- published: 24 Dec 2010
- views: 3582
- author: togoforum
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
More Videos
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Abidjan Department
- Abidjan University
- Abobo
- Aboisso-Comoé
- Adama Dahico
- Addah
- Adessé
- Adjamé
- Adrienne Koutouan
- Adzopé
- African French
- African Super Cup
- Agboville
- Ahouanou
- Air Afrique
- Air Ivoire
- Akan people
- Akissi Delta
- Akoupé-Zeudji
- Akouré
- Akradio
- Aldo Spirito
- Aleppo
- Alfortville
- Allosso 2
- Alpha Blondy
- Alépé
- Alépé Department
- Amina (magazine)
- Anyama
- ASEC Mimosas
- Attecoubé
- Attiguéhi
- Attinguié
- Attiékoi
- Attécoubé
- Aïcha Koné
- Bacanda
- Barclays
- Benin
- Binao-Boussoué
- Bingerville
- Biétry
- Blokosso
- BOAD
- Bolloré
- Botindé
- Bouar
- Bouboury
- Boulogne-Billancourt
- Bramokoté
- Brofodoumé
- Bronx-Barbès
- Burkina Faso
- Bétika
- CAF Champions League
- CAF Confederations
- CFA francs
- Charles de Gaulle
- Chemical industry
- Christian-Jaque
- Citibank
- Cocody
- Cocody'
- Colombia
- Cosrou
- Coupé Décalé
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Dabou
- Dabou Department
- Dakar
- Danger Permanent
- Danguira
- Dermatology
- Deux Plateaux
- Dioula language
- Dioulo Emmanuel
- Djibouti
- Douk Saga
- Douze (journal)
- Ebonou
- EFYM
- Eliane Delatour
- Eloka
- Embassy
- Ethnicity
- FC Satellite
- Food processing
- Francophone
- Francophone Africa
- François Amichia
- François Mitterrand
- Fraternité Matin
- French West Africa
- Félicité Wouassi
- Gallieni
- Gbich
- Ghana
- Gil Delamare
- Gilles Touré
- GMT
- Goethe Institute
- Gomon, Côte d'Ivoire
- Grand Alépé
- Grand Lahou
- Grand-Bassam
- Grand-Lahou
- Guinea
- Gulf of Guinea
- Henry Chomette
- Hortense Aka-Anghui
- Hydrocarbures
- Indonesia
- Internet-cafés
- Irobo
- Ivoir' Soir
- Ivoire
- Ivory Coast
- Jacqueville
- Jean Lefebvre
- Jean Marais
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa
- Jean-Marc Guillou
- JetSet
- Jimmy Danger
- JPMorgan Chase & Co.
- Kalys Engineering
- Ki Yi M'Bock
- Kinshasa
- Kodiossou
- Kondiébouma
- Kossandji
- Kossihouen
- Koumassi
- Koyékro
- Krumen people
- Kumasi
- L'Inter
- Lagos
- Lagunes
- Lagunes Region
- Laurent Gbagbo
- Le Front (journal)
- Le Jour (journal)
- Le nouveau réveil
- Le Patriote(journal)
- Le Plateau
- Le Plateau, Abidjan
- Le Sixième doigt
- Le Temps (journal)
- Le virus
- Libreville
- Lighthouse
- Liselotte Pulver
- Lopou
- Lumber
- Léléblé
- Magic System
- Mahogany
- Mali
- Mandé peoples
- Marcory
- Maria Grazia Buccela
- Marie-Louise Asseu
- Marseille
- Meiway
- Memni
- Metropolitan area
- Michel Bohiri
- Michel Gohou
- Mille Maquis
- Monga, Côte d'Ivoire
- Montreal
- Morokro
- Myriam Makeba
- N'Djamena
- Nancy Holloway
- National museum
- Niamey
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Nigui Assoko
- Nigui Saff
- Nord-Sud
- Notre Voie
- N’douci
- N’Zianouan
- Official language
- Oghlwapo
- Oil refinery
- Optometry
- Oral tradition
- Orbaff
- ORSTOM
- Ouagadougou
- Pacobo
- Parc du Banco
- Pasteur Institute
- PDCI-RDA
- Pediatrics
- Philippe Clay
- Pierre Laba
- Plateau, Abidjan
- Pontault-Combault
- Pope John Paul II
- Port Bouet Airport
- Port Bouët
- Port-Bouet
- Port-Bouët
- Racetrack
- Rainforest
- Refining
- Rio-Sports d'Anyama
- Riviera
- Robert Dalban
- RTI Music Awards
- RTI Music TV
- Rue Princesse (film)
- Rugby football
- Sahuyé
- San Francisco
- Satire
- Sea port
- Seaport
- Sikensi
- Sikensi Department
- Sitarail
- Slum
- Soir Info
- Sokrogbo
- Songon
- Stade Auguste Denise
- Stade d'Abidjan
- Stade INJS
- Stella Club d'Adjamé
- São Paulo
- Tam-Tam TV
- Team handball
- The Goethe Institute
- The MASA Festival
- The Sports Palace
- Theobroma cacao
- Tiagba
- Tianjin
- Tiassalé
- Tiassalé Department
- Tiken Jah Fakoly
- Time zone
- Tom-toms
- Toukouzou
- Toupah
- Treichville
- Tshala Muana
- Tunisia
- UNFPA
- UNICEF
- University of Cocody
- UNOPS
- UTC+0
- Vridi
- Vridi Canal
- Wharf
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Williamsville
- World Bank
- World Food Program
- Yamoussoukro
- Yellow fever
- Yopougon
- Youpougon
- Ébrié
- Ébrié Lagoon
- Île Boulay
-
Abidjan
Abidjan is the economic and former official capital of Côte d'Ivoire, while the current capital is Yamoussoukro. As of 2011[update] it was the largest city in the nation and the third-largest French-speaking city in the world, after Paris and Kinshasa, but before Montreal. It has, according to the authorities of the country in 2006, 5,068,858 residents in the metropolitan area and 3,796,677 residents in the municipality. Only Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, has a larger number of inhabitants in this region. Considered a cultural hub of West Africa, Abidjan is characterized by a high level of industrialization and urbanization. The city stands in Ébrié Lagoon, on several converging peninsulas and islands, connected by bridges.
The city grew after the construction of a new wharf in 1931 and its designation as the capital of the then French colony in 1933. The completion of the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled it to become an important sea port. In 1983, Yamoussoukro was designated as the nation's capital, but most government offices and foreign embassies are still in Abidjan.
wn.com/Abidjan -
Abobo
Abobo is a northern suburb of Abidjan and urban commune of this city in Côte d'Ivoire. Abobo is one of the most populated communes in the country with about 1,500,000 inhabitants in an area of 9,000 ha (90 km2), a density of 167 inhabitants per hectare. It is home to a railway station located on the road linking Côte d'Ivoire to Burkina Faso, and a bus station. Many of the residents are Muslim religion settlers from the north of the country.
Its mayor, elected in municipal elections of March 2001 is Adama Toungara who succeeded Koné Gogé. Among their predecessors, between 1985 and 1990 was the writer Aké Loba.
The Université d'Abobo-Adjamé is located in the commune.
Many violent clashes took place here between security forces and civilians during the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and Second Ivorian Civil War.
wn.com/Abobo -
Addah
Addah is a coastal town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Addah -
Adessé
Adessé is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Adessé -
Adjamé
Adjamé is a quarter and commune within the département of Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire, forming a part of the metropolitan area of Abidjan.
wn.com/Adjamé -
Adzopé
Coordinates: 6°10′N 3°59′W / 6.167°N 3.983°W / 6.167; -3.983
Adzopé is a town in Adzopé Department of Côte d'Ivoire. It is located in Agnéby Region. It has a population of 61,884.
wn.com/Adzopé -
Agboville
Agboville is a town in Agboville Department of Côte d'Ivoire, and located in Agnéby Region. It is near to Abidjan. The local ethnic group is called Abbey. Abbey is one of over 60 ethnic groups represented in Côte d'Ivoire. The Abbey people have many traditions related to family and friends. One important holiday for the Abbeys is "La fete des ignames" or the "Yam Festival". Historically, La Fete des ignames is a celebration of a good harvest of yams because yams have been the greatest resource for the Abbey region of Agboville.
The town is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Agboville.
Agboville is served by a station on the national railway system.
wn.com/Agboville -
Ahouanou
Ahouanou is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Ahouanou -
Akouré
Akouré is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°23′N 3°45′W / 5.383°N 3.75°W / 5.383; -3.75
wn.com/Akouré -
Akradio
Akradio is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°26′N 4°22′W / 5.433°N 4.367°W / 5.433; -4.367
wn.com/Akradio -
Aleppo
Aleppo (Arabic: حلب Ḥalab [ˈħalæb], other names) is the largest city in Syria and the capital of Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an official population of 2,132,100 (2004 census), it is also one of the largest cities in the Levant. For centuries, Aleppo was Greater Syria's largest city and the Ottoman Empire's third, after Constantinople and Cairo. Although relatively close to Damascus in distance, Aleppo is distinct in identity, architecture and culture, all shaped by a markedly different history and geography.
Aleppo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world; it has been inhabited since perhaps as early as the 6th millennium BC. Excavations at Tell as-Sawda and Tell al-Ansari, just south of the old city of Aleppo, show that the area was occupied since at least the latter part of the 3rd millennium BC; and this is also when Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebla and Mesopotamia, in which it is noted for its commercial and military proficiency. Such a long history is probably due to its being a strategic trading point midway between the Mediterranean Sea and Mesopotamia.
wn.com/Aleppo -
Alfortville
Coordinates: 48°48′18″N 2°25′26″E / 48.805°N 2.4239°E / 48.805; 2.4239
Alfortville (French pronunciation: [al.fɔʁ.vil]) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 7.6 km (4.7 mi) from the center of Paris.
The commune of Alfortville was created on 1 April 1885 by detaching its territory from the commune of Maisons-Alfort.
Alfortville is served by two stations on Paris RER line D: Maisons-Alfort – Alfortville and Le Vert de Maisons.
Alfortville is located at only 500 meters from the metro station Ecole vétérinaire de Maisons Alfort on Paris Métro Line 8
Alfortville is twinned with:
There is also a twinning convention with the Armenian region of Ashtarak since 1993.
Armenian community of Alfortville is very significant. There is an Armenian Apostolic Church located south of the city. It's an important place for the Armenian community, which is very significant in Alfortville.
Alfortville is twinning convention with the Armenian cities of Ashtarak (since 1993), Oshakan (since 2001).
wn.com/Alfortville -
Allosso 2
Allosso 2 is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Allosso_2 -
Alépé
Alépé is a town in Alépé Department of Côte d'Ivoire (the Ivory Coast). It is part of Lagunes Region.
wn.com/Alépé -
Anyama
Anyama is a suburb of the Côte d'Ivoire capital of Abidjan, lying around 20 km (10 mi) north of the city. It has its own football club, the Rio Sport d'Anyama, and a population of roughly 100,000. Ivory Coast football internationals Gervinho and Arouna Koné were born in Anyama.
wn.com/Anyama -
Attecoubé
Attecoubé is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Attecoubé -
Attiguéhi
Attiguéhi is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Attiguéhi -
Attinguié
Attinguié is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°28′N 4°11′W / 5.467°N 4.183°W / 5.467; -4.183
wn.com/Attinguié -
Attiékoi
Attiékoi is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°32′N 3°58′W / 5.533°N 3.967°W / 5.533; -3.967
wn.com/Attiékoi -
Bacanda
Bacanda is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°38′N 4°53′W / 5.633°N 4.883°W / 5.633; -4.883
wn.com/Bacanda -
Benin
Benin
i/bɨˈniːn/ (formerly, Dahomey), officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, by Nigeria to the east and by Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. A majority of the population live on its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in Cotonou, the country's largest city. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 9.05 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming.
The official language of Benin is French, however, indigenous languages such as Fon and Yoruba are commonly spoken. The largest religious group in Benin is Roman Catholicism, followed closely by Islam, Vodun and Protestantism. Benin is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, La Francophonie, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Petroleum Producers Association and the Niger Basin Authority.
wn.com/Benin -
Bingerville
Bingerville is a city in south eastern Côte d'Ivoire, lying on the Ébrié Lagoon. Originally a market town, it grew as the capital of the then colony from 1909 until 1934. It is named after Louis-Gustave Binger, a former French colonial governor. 2005 estimates place the town's population at 83,105.
Many colonial buildings survive in the town, which is also known for its botanical gardens.
Bingerville is home to the Military Academy known as EMPT (Ecole Militaire Preparatoire Technique).
wn.com/Bingerville -
Botindé
Botindé is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°46′N 4°45′W / 5.767°N 4.75°W / 5.767; -4.75
wn.com/Botindé -
Bouar
Bouar is a market town in the western Central African Republic, lying on the main road from Bangui (437 km) to the frontier with Cameroon (210 km). The city has a population of 40,353, while the whole sous-préfecture has a population of 96,595 (2003 census) and is the capital of Nana-Mambéré prefecture. Bouar lies on a plateau almost 1000m above sea level and is known as the site of the Camp Leclerc French military base. Bouar was ceded by France to Germany under the terms of the 1911 Morocco-Congo Treaty, becoming part of the German colony of Neukamerun until it was reconquered by the French during World War I. In 1978 the city was made the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bouar.
Bouar is also the headquarters of the Eglise Evangelique Lutherienne en la Republique Centrafricaine (Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Central African Republic).
About seventy groups of astronomical megaliths lie in the area of the town and to its north and east. These sites were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on April 11, 2006 in the Cultural category.
wn.com/Bouar -
Bouboury
Bouboury is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°20′N 4°28′W / 5.333°N 4.467°W / 5.333; -4.467
wn.com/Bouboury -
Brofodoumé
Brofodoumé is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°30′N 3°56′W / 5.5°N 3.933°W / 5.5; -3.933
wn.com/Brofodoumé -
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso (
i/bərˌkiːnə ˈfɑːsoʊ/ bər-KEE-nə FAH-soh; French: [buʁkina faso]) – also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest. The country's capital is Ouagadougou.
Its size is 274,200 square kilometres (105,900 sq mi) with an estimated population of more than 15,757,000. Formerly called the Republic of Upper Volta, it was renamed on 4 August 1984, by President Thomas Sankara, to mean "the land of upright people" in Mòoré and Dioula, the major native languages of the country. Figuratively, "Burkina" may be translated, "men of integrity", from the Mòoré language, and "Faso" means "fatherland" in Dioula. The inhabitants of Burkina Faso are known as Burkinabè (
/bərˈkiːnəbeɪ/ bər-KEE-nə-bay).
Burkina Faso was populated between 14,000 and 5000 BC by hunter-gatherers in the country's northwestern region. Farm settlements appeared between 3600 and 2600 BC. What is now central Burkina Faso was principally composed of Mossi kingdoms. These Mossi Kingdoms would become a French protectorate in 1896. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the country underwent many governmental changes until arriving at its current form, a semi-presidential republic. The president is Blaise Compaoré.
wn.com/Burkina_Faso -
Cocody
Cocody, is an upmarket suburb of Abidjan, marked by its abundance of mansions. Cocody is where most of the wealthy business people, ambassadors, and other affluent people live. The Université de Cocody [1] is located in Cocody.
Additionally, a native food of Côte d'Ivoire, the alloco, can be purchased here at the allocodrome de Cocody.
In 1965 a film was released entitled Man from Cocody.
Alpha Blondy wrote a song about Cocody, called Cocody Rock.
Coordinates: 5°21′N 3°59′W / 5.35°N 3.983°W / 5.35; -3.983
wn.com/Cocody -
Colombia
Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ kə-LUM-biə, or /kəˈlɒmbiə/ kə-LOM-biə), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia [reˈpuβlika ðe koˈlombja]), is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia has maritime borders with Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Colombia is the 26th largest country by area and the fourth largest in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru. With over 46 million people, Colombia is the 27th largest country in the world by population and has the second largest population of any Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico. Colombia is a middle power, with the fourth largest economy in Latin America, and the third largest in South America. Colombia is famous for the production of coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal, and oil. All of these products make up the primary sector of economy.
wn.com/Colombia -
Cosrou
Cosrou is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°19′N 4°40′W / 5.317°N 4.667°W / 5.317; -4.667
wn.com/Cosrou -
Dabou
Dabou is a town in Dabou Department of Côte d'Ivoire, located in the country's Lagunes Region. Dabou is also the port city that dominates that department. The area is served by Dabou Airport.
wn.com/Dabou -
Dakar
Dakar is the capital city and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert Peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city on the African mainland. Its position, on the western edge of Africa, is an advantageous departure point for trans-Atlantic and European trade; this fact aided its growth into a major regional port.
According to December 31, 2005 official estimates, the city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million people.
Dakar is a major administrative centre, home to the National Assembly of Senegal and Senegal's President's Palace.
The Cape Verde Peninsula was settled, no later than the 15th century, by the Lebou, an ethnic group related to the neighboring Wolof and Sereer. The original villages: Ouakam, Ngor, Yoff and Hann, still constitute distinctively Lebou neighborhoods of the city today. Meanwhile, in 1444, the Portuguese arrived on the island of Gorée and founded a settlement there. By 1536, they had begun using it as a base for the export of slaves. The mainland of Cap-Vert, however, was under control of the Jolof Empire, as part of the western province of Cayor which seceded from Jolof in its own right in 1549. A new Lebou village, called Ndakaaru, was established directly across from Gorée in the 17th century to service the European trading factory with food and drinking water. Gorée was captured by the United Netherlands in 1588, which gave it its present name (spelled Goeree, after Goeree-Overflakkee in Holland). The island was to switch hands between the Portuguese and Dutch several more times before falling to the English under Admiral Robert Holmes on January 23, 1664, and finally to the French in 1677. Though under continuous French administration since, Métis families, descendant from Dutch and French traders and African wives, dominated the slave trade. The infamous "House of Slaves" was built here in 1776.
wn.com/Dakar -
Danguira
Danguira is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°40′N 3°46′W / 5.667°N 3.767°W / 5.667; -3.767
wn.com/Danguira -
Djibouti
Djibouti (Arabic: جيبوتي Jībūtī, French: Djibouti, Somali: Jabuuti, Afar: Gabuuti), officially the Republic of Djibouti (Arabic: جمهورية جيبوتي Jumhūriyyat Jībūtī, French: République de Djibouti, Afar: Gabuutih Ummuuno, Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti), is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti, which had a population of 818,159 at the 2009 census, is one of the least populous countries in Africa.Islam is the largest religion in the country, practiced by 94% of the population. The land was known as Obock and French Somaliland (Côte française des Somalis) in the 19th century; in 1967, it changed its name to Afars and Issas after new treaties with France. The territory was declared an independent nation in 1977 and changed its name to the "Republic of Djibouti" after its principal city. Djibouti joined the United Nations on September 20, 1977. While Djibouti is an independent sovereign state, it maintains deep French relations, and through various military and economic agreements with France, it receives continued security and economic assistance.
wn.com/Djibouti -
Ebonou
Ebonou is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°08′N 5°21′W / 5.133°N 5.35°W / 5.133; -5.35
wn.com/Ebonou -
Eloka
Eloka is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Eloka -
Ghana
Ghanai/ˈɡɑːnə/ is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The word Ghana means "Warrior King" and is derived from the ancient Ghana Empire.
Ghana was inhabited in pre-colonial times by a number of ancient predominantly Akan kingdoms, including the inland Ashanti Empire, the Akwamu, the Akyem, the Bonoman, the Denkyira, and the Fante among others. Non-Akan states created by the Ga also existed as did states by the Dagomba. Prior to contact with Europeans trade between the Akan and various African states flourished due to Akan's gold wealth. Trade with European states began after contact with the Portuguese in the 15th century, and the British established the Gold Coast Crown colony in 1874 over parts but not all of the country.
The Gold Coast achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957, becoming the First sub-Saharan African nation to do so from European Colonialism. The name Ghana was chosen for the new nation to reflect the ancient Empire of Ghana, which once extended throughout much of west Africa.
wn.com/Ghana -
Grand Alépé
Grand Alépé is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°28′N 3°46′W / 5.467°N 3.767°W / 5.467; -3.767
wn.com/Grand_Alépé -
Grand Lahou
Grand Lahou is a town in Grand Lahou Department of Côte d'Ivoire in Lagunes Region.
The town of Grand Lahou is situated where the Bandama River meets the Gulf of Guinea. It was occupied by the British, Germans and Dutch before the French developed it as a trading port from 1890. The original settlement on a sand bar is now almost abandoned, with the present town lying almost 20 km to the north. It is a popular base for visitors to the Assagny National Park.
wn.com/Grand_Lahou -
Guinea
Guineai/ˈɡɪni/, officially the Republic of Guinea (French: République de Guinée), is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea (Guinée française), it is today sometimes called Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbour Guinea-Bissau and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. Guinea has almost 246,000 square kilometres (94,981 sq mi) and a population of 10,057,975. It forms a crescent by curving from its western border on the Atlantic Ocean toward the east and the south. Its northern border is shared with Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, and Mali, the southern one with Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire. The Niger River's source is in the Guinea Highlands in southeastern Guinea.
Guinea is geographically divided into eight administrative regions and subdivided into thirty-three prefectures. Conakry is the capital, largest city and economic centre. The other major cities in the country include Kankan, Nzérékoré, Kindia, Labe, Guéckédou, Mamou and Boke.
Guinea's 10 million people belong to twenty-four ethnic groups. The largest and most prominent groups are the Fula 40%, Mandingo 30%, and Susu 20%.
wn.com/Guinea -
Gulf of Guinea
Coordinates: 1°0′N 4°0′E / 1°N 4°E / 1; 4
The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude) is in the gulf.
Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
The Niger River in particular deposited organic sediments out to sea over millions of years which became crude oil.[citation needed] The Gulf of Guinea region, along with the Congo River delta and Angola further south, are expected to provide around a quarter of the United States' oil imports by 2015.[citation needed] This region is now regarded as one of the world's top oil and gas exploration hotspots.[citation needed]
The origin of the name Guinea is thought to be an area in the region, although the specifics are disputed. Bovill (1995) gives a thorough description:
wn.com/Gulf_of_Guinea -
Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
wn.com/Indonesia -
Irobo
Irobo is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Irobo -
Ivory Coast
The Republic of Côte d'Ivoirei/ˌkoʊt dɨˈvwɑr/ (French: [kot d‿ivwaʁ]) or Ivory Coast i/ˌaɪvəri ˈkoʊst/ is a country in West Africa. It has an area of 322,462 square kilometres (124,503 sq mi), and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be 20,617,068 in 2009. Côte d'Ivoire's first national census in 1975 counted 6.7 million inhabitants.
Prior to its colonization by Europeans, Côte d'Ivoire was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. There were two Anyi kingdoms, Indénié and Sanwi, which attempted to retain their separate identity through the French colonial period and after Côte d'Ivoire's independence. An 1843–1844 treaty made Côte d'Ivoire a protectorate of France and in 1893, it became a French colony as part of the European scramble for Africa.
Côte d'Ivoire became independent on 7 August 1960. From 1960 to 1993, the country was led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny. It maintained close political and economic association with its West African neighbours, while at the same time maintaining close ties to the West, especially to France. Since the end of Houphouët-Boigny's rule, Côte d'Ivoire has experienced one coup d’état, in 1999, and a civil war, which broke out in 2002. A political agreement between the government and the rebels brought a return to peace. Côte d'Ivoire is a republic with a strong executive power invested in the President. Its de jure capital is Yamoussoukro and the biggest city is the port city of Abidjan. The country is divided into 19 regions and 81 departments. It is a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, African Union, La Francophonie, Latin Union, Economic Community of West African States and South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone.
wn.com/Ivory_Coast -
Jacqueville
Jacqueville is the chief town of Jaqueville Department of Côte d'Ivoire. Jacqueville Department is part of the Lagunes Region. The town of Jacqueville is so named because it was the first place in Côte d'Ivoire where the Union Flag was raised when the British originally occupied the country. It grew as a French colonial slave port, but is now primarily a fishing port and seaside resort.
It is virtually an island, separated from most of the country by the Ébrié Lagoon, its other shore being on the Gulf of Guinea. The only way to reach the island involves taking a ferry across the lagoon. Amongst other things Jacqueville is noteworthy for the local pineapples ("ananas sauvage") which are long narrow and have completely white and very sweet flesh. When nitrate fertilisers are used in their cultivation they become yellow and taste much more like a conventional pineapple.
The department of Jacqueville was created in 1997 and is located 60 km from Abidjan, the economic capital of the Ivory Coast.
wn.com/Jacqueville -
Kinshasa
Kinshasa (formerly French Léopoldville, and Dutch
Leopoldstad (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River.
Once a site of fishing villages, Kinshasa is now an urban area with a population of nearly 10 million inhabitants. It faces the capital of the neighbouring Republic of Congo, Brazzaville which can be seen in the distance across the wide Congo River. Because the administrative boundaries cover such a vast area, over 60% of the city's land is rural in nature, and the urban area only occupies a small section in the far western end of the province.
Kinshasa holds the status of the second largest city in Africa, after Cairo.
Residents of Kinshasa are known as Kinois (in French and sometimes in English) or Kinshasans (English).
The city was founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881 and named Léopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of Belgium, who controlled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, not as a colony but as a private property. The post flourished as the first navigable port on the Congo River above Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids over 300 kilometres (190 mi) below Leopoldville. At first, all goods arriving by sea or being sent by sea had to be carried by porters between Léopoldville and Matadi, the port below the rapids and 150 km (93 mi) from the coast. The completion of the Matadi-Kinshasa portage railway in 1898 provided a faster and more efficient alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the town of Boma in the Congo estuary.
wn.com/Kinshasa -
Kodiossou
Kodiossou is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°46′N 3°46′W / 5.767°N 3.767°W / 5.767; -3.767
wn.com/Kodiossou -
Kondiébouma
Kondiébouma is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 6°13′N 4°32′W / 6.217°N 4.533°W / 6.217; -4.533
wn.com/Kondiébouma -
Kossandji
Kossandji is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°50′N 3°37′W / 5.833°N 3.617°W / 5.833; -3.617
wn.com/Kossandji -
Kossihouen
Kossihouen is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Kossihouen -
Koumassi
Koumassi is a town and commune in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
It is one of four communes of Abidjan south of Ébrié Lagoon, the others being Treichville, Marcory and Port-Bouët.
Coordinates: 5°17′N 3°59′W / 5.283°N 3.983°W / 5.283; -3.983
wn.com/Koumassi -
Koyékro
Koyékro is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 6°09′N 4°45′W / 6.15°N 4.75°W / 6.15; -4.75
wn.com/Koyékro -
Kumasi
Kumasi (historically spelled Comassie[2]) is a city in southern central Ghana's Ashanti region. It is located near Lake Bosomtwe, in the Rain Forest Region about 250 kilometres (160 mi) (by road) northwest of Accra. Kumasi is approximately 300 miles (480 km) north of the Equator and 100 miles (160 km) north of the Gulf of Guinea. It is popularly known as "The Garden City" or "heart beat" of Ghana because of its many beautiful species of flowers and plants.
There is evidence that the area around Kumasi has been kept cleared since the Neolithic age.[citation needed] The city rose to prominence in 1695 when it became capital of the Ashanti Confederacy due to the activities of its ruler Osei Tutu. The ruler of Kumasi, known as the Asantehene, also served as ruler of the Confederacy. With their 1701 victory over Denkyira the Asante confederacy became the primary state among the Twi speaking Akan peoples. After this victory, the Ashanti became allies of the Dutch, who were based in Elmina. After the cession of the Dutch Gold Coast to the Fante-allied British in 1872, parts of Kumasi, including the Royal Palace, were destroyed by British troops in the Third Anglo-Ashanti War of 1874.
wn.com/Kumasi -
Lagos
Lagos (/ˈleɪɡɒs/ LAY-gos) is a port city and the most populous city in Nigeria. Officially, the population of Lagos was last recorded at 7,937,932. Lagos is the second fastest growing city in Africa and the 7th fastest in the world. Lagos was originally inhabited by the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba people. Under the leadership of their Olofin, the Awori moved to an island now called Iddo and then to the larger Lagos Island. In the 15th century, the Awori settlement was attacked by the Benin Empire following a quarrel, and the island became a Benin war-camp called "Eko" under Oba Orhogba, the Oba of Benin at the time.
Lagos is a huge metropolis which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon whilst protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja and Agege, now reaches more than 40 km north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.
wn.com/Lagos -
Lagunes
Lagunes (literally meaning "lagoons" in French) is one of the 19 regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The region's capital is Abidjan. Covering 14,200 km², its population (2002 est.) is 4,210,200.
The region is divided into six departments: Abidjan, Alépé, Dabou, Grand Lahou, Jacqueville and Tiassalé.
Lagunes is traversed by the northwesterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
Coordinates: 5°25′N 4°20′W / 5.417°N 4.333°W / 5.417; -4.333
wn.com/Lagunes -
Libreville
Libreville is the capital and largest city of Gabon, in west central Africa. The city is a port on the Komo River, near the Gulf of Guinea, and a trade center for a timber region. As of 2005, it has a population of 578,156.
The area was inhabited by the Mpongwé tribe long before the French acquired the land in 1839. In 1846, L'Elizia, a Brazilian ship carrying slaves for sale, was captured by the French navy near Loango. The slaves were freed and founded Libreville (French for "Freetown") in 1848. It was the chief port of French Equatorial Africa from 1934 to 1946 and was the central focus of the Battle of Gabon in 1940.
Libreville was named in imitation of Freetown and grew only slowly as a trading post and a minor administrative centre to a population of 32,000 on independence in 1960. It only received its first bank branch when Bank of West Africa (BAO) opened a branch in 1930. Since independence, the city has grown rapidly and now houses nearly half the national population.
From north to south, major districts of the city are the residential area Batterie IV, Quartier Louis (known for its nightlife), Mont-Bouët and Nombakélé (busy commercial areas), Glass (the first European settlement in Gabon), Oloumi (a major industrial area) and Lalala, a residential area. The city’s port and train station on the Trans-Gabon Railway line to Franceville lie in Owendo, south of the main built-up area. Inland from these districts lie poorer residential areas.
wn.com/Libreville -
Lopou
Lopou is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°25′N 4°28′W / 5.417°N 4.467°W / 5.417; -4.467
wn.com/Lopou -
Léléblé
Léléblé is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Léléblé -
Mali
Malii/ˈmɑːli/, officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali, French pronunciation: [maˈli]), is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with a population of 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Sénégal rivers. The country's economic structure centers around agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's natural resources are gold, uranium, livestock, and salt. About half the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.
Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (from which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a 1991 coup led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state. On 22 March, 2012, a group of junior soldiers seized control of the country's presidential palace and declared the government dissolved and its constitution suspended. On 6 April, 2012, rebels from the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) declared the secession of a new state, Azawad, from Mali.
wn.com/Mali -
Marcory
Marcory is a town and commune in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
It is one of four communes of Abidjan south of Ébrié Lagoon, the others being Treichville, Koumassi and Port-Bouët.
Coordinates: 5°18′N 4°00′W / 5.3°N 4°W / 5.3; -4
wn.com/Marcory -
Marseille
Coordinates: 43°17′47″N 5°22′12″E / 43.2964°N 5.37°E / 43.2964; 5.37
Marseille ( /mɑrˈseɪ/; also Marseilles in English; French: [maʁsɛj], locally: [mɑχˈsɛjə]; Occitan: Marselha [maʀˈsejɔ, maʀˈsijɔ]), known in antiquity as Massilia or Massalia (from Greek: Μασσαλία), is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of 240.62 km2 (93 sq mi). The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of 1,204 km2 (465 sq mi). 1,530,000 or 1,601,095 people live in the Marseille metropolitan area, ranking it third among French metropolitan areas after Paris and Lyon. Located on the southeast coast of France, Marseille is France's largest city on the Mediterranean coast and largest commercial port. Marseille is the capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, as well as the capital of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. Its inhabitants are called Marseillais.
Marseille is the second largest city in France after Paris and the centre of the third largest metropolitan area in France after Paris and Lyon. To the east, starting in the small fishing village of Callelongue on the outskirts of Marseille and stretching as far as Cassis, are the Calanques, a rugged coastal area interspersed with small fjords. Further east still are the Sainte-Baume, a 1,147 m (3,763 ft) mountain ridge rising from a forest of deciduous trees, the town of Toulon and the French Riviera. To the north of Marseille, beyond the low Garlaban and Etoile mountain ranges, is the 1,011 m (3,317 ft) Mont Sainte Victoire. To the west of Marseille is the former artists' colony of l'Estaque; further west are the Côte Bleue, the Gulf of Lion and the Camargue region in the Rhône delta. The airport lies to the north west of the city at Marignane on the Étang de Berre.
wn.com/Marseille -
Memni
Memni is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°30′N 3°45′W / 5.5°N 3.75°W / 5.5; -3.75
wn.com/Memni -
Montreal
Montreal (i/ˌmʌntriːˈɒl/;French: Montréal; pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal] (
listen)) is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the fifteenth largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", the city takes its present name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in Middle French (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.
As of May 10, 2011, Statistics Canada identifies Montreal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) (land area 4,259 square kilometres (1,644 sq mi)) as Canada's second most populous with an estimated metropolitan area population of 3,824,221 and a population of 1,886,481 in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, which includes all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal. The city of Montreal proper had a population of 1,649,519.
wn.com/Montreal -
Morokro
Morokro is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Morokro -
Niamey
Niamey (French pronunciation: [njaˈmɛ]) is the capital and largest city of the West African country of Niger. Niamey lies on the Niger River, primarily situated on the east bank. It is an administrative, cultural and economic centre. Niamey's population, which was estimated at 774,235 in 2006, is now projected to be much higher.
The city is located in a pearl millet growing region, while manufacturing industries include bricks, ceramic goods, cement and weaving.
Niamey was probably founded in the eighteenth century, but was of little importance to most of the country until the French developed a colonial post in the 1890s. This rapidly grew into an important center. In 1926 it became the capital of Niger, and the population gradually increased, from about 3,000 in 1930 to around 30,000 in 1960. The period from 1970 to 1988 was one in which the economy of Niger boomed, driven by revenue from the uranium mines at Arlit. In this period, the population of Niamey grew from 108,000 to 398,365 inhabitants. The city expanded from 1,367 hectares (3,380 acres) in 1970 to 4,400 hectares (11,000 acres) by 1977, in the process annexing peripheral villages such as Lazaret.
wn.com/Niamey -
Niger
Niger (French pronunciation: [niʒɛʁ], but occasionally pronounced as /niːˈʒɛər/ ori/ˈnaɪdʒər/), officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2, making it the largest nation in West Africa, with over 80 percent of its land area covered by the Sahara desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of just above 15,000,000 is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the nation. The capital city is Niamey, located in the far southwest corner of Niger.
Niger is a developing country, and consistently ranks as one of the lowest ranks of the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI), 186th of 187 countries in 2011. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence and some export agriculture clustered in the more fertile south, and the export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger remains handicapped by its landlocked position, desert terrain, poor education and poverty of its people, lack of infrastructure, poor health care, and environmental degradation.
wn.com/Niger -
Nigeria
Nigeriai/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba.
In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims in the North and Christians in the South; a very small minority practice traditional religion. Since 2002 there have been a spate of clashes, particularly in the North of the country, between government forces and the Islamists Boko Haram, militant jihadists who seek to establish sharia law.
The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE. The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd millennium.
wn.com/Nigeria -
Nigui Assoko
Nigui Assoko is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°16′N 4°36′W / 5.267°N 4.6°W / 5.267; -4.6
wn.com/Nigui_Assoko -
Nigui Saff
Nigui Saff is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°15′N 4°37′W / 5.25°N 4.617°W / 5.25; -4.617
wn.com/Nigui_Saff -
Oghlwapo
Oghlwapo is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Oghlwapo -
Orbaff
Orbaff is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°24′N 4°25′W / 5.4°N 4.417°W / 5.4; -4.417
wn.com/Orbaff -
Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou ( /ˌwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/; Mossi: [ˈwaɡᵊdᵊɡᵊ]) is the capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic center of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 1,475,223 (as of 2006). The city's name is often shortened to Ouaga. The inhabitants are called ouagalais. The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies. If English orthography were used (as in Ghana or Nigeria), the spelling would be Wagadugu.
Ouagadougou's primary industries are food processing and textiles. It is served by an international airport, rail links to Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire and to Kaya in the north of Burkina, and a highway to Niamey, Niger. Ouagadougou was the site of Ouagadougou grand market, one of the largest markets in West Africa, which burned in 2003 and remains closed. Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace (site of the Moro-Naba Ceremony), the National Museum of Music, and several craft markets.
wn.com/Ouagadougou -
Pacobo
Pacobo is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Pacobo -
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax bacillus and rabies virus. The institute was founded on June 4, 1887, and inaugurated on November 14, 1888.
For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has been at the forefront of the battle against infectious disease. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. Over the years, it has been responsible for breakthrough discoveries that have enabled medical science to control such virulent diseases as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague. Since 1908, eight Pasteur Institute scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology, and the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared with two Pasteur scientists.
wn.com/Pasteur_Institute -
Port Bouët
wn.com/Port_Bouët -
Sahuyé
Sahuyé is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°44′N 4°32′W / 5.733°N 4.533°W / 5.733; -4.533
wn.com/Sahuyé -
San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
wn.com/San_Francisco -
Sikensi
Sikensi is a town and commune in southern Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°40′34″N 4°34′33″W / 5.676117°N 4.575806°W / 5.676117; -4.575806
wn.com/Sikensi -
Sokrogbo
Sokrogbo is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
wn.com/Sokrogbo -
Songon
Songon is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°19′N 4°15′W / 5.317°N 4.25°W / 5.317; -4.25
wn.com/Songon -
São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] (
listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
wn.com/São_Paulo -
Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
wn.com/Tianjin -
Tiassalé Department
Tiassalé is one of the fifty-eight departments of Côte d'Ivoire. It is also the name of a principal town in the department. Tiassalé Department is part of Lagunes Region.
Coordinates: 5°54′N 4°50′W / 5.9°N 4.833°W / 5.9; -4.833
wn.com/Tiassalé_Department -
Toukouzou
Toukouzou is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°09′N 4°48′W / 5.15°N 4.8°W / 5.15; -4.8
wn.com/Toukouzou -
Toupah
Toupah is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
Coordinates: 5°19′N 4°34′W / 5.317°N 4.567°W / 5.317; -4.567
wn.com/Toupah -
Treichville
Treichville is a commune of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. The commune is known as one of the most lively in the city, specially around the Crossroad France-Amérique. The streets have no name but numbers from 1 to 25. The commune is served by a railway station belonging to the RAN. The railway operates to Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, and takes around 30 hours.
Its name comes from Marcel Treich-Laplène (1860-1890), who was French resident in Côte d'Ivoire.
Its current mayor, elected at the municipal election in March 2001 is François Amichia, former minister of tourism.
In March and April 2011, Treichville was caught up in the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and many people there were killed.
The city is twinned to:
Coordinates: 5°17′37″N 4°0′30″W / 5.29361°N 4.00833°W / 5.29361; -4.00833
wn.com/Treichville -
Tunisia
Tunisia (USi/tuːˈniːʒə/ two-NEE-zhə or UK /tjuːˈnɪziə/ tew-NIZ-iə; Arabic: تونس Tūnis pronounced [ˈtuːnɪs]), officially the Republic of Tunisia (Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية al-Jumhūriyyah at-Tūnisiyyah), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 square kilometres (64,000 sq mi), with an estimated population of just under 10.7 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the northeast.
Tunisia is the smallest country in North Africa. The south of the country is composed of the Sahara desert, with much of the remainder consisting of particularly fertile soil and 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) of coastline.
Tunisia has relations with both the European Union—with whom it has an association agreement—and the Arab world. Tunisia is also a member of the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, and the African Union. Tunisia has established close relations with France in particular, through economic cooperation, industrial modernization, and privatisation programs.
wn.com/Tunisia -
Yamoussoukro
The District of Yamoussoukro /ˌjɑːməˈsuːkroʊ/ is the official political capital and administrative capital city of Côte d'Ivoire, while the economic capital of the country is Abidjan. As of 2010, it was estimated to have 242,744 inhabitants. Located 240 kilometres (150 mi) north-west of Abidjan, the administrative center on the coast, upon rolling hills and plains, the municipality covers 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) and is coterminous with the department of the same name. The department and municipality are split into four sub-prefectures: Attiégouakro, Didiévi, Tié-diékro and the Commune of Yamoussoukro. In total, the district contains 169 settlements.
In 1998, the city had about 155,803 inhabitants. It is the fourth most populous city in Côte d'Ivoire, after Abidjan, Bouaké, and Daloa.
The current governor of the district is N'Dri Koffi Apollinaire.
Yamoussoukro is pronounced "Yam-So-Kro" by Ivorians. It's possible to hear "Ya-Mu-So-Kro"; the second "U" is silent.[citation needed]
wn.com/Yamoussoukro -
Yopougon
Yopougon is a town and commune in Côte d'Ivoire.
The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yopougon. The diocese's cathedral is the Cathédrale Saint-André in Yopougon.
Coordinates: 5°20′05″N 4°04′12″W / 5.33472°N 4.07°W / 5.33472; -4.07
wn.com/Yopougon -
Ébrié Lagoon
The Ébrié Lagoon lies in Côte d'Ivoire, separated for most of its length from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow coastal strip. The 100 km (60 mi) long lagoon is linked to the sea by the Vridi Canal, while the Comoë River flows into it. The lagoon averages 4 km (2½ mi) in width, and 5 m (16 ft) in depth. Abidjan and towns such as Grand Bassam, Bingerville, Jacqueville and Tiagba lie on the lagoon.
Coordinates: 5°16′19″N 4°20′21″W / 5.27194°N 4.33917°W / 5.27194; -4.33917
wn.com/Ébrié_Lagoon -
Île Boulay
The name of Boulay is applied both to an archipelago of islands in the Abidjan Lagoon in Côte d'Ivoire and the main island of that group. These islands are relatively unpopulated (a bit over 10,000 people) and remained in an undeveloped state, considering their proximity to the urban areas of Abidjan. Boulay is only 15 minutes from downtown Abidjan by boat. It contains some vacation cottages for some of the richer residents of the city. Water skiing is a popular activity offshore.
Since 2008 there has been a project to extend the Autonomous Port of Abidjan to the island, and to build a bridge. Also in that year the government of Mali begin construction of a warehouse for goods transshipped through Abidjan. These projects have created considerable opposition among the local residents. The waters around Boulay have also been affected by bacterial and chemical pollution.
Geographical coordinates: 5°16′45″N; 4°06′56″W
Coordinates: 5°16′45″N 4°06′56″W / 5.27917°N 4.11556°W / 5.27917; -4.11556
wn.com/Île_Boulay
-
Alpha Blondy
Alpha Blondy (born January 1, 1953) is a reggae singer and international recording artist. Alpha Blondy was born Seydou Koné in Dimbokro, Côte d'Ivoire. He sings mainly in his native language of Dioula, in French and in English, and sometimes in Arabic or Hebrew. His lyrics convey serious political attitudes and a sense of humor.
First son of a family of 9 children, Seydou Kone was raised by his grandmother, growing up in what he described as "among elders", which later was to have a big impact on his career. In 1962, Alpha Blondy went to join his father in Odienné, where he spent ten years, attending the Sainte Elisabeth high school, and getting involved in the Ivory Coast students movement. Here he formed a band. But, this hobby affected his schooling and Alpha Blondy was expelled due to poor attendance. His parents then sent him to study English in Monrovia in the neighboring country of Liberia in 1973. He spent thirteen months there and then moved to the United States of America to improve his English.
wn.com/Alpha_Blondy -
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (/ˈtʃɑrlz/ or /ˈʃɑrl dəˈɡɔːl/; French: [ʃaʁl də ɡol] ( listen); 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969.
A veteran of World War I, in the 1920s and 1930s de Gaulle came to the fore as a proponent of mobile armoured divisions, which he considered would become central in modern warfare. During World War II, he earned the rank of brigadier general (retained throughout his life), leading one of the few successful armoured counter-attacks during the 1940 Battle of France in May in Montcornet, and then briefly served in the French government as France was falling. De Gaulle was the most senior French military officer to reject the June 1940 armistice to Nazi Germany right from the outset.
He escaped to Britain and gave a famous radio address, broadcast by the BBC on 18 June 1940, exhorting the French people to resist Nazi Germany and organised the Free French Forces with exiled French officers in Britain. As the war progressed de Gaulle gradually gained control of all French colonies except Indochina most of which had at first been controlled by the pro-German Vichy regime. Despite earning a reputation for being a difficult man to do business with, by the time of the Allied invasion of France in 1944 he was heading what amounted to a French government in exile, but although he insisted that France be treated as a great independent power by the other Allies, the Americans in particular remained deeply suspicious of his motives. De Gaulle became prime minister in the French Provisional Government, resigning in 1946 because of political conflicts.
wn.com/Charles_de_Gaulle -
François Amichia
François Albert Amichia (born October 4, 1952, in Abidjan) is an Ivorian politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire - African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA). He was the mayor of Treichville and held the post of sports minister and the minister of tourism.
In 2002, he was held hostage in Bouaké in the center of the country during a rebellion. He was released a few days later.
He is also the president of the Union of cities and municipalities of Côte d'Ivoire (UVICOCI).
wn.com/François_Amichia -
François Mitterrand
François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (French: [fʁɑ̃swa mɔʁis mitɛˈʁɑ̃] ( listen); 26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the first figure from the left elected President under the Fifth Republic.
Reflecting family influences, Mitterrand started political life on the Catholic nationalist right. He served under the Vichy Regime in its earlier years. Subsequently, however, he joined the Resistance, moved to the left, and held ministerial office repeatedly under the Fourth Republic. He opposed de Gaulle's establishment of the Fifth Republic. Although at times a politically isolated figure, Mitterrand outmanoeuvred rivals to become the left's standard bearer in every presidential election from 1965 to 1988, except 1969. Elected President in the May 1981 presidential election, he was re-elected in 1988 and held office until 1995.
wn.com/François_Mitterrand -
Jean Lefebvre
Jean Lefebvre (born October 3, 1919, Valenciennes, Nord, France – died July 9, 2004, Marrakech, Morocco) was a French film actor.
wn.com/Jean_Lefebvre -
Jean Marais
Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ maʁɛ]; 11 December 1913 – 8 November 1998), was a French actor and director.
A native of Cherbourg, France, Marais starred in several movies directed by Jean Cocteau, for a time his lover and a lifelong friend, most famously Beauty and the Beast (1946) and Orphée (1949). Marais played over 100 roles in film and on television, and also was known for work in other areas of artistic expression, such as writing, painting and sculpture.
In the 1950s, Marais became a star of swashbuckling pictures, enjoying great box office popularity in France. He performed his own stunts. In the 1960s, he played the famed villain of the Fantômas trilogy. After 1970, Marais's on-screen performances became few and far between, as he preferred concentrating on his stage work. He kept performing on stage until his eighties, also working as a sculptor. In 1985, he was the head of the jury at the 35th Berlin International Film Festival.
He was featured in the 1995 documentary "Screening at the Majestic", which is included on the 2003 DVD release of the restored print of Beauty and the Beast. Marais appears on the cover sleeve of The Smiths single This Charming Man.
wn.com/Jean_Marais -
Laurent Gbagbo
Laurent Gbagbo (Gagnoa Bété: Gbagbo [ɡ͡baɡ͡bo]; French pronunciation: [loʁɑ̃ kudu baɡbo]; born 31 May 1945) was the fourth President of Côte d'Ivoire of ethnic Bété from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian by profession, he is also an amateur chemist and physicist.
Gbagbo was imprisoned in the early 1970s and again in the early 1990s, and he lived in exile in France during much of the 1980s as a result of his union activism. Gbagbo founded the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI) in 1982 and ran unsuccessfully for President against Félix Houphouët-Boigny at the start of multi-party politics in 1990. He also won a seat in the National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire in 1990.
Gbagbo claimed victory after Robert Guéï, head of a military junta, barred other leading politicians from running against Gbagbo in the October 2000 presidential election. Gbagbo supporters took to the streets, toppling Guéï. Gbagbo was then installed as President.
Following the 2010 presidential election, Gbagbo challenged the vote count, alleged fraud, and refused to stand down. He called for the annulment of results from nine of the country's regions. Alassane Ouattara was declared the winner and was recognized as such by election observers, the international community, the African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of West African States. However, the Constitutional Council, which according to Article 94 of the Ivorian Constitution both determines disputes in and proclaims the results of Presidential elections, declared that Gbagbo had won. After a short period of civil conflict, Gbagbo was arrested by the Republican Army of Ivory Coast. In November 2011, he was extradited to the International Criminal Court, becoming the first head of state to be taken into the court's custody.
wn.com/Laurent_Gbagbo -
Liselotte Pulver
Liselotte Pulver (born October 11, 1929), sometimes credited as Lilo Pulver, is a Swiss actress. Pulver was one of the stars of German cinema in the 1950s and 1960s, where she often was cast as a tomboy. She is well known for her hearty and joyful laughter.
Pulver was born in Bern to civil engineer Fritz Eugen Pulver and his wife Germaine. In 1960, she met German actor Helmut Schmid on the set of Gustav Adolfs Page: they married on 9 September 1961. The couple had two children, son Marc-Tell (born 1962) and daughter Melisande (born 1967).
Her daughter committed suicide in 1989. Her husband died in 1992 of a heart attack. Pulver lives secluded in Perroy, Canton Vaud on the shores of Lake Geneva; she also has an apartment at the Burgerheim, a retirement home near Bern.
From 1945 on she attended commercial school. After graduating in 1948, she worked as a model and took acting classes at the Bern conservatory, now part of the Bern University of Applied Sciences. Following small parts at the Bern Theatre (Stadttheater Bern), she appeared at the renowned Schauspielhaus Zürich, one of the most prestigious German-speaking theatres. Her breakthrough movie role was "Vreneli", the wife of the lead in Uli, der Knecht, made after the novel of Swiss author Jeremias Gotthelf. One of her most recognizable roles in American cinema is that of James Cagney's sexy secretary in Billy Wilder's One, Two, Three. For her role as a Russian woman in A Global Affair she was in 1963 nominated for the Golden Globe Award as best supporting actress.
wn.com/Liselotte_Pulver -
Mandé peoples
Mandé or Manden is a large group of related ethnic groups in West Africa who speak any of the many Mande languages spread throughout the region. Various Mandé groups are found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Chad, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone. The Mandé languages belong to a divergent branch of the Niger–Congo family, and are divided into two primary groups: East Mandé and West Mandé. The Mandé (Manding) peoples and the Akan people share a long history of trade and many similar cultural elements.
The Mandinka people, a branch of the Mandé, are credited with the founding of the largest ancient West African empires. Other large Mandé groups include the Soninke, Bambara and Dyula. Smaller known groups include the Ligbi, Vai and Bissa.
Mande peoples inhabit various environments, from coastal rainforests to the sparse Sahel and Sahara, and as such have a wide range of cultures and beliefs.
wn.com/Mandé_peoples -
Meiway
Frederic Desire Ehui best known as Meiway (born 17 March, 1962 in Grand Bassam) is a singer from the Ivory Coast. He is most notable for pioneering the Zoblazo style. His hits include "Miss Lolo".
wn.com/Meiway -
Michel Bohiri
Michel Bohiri is an Ivorian actor. He was one of the main actors in the long-running television series Ma Famille (My Family). He became known throughout Africa for his work on the series. He left the show in 2007 to work with 225 Studios.
wn.com/Michel_Bohiri -
Philippe Clay
Philippe Clay, born Philippe Mathevet, (March 7, 1927 – December 13, 2007) was a French mime artist, singer and actor.
He was known for his tall and slim silhouette (he was 1,90 m tall) and for his interpretations of songs by Charles Aznavour, Claude Nougaro, Jean-Roger Caussimon, Boris Vian, Serge Gainsbourg, Jean Yanne, Léo Ferré, Jacques Datin, Jean-Claude Massoulier or Bernard Dimey. He interpreted “La Complainte des Apaches” for the TV series Les Brigades du Tigre, written by Henri Djian and composed by Claude Bolling.
As an actor, he appeared in many movies (Bell, Book and Candle) and television films. One of his famous roles is in the Jean Renoir film, French Cancan, where he played Casimir le Serpentin (a character inspired by Valentin le désossé).
wn.com/Philippe_Clay -
Pope John Paul II
Blessed Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP. II, Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan Paweł II), born Karol Józef Wojtyła (Polish: [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛf vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920, Wadowice, Republic of Poland – 2 April 2005, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the second-longest serving Pope in history and the first non-Italian since 1523.
John Paul II was acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century. He was instrumental in ending communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. Though criticised by progressives for upholding the Church's teachings against artificial contraception and the ordination of women, and by traditionalists for his support of the Church's Second Vatican Council and its reform, he was also widely praised for his firm, orthodox Catholic stances.
wn.com/Pope_John_Paul_II -
Robert Dalban
Robert Dalban (1903–1987) was a French actor.
wn.com/Robert_Dalban -
Tiken Jah Fakoly
Tiken Jah Fakoly (born 1968) is a reggae singer from Côte d'Ivoire.
Tiken Jah was born into a Muslim family of griots Doumbia Moussa Fakoly on June 23, 1968 in Odienné, north-western Côte d'Ivoire. He discovered reggae at an early age, assembling his first group, Djelys, in 1987. He became well-known at a regional level, but would soon ascend to national recognition.
Concerned by the social and political evolution of his country, it was not long before Tiken Jah was writing incisive works on the political environment in Côte d'Ivoire. One such work was on the death of Félix Houphouët-Boigny in 1993, which resulted in a surge of popularity amongst the nation's youth. In 1998, Fakoly made his first international appearance in Paris.
Tiken Jah Fakoly plays music "to wake up the consciences". His music speaks about many injustices done to the people of his country, and those over Africa. As such, many African listeners feel a deep affinity with his lyrics as Fakoly speaks for oppressed people. This connection has helped make Tiken Jah Fakoly a much-listened artist throughout the world.
wn.com/Tiken_Jah_Fakoly -
Tshala Muana
Élizabeth Tshala Muana Muidikay, alias Tshala Muana, (Lubumbashi, May 13, 1958) is a singer and dancer from Congo-Kinshasa. She started her artistic career as a dancer for the musical band Tsheke Tsheke Love in 1977.
wn.com/Tshala_Muana
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Crise post électorale Le président Laurent Gbagbo rencontre la jeunesse africaine au Palais présidentiel Abidjan net Vidéo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:48
- Updated: 09 Jan 2011
http://wn.com/Crise_post_électorale_Le_président_Laurent_Gbagbo_rencontre_la_jeunesse_africaine_au_Palais_présidentiel_Abidjan_net_Vidéo
Crise post électorale Le Pr Malick N'Diaye invité au JT de 20h Abidjan net Vidéo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:04
- Updated: 10 Feb 2012
http://wn.com/Crise_post_électorale_Le_Pr_Malick_N'Diaye_invité_au_JT_de_20h_Abidjan_net_Vidéo
Ivorians hopeful of post-election change
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 14 Mar 2012
Polls have opened in Cote d'Ivoire's Presidential run-off election. The days leading up to the election have been marred by violence between rival political camps and the army has imposed a night-time curfew. But there are hopes that this election will mark a turning point for the country, as Al Jazeera's Yvonne Ndege reports from Abidjan.
http://wn.com/Ivorians_hopeful_of_post-election_change
Polls have opened in Cote d'Ivoire's Presidential run-off election. The days leading up to the election have been marred by violence between rival political camps and the army has imposed a night-time curfew. But there are hopes that this election will mark a turning point for the country, as Al Jazeera's Yvonne Ndege reports from Abidjan.
- published: 28 Nov 2010
- views: 1917
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
UN, French forces open fire on Gbagbo troops in Abidjan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
timesofearth.com French and UN helicopters have fired on military camps operated by Ivory Coast incumbent leader Laurent Gbagbo, in an effort to halt attacks on civilians. The presidential palace was also hit in the helicopter attacks, witnesses said. The strikes came as fighters backing Mr Gbagbo's rival Alassane Ouattara stepped up their attempts to take control of the main city, Abidjan. Mr Gbagbo has refused to quit despite UN-approved results saying Mr Ouattara won an election last November. Abidjan - The battle for control of Ivory Coast has intensified, with UN forces firing on troops of incumbent president Laurent Gbagbo, and rebel forces launching what they call a final assault to remove Mr. Gbagbo from power. A spokesman for the UN mission in Ivory Coast says helicopters have fired on two Gbagbo army camps, the presidential palace and Mr. Gbagbo's residence, all in the main city of Abidjan. A spokesman for the UN peacekeeping office in New York, Nick Birnback, told AFP news agency that the attacks Monday were aimed at heavy weapons that Gbagbo forces have been using to attack civilians and peacekeepers. Birnback said the attack was authorized by UN Security Council resolution 1975, passed last week. France says its soldiers in Ivory Coast provided support for the operation. Meanwhile, forces backing Ivory Coast's internationally recognized president, Alassane Ouattara, entered Abidjan in force Monday. Mr. Ouattara's prime minister, Guillaume Soro, has promised a ...
http://wn.com/UN,_French_forces_open_fire_on_Gbagbo_troops_in_Abidjan
timesofearth.com French and UN helicopters have fired on military camps operated by Ivory Coast incumbent leader Laurent Gbagbo, in an effort to halt attacks on civilians. The presidential palace was also hit in the helicopter attacks, witnesses said. The strikes came as fighters backing Mr Gbagbo's rival Alassane Ouattara stepped up their attempts to take control of the main city, Abidjan. Mr Gbagbo has refused to quit despite UN-approved results saying Mr Ouattara won an election last November. Abidjan - The battle for control of Ivory Coast has intensified, with UN forces firing on troops of incumbent president Laurent Gbagbo, and rebel forces launching what they call a final assault to remove Mr. Gbagbo from power. A spokesman for the UN mission in Ivory Coast says helicopters have fired on two Gbagbo army camps, the presidential palace and Mr. Gbagbo's residence, all in the main city of Abidjan. A spokesman for the UN peacekeeping office in New York, Nick Birnback, told AFP news agency that the attacks Monday were aimed at heavy weapons that Gbagbo forces have been using to attack civilians and peacekeepers. Birnback said the attack was authorized by UN Security Council resolution 1975, passed last week. France says its soldiers in Ivory Coast provided support for the operation. Meanwhile, forces backing Ivory Coast's internationally recognized president, Alassane Ouattara, entered Abidjan in force Monday. Mr. Ouattara's prime minister, Guillaume Soro, has promised a ...
- published: 05 Apr 2011
- views: 1506
- author: timesofearth
Ayo Johnson -- BBC Interview - Côte d'Ivoire - Fight for Abidjan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 28 Apr 2011
Ayo Johnson - Director Viewpoint Africa speaks to BBC -- Ivory Coast's post-election violence reached the heart of Abidjan, the commercial capital, on Friday as forces allied to the president-elect, Alassane Ouattara, surrounded the residence of Laurent Gbagbo, the former president, in a final attempt to force him from office.
http://wn.com/Ayo_Johnson_-_BBC_Interview_Côte_d'Ivoire_Fight_for_Abidjan
Ayo Johnson - Director Viewpoint Africa speaks to BBC -- Ivory Coast's post-election violence reached the heart of Abidjan, the commercial capital, on Friday as forces allied to the president-elect, Alassane Ouattara, surrounded the residence of Laurent Gbagbo, the former president, in a final attempt to force him from office.
- published: 02 Apr 2011
- views: 734
- author: Ayo Johnson
Crise post électorale Visite des présidents du Bénin, Sera Léone et du Cap vert en mission pour la CEDEAO Abidjan net Vidéo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 29 Dec 2010
http://wn.com/Crise_post_électorale_Visite_des_présidents_du_Bénin,_Sera_Léone_et_du_Cap_vert_en_mission_pour_la_CEDEAO_Abidjan_net_Vidéo
Crise post électorale Les exactions des soldats sur les populations civiles Abidjan net Vidéo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 24 Feb 2011
http://wn.com/Crise_post_électorale_Les_exactions_des_soldats_sur_les_populations_civiles_Abidjan_net_Vidéo
Crise post electorale Rencontre avec les ivoiriens de la mauritanie à la faveur des la première reunion du panel de l'UA Abidjan net Vidéo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 01 Mar 2011
http://wn.com/Crise_post_electorale_Rencontre_avec_les_ivoiriens_de_la_mauritanie_à_la_faveur_des_la_première_reunion_du_panel_de_l'UA_Abidjan_net_Vidéo
MaximsNewsNetwork: COTE D'IVOIRE - YESTERDAY's HISTORIC ELECTIONS (ONUCI)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Updated: 21 Nov 2010
MaximsNewsNetwork: 01 November 2010 -- ONUCI: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire - United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Ban-Ki-moon today (1 November) commended the people of the Côte d'Ivoire for the peaceful conduct of yesterday's historic elections, as he reaffirmed the United Nations' continued commitment to assisting the West African country emerge from its devastating civil conflict; initial reports indicate that the vote was conducted in peace, and voters expressed hope for the future of the troubled former French colony. Yesterday's presidential election was originally scheduled for as far back as 2005 and had been repeatedly postponed. The Special Representative of Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in Côte d'Ivoire, YJ Choi visited several polling stations in Abidjan. Choi will continue, in the context of his certification mandate, all efforts to safeguard the process through the counting and certification phases. Two of the fourteen presidential candidates, Henri Konan Bedie and Alassane D. Ouattara voted at the same polling station at the Lycée Sainte Marie in Cocody. Speaking to the press, they expressed their satisfaction with the process and with the fact that the elections finally took place. Cote d'Ivoire's President Laurent Gbagbo, who along with Bedie and Ouattara are the expected front runners, also showed up to vote, drawing the attention of dozens of journalists The Secretary-General called on all parties and candidates to help maintain a calm environment and urged ...
http://wn.com/MaximsNewsNetwork_COTE_D'IVOIRE_YESTERDAY's_HISTORIC_ELECTIONS_ONUCI
MaximsNewsNetwork: 01 November 2010 -- ONUCI: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire - United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Ban-Ki-moon today (1 November) commended the people of the Côte d'Ivoire for the peaceful conduct of yesterday's historic elections, as he reaffirmed the United Nations' continued commitment to assisting the West African country emerge from its devastating civil conflict; initial reports indicate that the vote was conducted in peace, and voters expressed hope for the future of the troubled former French colony. Yesterday's presidential election was originally scheduled for as far back as 2005 and had been repeatedly postponed. The Special Representative of Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in Côte d'Ivoire, YJ Choi visited several polling stations in Abidjan. Choi will continue, in the context of his certification mandate, all efforts to safeguard the process through the counting and certification phases. Two of the fourteen presidential candidates, Henri Konan Bedie and Alassane D. Ouattara voted at the same polling station at the Lycée Sainte Marie in Cocody. Speaking to the press, they expressed their satisfaction with the process and with the fact that the elections finally took place. Cote d'Ivoire's President Laurent Gbagbo, who along with Bedie and Ouattara are the expected front runners, also showed up to vote, drawing the attention of dozens of journalists The Secretary-General called on all parties and candidates to help maintain a calm environment and urged ...
- published: 01 Nov 2010
- views: 3805
- author: MaximsNewsNetwork
Des responsables saoudiens en mission à Abidjan pour faire le bilan du Hadj 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Des responsables saoudiens en mission à Abidjan pour faire le bilan du Hadj 2012
http://wn.com/Des_responsables_saoudiens_en_mission_à_Abidjan_pour_faire_le_bilan_du_Hadj_2012
Des responsables saoudiens en mission à Abidjan pour faire le bilan du Hadj 2012
- published: 20 Dec 2012
- views: 943
- author: abidjannetTV
Fally Ipupa Interview Abidjan (Preview)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 22 Mar 2012
Facebook: www.facebook.com (c) Blue Magik Entertainment. Fally Ipupa Interview dès son arrivé à Abidjan le 26 décembre 2011.
http://wn.com/Fally_Ipupa_Interview_Abidjan_Preview
Facebook: www.facebook.com (c) Blue Magik Entertainment. Fally Ipupa Interview dès son arrivé à Abidjan le 26 décembre 2011.
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 1756
- author: Yvan Magone
Bimansha (Josky Kiambukuta) - Franco & le TPOK Jazz 1981
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:18
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Formerly posted in two parts, now for the first time the complete version (this song was butchered for cd, it was cut three minutes short!!!) from vinyl in one post... It just doesn't get any better than this. A masterpiece of the highest order. Who said Franco made his best records in the 1970's? It sure as hell wasn't me!! Line-up roughly the same as on the Abidjan version: www.youtube.com Vocals: Josky Kiambukuta (also on maracas from the break), Ntesa Dalienst, Ndombe Opetum, Lukoki Diatho; guitars: Franco, Gerry Dialungana, Makosso; bass: Mpudi Decca; batterie: Ntoya and here probably Bosuma Dessoin on percussion (not on the Abidjan video). I have also posted a live version that was recorded later than this: www.youtube.com Download the whole series Le Quart de Siècle de Franco de Mi Amor et le TPOK Jazz, Volumes 1-4 here: wrldsrv.blogspot.com .................................................................................................... lyrics transcribed by quickref2007 Cheri likambo na Sali yo papa nayebi te? Boni okangali ngai elongi? Ngai nakamue Soki na salaki mabe cheri, libisi Natubeli ya ngai masumu nasengi pardon Kinshasa elingi masolo ya bato, keba cheri Ngai mabazo na motema Bimasha Bimasha wani yo yo Napema boni na bo monde? Nakoya kokufa se innocent Ngai mabazo na motema Bimasha Bimasha napema boni na bo monde ? Nakofa se innocent Ngai mabazo na motema Bimasha Bimasha napema boni na bo monde ? Nakofa se innocent Cheri limbo osiliki nayebi te bongo ...
http://wn.com/Bimansha_Josky_Kiambukuta_Franco_le_TPOK_Jazz_1981
Formerly posted in two parts, now for the first time the complete version (this song was butchered for cd, it was cut three minutes short!!!) from vinyl in one post... It just doesn't get any better than this. A masterpiece of the highest order. Who said Franco made his best records in the 1970's? It sure as hell wasn't me!! Line-up roughly the same as on the Abidjan version: www.youtube.com Vocals: Josky Kiambukuta (also on maracas from the break), Ntesa Dalienst, Ndombe Opetum, Lukoki Diatho; guitars: Franco, Gerry Dialungana, Makosso; bass: Mpudi Decca; batterie: Ntoya and here probably Bosuma Dessoin on percussion (not on the Abidjan video). I have also posted a live version that was recorded later than this: www.youtube.com Download the whole series Le Quart de Siècle de Franco de Mi Amor et le TPOK Jazz, Volumes 1-4 here: wrldsrv.blogspot.com .................................................................................................... lyrics transcribed by quickref2007 Cheri likambo na Sali yo papa nayebi te? Boni okangali ngai elongi? Ngai nakamue Soki na salaki mabe cheri, libisi Natubeli ya ngai masumu nasengi pardon Kinshasa elingi masolo ya bato, keba cheri Ngai mabazo na motema Bimasha Bimasha wani yo yo Napema boni na bo monde? Nakoya kokufa se innocent Ngai mabazo na motema Bimasha Bimasha napema boni na bo monde ? Nakofa se innocent Ngai mabazo na motema Bimasha Bimasha napema boni na bo monde ? Nakofa se innocent Cheri limbo osiliki nayebi te bongo ...
- published: 22 Oct 2011
- views: 8500
- author: AboubacarSiddikh
MaximsNewasNetwork: COTE D'IVOIRE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RUN-OFF (ONUCI)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
MaximsNewsNetwork: 28 November 2010 -- ONUCI: Cote d'Ivoire today (28 November) held its presidential run-off despite tensions and a curfew imposed the yesterday due to security issues; Outgoing President Laurent Gbagbo and former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara were competing for the country's top post while the other two leading opponents former prime minister Alassane Dramane Ouattara, and candidate Henri K.Bewdie voted early this morning in Abidjan. Following his vote and talking to journalists Ouattara thanked all his fellow citizens and he expressed his hopes to win "with a very large majority the 2nd round of the presidential election ". The polls had been postponed six times by October 31, when the country held the first round of the election, in which Gbagbo garnered 38.3 percent of the vote and Ouattara scored 32 percent. ...... ( UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN COTE D'IVOIRE: ONUCI ) ............................................
http://wn.com/MaximsNewasNetwork_COTE_D'IVOIRE_PRESIDENTIAL_ELECTIONS_RUN-OFF_ONUCI
MaximsNewsNetwork: 28 November 2010 -- ONUCI: Cote d'Ivoire today (28 November) held its presidential run-off despite tensions and a curfew imposed the yesterday due to security issues; Outgoing President Laurent Gbagbo and former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara were competing for the country's top post while the other two leading opponents former prime minister Alassane Dramane Ouattara, and candidate Henri K.Bewdie voted early this morning in Abidjan. Following his vote and talking to journalists Ouattara thanked all his fellow citizens and he expressed his hopes to win "with a very large majority the 2nd round of the presidential election ". The polls had been postponed six times by October 31, when the country held the first round of the election, in which Gbagbo garnered 38.3 percent of the vote and Ouattara scored 32 percent. ...... ( UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN COTE D'IVOIRE: ONUCI ) ............................................
- published: 30 Nov 2010
- views: 1124
- author: MaximsNewsNetwork
Parquet Militaire d'Abidjan:Point de presse du Commissaire Ange Kessi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:55
- Updated: 12 Aug 2011
Le Commissaire du gouvernement près le Tribunal militaire d'Abidjan Ange Bernard Kessi Kouamé a présenté hier jeudi 11 août 2011 au Plateau, les résultats de ses enquêtes sur les événements post-électoraux.
http://wn.com/Parquet_Militaire_d'AbidjanPoint_de_presse_du_Commissaire_Ange_Kessi
Le Commissaire du gouvernement près le Tribunal militaire d'Abidjan Ange Bernard Kessi Kouamé a présenté hier jeudi 11 août 2011 au Plateau, les résultats de ses enquêtes sur les événements post-électoraux.
- published: 12 Aug 2011
- views: 6572
- author: abidjannetTV
Abidjan: "réconciliation" avec le festival Magic System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 27 Jun 2011
La "réconciliation" se tente sur un air de musique à Abidjan, avec l'ouverture vendredi 24 juin du festival du groupe ivoirien Magic System, première manifestation culturelle d'ampleur depuis la fin de la crise post-électorale qui a meurtri le pays.
http://wn.com/Abidjan_réconciliation_avec_le_festival_Magic_System
La "réconciliation" se tente sur un air de musique à Abidjan, avec l'ouverture vendredi 24 juin du festival du groupe ivoirien Magic System, première manifestation culturelle d'ampleur depuis la fin de la crise post-électorale qui a meurtri le pays.
- published: 26 Jun 2011
- views: 6429
- author: abidjannetTV
Côte d'Ivoire: Roland Dumas et Jacques Vergès à Abidjan pour soutenir Gbagbo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
Ils dénoncent l'ingérence française... Deux avocats français, l'ancien ministre socialiste des Affaires étrangères Roland Dumas et Jacques Vergès, ont dénoncé jeudi l'ingérence française et internationale en Côte d'Ivoire, apportant leur soutien au président sortant Laurent Gbagbo. Roland Dumas et Jacques Vergès sont arrivés jeudi à Abidjan pour soutenir et conseiller Laurent Gbagbo, dont la presque totalité de la communauté internationale demande le départ. «Qu'est-ce qui autorise le gouvernement français à intervenir dans une querelle électorale en Côte d'Ivoire? Le temps de la colonisation et des juges de paix à compétence étendue est terminé», a déclaré sur la chaîne française I-Télé Jacques Vergès, 85 ans, connu pour ses engagements tiers-mondistes, notamment sur le continent africain. Dumas va examiner le dossier «J'ai quelques indications pour pouvoir dire que tout le monde n'est pas d'accord dans la communauté internationale. Elle se résume à quelques personnalités qui se mêlent de tout et dont on va examiner le cas», a estimé pour sa part Roland Dumas, 88 ans, ancien ministre des Affaires étrangères de François Mitterrand. Ces déclarations tranchent avec l'unanimité affichée notamment par les Nations unies, l'Union africaine, l'Union européenne, la Communauté économique des Etats d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Cédéao), qui ont toutes appelé Laurent Gbagbo à céder sa place à son rival Alassane Ouattara, dont elles ont reconnu la victoire à l'élection présidentielle du 28 ...
http://wn.com/Côte_d'Ivoire_Roland_Dumas_et_Jacques_Vergès_à_Abidjan_pour_soutenir_Gbagbo
Ils dénoncent l'ingérence française... Deux avocats français, l'ancien ministre socialiste des Affaires étrangères Roland Dumas et Jacques Vergès, ont dénoncé jeudi l'ingérence française et internationale en Côte d'Ivoire, apportant leur soutien au président sortant Laurent Gbagbo. Roland Dumas et Jacques Vergès sont arrivés jeudi à Abidjan pour soutenir et conseiller Laurent Gbagbo, dont la presque totalité de la communauté internationale demande le départ. «Qu'est-ce qui autorise le gouvernement français à intervenir dans une querelle électorale en Côte d'Ivoire? Le temps de la colonisation et des juges de paix à compétence étendue est terminé», a déclaré sur la chaîne française I-Télé Jacques Vergès, 85 ans, connu pour ses engagements tiers-mondistes, notamment sur le continent africain. Dumas va examiner le dossier «J'ai quelques indications pour pouvoir dire que tout le monde n'est pas d'accord dans la communauté internationale. Elle se résume à quelques personnalités qui se mêlent de tout et dont on va examiner le cas», a estimé pour sa part Roland Dumas, 88 ans, ancien ministre des Affaires étrangères de François Mitterrand. Ces déclarations tranchent avec l'unanimité affichée notamment par les Nations unies, l'Union africaine, l'Union européenne, la Communauté économique des Etats d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Cédéao), qui ont toutes appelé Laurent Gbagbo à céder sa place à son rival Alassane Ouattara, dont elles ont reconnu la victoire à l'élection présidentielle du 28 ...
- published: 01 Jan 2011
- views: 12562
- author: ikodi45
MaximsNewsNetwork: COTE D'IVOIRE - UN.s YJ CHOI VIEWS POLLING STATIONS (UNOCI)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 30 Nov 2010
MaximsNewsNetwork: 29 November 2010 -- ONUCI: Cote d'Ivoire- Cote d'Ivoire today (28 November) held a second presidential run-off election despite tensions, and a curfew imposed the previous day and boosted security. The Special Representative Of the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General, YJ Choi visited various polling stations during the day. Choi said that he was "increasingly confident" in the Ivorian people and that the second round would be successful. ...... ( UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN COTE D'IVOIRE: ONUCI ) ............................................ MaximsNewsNetwork: News Network for the United Nations and the International Community. See: www.MaximsNews.com. "GIVING POWER & RESONANCE TO THE VOICE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY" ......................
http://wn.com/MaximsNewsNetwork_COTE_D'IVOIRE_UNs_YJ_CHOI_VIEWS_POLLING_STATIONS_UNOCI
MaximsNewsNetwork: 29 November 2010 -- ONUCI: Cote d'Ivoire- Cote d'Ivoire today (28 November) held a second presidential run-off election despite tensions, and a curfew imposed the previous day and boosted security. The Special Representative Of the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General, YJ Choi visited various polling stations during the day. Choi said that he was "increasingly confident" in the Ivorian people and that the second round would be successful. ...... ( UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN COTE D'IVOIRE: ONUCI ) ............................................ MaximsNewsNetwork: News Network for the United Nations and the International Community. See: www.MaximsNews.com. "GIVING POWER & RESONANCE TO THE VOICE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY" ......................
- published: 30 Nov 2010
- views: 673
- author: MaximsNewsNetwork
Ivory Coast police forces are killing people
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
Truly today at Ivory Coast we are in big trouble , day by day the Ivory coast incumbent president Laurent Gbagbo police forces are killing people . so if the world know about that is fine but this at political level , we are trying to create social network awareness of Ivory Coast troubles . thank you for kind guide i will post it on note .Death squads kill 50 in Ivory Coast post-election violenceThe trouble stems from last month's run-off election, which the Electoral Commission said Mr Ouattara won by 54% to 46%. Mr Gbagbo refused to admit defeat, and the Constitutional Council then annulled some results from the north and declared Mr Gbagbo the winner."armed individuals in military uniform accompanied by elements of the Defence and Security Forces or militia groups". Ivory Coast's official "Defence and Security Forces" back Mr Gbagbo's rule."Abducted persons are reportedly taken by force to illegal places of detention where they are held incommunicado and without charge. Some have been found dead in questionable circumstances . ABIDJAN—Businesses were open, children were playing and cars were driving around a body on the street late Tuesday in the Abidjan neighbourhood where clashes between security forces and demonstrators left several people dead earlier that day. Residents said security forces had descended on the area during the night searching for rebel forces rumoured to be hiding in Abobo, an impoverished community in Ivory Coast's largest city that widely ...
http://wn.com/Ivory_Coast_police_forces_are_killing_people
Truly today at Ivory Coast we are in big trouble , day by day the Ivory coast incumbent president Laurent Gbagbo police forces are killing people . so if the world know about that is fine but this at political level , we are trying to create social network awareness of Ivory Coast troubles . thank you for kind guide i will post it on note .Death squads kill 50 in Ivory Coast post-election violenceThe trouble stems from last month's run-off election, which the Electoral Commission said Mr Ouattara won by 54% to 46%. Mr Gbagbo refused to admit defeat, and the Constitutional Council then annulled some results from the north and declared Mr Gbagbo the winner."armed individuals in military uniform accompanied by elements of the Defence and Security Forces or militia groups". Ivory Coast's official "Defence and Security Forces" back Mr Gbagbo's rule."Abducted persons are reportedly taken by force to illegal places of detention where they are held incommunicado and without charge. Some have been found dead in questionable circumstances . ABIDJAN—Businesses were open, children were playing and cars were driving around a body on the street late Tuesday in the Abidjan neighbourhood where clashes between security forces and demonstrators left several people dead earlier that day. Residents said security forces had descended on the area during the night searching for rebel forces rumoured to be hiding in Abobo, an impoverished community in Ivory Coast's largest city that widely ...
- published: 13 Jan 2011
- views: 33910
- author: komodee72
Abidjan bombardé par la France
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 05 Mar 2012
Un conflit post électoral conduit La France et l'ONUCI à bombarder la ville d'Abidjan et déclarer la guerre à la Côte d'Ivoire
http://wn.com/Abidjan_bombardé_par_la_France
Un conflit post électoral conduit La France et l'ONUCI à bombarder la ville d'Abidjan et déclarer la guerre à la Côte d'Ivoire
- published: 05 Apr 2011
- views: 1130
- author: SouveraineteTv
ETRANGE AUREOLE AUTOUR DU SOLEIL DANS LE CIEL D'ABIDJAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:26
- Updated: 05 Aug 2012
Etrange vision du Soleil à ABIDJAN, le Jeudi 31 Mars 2011. Pour les ivoiriens, c'est sûrement une manifestation divine sur le pays en plein conflit post électoral.
http://wn.com/ETRANGE_AUREOLE_AUTOUR_DU_SOLEIL_DANS_LE_CIEL_D'ABIDJAN
Etrange vision du Soleil à ABIDJAN, le Jeudi 31 Mars 2011. Pour les ivoiriens, c'est sûrement une manifestation divine sur le pays en plein conflit post électoral.
- published: 01 Apr 2011
- views: 9968
- author: DT51GENIE
Venance Konan : Terreur à Abidjan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:48
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
VENANCE KONAN est l'un des écrivains ivoiriens les plus respectés. C'est aussi un polémiste redouté qui a pris fait et cause contre Laurent Gbagbo. Lundi 10 janvier, en plein jour, des hommes lourdement armés sont venus sonner chez lui. Ils le cherchaient. Ils se sont juste trompés d'adresse. C'est peut-être ce qui l'a sauvé. Alors VENANCE KONAN a décidé de fuir. 9 jours pour quitter son pays. De maison en refuge, il est arrivé a Paris. C'est son premier témoignage depuis qu'il a fuit les escadrons de la mort, VENANCE KONAN l'invité du journal de 6 Heures (Heure française).
http://wn.com/Venance_Konan_Terreur_à_Abidjan
VENANCE KONAN est l'un des écrivains ivoiriens les plus respectés. C'est aussi un polémiste redouté qui a pris fait et cause contre Laurent Gbagbo. Lundi 10 janvier, en plein jour, des hommes lourdement armés sont venus sonner chez lui. Ils le cherchaient. Ils se sont juste trompés d'adresse. C'est peut-être ce qui l'a sauvé. Alors VENANCE KONAN a décidé de fuir. 9 jours pour quitter son pays. De maison en refuge, il est arrivé a Paris. C'est son premier témoignage depuis qu'il a fuit les escadrons de la mort, VENANCE KONAN l'invité du journal de 6 Heures (Heure française).
- published: 23 Jan 2011
- views: 4689
- author: tv5monde
L'ambiance des fetes de fin d'annee a Abidjan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Updated: 01 Feb 2012
Environ un an apres la crise post electorale que vient de traverser la Cote d'Ivoire, comment les ivoiriens s'activent pour feter en cette fin annee...
http://wn.com/L'ambiance_des_fetes_de_fin_d'annee_a_Abidjan
Environ un an apres la crise post electorale que vient de traverser la Cote d'Ivoire, comment les ivoiriens s'activent pour feter en cette fin annee...
- published: 24 Dec 2011
- views: 1753
- author: pichelline
Ivory Coast holds first trial over post-election violence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:29
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
Ivory Coast holds first trial over post-election violence Story from: news.yahoo.com ABIDJAN (Reuters) - The trial of a top military ally of Ivory Coasts former president Laurent Gbagbo the first involving an accused instigator of last years post-election violence opened in the commercial capital Abidjan on Tuesday. General Bruno Dogbo Ble headed the elite Republican Guard during the brief conflict which killed more than 3000 people and erupted after Gbagbo refused to accept his defeat to rival Alassane Ouattara in an election in late 2010. . What is this? This is an experiment in virtual agent news production. The virtual news agent is Eliza Cassan from Deus EX HR.
http://wn.com/Ivory_Coast_holds_first_trial_over_post-election_violence
Ivory Coast holds first trial over post-election violence Story from: news.yahoo.com ABIDJAN (Reuters) - The trial of a top military ally of Ivory Coasts former president Laurent Gbagbo the first involving an accused instigator of last years post-election violence opened in the commercial capital Abidjan on Tuesday. General Bruno Dogbo Ble headed the elite Republican Guard during the brief conflict which killed more than 3000 people and erupted after Gbagbo refused to accept his defeat to rival Alassane Ouattara in an election in late 2010. . What is this? This is an experiment in virtual agent news production. The virtual news agent is Eliza Cassan from Deus EX HR.
- published: 03 Oct 2012
- views: 76
- author: elizacassanpicus
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
06 Jan 2013
ISLAMABAD - The Pakistani military is accusing forces from neighboring India of crossing the boundary between the two sides' forces in Kashmir and attacking a Pakistani border post, killing a soldier. The military's public relations office said in a statement Sunday that another Pakistani soldier was critically wounded in the incident early Sunday. They said troops are still exchanging gunfire in the area ... All rights reserved ... Parker ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)
photo: UN / Evan Schneider
06 Jan 2013
LONDON -- They have barely 3,000 inhabitants and far more sheep than people. They are more than 8,700 miles from London. For much of the year, they are bitterly cold and wind-swept, with only open sea and ice between them and Antarctica ... But the Falkland Islands, the focus of a short war between Britain and Argentina in 1982, have been in the headlines again recently ... Their arguments suggest what has long been evident ... Ms ... Mr ... Cameron said....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: WN / Bhaskar Mallick
05 Jan 2013
Tweet. New Delhi, Jan 5 (ANI). The male friend of the 23-year-old medical student, who was gang-raped and left unclothed and bleeding in the street and later died in hospital two weeks after she was attacked on December 16 on a private bus in New Delhi, has said that things would have gone differently if someone had stopped to help ... "It would have been a very different scenario today, had even one person come to our help that day ... (ANI)....(size: 3.8Kb)
photo: AP / SANA
05 Jan 2013
Syrian government forces have bombarded several rebel strongholds in the suburbs of Damascus to quell the fighters battling the regime of President Bashar al-Assad from reaching the capital. Activists on Saturday said troops leveled their bombardment campaign on the districts of Hajar al-Aswad and Qaboun in southern Damascus while they continued to shell the suburbs of Daraya, Beit Hahm, Zibdeen, Maadamiya and Jisteen ... 445 Source. ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)
photo: AP / Dave Weaver
06 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON - President Barack Obama will nominate former Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel as his next defense secretary, a senior administration official said Sunday. The selection of the decorated Vietnam combat veteran sets up a potentially contentious confirmation hearing because Hagel has come under scrutiny from his former colleagues over his positions on Israel and Iran ... is on break this coming week ... Sen ... or Israel against Iran ... He added....(size: 10.1Kb)
News24
07 Jan 2013
Abidjan - Officials say that the New Year's ... Abidjan prosecutor Simplice Kouadio announced the preliminary findings of a police investigation on state television on Saturday night....(size: 0.9Kb)
Peace FM Online
07 Jan 2013
The Kora Awards finally took place Sunday night in Abidjan, after string of hitches, which the organizers say was due to a heavy downpour, delays in the delivery of musical equipment and the late arrival of star artiste, Chris Brown. Brown finally arrived in Abidjan on Sunday morning with his girlfriend Rihanna, early enough for the peace concert ......(size: 2.5Kb)
Celebrity Café
07 Jan 2013
The Independent
07 Jan 2013
The New Year's Eve fireworks party at the national football stadium in Abidjan, capital of the Ivory Coast, turned into a catastrophe ... At least the BBC and Sky News briefly gave the story coverage with witness reports and images from Abidjan hospitals. Africa fatigue lives on ... Of course, the lack of coverage of the Abidjan disaster was the result of a number of factors ... The killers in Abidjan and Angola were more abstract ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)
The Examiner
07 Jan 2013
It seems Kardashian feels no need to relax and enjoy her pregnancy ... Kim Kardhashian shows baby bump - photos ... After Miami, Kim will trip to Abidjan in Ivory Coast for two special events on January 19, 2013 ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
The Times of India
07 Jan 2013
JOHANNESBURG. The Africa Cup of Nations has grown from an insignificant three-team event to a competition contested by 16 countries which attracts a global TV audience running into hundreds of millions ... 1957 ... 1959. Egypt triumphed at home in another three-team tournament with the format changed to round-robin ... 1962 ... 1963 ... 1965 ... 1968 ... 1970 ... 1972 ... Midfielder Theophile 'Doctor' Abega, who died last year, was the Indomitable Lions' star in Abidjan....(size: 6.9Kb)
Independent online (SA)
07 Jan 2013
Johannesburg – The Africa Cup of Nations has grown from an insignificant three-team event to a competition contested by 16 countries which attracts a global TV audience running into hundreds of millions ... 1957 ... 1959. Egypt triumphed at home in another three-team tournament with the format changed to round-robin ... 1962 ... 1963 ... 1965 ... 1968 ... Midfielder Theophile 'Doctor' Abega, who died last year, was the Indomitable Lions' star in Abidjan ... ....(size: 7.9Kb)
noodls
07 Jan 2013
(Source. IMF - International Monetary Fund) By Christine Lagarde. Managing Director, International Monetary Fund. National Assembly, Abidjan, January 7, 2013. Honorable Mr. Speaker,. Honorable Prime Minister, Minister of Economy and Finance,. Honorable Ministers, ... Mr. Chancellor ... Ladies and gentlemen, ... But I also want to express my deep condolences for the tragic loss of life that took place here in Abidjan during the New Year's celebrations ... 1....(size: 22.0Kb)
photo: AP / Andy Wong
07 Jan 2013
Google Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt on Monday arrived in North Korea on a private visit, despite apprehension from the US government over the timing of the trip. He is the highest-profile US executive to visit the communist nation. By News Wires (text). ... Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of one of the world’s biggest Internet companies, is the highest-profile U.S ... U.S ... The Ivorian web echoes the ongoing tensions in Abidjan ... ....(size: 10.9Kb)
News24
06 Jan 2013
Yahoo Daily News
06 Jan 2013
ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — Officials say that the ... Abidjan prosecutor Simplice Kouadio announced the preliminary findings of a police investigation on state television Saturday night....(size: 0.9Kb)
Seattle Post
06 Jan 2013
ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — Officials say that ... Abidjan prosecutor Simplice Kouadio announced the preliminary findings of a police investigation on state television Saturday night....(size: 0.9Kb)
Star Tribune
06 Jan 2013
ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast - Officials say that the New Year's stampede in Ivory Coast ... Abidjan prosecutor Simplice Kouadio announced the preliminary findings of a police investigation on state television Saturday night....(size: 1.1Kb)
| Abidjan District d'Abidjan |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
 Abidjan
|
|||
| Coordinates: 5°19′N 4°02′W / 5.317°N 4.033°W / 5.317; -4.033Coordinates: 5°19′N 4°02′W / 5.317°N 4.033°W / 5.317; -4.033[1] | |||
| Country |  Côte d'Ivoire |
||
| Region | Lagunes Region | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Pierre Djédji Amondji (FPI) | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 2,119 km2 (818 sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 422 km2 (163 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2007)[2] | |||
| • City | 3,660,682 | ||
| • Metro | 6,169,102 | ||
| Time zone | GMT (UTC+0) | ||
Abidjan is the economic and former official capital of Côte d'Ivoire, while the current capital is Yamoussoukro. As of 2011[update] it was the largest city in the nation and the third-largest French-speaking city in the world, after Paris and Kinshasa, but before Montreal.[3] It has, according to the authorities of the country in 2006, 5,068,858 residents in the metropolitan area and 3,796,677 residents in the municipality. Only Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, has a larger number of inhabitants in this region. Considered a cultural hub of West Africa, Abidjan is characterized by a high level of industrialization and urbanization. The city stands in Ébrié Lagoon, on several converging peninsulas and islands, connected by bridges.
The city grew after the construction of a new wharf in 1931 and its designation as the capital of the then French colony in 1933. The completion of the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled it to become an important sea port. In 1983, Yamoussoukro was designated as the nation's capital, but most government offices and foreign embassies are still in Abidjan.
Contents |
Geography[link]
Abidjan lies on the south-east coast of the country in the Gulf of Guinea. The city lies on the Ébrié Lagoon. The business district Le Plateau is the centre of the city, along with Cocody', Deux Plateaux (the wealthiest neighborhood and a hubbub for diplomats), and the slum of Adjamé on the north shore of the lagoon. Treichville and Marcory lie to the south, Commune d' Attecoube by its extension to Locodjro and Abobo Doume and Yopougon to the west, and Gbagba and N'Gbotroya (Locodjro) called today Boulay Island in the middle of the lagoon. Further south lies Port Bouët, home to the airport and main seaport. Abidjan is located at 5°25′ North, 4°2′ West (5.41667, −4.03333).[4]
Climate[link]
The city has a tropical monsoon climate with a long rainy season from May through July, a short rainy season (September–November) and two dry seasons, though rain is seen even during these dry seasons. Abidjan is generally humid throughout the year, with humidity generally at or higher than 80 percent. During the rainy season it can rain continuously for several consecutive days, or intensely for over an hour. The rainfall is abundant at about 2,000 mm per year.[5] The monthly rainfall varies between about 40 mm and 500 mm in January to June and the temperature is almost constant at around 27 °C (80.6 °F).[6]
| Climate data for Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.17 (86.30) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.25 (73.85) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 41.0 (1.614) |
53.0 (2.087) |
99.0 (3.898) |
125.0 (4.921) |
361.0 (14.213) |
495.0 (19.488) |
213.0 (8.386) |
53.0 (2.087) |
71.0 (2.795) |
168.0 (6.614) |
201.0 (7.913) |
79.0 (3.11) |
1,959 (77.13) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 7 | 137 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 210.8 | 209.0 | 220.1 | 216.0 | 201.5 | 129.0 | 130.2 | 114.7 | 138.0 | 204.6 | 225.0 | 207.7 | 2,206.6 |
| Source no. 1: [2] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: HKO (sunshine hours only) | |||||||||||||
Territorial division[link]
Abidjan is composed of two parts (northern Abidjan and southern Abidjan) with ten communes.
Northern Abidjan[link]
- Abobo : the town consists mainly of public housing. It has long played the role of refuge for migrants with low financial means. This area has developed spontaneously around the station.
- Adjamé : Although small in size, this commune is very important for the Ivorian economy, given the number of commercial activities taking place there. Unfortunately, Adjame experiences problems of sanitation. The village Ébrié existed before Abidjan developed. Its market is the realm of shops of all kinds and its bus station is the main crossing bus lines that feed the country and neighbouring countries.
- Yopougon : it is the most populated commune of Abidjan, lying partly in Northern Anidjan and partly across the lagoon in Southern Abidjan. It is home to industrial and residential areas. The research station ORSTOM, Pasteur Institute and a teaching hospital are established
- Plateau : the business centre with tall buildings looks very modern in Abidjan. Although the administrative capital of Côte d'Ivoire has been officially transferred to Yamoussoukro in 1983, the institutions of the republic such as the Presidency and National Assembly are still in Plateau. It is the main administrative commercial and financial center of Côte d'Ivoire.
- Attécoubé : Banco forest, classified as a national park, is located within this commune. A massive shopping complex, probably the largest in Abidjan, has been built there.[7]
- Cocody : famous for its residential districts (2-Trays, Riviera), Cocody University also has the same name (University of Cocody – public institution) and some private universities. Home Television (RTI) is located in Cocody. The President of the Republic resides in this commune. Cocody is also the embassy's district.
Southern Abidjan[link]
- Koumassi : This commune has an important industrial area.
- Marcory : This commune is mainly a residential area.
- Biétry and Zone 4 are residential areas where many foreigners live
- Port-Bouët : This commune includes both a refinery (Ivorian Company Refining CRS) and the Félix Houphouët-Boigny International Airport. There is also an established office of the IRD, the centre of Little Bassam.[8] His famous lighthouse sweeps the Gulf of Guinea on several nautical miles.
- Vridi : the beach area is busy every weekend, although the ocean is very aggressive the "bar" does a little to move away from the shore, a phenomenon widely along the Gulf of Guinea. From 1950, Vridi has become the main employment areas in Abidjan because of the increasing number of factories and warehouses
- Treichville : This commune is home to the Autonomous Port of Abidjan and many shops. The port area is also an industrial area. There is also the pool of State Treichville (PET), the palace of sports Treichville, the Palace of Culture, street 12, racetrack Abidjan...
Suburbs[link]
The main towns which are near Abidjan are Jacqueville, Grand-Lahou and Dabou in the west, Sikensi, Tiassalé, Agboville, Adzopé and Aleppo in the north, and Grand-Bassam to the east.
The towns of Songon, Bingerville and Anyama were incorporated in 2001 into the Department of Abidjan.
[edit] Origin of the name "Abidjan"
According to oral tradition of the Ébrié as reported in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Côte d'Ivoire,[9] the name "Abidjan" results from a misunderstanding. Legend states that an old man carrying branches to repair the roof of his house met a European explorer who asked him the name of the nearest village. The old man did not speak the language of the explorer, and thought that he was being asked to justify his presence in that place. Terrified by this unexpected meeting, he fled shouting "min-chan m'bidjan", which means in the Ébrié language: "I just cut the leaves." The explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan.
A slightly different and less elaborate version of the legend: When the first colonists asked a native man the name of the place, the man misunderstood and replied "M'bi min djan": "I've just been cutting leaves".[10]
History[link]
Colonial era[link]
Abidjan was originally a small fishing village. In 1896, following a series of deadly yellow fever epidemics, the French colonists who first settled in Bassam decided to move to a safer place. Their movement was followed by the colonial government created in 1899, although nearby Bingerville became capital of the French colony from 1900 until 1934.
The future Abidjan, situated on the edge of the lagoon n'doupé ("the lagoon in hot water, "future "Ébrié Lagoon"), offered more space and greater opportunities for trade expansion. The wharf in Petit Bassam (now Port-Bouet) south of the town, quickly overtook in importance the wharf of Grand-Bassam, hitherto the main economic access to the colony. From 1904, when Bingerville was not yet complete, Abidjan became the main economic hub of the colony of Côte d'Ivoire and a prime channel for distributing products to the European hinterland, particularly through the Lebanese community which was increasingly important.
Henri Terrasson de Fougères became governor of French Sudan in 1924, and remained the governor until his death in 1931. One of the main streets of Abidjan still bears his name.
In 1931, Plateau and what became Treichville were connected approximately at the position of the bridge Houphouet Boigny by a floating bridge. That year, it was first addressed as the streets of Abidjan. It temporarily held the name in 1964, under the leadership of Mayor Konan Kanga, completed by the Americans in 1993.
Abidjan became the third capital of Côte d'Ivoire, after Grand-Bassam and Bingerville by a decree on 10 August 1933. Several villages in Tchaman were then deserted. It is particularly Adjame ("center" in Tchaman), located at the north of the Plateau, which is still the leader of the Tchaman community.
South of the Plateau district (the current central district of the city of Abidjan), the village of Dugbeo was moved across the lagoon to Anoumabo, "the forest of fruit bats", which became the neighborhood of Treichville (now Commikro). This area was thus renamed in 1934 in honour of Marcel Treich-Laplénie (1860–1890), the first explorer of Côte d'Ivoire and its first colonial administrator, considered its founder. Instead of Dugbeyo, is the current Treich Laplénie Avenue, the bus station and water lagoon buses in Plateau, and the Avenue Charles de Gaulle (commonly called Rue du Commerce).
The city was laid out like the usual colonial towns on the basis of a rather utopian plan. Le Plateau ("m'brato" in Tchaman) was inhabited by settlers. In the north, the city was inhabited by the colonized. The two zones were separated by the Gallieni Military Barracks, instead of the current courthouse.
Near the port and along a petanque, originally named Boulevard de Marseille, facetious settlers who had "borrowed" a street sign of a famous street of Marseille renamed the street Canebière, a sand track. This is the legend behind the first Blohorn oil mills, in Cocody. A racetrack was built in the south of the city that never stops growing.
Le Plateau in the 1940s, the hotel grew and became Bardon Park Hotel, the first air-conditioned hotel working in francophone Africa.
After independence[link]
After independence in 1960, the old settler town became the administrative center and business headquarters of the Presidency. The axis south of Treichville, towards the international airport and the beaches, became the headquarters of European and middle-class Abidjan. There, in November 2004, focus was on the anti-French riots and looting. The Cocody district, famous for a gentleman embodied in film by Jean Marais, which should be a vast indigenous district according to the colonial urban pattern, became an upscale neighborhood including the presidential residence, the embassy of France, Hotel Ivorian (which for a long time, was the only African hotel to have a skating rink), and since 2006, the largest U.S. embassy in Africa. Large areas have grown popular among these clusters, extended by areas of poor housing and poverty fed by the rural exodus and sub-regional immigration.
In 1983 the village of Yamoussoukro (literally the city of Queen Yamoussoukro) became the new political capital of Ivory Coast under the leadership of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny who was born in Yamoussoukro.
Since 1999, Abidjan has been penalized by the political and economic Ivorian disaster. Since the 80s, despite undeniable improvements and because of the negligence of officials, corruption as well as general degradation of the city of Abidjan has been prevalent. In 2006, the mass poisoning of people by pollutants dumped in landfills are illustrations of an inevitable drama.[11] (case of the Probo Koala).
Politics[link]
Administration[link]
Organisation[link]
Formerly managed by the French "colonial administration", Abidjan became a municipality in 1956, and was divided into administrative areas by lagoons. Its first municipal council was elected on 18 November 1956, and the first mayor in the context of the Framework Law of 1956 was president Félix Houphouët-Boigny. A law of 1978 established twenty-seven municipalities full year in the country. After the application of this new organization, Dioulo Emmanuel was elected mayor of Abidjan on 30 November 1980.
| Date of election | Name | Party | Background | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | Félix Houphouët-Boigny | PDCI-RDA | Politician | Elected |
| Antoine Filidori | Industry | Appointed | ||
| Jean Porquet | Industry | Appointed | ||
| Antoine Konan Kanga | PDCI-RDA | Politician | Appointed | |
| 1980 | Emmanuel Dioulo | PDCI-RDA | Politician | Elected |
| 1985 | Mobio N'Koumo | PDCI-RDA | Politician | Elected |
Since 2001, the city has been run as a department divided into ten municipalities (communes) and with three new sub-prefectures at Anyama, Bingerville and Songon. The post of Mayor of Abidjan was replaced by the District Governor, appointed by the head of state. The position has been occupied by Pierre Djedji Amondji since 2002. However, each of the ten municipalities of Abidjan has its own municipal council headed by a mayor. The last municipal elections were held in March 2001.
| Commune | Mayor | Political party |
|---|---|---|
| Abobo | Adama Toungara | RDR |
| Adjamé | Youssouf Sylla | RDR |
| Attécoubé | Danho Paulin | PDCI-RDA |
| Cocody | Jean-Baptiste Gomont Diagou | FPI |
| Plateau | Akossi Noel Bendjo | PDCI-RDA |
| Yopougon | Gbamnan Djidan Jean Félicien | FPI |
| Treichville | François Amichia | PDCI-RDA |
| Koumassi | N'Dohi Yapi Raymond | PDCI-RDA |
| Marcory | Marcellin Akanda Assi | FPI |
| Port-Bouët | Hortense Aka-Anghui | PDCI-RDA |
The communes of Abobo, Adjamé, Attécoubé, Cocody, and Plateau are located north of the Ébrié Lagoon (hence the name "Abidjan North"). This is the continental part of Abidjan. The commune of Yopougon straddles the lagoon, with part lying north and part south of that body of water. The communes of Treichville, Koumassi, Marcory and Port-Bouet in Abidjan are south of the lagoon.
Blokosso and Locodjro villages are included within the city and maintain cultural identity in urban areas.
Places of interest[link]
The University of Abidjan, several technical colleges, and the National Library of Côte d'Ivoire and National museum are in the city.
Sights in Abidjan include St Paul's Cathedral, designed by Aldo Spirito, the Cocody Municipal Museum of Contemporary Art and the Parc du Banco rainforest reserve. Le Plateau is known for its skyscrapers, unusual in West Africa.
Le Plateau is the business centre of Abidjan. With its gleaming skyscrapers, chic boutiques and outdoor cafes, le Plateau is a favourite place of business travellers. There are many different banks located in the le Plateau district.
Government institutions[link]
The majority of Ivorian government institutions are still located in Abidjan until the end of the transfer of the Ivorian capital Yamoussoukro: the President's office in Cocody,[12] the parliament,[13] the Constitutional Council, the Supreme Court (Court of Cassation, Council state and the court of accounts), the Chancellery of the National Order. However, the current president, Laurent Gbagbo, elected in 2000, decided to give effect to the project of making the political capital Yamoussoukro in Côte d'Ivoire, despite the events since 2002.[14] This recent decision is a consensus on the part of the country's political leaders.
Government offices are located in Le Plateau[15] in the administrative district of Abidjan, Boulevard Carde or Angoulvant Boulevard (near the Cathedral of St. Paul of Abidjan), or elsewhere in the great buildings of the town.
Security[link]
Since 2004, when virtually all prisoners of Abidjan (MACA ...)[16] are released from prison, insecurity has increased significantly: increase in crimes and misdemeanors, increased drug seizures. Besides the presence of the police, gendarmerie, the impartial forces (UNOCI whose headquarters are in Attécoubé and a large base to Biétry), French soldiers based in Port-Bouet and the Ivorian army, were created in the 2000 by the CECOS and several private security firms.
In 2007, Permanent Danger by Pierre Laba a film about the laxity of the police against the banditry in major African cities in the image of the Ivorian capital was out in cinema
Police[link]
Abidjan is divided into districts, each of which has a police station. The municipal police and national police are distinguished.
The police's training center (National Police Academy) located in the town of Cocody, where all police are trained. They are recruited by competitive examination held by the police administration. The policy includes several sections, it is the BAE (Anti Riot Squad), whose base is located in the Yopougon north of the city, the CRS (Republican Security Company), whose main base is located in Williamsville (Adjame) also includes a secondary base called CRS2 which is located in zone 4 in the town of Marcory (central capital).
The Force and CECOS (Command Center Security Operations) accompany the police.
The main base of the gendarmerie is Agban (common Adjamé), another in Abobo and Kumasi, It also has training school "School de Gendarmerie" in Cocody and the city.
Drugs[link]
Since 2000, Côte d'Ivoire has experienced a sharp rise in drug trafficking. The drug dens occur mainly in informal settlements as rail or behind Abobo Adjamé Bramokoté. Surveys show that the drug comes from Asia[17] responding to a recent spike in demand among young unemployed and Ivorian vagrants. The Ivorian police are increasingly focused on the fight against trafficking and drug use in the district of Abidjan. A report by the Office of the UN says the West Africa plays an increasingly important transit of cocaine to the Latin American Europe.[18] According to an investigation by the commission for the fight against drug trafficking UN, 46 percent of youth in West Africa is dependent on the drug. In May 2007, seven drug houses were dismantled and 191 people arrested including a military officer.[19] · .[20]
French military base[link]
Abidjan is home to Port-Bouet, one of the six French military bases that still exist in Africa (Dakar, Libreville, Bouar CAR, N'Djamena and Djibouti). Thousands of people live there, around the 43rd BIMA which is permanently parked in accordance with established defense agreements 24 April 1961 linking the two countries The presence of the French military base on the territory of Ivory Coast.[21]
Relationships and partnerships[link]
Diplomacy and international bodies[link]
Abidjan is the regional headquarters of major international institutions: UNICEF, UN Development Program, World Health Organization, World Food Program, UNOPS,[22] UNFPA,[23] International Labour Organization (ILO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), etc.
The great nations of the world all have representation in Abidjan, most of which serve sub-region
The American Embassy is located in Côte d'Ivoire[24] while the African Development Bank (ADB)[25] moved for a while to Tunisia, which is the largest financial institution in Africa.
Sister cities[link]
Abidjan is sister cities with:
Tianjin, China
Marseille, France
São Paulo, Brazil
San Francisco, US- Alfortville, France (twinned with cocody)
Kumasi, Ghana (twinned with Treichville)- Pontault-Combault, France (twinned with Anyama)
- Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Miscellaneous[link]
In the 1980s, Jean-Bédel Bokassa took refuge after his ouster from power in the Central Africa Republic.
Society[link]
The 1998 Census revealed Abidjan's population to be 2,877,923. Estimates for the population of the Abidjan metropolitan area as of 2005[update] vary between 4 and 5 million inhabitants. As Abidjan is inhabited by people from a wide array of different ethnicities, the French language is used as the language of communication in the metropolitan area, which is the third-largest French speaking metropolitan area in the world after Paris and Kinshasa.[citation needed] A specific colloquial Abidjan French has even appeared, with a pronunciation and some colloquial words distinct from standard French. The area of Abidjan is recognized as one of only two areas in Africa where French (colloquial Abidjan French) is truly a native tongue,[26] the other one being Libreville, Gabon.[27]
Demographics[link]
The figures as of 2006 estimate the Abidjanaise population at 3,796,677. In 2006, the metropolitan area of Abidjan had 5,060,858 inhabitants. This population increase can be attributed to the displacement caused by the war (since September 2002). This city has many inhabitants who come to live downtown because they seek employment and safer lodgings.
| 1920 | 1946 | 1970 | 1978 | 1998 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,000 | 48,000 | 500,000 | 1,200,000 | 3,125,890 | 3,660,682 |
| Numbers since 1920: Population without duplication | |||||
By 1950, Abidjan had just exceeded a population of 50,000 (at the end of 1948). Reaching a population of a million by the end of 1975, the city grew at a rate of 10 to 12% per year: a doubling every 6 or 7 years. However, this growth underwent a sharp decline due to the crises of the 1980s and 1990s. In the last 20 years of the 20th century, the growth rate dropped to 3–6%. Growth by birth rate was supplemented by migration, with the influx being substantial and the outflow only partly compensating the arrivals. Positive migration, prior to the census of 1988, contributed a growth of about 80,000 with 50,000 people from within Côte d'Ivoire, and about 30,000 from abroad per year. From within Côte d'Ivoire, the migration pattern was dominated by Akan (South-east, 48%), then Mandé (North-west, 24%) and Krou (South-west, 20%). From abroad, the migration was Burkinabes (30%), Malians (22%), Ghanaians (19%), Nigerien (11%), and Guineans (9%).[28] It should be noted that of the Non-African migration, Lebanese migration exceeded that of Europeans, with the French being largest of these. All in all, non-African migration represents hardly 3% of the total population of Abidjan, which is still the highest in the area.
The last population census in the country took place in 1998. It presented 2,877,948 inhabitants for the city.[29]
The figures for 2006 estimated the population of Abidjan to 3,796,677 inhabitants, while the larger metropolitan area of Abidjan had 5,060,858 inhabitants. This population increase is mainly due to war-displaced since the events of September 2002. The town hosts many people in search of both jobs and a more secure
It planned to hold a new census in 2008.[30]
Languages[link]
The traditional language of the city was Ébrié. Since independence, the official language in Abidjan and throughout Côte d'Ivoire is French. French spoken in Abidjan is called French or French Ivorian Popular moussa. This differs from the standard French pronunciation. Another form of spoken French in Abidjan is nouchi which is a kind of popular slang in youth. The lingua franca, spoken and understood by most of the trading population of Abidjan, is the Dioula. Finally, the city hosts many Ivorians from all over the country, all the vernacular languages of the country, about sixty, are spoken the l'attié, le baoulé, le bété, le wobé
Abidjan is still surrounded by more than thirty villages where primarily Baulé and Ébrié are spoken.
Education[link]
In Côte d'Ivoire, the enrollment rate is 74 percent[31] and access to secondary education is limited by an entrance in the sixth stage after which 1 / 3 of students is allowed to continue their studies 24percent of the student population resides in Abidjan .out of 20percent of the population. Abidjan is the location of the main educational institutions in Côte d'Ivoire. These includes the Lycée Classique d'Abidjan, the Lycée Sainte-Marie de Cocody Lycée Boy Bingerville Mami Adjoua the Lyceum, the school-Blaise Pascal Abidjan is a French school (mean school French school who signed an agreement with the ADFE.[32]
Health[link]
The city has a care package complete.[citation needed] Besides, many traditional medicine establishments sell old drugs in the street.[citation needed] There are numerous health centers and pharmacies, many pharmacopoeias.[citation needed] The city has more than fifty clinics, and over sixty specialist (veterinary, dermatology, dental, optometry, motherhood, psychology, pediatrics, etc.)[citation needed].
Urbanism and habitat[link]
Modern districts like Plateau or Cocody have developed like those in Europe with the construction of large office towers, apartment buildings between the 1970s and the mid-1980.[33]
Traditional neighborhoods like Treichville or Marcory maintained the system of "concessions" where housing is adjacent to the plant and the system of "court" group of which several houses, within the normal organization and multi centuries-old villages Africans.[34]
The district of Cocody is also home to many single-storey wooden villas, surrounded by vast gardens where there is lush vegetation fed by heavy rains that water the city. Recently, it became "fashionable" for wealthier inhabitants to construct villas in imitation of Greek temples in this district. In addition, many houses were built on stilts on the edge of the Ébrié Lagoon.
The town hall, a fine example of modernist architecture, was designed by architect Henry Chomette.
Problems with urban network[link]
The urban network is disrupted as Abidjan has seen its population double every seven years since 1945. Rural people attracted by the opportunities of the future of the city form the bulk of inward migration. Abidjan represents 45 percent of city dwellers in Ivory Coast and 20 percent of the overall population. However, if a significant rise was observed for half a century, its growth would not have been more than 4.5 percent per year (compared to 10 percent from 1960 to 1990) and we find more than one third of Rural involved in the growth of the city (two thirds from 1960 to 1990). Despite this decline, the city is still the most populated in comparison to the second largest city in the country, Bouaké (1,500,000 inhabitants) or the political capital, Yamoussoukro (100,000 inhabitants) Urban development control should be regularized as this is the prerequiste for all the urban facilities. There will be no more encroachments and subversiver activities in urban center if the development control is implemented.
Urban squalor[link]
Despite the case of the Probo Koala-2006,[35] sanitary conditions which affect Africa could be solved in Abidjan. Indeed, a contract was signed between China and Côte d'Ivoire: a Chinese company handling urban waste and industrial plans to treat all waste district this transformation also create daily cleaning. The project is funded 60 percent by China and 40 percent by Côte d'Ivoire. A gigantic waste treatment center is built at Attengué. 15,000 permanent jobs and 5,000 seasonal jobs will be created through this project.[36]
Urban rehabilitation[link]
The last building program of roads in Abidjan, led to the consolidation of certain roads in the capital in 1994. Since May 2007, the company Ageroute (Road Management Agency) is undertaking major operations in Abidjan and Anyama. These works relating to roads badly damaged, suffering from lack of maintenance, and heavy rain events, gutters, roads not tarred[37] · .[38] The District and BNETD plan to rehabilitate and construct 400 to 500 kilometers, providing them with a quality 15 to 20 years of life.
Improvements include the rehabilitation of roads in Abidjan and Anyama, construction of drains, the tarring of gravel roads and sanitation of the city by the construction of sewers. These rehabilitations affect all municipalities in Abidjan:
- In Cocody, at a cost of 3 billion CFA francs, was taken to the reconstruction of the Corniche, one of the busiest routes in the municipality. Reconstruction has been extended by the dam of the limit, located at the crossroads of life, to filter all runoff from their waste before they throw themselves into the lagoon.
- At Yopougon, the rehabilitation nerve Sand continues with the construction of a culvert 200 feet long designed to slow the streaking wastewater, the main cause of degradation pathways.
- In Abobo extent of degradation of the road requires a significant investment in manufacturing and installation of gutters to ensure proper sanitation. The rehabilitation of roads and highways continues.
Economy[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009) |
The principal stock exchange of the country, the Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (BRVM), is located in the city.[citation needed] Air Ivoire has its head office in Abidjan.[39]
Prior to its dissolution, Air Afrique was headquartered in Abidjan.[40]
Industry[link]
Major industries include food processing, lumber, automobile manufacturing, and the manufacture of textiles, chemicals, and soap. There is also a large oil refinery. Kalys Engineering (www.kalysengineering.com), a US based company presided by an ivorian is initiating a homegrow business in Civil Engineering, Environment and the production of Clean Energy from biomass and Municipal Solid Waste. In the nearly year, Kalys Engineering, in partnership with Groupe Eoulee and US world class companies, will get the Akouedo landfill in the production of the Electricity and/or bio-fuel from an average of 1,000 tons/day garbage dumped over 3,000 tons/day generated by the town of Abidjan.
The region of the lagoons is the most industrialized region of the country.
Its industries are mainly Construction and Maintenance with the presence of major international groups: the furnace SETAO, Colas, Bouygues, Jean Lefebvre, and Swiss Holcim.
There are textile industries with the packaging of the grown cotton in the north either for export or for on-site processing of cloth, canvas, batik clothing and miscellaneous. The textile sector is very dynamic, representing 15.6percent of net investment, 13percent of turnover and 24percent of the value added of Ivorian industry.
There are several oil wells off the coast offshore operations (Côte d'Ivoire is an oil producing country, even if it is not self-sufficient in this area), which leads to the presence chemical industry with refineries pétrole,[41] et un port pour hydrocarbures., and a port for oil. It also works on stones and precious metals for exportation[42] · .[43]
The city also has a large wood processing activity mainly at the port by river from the forests of central Canada. It is exported either as natural as mahogany which was already sold two centuries ago by the English Victorian or in a semi-industrialized: peeled wood, plywood, chipboard.
In the food industry mainly include: the production of oil palm, processing of bergamot and Seville oranges, processing of rubber from plantations in the west, the manufacture of beverages from pineapples, oranges[44] and mangoes, and especially the roasting of coffee, robust type, came from the plantations of the West whose country is the third largest producer, behind Colombia and Brazil[45] as well as packaging and processing of cocoa, including Ivory Coast's, the world's leading producer to Ghana and Indonesia.[46] (37% of cocoa and 10% of coffee products undergo at least one first local processing). Abidjan is also the first African tuna port, and three plants condition tuna primarily for the European market. This activity generates about 3,000 salaried jobs, and is an important source of foreign exchange.
As in all countries of the Third World developing countries, much of the city's economy lies in what economists describe as informal economy[47] with its many "odd jobs".[48]
Tertiary sector[link]
The development of tertiary industry, with the establishment of international commercial banks and the increasing number of service companies of all types, appears to be the trend of recent years. Abidjan is the main financial center of French West Africa. The seat of the common purse of West Africa (BRVM) is located in Abidjan. BRVM is mainly dominated by Ivorian firms.
Electricity[link]
The thermal power plant Azito, built in 1997 in partnership with EDF, located on the Yopougon on the edge of the lagoon and facing Ébrié Island Boulay, alone provides 300 MW.[49] Two other power plants, built in 1984 and 1985, are installed in Vridi. Several utilities are installed in Abidjan: SOPIE which is a corporation State,[50] ICE and SOPREL, subsidiaries of the French group SAUR[51] (Côté d'Ivoire produces all the electricity it consumes, and exports to neighboring countries, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Mali and Burkina Faso through the interconnection.[52]
The production, which increases steadily, and gas storage are provided by two state companies: PETROCI and GESTOCI.[53] A small industry of renewable energy production has also developed.[54]
Telecommunication and ICT[link]
The city has a powerful fixed telephony network of 450,000 lines (in 2004) managed by Côte d'Ivoire Telecom. Broadband Internet connections, leased lines and ADSL are powered by various providers: Aviso Ivory Coast Telecoms. Africa is Line,[55] Globe Access, Afnet,[56] and as the news portal www.abidjan24.net
Banking system[link]
Abidjan is home to all the representatives of international financial institutions: World Bank, International Monetary Fund, African Development Bank, BOAD, etc. Banking Commission of WAEMU regional stock exchange securities subsidiaries of major international banks: BNP Paribas, General bank, Crédit Lyonnais, Citibank, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Barclays, etc. Sixteen national banks (SGBCI, BICI, etc.) maintaining a network of 170 branches, seven financial institutions and more than thirty insurance companies make a financial competitive Abidjan that animates the entire West Africa.
Transportation[link]
Trains on the line to Ouagadougou run from several stations in the city, the most important being in Treichville. Ferries link Treichville, Abobo-Doumé and Le Plateau. Felix Houphouet Boigny International Airport[57] serves the city.
Transport[link]
SOTRA (Abidjan Transport Company) ensure regular urban transportation in Abidjan via bus, taxi and luggage Line Express.
Sotra has announced the start of work for the use of light rail to Abidjan. The project has three phases at a cost of 125 billion CFA francs for a long loop of 32 km.
Taxis[link]
It is very difficult to imagine the streets of the city without cabs. There are two kinds: the taxi-meter, color orange, which can travel throughout the city, and woro-woro, yellow and green or blue or orange depending on the commune, which are limited to a neighborhood. They are often used in taxi mode
Airport[link]
Abidjan International Airport has a large capacity that allows it to accommodate all existing large aircraft. Abidjan is located an hour's flight from all the capitals of the sub-region. Abidjan is served by major airlines in the direction of the great capitals of the world. Headquarters of the former multinational African Air company, Abidjan knows a traffic of nearly 900,000 passengers (1995 figure)
Circulation[link]
The District[58] has several paved streets and boulevards linking the towns between them and the District across the country. Abidjan has a network of urban bypasses.
River transport is already consistent with the fishing smacks and the many boat-buses connecting the various neighborhoods of the city thrives plan lagoon.
Abidjan is also the bridgehead of the country's only highway linking the city to the administrative and political capital, Yamoussoukro.
Port[link]
Abidjan has the biggest port in the sub-region (West Africa), which is also the second biggest in Africa; the biggest being in Lagos. It is a container transshipment port and was opened in 1951 in the presence of the Minister of Overseas and Colonies at the time, François Mitterrand. Thanks to the 15m deep Vridi Canal, boats with large draughts can dock in the deep-water port.[59]
The Côte d'Ivoire is in the Franc Zone (where the currency is CFA francs), as part of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Abidjan is the economic centre of both the Côte d'Ivoire and of the whole region, including Burkina Faso and Mali; this is mainly because of its deep-water port, which opened in 1951. The road network in Abidjan (5,600 km asphalted in 1995, compared to 1,000kmm in 1970), which covers the whole region, effectively increases its port activity as 50% of the business from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger pass through it.
Abidjan receives the bulk of the country's industrial activity; its port alone receiving 60% of ivory park industry. Abidjan's ambitions of oil-production must be noted (off-shore production and especially refining and distribution). In 1995 the port received 12 million tonnes of traffic, of which 5.5 million tonnes were petroleum products.
Bridges[link]
The two halves of the city, Northern Abidjan and Southern Abidjan, are joined by the Houphouët-Boigny and Charles de Gaulle bridges. These two bridges are located between Treichville and Le Plateau. Charles de Gaulle Bridge extends over the immense Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Boulevard which leads to the airport. Unfortunately, their capacity is markedly insufficient, especially during rush hour times or on the occasion of police and military roadblocks, when there is immense traffic congestion. This assessment prompted the government to consider a construction project for a third possible bridge which would be located between Cocody and Marcory. However, due to political upheavals which the country has been experiencing since December 1999, these plans have been suspended, and according to the Minister for Infrastructure of the government under Guillaume Soro, they should have been taken up again in 2008. Yet the project had already been started: people had been relocated and buildings had been destroyed in Marcory, opposite the Mille Maquis (the famous restaurant la Bâche bleue was moved).[60]
Trains and trams[link]
The city is the foothold for the region's only railway: the Abidjan-Ouagadougou line, with stations in Treichville, Abobo and Adjamé. This line only has two trains, the Gazelle and the Bélier, and links the two capitals in about 40 hours.[61]
The most recent project in Abidjan is one for an electric train which is promised by the Ivory Society of Railroads (SICF).[62]
The development of infrastructural projects has been envisaged, including a suburban train system in Abidjan which is estimated to cost almost 100 billion CFA francs. This suburban train system would link the North-West to the East and North of the city. The project extends over 25 km of railway tracks which as of 2011[update] were used by the operator Sitarail, a subsidiary company of the Bolloré group. The infrastructural works (tracks, electrification, and civil engineers) have been estimated at 40 billion CFA francs, financed by the State of Côte d'Ivoire and backers (World Bank and the French Development Agency). In addition, a BOT concession contract would be given to a private operator, over 20–30 years, to operate the network. This operator will be in charge of the acquisition of railway materials, workshop renovation and the implementation of an organisational system. The concession contract has been estimated at around 60 billion CFA francs.
Tourism[link]
Abidjan is a unique city in Africa. Its nicknames, such as "Manhattan of the tropics", "Small Manhattan" or "Pearl of the lagoons", explain the city's unpredictable and triumphant image. With its accommodation facilities – such as the Golf Hôtel – and sporting facilities, its lively night life, transport and communication lines as well as its impressiveness, it is the perfect city for business tourism.
Abidjan also has beaches around the lagoon, with palm and coconut trees, in the Vridi area, which are very popular at weekends with the picturesque sight of the pineapple and coconut sellers. Nevertheless, the "ban phenomenon",[clarification needed] which affects practically the whole of the Gulf of Guinea's coast, means that in this area swimming is not usually allowed.
Generally, in the Côte d'Ivoire, tourism has never really been developed as an economic industry; the country does not appear among common holiday destinations.
Parc du Banco (Banco National Park)[link]
Converted in 1926, this park has 3,000 hectares and ancient "sacred wood" lies at the entrance to the city, in the Attécoubé community, which has been conserved as a relic of the first forest which surrounded the lagoon in the past. A tarmaced road goes straight to the lake at the heart of the park and trails go throughout it. The park is inhabited and there are coffee and cocoa plantations.
At the edge of the park, a small river serves as a wash-house where the fanicos, laundry men, work after collecting the laundry from the whole of the city. It is one of the ‘small jobs’ which exist in Abidjan.
Night life[link]
Overall, the night life in Abidjan is considered to be one of the liveliest in the whole of Africa.
The district has an abundance of night-clubs, maquis, out-door areas and go-go bars. These entertainment platforms provide a musical ‘pipeline’ encompassing mainly DJs, Coupé Décalé and Zouglou, and, in lesser amounts, other local and international varieties.
Formerly containing only local traditional varieties, Congolese music and Western music, Abidjan's night life has experienced a positive cultural disruption in its music since the start of the 2000s, with the arrival of Coupé Décalé.
Indeed, this musical genre was introduced in 2002 by Douk Saga and JetSet, with the help of Sagacité, created a phenomenon which has not stopped spreading and reaching out to the hot nights in the capitals of the sub-region. It has given a cultural identity, globally identifiable, to entertainment ‘Made in Côte d'Ivoire’.
The very popular Zouglou additionally benefits "Wôyô" spaces; furnished and dedicated so that the most famous, the Internat at Fitini's and the Lycee at Vieux Gazeur's, attract ‘zouglouphiles’ the whole weekend.
Treichville, with its many maquis, discothèques and jazz clubs, used to be the liveliest area in the city, but since the end of the 90s Youpougon, Marcory and Cocody have taken over this role.
Culture[link]
Religious buildings[link]
The Treichville mosque, the Cocody mosque, the Plateau Mosque,[63] and Saint-Paul's Cathedral in Abidjan, created by the architect Aldo Spirito and inaugurated by Pope John Paul II in 1985, make up the city's main religious buildings. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Abidjan.
Monuments and museums[link]
- In Cocody:
- The Goethe Institute.[65]
- The Municipal Museum.[66]
- The American Culture Centre (CCA)
- The Ki Yi M'Bock Village[67] (in the Riviera).
- Cocody Museum of Contemporary Art.[68]
- Point d'Orgue, private music education centre
- In Plateau:
- The French Cultural Centre (CCF)
- The Ivory Coast Museum of Civilisations
- The National Museum: presents a collection of Ivory Coast art (statues, masks, jewellery, tools, carved doors, tom-toms and musical instruments from every region in the country). It is free entry, but there is the possibility of a voluntary donation when you leave.
- In Treichville:
- The Sports Palace
- The Cultural Palace.[69]
- The Abidjan artisanal centre (CAVA)
Cinema[link]
Festivals[link]
Each year film festivals are organised in Abidjan: The Clap-Ivoire Festival,[70] the Spanish Film Festival, the Ivory Coast National Film Festial (FESNACI) – the first of which was organised in 2007,[71] the short film festival (FIMA),[72] which has been organised since 1998 by Hanni Tchelley, the Abidjan Israeli Film Festival;[73] the fourth one took place in 2006 in the Goethe Institute.
Abidjan in cinema[link]
Several films depict or are devoted to the city:
- Le Sixième doigt, a film by Henri Duparc.
- Bronx-Barbès by Eliane Delatour released in 2000.[74]
- Caramel a film by Henri Duparc with Adrienne Koutouan, Fortuné Akakpo.
- Rue Princesse[75] a film by Henri Duparc with Félicité Wouassi, Akissi Delta, Gérard Essomba released in 1993.
- Danger Permanent[76] a film by Pierre Laba with Michel Bohiri, Michel Gohou, Adrienne Koutouan, Jimmy Danger.
- Un homme pour deux sœurs a film by Marie-Louise Asseu released in 2007, with Bétika, Jimmy Danger, Michel Gohou
- Le gentleman de Cocody a film by Christian-Jaque released in 1964, with Jean Marais, Philippe Clay, Robert Dalban, Jacques Morel, Gil Delamare, Maria Grazia Buccela, Nancy Holloway and Liselotte Pulver.
- Le virus, a film by Bleu Brigitte released in December 2007, with Fortuné Akakpo, Fanta Coulibaly, Tatianna de M'C Ensira.
Music[link]
Abidjan is a turntable for West African music, and a major producer of musical art in Africa. The city attracts the majority of musicians from the Côte d'Ivoire mainly because of its many discothèques, which allow artists to make their debut and express themselves, record companies and national media. Here are a few examples of the most popular artists to have made their debut in Abidjan: Alpha Blondy, Aïcha Koné, the group Magic System, Meiway, and Tiken Jah Fakoly, as well as Gadji Celi, Chantal Taiba, Nayanka Bell, DJ Arafat. In the 1980s Myriam Makeba came to the city, when she was not allowed back to her own country, South Africa, as did the Congolese diva Tshala Muana, apostle of the Soukous style of dance.
Since the 1990s Abidjan has had a significant variety of musical styles being exported throughout Africa and the West. These are namely Zoblazo, Mapouka, Zouglou and, since 2002, the Coupé Décalé; the popularity and great variety of these dances make the city a kind of African dance and musical trend capital. Congo-Kinchasa used to be known by this title; with Rumba, Soukous and then Ndombolo.
Abidjan is also considered to be the reggae capital of Africa.
Each year, the city organises the following music festivals:
- Faya Flow[77]
- Les Top d'or.[78]
- Concerto Festival.[79]
- Le Tiercé Gagnant[80]
- The RTI Music Awards.[81]
- Dj Mix Atalakou, organised by RTI Music TV[82]
- International Jazz Festival ofAbidjan (FIJA)
- International Festival of Black Music (FIMNA).[83] Organised every two years, alternating with the International Jazz Festival.
Media[link]
Most mass media in the Côte d'Ivoire can be found in Abidjan.
Television and radio[link]
The National Council for Audio-visual Communication (CNCA) is the regulating authority of audio-visual material in the Côte d'Ivoire.
Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne (RTI) is the radio and television broadcasting authority for the Ivory Coast; it is financed by licence fees, publicity and grants. RTI has four television channels and two radio stations: La Première (non-specialised), TV2, RTI Music TV, RTI Sport TV, Radio Côte d'Ivoire, and Fréquence 2 (non-specialised radio). Radio Jam is a private radio station in the Côte d'Ivoire, and is the station the most listened to by young people.
With regards to private channels, Tam-Tam TV will be the first International Côte d'Ivoire television channel with headquarters in Abidjan, with other studios in the United States, Italy, France, Asia, the Middle East.
There are also several Côte d'Ivoire TV channels or radio stations available on the Internet: Africahit, Music TV, Abidjan.net TV, Bengueshow, etc.
Press[link]
At the time of the single-party, a political situation which ruled over the country for 30 years like most other West African countries after independence, only one daily newspaper was distributed throughout the country: Fraternité Matin, from the parliamentary group PDCI-RDA, which was founded by the first president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny. The advent of multiple parties in the Côte d'Ivoire in 1999 can be seen in the proliferation of newspapers and diverse publications, of which the majority is published in Abidjan.[84]
|
Internet and digital TV[link]
The President, the Prime Minister, the government and ministers have an official website.
- The web portal Abidjan.net,[85] which is domiciled in California in the U.S., broadcasts information about the city and the country all over the world.[86] In the "global village" organisation, Abidjan has an Internet node and the number of internet-cafés there is increasing at an exponential rate, like the number of Internet users, which was estimated in 2007 to be 400,000.
- The web portal Abidjan24.net,[87] which is domiciled in Abidjan in the Côte d'Ivoire, broadcasts information about the city and the country all over the world.
Television channels[link]
- There is only one public state-owned channel (RTI), which is also in charge of radio.
- Channel 2 (TV2): in progress.
- Private channels and international radio: undeveloped, non-existent.
- Local radio stations: localised regional nature stations, not accessible out of the country.
Festivals and cultural events[link]
Theatre[link]
Dance[link]
- Urban Dance Festival.[89]
- Hip-hop is back. The 2007 show was on the 21 April, and Diam's and Rageman were guests. It took place on two stages at the Las Palmas Complex.
Fashion[link]
Several fashion events are organised in the city each year: "Les Féeries" (The Fairies),[90] the ceremonies for Miss Côte d'Ivoire, Miss Abidjan District, Miss Christmas (from 6–11 years) and Miss Awoulaba (very prestigious). Moreover, the Yéhé Fashion Show[91] takes place every year, a celebration of African fashion, and the International Festival of Lingerie and Beauty of Abidjan (FILBA).
Abidjan is also the headquarters for Côte d'Ivoire's clothes designers, renowned for being the best in Africa; including Gilles Touré (designer for Miss Côte d'Ivoire) or even Pathéo.
Miscellaneous[link]
- Climbie Beach Festival
- International Cartoon Festival,.[92]
- International Comedy Festival (FIRA) organised by Adama Dahico.[93]
Sport[link]
Côte d'Ivoire national sport (basketball, athletics, rugby, handball, volleyball, etc.), especially football, is very popular in Abidjan. Abidjan is home to the ASEC Mimosas football club, one of the country's leading football clubs followed by Africa Sport National.
Football[link]
- Ivory Coast Football Federation (FIF)
- Professional Clubs
| Club | Stadium | Founded in | Titles | Cups | F. H.-B. Cups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASEC Mimosas | Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny | 1948 | 22 | 14 | 11 |
| Africa Sports | Stade Robert Champroux | 1947 | 14 | 13 | 10 |
| Stade d'Abidjan | Stade Municipal d'Abidjan | 1936 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Stella Club d'Adjamé | Stade Auguste Denise | 1953 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Société Omnisports de l'Armée | Stade Robert Champroux | 1932 | 1 | 1 | |
| Jeunesse Abidjan | Stade Robert Champroux | 1932 | 1 | ||
| FC Satellite | Stade Imam Ali Timité | ||||
| EFYM | 1997 | ||||
| Rio-Sports d'Anyama | Parc des sports de Rio | 1990 |
- Each year a 7-a-side football tournament is organised: the Festival of Maracana d'Abidjan (FESTMA) which takes place in Yopougon.[94]
- Following the undeniable success of the "Football Academy" created by Jean-Marc Guillou (Académie Sol Béni), from which several old members have rejoined professional European clubs, several football training centres for young footballers have developed in recent years: the Cyril Domoraud Centre, Labo foot in Yopougon, the Centre ivoirien de formation de football d'Abidjan (CIFFA), l'Étoile Scientifique Football Abidjan (ESFA), etc.[95]
Events :
The main football event organised in Abidjan was the 1984 African Cup of Nations and one of the finals of the 1983 African Youth Cup of Nations.
In 1964 the Jeux d'Abidjan took place in Abidjan, as did the final of the African Cup Winners’ Cup in 1975, 1980, 1983 and 1990, then another in 1992 under the name of CAF Confederations Cup. The Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny was the host of the very first African Super Cup in 1992, and the second in 1998. The finals of the 1966, 1986, 1995 and 1998 CAF Champions League also took place in Abidjan.
The economic capital also attracted other football events such as the Assumption Tournament (the first one taking place in 2007 in the Stade Robert Champroux), the West African Club Championship (UFOA Cup), and international gala matches.
Other sports[link]
Basketball
- Côte d'Ivoire Basketball Federation[96]
- Clubs : Abidjan Basket Club, Club sportif Abidjanais,[97] ASEC Mimosas (basket-ball), Phénix Basket Club de Cocody and Génération Basket-ball Club (GBC) which is a new club of young volunteers who want to become basketball players.
Rugby
- Côte d'Ivoire Rugby Federation
- Clubs : Abidjan University Club, Treichville Biafra Olympic
Abidjan is the centre of Ivorian rugby, and most of the Côte d'Ivoire national rugby union team have come from here. Although the origins of Ivorian rugby go back to the 1960s and earlier, real growth came about when the paid French official Jean-François Turon managed to get the game adopted by Abidjan University at the turn of the 1980s, but it is François Dali who is seen as the father of Ivorian rugby, and his son was the national captain during the 1990s.[98]
Cycling
- Côte d'Ivoire Cycling Federation
- Clubs : ASFA Moossou, Club cycliste d'Azagui, AS Cavel de Koumassi, Cycliste club de l'océan, and the Club cycliste de Yopougon
Tennis
- Côte d'Ivoire Tennis[99] qui a organisé, which organised the first International Tennis tournament CEDEAO in 2007[100]
- Clubs : Seamen's Club, SGBCI Tennis Club, Tennis Club Hotel Ivoire, Sporting Club 2 Plateaux, Palm Club Abidjan Tennis, and the Lycée technique Abidjan Tennis Club
Judo
- Côte d'Ivoire Federation of Judo and Related Disciplines which organised the 15th Abidjan Tournament in 2007'.[101]
Athletics
Boxing
- Club : SOA Boxing Club d'Abidjan
Golf
- Côte d'Ivoire Golf Federation
- Club: Ivoire Golf Club
Facilities[link]
- Stadiums : Stade INJS, Stade Municipal d'Abidjan, Stade Municipal de Man FC, Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Parc des Sports de Treichville, Stade Robert Champroux, Stade du Port autonome d'Abidjan.
- Other facilities: Omnisport Palace in Treichville
- Olympic Complex: with 80,000 to 100,000 seats[103] is being planned, thanks to the Ivory Coast managers’ desire to provide the "Elephants" with a better national stadium. The complex will have, in addition to areas for all different Olympic disciplines (football, athletics, swimming, etc.), restaurants, shops, auditoriums, conference rooms, a hotel for the "sidelined" sportspeople, and training areas. Since the sudden increase in Côte d'Ivoire football, the Côte d'Ivoire State believes that the national team deserves a better stadium. Indeed, there is a problem with the "Félicia": it is impossible to increase its size due to its location in Le Plateau. The project for the new complex was suspended as of 2011[update] because of a lack of investors and the political situation which the country has been experiencing since December 1999.
References[link]
- ^ "Ivory Coast Cities Longitude & Latitude". sphereinfo.com. http://www.sphereinfo.com/longitude~latitude/ivory_coast. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
- ^ "UN world Urbanization Prospects estimate for 2007". United Nations. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_principales_villes_francophones in french
- ^ "GNS: Country Files". Earth-info.nga.mil. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Atlas de la Côte d'Ivoire, 2 éd de Pierre Vennetier et Geneviève Daverat (1983)
- ^ "Températures et précipitations à Abidjan". Studentsoftheworld.info. http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/pagegeo_fr.php3?Pays=CIV. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Le futur complexe commercial d'Attécoubé, état des travaux dans le JT de La Première[dead link]
- ^ Centre de Petit-Bassam[dead link]
- ^ de R. Borremans (1986)
- ^ "Côte d'Ivoire Regions". Statoids.com. http://www.statoids.com/uci.html. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Intoxication à Abidjan". Rfi.fr. 17 February 2006. http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/081/article_45984.asp. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ (French) Le site officiel de la présidence de Côte d'Ivoire
- ^ (French) Site officiel de la Primature de la République ivoirienne
- ^ "Article de Courrier International". Courrier International. France. 24 March 2011. http://www.courrierinternational.com/article.asp?obj_id=13683. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ (French) Portail officiel du gouvernement ivoirien
- ^ 4 000 prisonniers sortis de la Maison d'Arrêt et de Correction d'Abidjan (MACA)
- ^ (French) Forte augmentation des saisies de drogue en provenance d`Asie AFP 26 June 2007
- ^ (French) Journée mondiale contre la drogue, L’Afrique de l’Ouest nouvel eldorado des narcos RFI le 27 June 2007
- ^ (French) Lutte contre la drogue : destruction de sept « fumoirs », 191 personnes interpellées dont un militaire Le Patriote 30 May 2007
- ^ (French) Lutte contre la drogue, Visite du ministre de l’intérieur dans les fumoirs, 189 personnes interpellées Le Front 30 May 2007
- ^ (French) Les textes des accords de défense bilatéraux : site du Ministère des Affaires étrangères, (page consultée le 2 décembre 2007) <http://www.doc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/BASIS/pacte/webext/bilat/SDF?TOUSTI=d%E9fense>
- ^ Site UNOPS[dead link]
- ^ Site FNUAP[dead link]
- ^ "Site de l'ambassade des États-Unis". French.cotedivoire.usembassy.gov. http://french.cotedivoire.usembassy.gov. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "La BAD". Izf.net. http://www.izf.net/IZF/FicheIdentite/BAD.htm. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ (French) Le français à Abidjan : Pour une approche syntaxique du non-standard by Katja Ploog, CNRS Editions, Paris, 2002.
- ^ (French) "De plus, le français est également devenu la langue maternelle de plus de 30 % des Librevillois et il est de plus en plus perçu comme une langue gabonaise."
- ^ (French) Stratégies éducatives en milieu émigré de Côte d'IvoirePDF (94.7 KB)
- ^ Recensement 1998
- ^ "Recensement de la population ivoirienne". Geneasofts.geneanet.org. http://geneasofts.geneanet.org/?p=970. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Scolarisation en Côte d'Ivoire[dead link]
- ^ "Site de l'ADFE". Adfe.org. http://adfe.org. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Abidjan – Immeubles de grandes hauteurs existant". Emporis. 15 June 2009. http://www.emporis.com/fr/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100024&bt=5&ht=2&sro=0. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Haeringer Ph., Vingt-cinq ans de politique urbaine à Abidjan ou la tentation de l'urbanisme intégral, Politique Africaine, n°17, 20–40, 1985
- ^ Probo-Koala : la mortelle errance d'un bateau-poubelle, Le Monde, 29 septembre 2006
- ^ Reportage vidéo sur La Première (RTI)[dead link]
- ^ "Article du Matin d'Abidjan". Mediaf.org. http://www.mediaf.org/fr/pays/fiche.php?itm=2124&md=&thm=&p=16. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ (French) Vidéo journal RTI le 25 septembre 2007 Visite des travaux de réhabilitations des voies des communes d’Abidjan par une délégation de l’ag-route[dead link]
- ^ "Contacts." Air Ivoire. Retrieved on 8 October 2009.
- ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 30 March 1985. 33." Retrieved on 17 June 2009.
- ^ (French) La raffinerie SIR à ABIDJAN
- ^ Jusqu'au milieu des années 1980, le travail de l'ivoire constituait une ressource économique importante pour la ville. Cette ressource a été tarie par l'interdiction du commerce international de l'ivoire
- ^ "Interdiction du commerce international de l'ivoire". Notre-planete.info. http://www.notre-planete.info/actualites/actu_1209_moratoire_interdiction_commerce_ivoire.php. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ En Afrique de l'Ouest, les oranges ont la peau verte
- ^ "Carte des pays producteurs de café". Tkwa.free.fr. http://tkwa.free.fr/lespaysproducteurs.php. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Le marché du cacao". Unctad.org. http://www.unctad.org/infocomm/francais/cacao/marche.htm. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN02103lcononajdib0
- ^ Abdou Touré, La civilisation quotidienne en Côte d'Ivoire: Les petits métiers à Abidjan, Éditions Karthala, 1982
- ^ "La centrale thermique d'Azito". Azitoenergie.com. http://www.azitoenergie.com/index2.htm. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Site de la société SOPIE". Sopie.ci. http://www.sopie.ci. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Le groupe français SAUR en Côté d'Ivoire". Waternunc.com. http://www.waternunc.com/fr/saur10.htm. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Étude de l'électricité à Abidjan[dead link]
- ^ "Secteur gazier en Côte d'Ivoire". Izf.net. http://www.izf.net/izf/EE/pro/cote_ivoire/5020_Gaz.asp. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Production d'énergies renouvelables en Côte d'Ivoire". Perspective.usherbrooke.ca. http://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/tend/CIV/fr/EG.USE.CRNW.KT.OE.html. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Site de Africa Online[dead link]
- ^ "Panorama des télécommunications en Côte d'Ivoire". Csdptt.org. http://www.csdptt.org/imprimer.php3?id_article=295. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Le District d'Abidjan
- ^ "Le port d'Abidjan". Winne.com. http://www.winne.com/ssa/ivorycoast/reports/2007/cp/port_autonome/index.php. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ David Cadasse. "La Bache bleue". Afrik.com. http://www.afrik.com/article5740.html. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ La construction de cette ligne a commencé en 1902. Elle devait à l'origine relier Abidjan à Niamey
- ^ "Article Le matin d'Abidjan". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=648. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "La mosquée du Plateau sur". Abidjan.net. http://www.abidjan.net/cotedivoire/religion/index.htm. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE. Abidjan. – Bibliographie de la Côte d'Ivoire n° I (1969)
- ^ "Site du Goethe-institut d'Abidjan". Goethe.de. http://www.goethe.de/ins/ci/abi/frindex.htm. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Musée municipal
- ^ Site du village Kiyi
- ^ "Les musées de Côte d'Ivoire". Rezoivoire.net. http://www.rezoivoire.net/cotedivoire/musee.php. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Site du Palais de la culture". Palaisdelaculture.ci. http://www.palaisdelaculture.ci. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ CLAP-IVOIRE
- ^ "Ouverture du festival". Lecourrierdabidjan.info. http://www.lecourrierdabidjan.info/develop.asp?id=14623. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Le FICA d'Abidjan
- ^ "Festival du cinéma israélien d'Abidjan". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=2668. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Eliane Delatour[dead link]
- ^ "Film Rue Princesse". Africine.org. http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&no=187. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Film DANGER PERMANENT[dead link]
- ^ Vidéo du festival hip-hop Faya Flow[dead link]
- ^ Falila Gbadamassi. "Top d'or d'Abidjan". Afrik.com. http://www.afrik.com/article7514.html. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Concerto Festival d'Abidjan". Rezoivoire.net. http://www.rezoivoire.net/interview/article/64/m-cesar-dogbo-a-travers-le-concerto-festival-c-est-l-image-de-la-cote-d-ivoire-que-nous-vendons.html. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Concert Tierce Gagnant[dead link]
- ^ Article de SOIR-INFO[dead link]
- ^ rti.ci. "Site de RTI Music". Rti.ci. http://www.rti.ci/?cible=58. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Le FIMNA-Édition 2007". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=6671. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Titrologie de la presse ivoirienne". News.abidjan.net. http://news.abidjan.net/titrologie. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Site". Abidjan.net. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. http://www.abidjan.net. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN03063abidjtennaj0
- ^ "Site". Abidjan24.net. http://www.abidjan24.net. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Article de GRIOO". Grioo.com. http://www.grioo.com/info9719.html. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Danses urbaines d'Abidjan". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=4230. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Fééries d'Abidjan". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=5161. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Le Yéhé". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=7907. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Festival du dessin de presse et de la bande dessinée d'Abidjan". Rfi.fr. 13 June 2007. http://www.rfi.fr/pressefr/articles/090/article_372.asp. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Festival du rire d'Abidjan
- ^ "FESTMA d'Abidjan". Festma.com. http://www.festma.com. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Centres de football à Abidjan". Ethnographiques.org. http://www.ethnographiques.org/2003/Poli.html#nh3. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Site de la fédération de Basket-Ball". Sportingpulse.com. http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=11-3143-0-0-0&a=CLEAR. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Le C.S.A.
- ^ Bath, Richard (ed.) The Complete Book of Rugby (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 ISBN 1-86200-013-1) p69
- ^ Site de la fédération de Tennis
- ^ "Tournoi international de la CEDEAO". Africatime.com. 22 August 2007. http://www.africatime.com/gabon/nouv_pana.asp?no_nouvelle=345155&no_categorie=5. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Tournoi de la ville d'Abidjan". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=7167. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ "Semi-marathon de la ville d'Abidjan". Lematindabidjan.com. http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=4667. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
- ^ Un complexe olympique à Abidjan, entrepris par la BNETD[dead link]
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Abidjan |
- Site officiel du District d'Abidjan
- TEDxAbidjan, The Premier Intellectual Gathering of Côte d'Ivoire – Le Principal Forum Intellectuel qui réunit les esprits les plus brillants sous licence de TED
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Abidjan
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Abidjan
http://es.wn.com/Abiyán
http://ru.wn.com/Абиджан
http://cs.wn.com/Abidžan
http://pt.wn.com/Abidjan
http://pl.wn.com/Abidżan
http://it.wn.com/Abidjan
http://id.wn.com/Abidjan
http://nl.wn.com/Abidjan
http://fr.wn.com/Abidjan
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidjan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Laurent Koudou Gbagbo Gbagbo |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| President of Côte d'Ivoire | |
| In office 26 October 2000 – 11 April 2011* |
|
| Prime Minister | Seydou Diarra Pascal Affi N'Guessan Seydou Diarra Charles Konan Banny Guillaume Soro Gilbert Aké |
| Preceded by | Robert Guéï |
| Succeeded by | Alassane Ouattara |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1945-05-31) 31 May 1945 (age 67) Gagnoa, French West Africa (now Ivory Coast) |
| Nationality | Bété Ivorian |
| Political party | Ivorian Popular Front |
| Spouse(s) | Simone Gbagbo, Nadiana Bamba |
| Alma mater | Paris Diderot University |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Website | Official website |
| *The presidency was disputed between Gbagbo and Alassane Ouattara from 4 December 2010 to 11 April 2011, at which time Gbagbo was arrested. | |
Laurent Gbagbo[1][2] (Gagnoa Bété: Gbagbo [ɡ͡baɡ͡bo]; French pronunciation: [loʁɑ̃ kudu baɡbo]; born 31 May 1945) was the fourth President of Côte d'Ivoire of ethnic Bété from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian by profession, he is also an amateur chemist and physicist.
Gbagbo was imprisoned in the early 1970s and again in the early 1990s, and he lived in exile in France during much of the 1980s as a result of his union activism. Gbagbo founded the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI) in 1982 and ran unsuccessfully for President against Félix Houphouët-Boigny at the start of multi-party politics in 1990. He also won a seat in the National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire in 1990.
Gbagbo claimed victory after Robert Guéï, head of a military junta, barred other leading politicians from running against Gbagbo in the October 2000 presidential election. Gbagbo supporters took to the streets, toppling Guéï. Gbagbo was then installed as President.
Following the 2010 presidential election, Gbagbo challenged the vote count, alleged fraud, and refused to stand down. He called for the annulment of results from nine of the country's regions. Alassane Ouattara was declared the winner and was recognized as such by election observers, the international community, the African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of West African States. However, the Constitutional Council, which according to Article 94 of the Ivorian Constitution both determines disputes in and proclaims the results of Presidential elections,[3] declared that Gbagbo had won. After a short period of civil conflict, Gbagbo was arrested by the Republican Army of Ivory Coast. In November 2011, he was extradited to the International Criminal Court, becoming the first head of state to be taken into the court's custody.[4]
Contents |
Early life and academic career[link]
Gbagbo was born in the village of Mama, near Gagnoa. He became a history professor and an opponent of the regime of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny. He was imprisoned from 31 March 1971 to January 1973. In 1979, he obtained his doctorate at Paris Diderot University (French: Université Paris Diderot, also known as Université Paris 7 – Denis Diderot). In 1980, he became Director of the Institute of History, Art, and African Archeology at the University of Abidjan, He participated in a 1982 teachers' strike as a member of the National Trade Union of Research and Higher Education. Gbagbo went into exile in France in the same year.
Political career[link]
During the 1982 strike, Gbagbo formed what would become the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI). He returned to Côte d'Ivoire on 13 September 1988 and at the FPI's constitutive congress, held on 19–20 November 1988, he was elected as the party's Secretary-General.[2]
Gbagbo said in July 2008 that he had received crucial support from Blaise Compaoré, currently the President of Burkina Faso, while he was part of the underground opposition to Houphouët-Boigny.[5]
Following the introduction of multiparty politics in 1990, Gbagbo was the only candidate to stand against Houphouët-Boigny in the October 1990 presidential election, receiving 18.3% of the vote against Houphouët-Boigny. In the November 1990 parliamentary election, Gbagbo won a seat in the National Assembly, along with eight other members of the FPI;[2][6] Gbagbo was elected to a seat from Ouragahio District in Gagnoa Department and was President of the FPI Parliamentary Group from 1990 to 1995.[2] In 1992 he was sentenced to two years in prison and charged with inciting violence, but was released later in the year.[6] The FPI boycotted the 1995 presidential election. In 1996 Gbagbo was re-elected to his seat in the National Assembly from Ouragahio, following a delay in the holding of the election there, and in the same year he was elected as President of the FPI.[2]
At the FPI's 3rd Ordinary Congress on 9–11 July 1999, Gbagbo was chosen as the FPI's candidate for the October 2000 presidential election.[2] That election took place after a December 1999 coup in which Robert Guéï took power. Guéï refused to allow Alassane Ouattara or Henri Konan Bédié to run, leaving Gbagbo as the only significant opposition candidate. Guéï claimed victory in the election, held on 22 October 2000, but Gbagbo toppled Guéï, who fled the capital. Gbagbo installed himself as President on 26 October.
Civil war[link]
Main article: First Ivorian Civil War
On 19 September 2002 a revolt by northerners against Gbagbo's government partly failed. The rebels, calling themselves the "Forces Nouvelles," attempted to seize the cities of Abidjan, Bouaké, and Korhogo. They failed to take Abidjan, but were successful in the other two, respectively in the center and north of the country. Their grievances were that their candidate, Alassane Ouattara, had been barred from running in the 2000 presidential election, having been accused by Gbagbo and his supporters of not being a "real Ivoirian" in what would be the beginning of Gbagbo's trend toward inciting ethnic divisions to maintain power, following on from the concept of "Ivoirieté" introduced by President Henri Konan Bédié in the 1990s to 2000 .[citation needed]
Aftermath[link]
Early in November 2004, after the peace agreement had effectively collapsed following Gbagbo's refusal to agree to hold democratic elections that would include all candidates and the rebels' subsequent refusal to disarm, Gbagbo ordered airstrikes against the rebels. During one of these airstrikes in Bouaké on 6 November 2004, French soldiers were hit and nine of them were killed; the Ivorian government has said it was a mistake,[7] but the French have claimed it was deliberate. They responded by destroying most Ivoirian military aircraft, and Gbagbo supporters violently attacked French-origin Ivoirians and French nationals.[8]
Gbagbo's original mandate as president expired on 30 October 2005, but he garnered support from other African dictators in the African Union to support his bid to refuse to hold elections, and, despite his rhetoric against the international community, sought support to avoid holding elections as promised.[9] With the late October deadline approaching in 2006, it was regarded as very unlikely that the election would in fact be held by that point, and the opposition and the rebels rejected the possibility of another term extension for Gbagbo.[10] The UN Security Council endorsed another one-year extension of Gbagbo's term on 1 November 2006; however, the resolution provided for the strengthening of Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny's powers. Gbagbo said the next day that elements of the resolution deemed to be constitutional violations would not be applied.[11]
A peace deal between the government and the rebels, or New Forces, was signed on 4 March 2007, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and subsequently Guillaume Soro, leader of the New Forces, became Prime Minister.[12][13] Those events were seen by some observers as substantially strengthening Gbagbo's position.[13]
Gbagbo visited the north for the first time since the outbreak of the war for a disarmament ceremony, the "peace flame", on 30 July 2007. This ceremony involved burning weapons to symbolize the end of the conflict.[14][15] At the ceremony, Gbagbo declared the war over and said that the country should move quickly to elections, which were then planned for early 2008.[15]
On 30 August 2008, Gbagbo was designated the FPI's candidate for the November 2008 presidential election at a party congress; he was the only candidate for the FPI nomination.[16] The presidential election was again postponed to 2010.
2010 presidential election and succession crisis[link]
Main articles: Ivorian presidential election, 2010, 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, and Second Ivorian Civil War
In 2010, Ivory Coast had a presidential election that saw Gbagbo face off with Alassane Ouattara. Gbagbo, whose mandate had expired in 2005, had delayed the election several times.[17]
On 28 November 2010, the second round of the presidential election was held. Four days later the Ivory Coast Election Commission (CEI) declared Alassane Ouattara the winner with 54.1% of the vote.[18] Gbagbo's party complained of fraud and ordered that votes from nine regions be annulled, but the claims were disputed by the Ivoirian Electoral Commission and international election observers.[19] The Constitutional Council, headed by a staunch supporter of Gbagbo[citation needed], in accordance with its legal powers in article 94 of the Ivorian Constitution[3] nullified the CEI's declaration based on alleged voting fraud, and excluded votes from nine northern areas.[20] The Constitutional Council concluded that without these votes Gbagbo won with 51% of the remaining vote.[19] The constitutional restriction on Presidents serving more than ten years was not addressed. With a significant portion of the country's vote nullified, especially in areas where Ouattara polled well,[20] tensions mounted in the country. Gbagbo ordered the army to close the borders and foreign news organizations were banned from broadcasting from within the country. United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton urged the government to "act responsibly and peacefully."[21]
Gbagbo declared that "I will continue to work with all the countries of the world, but I will never give up our sovereignty." Gbagbo is accused of committing many atrocities against regime opponents.[citation needed] Ouattara's forces have also been accused of mass killings.[citation needed] Sporadic violence and gunfire were reported in various parts of the country, including Abidjan.[22] Gbagbo is mainly supported by the largely Christian south; his opponents are mostly concentrated in the Muslim north.[23]
Ouattara also took a parallel oath of office, based on an earlier pronouncement by the CEI that he won the election. The international community, including the African Union, recognized Ouattara as the duly elected president and called for Gbagbo to respect the will of the people. ECOWAS, the Economic Community of West African States, also recognized Ouattara and demanded Gbagbo cede power.[24] Gbagbo responded by launching ethnic attacks on northerners living in Abidjan with his army made up partly of Liberian mercenaries,[25][26] and rumours (unconfirmed because of restrictions on the movement of peacekeeping forces) of pro-Gbagbo death squads and mass graves have been reported to representatives of the UN.[27][28] When Nigeria demanded Gbagbo step down and the EU began imposing sanctions and freezing assets, Gbagbo demanded foreign troops (by which he meant UN and French troops) leave the country.[24][29] Leaders of the Forces Nouvelles (former rebels) asserted that Gbagbo was not the Head of State and could not make such a request and also asserted that the demand was a part of a plan to commit genocide on ethnicities from the north of the country, as stated by Gbagbo's Minister of Youth and Employment.[26][30][31]
On 6 April 2011, forces loyal to Ouattara moved to seize Gbagbo at his residence in Abidjan after failed negotiations to end the presidential succession crisis.[32] According to Ouattara, his forces established a security perimeter at the residence, where Gbagbo has sought refuge in a subterranean level, and are waiting for him to run out of food and water.[33] The UN has insisted that he be arrested, judged and tried for crimes against humanity during his term and since the election of Ouattara.
On 10 April 2011, UN and French helicopters fired on heavy weapons located in Gbabgo's residency in order to prevent attacks on civilians or UN personnel.[34]
Arrest and transfer to the International Criminal Court[link]
It was reported that Gbagbo was arrested on the afternoon of 11 April 2011.[34] Gbagbo was held in the Golf Hotel by Ouattara's forces, but the UN police had accepted his request for their protection.[35] Initial reports indicated that French special forces had made the arrest, based on declarations by a Gbagbo aide, but it was denied by the French ambassador in Ivory Coast. A French military spokesman later asserted that French forces did not enter Gbagbo's residence.[36][37][38] After briefing the United Nations Security Council on the situation, Alain Le Roy, UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, confirmed to reporters that Ouattara forces made the arrest.[36] But there have been persistent reports from Alain Toussaint, Gbagbo's Special Advisor in France, that French forces did indeed make the arrest namely by blasting open the corridor that linked the presidential residence to the French embassy in Abidjan. Gbagbo had had the tunnel blocked with concrete as soon as he came to power in 2000, marking his political independence to France, the former colonial master.[citation needed]
Later speaking from inside the Golf Hotel in Abidjan, Gbagbo told his supporters to stop fighting.[39] U.S. President Barack Obama cheered news of the latest developments in the Ivory Coast and CNN quoted U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as saying Gbagbo's capture "sends a strong signal to dictators and tyrants. ... They may not disregard the voice of their own people".[40]
 |
Wikinews has related news: Gbagbo appears at international court for alleged crimes against humanity |
In October 2011, the International Criminal Court opened an investigation into acts of violence committed during the conflict after the election, and ICC chief prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo visited the country. The ICC formally issued an arrest warrant for Gbagbo, charging him with four counts of crimes against humanity – murder, rape and other forms of sexual violence, persecution and "other inhuman acts", allegedly committed between 16 December 2010 and 12 April 2011. Gbagbo was arrested in Korhogo, where he had been placed under house arrest, and was placed on a flight to The Hague on 29 November 2011. An adviser to Gbagbo described the arrest as "victor's justice". Gbagbo will be the first former head of state to be tried by the ICC.[41][42]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ English pronunciations vary, with /ˈbæɡboʊ/ common. In Bete and other Ivorian languages, the g and b are pronounced simultaneously, as [ɡ͡baɡ͡bo].
- ^ a b c d e f "Qui est Laurent Gbagbo ?", FPI website (French).
- ^ a b Ivoirian Constitution | Embassy of the United States Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Abidjan.usembassy.gov. Retrieved on 2011-10-29.
- ^ "AFP: I.Coast's Gbagbo heads to international war crimes court". Google.com. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gb-rWpMQBTSGiST5wX2XFLTAEmjw?docId=CNG.d98e4dcabe814b504fd30d7f2c0d0d9c.c91. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ^ "Gbagbo acknowledges receiving underground support from Compaoré against Boigny", African Press Agency, 29 July 2008.
- ^ a b Robert J. Mundt, "Côte d'Ivoire: Continuity and Change in a Semi-Democracy", Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, pp. 191–192 ISBN 0-8133-2785-7
- ^ Sengupta, Somini (7 November 2004) "Ivory Coast Violence Flares; 9 French and 1 U.S. Death" The New York Times
- ^ Navarro, N. and Gnanih, A-H. (14 June 2008) "French foreign minister's visit is first since 2003" France 24 International News
- ^ "UN endorses plan to leave president in office beyond mandate", IRIN, 14 October 2005.
- ^ Joe Bavier, "Ivory Coast Opposition, Rebels Say No to Term Extension for President", VOA News, 18 August 2006.
- ^ "Partial rejection of UN peace plan", IRIN, 2 November 2006.
- ^ "Former rebel leader takes over as Ivory Coast's prime minister", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 4 April 2007.
- ^ a b "New Ivory Coast govt 'a boost for Gbagbo'", AFP (IOL), 12 April 2007.
- ^ "Ivory Coast leaders burn weapons", BBC News, 30 July 2007.
- ^ a b "Côte d'Ivoire: Gbagbo en zone rebelle pour prôner la paix et des élections rapides", AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), 30 July 2007 (French).
- ^ "I Coast President Gbagbo wins party nomination for November poll", AFP, 30 August 2008.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Kamara, Ahmed M. (3 December 2010). "Alassane Ouattara has been declared winner of the Ivory Coast presidential election". Newstime Africa. http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/14899.
- ^ a b "UN urges recognition of Ouattara as Ivory Coast leader". BBC News. 20 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12045387.
- ^ a b "Ivory Coast poll overturned: Gbagbo declared winner". BBC News. 3 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11913832.
- ^ "US urges Ivory Coast leaders to act responsibly". AFP. 30 November 2010. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5il4YdEG-gbGz0__DZ6WsJxGNemMA?docId=CNG.66f68c0742f30ea582dc3640f544f237.b51.
- ^ Cocks, Tim; Coulibaly, Loucoumane (4 December 2010). "Ivory Coast's Gbagbo sworn in despite poll row". Reuters. http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE6B309G20101204?sp=true.
- ^ "Ivory Coast: General strike called to pressure Gbagbo". BBC News Africa. 26 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12081492. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
- ^ a b "Jean Ping a remis à Gbagbo une lettre lui demandant de partir". AFP. Abidjan.net. 18 December 2010. http://news.abidjan.net/h/383826.html.
- ^ "Le camp Gbagbo veut livrer le "combat" contre Ouattara". AFP. Abidjan.net. 18 December 2010. http://news.abidjan.net/h/383829.html.
- ^ a b "Côte d'Ivoire : la pression s'accentue sur Laurent Gbagbo". RFI. 17 December 2010. http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20101217-cote-ivoire.
- ^ Clark, Dave (23 December 2010). "UN hears of Côte d'Ivoire atrocities". AFP. http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-12-23-un-hears-of-cocircte-divoire-atrocities.
- ^ Smith, David (22 December 2010). "Ivory Coast: death squads on the rise as civil war looms". The Guardian. London. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/22/ivory-coast-death-squads.
- ^ "Gbagbo orders peacekeepers to leave Ivory Coast". BBC News. 18 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12028263.
- ^ Sylla, Iman Sékou (18 December 2010). "Attaque des mosquées d`Abobo et de Bassam par des hommes en uniforme" (Press release). COSIM Conseil supérieur des imams. http://news.abidjan.net/h/383849.html, Abidjan.net
- ^ BAMBA, Affoussy (18 décembre 2010). "Activités des forces impartiales en Côte d`Ivoire" (Press release). Forces nouvelles. http://news.abidjan.net/h/383847.html. Abidjan.net
- ^ "Source: Ouattara forces enter Gbagbo's Ivory Coast stronghold". CNN. 5 April 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/06/ivory.coast.unrest/. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
- ^ "Gbagbo's pal: He'll choose death over humiliation". Associated Press. Fox News. 8 April 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/04/08/gbagbos-pal-hell-choose-death-humiliation/. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Ivory Coast's Gbagbo Captured at Presidential Compound | West Africa | English". Voanews.com. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/west/Fresh-Clashes-Erupt-in-Ivory-Coast-After-UN-French-Attacks-119588724.html. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ "Gbagbo, wife in Ouattara's custody in I.Coast: UN | Top News | Reuters". Af.reuters.com. 9 February 2009. http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE73A0MX20110411. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Ivory Coast strongman arrested after French forces intervene". The Washington Post. 26 March 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ivory-coast-strongman-arrested-after-french-forces-intervene/2011/04/11/AFOBaeKD_story.html. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ "Gbagbo captured after siege on bunker". Toronto Star. 11 April 2011. http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/972702--gbagbo-captured-after-siege-on-bunker. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ "/ Africa – Gbagbo seized by Ivory Coast opposition". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/53cd6854-6440-11e0-b171-00144feab49a.html?ftcamp=rss. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ "Gbagbo tells his supporters to stop fighting". CNN. 11 April 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/11/ivory.coast.crisis/?hpt=T2. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ "Obama, Clinton welcome new developments". CNN. 11 April 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/11/ivory.coast.crisis/?hpt=T2. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ "Ivory Coast's Laurent Gbagbo arrives in The Hague". BBC. 30 November 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-15946481. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Aboa, Ange. "Ivory Coast's ex-leader Gbagbo on flight to Hague". Vancouversun.com. http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Ivory+Coast+leader+Gbagbo+flight+Hague/5784781/story.html. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
External links[link]
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Robert Guéï |
President of the Ivory Coast 2000–2011 |
Succeeded by Alassane Ouattara |
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gbagbo, Laurent |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 31 May 1945 |
| Place of birth | Gagnoa, Ivory Coast |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Laurent_Gbagbo
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://cs.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://id.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://es.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://ru.wn.com/Гбагбо, Лоран
http://nl.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://pl.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://fr.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://de.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
http://pt.wn.com/Laurent Gbagbo
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2009) |
Roland Dumas (b. 23 August 1922 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne) is a lawyer and French Socialist politician who served notably as Foreign Minister under President François Mitterrand from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1993. He was also President of the Constitutional Council from 1995 to 1999.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Youth[link]
Son of Georges Dumas, a civil servant in Limoges's region and Socialist resistant to the German Occupation during the Second World War, shot at by the Gestapo, he conveyed weapons for the Resistance. He was arrested after the boycott of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra by French students. After the war, he completed his law and political science studies in the Ecole libre des sciences politiques and the London School of Economics.
Journalist and lawyer, he defended Jean Mons, Secretary-General of the Defense Committee, from charges of negligence in a case where Mons's assistant was accused of passing secrets of national security to communists. In this, he became close to François Mitterrand, president of the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) party, himself suspected in the same scandal.
Politics[link]
In 1956, he was elected deputy for Haute-Vienne département, under the UDSR banner, but he lost his seat in the 1958 legislative election, which followed the return of General Charles de Gaulle to power. He came back into the French National Assembly between 1967 and 1968 as representative of Corrèze département. Member of the renewed Socialist Party (PS) led by Mitterrand, he became deputy for Gironde département in 1973, then for Dordogne département on the occasion of the "pink wave" of 1981.
When President Mitterrand appointed Laurent Fabius as Prime Minister in July 1984, he joined the cabinet as Minister of European Affairs. Five months later, he replaced Foreign Minister Claude Cheysson. He remained in this function until the Socialist defeat in the March 1986 legislative election. Nevertheless, he returned to the Quai d'Orsay after the re-election of Mitterrand in May 1988, until the PS defeat in the March 1993 legislative elections. Indeed, he was the French Foreign Minister during the collapse of the Soviet Block, the Gulf War, and the negotiations of the Maastricht Treaty.
Convictions[link]
Not re-elected to the French National Assembly in 1993, he was nominated President of the Constitutional Council in 1995. This was one of the last decisions of President Mitterrand. Under his presidency, the body argued in favour of complete judicial immunity for the French President--a controversial decision given both Jacques Chirac and Dumas's numerous scandals[citation needed]. Accused in the Elf affair, he resigned in January 1999.
Dumas' conviction for criticising a public prosecutor in his book was found unlawful by the European Court of Human Rights in 2010, by five votes to two.[1]
In May 2007, Dumas received a 12-month jail sentence (supended) for funds he mis-appropriated acting as executor of the will of the widow of Alberto Giacometti.
M. Dumas is a member of the Emergency Committee for Iraq.
Legal Intervention in Concert with Gaddafi Regime[link]
On 29 May 2011, along with attorney Jacques Vergès, Roland announced plans to sue French President Nicholas Sarkozy for crimes against humanity in relation to the NATO bombing campaign against the Gaddafi government as part of the 2011 Libyan civil war. A Gaddafi government spokesman made a concurrent announcement, seeming to endorse the legal action.[2]
In a program which aired on Libya's Al-Jamahiriya TV on May 29, 2011 (as translated by MEMRI), Dumas sharply criticzed Sarkozy, stating that the only thing I know [about French Leaders] is that they have gone crazy. President Sarkozy hosted Qadhafi a few months ago at the Élysée Palace, with a red carpet and all the grandiose honors. Two months later, Sarkozy is leading a crusader war, at the head of NATO, which has become a pawn serving international politics. This has been going on for a long time. He further stated that "I regret to see my country, to which I belong with spirit, blood, and life, leading an instrument such as NATO to come and destroy an entire people and attack its leaders."[3]
Political career[link]
Governmental functions
President of the Constitutional Council of France : 1995–2000 (Resignation).
Governmental functions
Minister for European Affairs : 1983–1984.
Minister of External Relations : 1984–1986.
Government spokesman : June–December 1984.
Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1988–1993.
Electoral mandates
National Assembly of France
Member of the National Assembly of France for Haute-Vienne : 1956–1958. Elected in 1956.
Member of the National Assembly of France for Corrèze : 1967–1968. Elected in 1967.
Member of the National Assembly of France for Dordogne : 1981–1983 (Became minister in 1983) / 1986–1988 (Became minister in 1988). Elected in 1981, reelected in 1986, 1988.
References[link]
- ^ ECtHR judgment in case Dumas v. France, 34875/07(French)
- ^ Reuters: French ex-Minister in Libya, would defend Gaddafi
- ^ On Libyan TV, Former French Foreign Minister Roland Dumas and Lawyer Jacques Verges Accuse Sarkozy of War Crimes and WW II-Style Crimes against Humanity, MEMRITV, Clip No. 2956 (transcript), May 29, 2011 (video clip available here).
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by — |
Minister of European Affairs 1983–1984 |
Succeeded by — |
| Preceded by Claude Cheysson |
Minister of External Affairs 1984–1986 |
Succeeded by Jean-Bernard Raimond |
| Preceded by Jean-Bernard Raimond |
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1988–1993 |
Succeeded by Alain Juppé |
| Preceded by Robert Badinter |
President of the Constitutional Council 1995–2000 |
Succeeded by Yves Guéna |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dumas, Roland |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 23 August 1922 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Roland_Dumas
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Дюма, Ролан
http://fr.wn.com/Roland Dumas
http://de.wn.com/Roland Dumas
http://it.wn.com/Roland Dumas
http://pl.wn.com/Roland Dumas
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Dumas
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Jacques Vergès | |
|---|---|
| File:Jacques Vergès After Dark 10th July 1987.JPG Appearing on TV discussion After Dark in 1987 |
|
| Born | Jacques Vergès (1925-03-05) 5 March 1925 (age 87) Ubon Ratchathani, Siam (now called Thailand) |
| Residence | Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Education | University of Paris law degree |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Known for | Lawyer who has represented well-known war criminals.[1] |
| Spouse | Djamila Bouhired |
| Parents | Raymond Vergès |
Jacques Vergès, born 5 March 1925 in Ubon Ratchathani, Siam (now called Thailand), is a French-Vietnamese lawyer who has earned fame continually since the 1950s, first as an anticolonialist communist figure and then for defending a long string of well-known clients from anticolonialist Algerian militant Djamila Bouhired (his future wife) in 1957-1962 to former Khmer Rouge head of state Khieu Samphan (2008). His clients have included both leftwing and rightwing terrorists, war criminals, and militants, including Holocaust denier Roger Garaudy, Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie (1987),[1] and international terrorist Ilich Ramírez Sánchez a.k.a. Carlos the Jackal (1994). In 2002, he offered to represent former Serbian President Slobodan Milošević, although Milošević declined any legal advice from any party. The media have sensationalized him with the sobriquet, "the Devil's advocate",[nb 1] and he himself has contributed to his "notorious" public persona by such acts as titling his autobiography The Brilliant Bastard[nb 2] and giving provocative replies in interviews. He claims that when asked if he would have defended Hitler, he replied, "...I'd even defend Bush! But only if he agrees to plead guilty."[2][3]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Born in Siam (now called Thailand) and brought up on the island of Réunion,[4] Jacques Vergès is the son of Raymond Vergès, a French diplomat, and a Vietnamese mother. In 1942, with his father's encouragement, he sailed to Liverpool to become part of the Free French Forces under Charles de Gaulle, and to participate in the anti-Nazi resistance.[5] After the war Jacques went to the University of Paris to study law (his brother Paul Vergès went on to become the leader of the Reunionese Communist Party and Member of the European Parliament).[6] In 1949 Jacques became president of the AEC (Association for Colonial Students), where he met and befriended Pol Pot.[7] In 1950 at the request of his Communist mentors he went to Prague to lead a youth organization for four years.[8]
Algerian independence movement[link]
Further information: Suitcase carriers
After returning to France, Vergès became an attorney and quickly gained fame for his willingness to take controversial cases. During the struggle in Algiers he defended many accused of terrorism by the French government. He was a supporter of the Algerian armed independence struggle against France, comparing it to French armed resistance to the Nazi German occupation in the 1940s. Vergès became a nationally-known figure following his defense of suspected anti-French Algerian guerrilla Djamila Bouhired on terrorism charges (she was accused of blowing up a café, a civilian target).[7] This is where he pioneered the rupture strategy in which he accused the prosecution of the same offenses as the defendants.[9] She was condemned to death but pardoned and freed following public pressure brought on by Vergès' efforts. After many years she married Vergès, who had by this time converted to Islam. They had two children, Meriem and Liess Vergès, later followed by a grand-daughter, Fatima Nur Vergès-Habboub, daughter of Meriem and her husband Fouad.[10] In an effort to limit Vergès' success at defending Algerian clients he was sentenced to two months in jail in 1960 and temporarily lost his license to officially practice law for anti-state activities.[11]
Missing years[link]
From 1970-78, Vergès disappeared from public view without explanation. To this day Verges refuses to comment about those years remarking in an interview with Der Spiegel that "It's highly amusing that no one, in our modern police state, can figure out where I was for almost 10 years".[12] Vergès was last seen on 24 February 1970. He left his famous wife, Djamila, and cut off all his ties, leaving friends and family to wonder if he had been killed.[13] His whereabouts during these years have remained a mystery. Many of his close associates of the time assume that he was in Cambodia with the Khmer Rouge, a rumor Pol Pot (Brother #1) and Ieng Sary (Brother #2)[14] both denied. There have also been claims that Vergès was spotted in Paris as well as in various Arab countries in the company of Palestine Liberation groups.[15]
Defense[link]
Upon his return to normal life he resumed his legal practice, defending Georges Ibrahim Abdallah, convicted of terrorism, and Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie. The thrust of his defense in the latter case was that Barbie was being singled out for prosecution while the French state conveniently ignored other cases that qualified as crimes against humanity.[1]
In 1999 Vergès sued Amnesty International on behalf of the government of Togo.[16] In 2001, on behalf of Idriss Déby, president of Chad, Omar Bongo, president of Gabon, and Denis Sassou-Nguesso, head of the Republic of the Congo, he sued François-Xavier Verschave for his book Noir silence denouncing the crimes of the Françafrique on the charges of "offense toward a foreign state leader".[17] The attorney general observed how this crime recalled the lese majesty crime; the court thus deemed it contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights, thus leading to Verschave's acquittal.[17]
After the US-led occupation forces invaded Iraq in March 2003 and deposed president Saddam Hussein, many former leaders in Saddam's regime were arrested. In May 2008 Tariq Aziz assembled a team that included Vergès as well as four Italian and a French-Lebanese lawyers.[18] In late 2003 when the United States arrested Saddam, Vergès also offered to defend Saddam if he was asked to. However, Saddam's family opted not to use Vergès as part of his defense team instead first hiring a team of lawyers based out of Jordan then making Khalil al-Duleimi the sole legal counsel.[19]
In April 2008 former Khmer Rouge head of state Khieu Samphan made his first appearance at Cambodia's genocide tribunal. Vergès is using the defense that while Samphan has never denied that many people in Cambodia were killed, as head of state, he was never directly responsible.[20]
In popular culture[link]
- Vergès was portrayed by Nicolas Briançon in the 2010 French film Carlos.
See also[link]
- L'Avocat de la terreur (Terror's Advocate), a 2007 documentary about Vergès
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ The sobriquet The Devil's advocate has been used by the European press to describe not only Jacques Verges but also Giovanni Di Stefano.
- ^ The French epithet has sometimes been translated as "luminous bastard"
Footnotes[link]
- ^ a b c "1987: Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie gets life". BBC News. 3 July 1987. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/3/newsid_2492000/2492285.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ Event occurs at 01:58:42 - Director:Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee:Jacques Vergès (2008-04-12) (Documentary). Avocat de la terreur, L' (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1032854/. Retrieved 2008-04-12. I can't stand a man being humiliated, even an enemy. For a lone man to be insulted by a lynch mob. I was asked: "Would you defend Hitler?" "I said I'd even defend Bush! "But only if he agrees to plead guilty."
- ^ Kenneth Turan (12 October 2007). "Giving monsters a strong defense". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/12/entertainment/et-advocate12. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ^ "Jacques Verges: 'The Devil's advocate'". BBC News. 29 March 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3578421.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ Event occurs at 00:04:04 - Director:Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee:Jacques Vergès (2008-04-12) (Documentary). Avocat de la terreur, L' (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB - 1032854. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1032854/. Retrieved 2008-04-12. "For France to disappear was intolerable to me. That's why I enlisted."
- ^ "MEP profile". European Union. 2007. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/expert/inOut/viewOutgoing.do;jsessionid=12CB1C8C8232CDE7721859CCBCB0ED23.node1?id=1490&language=EN. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
- ^ a b DAPHNE MERKIN (21 October 2007). "Speak No ‘Evil’". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/magazine/21wwln-lede-t.html?_r=2&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/V/Verg&oref=slogin&oref=slogin#232;s,%20Jacques. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ Boyd van Hoeij (2008). "review: L'avocat de la terreur (Terror's Advocate) (Rotterdam 2008)". european-films.net. http://european-films.net/content/view/966/118/. Retrieved 2008-04-13. "Not mentioned either are his controversial defence of Holocaust denier Roger Garaudy and his formative work in Prague in the 1950s – in the middle of the Cold War, though possible connections with secret services and many underground organisations in countries ranging from Germany to Israel and Algeria are hinted at and explored."
- ^ MARCO CHOWN OVED (2 November 2008). "The Jackal's defender has his own one-man show". Radio France Internationale. http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/107/article_2030.asp. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ Ma'n Abul Husn (2007). "Women of Distinction: Djamila Bouhired The Symbol of National Liberation". pub. http://www.alshindagah.com/novdec03/womanofdistinction.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ Michael Radu (14 April 2004). "Saddam Circus Is Coming to Town: the Strange Story of Jacques Verges". Foreign Policy Research Institute. http://www.fpri.org/enotes/20040414.americawar.radu.circusverges.html. Retrieved 2008-08-14. "At a time when France was at war, Verges openly supported and defended terrorists and their French accomplices— that is, traitors. He was jailed for this for two months in 1960 and temporarily disbarred."
- ^ http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,591943-2,00.html
- ^ Event occurs at 00:50:29 - Director:Barbet Schroeder (2008-04-12) (Documentary). Avocat de la terreur, L' (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB - 1032854. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1032854/. Retrieved 2008-04-12. "He was last seen on 24 February 1970, at an anti-colonial rally in Paris. He made a speech and vanished. After 3 months, Djamila Bouhired and his friends, were sure he was dead."
- ^ Event occurs at 00:52:56 - Director:Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee: Ieng Sary (2008-04-12) (Documentary). Avocat de la terreur, L' (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB - 1032854. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1032854/. Retrieved 2008-04-12. "The Brilliant Bastard In that book are two passages I remember. It says ... that Jacques Vergès could have been in Cambodia. I remember that Pol Pot wrote in the margin: No."
- ^ Event occurs at 00:55:44 - Director:Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee:Pascal (2008-04-12) (Documentary). Avocat de la terreur, L' (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB - 1032854. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1032854/. Retrieved 2008-04-12. "It was in May 1973, ... several politicians ... were meeting at Arafat's HQ. ... Arafat suddenly looked at [Abou Hassan Salameh PLO security chief] and asked: "Who is this Vergès? What is he?" Abou Hassan Salameh answered literally: "He's an important lawyer who defends the Palestinian cause." Arafat smiled and said: "Keep working with him." My codename was "Pascal". And Vergès? "Mansour"."
- ^ "Togo to sue Amnesty International". BBC News. 20 May 1999 Published at 11:56 GMT 12:56 UK. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/348602.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ a b "French author wins Africa book case". BBC News. 25 April 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1295740.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ "Tariq Aziz trial resumes in Iraq". BBC News. 09:33 GMT, Tuesday, 20 May 2008 10:33 UK. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7409933.stm. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
- ^ "Saddam family slims defence team". BBC News. 8 August 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4131474.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
- ^ "Khmer Rouge leader seeks release". BBC News. 07:33 GMT, Wednesday, 23 April 2008 08:33 UK. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7362248.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jacques Vergès |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jacques Vergès |
- Avocat de la terreur, L' (2007) at the Internet Movie Database
- Interview with Verges
- Cambodia Tribunal Monitor
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Verges, Jacques |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1925-03-05 |
| Place of birth | Ubon Ratchathani, Siam (now called Thailand) |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jacques_Vergès
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Jacques Vergès
http://nl.wn.com/Jacques Vergès
http://pt.wn.com/Jacques Vergès
http://de.wn.com/Jacques Vergès
http://it.wn.com/Jacques Vergès
http://pl.wn.com/Jacques Vergès
http://es.wn.com/Jacques Vergès
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Vergès
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
More Videos
