Cachaça (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʃasɐ]) or "Ca-SHAH-sa" is a liquor made from fermented sugarcane juice.

It is the most popular distilled alcoholic beverage in Brazil. It is also known as aguardente, pinga, caninha and many other names.^[1][2]

Cachaça is mostly produced in Brazil, where, according to 2007 figures, 1.5 billion litres (390 million gallons) are consumed annually, compared with 15 million litres (4.0 million gallons) outside the country.^[3] It is typically between 38% and 48% alcohol by volume.^[4][5] When it is homemade it can be as strong as the distiller wants. Up to six grams per litre of sugar may be added."^[6] The major difference between cachaça and rum is that rum is usually made from molasses, a by-product from refineries that boil the cane juice to extract as much sugar crystal as possible, while cachaça is made from fresh sugarcane juice that is fermented and distilled.^[7] However, many rums are also made from distilled sugar cane juice. That's why cachaça is also known as Brazilian rum.^[4]

In the beginning of the seventeenth century, the producers of sugar in various European colonies in America started to use the by-products of sugar, molasses and scummings, as the raw material for the alcoholic beverage which in British colonies was named rum, in France's tafia, in Spain's aguardiente de caña and in the Portuguese (Brazil) aguardente da terra, aguardente de cana and later cachaça. ^[4]

Figures from 2003 indicate 1.3 billion litres of cachaça are produced each year though only 1% of this production is exported (mainly to Germany).^[8] Outside Brazil, cachaça is used almost exclusively as an ingredient in tropical drinks, with the caipirinha being the most famous cocktail.

Production[link]

Barrels of cachaça

Bottles of cachaça

There are two types of cachaça: artisanal and industrial.

Cachaça, like rum, has two varieties: unaged (white) and aged (gold). White cachaça is usually bottled immediately after distillation and tends to be cheaper (some producers age it for up to 12 months in wooden barrels to achieve a smoother blend). It is often used to prepare caipirinha and other beverages in which cachaça is an ingredient. Dark cachaça, usually seen as the "premium" variety, is aged in wood barrels and is meant to be drunk straight (it is usually aged for up to 3 years though some "ultra premium" cachaças have been aged for up to 15 years). Its flavour is influenced by the type of wood the barrel is made from.^[9].

There are very important regions in Brazil where fine still pot cachaça is produced such as Salinas in Minas Gerais state, Paraty in Rio de Janeiro state, Monte Alegre do Sul in São Paulo state and Abaíra in Bahia state. Nowadays, cachaça's producers can be found in most Brazilian regions and in 2011 there were over 40,000 of them.^[4]

Cachaça's synonyms[link]

For more than four centuries of history, cachaça has accumulated synonyms and creative nicknames coined by the Brazilian people. Some of these words were created for the purpose of deceiving the supervision of the metropolis in the days when cachaça was banned in Brazil; the beverage was competing with a European distillate called grapa. There are more than two thousand (2,000) words to refer to the Brazilian national distillate.^[10] Some of these nicknames are: abre-coração (heart-opener), água-benta (holy water), bafo-de-tigre (tiger breath), and limpa-olho (eye-wash).^[11]

See also[link]

Drink portal

References and notes[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cachaça

• City of Paraty Tourism Website—Information in Portuguese on cachaça production
• Cachaça: The Unmistakable Taste and Flavour of Brazil
• Brazil's two best exports, cachaça and music, rolled into one—Informative, English-language podcast
• O Álbum Virtual de Rótulos de Garrafas de Cachaça na Net—Web site dedicated to cachaça labels. In English and Portuguese.

v t e Alcoholic beverages   History and production History of alcohol History of alcohol History of beer History of Champagne History of wine History of French wine History of Rioja wine History of Chianti Production Brewing Distilling Winemaking   Alcoholic beverages Fermented beverage Beer (types) Wine (types) Cider (category) Mead (category) Rice wine (category) Other fermented beverages Distilled beverage Brandy (category) Gin (category) Horilka (category) Liqueur (category) Rum (category) Tequila (category) Vodka (category) Whisky (category) Fortified wine (category) Madeira wine (category) Marsala wine Port wine Sherry (category) Vermouth (category)   Distilled beverages by ingredients Grain Barley Irish whiskey Japanese whisky Scotch whisky Maize Bourbon whiskey Corn whiskey Tennessee whiskey Rice Awamori Cheongju Rice baijiu Soju Rye Rye whiskey Sorghum Baijiu (Kaoliang) Multiple grains American whiskey Canadian whisky Fruit Apple Applejack Calvados Cashew apple Fenny Coconut Arrack Grape Arak Armagnac Brandy Cognac Pisco Plum Slivovitz Ţuică Pomace Chacha Grappa Marc Orujo Tsikoudia Tsipouro Zivania Various/other fruit Eau de vie Kirschwasser Nalewka Pálinka Rakia Schnaps Other Agave Mezcal Tequila Sugarcane/molasses Aguardiente Arak Cachaça Clairin Guaro Rum Seco Herrerano Tharra Various cereals and potato Akvavit Baijiu Horilka Poitín Shōchū Vodka   Liqueurs and infused distilled beverages by ingredients Almond Amaretto Crème de Noyaux Anise Absinthe Arak Ouzo Pastis Raki Sambuca Chocolate Chocolate liqueur Cinnamon Tentura Cloudberry Lakka Coconut Malibu Coffee Kahlua Tia Maria Egg Advocaat Hazelnut Frangelico Herbs Aquavit Bénédictine Brennivín Crème de menthe Metaxa Minttu Honey Bärenjäger Drambuie Glayva Krupnik Juniper Gin Jenever Orange Campari Curaçao Triple sec Peppers Pertsivka Star anise Sassolino Sugarcane/molasses Charanda Various/other fruit Crème de banane Crème de cassis Limoncello Schnapps Sloe gin Alcoholic beverages category Drinking establishment Drink Portal Beer Portal Beer WikiProject Spirits WikiProject Wine Portal Wine WikiProject

Pepe Moreno (given name: Saturnino) is a Spanish comic book artist, writer and video game developer who has been drawing professionally in Spain, other countries in Europe and in the US since the 1970s.^[1] He is best known in the United States for his 1990 digital graphic novel, Batman: Digital Justice, published by DC Comics. He has also created a 1994 computer game, Hell Cab, for Time Warner's Interactive Media Group.

As President of Digital Fusion, Pepe Moreno also has an extensive video game background and is the creator and designer of a multitude of very successful products, including BeachHead 2000, BeachHead 2002 and BeachHead Desert War, which were marketed by Infrogrames (Atari). DFI, in association with Trymedia and their digital rights management advanced copy protection technology, released BeachHead 2000 as was one of the first titles ever to be distributed via downloads protected with DRM.

Hell Cab[link]

Pepe also developed Hell Cab, which was completed in 1993. Hell Cab was an interactive time travel adventure with a moral twist, published by the Time Warner Interactive Group (formerly Warner New Media) on CD-ROM. Hell Cab was one of first ever CD-ROM titles, and helped establish the popularity of the CD-ROM title business by setting standards in originality of content and form. It was designed as a mainstream Hollywood-like title.

Other games[link]

The company has developed two additional games: Desert Gunner and Bridgehead (BeachHead 3000). In 2003, DFI released Tiger Hunt, a fast-paced, arcade-style, WWII tank combat game for the PC. The company also released RealPool for the PC, which was subsequently released as a Sony PlayStation title, and was followed with RealPool 2 in 2002.

Other comics[link]

Pepe has also had a career as a graphic artist, with work published in books and magazines such as Metal Hurlant and l'Echo des Savanes in Europe and Eerie, Vampirella, Heavy Metal Magazine and Epic Magazine in the United States. Pepe also created the graphic novels Rebel, in the US, and the worldwide releases of Joe’s Air Force, Gene Kong, Generation Zero, and a collection of his early short stories compiled in the book Zeppelin. He combined his talents as a computer game developer and graphic artist with Batman: Digital Justice, a Batman graphic novel published in 1990 by DC Comics.

References[link]

External links[link]

• iBiblio HellCab review

This profile of a comics creator, writer, or artist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Erasmo Carlos, born Erasmo Esteves on June 5, 1941, in the Tijuca area of Rio de Janeiro, is a Brazilian singer and songwriter, most closely associated with his friend and longtime collaborator Roberto Carlos (no relation). Together, they have created many chart hits including "É Proibido Fumar".

A core member of the Jovem Guarda ("Young Guard") scene of 1960s Brazilian pop-rock, Erasmo often appeared on television, in magazines and feature films with fellow teen idols Roberto Carlos and Wanderléa.

In contrast to his simpler pop-rock early sound, Erasmo went on to produce several of the more moody and introspective MPB records of the 1970s, including Sonhos e Memórias and Carlos, Erasmo.

Early life and career[link]

Erasmo Esteves was born in the neighborhood of Tijuca in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro. His unmarried mother left the state of Bahia while pregnant. Erasmo knew Sebastião Rodrigues Maia (who would later be known as Tim Maia) since childhood, but the friendship would only come in adolescence because of the rock and roll fever.

In 1957, Tim Maia built the band The Sputniks, the band members were Tim, Arlênio Livy, Wellington Oliveira and Roberto Carlos. Erasmo was introduced to Roberto by Arlênio Livy. After a fight between Tim and Roberto, the group disbanded. Wellington gave up music, was the sole remaining Arlênio the next year decided to call Erasmo and other friends from Tijuca, Robert and José Edson Trindade, known as "China", to form the vocal group "The Boys of Rock".

At the suggestion of Carlos Imperial, the group was renamed The Snakes. They backed both Roberto and Tim Maia in their respective shows.

Roberto Carlos needed the lyrics to the song Hound Dog, a hit by Elvis Presley. Arlênio Livy told him Erasmo had the lyrics, as he was a big fan of Elvis. Roberto then discovered other affinities with Erasmo, as both of them liked Bob Nelson, James Dean, Marlon Brando, Marilyn Monroe, and cheering for Vasco da Gama. As part of The Snakes, Tim Maia taught Erasmo how to play guitar. Erasmo decided to adopt the name Carlos in his stage name, in honor of Roberto Carlos and Carlos Imperial. Before going solo, Erasmo was also part of the band Renato e seus Blue Caps.

Erasmo participated effectively with Roberto Carlos and Wanderléa in the Jovem Guarda TV, show where he had the nickname "Tremendão" (The Big Tremendous), imitating the clothes and style of his idol Elvis Presley. His greatest successes as a singer in this phase were "Gatinha manhosa" and "Festa de arromba". He had been rumored to become the main presenter of the program, but Roberto Carlos ended up taking the spot. Roberto and Erasmo, as songwriting partners, were criticized for singing and writing rock music and being thus "americanized". As a response, "Coqueiro verde" was the first samba-rock recorded by Erasmo.

The 70s[link]

In the 1970s, Erasmo signed with Polydor. For the first half of the decade, his shows were very different from that of the Jovem Guarda movement. Influenced by the hippie culture and soul music, he releases Carlos, Erasmo in 1971. The album, which opens with "Noite na cama", written by Caetano Veloso for him, was a controversial ode to marijuana.

The 80s[link]

Erasmo Carlos begins the 80's with an ambitious project, which Erasmo called a pioneer project in Brazil. There were 12 songs performed as duets with artists like Wanderléa, Nara Leão, Maria Bethania, Gal Costa, A Cor do Som, As Frenéticas, Gilberto Gil, Rita Lee, Tim Maia, Jorge Ben and Caetano Veloso. The opening track of the album was the radio single: a cover of "Sentado à beira do caminho", featuring his longtime songwriting partner Roberto Carlos.

Recent years[link]

In 2001 Erasmo released a new record. Pra falar de amor brought his interpretations to songs written by different writers, such as Kiko Zambianchi and Marcelo Camelo. The highlight is "Mais um na multidão", a duet with Marisa Monte and Erasmo Carlos written by Marisa Monte and Carlinhos Brown. The following year, he released his first live DVD, plus a double CD.

On June 5, 2009, the day he turned 68 years, Erasmo released the album Rock 'n' Roll, a tribute to the genre that influenced him most, with 12 of his compositions, with seven in partnership: Nando Reis ("Um beijo é um tiro" and "Mar vermelho"), Nelson Motta (on "Chuva ácida" and "Noturno carioca"), Chico Amaral (in "Noite perfeita" and "A guitarra é uma mulher"), and Liminha and Patricia Travassos (in "Celebridade"). Another highlight is "Olhar de mangá" in which Erasmo names 52 female personalities (real or fictional) -- the song is inspired by the facial expressions used in manga Japanese comics. In 2011, he released an album called Sex.

External links[link]

• Official Site (in Portuguese)

This article on a Brazilian composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article about a Brazilian singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Ivete Sangalo
Sangalo in 2011
Background information
Born	(1972-05-27) 27 May 1972 (age 40)
Origin	Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil
Genres	Axé, Música Popular Brasileira
Years active	1993–present
Labels	Universal Music Brazil
Associated acts	Banda Eva, Dave Matthews Band
Website	www.ivetesangalo.com.br
Notable instruments
Vocals, Guitar, Percussion

Ivete María Dias de Sangalo Cady (born May 27, 1972 in Juazeiro, Bahia) is a Latin Grammy Award-winning Brazilian Axé and MPB singer, songwriter, and occasional actress and television show host. She is one of the most popular and best-selling Brazilian female singers of the present, with six albums released with "Banda Eva",^[1] and seven more albums in a solo career, with a total of over 12 million albums sold worldwide. Sangalo is most often recognized by her powerful voice, charisma and live performances. Her music is also very popular in Portugal.^[2] She has received 14 nominations for Latin Grammy Awards alongside her career.

As a child, started to sing and play violin at events, festivals and presentations of the school where she studied. Ivete Sangalo's debut show happened in Ondina Neighborhood, Salvador, in August 1992. With that show she won the Dorival Caymmi trophy, the Grammy of Bahia music. The solo singer was once part of a group called Banda Eva, and with them she recorded six CDs and sold over four million copies.^[3]

Biography[link]

Beginnings, Banda Eva and early solo career[link]

Ivete Sangalo was born in Juazeiro, Bahia, where she spent her whole childhood. She is of Spanish ancestry on her father's side.^[4] She started her singing career in events at school and then started singing at bars. Soon, she started to receive some attention and signed with Sony Music. In 1993, Sony decided to reform the Axé group Banda Eva and she was chosen as the lead singer. Her live album with the band, Banda Eva Ao Vivo, was their best-selling album, selling over a million copies. In 1997 she decided to start a solo career and in 1999 she released her first self-titled album. With lots of upbeat Bahian rhythms and axé, the album received gold and platinum certification. The following year she released another album, Beat Beleza, which also achieved platinum status.

In 2000 she released the album Festa (Party), whose title track was another major success. The single was very popular, and the album got platinum certification. "Festa" was her biggest hit single up to that point and the video also received huge airplay. "Festa" ended up being the most popular song of 2001 in Brazil. Its music video featured over 20 cameo appearances by Brazilian celebrities. In 2002, she released the album Se Eu Não te Amasse Tanto Assim (If I Didn't Love You So Much), titled after her big hit that reached the first position in the singles chart. The album, which features a duet with American singer Brian McKnight, didn't sell as much as her previous albums, but was still a hit. Following Se Eu Não te Amasse Tanto Assim, she released Clube Carnavalesco Innocentes Em Progresso in 2003. It was the lowest-selling solo album of her career but it still managed to receive gold certification.

Career consolidation: 2003 - 2008[link]

Sangalo in 2005.

MTV Ao Vivo Ivete Sangalo (MTV Live: Ivete Sangalo) (2004), was a live album and included her biggest hits, few released on a live album before, and some Banda Eva hits. The album earned huge sales, most of them because of the single "Sorte Grande", which was renamed "Poeira" by the public and became a big hit in parties, on the radio and also at soccer stadiums (where it was used to cheer the soccer teams). The song received heavy airplay in Brazil. The album received diamond certification and was the second best-selling album of 2004. The DVD, which included the concert held at the Fonte Nova stadium, was certified 3x Diamond, sold over 600,000 copies, and is the best-selling musical DVD in Brazil of all time (and the best-selling musical DVD in the world in the second half of 2005).

Her 2005 album, As Supernovas, received triple platinum certification shortly after its release. The album was less upbeat than the others and included some songs with a 1970s touch, with the big influence of Brazilian singer Ed Motta. She also included the hit "Soy Loco por ti America", a Gilberto Gil song. Sangalo's cover would become the theme song of Rede Globo's soap opera América, and thanks to the tie-in, the song became very popular. "Quando a Chuva Passar" was notable for being nominated at the Latin Grammy Awards, an uncommon feature for a non-Spanish-speaking singer. As Supernovas also received diamond certification which consolidated her as the biggest female solo singer in Brazil.

Due to her remarkable appearances on TV, Rede Globo, the biggest Brazilian TV station, invited her to host the TV show Estação Globo, which aires about six episodes every year in late December/early January.

On December 16, 2006, she performed in the Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, where Paul McCartney, Rolling Stones, Kiss, Police, Rush, RBD, and Madonna also performed. She was the first Brazilian act to perform in this stadium since pop phenomenon Sandy & Junior in 2002. The concert was released as a DVD in May 2007. While her last live DVD was an MTV Ao Vivo, this new one was from the Multishow Ao Vivo brand.

Her biggest career hits were "Sorte Grande" (which was renamed "Poeira" and was sung by crowds at soccer games) and "Festa".^[5] "Festa" was her biggest single in airplay both on the radio and on music TV channels while "Sorte Grande" was one of the reasons her MTV Ao Vivo album was such a huge hit, being currently her most well-known song. "Quando a Chuva Passar" was also very popular. The single "Berimbau Metalizado" was the first one in Brazil to receive gold certification for 50,000 digital downloads in 2007.

Currently, she's Brazil's most popular female singer based on her CD and DVD sales. Sangalo has sold more than 7,000,000 CDs copies and more than 1,500,000 DVDs copies. It's estimated that she has a patrimony of R$400,000,000 ($225,000,000). She is one of the richest Brazilian entertainers at the time, having several parallel business, including her own production company, "Caco de Telha", and lucrative commercial deals.

She is also one of the highest-paid concert acts. According to O Globo, Sangalo asks for R$240,000 ($120,000 per concert) and a percentage of tickets sale, which makes her final paycheck R$350,000 ($275,000), the second highest-paid act in Brazil. (Roberto Carlos is the most expensive, asking R$700,000 per concert). For special concerts,, the price may reach R$2 million ($1 million dollars).

Her parallel business, like her performances at her "blocos" on Salvador carnival and other performances at trio elétrico in off-season carnivals, are also very lucrative, as well as her commercial deals with companies like Avon, Grendene, Panasonic, Garnier, Danone, Arisco, Bradesco, Nova Schin beer, among others.

Thanks to Sangalo, her record company, Universal, went back to the #1 most lucrative record company in Brazil, after losing the spot to Sony BMG. Her Ao Vivo no Maracanã DVD sold 555,000 copies making it the best-selling musical DVD of the year in Brazil and the best-selling musical DVD overall in 2007 for Universal Records, including international acts.^[6] In October 2008, she released a children's album with Saulo Fernandes, lead-singer of Banda Eva.

2009 - present: Pode Entrar, motherhood, US mini tour[link]

In June 2009, the singer released her tenth studio album, Pode Entrar, recorded in a studio set up at her home, in Salvador. The project had Sangalo in a more intimate way, entertaining friends at her house, artists for duets and musical partnerships also acclaimed and unprecedented. It was also released as DVD and includes guest stars such as Maria Bethânia, Carlinhos Brown, Lulu Santos and Marcelo Camelo. The album includes the huge summer hits Cadê Dalila, elected the "song of the Salvador carnival" in 2009, and Na Base do Beijo, which had heavy airplay in the beginning of 2010. Both of them peaked #1 in the Brazilian charts. There's also Agora Eu Já Sei, a smash romantic hit that charted #2 in the winter of 2009. This album received three nominations for the 2009 Latin Grammy Awards.

On September 8, 2009, it was confirmed that Sangalo would be opening R&B singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles' concerts of her I Am... Tour in Brazil, in the cities of São Paulo and Salvador, Bahia.^[7] These shows took place in February, 2010.

Her first child, a boy named Marcelo, was born on October 2, 2009, in Salvador. His first public appearance was on May 16, 2010, when the press was able to take photos of Marcelo with his mother after his baptism in Salvador, which gathered many celebrities.

On November 17, 2009, she released a clothing collection through a deal with Lojas Riachuelo, the third biggest retail stores in Brazil.

In early 2010, she was the winner of the "Music" category of Shorty Awards for the best Twitter users.

In April 2010, a new DVD, "Ivete Sangalo Duetos" ("Ivete Sangalo duets", in English), was released, with a total of 19 performances with other artists, all of them previously released in her own discography or in the discography of the other artists with whom she sings. This DVD include performances with Alejandro Sanz, Alexandre Pires, Roberto Carlos, Gilberto Gil, Jorge Ben Jor, Zezé Di Camargo & Luciano, among other artists, and managed to peak #1 on Brazilian charts by the second week of May, 2010.

She was invited by TAM Airlines, which is now one of her sponsors, to perform on a private show to commemorate the entry of the airline in the Star Alliance. This pocket show took place beneath the Pão de Açúcar, in Rio de Janeiro, on May 13, 2010, and was broadcast by Terra Networks.

In Portugal, she was the only artist to perform at the four editions of Rock in Rio festival held in Lisbon. Her debut in the country in the 2004 edition of the festival charmed the Portuguese people and made her famous there. In the 2010 edition, she was one of the most awaited attractions of the opening night on May 21, and performed to an audience of more than 80 thousand people.

The Brazilian star performed at the Madison Square Garden, New York City, where she recorded her third live DVD, on September 4, 2010. There were four guest stars with whom she sang at her NYC's sold out show: they were Nelly Furtado, Seu Jorge, Juanes and Diego Torres. Newspapers such as New York Times and New York Post published positive reviews of this show. The singer also performed at the American Airlines Arena in Miami on August 28, at the DCU Center in Worcester on September 1 and at the Brazilian Day party in Toronto on September 6. This was her 2010 North American mini tour.

Brazilian media published in the beginning of September 2010 that Ivete Sangalo would go on tour around Brazil with Shakira in 2011. Later, it was known that the agreement would be for her to perform at Shakira's The Pop Festival shows. The contract would have been signed on Saturday, September 4, in New York, the same day of her show on Madison Square Garden. That same week, Sangalo confirmed she quietly got married to nutritionist Daniel Cady, father of her son Marcelo, after dating for two years.

On Saturday, September 11, the singer made an appearance at Dave Matthews Band's show in Dallas, Texas, where she performed with the band the song You And Me, in a Portuguese-English version. This performance was also recorded and featured on her live DVD.

The singer also made an appearance at Gigi D'Alessio's show in Rome on Tuesday, September 21. They performed an Italian version of her success "Se eu não te amasse tanto assim" and "Easy", Lionel Richie's cover, that had been previously performed at the Madison Square Garden and the DCU Center.

The Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden record was released on December 7, after being broadcast on December 5 at Brazilian cable TV Multishow. On launch day on December 7, the disc had sold over 300,000 copies in its only pre-sale, which earned him a certified Triple Platinum and Gold Record by ABPD. At the end of January, the DVD is leading Brazilian charts for the 7th consecutive week since its debut. Its first single "Acelera Aê (Noite do bem)" also managed to peak #1 on Brazilian charts and "Desejo de Amar" was chosen to be the 2011 Carnival's song.

In 2010, Ivete Sangalo joined forces with Avon as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices,^[8] Avon’s first ever global, online singing talent search for women and songwriting competition for men and women.

Performance of Ivete Sangalo in Brazilian Oktoberfest - crowded.

Reception[link]

The New York Times praised the show in Madison Square Garden, comparing Sangalo to Beyoncé and Shakira, saying Sangalo has a strong energy and charisma. The article points out that the barrier of language as the main challenge for her international career and success.^[9] 14,500 people were in attendance for the concert. Far more than the normal 3,000-4,000 that would be expected for a non-English-speaking act when playing in the US.^[10]

Discography[link]

• Ivete Sangalo (1999)
• Beat Beleza (2000)
• Festa (2002)
• Clube Carnavalesco Inocentes em Progresso (2003)
• MTV Ao Vivo - Ivete Sangalo (2004)
• As Super Novas (2005)
• Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete no Maracanã (2007)
• Veveta e Saulinho - A Casa Amarela (2008)
• Pode Entrar: Multishow Registro (2009)
• Multishow ao Vivo: Ivete Sangalo no Madison Square Garden (2011)

Advertising spokesperson[link]

• Arisco
• Grendha
• Nova Schin
• Higgfly
• Kopenhagen
• Sagres Chop
• Caboré
• Philips
• Maratá
• Iguatemi Mall
• Riachuelo (Store)
• Colorama (Nail Polish)
• Fototica
• TAM Airlines
• Avon
• Chevrolet
• Bombril
• Danone
• Garnier

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Last.fm

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ivete Sangalo

This article's factual accuracy is disputed. Please help to ensure that disputed facts are reliably sourced. See the relevant discussion on the talk page. (June 2009)

Adoniran Barbosa, artistic name of João Rubinato (6 August 1910, Valinhos - 23 November 1982, São Paulo), was a famous Brazilian São Paulo style samba singer and composer.

Adoniran Barbosa.

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

João Rubinato was the seventh child of Emma and Ferdinando Rubinato, Italian immigrants from Cavarzere (province of Venice). His parents had settled in Valinhos, a rural town in the state of São Paulo, about 70 km from the city of São Paulo. In 2010, two bridges were named after Rubinato: one located in Valinhos, Brazil, where the singer was born, and another in Cavarzere, Italy, where his parents came from.^[1]

He is said to have been a rather reluctant student, and started working at an early age (which required falsifying his birth date). His first job was a sweeper boy and general helper at a railway company in the nearby town of Jundiaí. In 1924 he moved to Santo André, a town in the Greater São Paulo area, where he went through many jobs — loom operator, painter, plumber, iron worker, peddler and waiter. At a local technical school (the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios) he learned the office of mechanical assistant.

Debut as composer and singer[link]

In 1933 João Rubinato moved to the city of São Paulo, where he started composing songs and tried his luck as a singer in Cruzeiro do Sul radio station, in a talent-scouting show directed by Jorge Amaral. After many failures, he finally succeeded with the Noel Rosa's samba Filosofia, and got a contract for a weekly 15 minute show.

Fearful that a samba artist with an Italian surname would not be taken seriously by the public, João Rubinato then decided to adopt a more Brazilian-sounding name. So he borrowed the unusual "Adoniran" from one of his friends, and "Barbosa" from samba composer Luiz Barbosa, his idol.

In 1935 he won a Carnaval song contest sponsored by the city of São Paulo, with the samba Dona Boa, composed together with J. Aimberê. Spirited by that success, he married his longtime girlfriend Olga. The couple had a daughter, Maria Helena, but the marriage broke up in less than one year.

At the Rádio Record[link]

In 1941 he started performing comedy in the radio theater programs of the São Paulo radio station Rádio Record, — which would later become one of the top television and radio networks of Brazil — Rede Record. He remained with that network until his retirement in 1972; giving his voice to various popular characters created together with writer Osvaldo Moles, like: Pernafina, Zé Cunversa, and Jean Rubinet (a parody of a French movie star). He also played parts in the movies: Pif-Paf (1945) and Caídos do Céu ("Fallen from Heaven") (1946), both directed by Ademar Gonzaga. In 1949 he married Matilde de Lutiis, who would be his companion and co-author for the next 50 years.

In 1953 he made a fine performance in the movie O Cangaceiro, by director Lima Barreto. In the early 1950s he wrote many songs on typical São Paulo themes, most of them recorded by the band Demônios da Garoa, and won two other São Paulo Carnaval contests. In 1955 he introduced the enormously popular character Charutinho ("Short Cigar") in the radio humor show Histórias das Malocas ("Shantytown Stories").

Adoniran also acted in some of the earliest Brazilian soap operas (telenovelas), such as A Pensão de D. Isaura ("Ms. Isaura's Boarding Home"), and comic programs like Ceará contra 007 ("Ceará against 007") and Papai Sabe Nada ("Daddy Knows Nothing").

Later years[link]

In spite of the success of his songs and radio characters, Adoniran only became a star of sorts after 1973 when he recorded his first own album. That made him respected as a major composer, and gave him some media exposure. Nevertheless, through his career he continued living a simple and happy life. He had earned a private table at the Bar Brahma, one of the city's most traditional bars.

While he never lost his love of São Paulo, towards the end of his life he became increasinly sad about the disappearance of its traditional character. "Until the 1960s," he once said, "São Paulo still existed, but since then I have been looking for it, and could not find it. Brás, where is Brás now? And Bexiga, where is it? I was told to look for the Sé. Could not find it. all I see is cars and concrete."

While his music continued to be played, Adoniran himself was gradually forgotten by the public; so that when he died in 1982, in relative poverty, he had at his side only his wife and a brother in law. However, almost 30 years after his death he is still remembered by popular Brazilian singers like Perci Guzzo, who occasionally performs his songs in tribute.^[2]

Homages[link]

Besides the Museu Adoniran Barbosa (at Rua XV de Novembro, 347), there are many mementos of the composer scattered through São Paulo. He gave his name to a school in Itaquera, to a street in the borough of Bexiga, to a Bar Adoniran Barbosa, and to a square. In the Don Orione Square there is a bust of the artist, and in Jaçanã there is a street called "Rua Trem das Onze (11 PM Train Street)".

Musical production[link]

Themes[link]

Adoniran Barbosa made good on the hardships of his youth by becoming the composer of the lower classes of São Paulo, particularly the poor Italian immigrants living in the quarters of Bexiga (Bela Vista) and Brás, and the poor who lived in the city's many malocas (the shanties of favelas) and cortiços (degraded multifamily row houses).

The themes of his songs are drawn from the life of low-wage urban workers, the unemployed and the vagabonds. His first big hit was Saudosa Maloca ("Shanty of Fond Memories", 1951), where three homeless friends recall with nostalgia their improvised shanty, which was torn down by the landowner to make room for a building. His next success Joga a Chave ("Throw me the Doorkey", 1952) was inspired on his own frequent experiences of arriving late at home and finding the door locked by his wife, Matilde. In his Trem das Onze ("The 11 PM Train", 1964), which has been ranked one of the five best samba songs ever, the protagonist explains to his lover that he cannot stay any longer because he has to catch the last train to the Jaçanã suburb, and besides his mother will not sleep before he arrives.

Adoniran's language[link]

Unlike the samba songs of the previous decades, which generally used the formal Portuguese of the educated class, Adoniran's lyrics are a realistic record of the informal speech of São Paulo's lower classes. He once said "I only write samba for the common people. That is why I write lyrics in 'wrong' Portuguese, because that is how the common people speak. Besides, I feel that samba is more beautiful when sung that way". The homeless narrator of his Saudosa Maloca, for example, tells of the day when his shanty was torn down by the landowner:

The peguemo instead of pegamos, fumo instead of fomos, nós sentia instead of nós sentíamos, and tauba instead of tábua were all standard features of the speech of many paulistas. Yet, because of the strong social prejudice attached to such "bad" Portuguese, few if any authors before Adoniran had dared to put those "errors" in writing. Even lyrics ostensibly sung by poor favela dwellers, such as the classic samba Chão de Estrelas ("Starry Floor"), were paragons of correct grammar and pronunciation.

Thus Adoniran's use of "real" Brazilian Portuguese was a revolution that may be comparable to Gershwin's use of Gullah in Porgy and Bess. Indeed, he was often strongly criticized for it, even by poet and composer Vinícius de Moraes (of The Girl from Ipanema fame). But Adoniran did not mind his critics, and his mastery allowed him to break impunely with convention: as he used to say, art was required to sing in "wrong" language. And the success of his most popular songs, such as Tiro ao Álvaro (1960), was undoubtedly due in good part to the warmth and naturalness of its language.

Barbosa was known as the composer to the lower classes of São Paulo, particularly the poor Italian immigrants living in the quarters of Bexiga (Bela Vista) and Brás, as well as the poor who lived in the city's many shanties and cortiços (degraded multifamily row houses). He knew well the Italian-Portuguese pidgin spoken in the streets of São Paulo, mostly in the sections of Mooca, Brás and Bexiga. In 1965, Barbosa wrote Samba Italiano (Italian Samba), a song that has Brazilian rhythm and theme, but (mostly) Italian lyrics. Below, the lyrics of this song, with the parts in (mangled) Portuguese in bold and the parts in Italian in normal font:

Musical style[link]

His favorite musical style is the samba paulista, the samba of São Paulo, generally despised by the sambistas of Rio de Janeiro. A feature of this style is the samba de breque ("brake samba"), where the music is suddenly interrupted to make space for a few spoken words, or a sudden reversal in the melodic line. For example, one of his great successes, the Samba do Arnesto ("Arnest's Samba", 1953) begins:

O Arnesto nus convidou prum samba, ele mora no Brás.

"Arnest invited us for a samba, he lives in Brás."

The melodic line is suspended briefly for the phrase ele mora no Brás, which marks it as a parenthetical remark — not only in the lyrics, but in the music as well.

Compositions[link]

Malvina, 1951

Saudosa maloca, 1951

Joga a chave, with Osvaldo Moles 1952

Samba do Arnesto, 1953

Pra que chorar, with Matilde de Lutiis

A garoa vem descendo, with Matilde de Lutiis

As mariposas, 1955

Iracema, 1956

Apaga o fogo Mané, 1956

Bom-dia tristeza, 1958

Abrigo de vagabundo, 1959

No morro da Casa Verde, 1959

Prova de carinho, 1960

Tiro ao Álvaro, with Osvaldo Moles 1960

Luz da light, 1964

Trem das Onze, 1964

Agüenta a mão, 1965

Samba Italiano, 1965

Tocar na banda, 1965

Pafunça, with Osvaldo Moles 1965

O casamento do Moacir, 1967

Mulher, patrão e cachaça, 1968

Vila Esperança, 1968

Despejo na favela, 1969

Fica mais um pouco, amor, 1975

Acende o candieiro, 1972

Uma Simples Margarida (Samba do Metrô)

Já Fui uma Brasa

Rua dos Gusmões

Adoniran also left some 90 unpublished lyrics, which are being posthumously set to music by various composers.

Quotes[link]

• Deus dá o frio conforme o cubertô. ("God gives us the cold according to the blanket"). In: Saudosa Maloca (1951)
• Mai daí, o homem reza todo dia uma oração. Se quiser tirá de mim arguma coisa de bão, que me tire o trabáio. a muié não! ("Thence man prays every day so: if You wish to take something good away from me, please take away my job, not my woman!"). In: Conselho de Mulher.
• Não seja bobo, não se escracha. Mulher, patrão e cachaça, em qualquer canto se acha. ("Don't be a fool, don't get too upset. Woman, boss and brandy can be found on any corner"). In: Mulher, Patrão e Cachaça (1968).
• Nóis viemos aqui prá beber ou prá conversá? ("Did we come here to drink or to talk?"). In: Nóis Viemos Aqui Prá Quê?
• Falar errado é uma arte, senão vira deboche. ("To speak wrongly is an art, otherwise it becomes scoffing")

See also[link]

• Paulo Vanzolini

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official site
• Adoniran Barbosa. Biography (in Portuguese).
• Another one
• And another
• Lyrics of Adoniram Barbosa Songs. In Portuguese.
• MP3 Recordings of Adoniram Barbosa songs. Terra Music (30 sec. samples, sung by himself)