-12-31. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231155607/http://www.flamborodowns.com/about_us.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "New owners give Cayuga International Speedway its old name". Hamilton Scores!. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071015201937/http://www.hamiltonscores.com/autoracing/news/?article=061508168. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Wesley, Sam (2005). Hamilton's Hockey Tigers. James Lorimer & Company Ltd..
- ^ "Report: Hamilton in Talks with Balsillie". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=4154780. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
- ^ "About Sister Cities of Flint Michigan". Archived from the original on October 19, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071019150808/http://www.visitflint.org/sistercities/About_Sister_Cities_of_Flint.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ a b "Hamilton Ontario Sister Cities". Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070926234112/http://www.myhamilton.ca/myhamilton/CommunitiesAndOrganizations/communitiesofhamilton/sistercities. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Sarasota Sister Cities". http://www.sarasotasistercities.org/Hamilton.html. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
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This article is about the Canadian province. For other uses, see Ontario (disambiguation).
| Ontario |
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| Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin) ("Loyal she began, thus she remains") |
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| Capital | Toronto | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Largest city | Toronto | ||||
| Largest metro | Greater Toronto Area | ||||
| Official languages | English (de facto) | ||||
| Demonym | Ontarian | ||||
| Government | |||||
| Type | Constitutional monarchy | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | David Onley | ||||
| Premier | Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) | ||||
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Ontario | ||||
| Federal representation | In Canadian parliament | ||||
| House seats | 106 of 308 (34.4%) | ||||
| Senate seats | 24 of 105 (22.9%) | ||||
| Confederation | July 1, 1867 (1st, with QC, NS, NB) | ||||
| Area [1] | Ranked 4th | ||||
| Total | 1,076,395 km2 (415,598 sq mi) | ||||
| Land | 917,741 km2 (354,342 sq mi) | ||||
| Water (%) | 158,654 km2 (61,257 sq mi) (14.7%) | ||||
| Proportion of Canada | 10.8% of 9,984,670 km2 | ||||
| Population | Ranked 1st | ||||
| Total (2011) | 12,851,821 [2] | ||||
| Density (2011) | 14 /km2 (36 /sq mi) | ||||
| GDP | Ranked 1st | ||||
| Total (2009) | C$614 billion[3] | ||||
| Per capita | C$43,847 (6th) | ||||
| Abbreviations | |||||
| Postal | ON | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CA-ON | ||||
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 (most of province) Eastern: UTC-5 (No DST) (Atikokan) Central: UTC-6/-5 (Most of NW Ontario) |
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| Postal code prefix | K L M N P | ||||
| Flower | White Trillium | ||||
| Tree | Eastern White Pine | ||||
| Bird | Great Northern Loon | ||||
| Website | www.ontario.ca | ||||
| Rankings include all provinces and territories | |||||
Ontario /ɒnˈtɛərioʊ/ is one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada.[4][5] It is Canada's most populous province or territory[6] and fourth largest in total area.[1] It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto,[7] and the nation's capital, Ottawa.
Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay to the north, Quebec to the east, and to the south by the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan (portions to the west), New York (portions to the east), Ohio and Pennsylvania. All but a small part of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,677 mi) border with the United States follow inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Mary's River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario.
Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontario's population and its arable land is located in the south. In contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated.
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Etymology[link]
The province is named after Lake Ontario, which is thought to have been derived from Ontarí:io, a Huron (Wyandot) word meaning "great lake",[8] or possibly skanadario which means "beautiful water" in the Iroquoian languages.[9] Ontario contains about 250,000 freshwater lakes.
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Ontario
See also: Census divisions of Ontario and Geography of Canada
The province consists of three main geographical regions:
- The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario; though this area mostly does not support agriculture it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes and rivers. Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions: Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario.
- The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the extreme north and northeast, mainly swampy and sparsely forested.
- Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions; Central Ontario (although not actually the province's geographic centre), Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe and Southwestern Ontario (parts of which were formerly referred to as Western Ontario).
Despite the absence of any mountainous terrain in the province, there are large areas of uplands, particularly within the Canadian Shield which traverses the province from northwest to southeast and also above the Niagara Escarpment which crosses the south. The highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres (2,274 ft) above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m (1,640.42 ft) are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands and in hilltops near the Madawaska River in Renfrew County.
The Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. The temperate and fertile Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence Valley in the south is part of the Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests ecoregion where the forest has now been largely replaced by agriculture, industrial and urban development. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment. The Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87% of the surface area of the province; conversely Southern Ontario contains 94% of the population.
Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario (near Windsor and Detroit, Michigan) that is the southernmost extent of Canada's mainland. Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the northern border of California.
Climate[link]
Ontario has three main climatic regions. Parts of Southwestern Ontario have a moderate humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa), similar to that of the inland Mid-Atlantic States and the Great Lakes portion of the Midwestern United States. The region has warm, humid summers and cold winters. Annual precipitation ranges from 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) and is well distributed throughout the year with a usual summer peak. Most of this region lies in the lee of the Great Lakes making for abundant snow in some areas. In December 2010, the snowbelt between London and Lucan set a new record when it was hit by more than a metre of snow within 48 hours.[10] Under the Köppen climate parameters, Point Pelee and Middle Island, the southernmost parts of Canada located close to the lake boundary with Ohio, are at the dividing line of a humid continental climate and a humid subtropical climate (Dfa/Cfa).
Central and Eastern Ontario have a more severe humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). This region has warm and sometimes hot summers with colder, longer winters, ample snowfall and annual precipitation similar to the rest of Southern Ontario. Along the eastern shores of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, frequent heavy lake-effect snow squalls increase seasonal snowfall totals upwards of 3 m (9.8 ft) in some places.
The northernmost parts of Ontario — primarily north of 50°N — have a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with long, severely cold winters and short, cool to warm summers with dramatic temperature changes possible in all seasons. With no major mountain ranges blocking sinking Arctic air masses, temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F) are not uncommon, snowfall remains on the ground for sometimes over half the year. Precipitation is generally less than 70 cm (28 in).
Severe thunderstorms peak in summer. London, situated in Southern (Southwestern) Ontario, has the most lightning strikes per year in Canada, averaging 34 days of thunderstorm activity per year. In a typical year, Ontario averages 15 confirmed tornado touchdowns, where more are reported in the Windsor-Essex - Chatham Kent area, though many are seldom destructive (the majority between F0 to F2 on the Fujita scale) and only few are stronger and very destructive. Tropical depression remnants occasionally bring heavy rains and winds in the south, but are rarely deadly. A notable exception was Hurricane Hazel which struck Southern Ontario, in October 1954.
History[link]
See also: History of Ontario and Timeline of Ontario history
Territorial evolution[link]
Land was not legally subdivided into administrative units until a treaty had been concluded with the native peoples ceding the land. In 1788, while part of the Province of Quebec (1763–1791), southern Ontario was divided into four districts: Hesse, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, and Nassau.
In 1792, the four districts were renamed: Hesse became the Western District, Lunenburg became the Eastern District, Mecklenburg became the Midland District, and Nassau became the Home District. Counties were created within the districts.
By 1798, there were eight districts: Eastern, Home, Johnstown, London, Midland, Newcastle, Niagara, and Western.
By 1826, there were eleven districts: Bathurst, Eastern, Gore, Home, Johnstown, London, Midland, Newcastle, Niagara, Ottawa, and Western.
By 1838, there were twenty districts: Bathurst, Brock, Colbourne, Dalhousie, Eastern, Gore, Home, Huron, Johnstown, London, Midland, Newcastle, Niagara, Ottawa, Prince Edward, Simcoe, Talbot, Victoria, Wellington, and Western.
In 1849, the districts of southern Ontario were abolished by the Province of Canada, and county governments took over certain municipal responsibilities. The Province of Canada also began creating districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with the establishment of Algoma District and Nipissing District in 1858.
The borders of Ontario, its new name in 1867, were provisionally expanded north and west. When the Province of Canada was formed, its borders were not entirely clear, and Ontario claimed to eventually reach all the way to the Rocky Mountains and Arctic Ocean. With Canada's acquisition of Rupert's Land, Ontario was interested in clearly defining its borders, especially since some of the new areas it was interested in were rapidly growing. After the federal government asked Ontario to pay for construction in the new disputed area, the province asked for an elaboration on its limits, and its boundary was moved north to the 51st parallel north.[11]
The northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after Confederation. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. By 1899, there were seven northern districts: Algoma, Manitoulin, Muskoka, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay. Four more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1912: Cochrane, Kenora, Sudbury and Timiskaming.[12]
European contact[link]
Before the arrival of the Europeans, the region was inhabited both by Algonquian (Ojibwa, Cree and Algonquin) in the northern/western portions and Iroquois and Wyandot (Huron) tribes more in the south/east.[13] During the 17th century, the Algonquians and Hurons fought a bitter war against the Iroquois.[14] The French explorer Étienne Brûlé explored part of the area in 1610-12.[15] The English explorer Henry Hudson sailed into Hudson Bay in 1611 and claimed the area for England.
Samuel de Champlain reached Lake Huron in 1615, and French missionaries began to establish posts along the Great Lakes. French settlement was hampered by their hostilities with the Iroquois, who allied themselves with the British.[16] From 1634 to 1640, Hurons were devastated by European infectious diseases, such as measles and smallpox, to which they had no immunity.[17]
The British established trading posts on Hudson Bay in the late 17th century and began a struggle for domination of Ontario. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War by awarding nearly all of France's North American possessions (New France) to Britain.[18] The region was annexed to Quebec in 1774.[19] From 1783 to 1796, the Kingdom of Great Britain granted United Empire Loyalists leaving the United States following the American Revolution 200 acres (81 ha) of land and other items with which to rebuild their lives.[16]
This measure substantially increased the population of Canada west of the St. Lawrence-Ottawa River confluence during this period, a fact recognized by the Constitutional Act of 1791, which split Quebec into the Canadas: Upper Canada southwest of the St. Lawrence-Ottawa River confluence, and Lower Canada east of it. John Graves Simcoe was appointed Upper Canada's first Lieutenant-Governor in 1793.[20]
Upper Canada[link]
Main article: Upper Canada
American troops in the War of 1812 invaded Upper Canada across the Niagara River and the Detroit River, but were defeated and pushed back by British regulars, Canadian fencibles and militias, and First Nations warriors. The Americans gained control of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, however. During the Battle of York they occupied the Town of York (later named Toronto) in 1813. The Americans looted the town and burned the Parliament Buildings but were soon forced to leave.
After the War of 1812, relative stability allowed for increasing numbers of immigrants to arrive from Europe rather than from the United States. As was the case in the previous decades, this deliberate immigration shift was encouraged by the colonial leaders. Despite affordable and often free land, many arriving newcomers, mostly from Britain and Ireland, found frontier life with the harsh climate difficult, and some of those with the means eventually returned home or went south. However, population growth far exceeded emigration in the decades that followed. It was a mostly agrarian-based society, but canal projects and a new network of plank roads spurred greater trade within the colony and with the United States, thereby improving previously damaged relations over time.
Meanwhile, Ontario's numerous waterways aided travel and transportation into the interior and supplied water power for development. As the population increased, so did the industries and transportation networks, which in turn led to further development. By the end of the century, Ontario vied with Quebec as the nation's leader in terms of growth in population, industry, arts and communications.[21]
Many in the colony however, began to chafe against the aristocratic Family Compact who governed while benefiting economically from the region's resources, and who did not allow elected bodies the power to effect change (much as the Château Clique ruled Lower Canada). This resentment spurred republican ideals and sowed the seeds for early Canadian nationalism. Accordingly, rebellion in favour of responsible government rose in both regions; Louis-Joseph Papineau led the Lower Canada Rebellion and William Lyon Mackenzie led the Upper Canada Rebellion.
Canada West[link]
Although both rebellions were put down in short order, the British government sent Lord Durham to investigate the causes of the unrest. He recommended that self-government be granted and that Lower and Upper Canada be re-joined in an attempt to assimilate the French Canadians. Accordingly, the two colonies were merged into the Province of Canada by the Act of Union 1840, with the capital at Kingston, and Upper Canada becoming known as Canada West. Parliamentary self-government was granted in 1848. There were heavy waves of immigration in the 1840s, and the population of Canada West more than doubled by 1851 over the previous decade. As a result, for the first time the English-speaking population of Canada West surpassed the French-speaking population of Canada East, tilting the representative balance of power.
An economic boom in the 1850s coincided with railway expansion across the province, further increasing the economic strength of Central Canada. With the repeal of the Corn Laws and a reciprocity agreement in place with United States, various industries such as timber, mining, farming and alcohol distilling benefited tremendously.
A political stalemate between the French- and English-speaking legislators, as well as fear of aggression from the United States during and immediately after the American Civil War, led the political elite to hold a series of conferences in the 1860s to effect a broader federal union of all British North American colonies. The British North America Act took effect on July 1, 1867, establishing the Dominion of Canada, initially with four provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario. The Province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec so that each linguistic group would have its own province. Both Quebec and Ontario were required by section 93 of the British North America Act to safeguard existing educational rights and privileges of Protestant and the Catholic minority. Thus, separate Catholic schools and school boards were permitted in Ontario. However, neither province had a constitutional requirement to protect its French- or English-speaking minority. Toronto was formally established as Ontario's provincial capital.
Provincehood[link]
Once constituted as a province, Ontario proceeded to assert its economic and legislative power. In 1872, the lawyer Oliver Mowat became Premier of Ontario and remained as premier until 1896. He fought for provincial rights, weakening the power of the federal government in provincial matters, usually through well-argued appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. His battles with the federal government greatly decentralized Canada, giving the provinces far more power than John A. Macdonald had intended. He consolidated and expanded Ontario's educational and provincial institutions, created districts in Northern Ontario, and fought to ensure that those parts of Northwestern Ontario not historically part of Upper Canada (the vast areas north and west of the Lake Superior-Hudson Bay watershed, known as the District of Keewatin) would become part of Ontario, a victory embodied in the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889. He also presided over the emergence of the province into the economic powerhouse of Canada. Mowat was the creator of what is often called Empire Ontario.
Beginning with Sir John A. Macdonald's National Policy (1879) and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (1875–1885) through Northern Ontario and the Canadian Prairies to British Columbia, Ontario manufacturing and industry flourished. However, population increase slowed after a large recession hit the province in 1893, thus slowing growth drastically but only for a few short years. Many newly arrived immigrants and others moved west along the railway to the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia, sparsely settling Northern Ontario.
Mineral exploitation accelerated in the late 19th century, leading to the rise of important mining centres in the northeast like Sudbury, Cobalt and Timmins. The province harnessed its water power to generate hydro-electric power and created the state-controlled Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, later Ontario Hydro. The availability of cheap electric power further facilitated the development of industry. The Ford Motor Company of Canada was established in 1904. General Motors Canada was formed in 1918. The motor vehicle industry would go on to become the most lucrative industry for the Ontario economy during the 20th century.
In July 1912, the Conservative government of Sir James Whitney issued Regulation 17 which severely limited the availability of French-language schooling to the province's French-speaking minority. French Canadians reacted with outrage, journalist Henri Bourassa denouncing the "Prussians of Ontario". It was eventually repealed in 1927.
Influenced by events in the United States, the government of Sir William Hearst introduced prohibition of alcoholic drinks in 1916 with the passing of the Ontario Temperance Act. However, residents could distil and retain their own personal supply, and liquor producers could continue distillation and export for sale, which allowed this already sizable industry to strengthen further. Ontario became a hotbed for the illegal smuggling of liquor and the biggest supplier into the United States, which was under complete prohibition. Prohibition in Ontario came to an end in 1927 with the establishment of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario under the government of Howard Ferguson. The sale and consumption of liquor, wine, and beer are still controlled by some of the most extreme laws in North America to ensure that strict community standards and revenue generation from the alcohol retail monopoly are upheld. In April 2007, Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament Kim Craitor suggested that local brewers should be able to sell their beer in local corner stores; however, the motion was quickly rejected by Premier Dalton McGuinty.
The post-World War II period was one of exceptional prosperity and growth. Ontario, and the Greater Toronto Area in particular, have been the recipients of most immigration to Canada, largely immigrants from war-torn Europe in the 1950s and 1960s and after changes in federal immigration law, a massive influx of non-Europeans since the 1970s. From a largely ethnically British province, Ontario has rapidly become very culturally diverse.
The nationalist movement in Quebec, particularly after the election of the Parti Québécois in 1976, contributed to driving many businesses and English-speaking people out of Quebec to Ontario, and as a result Toronto surpassed Montreal as the largest city and economic centre of Canada. Depressed economic conditions in the Maritime Provinces have also resulted in de-population of those provinces in the 20th century, with heavy migration into Ontario.
Ontario has no official language, but English is considered the de facto language. Numerous French language services are available under the French Language Services Act of 1990 in designated areas where sizable francophone populations exist.
Demography[link]
Main article: Demographics of Ontario
The percentages add to more than 100% because of dual responses (e.g., "French and Canadian" response generates an entry in both the category "French Canadian" and the category "Canadian"). Groups with greater than 200,000 responses are included.
The majority of Ontarians are of English or other European descent. Slightly less than 5% of the population of Ontario is Franco-Ontarian, that is those whose native tongue is French, although those with French ancestry account for 11% of the population. In relation to natural increase or inter-provincial migration, immigration is a huge population growth force in Ontario, as it has been over the last two centuries. More recent sources of immigrants with large or growing communities in Ontario include Caribbeans, Asians, Latin Americans, Europeans, and Africans. Most populations have settled in the larger urban centres.
Ontario is the second most diverse province in terms of visible minorities after British Columbia, with 22.8% of the population consisting of visible minorities.[22] The Greater Toronto Area, Ottawa, Windsor, Hamilton and Waterloo Region are quite diverse metropolitan areas. Aboriginal peoples make up 2% of the population, with two-thirds of that consisting of North American Indians and the other third consisting of Métis. The number of Aboriginal people has been increasing at rates greater than the general population of Ontario.[23]
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Religion[link]
The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the 2001 census were the Roman Catholic Church with 3,866,350 (34%); the United Church of Canada with 1,334,570 (12%); and the Anglican Church of Canada with 985,110 (9%),[29] together representing over half of the population of the province.
The major religious groups in Ontario, as of 2001, are:[30]
File:Religion in Ontario.png
Religion in Ontario in 2001.[31]
| Religion | People | % |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 11,285,545 | 100 |
| Protestant | 3,935,745 | 34.9 |
| Catholic | 3,911,760 | 34.7 |
| No Religion | 1,841,290 | 16.3 |
| Muslim | 352,530 | 3.1 |
| Other Christians | 301,935 | 2.7 |
| Christian Orthodox | 264,055 | 2.3 |
| Hindu | 217,555 | 1.9 |
| Jewish | 190,795 | 1.7 |
| Buddhist | 128,320 | 1.1 |
| Sikh | 104,785 | 0.9 |
| Eastern Religions | 17,780 | 0.2 |
| Other Religions | 18,985 | 0.2 |
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Ontario
Ontario is Canada's leading manufacturing province, accounting for 52% of the total national manufacturing shipments in 2004.[32] Ontario's largest trading partner is the American state of Michigan. The government of Ontario posted a record C$21.3 billion ($20.7 billion) deficit for the 2009-10 fiscal year.[33] The province’s net debt will rise to C$220 billion in 2010-11, or a record 37% of gross domestic product.[33]
Ontario's rivers, including its share of the Niagara River, make it rich in hydroelectric energy.[34] In 2009 Ontario Power Generation generated 70% of the electricity of the province, of which 51% is nuclear, 39% is hydroelectric and 10% is fossil fuel derived.[35] Much of the newer power generation coming online in the last few years is natural gas or combined cycle natural gas plants. OPG is not however responsible for the transmission of power, which is under the control of Hydro One. Despite its diverse range of power options, problems related to increasing consumption, lack of energy efficiency and aging nuclear reactors, Ontario has been forced in recent years to purchase power from its neighbours Quebec and Michigan to supplement its power needs during peak consumption periods.
An abundance of natural resources, excellent transportation links to the American heartland and the inland Great Lakes making ocean access possible via container ships, have all contributed to making manufacturing the principal industry, found mainly in the Golden Horseshoe region, which is the largest industrialized area in Canada, the southern end of the region being part of the North American Rust Belt. Important products include motor vehicles, iron, steel, food, electrical appliances, machinery, chemicals, and paper. Ontario surpassed Michigan in car production, assembling 2.696 million vehicles in 2004. Ontario has Chrysler plants in Windsor and Bramalea, two GM plants in Oshawa and one in Ingersoll, a Honda assembly plant in Alliston, Ford plants in Oakville and St. Thomas and Toyota assembly plants in Cambridge and Woodstock.
However, as a result of steeply declining sales, in 2005, General Motors announced massive layoffs at production facilities across North America including two large GM plants in Oshawa and a drive train facility in St. Catharines resulting in 8,000 job losses in Ontario alone. In 2006, Ford Motor Company announced between 25,000 and 30,000 layoffs phased until 2012; Ontario was spared the worst, but job losses were announced for the St. Thomas facility and the Windsor Casting plant. However, these losses will be offset by Ford's recent announcement of a hybrid vehicle facility slated to begin production in 2007 at its Oakville plant and GM's re-introduction of the Camaro which will be produced in Oshawa. On December 4, 2008 Toyota announced the grand opening of the RAV4 plant in Woodstock,[36] and Honda also has plans to add an engine plant at its facility in Alliston. Despite these new plants coming online, Ontario has not yet fully recovered following massive layoffs caused by the global recession; its unemployment rate was 8.1% (as of October 2011),[37] compared to 8.7% in Jan. 2010[38] and roughly 6% in 2007.
Toronto, the capital of Ontario, is the centre of Canada's financial services and banking industry. Neighbouring cities forming part of the Greater Toronto Area, such as Brampton, Mississauga and Vaughan, are large product distribution and IT centres, in addition to having various manufacturing industries. The information technology sector is also important, particularly in the Silicon Valley North section of Ottawa, as well as the Waterloo Region, where the world headquarters of Research in Motion (the developers of the BlackBerry smartphone) is located. Providing more than 19% of the local jobs and employing more than 13% of the entire local population, Canada's Federal Government is by far the largest single employer in the National Capital Region, which centres on the border cities of Ontario's Ottawa and Quebec's Gatineau.[39][40] Hamilton is the largest steel manufacturing city in Canada, and Sarnia is the centre for petrochemical production. Construction continues to employ more than 6½% of the province's work force as of June 2011.[41]
Mining and the forest products industry, notably pulp and paper, are vital to the economy of Northern Ontario. More than any other region, tourism contributes heavily to the economy of Central Ontario, peaking during the summer months owing to the abundance of fresh water recreation and wilderness found there in reasonable proximity to the major urban centres. At other times of the year, hunting, skiing and snowmobiling are popular. This region has some of the most vibrant fall colour displays anywhere on the continent, and tours directed at overseas visitors are organized to see them. Tourism also plays a key role in border cities with large casinos, among them Windsor, Cornwall, Sarnia and Niagara Falls, which attract many U.S. visitors.[42]
Agriculture[link]
Once the dominant industry, agriculture occupies a small percentage of the population but still a large part of Southern Ontario's land area. As the following table shows, while the number of individual farms has steadily decreased and their overall size has shrunk at a lower rate, greater mechanization has supported increased supply to satisfy the ever increasing demands of a growing population base; this has also meant a gradual increase in the total amount of land used for growing crops.
| Ontario Farming | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Farms | 72,713 | 68,633 | 67,520 | 59,728 | 57,211 | |
| Total | Hectares | 5,646,582 | 5,451,379 | 5,616,860 | 5,466,233 | 5,386,453 |
| Acres | 13,953,009 | 13,470,652 | 13,879,565 | 13,507,358 | 13,310,217 | |
| Planted Crops |
Hectares | 3,457,966 | 3,411,667 | 3,544,927 | 3,656,705 | 3,660,941 |
| Acres | 8,544,821 | 8,430,438 | 8,759,707 | 9,035,916 | 9,046,383 | |
| Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture.[43] | Wikipedia.org/Ontario | |||||
Cattle, small grains and dairy were the common types of farms in the 2001 census. The fruit and grape growing industry is located primarily on the Niagara Peninsula and along Lake Erie, where tobacco farms are also situated. Market Vegetables are also grown in the rich soils of the Holland Marsh near Newmarket.
The area susinctly defined as the Corn Belt covers much of the southwestern area of the province extending as far north as close to Goderich, but corn and soy are grown throughout the southern portion of the province. Apple orchards are a common sight along the southern shore of Nottawasaga Bay (part of Georgian Bay) near Collingwood and along the northern shore of Lake Ontario near Cobourg. Tobacco production, centred in Norfolk County has decreased leading to an increase in some other new crop alternatives gaining popularity, such as hazelnuts and ginseng. The Ontario origins of Massey Ferguson, once one of the largest farm implement manufacturers in the world, indicate the importance agriculture once had to the Canadian economy. Southern Ontario's limited supply of agricultural land is going out of production at an increasing rate. Urban sprawl and farmland severances contribute to the loss of thousands of acres of productive agricultural land in Ontario each year. Over 2,000 farms and 150,000 acres (61,000 ha) of farmland in the GTA alone were lost to production in the two decades between 1976 and 1996. This loss represented approximately 18% of Ontario's Class 1 farmland being converted to urban purposes. In addition, increasing rural severances provide ever-greater interference with agricultural production.
Energy[link]
The Green Energy and Green Economy Act, 2009 (GEA), takes a two-pronged approach to creating a renewable-energy economy. The first is to bring more renewable energy sources to the province and the second is the creation of more energy efficiency measures to help conserve energy. The bill would also appoint a Renewable Energy Facilitator to provide "one-window" assistance and support to project developers in order to facilitate project approvals.[44]
The approvals process for transmission projects would also be streamlined and for the first time in Ontario, the bill would enact standards for renewable energy projects. Homeowners would have access to incentives to develop small-scale renewables such as low- or no-interest loans to finance the capital cost of renewable energy generating facilities like solar panels.[44]
Ontario is home to Niagara Falls, which supplies a large amount of hydroelectricity for the province. The Bruce Nuclear Generating Station, the second largest nuclear power plant in the world, is also in Ontario and uses 8 CANDU reactors to generate electricity for the province.
Government and politics[link]
Further information: Monarchy in Ontario and Executive Council of Ontario
File:Ontario Wordmark 2007.svg
The wordmark of the Government of Ontario, featuring a stylized version of the provincial flower, the trillium. This wordmark was introduced in late 2007.
File:Ontario-wordmark.svg
The previous wordmark of the Government of Ontario, which was in use from the late-1960s until 2007 (apart from the lettering used here).
The British North America Act 1867 section 69 stipulated "There shall be a Legislature for Ontario consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and of One House, styled the Legislative Assembly of Ontario." The assembly has 107 seats representing ridings elected in a first-past-the-post system across the province.
The legislative buildings at Queen's Park in Toronto are the seat of government. Following the Westminster system, the leader of the party holding the most seats in the assembly is known as the "Premier and President of the Council" (Executive Council Act R.S.O. 1990). The Premier chooses the cabinet or Executive Council whose members are deemed "ministers of the Crown."
Although the Legislative Assembly Act (R.S.O. 1990) refers to members of the assembly", the legislators are now commonly called MPPs (Members of the Provincial Parliament) in English and députés de l'Assemblée législative in French, but they have also been called MLAs (Members of the Legislative Assembly), and both are acceptable. The title of Prime Minister of Ontario, correct in French (le Premier ministre), is permissible in English but now generally avoided in favour of the title "Premier" to avoid confusion with the Prime Minister of Canada.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Ontario
Ontario has numerous political parties which run for election. Three political parties dominate election results: the Conservatives,Liberals,and NDP. In the last few decades the liberal Ontario Liberal Party, conservative Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, and social-democratic Ontario New Democratic Party have all ruled the province at different times.
Ontario is currently under a Liberal government headed by Premier Dalton McGuinty. The present government, first elected in 2003, was re-elected on October 10, 2007. On October 6, 2011, the Ontario Liberal Party won a third mandate, although it lost seats and was reduced to a minority government capturing only 53 seats (as opposed to the 71 it won in 2007), with the Progressive Conservatives and NDP winning 37 seats and 17 seats, respectively.
In the 2011 Canadian federal election in Ontario the Conservatives were elected in 73 ridings, 22 went to the NDP, and 11 to the Liberals. The Green Party did not get a candidate elected in Ontario.
Urban areas[link]
Statistics Canada's measure of a "metro area", the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), roughly bundles together population figures from the core municipality with those from "commuter" municipalities.[45]
| CMA (largest other included municipalities in brackets) | 2001 | 2006 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toronto CMA (Mississauga, Brampton, Pickering) | 4,682,897 | 5,113,149 | 9.2% |
| Ottawa CMA (Gatineau, Clarence-Rockland)* | 1,067,800* | 1,130,761* | 5.9% |
| Hamilton CMA (Burlington, Grimsby) | 662,401 | 692,911 | 4.6% |
| London CMA (St. Thomas, Strathroy-Caradoc) | 435,600 | 457,720 | 5.1% |
| Kitchener CMA (Cambridge, Waterloo) | 414,284 | 451,235 | 8.9% |
| St. Catharines CMA (Niagara Falls, Welland) | 377,009 | 390,317 | 3.5% |
| Oshawa CMA (Whitby, Clarington) | 296,298 | 330,594 | 11.6% |
| Windsor CMA (Lakeshore, LaSalle) | 307,877 | 323,342 | 5.0% |
| Barrie CMA (Innisfil, Springwater) | 148,480 | 177,061 | 19.2% |
| Sudbury CMA (Whitefish Lake, Wanapitei Reserve) | 155,601 | 158,258 | 1.7% |
| Kingston CMA | 146,838 | 152,358 | 3.8% |
*Parts of Quebec (including Gatineau) are included in the Ottawa CMA. The entire population of the Ottawa CMA, in both provinces, is shown.
- Ten largest municipalities by population[25]
| Municipality | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toronto (Provincial capital) | &100000000023854210000002,385,421 | &100000000024814940000002,481,494 | &100000000025032810000002,503,281 |
| Ottawa (National capital) | &10000000000721136000000721,136 | &10000000000774072000000774,072 | &10000000000812129000000812,129 |
| Mississauga | &10000000000544382000000544,382 | &10000000000612925000000612,925 | &10000000000668549000000668,549 |
| Hamilton | &10000000000467799000000467,799 | &10000000000490268000000490,268 | &10000000000504559000000504,559 |
| Brampton | &10000000000268251000000268,251 | &10000000000325428000000325,428 | &10000000000433806000000433,806 |
| London | &10000000000325669000000325,669 | &10000000000336539000000336,539 | &10000000000352395000000352,395 |
| Markham | &10000000000173383000000173,383 | &10000000000208615000000208,615 | &10000000000261573000000261,573 |
| Vaughan | &10000000000132549000000132,549 | &10000000000182022000000182,022 | &10000000000238866000000238,866 |
| Windsor | &10000000000197694000000197,694 | &10000000000209218000000209,218 | &10000000000216473000000216,473 |
| Kitchener | &10000000000178420000000178,420 | &10000000000190399000000190,399 | &10000000000204668000000204,668 |
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Ontario
Higher education[link]
Main article: Higher education in Ontario
See also: List of colleges in Ontario and List of universities in Ontario
Culture[link]
Songs and slogans[link]
During the John Robarts government of the 1960s, the slogan "Is There Any Other Place You'd Rather Be?" was in use to promote tourism. During a blizzard early in 1971, highway travellers who were stranded at a Highway 401 service centre with Premier Robarts (already in his last months of office) asked him the slogan in an ironic twist.
In 1967, in conjunction with the celebration of Canada's centennial, the song "A Place to Stand" was introduced at the inauguration of Ontario's pavilion at the Expo 67 World's Fair, and became the background for the province's advertising for decades.
In 1973 the first slogan to appear on licence plates in Ontario was "Keep It Beautiful". This was replaced by "Yours to Discover" in 1982,[46] apparently inspired by a tourism slogan, "Discover Ontario," dating back to 1927.[47] Plates with the French equivalent, "Tant à découvrir", were made available to the public beginning in May 2008.[48] (From 1988 to 1990,[49] "Ontario Incredible"[50] gave "Yours to Discover" a brief respite.)
In 2007, a new song replaced "A Place to Stand" after four decades. "There's No Place Like This" is featured in current television advertising, performed by Ontario artists including Molly Johnson, Brian Byrne, Keshia Chanté,[51] as well as Tomi Swick and Arkells. The new song is featured on the Ontario Tourism website.
Notable residents[link]
Please see List of people from Ontario.
Transportation[link]
Historically, the province has used two major east-west routes, both starting from Montreal in the neighbouring province of Quebec. The northerly route, which was mostly pioneered by early fur traders, travels west from Montreal along the Ottawa River, then continues northwestward towards Manitoba. Major cities on or near the route include Ottawa, North Bay, Sudbury, Sault Ste. Marie, and Thunder Bay. The southerly route, which was driven by growth in settlements originated by the United Empire Loyalists and later other European immigrants, travels southwest from Montreal along the St. Lawrence River, Lake Ontario, and Lake Erie before entering the United States in Michigan. Major cities on or near the route include Kingston, Oshawa, Toronto, Mississauga, Kitchener-Waterloo, Hamilton, London, Sarnia, and Windsor. This route was also heavily used by immigrants to the Midwestern US particularly in the late 19th century.
Roads[link]
Main article: Roads in Ontario
400-Series Highways make up the primary vehicular network in the south of province, and they connect to numerous border crossings with the U.S., the busiest being the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel and Ambassador Bridge (via Highway 401) and the Blue Water Bridge (via Highway 402). The primary highway along the southern route is Highway 401/Highway of Heroes, the busiest highway in North America[52][53] and the backbone of Ontario's road network, tourism, and economy,[52][53] while the primary highways across the north are Highway 417/Highway 17 and Highway 11, both part of the Trans-Canada Highway. Highway 400/Highway 69 connects Toronto to Northern Ontario. Other provincial highways and regional roads inter-connect the remainder of the province.
Waterways[link]
The Saint Lawrence Seaway, which extends across most of the southern portion of the province and connects to the Atlantic Ocean, is the primary water transportation route for cargo, particularly iron ore and grain. In the past, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River were also a major passenger transportation route, but over the past half century passenger travel has been reduced to ferry services and sightseeing cruises.
Railways[link]
Via Rail operates the inter-regional passenger train service on the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor, along with The Canadian, a transcontinental rail service from Toronto to Vancouver, and the Sudbury – White River train. Additionally, Amtrak rail connects Ontario with key New York cities including Buffalo, Albany, and New York City. Ontario Northland provides rail service to destinations as far north as Moosonee near James Bay, connecting them with the south.
Freight rail is dominated by the founding cross-country Canadian National Railway and CP Rail companies, which during the 1990s sold many short rail lines from their vast network to private companies operating mostly in the south.
Regional commuter rail is limited to the provincially owned GO Transit, and serves a trainbus network spanning the Golden Horseshoe region, with its hub in Toronto.
The Toronto Transit Commission operates the province's only subway and streetcar system, one of the busiest in North America. OC Transpo operates, in addition to bus service, the O-Train Light rail line in Ottawa. Current plans also invision a light-rail metro in Ottawa.
Air travel[link]
Toronto Pearson International Airport is the nation's busiest and the world's 29th busiest, handling over 30 million passengers per year. Other important airports include Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport and Hamilton's John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport, which is an important courier and freight aviation centre. Toronto/Pearson and Ottawa/Macdonald-Cartier form two of the three points in Canada's busiest set of air routes (the third point is Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport).
Most Ontario cities have regional airports, many of which have scheduled commuter flights from Air Canada Jazz or smaller airlines and charter companies — flights from the larger cities such as Thunder Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, Sudbury, North Bay, Timmins, Windsor, London, and Kingston feed directly into Toronto Pearson. Bearskin Airlines also runs flights along the northerly east-west route, connecting Ottawa, North Bay, Sudbury, Sault Ste. Marie, Kitchener and Thunder Bay directly without requiring connections at Toronto Pearson.
Isolated towns and settlements in the northern areas of the province rely partly or entirely on air service for travel, goods, and even ambulance services (MEDIVAC), since much of the far northern area of the province cannot be reached by road or rail.
See also[link]
| Lists | ||
| Law | ||
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Canada's provinces and territories total area, land area and water area.". Statistics Canada. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/phys01.htm. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statcan.gc.ca. January 24, 2012. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
- ^ "Ontario Financial Authority: About Ontario". ofina.on.ca. http://www.ofina.on.ca/ontario/aboutontario.htm. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
- ^ "Ontario." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed. 2003. (ISBN 0-87779-809-5) New York: Merriam-Webster, Inc."
- ^ Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada (along with Manitoba).
- ^ "Ontario is the largest province in the country by population". Statistics Canada. http://www40.statcan.ca/cgi-bin/getcans/sorth.cgi?lan=eng&dtype=fina&filename=demo02a.htm&sortact=2&sortf=6. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ "Population of census metropolitan areas (2001 Census boundaries)". Statistics Canada. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo05a.htm. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ Mithun, Marianne (2000). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 312.
- ^ "About Canada // Ontario". Study Canada. pp. Last Paragraph-second last sentence. http://www.studycanada.ca/english/about-ont.htm. Retrieved April 23, 2011. "The name "Ontario" is generally thought to be derived from the Iroquois word Skanadario, meaning "beautiful water""
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2010/12/08/snow-storm-ontario.html
- ^ Mills, David (1877). Report on the Boundaries of the Province of Ontario. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co.. p. 347. http://books.google.com/books?id=BlYCAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved September 14, 2009.
- ^ "Early Districts and Counties 1788-1899". Archives of Ontario. September 5, 2006. http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/maps/ontario-districts.aspx. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "About Ontario; History: Government of Ontario". http://www.gov.on.ca/ont/portal/!ut/p/.cmd/cs/.ce/7_0_A/.s/7_0_252/_s.7_0_A/7_0_252/_l/en?docid=EC001034. Retrieved January 5, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Native America on the Eve of Contact". Digital History.
- ^ "Étienne Brûlé's article on Encyclopædia Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9016763/Etienne-Brule. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ a b "About Ontario; History; French and British Struggle for Domination". Government of Ontario. http://www.gov.on.ca/ont/portal/!ut/p/.cmd/cs/.ce/7_0_A/.s/7_0_252/_s.7_0_A/7_0_252/_l/en?docid=004520. Retrieved January 5, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "The Contact Period". Ontarioarchaeology.on.ca.
- ^ "The Treaty of Paris (1763)". http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_%281763%29. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ "The Quebec Act of 1774". http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/PreConfederation/qa_1774.html. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
- ^ "The Constitutional Act of 1791". Archived from the original on August 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070829152801/http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~sprague/con91.htm. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
- ^ Virtual Vault, an online exhibition of Canadian historical art at Library and Archives Canada
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". 2.statcan.ca. April 2, 2008. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Dist&StartRec=1&Sort=5&Display=Page&CSDFilter=5000. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ^ StatCan - Native Population
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". Statistics Canada. April 2, 2008. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
- ^ a b "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. March 13, 2007. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=302&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&PR=35. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
- ^ "Population urban and rural, by province and territory (Ontario)". Statistics Canada. September 1, 2005. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo62g.htm. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Canada's population". The Daily. Statistics Canada. September 27, 2006. http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/060927/d060927a.htm. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Selected Ethnic Origins1, for Canada, Provinces and Territories - 20% Sample Data". Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/ETO/Table1.cfm?Lang=E&T=501&GV=1&GID=35. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
- ^ "Selected Religions, for Canada, Provinces and Territories - 20% Sample Data". 2.statcan.ca. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/Religion/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1a&Code=35&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=35&B2=All. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "Population by religion, by province and territory (2001 Census) (Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan)". Statistics Canada. January 25, 2005. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo30b.htm. Retrieved November 7, 2006.
- ^ Statistics Canada "2001 Community Profiles". Statistics Canada. December 14, 2006. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=35&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=ontario&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Statistics Canada. Retrieved January 12, 2007.
- ^ Government of Ontario. "Ontario Facts: Overview". Archived from the original on January 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070129072416/http://www.2ontario.com/facts/fact01.asp. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ a b "[http:/=/www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aXMgXLp.uQLY Ontario to Sell C$39.7 Billion in Debt to Fund Gap (Update1)]". Bloomberg.com. March 25, 2010.
- ^ "Ontario is rich in hydroelectricity, especially areas near the Niagara River". Ontario Facts. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070218231700/http://www.2ontario.com/welcome/oout_508.asp. Retrieved February 2, 2007.
- ^ "Ontario Power Generation: Power Generation". Opg.com. http://www.opg.com/power/. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ "Toyota's opening a new chapter in Woodstock's industrial history". Woodstocksentinelreview.com. http://woodstocksentinelreview.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1346620. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "Economic indicators, by province and territory (monthly and quarterly) - (Ontario)", June 2011, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Labour force, employed and unemployed, numbers and rates, by province - (Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba)", 2010, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Federal government employment, wages and salaries, by census metropolitan area - (Employment)", 2006 - 2010, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Labour force characteristics, unadjusted, by census metropolitan area (3 month moving average) - (Ottawa-Gatineau (Ont.-Que.), Ottawa (Ont.)-Gatineau (Que.), Ontario part, Ottawa (Ont.)-Gatineau (Que.), Quebec part)", 2010/2011, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Employment by major industry groups, seasonally adjusted, by province (monthly) - (Ontario)", June 2011, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Ontario". Ministry of Economic Development and Trade. Archived from the original on October 24, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061024224855/http://www.2ontario.com/welcome/oo_000.asp. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Total farm area, land tenure and land in crops, by province (Census of Agriculture, 1986 to 2006) — (Ontario)", Statistics Canada, 2008-10-31, Retrieved 2011-07-30
- ^ a b "Ontario Unveils Green Energy and Green Economy Act, 2009". Renewableenergyworld.com. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2009/02/ontario-unveils-green-energy-and-green-economy-act-2009?cmpid=WNL-Friday-February27-2009. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ Statistics Canada "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada. November 5, 2008. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=202&PR=35&S=0&O=A&RPP=50 Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ontario". 15q.net. February 24, 2007. http://www.15q.net/on.html. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ "| Library | University of Waterloo". Lib.uwaterloo.ca. http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/locations/umd/cart/ont_road_chart.html. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ "New French Slogan Licence Plate for Passenger Vehicles". Government of Ontario. June 10, 2010. http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/dandv/vehicle/frenchplate/frenchplate.shtml. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
- ^ "Official Ontario Road Maps Produced 1971-2006". Ontarioroadmaps.ca. http://www.ontarioroadmaps.ca/Official_Ontario/Official_Maps_producedB.htm. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "Measuring the Returns to Tourism Advertising". Jtr.sagepub.com. August 1, 1998. http://jtr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/1/12. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
- ^ "There's more to discover in Ontario". Ontariotravel.net. http://www.ontariotravel.net/TcisCtrl?site=consumers&key1=home&language=EN&modus=otsplmen01. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ a b c Ministry of Transportation (Ontario) (August 6, 2002). "Ontario government investing $401 million to upgrade Highway 401". Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070914064434/http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html. Retrieved December 20, 2006.
- ^ a b c Brian Gray (April 10, 2004). "GTA Economy Dinged by Every Crash on the 401 - North America's Busiest Freeway". Toronto Sun, transcribed at Urban Planet. http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459. Retrieved March 18, 2007. "The "phenomenal" number of vehicles on Hwy. 401 as it cuts through Toronto makes it the busiest freeway in the world..."
References[link]
- Michael Sletcher, 'Ottawa', in James Ciment, ed., Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History, (5 vols., M. E. Sharpe, New York, 2006).
- Virtual Vault, an online exhibition of Canadian historical art at Library and Archives Canada
Further reading[link]
Main article: Bibliography of Ontario
- Beckett, Harry (2001). Ontario. Weigl. ISBN 189699085. http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Jx0lQMN53sC&lpg=PA1&dq=Ontario&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- White, Randall (1985). Ontario, 1610-1985 : a political and economic history. Dundurn Press. ISBN 0-919670-98-9. http://books.google.ca/books?id=i_H444blkDgC&lpg=PP1&dq=Ontario&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Montigny, Edgar-André; Chambers,, Anne Lorene (2000). Ontario since Confederation : a reader. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-4444-1. http://books.google.ca/books?id=oSfenc15ISUC&lpg=PA3&dq=Ontario&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History: Proceedings of the Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History Symposium, April 14, 15 and 16, 2000. Ontario Historical Society, 2000. 343 pp.
- Baskerville, Peter A. Sites of Power: A Concise History of Ontario. Oxford U. Press., 2005. 296 pp. (first edition was Ontario: Image, Identity and Power, 2002). online review
- Chambers, Lori, and Edgar-Andre Montigny, eds. Ontario Since Confederation: A Reader (2000), articles by scholars
- Winfield, Mark S. Blue-Green Province: The Environment and the Political Economy of Ontario (University of British Columbia Press; 2012) 296 pages; environmental policies since 1945
External links[link]
| Find more about Ontario on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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- Canadian Government Atlas - Official Map of Ontario.
- CBC Digital Archives - Ontario Elections: Twenty Tumultuous Years
- Government of Ontario - Official website of the Provincial government.
- Ontario Visual Heritage Project - Non-profit documentary project about Ontario's history
- Tourism Ontario - Official tourism website of the Province of Ontario
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Coordinates: 50°42′N 86°3′W / 50.7°N 86.05°W / 50.7; -86.05 (Ontario)
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There are many people in history who are commonly appended with the phrase "the Great", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as e Bozorg and e azam in Persian and Urdu respectively.
In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.[1]
The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus)[2] assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "the Great".
The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).
Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.
As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.
Contents |
Rulers[link]
- Abbas I of Persia (1571–1629), Shah of Iran
- Akbar (1542–1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India
- Alain I of Albret (1440–1522), French aristocrat
- Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia
- Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia
- Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias
- Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex
- Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire
- Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty
- Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),
- Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire
- Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand
- Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)
- Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736–1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)
- Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden
- Casimir III the Great (1310–1370), King of Poland
- Catherine the Great (1729–1796), Empress of Russia
- Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India
- Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans
- Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)
- Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks
- Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen
- Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman emperor
- Cyaxares the Great (c. 625-585 BC), third king of Media
- Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire
- Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire
- Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse[3]
- Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile
- Frederick the Great (1712–1786), King of Prussia
- Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
- Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe
- Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594–1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader
- Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea[4][5]
- Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC
- Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)
- Henry IV of France (1553–1610), King of France and King of Navarre
- Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea
- Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
- Hugh Magnus of France (1007–1025), co-King of France
- Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057–1101)
- Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat
- Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Tsar of Russia
- John I of Portugal (1358–1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve
- John II of Aragon (1398–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre
- Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor
- Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i
- Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India
- Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010–1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia
- Kublai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty
- Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales
- Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland
- Mangrai the Great (1238–1317), Lanna, northern Thailand
- Emperor Meiji (1852–1912), Emperor of Japan
- Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)
- Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)
- Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom
- Mstislav I of Kiev (1076–1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus
- Naresuan (1555–1605), King of Ayutthaya
- Narai (1633–1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)
- Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine
- Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)
- K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque
- Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka
- Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia
- Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar of Russia
- Peter III of Aragon (1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily
- Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar
- Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar
- Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.[6][7][8]
- Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014–1044), Tamil King of India
- Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
- Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)
- Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082–1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties
- Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)
- Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev
- Saladin (c. 1138-1193), Kurdish Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and victor over the Crusaders
- Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre
- Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire
- Sejong the Great (1397–1450), Korean king[9]
- Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia
- Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire
- Stephen III of Moldavia (1433–1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)
- Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
- Taksin (1734–1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)
- Tamar (1160-1123), Queen of the Georgian Empire
- Timur (1336–1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty
- Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie
- Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire
- Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor
- Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia
- Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia
- Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire
- Valdemar I of Denmark (1131–1182), King of Denmark
- Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor
- Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus
- Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy
- William I, Count of Burgundy (1020–1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon
- William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou
- Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)
- Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China
Religious figures[link]
- Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East
- Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia
- Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian
- Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt
- Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader
- Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)
- Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint
- Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint
- Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)
- Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine
- Pope John Paul II (1920–2005)
- Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)
- Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit
- Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)
- Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople
- William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites
Other[link]
- Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies
- Emmy the Great, folk singer
- Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III
- Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia
See also[link]
- Epithet
- List of monarchs by nickname
- List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I
- James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus
- Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, whose common honorific "Mahatma" means "Great Soul"
Notes[link]
- ^ In a clay cylinder (online). The expression was used in a propagandistic context: the conqueror wants to show he is a normal Babylonian ruler. The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
- ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
- ^ History, Instituto Geografico De Agostini S.p.A., p. 479
- ^ World and Its Peoples:Korea. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. September 2008. p. 887. ISBN 0-7614-7631-8.
- ^ Alison Behnke (2004). North Korea in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 70. ISBN 0-8225-1908-9. http://books.google.com/?id=ovWvhyLc6hAC&pg=RA1-PA70&dq=%22Gwanggaeto+the+Great%22.
- ^ Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (December 1919). "An English History of India". Political Science Quarterly 34 (4): 644–653. DOI:10.2307/2142032. JSTOR 2142032. ""The finances of the state were not more centralized under Louis XIV than under Rajaraja the Great.""
- ^ "Heaven sent: Michael Wood explores the art of the Chola dynasty". Royal Academy, UK. http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/ra-magazine/winter2006/features/heven-sent,47,RAMA.html. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ "The Chola Dynasty: Accession of Rajaraja, the Great". Sify.com. http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13219885. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN 0-7456-3356-0.
http://wn.com/List_of_people_known_as_The_Great
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Великий (прозвище)
http://id.wn.com/Daftar tokoh dengan gelar yang Agung
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_known_as_The_Great
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| Jonathan Frid | |
|---|---|
 Frid in 2001 |
|
| Born | John Herbert Frid (1924-12-02)December 2, 1924 Hamilton, Ontario Canada |
| Died | April 13/14, 2012 (aged 87) Hamilton, Ontario Canada |
| Cause of death | Accidental fall |
| Residence | Ontario, Canada |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Education | McMaster University |
| Alma mater | Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Yale School of Drama |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1960-2012 |
| Notable work(s) | Dark Shadows |
| Home town | Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
| Television | Dark Shadows |
| Website | |
| http://www.jonathanfrid.com | |
John Herbert Frid (December 2, 1924 – April 13 or 14, 2012; sources differ) was a Canadian theater, television, and film actor, best known for having played the role of vampire Barnabas Collins on the gothic television soap opera Dark Shadows.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Frid was born of Scottish[1] ancestry in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He served in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II. He graduated from McMaster University in Hamilton in 1948, and the following year was accepted at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London.[2] He moved to the United States in 1954, and received a Master of Fine Arts degree in Directing from the Yale School of Drama in 1957. He began using the stage name Jonathan Frid in 1962.[2]
Career[link]
Stage work[link]
As a student at Yale, Frid starred in the premiere of William Snyder's play A True And Special Friend.[3] Classically trained, Frid spent thirty years in live theater, starring in the first productions at the Williamstown Theater in Williamstown, Massachusetts and stage productions in Canada, England and the United States, though occasionally working in television.[4]
Television[link]
Frid is best known for the role of vampire Barnabas Collins on the original gothic cult television serial Dark Shadows, which ran from 1966 to 1971.[5] He also starred as Barnabas Collins in the movie House of Dark Shadows. Frid had made plans to move to the U.S. West Coast pursue a career as an acting teacher when he won the role that ultimately made him a household name. As Frid explained on his Web site, he had barely entered his apartment as the phone call from his agent came informing him that he had won the role of Barnabas Collins. He agreed to accept it after being told it was a short-term one that would provide him with extra cash while he prepared to move. As the character's popularity soared, Frid scrapped those plans.[6]
Frid starred in Dial M for Murder while the television series was still appearing. After Dark Shadows ended, he starred as Thomas Becket in Murder in the Cathedral, and in Wait Until Dark. Frid had previously played the role of a psychiatrist on the CBS Television soap opera As the World Turns.
In 1973, Frid appeared in the TV movie The Devil's Daughter starring Shelley Winters, and the following year starred in Oliver Stone's directorial debut, Seizure (aka Queen of Evil). He took time off from acting and returned to Canada, reviving his stage career in 1978.
Frid began performing readings at Dark Shadows fan conventions in the 1980s, and while developing ideas for what would be three critically acclaimed one-man shows, Frid took on the role of Jonathan Brewster in the Broadway revival of Arsenic and Old Lace. The play went on a national tour that broke box office records, which gave Frid the opportunity to appear on radio and talk shows to tell about his theater shows and long stage career.
Later life[link]
In 1994, having spent 40 years based in New York City, Frid retired and returned to Canada. He continued to do one-man shows for charities in both Canada and the United States. In 2000, he starred in the play Mass Appeal which enjoyed a successful, limited run in Hamilton and at the Stirling Festival Theatre in Stirling, Ontario.
Frid attended Dark Shadows conventions in New York in August 2007, Burbank, California, in July 2008, and Elizabeth, New Jersey, in August 2009. In 2010, he returned to the role of Barnabas for the first time in 39 years in a Dark Shadows audio drama, The Night Whispers.[7] Along with former Dark Shadows castmates Lara Parker, David Selby and Kathryn Leigh Scott, Frid spent three days at Pinewood Studios in June 2011 filming a cameo appearance for the 2012 Tim Burton Dark Shadows film,[8] which became his final film appearance.
Death[link]
After suffering a fall,[9] Frid died on April 13[10][11][12][13][14] or April 14, 2012,[9][15][16][17][18] (sources vary) at Juravinski Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario.
Further reading[link]
- Hamrick, Craig (2012). Barnabas & Company: The Cast of the TV Classic "Dark Shadows.". iUniverse, Inc. ISBN 9781475910346. OCLC 792795181.
References[link]
- ^ Hamrick, Craig (2003). Barnabas & Company: The Cast of the TV Classic Dark Shadows. iUniverse. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-595-29029-1.
- ^ a b "Barnabas & Company". Dark Shadows Online (fan site). Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. http://www.darkshadowsonline.com/where-frid.html. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "Belknap Playbill and Program Collection". Uflib.ufl.edu. http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/belknap/ufplaybills5.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
- ^ "A Summing Up: My Career on the Stage". Jonathan Frid (official site). Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110720230439/http://www.jonathanfrid.com/misc.html.
- ^ Big Finish Dark Shadows[dead link]
- ^ "Biography", Jonathan Frid (official site). Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.
- ^ Creepy, Uncle (2010-04-30). "Jonathan Frid Reprises Role of Barnabas Collins for Dark Shadows Audio Return". Dreadcentral.com. http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/37281/jonathan-frid-reprises-role-barnabas-collins-dark-shadows-audio-return. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
- ^ Woman, The (2011-07-23). "San Diego Comic-Con 2011: Dark Shadows Panel Highlights; Original Cast Cameos Confirmed for Tim Burton's Dark Shadows Film". Dreadcentral.com. http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/45908/san-diego-comic-con-2011-dark-shadows-panel-highlights-original-cast-cameos-confirmed-tim. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
- ^ a b Fox, Margalit (April 20, 2012). "Jonathan Frid, Ghoulish ‘Dark Shadows’ Star, Is Dead at 87". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/20/arts/television/jonathan-frid-ghoulish-dark-shadows-star-dies-at-87.html.
- ^ Finn, Natalie (April 19, 2012). "Johnny Depp Remembers Dark Shadows' Jonathan Frid: 'His Elegance and Grace Was an Inspiration'". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/news/johnny_depp_remembers_dark_shadows/310236.
- ^ Boucher, Geoff (April 19, 2012). "Johnny Depp: ‘Shadows’ star Jonathan Frid was ‘elegant, magical’". Los Angeles Times. http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2012/04/19/johnny-depp-shadows-star-jonathan-frid-was-elegant-magical/.
- ^ "Jonathan Frid, actor in classic vampire soap opera “Dark Shadows”, dies at 87". Associated Press via The Washington Post. April 19, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/jonathan-frid-actor-in-classic-vampire-soap-opera-dark-shadows-dies-at-87/2012/04/19/gIQAUl5pTT_story.html.
- ^ Oldenburg, Ann (April 19, 2012). "Jonathan Frid, original Barnabas Collins, dies". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2012/04/original-barnabas-collins-jonathan-frid-dark-shadows-dies/1.
- ^ Breznican, Anthony (April 19, 2012). "Jonathan Frid, original 'Dark Shadows' star, dies at 87". Entertainment Weekly. http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/04/19/jonathan-frid-original-dark-shadows-star-dies-at-87/.
- ^ Pearson, Mike (April, 19, 2012). "Remembering Jonathan Frid". Hamilton Community News (Hamilton, Ontario). Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. http://www.hamiltonnews.com/news/remembering-jonathan-frid/.
- ^ Russell, Rhiannon (April 19, 2012). "Frid’s character to live on: Hamilton actor helped make 1960s Dark Shadows a cult classic". The Hamilton Spectator. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. http://www.thespec.com/whatson/article/708247--frid-s-character-to-live-on.
- ^ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (April 19, 2012). "Jonathan Frid, who played Barnabas Collins in 'Dark Shadows' show, dead at 87". Today official site. http://theclicker.today.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/19/11287058-jonathan-frid-who-played-barnabas-collins-in-dark-shadows-show-dead-at-87.
- ^ Hinckley, David. "Jonathan Frid, star of the original ‘Dark Shadows,' dead at 87, just weeks before movie version hits theaters". Daily News (New York City). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/television/jonathan-frid-star-original-dark-shadows-dead-87-weeks-movie-version-hits-theaters-article-1.1064327.
External links[link]
- Jonathan Frid (official site). Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.
- Jonathan Frid at the Internet Movie Database
- Jonathan Frid at the Internet Broadway Database
- Jonathan Frid at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Frid, John Herbert |
| Alternative names | Jonathan Frid |
| Short description | Canadian actor, theatre director |
| Date of birth | 1924-12-02 |
| Place of birth | Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
| Date of death | 2012-04-14 |
| Place of death | Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
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Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Jonathan Frid
http://nl.wn.com/Jonathan Frid
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Frid
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2008) |
| Lita Ford | |
|---|---|
 Lita Ford in 2009 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Carmelita Rossana Ford |
| Also known as | Lita, Lita Ford |
| Born | (1958-09-18) 18 September 1958 (age 53) London, England |
| Genres | Heavy metal, hard rock |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 1976–1995, 2008–present |
| Labels | Mercury, RCA, JLRG Entertainment |
| Associated acts | The Runaways, Ozzy Osbourne, Nitro |
| Website | litafordonline.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| B.C. Rich Warlock, Gibson Explorer | |
Lita Rossanna Ford (born 19 September 1958)[1][2] is a British-born, American rock musician and singer who was the lead guitarist for The Runaways and achieved popularity for her solo career between the 1980s and early 2010s.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Lita Ford was born Lita Rossana Ford to a British father and an Italian mother in London, England. She moved with her family to the United States at the age of 4 and began playing the guitar at the age of 11. Her vocal range is mezzo-soprano.[3]
In 1975 at the age of 16 she joined the all-female rock band The Runaways, for whom she played lead guitar. They then scored a record deal and released their first album in 1976.
The Runaways[link]
It was not long before the all-girl formation caught the eye of the media. Lita Ford's guitar skills made her a driving force in the band and a permanent member from her arrival to the band's eventual break-up.
In 1979, disagreements were erupting within the band, who had since parted ways with producer Kim Fowley, lead singer Cherie Currie and bassist Jackie Fox. Rhythm guitarist Joan Jett wanted the band to shift more towards Ramones-influenced punk music while Ford and drummer Sandy West wanted to continue playing hard rock-oriented songs.[4] With neither side being able to compromise, the band finally broke up that year.[4]
Solo career[link]
After the group split in 1979, Ford began a solo career. Her first album Out for Blood as well as the title single were released in 1983 and failed on the charts. The next effort, 1984's Dancin' on the Edge achieved moderate success. It included the single "Fire In My Heart" which reached the Top 10 in several countries but not the US. The next single "Gotta Let Go" was one of Ford's biggest hits. It reached Number One on the Mainstream Rock charts.
Ford toured extensively and made several guest appearances on TV shows for the next four years, but had no releases; a follow-up to Dancin' On The Edge, titled The Bride Wore Black, was abandoned and never released because Ford did not like the production of the album and this upset the head of her record label, leading to Ford switching from Mercury Records to RCA Records. The artist has described the album as being in "Label hell! Who knows what shelf that is sitting on!"[5]
By the time Ford returned again, the lighter pop-metal she had long favoured had broken through to mainstream audiences, which set the stage for her most commercially successful album, 1988's Lita. With Sharon Osbourne as her manager, and again produced by herself, the album featured four commercial hits, including "Kiss Me Deadly", "Back To The Cave", "Close My Eyes Forever", and "Falling In And Out Of Love" (co-written with Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe). The ballad "Close My Eyes Forever", a duet with Sharon's husband Ozzy Osbourne, was her only Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 hit, reaching #8.
Her next release was called Stiletto. It featured the singles "Hungry" and "Lisa" (the second was dedicated to her mother). However this album was not as successful as Dancin' On The Edge and Lita.
Ford's next release was Dangerous Curves, which featured her last charting single "Shot Of Poison". Ford's last release would be with ZYX Records and would be titled Black. It failed to repeat the success of 1991's Dangerous Curves.
During her solo years, she was an endorser of B.C. Rich guitars and used Warlock, Eagle, Mockingbird and Bich single and double-neck models.
Ford appears in the 1992 film Highway to Hell as 'The Hitchhiker'. Ford was also asked by VH-1 to be in the cast of The Surreal Life for its 7th season, in 2007. She declined.
Return to stage, new album and tour 2008-2009[link]
In June 2008, Ford and her new solo band played several warm-up gigs prior to Rocklahoma under the name Kiss Me Deadly in the New York City area.[6]
In June 2009, she began touring the US and Europe, with a new line-up consisting of Ron 'Bumblefoot' Thal (Guns N' Roses guitarist, 2006–present) on guitar, Dennis Leeflang (Bumblefoot drummer) and PJ Farley on bass (Trixter, Ra) and Michael T. Ross (Angel/XYZ).
Ford released a new album Wicked Wonderland on 6 October 2009 via JLRG Entertainment.[7]
In an interview with ExclusiveMagazine.com, talking about her new album Wicked Wonderland, Ford revealed the reason why its sound is heavier than the 80s music she once used to put out - "I just wanted to kick ass! I don’t know what’s popular, or the flavour of the day. I just wanted the music to ROCK! The lyrics are very personal and that’s it. I wasn’t going to come out in sandals with hairy armpits!".[8]
Ford contributed her likeness and voice to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 video game, Brütal Legend. She appears as the character Rima, alongside Jack Black, Tim Curry, Ozzy Osbourne, Rob Halford, and Lemmy Kilmister. Her song "Betrayal" is also one of the 100+ songs that appear in the game.
In 2010, Ford was portrayed by actress Scout Taylor-Compton in the movie The Runaways.
In May 2011 Ford promised a "real comeback album" later in the year, saying the last one, Wicked Wonderland, recorded with Jim Gillette (to whom she was married at the time) was too much of a collective project. "A lot of people have told me that they want a real Lita album, and I know what they mean. They are going to get it," she said.[9]
Personal life[link]
In the mid-1980s, Ford was romantically involved with, and briefly engaged to, guitarist Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath.[10][11] He co-produced her album The Bride Wore Black, which to date remains unreleased. Ford said in a 1989 Kerrang! interview, "there's a certain amount of bad blood between Tony Iommi and I."
Ford married former Nitro singer Jim Gillette in 1994, after knowing each other for two weeks. They have two sons, James and Rocco Gillette. The family moved to Turks and Caicos, where Gillette has a successful building and real estate developing business.[12] In a February 2011 radio interview, Lita Ford acknowledged that she and Gillette were divorcing.[13] The family was in negotiations for a reality TV show, tentatively titled "The Gillettes: An Extreme American Family" on TLC, but they ended due to the impending divorce. In a March 2011 interview on the Classic Rock Revisited website, Ford claimed that she had taken a business trip to Los Angeles to discuss the reality show with TLC executives, and returned home to find her husband and sons not speaking to her. She also claimed that her sons physically attacked her, egged on by Gillette, which was when she decided to divorce Gillette and cancel the reality series.[14]
Tributes[link]
An achievement in the Xbox 360 version of the video game Guitar Hero II, is titled the "Joan & Lita Award" in tribute to Lita and Joan Jett. It is awarded to two players who can get a 100 note streak in cooperative mode.
Ford lent her appearance and likeness to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 videogame Brütal Legend as Rima, Queen of the Zaulia beast-riders. In addition, the character Lita Halford was named after both Ford and Rob Halford, who also provides a voice in the game.[15]
Her song, "Close My Eyes Forever", was included in Karaoke Revolution: American Idol Encore.
The song "Kiss Me Deadly" was covered in a compilation album called Viva La Internet/Blank CD by Reel Big Fish.
She was played by actress Scout Taylor Compton in the 2010 film The Runaways.
Discography[link]
See also: The Runaways#Discography
Studio albums[link]
| Year | Album details | Peak chart positions | Certifications (sales threshold) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK [16] |
US [17] |
US Indie [18] |
NZ [19] |
SWE [20] |
SWI [21] |
||||
| 1983 | Out for Blood
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1984 | Dancin' on the Edge
|
96 | 66 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1988 | Lita
|
58 | 29 | — | 45 | — | — | ||
| 1990 | Stiletto
|
66 | 52 | — | — | 36 | 26 | ||
| 1991 | Dangerous Curves
|
51 | 132 | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1995 | Black
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2009 | Wicked Wonderland
|
— | — | 38 | — | — | — | ||
| 2012 | Living Like A Runaway
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||||||
Live albums[link]
- Greatest Hits Live! (2000)
Compilation albums[link]
- The Best of Lita Ford (1992)
- Greatest Hits (1999)
- Platinum and Gold Collection - The Best of Lita Ford (2004)
Other appearances[link]
- " Herman's Head Season 2 Episode 24 "Love Me Two Timer" May 2, 1993 as herself
- "I'll Be Home for Christmas" with Twisted Sister on A Twisted Christmas (2006)
- "Brütal Legend" Video Game (2009)
- " Big Time Rush Big Time Moms Mothers Day Special 2011, appearing as herself
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Certifications (sales threshold) |
Album | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [24] |
US Main [25] |
NZ [26] |
UK [16] |
SWE [27] |
|||||
| 1983 | "Out for Blood" | — | — | — | — | — | Out for Blood | ||
| "Dressed to Kill" | — | — | — | — | — | Dancin' on the Edge | |||
| 1984 | "Fire In My Heart" | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Gotta Let Go" | — | — | — | 94 | — | ||||
| 1988 | "Kiss Me Deadly" | 12 | 40 | 21 | 75 | — | Lita | ||
| "Back to the Cave" | — | 22 | — | — | — | ||||
| 1989 | "Close My Eyes Forever" (with Ozzy Osbourne) | 8 | 25 | 16 | 47 | 14 | |||
| "Falling In and Out of Love" | — | 37 | — | — | — | ||||
| 1990 | "Hungry" | 98 | 14 | — | 76 | — | Stiletto | ||
| "Lisa" | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 1991 | "Shot of Poison" | 45 | 21 | — | 63 | — | Dangerous Curves | ||
| 1992 | "Playing with Fire" | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Larger Than Life" | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 1995 | "Killin' Kind" | — | — | — | — | — | Black | ||
| 2009 | "Crave" | — | — | — | — | — | Wicked Wonderland | ||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||||||
Tours[link]
- 1981 - Queens of Rock Tour with Joan Jett and Sandy West
- 1982 - Rulers of Metal Tour with Black Sabbath
- 1983 - Out For Blood Tour with Scandal, Wes Luthor, and Tony Schladora
- 1984 - Dressed To Kill Tour with Anthrax, The Johnson Brothers Band, Metal Mania
- 1985 - Central & South America Tour with Soundgarden
- 1986 - Wild Tour with several local bands opening at different venues
- 1986 - Metal Rulz Tour with Poison, Mötley Crüe, Judas Priest, Iron Maiden, Ozzy Osbourne
- 1988 - If You Can't Lick 'Em...Lick 'Em Tour with Ted Nugent
- 1988 - Open Up and Say . . . Ahh! Tour with Poison, Britny Fox
- 2009 - American Soldier Tour with Queensrÿche
- 2012 - "Rock Of Ages Tour" with Def Leppard, and Poison (band)
References[link]
- ^ "Lita Ford." Contemporary Musicians. Vol. 9. Detroit: Gale, 1993. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 24 Aug. 2011.
- ^ "Lita Ford." Almanac of Famous People. Gale, 2011. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 24 Aug. 2011.
- ^ Martin, Bill (2002). Pro Secrets Of Heavy Rock Singing. Sanctuary Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 1-86074-437-0.
- ^ a b Sherman, Dale. 20th Century Rock And Roll : Women In Rock. Collector's Guide Publishing, inc, p53
- ^ Trunk, Russel A.; "Lita Ford: Desert Island Diva", Exclusive Magazine
- ^ "Eddie Trunk". Eddie Trunk. http://www.eddietrunk.com/index.cfm/pk/view/cd/NAA/cdid/402306/pid/401816. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ Price, Jason (2008-11-12). "Lita Ford: The Next Chapter In Her Rockin' History". Live-Metal.net. http://www.live-metal.net/interviews_litaford.html. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
- ^ Russell A. Trunk. "Lita Ford - ‘Desert Island Diva!’". Exclusive Magazine. http://www.annecarlini.com/ex_interviews.php?id=1017. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- ^ LITA FORD: New Video Interview Posted Online. - May 17, 2011.
- ^ "IMDB Page- Tony Iommi". http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0409546/bio. Retrieved 7/26/11.
- ^ "Lita Ford History: Sleaze Roxx". http://www.sleazeroxx.com/bands/fordlita/litaford.shtml. Retrieved 7/26/11.
- ^ "Colonies and Territories". Outpostmagazine.com. 2009-03-20. http://outpostmagazine.com/tanyourmind/story.php?title=colonies-and-territories&user=ryan. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ "Lita Ford interview". Ultimate-guitar.com. 2011-01-26. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/soundcheck/lita_ford_ugly_divorce_inspired_new_albums_lyrics.html. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ "Lita Ford interview". Classicrockrevisited.com. http://www.classicrockrevisited.com/interviewLitaFord.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ "Brutal Legend Video Game, E3 09: Trailer | Video Clip | Game Trailers & Videos". GameTrailers.com. 2009-06-03. http://www.gametrailers.com/video/e3-09-brutal-legend/50432. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ a b "Chart Stats - Lita Ford". chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=4104. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "Lita Ford Album & Song Chart History - Billboard 200". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/lita-ford/chart-history/4649?f=305&g=Albums. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "Lita Ford Album & Song Chart History - Independent Albums". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/lita-ford/chart-history/4649?f=326&g=Albums. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "charts.org.nz - New Zealand charts portal". charts.org.nz. http://www.charts.org.nz/search.asp?cat=a&search=lita+ford. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "swedishcharts.com - Swedish charts portal". swedishcharts.com. http://www.swedishcharts.com/search.asp?cat=a&search=lita+ford. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "Die Offizielle Schweizer Hitparade und Music Community". hitparade.ch. http://hitparade.ch/search.asp?cat=a&search=lita+ford. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum - September 17, 2010: Lita Ford certified albums". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Lita%20Ford&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum". Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "Lita Ford Album & Song Chart History - Hot 100". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/lita-ford/chart-history/4649. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "allmusic ((( Lita Ford > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles )))". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4295. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "charts.org.nz - New Zealand charts portal". charts.org.nz. http://www.charts.org.nz/search.asp?search=lita+ford&cat=s. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "swedishcharts.com - Swedish charts portal". swedishcharts.com. http://www.swedishcharts.com/search.asp?search=lita+ford&cat=s. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum - September 18, 2010: Lita Ford certified singles". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Lita%20Ford&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lita Ford |
- Official website
- Lita Ford at the Internet Movie Database
- Lita Ford on Myspace
- Sleaze Roxx 2009 interview
- RMAX International Magazine interview
- Lita Ford at Legacy Recordings
- Lita Ford Interview at UnRatedMagazine.com, June 2009
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ford, Lita |
| Alternative names | Ford, Lita Rosanna |
| Short description | Musician, Songwriter |
| Date of birth | 1958-11-23 |
| Place of birth | London, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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http://fr.wn.com/Lita Ford
http://pt.wn.com/Lita Ford
http://de.wn.com/Lita Ford
http://it.wn.com/Lita Ford
http://pl.wn.com/Lita Ford
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http://es.wn.com/Lita Ford
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lita_Ford
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
