- published: 13 Jul 2007
- views: 1183435
- author: kano
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![SB.TV - Kano & Mikey J feat. Maxsta - Alien [Music Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121208081947im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/aeFZEmWIgVo/default.jpg "After kicking the door off the bloody hinges last week with the first installment of their Not 4 The A List free download series in the form of the riot inciting")
![Sway ft Kano - Still Speedin' [Remix] - OUT NOW!!!!](http://web.archive.org./web/20121208081947im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Hz3Htaa6Sc0/default.jpg "Sway - Still Speedin' (Digital Single) | OUT NOW!!! | bit.ly Sway drops the first official remix to his smash street single 'Still Speedin'' featuring one of the UK's finest MC's Kano")
![Ghetts Ft. Scorcher, Kano & Wretch 32 - On A Level [Remix] (Official Video)](http://web.archive.org./web/20121208081947im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/QUdhBQRSxWs/default.jpg "Ghetts - On A Level Remix Ft. Scorcher, Kano & Wretch 32 AVAILABLE ON ITUNES NOW!!! bit.ly Directed by Carly Cussen © Collective Records/ Ghetts It In Gang collective-records.co.uk @CollectiveR/ @TheRealGhetts")
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Andorra
Andorra (
i/ænˈdɔrə/; Catalan pronunciation: [ənˈdorə], locally: [anˈdɔra]), officially the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: Principat d'Andorra), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (Catalan: Principat de les Valls d'Andorra), is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of 468 km2 (181 sq mi) and an estimated population of 84,082 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, at an elevation of 1,023 metres (3,356 ft) above sea level. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, Portuguese, and French are also commonly spoken.
The Principality was formed in 1278. The role of monarch is exercised jointly by the two co-princes, the Catalan Bishop of Urgell and the President of France (the whole state is a part of Diocese of Urgell).
Andorra is a prosperous country mainly because of its tourism industry, which services an estimated 10.2 million visitors annually, and also because of its status as a tax haven. It is not a member of the European Union, but the euro is the de facto currency. The people of Andorra have the 4th highest human life expectancy in the world — 82 years at birth.
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Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (i/ænˈtiːɡə ænd bɑrˈbjuːdə/; Spanish for "ancient" and "bearded") is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guinea, Long, Maiden and York Islands and further south, the island of Redonda). The permanent population number approximately 81,800 (at the 2011 Census) and the capital and largest port and city is St. John's, on Antigua.
Separated by a few nautical miles, Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands, part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17 degrees north of the Equator. The country is nicknamed "Land of 365 Beaches" due to the many beaches surrounding the islands. Its governance, language, and culture have all been strongly influenced by the British Empire, of which the country was formerly a part.
Antigua was first settled by Archaic Age hunter-gatherer Amerindians, erroneously referred to as Siboney or Ciboney.Carbon-dating has established that the earliest settlements started around 3100 BC. They were succeeded by the Ceramic Age pre-Columbian Arawak-speaking Saladoid people who migrated from the lower Orinoco River.
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Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Bahrain
Bahrain ( pronunciation) (Arabic: البحرين, al-Baḥrayn) (Persian: بحرين, Baḥrain), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: مملكة البحرين, Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn), is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,234,571, including 666,172 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.
Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 islands, the largest being Bahrain Island, at 55 km (34 mi) long by 18 km (11 mi) wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway. The peninsula of Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain. The planned Qatar Bahrain Causeway will link Bahrain and Qatar and become the world's longest marine causeway.
Known for its oil and pearls, Bahrain is also home to many large structures, including the Bahrain World Trade Center and the Bahrain Financial Harbour, with a proposal in place to build the 1,022 m (3,353 ft) high Murjan Tower. The Qal'at al-Bahrain (the harbour and capital of the ancient land of Dilmun) was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. The Bahrain Formula One Grand Prix takes place at the Bahrain International Circuit.
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Barbados
Coordinates: 13°10′N 59°33′W / 13.167°N 59.55°W / 13.167; -59.55
Barbados (i/bɑrˈbeɪdɒs/ or /bɑrˈbeɪdoʊs/) is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is 34 kilometres (21 mi) in length and up to 23 kilometres (14 mi) in width, covering an area of 431 square kilometres (166 sq mi). It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about 168 kilometres (104 mi) east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and 400 kilometres (250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
Barbados was initially visited by the Spanish around the late 1400s to early 1500s and first appears on a Spanish map from 1511. The Spanish explorers may have plundered the island of whatever native peoples resided therein to become slaves. The Portuguese visited in 1536, but they too left it unclaimed, with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited. The first English ship, the Olive Blossom, arrived in Barbados in 1624. They took possession of it in the name of the British king James I. Two years later in 1627 the first permanent settlers arrived from England and it became an English and later British colony.
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Belgium
Belgium (i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
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Belize
Belizei/bəˈliːz/ (formerly British Honduras) is a country located on the north eastern coast of Central America and it is the only country in the area where English is the official language, although Kriol and Spanish are more commonly spoken. Belize is bordered to the north by Mexico, south and west by Guatemala, and to the east by the Caribbean Sea. Its mainland is about 290 kilometres (180 mi) long and 110 kilometres (68 mi) wide.
With 22,960 square kilometres (8,860 sq mi) of land and a population of only 333,200 inhabitants (2010 est.), Belize possesses the lowest population density in Central America. The country's population growth rate of 2.21% (2008 est.), however, is the highest in the region and one of the highest in the western hemisphere. Belize's abundance of terrestrial and marine species, and its diversity of ecosystems give it a key place within the globally significant Mesoamerican Biological Corridor.
Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages and it is the only nation in the region with a British colonial heritage but as a part of the Western Caribbean Zone, it also shares a common heritage with the Caribbean portions of other Central American countries. In general, Belize is considered to be a Central American nation with strong ties to both the Caribbean and Latin America. Belize is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA).
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Bhutan
Coordinates: 27°25′01″N 90°26′06″E / 27.417°N 90.435°E / 27.417; 90.435
Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, tr ʼbrug-yul, "Druk Yul"; Devanagari भूटान, Bhūṭān), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China. Bhutan is separated from the nearby country of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal.
Bhutan existed as a patchwork of minor warring fiefdoms until the early 17th century, when the area was unified by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who fled religious persecution in Tibet and cultivated a separate Bhutanese identity. In the early 20th century, Bhutan came into contact with the British Empire, after which Bhutan continued strong bilateral relations with India upon its independence. In 2006, Business Week rated Bhutan the happiest country in Asia and the eighth-happiest in the world, based on a global survey.
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Boston University
Boston University (often initialized as BU) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers. The university is nonsectarian, but is historically affiliated with The United Methodist Church.
BU is categorized as an RU/VH Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. In 2009–2010, BU had research expenditures of $407.8 million, or $553 million if the research led by the Medical School faculty at Boston Medical Center is included. BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education.
Among its faculty and alumni, BU counts 7 Nobel Prize winners, including Martin Luther King, Jr. (PhD '55); 22 Pulitzer Prize winners, and numerous[quantify]Guggenheim and MacArthur fellows.
The university offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees, and medical and dental degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, while the Boston University Medical Campus is in Boston's South End neighborhood. BU also operates 75 study abroad programs in over 33 cities in over 20 countries and has internship opportunities in 10 different countries (including the United States and abroad).
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Brunei
Bruneii/bruːˈnaɪ/, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, and it is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. It is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo, with the remainder of the island belonging to Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 401,890 in July 2011.
The official national history claims that Brunei can trace its beginnings to the 7th century, when it was a subject state of the Srivijayan empire under the name P'o-li. It later became a vassal state of Majapahit empire before converting to Islam in the 15th century. At the peak of its empire, the sultanate had control that extended over the coastal regions of modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, the Sulu archipelago, and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The thalassocracy was visited by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 and fought the Castille War in 1578 against Spain. Its empire began to decline with the forced ceding of Sarawak to James Brooke and the ceding of Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. After the loss of Limbang, Brunei finally became a British protectorate in 1888, receiving a resident in 1906. In the years after the Japanese wartime occupation during World War II, it formalised a constitution and fought an armed rebellion. Brunei regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1970s and 1990s, averaging 56% from 1999 to 2008, has transformed Brunei Darussalam into a newly industrialised country.
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Cambodia
Cambodia (i/kæmˈboʊdiə/;Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Kampuchea, IPA: [kɑmˈpuˈciə]), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total landmass of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi), it is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
With a population of over 14.8 million, Cambodia is the 68th most populous country in the world. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is practiced by around 95% of the Cambodian population. The country minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and 30 various hill tribes. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh; the political, economic, and cultural center of Cambodia. The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Challawa Gorge Dam
Coordinates: 11°44′34″N 8°1′2″E / 11.74278°N 8.01722°E / 11.74278; 8.01722
The Challawa Gorge Dam is in Karaye Local Government of Kano State in the Northeast of Nigeria, about 90 km southwest of Kano city. It is a major reservoir on the Challawa River, a tributary of the Kano River, which is the main tributary of the Hadejia River.
The Challawa Gorge reservoir project was started by the Water Resources and Engineering Construction Agency of the Kano State Government, and was later handed over to the Federal Government who funded the project. The dam is owned and operated by the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Development Authority, a Federal agency.
The dam was built by Julius Berger Nigeria in 1990 - 1992 using rock fill construction. It is 42 m high and 7.8 km in length. The dam has a full storage capacity of 904,000,000 m3. The direct catchment area is 3857 km2.
The dam was designed with the potential for hydro power generation in mind, and may have a capacity of 3MW on average - more in the rainy season and less in dry season. However, power would cost considerably more to deliver than current retail prices, and it is not clear how a project to install the generating equipment would be financed.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] (
listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Fagge
Fagge is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria, within the greater Kano area. Its headquarters are in the suburb of Waje.
It has an area of 21 km² and a population of 198,828 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 700.
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Great Mosque of Kano
The Great Mosque of Kano is a mosque in Kano, the capital of Kano State and second most populous city in Nigeria.
The great mosque was built for Muhammad Rumfa in the 15th century. It was made of mud, and was of the soro, or tower, variety. It was moved to a new site by Muhammad Zaki in 1582, and rebuilt in the mid 19th century by Abdullahi dan Dabo. It was destroyed in the 1950s, and rebuilt with British sponsorship.
Coordinates: 11°59′41″N 8°31′03″E / 11.99472°N 8.5175°E / 11.99472; 8.5175
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Grenada
Grenada (
i/ɡrɨˈneɪdə/) is an island country and Commonwealth realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Grenada is also known as the "Island of Spice" because of the production of nutmeg and mace crops of which Grenada is one of the world's largest exporters. Its size is 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi), with an estimated population of 110,000. Its capital is St. George's. The national bird of Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada Dove.
Grenada was first sighted by Europeans in 1498 during the third voyage of Christopher Columbus to the new world. At the time the indigenous Island Caribs (Kalinago) who lived there called it Camahogne. The Spaniards did not permanently settle on Camahogne. The English failed in their attempt at settlement in 1609.
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Gwale
Gwale is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria within Greater Kano city. Its headquarters are in the suburb of Gwale.
It has an area of 18 km² and a population of 362,059 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 700.
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Jamaica
Coordinates: 18°10′57″N 77°19′18″W / 18.1823878°N 77.3217773°W / 18.1823878; -77.3217773
Jamaica (i/dʒəˈmeɪkə/), officially the Commonwealth of Jamaica, is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (145 mi) in length, up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width, and 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno name for the island was Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs".
Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it became an English colony in 1655 under the name "Jamaica". It achieved full independence from Britain on August 6, 1962. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. It remains a Commonwealth realm in concert with the Monarchy of Jamaica holding ultimate executive power, where Queen Elizabeth II is the current head of state and Queen of Jamaica.Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jordan
Jordan ( /ˈdʒɔr.dən/;Arabic: اَلأُرْدُنّ, Al-'Urdunn), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: اَلمَمْلَكَة اَلأُرْدُنِيَّة اَلهَاشِمِيَّة), Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdaniyyah Al-Hashimiyyah) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing control of the Dead Sea with the latter. Jordan's only port is at its south-western tip, at the Gulf of Aqaba, which is shared with Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. Over half of Jordan is covered by the Arabian Desert. However, the western part of Jordan is arable land and forests. Jordan is part of the Fertile Crescent. The capital city is Amman. According to the CIA World Factbook, Jordan has the second highest life expectancy in the Middle East, after Israel. The average life expectancy is one position behind the United Kingdom, although the age remains exactly the same (80.05 years).
The precursor to modern Jordan was founded in 1921 as the Hashemite Emirate, and it was recognized by the League of Nations as a state under the British mandate in 1922 known as The Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan became an independent sovereign state officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. After capturing the West Bank area of Cisjordan during the 1948–49 war with Israel, Abdullah I took the title King of Jordan and Palestine, and he officially changed the country's name to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in April 1949.
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Jos Plateau
The Jos Plateau is a plateau located near the center of Nigeria. It covers 8600 km² and is bounded by 300-600 meter escarpments around much of its circumference. With an average altitude of 1280 metres and its highest point is Shere Hills 1829 meters . The plateau has given its name to the State, Plateau State in which it is found and is itself named for the state's capital, Jos.
The Jos Plateau is dominated by three rock types. The Older Granites date to the late Cambrian and Orduvician. The Younger Granites are emplacements dating to the Jurassic, and forming part of a series that includes the Air massif in the central sahara. There are also many volcanoes and sheets of basalt extruded since the Pliocene (Morgan 1983).
The Younger Granites contain tin which was mined during and after the colonial period.
Important rivers are Kaduna, Gongola, Hadejia and Yobe, which have their source in this place.
The climate on the Plateau is the semi-temperate climate climate with temperatures ranging from 18 °C (64.4 °F) 25 °C (77.0 °F).
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Kaduna
Kaduna is the state capital of Kaduna State in north-central Nigeria. The city, located on the Kaduna River, is a trade center and a major transportation hub for the surrounding agricultural areas with its rail and road junction. The population of Kaduna is at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. The symbol of Kaduna is the crocodile, called kada in the native Hausa language.
Kaduna was founded by the British in 1913, and became the capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region in 1917. It retained this status until 1967.
Persons hailing from Kaduna include Emmanuel Babayaro, Celestine Babayaro and Victor Moses (Nigerian footballers) and Fiona Fullerton (British actress and former Bond girl)
The Nigerian Islamic umbrella association Jama’atu Nasril Islam is based in the city.
Due to its religious makeup, Kaduna has been the scene of religious tensions between Muslims and Christians, particularly over the implementation of shari'a law in Kaduna State beginning in 2001. In February 2000, approximately 1,000 people were killed in a particular riot. The city remains segregated to this day, with Muslims living mainly in the north of the city and Christians in the south.
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Kano
Kano is a city in Nigeria and the capital of Kano State in Northern Nigeria. Its metropolitan population is the second largest in Nigeria after Lagos. The Kano Urban area covers 137 km2 and comprises six Local Government Area (LGAs) - Kano Municipal, Fagge, Dala, Gwale, Tarauni and Nassarawa - with a population of 2,163,225 at the 2006 Nigerian census. The Metropolitan Area covers 499 km2 and comprises eight LGAs - the six mentioned above plus Ungogo and Kumbotso - with a population of 2,828,861 at the 2006 Nigerian census.
The principal inhabitants of the city are of the Hausa people. As in most parts of Northern Nigeria, the Hausa Language is widely spoken in Kano. The city is the capital of the Kano Emirate, and the current Emir, Ado Bayero, has been on the throne since 1963. The city is home to the Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport, the main airport serving northern Nigeria and was named after Nigerian politician Aminu Kano.
In the 7th century, Dala Hill, a residual hill in Kano, was the site of a hunting and gathering community that engaged in iron work; it is unknown whether these were Hausa people or speakers of Niger–Congo languages. Kano was originally known as Dala, after the hill, and was referred to as such as late as the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th by Bornoan sources.
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Kano Municipal
Kano Municipal is a Local Government Area within the Kano Urban Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in Kofar Kudu, in the south of the city of Kano.
It has an area of 17 km² and a population of 365,525 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 700.
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Kano River
The Kano River (狩野川, Kano-gawa?) is a 1st class river in Shizuoka Prefecture of ceniral Japan. It is 46 km long and has a watershed of 853 km².
The Kano River rises from Mount Amagi in central Izu Peninsula and follows a generally northern path into Suruga Bay at Numazu. The Izu Peninsula is characterized by heavy rainfall, and the Kano River has a steep gradient with rapid flow and is prone to flooding. During a powerful typhoon in September 1958 (later designated the "Kanogawa Typhoon"), the river caused heavy damage to towns along its banks, resulting in 1269 deaths.
The Jōren Falls, one of Japan's Top 100 Waterfalls is located in the upper reaches of the Kano River.
35°04′47″N 138°51′17″E / 35.079645°N 138.854833°E / 35.079645; 138.854833Coordinates: 35°04′47″N 138°51′17″E / 35.079645°N 138.854833°E / 35.079645; 138.854833 (confluence with Ibi River)
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Kumbotso
Kumbotso is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kumbotso.
It has an area of 158 km² and a population of 295,979 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 700.
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Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwaiti/kuːˈweɪt/ (Arabic: دولة الكويت, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic أكوات ākwāt, the plural of كوت kūt, meaning a fortress built near water. The country covers an area of 17,820 square kilometers (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 3.5 million.
Historically, the region was the site of Characene, a major Parthian port for trade between Mesopotamia and India. The Bani Utbah tribe were the first permanent Arab settlers in the region, and laid the foundation of the modern emirate. By the 19th century, Kuwait came under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, and after World War I, it emerged as an independent sheikhdom under the protection of the British Empire. Kuwait's large oil fields were discovered in the late 1930s.
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Lagos
Lagos (/ˈleɪɡɒs/ LAY-gos) is a port city and the most populous city in Nigeria. Officially, the population of Lagos was last recorded at 7,937,932. Lagos is the second fastest growing city in Africa and the 7th fastest in the world. Lagos was originally inhabited by the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba people. Under the leadership of their Olofin, the Awori moved to an island now called Iddo and then to the larger Lagos Island. In the 15th century, the Awori settlement was attacked by the Benin Empire following a quarrel, and the island became a Benin war-camp called "Eko" under Oba Orhogba, the Oba of Benin at the time.
Lagos is a huge metropolis which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon whilst protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja and Agege, now reaches more than 40 km north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.
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Lesotho
Lesotho (i/lɨˈsuːtuː/ li-SOO-too), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, completely surrounded by its only neighboring country, the Republic of South Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name Lesotho translates roughly into the land of the people who speak Sesotho. About 40% of the population live below the international poverty line of US $1.25 a day.
The earliest known inhabitants of the area were Khoisan hunter-gatherers. They were largely replaced by Wasja-speaking tribes during Bantu migrations. The Sotho-Tswana people colonized the general region of South Africa between the 3rd and 11th centuries.
The present Lesotho (then called Basutoland) emerged as a single polity under king Moshoeshoe I in 1822. Moshoeshoe, a son of Mokhachane, a minor chief of the Bakoteli lineage, formed his own clan and became a chief around 1804. Between 1821 and 1823, he and his followers settled at the Butha-Buthe Mountain, joining with former adversaries in resistance against the Lifaqane associated with the reign of Shaka Zulu from 1818 to 1828.[citation needed]
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Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (i/ˈlɪktənstaɪn/ LIK-tən-styn; German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein, German pronunciation: [ˈfʏʁstn̩tuːm ˈlɪçtn̩ʃtaɪn]) is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over 160 square kilometres (62 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan. Liechtenstein has the highest gross domestic product per person in the world when adjusted by purchasing power parity, and has the world's lowest external debt. Liechtenstein also has the second lowest unemployment rate in the world at 1.5% (Monaco is first).
Liechtenstein is the smallest yet the richest (by measure of GDP per capita) German-speaking country in the world and the only country to lie entirely within the Alps. It is known as a principality as it is a constitutional monarchy headed by a prince. Liechtenstein is divided into 11 municipalities. Much of its terrain is mountainous, making it a winter sports destination. Many cultivated fields and small farms characterize its landscape both in the south (Oberland, upper land) and in the north (Unterland, lower land). The country has a strong financial sector located in the capital, Vaduz, and has been identified as a tax haven. It is a member of the European Free Trade Association and part of the European Economic Area, the Schengen Area but not of the European Union.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg (i/ˈlʌksəmbɜrɡ/ LUKS-əm-burg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg, French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg, Dutch: Groothertogdom Luxemburg), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland ("good country") in the south. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi). A representative democracy with a constitutional monarch, it is ruled by a grand duke. It is now the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy. The country has a highly developed economy, with the world's highest GDP (nominal) per capita according to the IMF. Its historic and strategic importance dates back to its founding as a Roman era fortress site and Frankish count's castle site in the Early Middle Ages. It was an important bastion along the Spanish Road when Spain was the principal European power influencing the whole western hemisphere and beyond in the 16th–17th centuries.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
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Monaco
Monacoi/ˈmɒnəkoʊ/, officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu; Italian: Principato di Monaco; Occitan: Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city state, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Bordered by France on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea, its center is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy, and is only 15 km (9.3 mi) north east of Nice, France. It has an area of 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi), and a population of 35,986, making Monaco the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world. Monaco has a land border of only 4.4 km (2.7 mi), a coastline of 4.1 km (2.5 mi), and a width that varies between 1.7 km (1.1 mi) and 349 metres (382 yards). The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires district, which is 161 metres (528 feet) above sea level. Monaco's most populated Quartier is Monte Carlo, and the most populated Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins. After a recent expansion of Port Hercules, Monaco's total area is 2.05 km2 (0.79 sq mi), with new plans to extend the district of Fontvieille, with land reclaimed from the Mediterranean Sea.
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Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.
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Nasarawa, Kano State
Nasarawa is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the locality of Bompai, within the city of Kano.
It has an area of 34 km² and a population of 596,669 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 700.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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Nigeria
Nigeriai/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba.
In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims in the North and Christians in the South; a very small minority practice traditional religion. Since 2002 there have been a spate of clashes, particularly in the North of the country, between government forces and the Islamists Boko Haram, militant jihadists who seek to establish sharia law.
The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE. The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd millennium.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Oman
Oman (i/oʊˈmɑːn/ oh-MAAN; Arabic: عمان ʻUmān), officially called the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: سلطنة عُمان Salṭanat ʻUmān), is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam enclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.
For a period, Oman was a moderate regional power, formerly having a sultanate extending across the Strait of Hormuz to Iran, and modern day Pakistan, and far south to Zanzibar on the coat of south-east Africa. Over time, as its power declined, the sultanate came under heavy influence from the United Kingdom, though Oman was never formally part of the British Empire, or a British protectorate. The Omani royal family claim that Oman has been ruled by the Al Said dynasty since 1744, although without substantial proof. Oman has long-standing military and political ties with the United Kingdom and the United States, although it maintains an independent foreign policy.
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (PNG; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries on Earth. According to recent data, 841 different languages are listed for the country, although 11 of these have no known living speakers. . (A detailed series of language maps of Papua New Guinea may be found at Ethnologue) There may be at least as many traditional societies,out of a population of about 6.2 million. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18% of its people live in urban centres. The country is one of the world's least explored, culturally and geographically, and many undiscovered species of plants and animals are thought to exist in the interior of Papua New Guinea.
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Port Harcourt
Port Harcourt is the capital of Rivers State and a port town in southern Nigeria. It lies along the Bonny River (an eastern distributary of the Niger), 41 miles (66 km) upstream from the Gulf of Guinea. Founded in 1912 in an area traditionally inhabited by the Ikwerre people, an Igbo subgroup, it serves as a port, named for Lewis Harcourt - the colonial secretary. Port Harcourt has long been an important merchant port and is today the centre of Nigeria’s oil industry. Its exports include petroleum, coal, tin, palm products, cocoa, and groundnuts. Among the industries of the area are timber processing, car manufacturing, food and tobacco processing, and the manufacture of rubber, glass, metal, and paper products, cement, petroleum products, paint, enamelware, bicycles, furniture, and soap.
Port Harcourt was a site for World War I military operations against German Kamerun; it was once part of the Republic of Biafra which seceded from Nigeria and was dissolved in 1970. Commercial quantities of crude oil was discovered in Oloibiri in 1956 and Port Harcourt's economy turned to petroleum when the first shipment of Nigerian crude oil was exported through the city in 1958. Through the benefits of the Nigerian petroleum industry Port Harcourt was further developed with aspects of modernisation such as overpasses and city blocks. Oil firms that currently have offices in the city include Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron.
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Qatar
Qatar (i/ˈkɑːtɑr/ or i/kəˈtɑr/;Arabic: قطر [ˈqɑtˤɑr]; local vernacular pronunciation: [ɡɪtˤɑr]), also known as the country or State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island state of Bahrain.
Qatar has been ruled as an absolute monarchy by Al Thani family since the mid-19th century. Formerly a British protectorate noted mainly for pearling, it became independent in 1971, and has become one of the region's wealthiest states due to its enormous oil and natural gas revenues. In 1995, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani became Emir when he seized power from his father, Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, in a peaceful coup d'état. The most important positions in Qatar are held by the members of the Al Thani family, or close confidants of the al-Thani family. Beginning in 1992, Qatar has built intimate military ties with the United States, and is now the location of U.S. Central Command’s Forward Headquarters and the Combined Air Operations Center.
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Saint Lucia
Saint Luciai/seɪnt ˈluːʃə/ (French: Sainte-Lucie) is a sovereign island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 617 km2 (238.23 sq mi) and has a population of 174,000 (2010). Its capital is Castries. Two Nobel laureates, Arthur Lewis, an economist, and Derek Walcott, a poet and playwright, have come from the island. It is the nation with the second most such honorees per capita after the Faroe Islands.
One of the Windward Islands, it was named after Saint Lucy of Syracuse by the French, the first European colonizers. They signed a treaty with the native Carib people in 1660. England took control of the island from 1663 to 1667; in ensuing years, it was at war with France 14 times and rule of the island changed frequently (it was seven times each ruled by the French and British). In 1814, the British took definitive control of the island. Because it switched so often between British and French control, Saint Lucia was also known as the "Helen of the West Indies".
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/; Arabic: السعودية as-Su‘ūdīyah[citation needed] or incorrectly as-Sa‘ūdīyah, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Su‘ūdīyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab world, after Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan, and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Red Sea lies to its west, and the Persian Gulf lies to the east. Saudi Arabia has an area of approximately 2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 9 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 2 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud, referred to in Arabic as the Al Saud. The Saudi Arabian government, which has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, refers to its system of government as being Islamic, though this is contested by many due to its strong basis in Salafism, a minority school of thought in Islam. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
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Sokoto
Sokoto is a city located in the extreme northwest of Nigeria, near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2006 it has a population of 427,760. Sokoto is the modern day capital of Sokoto State (and its predecessor, the Northwestern State).
The name Sokoto (which is the modern/anglicised version of the local name, Sakkwato) is of Arabic origin, representing suk, 'market'. It is also known as Sakkwato, Birnin Shaihu da Bello or "Sokoto, Capital of Shaihu and Bello").
Being the seat of the Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims.
Sokoto is in the dry Sahel surrounded by sandy savannah and isolated hills.
With an annual average temperature of 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), Sokoto is one of the hottest cities in the world, however the maximum daytime temperatures are most of the year generally under 40 °C (104.0 °F), and the dryness makes the heat bearable. The warmest months are February to April, where daytime temperatures can exceed 45 °C (113.0 °F). Highest recorded temperature is 47.2 °C (117.0 °F), which is also the highest recorded temperature in Nigeria. The rainy season is from June to October, during which showers are a daily occurrence. The showers rarely last long and are a far cry from the regular torrential showers known in many tropical regions. From late October to February, during the 'cold season', the climate is dominated by the Harmattan wind blowing Sahara dust over the land. The dust dims the sunlight, thereby lowering temperatures significantly and also leading to the inconvenience of dust everywhere in the house.
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Sokoto Caliphate
The Sokoto Caliphate is an Islamic spiritual community in Nigeria, led by the Sultan of Sokoto, Sa’adu Abubakar. Founded during the Fulani Jihad in 1809 by Usuman dan Fodio, it was one of the most powerful empires in sub-Saharan Africa prior to European conquest and colonization. The caliphate remained extant through the colonial period and afterwards, though with reduced power.
The Fulani are traditionally a nomadic, pastoral community, herding cattle, goats and sheep, populating grasslands between the towns throughout West Africa. With increasing trade, a good number of Fulani also have settled in towns, forming a distinct minority.
The Fulani became mostly Muslims, as were the rulers of most of the states in the region the Fulani inhabit. The Islam of the rulers of these states was quite fragile, however, and they quickly reverted to the nationalistic animist religions when threatened. Over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Fulani began to launch scattered uprisings against rulers who were oppressing them. These established a number of small, and usually briefly lived, emirates in the west of the Sahel.
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Solomon Islands
Solomon Islandsi/ˈsɒləmən ˈaɪləndz/ is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of 28,400 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The nation of the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The Solomon Islands are believed to have been inhabited by Melanesian people for many thousands of years. Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to arrive in Solomon Islands in 1568 and named them Islas Salomón. The United Kingdom established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in 1893. In the Second World War there was fierce fighting between the Americans and the Japanese in the Solomon Islands campaign of 1942–45, including the Battle of Guadalcanal.
Self-government was achieved in 1976 and independence two years later. The Solomon Islands is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen of the Solomon Islands, at present Elizabeth II, as the head of state. Gordon Lilo Darcy is the eleventh and current Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Swaziland
Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique. The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.
Swaziland is a small country, no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west. The western half is mountainous, descending to a lowveld region to the east. The eastern border with Mozambique and South Africa is dominated by the escarpment of the Lebombo Mountains. The climate is temperate in the west, but may reach 40 °C (104 °F) in summer in the lowveld. Rainfall occurs mainly in the summer and may reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in the west.
The area that Swaziland now covers has been continuously inhabited since prehistory. Today, the population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati, though English is spoken as a second language. The Swazi people descend from the southern Bantu who migrated from Central Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Anglo-Boer War saw the United Kingdom make Swaziland a protectorate under its direct control. Swaziland gained independence in 1968. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community, the African Union, and the Commonwealth of Nations. The head of state is the king, who appoints the prime minister and a small number of representatives for both chambers of parliament. Elections are held every five years to determine the majority of the representatives. A new constitution was adopted in 2005.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Swiss
Switzerland (German: die Schweiz[ˈʃvaɪts]; French: Suisse [sɥis(ə)]; Italian: Svizzera [ˈzvit͡sːɛra]; Romansh: Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ]), in its full name the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western Europe, where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found. Among them are the two global cities and economic centres of Zurich and Geneva.
The Swiss Confederation has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. It pursues, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. Switzerland is also the birthplace of the Red Cross and home to a large number of international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association and is part of the Schengen Area – although it is notably not a member of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area.
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Tarauni
Tarauni is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the locality of Ungwa Uku within the city of Kano.
It has an area of 28 km² and a population of 221,367 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 700.
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Thailand
Thailand ( /ˈtaɪlænd/ TY-land or /ˈtaɪlənd/;Thai: ประเทศไทย, RTGS: Prathet Thai), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย, RTGS: Ratcha Anachak Thai; IPA: [râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj] (
listen)), formerly known as Siam (Thai: สยาม; RTGS: Sayam), is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
The country is a constitutional monarchy, headed by King Rama IX, the ninth king of the House of Chakri, who, having reigned since 1946, is the world's longest-serving head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. The king of Thailand is titled Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, the Upholder of the Buddhist religion, and the Defender of all Faiths.
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The Bahamas
The Bahamasi/bəˈhɑːməz/, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is a country consisting of more than 3,000 islands, cays, and islets. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States (nearest to the state of Florida). Its land area is 13,939 km2 (5,382 sq mi), with a population of 353,658. Its capital is Nassau. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands; the designation of Bahamas refers normally to the Commonwealth and not the geographic chain.
Originally inhabited by the Lucayans, a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taino people, the Bahamas were the site of Columbus' first landfall in the New World in 1492. Although the Spanish never colonized the Bahamas, they shipped the native Lucayans to slavery in Hispaniola. The islands were mostly deserted from 1513 to 1648, when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera.
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Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Tongan: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a sovereign state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of ocean in the South Pacific. Fifty-two of the islands are inhabited.
The Kingdom stretches over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 mi) in a north-south line located at about a third of the distance from New Zealand to Hawaii.
Tonga also became known as the Friendly Islands because of the friendly reception accorded to Captain James Cook on his first visit there in 1773. He happened to arrive at the time of the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation of the first fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga, the islands' paramount chief, and received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, in reality the chiefs had wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but could not agree on a plan.
Tonga is also the only island nation in the region to have avoided formal colonisation. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive step towards becoming a fully functioning constitutional monarchy after legislative reforms paved the way for its first ever fully representative elections which resulted in the election of Noble Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō as its first democratically elected Prime Minister.
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Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls spread out from 6° to 10° south. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. Its population of 10,544 makes it the third-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City and Nauru having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at 0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi), Monaco at 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi) and Nauru at 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi).
The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesian people. In 1568 Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña sailed through the islands and is understood to have sighted Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay (1812–1876). The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, when the Ellice Islands were declared a British protectorate by Captain Gibson, R. N. of HMS Curaçao between 9th and 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and later as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974.
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Ungogo
Ungogo is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the locality of Ungogo to the north of the city of Kano.
It has an area of 204 km² and a population of 369,657 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 700.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emiratesi/juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌærəb ˈɛmɪrɨts/ (Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyah al Muttaḥidah), sometimes simply called the Emirates or the UAE, is a country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing sea borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
The UAE is a federation of seven emirates (equivalent to principalities), each governed by a hereditary emir, with a single national president. The constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. The capital is Abu Dhabi, which is also the state's center of political, industrial, and cultural activities.
Prior to independence in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference to a 19th-century truce between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers of the territories, and the United Kingdom. The term Pirate Coast was also used by some to refer to the emirates from the 18th to the early 20th century, owing to the preponderance of pirates operating from Emirati ports.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Vatican City
Vatican Cityi/ˈvætɨkən ˈsɪti/, or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano (pronounced [ˈstaːto della t͡ʃitˈta del vatiˈkaːno]), is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of just over 800. This makes Vatican City the smallest independent state in the world by both area and population.
Vatican City State was established in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty, signed by Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and by Prime Minister and Head of Government Benito Mussolini on behalf of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. Vatican City State is distinct from the Holy See, which dates back to early Christianity and is the main episcopal see of 1.2 billion Latin and Eastern Catholic adherents around the globe. Ordinances of Vatican City are published in Italian; official documents of the Holy See are issued mainly in Latin. The two entities have distinct passports: the Holy See, not being a country, issues only diplomatic and service passports, whereas Vatican City State issues normal passports. In each case very few passports are issued.
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Abubakar Rimi
Alhaji Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi (1940 – 4 April 2010) was a Nigerian politician, who was the governor of Kano State during the Nigerian Second Republic. He died following an attack by armed robbers.
Alhaji Abubakar Rimi was born in 1940 in Rimi Village of Sumaila Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. In the early 1960s he attended an instructor's course at the institute of Administration in Zaria. He obtained a General Certificate of education from the University of London. In 1972, he completed a diploma in international affairs at the London institute of World Affairs, and later obtained a Masters Degree in International Relations. He served as an instructor at the Clerical Training Center in Sokoto, and later became an Administrative Secretary at the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
Rimi was co-founder in 1964 with the late Mallam Aminu Kano and other progressives of the Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU), which later became the People's Redemption Party (PRP). He was a member of the Constituent Assembly (1977–1978). In December 1978 he was elected the PRP's Deputy National secretary at the party's first national convention in Lagos. He was a PRP candidate in the 1979 General elections. Abubakar Rimi was elected to the governorship of the old Kano State as candidate for the PRP in the Nigerian Second Republic, a post he occupied from October 1979 – May 1983.
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Ado Bayero
Sir Alhaji Dr. Ado Bayero (CFR, LLD, JP) (born July 25, 1930) is the current Emir of Kano in Nigeria, having held the position since 1963, and is also a former ambassador to Senegal. He is the son of the late Abdullahi Bayero dan Muhammad Abbas, himself an Emir of Kano. Bayero is the 13th Fulani emir since the Fulani War of Usman dan Fodio, when the Fulani took over the city-states of Hausa.
Second to his political influence in Nigeria, the current Emir of Kano is also renowned for his abundant wealth. Bayero maintains his massive fortune as both a stock investor and a large scale agricultural entrepreneur, with his financial influence extending beyond the shores of his home country.
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Alhassan Dantata
Alhassan Dantata (1877- August 17, 1955) was a northern Nigerian kola nut trader and the wealthiest man in West Africa at the time of his death.
Dantata's father was Abdullahi, a man from the village of Danshayi, near Kano. Dantata was born in Bebeji in 1877, one of several children of Abdullahi and his wife, both of whom were traders and caravan leaders. His father died in Bebeji, and his mother moved to Gonja, now in northern Ghana.
Dantata remained in Bebeji in the care of a slave woman named Tata (this is the root of the name "Dantata", which means "son of Tata"), and attended madrasah (Qur'anic school). Dantata moved to Gonja during the Kano civil war at the verge of British colonial rule., He was around age fifteen when they moved to Ghana where he studied and engaged in kola nut business at Accra.
Dantata later returned to Bebeji, and began using steamships to transport kola nuts between Accra and Lagos. He later diversified his trade into items such as beads and necklaces, and bought a house in the Koki ward of Kano. He married Umma Zaria, and she conducted business for him with women (him not doing it for religious reasons). In 1918, the UK-based Royal Niger Company searched for an agent to purchase groundnuts for them, and Dantata responded to their offer.
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Aminu Kano
Aminu Kano (1920—April 17, 1983) was a Muslim politician from Nigeria. In the 1940s he led an Islamic movement in the north of the country in opposition to British rule. The Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport and the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, both in Kano, Kano State, are named after him.
Aminu Kano was born to the family of an Islamic scholar, Mallam Yusuf of the scholarly Gyanawa fulani clan, who was a mufti at the Alkali court in Kano. He attended Katsina College and later went to the University of London's, Institute of Education, alongside Tafawa Balewa. He earned his teaching certificate after completing his studies at Katsina College and subsequently became a teacher; he started teaching at the Bauchi training College.
While in Bauchi, he spoke freely on political issues and extended his educational horizon by engaging in some various political and educational activities beyond his formal teaching duties. He wrote a pamphlet, 'Kano, Under the Hammer of the Native Administration, and along with Balewa, was a member of the Bauchi General Improvement Union. He was also a secretary of the Bauchi Discussion Circle, a group whose activities were later constricted as a result of an attack on indirect rule by Aminu Kano. In 1948, he became the head of the teacher training center in Maru, Sokoto and was also the secretary of the Northern Teachers Association.
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Audu Bako
Police Commissioner (retired) Audu Bako (born 1924) was the first Administrator of Kano State, Nigeria during the military regime of General Yakubu Gowon after the state was formed from part of Northern Region. He was widely respected for his moral integrity and for the tangible achievements of his administration.
Audo Bako was born in 1924 at the Kaduna police barracks. His father had served in the police force for 36 years and was chief of the Sabon Gari (non-Hausa people) in Kaduna. He was educated to the Kaduna Government School and the Zaria Middle School. Bako joined the police force in 1942, became an instructor in police law at the Kaduna Police College, and then was appointed deputy commissioner of police in charge of all Native Authority police in the former Northern Region.
Appointed military governor of the old Kano State in May 1967, Bako undertook reforms of the local governments which had been dominated by the traditional emirs. He sought to improve professionalism among local government employees while transferring some responsibilities to the State government. He said the reforms would strengthen the position of the Emirs in their traditional role as religious leaders.
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Fula people
Fula people or Fulani or Fulbe (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulan; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw) are an ethnic group spread over many countries, predominantly in West Africa, but found also in Central Africa and Sudanese North Africa. African countries where they are present include Mauritania, Ghana, Senegal, Guinea, The Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Chad, Togo, the Central African Republic, Liberia, and as far as Sudan and Egypt in the East. Fula people form a minority in every country they inhabit, but in Guinea they represent a plurality of the population (40%).
There are also many names (and spellings of the names) used in other languages to refer to the Fulɓe. Fulani in English is borrowed from the Hausa term, and it is also used by the Manding peoples, being the diminutive form of the word "Fula" in their language, essentially meaning "little Fula". Fula, from Manding languages, is also used in English, and sometimes spelled Fulah or Foulah. Fula and Fulani are commonly used in English, including within Africa. The French borrowed the Wolof term Pël, which is variously spelled: Peul, Peulh, and even Peuhl. More recently the Fulfulde / Pulaar term Fulɓe, which is a plural noun (singular, Pullo) has been Anglicised as Fulbe, which some people use. In Portuguese, the terms Fula or Futafula are used.
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Hausa people
The Hausa are one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa. They are a Sahelian people chiefly located in northern Nigeria or southeastern Niger, but having significant numbers living in regions of Cameroon, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Chad or Sudan. Predominantly Hausa communities are scattered throughout West Africa and on the traditional Hajj route across the Sahara Desert, especially around the town of Agadez. A few Hausa have moved to large coastal cities in the region such as Lagos, Accra, Kumasi and Cotonou, as well as to countries such as Libya. However, most Hausa remain in small villages or towns, where they grow crops or raise livestock, including cattle. They speak the Hausa language, an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic group.
Kano, north Nigeria is considered the center of Ausahay trade or culture. In terms of cultural relations to other peoples of West Africa, the Hausa are culturally or historically close to the Fulani, Zarma, Kanuri and Gwari groups inhabiting the expansive Sahel region. Many Hausa have intermixed with other groups such as the Yoruba, Dagomba or Shuwa. Islamic Shari’a law is loosely the law of the land or is understood by any full time practitioner of Islam, known in Hausa as a Ma'allam (see Maulana).
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Ibrahim Gambari
Ibrahim Agboola Gambari, CFR (born on November 24, 1944 in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria) is a Nigerian scholar and diplomat. He was Minister for External Affairs between 1984 and 1985. Gambari has been appointed by the Secretary-General of United Nations Ban Ki-moon and the Chairperson of the African Union Commission as Joint African Union-United Nations Special Representative for Darfur effective from 1 January 2010. He is currently the Special Adviser on the International Compact with Iraq and Other Issues for the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Previously, he served as the Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations (USG) for the Department of Political Affairs (DPA). He was appointed on June 10, 2005 and assumed the post on July 1 of that year.
Gambari attended King's College, Lagos.
Gambari began his teaching career in 1969 at City University of New York before working at University of Albany. Later, he taught at Ahmadu Bello University, in Zaria, Kaduna State, the second largest university in Africa. From 1986-1989, he was Visiting Professor at three universities in Washington, D.C.: Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, Georgetown University and Howard University. He has also been a Research Fellow at the Brookings Institution also in Washington D.C. and a Resident Scholar at the Bellagio Study and Conference Center, the Rockefeller Foundation-run center in Italy. He was accorded, honoris causa, the title of Doctor of Humane Letters (D.Hum.Litt.) from the University of Bridgeport. He is a member of the Johns Hopkins University's Society of Scholars. He was decorated with the title of Commander of the Federal Republic (CFR) by the Government of Nigeria.
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Joseph Ki-Zerbo
Joseph Ki-Zerbo (June 21, 1922 – December 4, 2006, Burkina Faso) was a Burkinabé politician and writer. He spent his youth in Toma where he grew up in a rural context inside a big family. Ki-Zerbo himself declared that his first 11 years passed in a rural context marked his personality and thoughts. He was recognized as one of Africa’s foremost thinkers. He was educated both in his home country in missionary schools at Toma, and Pabre (around 20 miles from the capital). Also, he studied at Faladie in Mali and after at Sorbonne University, which is one of the most prestigious schools in France. After getting his aggregation degree in History, he returned to Africa. Once back, he became politically active. From 1972 to 1978 he was Professor of African History at the University of Ouagadougou. But in 1983, he was forced into exile, only being able to return in 1992.
Ki-Zerbo founded his own party, the Party for Democracy and Progress/Socialist Party, which he was chairman until 2005 and represented in the Burkina Faso parliament until 2006. Ki-Zerbo was also the best known opponent of the revolutionary government of the President Thomas Sankara. Ki-Zerbo was socialist and an exponent of an independent development of Africa and of Unity of the continent.
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King of Kano
The following is a list of rulers of Kano, a city and emirate in northern Nigeria. Once the Hausa Kingdom of Kano, it was conquered by Fulani Usman dan Fodio in 1805, who installed a Fulani Emir of Kano in place of the old kings.
Has Kano been under Borno Vassalage? Ask Dr Bala Usman.
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Kumbari dan Sharefa
Kumbari dan Sharefa (reigned 1731–1743) was a Hausa King (Sarkin) of Kano. He succeeded Mohammed Sharef and is remembered for his high taxation on the Kurmi Market.
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Muhammad Rumfa
Muhammad Rumfa was Emir of the Hausa city-state Kano, located in modern-day Kano State, northern Nigeria. He reigned from 1463 until 1499. Among Rumfa's accomplishments were extending the city walls, building a large palace, the Gidan Rumfa, promoting slaves to governmental positions and establishing the Kurmi Market. He was also responsible for much of the Islamization of Kano, as he urged prominent residents to convert.
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Usman dan Fodio
Shaihu Usman dan Fodio (Arabic: عثمان بن فودي ، عثمان دان فوديو), born Usuman ɓii Foduye, (also referred to as Shaikh Usman Ibn Fodio, Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye, or Shehu Usman dan Fodio, 1754–1817) was the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809, a religious teacher, writer and Islamic promoter. Dan Fodio was one of a class of urbanized ethnic Fulani living in the Hausa States in what is today northern Nigeria. A teacher of the Maliki school of law and the Qadiriyyah order of Sufism, he lived in the city-state of Gobir until 1802 when, motivated by his reformist ideas and under increased repression by local authorities, he led his followers into exile. This exile began a political and social revolution which spread from Gobir throughout modern Nigeria and Cameroon, and was echoed in an ethnicly Fula-led Jihad movement across West Africa. Dan Fodio declined much of the pomp of rulership, and while developing contacts with religious reformists and Jihad leaders across Africa, he soon passed actual leadership of the Sokoto state to his son, Muhammed Bello.
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Walter Mittelholzer
Walter Mittelholzer (April 2, 1894 in St. Gallen – May 9, 1937 in Styria) was a Swiss aviation pioneer. He was active as a pilot, photographer, travel writer, and also as one of the first aviation entrepreneurs.
Mittelholzer earned his private pilot's license in 1917, and in 1918 he completed his instruction as a military pilot.
On November 5, 1919 he co-founded an air-photo and passenger flight business, Comte, Mittelholzer, and Co. In 1920 this firm merged with the financially stronger Ad Astra Aero. Mittelholzer was the director and head pilot of Ad Astra Aero which later became Swissair.
He made the first North-South flight across Africa. It took him 77 days. Mittelholzer started in Zürich on December 7, 1926, flying via Alexandria and landing in Cape Town on February 21, 1927. Earlier, he had been the first to do serious aerial reconnaissance of Spitsbergen, in a Junkers monoplane, in 1923. On December 15, 1929 he became the first person to fly over Mt. Kilimanjaro, and planned to fly over Mount Everest in 1930. In 1931, Mittelholzer was appointed technical director of the new airline called Swissair, formed from the merger of Ad Astra Aero and Balair. Throughout his life he published many books of aerial photographs. He died in 1937 in a climbing accident on an expedition in the Hochschwab massive in Styria, Austria.
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- All + All Together
- Another Life
- Bad Boy
- DON'T COME AROUND HERE
- Early To Bed
- Feel Free
- Get Wild
- Hustler
- Mad In Love
- Ms. Whats Her Name
- Party
- Queen Of Witches
- Remember Me
- Rock N Rolla
- Sleep Tight
- Upside
- 2 Left: Topic Of Discussion
- Baby Not Tonight
- Blue Sky: Blood My In Is Music
- Can't Hold Back
- Cooked Breaky: Fly Together
- Don't Try To Stop Me
- Dona Nobis Pacem
- Fightin' The Nation
- Freestyle
- Home Sweet Home
- I Need Love
- Lady Killer
- Lethal Weapon: Quickie
- London Town
- Nite Nite
- Old Skool
- Over Over
- Paper
- Reload It
- Slaves
- So Sure
- Spaceship
- This Is My Life (thin Line)
- Typical Me
- Sometimes
- Signs In Life
- Pýs and Qýs
- Nobody Don't Dance No More
- Mic Check
- How We Livin'
- Ghetto Kid
- Don't Know Why
- Brown Eyes
- Boys Love Girls
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- 2 Left: Topic of Discussion
- Get Wild (feat. Aidonia & Wiley)
- iPod Generation
- Maad
- Spaceship
- Upside (feat. Michelle Breeze)
- All + All Together (feat. Hot Chip)
- Lady Killer (feat. Ghetts)
- Bassment
- Crazy
- Slaves (feat. Why Why Peaches)
- Jenga (feat. Vybz Kartel)
- Dark Days
- Intro
- You Are Young
- Track Burglar
- Pass Out (KA Freestyle)
- Game Over
- Rude Boy
- Chip Roll, Sausage in Batter
- Back Home
- Kinda Like a Big Deal (KA Freestyle)
- Kano in the House (Pon De Floor)
- Pursuit of Happiness
- 140 Grime St
- Hustler
- Paper
- Hunting We Will Go
- These MC's
- We Gangsta
- Anywhere We Go
- Missing Me
- Seems Like Things Have Changed
- Don't Come Around Here
- I Stand by It
- Soldier
- I Like It
- Off Licence
- Too Advanced
- Aim for the Sky
- My Name Is... KANO
- Old Skool
- Duffle Bag Freestyle
- Cant Take My Thrown
- Hurt
- Hustler
- Dun Know the Myspace
- So Good
- The Way I Are Freestyle
- It's Me N Word
- Money in the Bank Freestyle
- I Get Money Freestyle
- Stronger
- Dead Presidents Freestyle
- Sexual Eruption
- The Product
- London Town
- Buss It Up (feat. Vybz Kartel)
- Bad Boy
- Fightin' the Nation
- Feel Free
- Sleep Tight
- This Is the Girl
- Me & My Microphone
- Over & Over
- This Is My Life (Thin Line) / Grime MC
- Intro
- I Write Bars Till the Milk Man Comes
- Is This Grimey Enough?
- Fuckin' With the Team
- The Come Up
- P.S.A. Freestyle
- Kids Wiv Gunz
- Millenium Thugs
- I Feel Like
- Anger Managment (KA version)
- Buss It Up
- Imagine
- Layer Cake
- Mr Me Too
- Be Real
- Get a Life
- Outro
- Home Sweet Home
- Ghetto Kid
- P's & Q's
- Reload It
- Typical Me
- Mic Check
- Sometimes
- 9 to 5
- Nite Nite
- Brown Eyes
- Remember Me
- I Don't Know Why
- How We Livin'
- Nobody Don't Dance No More
- Signs in Life
- Boys Love Girls
- Can't Hold Back (Your Loving)
- She's a Star
- Baby Not Tonight
- Party
- Round and Round
- Don't Try to Stop Me
- Fuck Intros
- Mic Check
- Mic Check (remix)
- Over
- Dear Summer
- You Know Me Already
- Watcher
- I'm Back
- Backin' My Boy
- Round 1
- 48 Bars
- Good 4 Me
- Take a Look
- Jamrock
- Get Set
- Where I'm From
- Money on My Mind
- Westwood
- Nothing Long
- D Clarke
- Act Like
- How We Move
- All City Show (Freestyle)
- Clap Your Hands
- Ain't the Same
- No, No, No
- Pull Up Da Riddim
- I Don't Give a Fuck
- What's My Name
- I'm Ready
- Super Extra Sexy Sign
- Baby Not Tonight
- It's a War
- Now Baby Now
- Ahjia
- Another Life
- Can't Hold Back (Your Loving)
- Ikeya Seki
- Queen of Witches (special extended version)
- I Need Love (special extended version)
- Cosmic Voyager
- I'm Ready
- Super Extra Sexy Sign
- Baby Not Tonight
- It's a War
- Now Baby Now
- Ahjia
- Another Life
- Can't Hold Back
- Ikeya Seki
- Queen of Witches
- I Need Love
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Kano - P's and Q's (Official Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Debut music video from Kano, taken from the Home Sweet Home album
http://wn.com/Kano_P's_and_Q's_Official_Music_Video
Debut music video from Kano, taken from the Home Sweet Home album
Kano & Mikey J - "ET" ft. Wiley, Wretch 32 x Scorcher (Official Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:35
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
DOWNLOAD "ET" FREE from listn.to and MikeyJ.net. SoulCulture are proud to bring you the official video for the third installment of Mikey J and Kano's Not 4 The A List weekly multimedia series. The third track from the increasingly popular series of free music releases from the producer and revered MC is the explosive "ET" which features the chart topping Wretch 32, Grime Godfather Wiley and the skywalking Scorcher. The final version of the track just received its receive first play on BBC Radio One via Tim Westwood and the official video, which was directed by Kalvador Peterson and Patrick Odur and produced by Versetti for SoulCulture Media, can be viewed below.
http://wn.com/Kano_Mikey_J_ET_ft_Wiley,_Wretch_32_x_Scorcher_Official_Music_Video
DOWNLOAD "ET" FREE from listn.to and MikeyJ.net. SoulCulture are proud to bring you the official video for the third installment of Mikey J and Kano's Not 4 The A List weekly multimedia series. The third track from the increasingly popular series of free music releases from the producer and revered MC is the explosive "ET" which features the chart topping Wretch 32, Grime Godfather Wiley and the skywalking Scorcher. The final version of the track just received its receive first play on BBC Radio One via Tim Westwood and the official video, which was directed by Kalvador Peterson and Patrick Odur and produced by Versetti for SoulCulture Media, can be viewed below.
- published: 25 Sep 2011
- views: 831005
- author: SoulCultureMedia
SB.TV - Kano & Mikey J feat. Maxsta - Alien [Music Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
After kicking the door off the bloody hinges last week with the first installment of their Not 4 The A List free download series in the form of the riot inciting "Random Antics", Mikey J and Kano return for week two... and they have brought a friend along!! Joining forces with Maxsta one of the most promising young MCs in the game right now, KA and Young Mad Max run rampant over the Mikey J produced track. The track was premiered on on DJ Target's 1xtra show at 7pm GMT and it is available to download for free from Kano's Facebook (www.facebook.com and Mikeyj.net http www.sbtv.co.uk http www.twitter.com Directed & Edited by Morgan Keyz Visual FX by Jeaniq Amihyia & Morgan Keyz
http://wn.com/SBTV_Kano_Mikey_J_feat_Maxsta_Alien_Music_Video_
After kicking the door off the bloody hinges last week with the first installment of their Not 4 The A List free download series in the form of the riot inciting "Random Antics", Mikey J and Kano return for week two... and they have brought a friend along!! Joining forces with Maxsta one of the most promising young MCs in the game right now, KA and Young Mad Max run rampant over the Mikey J produced track. The track was premiered on on DJ Target's 1xtra show at 7pm GMT and it is available to download for free from Kano's Facebook (www.facebook.com and Mikeyj.net http www.sbtv.co.uk http www.twitter.com Directed & Edited by Morgan Keyz Visual FX by Jeaniq Amihyia & Morgan Keyz
- published: 19 Sep 2011
- views: 229751
- author: smokeybarz
Scorcher - It's All Love Official Remix ft Kano, Bashy Wretch32 and Talay Riley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:07
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
AVAILABLE NOW ON ITUNES itunes.apple.com Skywalker available at scorcherslife.bigcartel.com Follow on TWITTER twitter.com Follow on INSTAGRAM ScorchersLife Join on FACEBOOK www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Scorcher_It's_All_Love_Official_Remix_ft_Kano,_Bashy_Wretch32_and_Talay_Riley
AVAILABLE NOW ON ITUNES itunes.apple.com Skywalker available at scorcherslife.bigcartel.com Follow on TWITTER twitter.com Follow on INSTAGRAM ScorchersLife Join on FACEBOOK www.facebook.com
- published: 28 May 2012
- views: 345959
- author: ScorcherSkywalker
Sway ft Kano - Still Speedin' [Remix] - OUT NOW!!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Sway - Still Speedin' (Digital Single) | OUT NOW!!! | bit.ly Sway drops the first official remix to his smash street single 'Still Speedin'' featuring one of the UK's finest MC's Kano
http://wn.com/Sway_ft_Kano_Still_Speedin'_Remix_OUT_NOW!!!!
Sway - Still Speedin' (Digital Single) | OUT NOW!!! | bit.ly Sway drops the first official remix to his smash street single 'Still Speedin'' featuring one of the UK's finest MC's Kano
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 716617
- author: DcyphaTV
Mele x Kano x Ghetts - Beamer (RMX) | The Co-Sign
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Welcome to the latest episode of SoulCulture TV's ongoing series: The Co-Sign, where we team up exciting musical talents for exclusive collaborations. For the latest installment, we hooked up with 19 year old DJ and production wonderkid Melé and one of London's finest's lyricists, Kano, at the Red Bull Studios London (www.redbull.co.uk to create a special live version of Mele's new single "Beamer" -- adding some napalm to the mixture with a special guest verse from Grime's hardest working rhyme mercenary aka the emcee formerly known as Ghetto, Ghetts. Directed By: Darryl Daniel
http://wn.com/Mele_x_Kano_x_Ghetts_Beamer_RMX_|_The_Co-Sign
Welcome to the latest episode of SoulCulture TV's ongoing series: The Co-Sign, where we team up exciting musical talents for exclusive collaborations. For the latest installment, we hooked up with 19 year old DJ and production wonderkid Melé and one of London's finest's lyricists, Kano, at the Red Bull Studios London (www.redbull.co.uk to create a special live version of Mele's new single "Beamer" -- adding some napalm to the mixture with a special guest verse from Grime's hardest working rhyme mercenary aka the emcee formerly known as Ghetto, Ghetts. Directed By: Darryl Daniel
- published: 26 Jul 2012
- views: 35270
- author: SoulCultureMedia
Top Boy Special - Kano + Asher D + Sway + Scorcher | Prose N Percussion Ep 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Ladies and gentlemen, SoulCulture TV is proud to present the first episode of our exciting new series Prose N Percussion. Joining forces with the EXTREMELY talented drummer extraordinaire Pauli The PSM, the concept is simple fresh verses and a dope drum beat = Prose N Percussion. Simples! We kick off episode one with a major special... Channel 4 kicked off the smash hit gritty urban drama series Top Boy on monday which stars Ashley Walters aka Asher D, Kane Robinson aka Kano and Scorcher alongside guest appearances from Sway and more. So we got Kano + Asher D + Sway + Scorcher together at the incredible Red Bull Studios London to trade bars back to back for your viewing pleasure. You ready? Lets go!! Filmed by Versetti, Patrick Odur & Dougie Mackie at Red Bull Studios London (www.redbullstudios.com) Edited By Patrick Odur for Trail Pictures Directed By Versetti Musical Director The PSM
http://wn.com/Top_Boy_Special_Kano_+_Asher_D_+_Sway_+_Scorcher_|_Prose_N_Percussion_Ep_1
Ladies and gentlemen, SoulCulture TV is proud to present the first episode of our exciting new series Prose N Percussion. Joining forces with the EXTREMELY talented drummer extraordinaire Pauli The PSM, the concept is simple fresh verses and a dope drum beat = Prose N Percussion. Simples! We kick off episode one with a major special... Channel 4 kicked off the smash hit gritty urban drama series Top Boy on monday which stars Ashley Walters aka Asher D, Kane Robinson aka Kano and Scorcher alongside guest appearances from Sway and more. So we got Kano + Asher D + Sway + Scorcher together at the incredible Red Bull Studios London to trade bars back to back for your viewing pleasure. You ready? Lets go!! Filmed by Versetti, Patrick Odur & Dougie Mackie at Red Bull Studios London (www.redbullstudios.com) Edited By Patrick Odur for Trail Pictures Directed By Versetti Musical Director The PSM
- published: 01 Nov 2011
- views: 169318
- author: SoulCultureMedia
Kano - This Is The Girl ft Craig David (Official Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
'This Is The Girl' is the first single to be released from Kano's second album 'London Town'. 'This is the Girl' will be out August 20th, 'London Town' will be out September 3rd.
http://wn.com/Kano_This_Is_The_Girl_ft_Craig_David_Official_Music_Video
'This Is The Girl' is the first single to be released from Kano's second album 'London Town'. 'This is the Girl' will be out August 20th, 'London Town' will be out September 3rd.
- published: 17 Jul 2007
- views: 1122312
- author: kano
Ghostpoet ft Kano - Cash And Carry Me Home (Remix) | Studio Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Ghostpoet and Kano met for the first time at the Red Bull Studios in London and SoulCulture.TV was on hand to capture the studio session for these two lyrical heavyweights who have both received praise from the likes of Mike Skinner aka The Streets (who recently named Ghostpoet as one of his favourite lyricists) and Jay-Z (who named Kano as the most lyrical MC from the UK). Kano stepped into the booth and laid down a verse for the remix of Ghostpoet's single "Cash And Carry Me Home" which was originally featured on his debut album Peanut Butter Blues & Melancholy Jam.
http://wn.com/Ghostpoet_ft_Kano_Cash_And_Carry_Me_Home_Remix_|_Studio_Video
Ghostpoet and Kano met for the first time at the Red Bull Studios in London and SoulCulture.TV was on hand to capture the studio session for these two lyrical heavyweights who have both received praise from the likes of Mike Skinner aka The Streets (who recently named Ghostpoet as one of his favourite lyricists) and Jay-Z (who named Kano as the most lyrical MC from the UK). Kano stepped into the booth and laid down a verse for the remix of Ghostpoet's single "Cash And Carry Me Home" which was originally featured on his debut album Peanut Butter Blues & Melancholy Jam.
- published: 07 Mar 2011
- views: 381715
- author: SoulCultureMedia
Ghetts Ft. Scorcher, Kano & Wretch 32 - On A Level [Remix] (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Ghetts - On A Level Remix Ft. Scorcher, Kano & Wretch 32 AVAILABLE ON ITUNES NOW!!! bit.ly Directed by Carly Cussen © Collective Records/ Ghetts It In Gang collective-records.co.uk @CollectiveR/ @TheRealGhetts
http://wn.com/Ghetts_Ft_Scorcher,_Kano_Wretch_32_On_A_Level_Remix_Official_Video
Ghetts - On A Level Remix Ft. Scorcher, Kano & Wretch 32 AVAILABLE ON ITUNES NOW!!! bit.ly Directed by Carly Cussen © Collective Records/ Ghetts It In Gang collective-records.co.uk @CollectiveR/ @TheRealGhetts
- published: 11 Dec 2011
- views: 682185
- author: TheRealGhettsTV
Kano - London Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
London Town, Track 02
http://wn.com/Kano_London_Town
London Town, Track 02
- published: 07 Jul 2008
- views: 654485
- author: UkGrimeChannel
Kano Vs Wiley (Lord Of The Mics)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:17
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Freestyle Battle
http://wn.com/Kano_Vs_Wiley_Lord_Of_The_Mics
Freestyle Battle
- published: 18 Feb 2006
- views: 1564185
- author: ryanbroadley1
Kano - Layer Cake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
www.mappfia.com
http://wn.com/Kano_Layer_Cake
www.mappfia.com
- published: 18 May 2007
- views: 577406
- author: messibouti99
![Bashy Presents...The Vault - EP: 10 - Bashy & Kano in Ethiopia [Africa Express]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121208081947im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Zi0Kl5cowKU/default.jpg "Bashy Presents...The Vault - EP: 10 - Bashy & Kano in Ethiopia [Africa Express]")
Bashy Presents...The Vault - EP: 10 - Bashy & Kano in Ethiopia [Africa Express]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:04
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
The Vault is a Brand new Series: It's a fly on the wall insight to life behind the music & films. Bashy is sharing personal "never seen before" footage he has collected during his journey, straight from his personal camera. Showing life, friendships & encounters The Vault captures the raw essence of the entertainment world. Feb 2010 - Bashy and Kano visit the Beautiful Ethiopia with Africa Express. Follow their journey through the capital city Addis Ababa & Harar as they visit the world famous Hyena Man. Bashy also takes a personal journey to Haile Selassie's Palace. Look out for cameos from Damon Albarn, Flea from Red Hot Chilli Peppers, Nick Zinner from the Yeah Yeah Yeah & XL Recording's Boss Richard Russell.
http://wn.com/Bashy_PresentsThe_Vault_EP_10_Bashy_Kano_in_Ethiopia_Africa_Express_
The Vault is a Brand new Series: It's a fly on the wall insight to life behind the music & films. Bashy is sharing personal "never seen before" footage he has collected during his journey, straight from his personal camera. Showing life, friendships & encounters The Vault captures the raw essence of the entertainment world. Feb 2010 - Bashy and Kano visit the Beautiful Ethiopia with Africa Express. Follow their journey through the capital city Addis Ababa & Harar as they visit the world famous Hyena Man. Bashy also takes a personal journey to Haile Selassie's Palace. Look out for cameos from Damon Albarn, Flea from Red Hot Chilli Peppers, Nick Zinner from the Yeah Yeah Yeah & XL Recording's Boss Richard Russell.
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 1966
- author: BASHYTV
Earthquake (Remix) ft. Kano, Wretch 32, Tinie tempah, Busta Ryhmes - Labrinth
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
mixtapes-od.blogspot.com http
http://wn.com/Earthquake_Remix_ft_Kano,_Wretch_32,_Tinie_tempah,_Busta_Ryhmes_Labrinth
mixtapes-od.blogspot.com http
- published: 08 Mar 2012
- views: 281626
- author: ebaNbanku89
Kano - Jack Bauer 2.4 - The Motto (Freestyle)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Kano_Jack_Bauer_24_The_Motto_Freestyle
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 127
- author: LGBeatsProductions
Wretch 32 - Alter Ego ft. Mercston & Kano (Produced by Wizzy Wow)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
This song is taken from Wretch's forthcoming mixtape 'Wretchercise' which is available for free download now. Soundcloud: snd.sc Sendspace: tinyurl.com Recorded on tour alongside Mercston & Kano and produced by Wizzy Wow. Enjoy Buy the album 'Black And White': bit.ly www.wretch32.com http www.twitter.com soundcloud.com instagram.com google.com
http://wn.com/Wretch_32_Alter_Ego_ft_Mercston_Kano_Produced_by_Wizzy_Wow
This song is taken from Wretch's forthcoming mixtape 'Wretchercise' which is available for free download now. Soundcloud: snd.sc Sendspace: tinyurl.com Recorded on tour alongside Mercston & Kano and produced by Wizzy Wow. Enjoy Buy the album 'Black And White': bit.ly www.wretch32.com http www.twitter.com soundcloud.com instagram.com google.com
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 6915
- author: Wretch32TV
Westwood - Kano freestyle 1Xtra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Westwood - Kano freestyle 1Xtra
http://wn.com/Westwood_Kano_freestyle_1Xtra
Westwood - Kano freestyle 1Xtra
- published: 17 Sep 2012
- views: 126601
- author: timwestwoodtv
Melé featuring Kano - Beamer (official video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Melé featuring Kano 'Beamer' is set for release on August 13th on Grizzly. Production Company: Ladoja & Sons Directed & Produced By: Grace Ladoja & Jordan Stokes DOP: Laura Bellingham Stylist: Irene Agbontaen www.onmygrizzly.tv http www.twitter.com www.myspace.com www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Melé_featuring_Kano_Beamer_official_video
Melé featuring Kano 'Beamer' is set for release on August 13th on Grizzly. Production Company: Ladoja & Sons Directed & Produced By: Grace Ladoja & Jordan Stokes DOP: Laura Bellingham Stylist: Irene Agbontaen www.onmygrizzly.tv http www.twitter.com www.myspace.com www.youtube.com
- published: 05 Jul 2012
- views: 54850
- author: GrizzlyOfficial
![Tanya Lacey - 'Greatness' (Featuring Kano) [Official Music Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121208081947im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Iz40Aj14WfI/default.jpg "Tanya Lacey - 'Greatness' (Featuring Kano) [Official Music Video]")
Tanya Lacey - 'Greatness' (Featuring Kano) [Official Music Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
BUY TANYA'S EP 'HEAD CHEF' NOW - ONLY £3.49!!: INCLUDING 'GREATNESS' / 'TOO MANY COOKS' + 6 OTHER TRACKS HERE: itunes.apple.com Find out more: www.twitter.com and www.facebook.com | 'Greatness' feat. Kano is the 1st single from Tanya's EP 'Head Chef'. Released: 22nd July. 'Head Chef' EP released September 2012. Download Tanya's version of 'THE' for FREE here: on.fb.me -- Music video by Tanya Lacey featuring Kano performing Greatness. Copyright © Laceywood Records Ltd
http://wn.com/Tanya_Lacey_'Greatness'_Featuring_Kano_Official_Music_Video_
BUY TANYA'S EP 'HEAD CHEF' NOW - ONLY £3.49!!: INCLUDING 'GREATNESS' / 'TOO MANY COOKS' + 6 OTHER TRACKS HERE: itunes.apple.com Find out more: www.twitter.com and www.facebook.com | 'Greatness' feat. Kano is the 1st single from Tanya's EP 'Head Chef'. Released: 22nd July. 'Head Chef' EP released September 2012. Download Tanya's version of 'THE' for FREE here: on.fb.me -- Music video by Tanya Lacey featuring Kano performing Greatness. Copyright © Laceywood Records Ltd
- published: 25 Jun 2012
- views: 120611
- author: TanyaLaceyOfficial
Westwood - Kano & Dangermouse freestyle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:06
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Kano & Dangermouse came thru the show and spat some bars on Westwood Radio 1.
http://wn.com/Westwood_Kano_Dangermouse_freestyle
Kano & Dangermouse came thru the show and spat some bars on Westwood Radio 1.
- published: 10 Sep 2012
- views: 116525
- author: timwestwoodtv
KANO & MIKEY J - RANDOM ANTICS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
www.grimedaily.com - The first release from Kano & Mikey J's new mixtape 'Not for the A-list'. Directed by Kalvador Peterson & Produced by Pierre & Posty
http://wn.com/KANO_MIKEY_J_RANDOM_ANTICS
www.grimedaily.com - The first release from Kano & Mikey J's new mixtape 'Not for the A-list'. Directed by Kalvador Peterson & Produced by Pierre & Posty
- published: 08 Sep 2011
- views: 126460
- author: GRM Daily
Plan B- Live Once Feat. Kano (From New Album Ill Manors)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Plan B- Live Once Feat. Kano From New Album Ill Manors. Anything Off Of AMAZON For FREE. All Legit With Proof. Check out this site. www.points2shop.com
http://wn.com/Plan_B_Live_Once_Feat_Kano_From_New_Album_Ill_Manors
Plan B- Live Once Feat. Kano From New Album Ill Manors. Anything Off Of AMAZON For FREE. All Legit With Proof. Check out this site. www.points2shop.com
- published: 23 Jul 2012
- views: 50839
- author: DuckLikeDaffi
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
06 Dec 2012
NEW BATAAN, Philippines - A powerful typhoon that washed away emergency shelters, a military camp and possibly entire families in the southern Philippines has killed almost 350 people with nearly 400 missing, authorities said Thursday. More bodies were retrieved from hardest-hit Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental provinces and six others impacted by Tuesday's storm, the Office of Civil Defense reported ... "It was horrible ... --- ... Location....(size: 8.0Kb)
photo: AP / Photo
06 Dec 2012
Lionel Messi missed out on a chance to match Gerd Mueller's record of 85 goals in a calendar year as he was injured during Barcelona's draw with Benfica. Messi, who hurt his left knee in a collision with Benfica keeper Artur, was taken off 30 minutes after coming on as a second-half substitute. Benfica knew a win would see them finish second behind Barca in Group G ... FC Barcelona's official Twitter account tweeted after the Benfica game....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: US Navy / Matthew Stroup
05 Dec 2012
ISAF today issued an operational update on combat operations in Afghanistan. It noted, among other things, that Afghan and coalition security forces conducted an operation in Watahpur district yesterday that resulted in the “death of insurgent leader Mohammad Yar Gul.” ... Mohammed Yar Gul coordinated the movement of insurgent fighters throughout Kunar province ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Karlos Manlupig
05 Dec 2012
The death toll from a powerful storm that hit the southern Philippines is continuing to rise, as rescue teams headed for affected areas. Typhoon Bopha struck Mindanao island on Tuesday, bringing rain and high winds. Tens of thousands were evacuated ahead of the storm, which is now passing over the western island of Palawan ... Water and mud rushed down mountainous slopes to engulf a school and a village hall serving as evacuation centres ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Sun Sentinel
06 Dec 2012
The New York Times
06 Dec 2012
Friday. Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesarts for arts and entertainment news. Arts Twitter List. Critics, Reporters and Editors. A sortable calendar of noteworthy cultural events in the New York region, selected by Times critics. Go to Event Listings ». IMMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH, 122 East 88th Street, Manhattan ... Clara Longstreth, director ... CHURCH OF ST ... “Twelfth Night ... Harold Rosenbaum, director ... Saturday ... Thea Kano, director ... ... 14....(size: 30.0Kb)
The Associated Press
05 Dec 2012
JOHANNESBURG (AP) -- The radical Islamist fighters gather around piles of weapons and ammunition they've stolen and shout praises to God as they shoot into the expanse of the African desert ... Over time Boko Haram has grown far more sophisticated, bombing the United Nations headquarters in Nigeria's capital, Abuja, and launching massive, military-style assaults like one that killed at least 185 people in Kano in January ... On Nov ... Army Gen....(size: 6.8Kb)
Seattle Post
05 Dec 2012
JOHANNESBURG (AP) — The radical Islamist fighters gather around piles of weapons and ammunition they've stolen and shout praises to God as they shoot into the expanse of the African desert ... Over time Boko Haram has grown far more sophisticated, bombing the United Nations headquarters in Nigeria's capital, Abuja, and launching massive, military-style assaults like one that killed at least 185 people in Kano in January ... On Nov ... Army Gen ... ....(size: 6.7Kb)
The Himalayan
05 Dec 2012
. Added At. 2012-12-05 7.39 PM. Last Updated At. 2012-12-05 7.39 PM. The Himalayan Times - Saved Articles(s). The headlines has been added to your saved article(s) ... Close. AP ... Over time Boko Haram has grown far more sophisticated, bombing the United Nations headquarters in Nigeria's capital, Abuja, and launching massive, military-style assaults like one that killed at least 185 people in Kano in January ... ....(size: 10.8Kb)
The Examiner
05 Dec 2012
A top Boko Haram leader, Abdulkareem Ibrahim and two of his subordinates were killed in a raid carried out by Nigerian police commandos in Nigeria's Borno State, an Israeli counterterrorist, who monitors North African terrorist groups, said on Monday ... Nigeria is Africa's most populous country ... One such attack in the northern Nigerian city of Kano in January 2012 killed about 150 people. ....(size: 2.6Kb)
The Siasat Daily
04 Dec 2012
Abuja, December 03.. A suspected time bomb detonated near a praying ground in Nigeria's northern city of Kano Sunday injuring three security men ... "The bombs exploded early in the morning when traders were opening their shops for the day's business ... Confirming the incident the state police spokesman, Musa Magaji Majia said the explosion injured the three persons who were at the junction of the Busy Textile market in Kano ... Comments(0)....(size: 3.0Kb)
noodls
04 Dec 2012
Dec. 04, 2012 ... During a commemorative ceremony at the Toyota Kaikan Museum conducted today, Senior Managing Officer Shigeru Hayakawa presented a certificate and a small-scale model of the historic "Toyoda Model AA"2 passenger car to a group of fifth-grade students from Kano Elementary School in Gifu Prefecture who broke the 15 million mark ... 1TMC's Motomachi, Takaoka and Tsutsumi plants. 2Production began in 1936. End ... (noodl....(size: 3.6Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
04 Dec 2012
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noodls
04 Dec 2012
Music Track of the Week. TRACK.. Picture Book - Why Are We Wasting Our Time. W/C.. 03/12/2012. CHOSEN BY.. Josh Molloy. Picture Book is made up of brothers Dario Darnell and Lorne Ashley who were born in New York City and raised in Manchester, they inherited a love of song writing and performing from their father August Darnell (a.k.a Kid Creole from the legendary Kid Creole & The Coconuts) ... This Weeks Track ... Rate This Track ... M.I.A ... Kano)....(size: 8.1Kb)
noodls
30 Nov 2012
Author. Mark Mascolini. 30 November 2012 ... The analysis included 2897 FSWs surveyed in 2007 and 2963 surveyed in 2010 ... FSWs in the Federal Capital Territory, which includes the capital Abuja, were almost 75% more likely to have HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 2.27), while FSWs in Kano state in north central Nigeria had doubled odds of HIV infection (aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.70) ... Source....(size: 4.0Kb)
IRINnews
29 Nov 2012
LONDON, 29 November 2012 (IRIN) - The major atrocities in northern Nigeriaâs violent insurgency have been widely reported ... But these reports hardly do justice to the relentless daily toll of violence over the past two years ... âWe found - and this is in both Maiduguri and Kano [northern Nigerian cities where Boko Haram has been active] - that the government is no longer even bothering to bring people before a judge.â ... eb/cb....(size: 7.4Kb)
All Africa
28 Nov 2012
[This Day]Worried by the spate of attacks and continued atmosphere of ......(size: 0.3Kb)
For other uses, see Kano (disambiguation).
| Kano | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
 |
|
 Kano
|
|
| Coordinates: 12°00′N 8°31′E / 12°N 8.517°E / 12; 8.517Coordinates: 12°00′N 8°31′E / 12°N 8.517°E / 12; 8.517 | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Kano State |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso (PDP) |
| Area | |
| • Metro | 499 km2 (193 sq mi) |
| Population (2006 census) | |
| • City | 2,163,225 |
| • Metro | 2,828,861 |
| [1] | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+1) |
Kano is a city in Nigeria and the capital of Kano State in Northern Nigeria. Its metropolitan population is the second largest in Nigeria after Lagos. The Kano Urban area covers 137 km2 and comprises six Local Government Area (LGAs) - Kano Municipal, Fagge, Dala, Gwale, Tarauni and Nassarawa - with a population of 2,163,225 at the 2006 Nigerian census. The Metropolitan Area covers 499 km2 and comprises eight LGAs - the six mentioned above plus Ungogo and Kumbotso - with a population of 2,828,861 at the 2006 Nigerian census.
The principal inhabitants of the city are of the Hausa people. As in most parts of Northern Nigeria, the Hausa Language is widely spoken in Kano. The city is the capital of the Kano Emirate, and the current Emir, Ado Bayero, has been on the throne since 1963. The city is home to the Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport, the main airport serving northern Nigeria and was named after Nigerian politician Aminu Kano.
Contents |
History[link]
See also: Kingdom of Kano
In the 7th century, Dala Hill, a residual hill in Kano, was the site of a hunting and gathering community that engaged in iron work; it is unknown whether these were Hausa people or speakers of Niger–Congo languages.[2] Kano was originally known as Dala, after the hill, and was referred to as such as late as the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th by Bornoan sources.[3]
The Kano Chronicle identifies Barbushe, a priest of a Dala Hill spirit, as the city's first settler. (Elizabeth Isichei notes that the description of Barbushe is similar to those of Sao people.)[4] While small chiefdoms were previously present in the area, according to the Kano Chronicle, Bagauda, a grandson of the mythical hero Bayajidda,[5] became the first king of Kano in 999, reigning until 1063.[6][7] His grandson Gijimasu (1095–1134), the third king, began building city walls at the foot of Dalla Hill, and his own son, Tsaraki (1136–1194), the fifth king, completed them during his reign.[7]
Muhammad Rumfa ascended to the throne in 1463 and reigned until 1499. During his reign, he reformed the city, expanded the Sahelian Gidan Rumfa (Emir's Palace), and played a role in the further Islamization of the city,[8] as he urged prominent residents to convert.[9] The Kano Chronicle attributes a total of twelve "innovations" to Rumfa.[10]
According to the Kano Chronicle, the thirty-seventh Sarkin Kano (King of Kano) was Mohammed Sharef (1703–1731). His successor, Kumbari dan Sharefa (1731–1743), engaged in major battles with Sokoto.
Fulani conquest and rule[link]
See also: Kano Emirate
At the beginning of the 19 century, Fulani Islamic leader Usman dan Fodio led a jihad affecting much of northern Nigeria, leading to the emergence of the Sokoto Caliphate. Kano was the largest and most prosperous province of the empire.[11] This was one of the last major slave societies, with high percentages of enslaved population long after the Atlantic slave trade had been cut off. Heinrich Barth, a German scholar who spent several years in northern Nigeria in the 1850s, estimated the percentage of slaves in Kano to be at least 50%, most of whom lived in slave villages.[11]
The city suffered famines from 1807–10, in the 1830s, 1847, 1855, 1863, 1873, 1884, and from 1889 until 1890.[12]
From 1893 until 1895, two rival claimants for the throne fought a civil war, or Basasa. With the help of royal slaves, Yusufu was victorious over Tukur, and claimed the title of emir.[13]
British colonization and rule[link]
British forces captured Kano in 1903 and made it the administrative centre of Northern Nigeria. It was replaced as the centre of government by Kaduna, and only regained administrative significance with the creation of Kano State following Nigerian independence.
From 1913 to 1914, as the peanut business was expanding, Kano suffered a major drought, which caused a famine.[14] Other famines during British rule occurred in 1908, 1920, 1927, 1943, 1951, 1956, and 1958.[12]
By 1922, groundnut trader Alhassan Dantata had become the richest businessman in Kano, surpassing fellow merchants Umaru Sharubutu Koki and Maikano Agogo.[15]
In May 1953, an inter-ethnic riot arose due to southern newspapers misreporting on the nature of a disagreement between northern and southern politicians in the House of Representatives.[16] Thousands of Nigerians of southern origin died as a result of the riot.[17]
Post-independence history[link]
Ado Bayero became Emir of Kano in 1963. Kano state was created in 1967 from the then Northern Nigeria by the Federal military government. The first military Police commissioner Audu Bako is credited with building a solid foundation for the progress of a modern society. Most of the social amenities in the state are credited to him.[citation needed] The first civilian governor was Abubakar Rimi.
In December 1980, radical preacher Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine led riots in Kano. He was killed by security forces, but his followers later started uprisings in other northern cities.[18]
After the introduction of sharia in Kano State in 2000, many Christians left the city.[19] 100 people were killed in riots over the sharia issue during October 2001.[20]
In November 2007, political violence broke out in the city after the People's Democratic Party (PDP) accused the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) of rigging the November 17, 2007 local government elections.[21] (The ANPP won in 36 of the state's 44 Local Government Areas.)[22] Hundreds of youths took to the streets, over 300 of whom were arrested; at least 25 people were killed. Buildings set on fire include a sharia police station, an Islamic centre, and a council secretariat. 280 federal soldiers were deployed around the city.[23]
In January 2012 a series of bomb attacks in Kano killed up to 162 people. Four police stations, the State Security Service headquarters, passport offices and immigration centres were attacked. Militants of the Boko Haram claimed responsibility.[24] After the bombings, Kano was placed under curfew.[25]
Geography[link]
Kano is located at 481 meters (or about 1580 feet) above sea level. The city lies to the north of the Jos Plateau, located in the Sudanian Savanna region that stretches across the south of the Sahel. The city lies near where the Kano and Challawa rivers flowing from the southwest converge to form the Hadejia River, which eventually flows into Lake Chad to the east.
Climate[link]
The region features savanna vegetation and a hot, semi-arid climate. Kano sees on average about 873 mm of precipitation per year,[26] the bulk of which falls from June through September. Kano is typically very hot throughout the year, though from December through February, the city is noticeably cooler. Nighttime temperatures are cool during the months of December, January and February, with average low temperatures ranging from 11°-14°C.
| Climate data for Cano | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30 (86) |
33 (91) |
37 (98) |
39 (102) |
38 (100) |
34 (93) |
31 (87) |
29 (84) |
31 (87) |
34 (93) |
34 (93) |
31 (87) |
33.2 (91.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12 (53) |
14 (57) |
18 (64) |
22 (71) |
23 (73) |
22 (71) |
21 (69) |
20 (68) |
21 (69) |
19 (66) |
15 (59) |
12 (53) |
18.0 (64.4) |
| Precipitation cm (inches) | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
6 (2.4) |
11 (4.5) |
20 (7.9) |
29 (11.3) |
12 (4.8) |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
81 (31.8) |
| Source: Weatherbase [27] | |||||||||||||
| Kano | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Demographics[link]
Kano is largely Muslim. The majority of Kano Muslims are Sunni, though a minority adhere to the Shia branch (see Shia in Nigeria). Christians and followers of other non-Muslim religions form a small part of the population, and traditionally lived in the Sabon Gari, or Foreign Quarter.[20]
Transportation/Aviation[link]
Kano is strategically located and owing to its leading position as commercial hub in the sub-Saharan Africa. Kano is linked to many African cities by road. Fleets of trucks and buses and other link Kano with many cities in Niger, Chad, Cameroon and Republic of Benin. Kabo Air, an airline, has its head office on the grounds of Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport in Kano.[28] Kano is also linked to Europe, Middle east, and north Africa. Kano Airport is served by Egypt Air, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Middle East Air, KLM.[29] It is also connected to Lagos and Abuja by several domestic airlines (IRS, Dana Air, Bellview, Arik and others)
Economy[link]
Kano has long been the economic centre of northern Nigeria, and a centre for the production and export of peanuts. Kano houses the Bayero University and a railway station with trains to Lagos routed through Kaduna, while Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport lies nearby. Because Kano is north of the rail junction at Kaduna, it has equal access to the seaports at Lagos and Port Harcourt.
Formerly walled, most of the gates to the Old City survive. The Old City houses the vast Kurmi Market, known for its crafts, while old dye pits – still in use – lie nearby. Also in the Old City are the Emir's Palace, the Great Mosque, and the Gidan Makama Mosque. Kano has six districts. They are the Old City, Bompai, Fagge, Sabon Gari, Syrian Quarter, and Nassarawa.[30] The city also contains the Gidan Makama Museum Kano, housed in a 15th century building that is a National Monument.
As of November 2007, there are plans to establish an information technology park in the city.[31]
The city is supplied with water by the nearby Challawa Gorge Dam, which is also being considered as a source of hydro power.[32]
The airline Kabo Air has its head office in the city.[33]
Durbar Festival[link]
The Emir of Kano hosts a Durbar to mark and celebrate the two annual Muslim festivals and Eid-ul-Fitr (to mark the end of the Holy Month of Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (to mark the Hajj Holy Pilgrimage). The Durbar culminates in a procession of highly elaborately dressed horsemen who pass through the city to the Emir's palace. Once assembled near the palace, groups of horsemen, each group representing a nearby village, take it in turns to charge towards the Emir, pulling up just feet in front of the seated dignitaries to offer their respect and allegiance.
References[link]
- ^ Kano Municipal LGA population as per:
Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette (15 May 2007). "Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census" (PDF). http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf. Retrieved 2007-05-19. - ^ Iliffe, John (2007). Africans: The History of a Continent. Cambridge University Press. p. 75. ISBN 0-521-86438-0.
- ^ Nast, Heidi J (2005). Concubines and Power: Five Hundred Years in a Northern Nigerian Palace. University of Minnesota Press. p. 60. ISBN 0-8166-4154-4.
- ^ Isichei, Elizabeth (1997). A History of African Societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. p. 234. ISBN 0-521-45599-5. http://books.google.com/?id=LgnhYDozENgC&pg=PA234&lpg=PA234.
- ^ Okehie-Offoha, Marcellina; Matthew N. O. Sadiku (December 1995). Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Nigeria. Africa World Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-86543-283-3.
- ^ "Kano". Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9039547/Hausa.
- ^ a b Ki-Zerbo, Joseph (1998). UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. University of California Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-520-06699-5.
- ^ "Caravans Across the Desert: Marketplace". AFRICA: One Continent. Many Worlds.. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050102214010/http://www.nhm.org/africa/tour/desert/030.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
- ^ "50 Greatest Africans - Sarki Muhammad Rumfa & Emperor Semamun". When We Ruled. Every Generation Media. http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=25. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
- ^ Nast, p. 61
- ^ a b Lovejoy, Paul (1983). Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 195. ISBN 0-521-24369-6.
- ^ a b Milich, Lee (1997-07-17). "Food Security in Pre-Colonial Hausaland". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/afoodsec.html. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
- ^ Stilwell, Sean (2000). "Power, Honour and Shame: The Ideology of Royal Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, (Edinburgh University Press) 70 (3): 394–421. DOI:10.2307/1161067. JSTOR 1161067.
- ^ Christelow, Allan (1987). "Property and Theft in Kano at the Dawn of the Groundnut Boom, 1912-1914". The International Journal of African Historical Studies (Boston University African Studies Center) 20 (2): 225–243. DOI:10.2307/219841. JSTOR 219841.
- ^ Dan-Asabe, Abdulkarim Umar (November 2000). "Biography of Select Kano Merchants, 1853-1955" (– Scholar search). FAIS Journal of Humanities 1 (2). Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070903072846/http://www.kanostate.net/Support+Files/Biography+of+Select+Kano+Merchants.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-09. [dead link]
- ^ Ernest E., Uwazie; Isaac Olawale Albert and G. N. Uzoigwe (1999). "The Role of Communication in the Escalation of Ethnic and Religious Conflicts". Inter-Ethnic and Religious Conflict Resolution in Nigeria. Lexington Books. p. 20. ISBN 0-7391-0033-5.
- ^ Uwazie et al., p. 73
- ^ Hunwick, John Owen; Ibrahim Gambari (chapter author) (1992). "The Role of Religion in National Life: Reflections on Recent Experiences in Nigeria". Religion and National Integration in Africa: Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria. Northwestern University Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-8101-1037-7.
- ^ "Nigeria's Kano state celebrates Sharia". BBC News. 2000-06-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/798630.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
- ^ a b "Kano: Nigeria's ancient city-state". BBC online (BBC). 2004-05-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3708309.stm. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ^ "Army patrols Kano after clashes". News.BBC.com (BBC News). 2007-11-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7105790.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
- ^ Karofi, Hassan A; Halima Musa (2007-11-21). "ANPP Sweeps Kano LG Polls". Daily Trust online. http://dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5253&Itemid=45. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
- ^ Shuaibu, Ibrahim (2007-11-21). "Kano Death Toll Rises to 25". Thisday online (Leaders & Company). Archived from the original on 2007-12-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20071201091113/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=95856. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
- ^ "Nigeria violence: Scores dead after Kano blasts". BBC News. 2012-01-21. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16663693. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ Many Dead Following Bomb Blasts in Kano, Nigeria
- ^ a b "Kano Climate Information - ClimateTemp.info, Making Sense of Average Monthly Temperature & Weather Data with Detailed Climate Graphs That Portray Average Rainfall & Sunshine Hours". Climatetemp.info. 2011-07-22. http://www.climatetemp.info/nigeria/kano.html. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Cano, Nigeria". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=650460&refer=wikipedia. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
- ^ "Contact Us." Kabo Air. Retrieved on 19 October 2009.
- ^ Barau, Aliyu Salisu (2007) The Great Attractions of Kano. Research and Documentation Directorate, Government House Kano
- ^ "Kano". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2007.
- ^ "Nigerian city of Kano plans IT park". Panapress (Afriquenligne). 2007-11-04. http://www.afriquenligne.fr/news/daily-news/nigerian-city-of-kano-plans-it-park-2007110410666/. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
- ^ PROF. ABDU SALIHI, FNSE (11TH - 12 May 2009). "Hydropower Development at Tiga and Challawa Gorge Dams, Kano State, Nigeria". International Network on Small Hydro Power (IN-SHP). http://www.inshp.org/THE%205th%20HYDRO%20POWER%20FOR%20TODAY%20CONFERENCE/Presentations/Nigeria/Hydropower%20Development%20At%20Tiga%20And%20Challawa%20Gorge%20Dams.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ "Contact Us." Kabo Air. Retrieved on 27 November 2010. "HEAD OFFICE 67/73 Ashton Rd P.O.Box 1850 Kano State Nigeria"
Further reading[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kano |
- Maconachie, Roy (2007). Urban Growth and Land Degradation in Developing Cities: Change and Challenges in Kano, Nigeria. King's SOAS Studies in Development Geography. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4828-4.
- Barau, Aliyu Salisu (2007). The Great Attractions of Kano. Research and Documentation Directorate, Government House Kano. ISBN 978-8109-33-0.
External links[link]
http://wn.com/Kano
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Kano
http://cs.wn.com/Kano
http://id.wn.com/Kano, Nigeria
http://ru.wn.com/Кано (город)
http://nl.wn.com/Kano (stad)
http://es.wn.com/Kano
http://pl.wn.com/Kano (miasto)
http://fr.wn.com/Kano (Nigeria)
http://de.wn.com/Kano
http://pt.wn.com/Kano
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kano
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2012) |
| Wretch 32 | |
|---|---|
 Performing at Jersey Live in 2011. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Jermaine Scott |
| Born | (1985-03-09) 9 March 1985 (age 27) |
| Origin | Tottenham, London, England |
| Genres | Grime, British hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Ministry of Sound (2010–present) |
| Associated acts | The Movement, Bashy, Chip, Ed Sheeran, Skepta, Wiley, Double S, Tinie Tempah, Kano, Example, Angel, Skyhigh, Sherif, Lowkey |
| Website | wretch32.com |
Jermaine Scott (born 9 March 1985),[1][2] better known by his stage name Wretch 32 (three-two), is an English rapper and former Grime MC from Tottenham, London where he grew up the son of a local reggae DJ in the Tiverton Estate.[3] He was a member of the grime collective "Combination Chain Gang", before forming The Movement with Scorcher, Ghetts, and Mercston. The world and online community including the UK music industry especially, first set eyes on Wretch 32 when 32 was given the opportunity to appear on RMC TV Artist Spotlight back in 2005 around the same time as N-Dubz drummer BreakBeat. Wretch 32 – The Beginning![4] Needless Beef a short film based on UK street life and gun crime starring Wretch 32 was first edited and broadcast exclusively on RMC TV, which later inspired MTV’s Dubplate Drama Series.[5] He is also often associated with the TMT crew, also from Tottenham, due to his close relationship to fellow Tottenham rapper Cell 22. The pair have made several songs together. He released his first single "Traktor" in January 2011.
2009 Mp3 Music Awards announced that Wretch 32 was nominated for an Mp3 Award alongside Chipmunk and Haringey Independent[6] and Channel U / Channel AKA published the story.[7]
On 6 December 2010, the BBC also announced that Wretch 32 had been nominated for the BBC's Sound of 2011 poll[8] and MTV named him as a nominee for MTV Brand New for 2011.[9]
Contents |
Career[link]
Early life[link]
Born in March 1985, Scott grew up alongside crews Combination Chain Gang and The Movement, the latter of which featured Scorcher, Ghetto, Mercston and Devlin, Lowkey & Wretch 32 In My Lifetime. Continuing his MC career in 2006, Scott under the name Wretch 32 released a series of mixtapes, including Teacher's Training Day – which featured guest appearances from Ghetts, Bashy and Scorcher.[10] After coming to the attention of BBC Radio 1 Xtra's DJ Cameo, Wretch went on to win a 1Xtra Mixtape Award.
2007 Early Exposure[link]
Wretch 32 got his first big break when he performed at the first annual MP3 Music Awards in 2007 alongside signed US recording artist Chenelle, signing her chart single “I Fell In Love With The DJ” in front on a live crowd and industry audience that included the likes of the BBC Head of Music Mark Cooper, PRS Chairman Ellis Rich and various other individuals from EMI, Sony, Warner and more. After performing at MMA 2007, his album was released. Wretch 32 Punctuation Live and a Wretch 32 Live Accapella at MP3 Music Awards 2007 on youtube.
2008–2011: Early career[link]
The movement into mainstream began when Wretch 32 appeared at Radio 1's Big Weekend on the BBC Introducing stage in 2009. His debut studio album, Wretchrospective was released in the United Kingdom during 2008, prior to Wretch's signing with record label Ministry of Sound. Wretch 32 and Chipmunk were both nominees for the UGG Awards, Urban/Garage/Grime category at the 2009 Mp3 Music Awards followed by Haringey Independent Press Release. On 6 December 2010, Wretch 32 was named as one of the nominees for BBC's Sound of 2011, an annual poll which predicts artists that will progress during the upcoming year. In 2010 Wretch 32 won a Official Mixtape Award for the 'best hiphop mixtape of 2009.
[edit] 2011–present: Black and White
Wretch then continued, releasing his debut single "Traktor" on 16 January 2011[11] through Ministry of Sound as both a digital download and a CD single. The track saw commercial success, having been selected as BBC Radio 1's Reggie Yates Weekend Anthem on 19–20 December 2010,[12] before debuting at number five on the UK Singles Chart as the third highest entry of the week.[13] The release was succeeded by second single "Unorthodox", which featured British rapper Example. The song, which sampled The Stone Roses' 1989 hit "Fools Gold" debuted at number two in the UK, also topping the R&B chart and independent releases chart; having been selected Jo Whiley's Weekend Anthem on 26–27 March 2011.[14] also he featured on female artist Jaya's single 'Outta Control' along side Diggy Simmon, although this failed to chart due to lack of exposure.
On December 11, 2011 Wretch 32 released the single "Forgiveness" featuring Etta Bond (artist who is signed to Labrinth's record label Odd Child recordings) from the album Black and White.
It is confirmed that Hush Little Baby, featuring Ed Sheeran will be the next single from the album.
Discography[link]
Main article: Wretch 32 discography
- Albums
- 2008: Wretchrospective
- 2011: Black and White
- Mixtapes
- 2006: Learn From My Mixtape
- 2007: Teachers Training Day
- 2009: Wretch32.com
- 2010: More Fun! [Wretch 32 + Chipmunk]
- 2012: Wretchercise
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Organisation | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | BBC Sound of 2011[8] | Wretch32 | Sound of 2011 | Nominated |
| MTV Brand New[9] | Wretch32 | New for 2011 | Nominated | |
| 2011[15] | Mp3 Music Awards 2011 | Unorthodox Ft Example | The UGG Award | Won |
| 2011 | 4Music Video Honours | "Traktor" (featuring L) | Best Big Beats | Nominated |
| 4Music Video Honours | Wretch32 | Best Breakthrough | Nominated |
References[link]
- ^ Wretch 32 – Grimepedia Page, Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ^ Wretch 32 – Homepage – Biography, Retrieved 2010-12-03.[dead link]
- ^ Wretch 32 interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' January 2011
- ^ Wretch 32 – The Beginning, Retrieved 2005-01-02.
- ^ Wretch 32 1st Short Film – Needless Beef, Retrieved 2005-01-02.
- ^ Wretch 32 & Chipmunk Haringey Independent Press Release, Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ Wretch 32 & Chipmunk Channel U / Channel AKA Press News, Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ a b BBC – Sound of 2011 – Nominees, Retrieved 2010-12-04.
- ^ a b MTV Brand New for 2011 – Nominees, Retrieved 2010-12-20.
- ^ Wretch 32 – Teacher's Training Day, Retrieved 2011-01-16.
- ^ Wretch 32 – Traktor – Information, Retrieved 2011-01-16.
- ^ BBC Radio 1 – Switch – 20 December 2010 – Tracklisting, Retrieved 2011-01-15.
- ^ Peak positions for singles in the United Kingdom:
- For "Traktor": "Chart Archive > UK Singles > 29 January 2011". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/1/2011-01-29/. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
- For "Unorthodox": "Chart Archive > UK Singles > 30 April 2011". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/1/2011-04-30/. Retrieved 2011-05-09.
- For "Don't Go": "Chart Archive > UK Singles > 27 August 2011". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/1/2011-08-27/. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- For Black and White: "Chart Archive > UK Albums > 3 September 2011". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/3/2011-09-03/. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- For "Hangover": "Chart Archive > UK Singles > 1 October 2011". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/1/2011-10-01/. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ BBC Radio 1 – Request Show – 26 March 2011 BBC Radio 1, Retrieved 2011-04-18.
- ^ MMA – Mp3 Music Awards 2011 – Winners, Retrieved 2011-12-10.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Wretch 32. |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | British rapper |
| Date of birth | 17 March 1985. |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Wretch_32
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Wretch 32
http://it.wn.com/Wretch 32
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wretch_32
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Tinie Tempah | |
|---|---|
 Tempah at the 2010 Way Out West Festival. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Patrick Junior Chukwuemeka Okogwu |
| Born | (1988-11-07) 7 November 1988 (age 23) Plumstead, London, England |
| Genres | Grime, Hip hop, drum and bass |
| Occupations | Rapper, songwriter |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Parlophone, Disturbing London |
| Associated acts | Labrinth, Ellie Goulding, Swedish House Mafia, Chase & Status, Usher, Kelly Rowland, Eric Turner, Range, Emeli Sandé, Wiz Khalifa, Bei Maejor, Snoop Dogg, Ester Dean, Taio Cruz, Wretch 32, J. Cole, Lupe Fiasco, Rita Ora, Taylor ThePALACE |
| Website | tinietempah.com |
Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu[1] (born 7 November 1988),[2] better known by his stage name Tinie Tempah, is an English rapper. He made his first mixtape in 2007; his first album, Disc-Overy, debuted at number one in October 2010 and was preceded by two number-one singles.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu, was born in London, England on 7 November 1988, and is of Ibusa, Delta State, Nigerian origin. [3] He lived on the Aylesbury Estate in South East London until he was 12 with his parents and three younger siblings.[3] He attended St. Paul's Catholic School in Abbey Wood, London SE2, (now known as St. Paul's Academy). He went on to study A Levels at St Francis Xavier Sixth Form College, SW12. Of his London upbringing, Tempah states: “London is one of the only places in the world where you can live in a council block and see a beautiful semi-detached house across the street. Growing up around that was inspirational, it kept me motivated".[1]
Career history[link]
Early career[link]
In 2006, Tempah gained a great deal of airplay on British music TV channel, Channel AKA, for his song "Tears" He made his first mixtape in 2007 with 28 songs, freestyles and remixes, featuring Mz Bratt, Chipmunk and G-Unit.[citation needed] His first album, Disc-Overy, debuted at number one in October 2010 and was preceded by the number-one singles "Pass Out" and "Written in the Stars" and the UK Top 5 hits "Frisky" and "Miami 2 Ibiza". In late 2007, he collaborated on a track ("Perfect GCD Hood Economics Room 147") with grime artist Ultra and producers/songwriters Agent X.
Tempah toured with Chipmunk in February 2010. His first break as a musician came when Sony launched its PlayStation Portable (PSP) and used a track entitled "Listen To The Vibe" featuring Yasmin and DJ Ironik, and "Atlantic/Warner" for the futuristic racing game, Wipeout Pure. This resulted in a promotional European tour alongside the likes of Sway and Dizzee Rascal.
Tempah, his manager and cousin Dumi Oburota founded the independent label Disturbing London primarily as an official outlet for Tempah's music, but with the idea of also signing other young artists. According to Dumi: "We wanted to have a platform to put out our music and there wasn't any Def Jam or Roc-A-Fella label equivalent in England. [Also] I wanted to create a major independent label with quality artists. I felt like the major labels had lost the passion for music."[4] The activities of the label were initially largely funded by student loans and the proceeds from buying and selling cars.[4]
When scout and music consultant Jade Richardson saw Tempah performing at the 2009 Wireless Festival she called Parlophone Records president Miles Leonard saying: “You’ve got to check out this guy Tinie Tempah. He came on at lunchtime and there’s about 1,000 kids screaming for him. He’s only put out one independent release and he’s got this huge audience.”[5] Leonard and A&R Nathan Thompson visited Tempah and his manager Dumi at their studio a few weeks later and were hugely impressed to hear about the work they had already done in developing Tempah's career and by the ambitious plans they had for his future.[5] Leonard told HitQuarters: "I thought it was incredible that an artist and manager were doing so much so soon with so little ... That impressed as much as the music."[5]
Tempah announced his signing to Parlophone in October 2009 by running a competition on his blog, with the winner invited to High Tea at Claridges to celebrate the deal.[6]
[edit] 2010–2011: Success and Disc-Overy
File:Tinie Tempah Toronto 2011.jpg
Tinie Tempah performing at WRONGBAR in Toronto, Canada in May 2011. Touring and promotion for Disc-Overy in North America pushed back the release of Tempah's second album to 2012.[7]
Tempah released his debut single "Pass Out" with Parlophone on 28 February 2010, with it entering the UK Singles Chart at number 1. Selling just over 92,000 copies, making this his first number 1 which it remained for two consecutive weeks. Tempah would later perform "Pass Out" on 25 June 2010 at Glastonbury on the Pyramid stage with Snoop Dogg. Tempah then announced his second single, "Frisky", which was released on 6 June 2010 entering the UK Singles Chart at number 2. Tempah supported Rihanna for four dates in May on her 10-date UK tour with Tinchy Stryder and Pixie Lott.[8] Tempah performed at many summer balls at various universities around the United Kingdom.[citation needed] Tempah performed at Radio 1 Big Weekend in Bangor on 22 May 2010 on the In New Music We Trust stage. He also toured with Mr Hudson in May 2010. Tinie Tempah played the Summertime Ball at Wembley Stadium on 6 June 2010, at Wakestock in Abersoch on 3 July 2010, both T4 on the Beach and the Wireless Festival in London's Hyde Park on 4 July, and V Festival on 21 and 22 August 2010. Tempah released his third single "Written in the Stars" on 19 September 2010. This again charted at number 1 in the UK Singles Chart selling over 115,000 copies in its first week, making it his biggest-selling single to date. The song also went on to chart in a number of other countries. Tempah went on to team up with Swedish House Mafia for his fourth single "Miami 2 Ibiza" which was released on 1 October 2010. This went on to reach a peak of number 4 in the UK Singles Chart and his first number 1 in the Netherlands Mega Single Top 100 chart. He released his long-awaited debut album, Disc-Overy on 4 October 2010 which featured all his previous charted singles.
On 11 October 2010, he kicked off his first UK tour which was supported by Chiddy Bang. He went on to win his first 2 MOBO Awards in October. Tempah also featured on the Tinchy Stryder single "Game Over" which was released on 15 November 2010. This reached number 22 on the UK Singles Chart. On 25 December, Tempah released his fifth single "Invincible" featuring Kelly Rowland, which peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. "Wonderman", featuring Ellie Goulding, was released and was the fifth official single. Tempah joined Usher on the European leg of his OMG Tour in January 2011. Tempah was also nominated for 4 Brit Awards making him the most nominated artist at the awards. His single "Written in the Stars" was used for a WrestleMania XXVII countdown promo during the WWE PPV Royal Rumble on 30 January 2011. It was later confirmed by WWE that it will be the official theme for Wrestlemania XXVII. It's also the theme song for the 2011 MLB Post Season. On 15 February 2011, he won his first ever Brit Award, for Best British Breakthrough Act. He also won a Brit for Best British Single.[9] On 7 March 2011, Tempah expressed his desire for his next album to go triple platinum. "I reckon in 2011, towards the end of it, I'm going to do an arena tour – and sell it out – then I reckon I'm going to release another album, and fingers crossed it can go platinum again, and double platinum, and triple. Let's just sell a million."[10] In early 2011, Tinie Tempah announced a UK Arena tour. Support acts included Nero, Labrinth and Chase and Status (After Party DJ Set).[citation needed] In 2011, Labrinth revealed that Tempah will be releasing "Pass Out" in the United States, featuring a well recognised artist in the American rap game.[11] On 28 November 2011, Tinie Tempah hosted an episode of the TV show, Never Mind the Buzzcocks.[12] Also in November, Tinie Tempah released two tracks, "Like It or Love It" which featured both Wretch 32 & J. Cole, and "Lucky Cunt" which featured Big Sean. On 16 December, Tempah released a 9-track mixtape/EP titled Happy Birthday. In early 2012 Tempah featured with Eric Turner and Lupe Fiasco on a track called "Angels and Stars". Tempah's song "Written in the Stars" was used as the entrance song for the New York Giants before Super Bowl XLVI.
[edit] 2012–present: Demonstration
By December 2010 Tempah was writing a second album,[13] saying there will be a more electronic and live feel to it. It was originally intended for a late 2011 release.[7][14] but is now scheduled for October 2012.[15] During an interview, Tempah commented on his second album: "I always like to work with different people on each project I do, just so you get a different sound and angle. I will be working with some of the same people I did for the first album, you know what they say ‘if it ain't broke then don’t try and fix it’."[16] Tempah hoped to collaborate with other artists; "I really want to collaborate with Toronto's very own Drake. I think he's amazing at what he does. I'd also like to collaborate with Adele, Sleigh Bells, Lykke Li, Dev, James Blake ― those are the few that I'd really like to work with."[17] Tempah announced in an interview with Rolling Stone that his next single is to be called "Till I'm Gone" which will feature Wiz Khalifa and is produced by Stargate.[18][19] The single and the video song were released at the end of June 2011.[20] Tinie Tempah, world renowned drummer Travis Barker and Irish boxing champion Katie Taylor, joined forces to launch Lucozade’s new Yes Campaign, which signals a repositioning of its sports and energy drink brand. Featuring a performance of Tempah's "Simply Unstoppable" with Travis Barker on drums, remixed especially for Lucozade Sport,[citation needed] the campaign was released in Summer 2011.
Tinie Tempah has asked a number of artists to appear on his upcoming second album, including Gary Barlow, Chris Martin, Dizzee Rascal, and The Script.[21]
At the Brit Awards in 2012, he announced his second album would be called 'Demonstration'.[22]
Discography[link]
Main article: Tinie Tempah discography
- Disc-Overy (2010)
- Demonstration (2012)
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Event | Prize | Nominated work | Result | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | MOBO Awards | Best Newcomer | Won | [23] | |
| Best Video | "Frisky" (featuring Labrinth) | Won | |||
| Best UK Act | Nominated | ||||
| Best Song | "Pass Out" | Nominated | |||
| 4Music Video Honours | Hottest Boy | Nominated | [24] | ||
| Hottest Hook-up | "Frisky" (featuring Labrinth) | Nominated | |||
| MP3 Music Awards | The UGG Award (Urban/Garage/Grime) | Won | [25] | ||
| Urban Music Awards | Best Newcomer | Won | [23] | ||
| Best Video | "Wonderman" (featuring Ellie Goulding) | Nominated | |||
| Best Hip-Hop Act | Won | ||||
| Best Collaboration | "Pass Out" | Won | |||
| BT Digital Music Awards | Breakthrough Artist of the Year | Nominated | [26] | ||
| Best Male Artist | Nominated | ||||
| Best Newcomer | Won | ||||
| Best Video | "Pass Out" | Nominated | |||
| Best Song | "Pass Out" | Nominated | |||
| UK Festival Awards | Breakthrough Artist | Won | [27] | ||
| MTV Europe Music Awards | Best UK and Ireland New Act | Nominated | [28] | ||
| 2011 | South Bank Awards | Pop Music | Disc-Overy | Nominated | [29] |
| Brit Awards | Best British Male | Nominated | [30] | ||
| Best Breakthrough Act | Won | ||||
| Best Single | "Pass Out" | Won | |||
| Album of the Year | Disc-Overy | Nominated | |||
| Ivor Novello Awards | Best Contemporary Song | "Pass Out" | Won | [31] | |
| BET Awards | Best International Act: UK | Won | [32] | ||
| MOBO Awards | Best UK Hip Hop/Grime Act | Won | [33] | ||
| Best Album | Disc-Overy | Nominated | [33] | ||
| Best Song | "Hitz" (Chase & Status featuring Tinie Tempah) | Nominated | [33] | ||
| Best Song | "Wonderman" (featuring Ellie Goulding) | Nominated | [33] | ||
| Best UK Act | Nominated | [33] | |||
| Mercury Prize | Album of the Year | Disc-Overy | Nominated |
References[link]
- ^ a b "Tinie Tempah Official Website Biography". EMI. 19 January 2011. http://www.tinietempah.com/biog/. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ^ "Tinie Tempah’s official Twitter, saying it is his birthday.". http://twitter.com/TinieTempah/status/1267616299618304.
- ^ a b Tinie Tempah: 10 things you need to know about the Brit Award nominated rapper The Mirror. Retrieved 13 October 2011
- ^ a b "Interview with Dumi Oburota". HitQuarters. 7 March 2011. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_DOint.html. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
- ^ a b c "Interview with Miles Leonard". HitQuarters. 7 February 2011. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_MLeonardInt.html. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ^ Tinie Tempah signs to Parlophone/EMI! (Video), http://milkand2sugars.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/tinie-tempah-signs-to-parlophoneemi/
- ^ a b Tinie Tempah to release next album 'in the new year' | News. Nme.Com (2011-04-28). Retrieved on 2011-10-26.
- ^ "Tinie Tempah supports Rihanna on UK tour". digitalspy.co.uk. 28 April 2010. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a217169/tinie-tempah-supports-rihanna-on-uk-tour.html. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
- ^ "Best group Brit goes to Take That". BBC News. 15 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12463741. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ "Tinie Tempah Reveals His Million Sales Ambition For New Album". http://www.taletela.com/news/5366/tinie-tempah-reveals-his-million-sales-ambition-for-new-album. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^ "Tinie Tempah Creates US Version of Pass Out". Pappzd.com. http://www.pappzd.com/2011/11/tinie-tempah-american-version-of-pass-out/. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ "Never Mind the Buzzcocks: Tinie Tempah, Pixie Lott, Example, Chris Ramsey, Joey Page Episode Summary". TV.com. http://www.tv.com/shows/never-mind-the-buzzcocks/tinie-tempah-pixie-lott-example-chris-ramsey-joey-page-1561148/. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ Friday News Roundup – 4 Music (Fri 17 December 2010)
- ^ "Tinie Tempah wants Gary Barlow, Coldplay's Chris Martin for new album". DigitalSpy.co.uk. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a347135/tinie-tempah-wants-gary-barlow-coldplays-chris-martin-for-new-album.html. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FhxzkfcSxM&feature=youtu.be
- ^ Tinie Tempah: Interview by Holly Frith on 4 April 2011.
- ^ Tinie Tempah Interview June 2011. Exclaim.ca. Retrieved on 2011-10-26.
- ^ Tinie Tempah is Optimistic About Breaking Through in the U.S by Matthew Perpetua on 18 April 2011. RollingStone.com.
- ^ Tinie Tempah announces new single on RollingStone.com on TinieTempah.com. 18 April 2011.
- ^ Play For Life | First Look: Tinie Tempah feat Wiz Khalifa. Playforlife.fm (2011-07-01). Retrieved on 2011-10-26.
- ^ NME Oct 22, 2011. Nme.com (2011-10-22). Retrieved on 2011-10-26.
- ^ "Tinie Tempah names second album 'Demonstration': 'It sounds amazing' – Music News". Digital Spy. 2012-02-22. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a367243/tinie-tempah-names-second-album-demonstration-it-sounds-amazing.html. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ a b "MOBO AWARDS 2010 WINNERS". BBC UK. http://www.bbc.co.uk/1xtra/mobos/2010/winners/. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
- ^ "The results are in!". 4 Music. http://www.4music.com/article/4music-video-honours/the-results.html. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
- ^ "MP3 Music Awards 2010 winners announced". 11 December 2010. http://www.music-news.com/shownews.asp?nItemID=38101. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
- ^ "BT Digital Music Awards winners". 1 October 2010. http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?storyCode=1042756§ioncode=1. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
- ^ "Mumford & Sons lead UK Festival Awards nominations". 14 October 2010. http://newsblog.thecmuwebsite.com/post/Mumford-Sons-lead-UK-Festival-Awards-nominations.aspx. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
- ^ "Marina and the Diamonds wins Best UK & Ireland New Act!". http://ema.mtv.co.uk/news/2010-best-uk-act-winner.
- ^ "South Bank Awards 2011: nominee list". London: 1 December 2010. 1 December 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/dec/01/south-bank-show-awards-shortlist. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
- ^ "Tinie Tempah nominated for four Brit Awards". 13 January 2011. 13 January 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12182834. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
- ^ The Nominations for the 2011 the Ivor Novello Awards. Theivors.com (2011-05-19). Retrieved on 2011-10-26.
- ^ Best International Act: UK | BET Awards | Shows. BET. Retrieved on 2011-10-26.
- ^ a b c d e The 2011 MOBO Awards in association with Lebara Mobile | MOBO Awards. Mobo.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-26.
External links[link]
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tempah, Tinie |
| Alternative names | Okogwu, Patrick Chukwuemeka (real name) |
| Short description | British rapper |
| Date of birth | 7 November 1988 |
| Place of birth | Plumstead, London, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Tinie_Tempah
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
http://cs.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
http://es.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
http://ru.wn.com/Тайни Темпа
http://nl.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
http://pt.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
http://pl.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
http://fr.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
http://de.wn.com/Tinie Tempah
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinie_Tempah
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the former American Football player, see Buster Rhymes.
| Busta Rhymes | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Trevor Tahiem Smith, Jr. |
| Born | (1972-05-20) May 20, 1972 (age 40) |
| Origin | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper, actor |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Labels | Conglomerate, Cash Money |
| Associated acts | Leaders of the New School, A Tribe Called Quest, Flipmode Squad, Spliff Star, Dr. Dre, N.O.R.E., The Notorious B.I.G., Pharrell, Swizz Beatz, DMX, Mystikal, Wu-Tang Clan, M.O.P., |
Trevor Tahiem Smith, Jr., (born May 20, 1972),[1] better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes, is an American rapper, producer and actor. Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the alias Busta Rhymes after NFL wide receiver George "Buster" Rhymes. Early in his career, he was known for his wild style and fashion, and today is best known for his intricate rapping technique, which involves rapping at a fast rate with lots of internal rhyme and half rhyme, and to date has received eleven Grammy nominations for his musical work. About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987–2007),[2] while Steve Huey of Allmusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the '90s.[3]
Contents
|
Early life[link]
Busta was born in Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in Flatbush, Brooklyn, to Jamaican parents Geraldine Green and Trevor Smith, Sr. in 1972. Smith attended George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School, alongside Jay-Z, DMX and The Notorious B.I.G.[4][5][6][7] He went to Uniondale High School on Long Island, graduating in 1990.
Music Career[link]
Leaders of the New School and rising popularity: 1990–1993[link]
Hip-hop crew Leaders of the New School began recording in 1989 and released their debut album A Future Without a Past... in 1991 on Elektra Records. In early 1992 the group appeared on A Tribe Called Quest's posse cut "Scenario," in which Busta's climactic verse propelled him into the cultural consciousness.[8] In 1993, they released T.I.M.E. (The Inner Mind's Eye). Soon after, however, internal problems arose because of Busta's increasing popularity, and the group broke up on the set of Yo! MTV Raps.
After LONS broke up, Busta Rhymes began making guest appearances on several hip-hop and R&B artists singles such as R&B group Boyz II Men, he appeared on the track "Intro Talk" on Mary J. Blige's landmark debut album, What's the 411?, he also appeared on the album jacket of fellow hip-hop group A Tribe Called Quest's Midnight Marauders, with a host of other fellow hip-hop pioneers. In 1993, he appeared in a cameo role in Yo! MTV Raps hosts Doctor Dré and Ed Lover's film, Who's the Man?, and in the HBO film, Strapped, and co-starred alongside Ice Cube and Omar Epps in the John Singleton film, Higher Learning (which was in post-production until it was released in 1995). The following year, he teamed up with Puff Daddy, LL Cool J, and future Flipmode Squad member, Rampage and former classmate The Notorious B.I.G., on a remix to Craig Mack's "Flava In Ya Ear", soon after he would team up again with The Notorious B.I.G. among a plethora of rappers such as Bone Thugs-n-Harmony and Coolio on the single, "The Points" which appeared on the soundtrack to the 1995 film, Panther.
[edit] The Coming and When Disaster Strikes: 1995–1997
In the summer of 1995, Busta Rhymes started work on his first album The Coming, and a month after recording the album, he released it in March of 1996. A month before the album was released, he broke out with a solo hit single, "Woo Hah!! Got You All in Check". Later, he started work on his second album, When Disaster Strikes, which would not be released until September 1997. It produced the hit singles "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" and "Fire It Up".
[edit] Extinction Level Event (Final World Front): 1998–1999
In 1998, Busta recorded Extinction Level Event (Final World Front). Its lead single, "Gimme Some More" — which sampled Bernard Herrmann's theme from Psycho — reached number 6 in the UK singles chart in January 1999. Busta enjoyed further transatlantic success in April when the single "What's It Gonna Be?!", featuring Janet Jackson, reached the US and UK Top 11. The album received prominent notice for featuring the fastest rapping Busta has ever performed, particularly on a song called "Iz They Wildin Wit Us?", featuring a guest appearance by Mystikal.[1]
J/Arista/BMG[link]
- Anarchy & Genesis (2000-2001)
In 2000, Busta recorded his final album for Elektra, entitled Anarchy. After Busta signed to J Records, a label started by the then recently ousted Arista Records chief and founder Clive Davis, he released a greatest hits collection[citation needed] alongside a new album of original work. Continuing the Biblical theme of his previous albums, he titled his record Genesis. The album featured collaborations with Mary J. Blige, P. Diddy, Kelis, and others. Genesis was powered by the hit single with Kelis, "What It Is", and his solo single released in November 2001, "Break Ya Neck". The final single was the summer smash "Pass the Courvoisier, Part II", which featured Pharrell and P. Diddy. Despite the success of the two singles, this album did not sell as well as previous releases.
- It Aint Safe No More (2002-2004)
In 2002, Busta released his sixth studio album It Ain't Safe No More. The album was moderately successful, with a hit song featuring Mariah Carey and the Flipmode Squad called "I Know What You Want". Another hit song was "Make It Clap", featuring Spliff Starr. The remix of "Make It Clap" featured Sean Paul. After its release, he left J Records. In 2004, he signed with Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment.
Aftermath/Interscope[link]
- The Big Bang (2006)
His seventh studio album, The Big Bang, became the first #1 album of his career. The CD sold over 209,000 copies in its first week to earn the top spot on The Billboard Top 200.[9] The album also became his highest charting album in the UK, peaking at #19. Some of the album was leaked on the Internet, and as a result several songs were left off the album and new ones added. The Big Bang featured more production by Dr. Dre than Busta's previous releases, as well as appearances by Raekwon and Nas. The singles that have been released from the album are, "Touch It", "I Love My Bitch", featuring Kelis and Will.I.Am, "New York Shit", featuring Swizz Beatz and "In The Ghetto". Busta also had a stint opening for Mariah Carey's The Adventures of Mimi Tour. Also, Busta performed with Eminem on "Touch It Remix Part 5" and performed a verse on the aforementioned rapper's song, "I'll Hurt You". On July 17, 2008, Busta left Interscope/Aftermath due to a creative clash with Interscope head Jimmy Iovine.
Universal Motown[link]
- Back on My B.S. (2007-2009)
He also made a song featuring Linkin Park called "We Made It". It was later revealed that Busta inked a deal with Universal Motown, who released his eighth studio album, Back on My B.S., on May 19, 2009.[10] He also appeared on Asher Roth's debut album, Asleep in the Bread Aisle. The album debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200, selling 56,000 copies, and was his first album to not receive an RIAA certification, selling 122,000 copies to date. The singles that have been released from the album are, "Arab Money", featuring Ron Browz, "Hustler's Anthem '09", featuring T-Pain and "Respect My Conglomerate". The song "World Go Round", featuring British singer Estelle, was released in France on April 6, 2009 due to the heavy rotation of a leaked version. The single was released in the UK on July 13, 2009. Due to controversial content, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has banned the album. Back on My B.S. was released internationally, but because of one song, "Arab Money", it is not available to buy as a CD there (however, the album can still be purchased via iTunes). According to the National Media Council, the lyrics were considered to be offensive to Arabs and to Islam, and permission for distribution was therefore denied. Some DJs, artists and fans have lambasted the track, saying it portrayed Arabs in a stereotypical way. The first part out of three of the remix by Rhymes contains verses from the Quran. In November, when "Arab Money" was released as a single, DJ Dany Neville and the Iraqi rapper The Narcicyst responded by recorded a reply. Busta later apologized. DJs in the country said they had not received an order banning the record from being spun in nightclubs, and they had mixed feelings on whether the record was offensive or not.[11] DJ Saif of Dubai said:
| “ | I don't play 'Arab Money' because it's disrespectful on Arabs. I don't think there is a ban on playing it in clubs, but many here don't play it anyway.[11] | ” |
Emirati DJ DJ Bliss, refused to play the Busta Rhymes' single called Arab Money on Radio 1 in Dubai after it was banned in the UAE for offense to Arabs along with many other Dj's in the United Arab Emirates that also took a stand. He added:
| “ | I used to play the original version in the club, but out of respect for the laws here in my country, I haven’t played it since.[11] | ” |
[edit] Conglomerate Records / Cash Money Records & Extinction Level Event 2 (2010-present)
Busta announced that he was working on his tenth studio album, alongside Canadian producer Boi-1da, entitled The Chemo. He says that his next project is 80 percent finished.[12] Busta has reportedly changed the title of his forthcoming Chemo album to Extinction.Level.Event.2 (E.L.E. 2).[13] Some new songs are being considered for the album, including "C'mon (Catch 'Em By Surprise) by Tiësto and Diplo and "Look at Me Now" alongside Chris Brown and Lil Wayne. The trend of album sequels continues with Busta adding another chapter to his 1998 opus E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front. Busta's manager Chris Lighty sent out the message via Twitter. He said; "Extinction.Level.Event 2 ......prepare yourself." Like the first, E.L.E. 2 is inspired by movies of impending destruction on planet Earth, Lighty said; "From the Intro of the new Busta Album you're going to know you're in trouble and you just turned on 2012 the movie on warp speed,".
DJ Premier, in an August 6, 2010 interview on Conspiracy Worldwide Radio said Busta Rhymes has received over eight beats which he didn't want to use but Premier hoped his next beat would be chosen for inclusion on the album.[14] On DJ Premier's Live From Headqcourterz radio show Premier confirmed that one of his beats were to be included in E.L.E. 2. In 2010, Busta Rhymes formed his new label Conglomerate Records (With later on having rosters such as N.O.R.E., and Spliff Star). He was featured on C'mon (Catch 'Em By Surprise) by Tiësto and Diplo.
In 2011, Rhymes recorded "Look at Me Now" with Chris Brown and Lil Wayne on Brown's fourth album, F.A.M.E., the song has received favorable reviews regarding Rhymes guest verse on the song, and is his highest chart entry on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number six, while reaching number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, becoming his first #1 on that chart. On September 7, 2011, Rhymes received six nominations for the BET Hip Hop Awards, held on October 11, 2011.
On May 1, 2011 Rhymes appeared on the launch show for MNET's Big Brother Africa 6: Amplified and performed some of his songs.
In 2011, Busta Rhymes performed at the Gathering of the Juggalos.[15]
Rhymes contributed to the 2011 Tech N9ne album "All 6's and 7's". The single "Worldwide Choppers" was released on May 31st, 2011.[16]
Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber will feature Busta on a song called "Drummer Boy" off Bieber's sophomore studio album, Under the Mistletoe, released on 1 November 2011.[17]
On November 11, 2011, a Heavy D tribute song titled "You Ain’t Gotta Wait Till I’m Gone" was leaked.[18]
On November 16, 2011, it was announced that Busta Rhymes and Mystikal signed to Cash Money Records.[19] On June 08, 2010, way before he was signed by Birdman, he released "Stop the Party (Iron Man)" which featured Swizz Beatz. For his debut single on the Cash Money label and his Conglomerate Records, he reunites with Chris Brown to make the aggressive single known as Why Stop Now.
In 2012, Busta collaborated with Jodie Connor, featuring on her single "Take You There", however he did not appear in the music video.
A song with Twista, titled "Can You Keep Up" was leaked.
Acting Career[link]
Busta has appeared in a number of films (including Shaft, The Rugrats Movie, Halloween: Resurrection, and Higher Learning) and TV shows (including Cosby, The Boondocks, and The Steve Harvey Show).[20][21][22][23][24]
Personal life[link]
Busta has three children with his ex-girlfriend, Joanne Wood: T'Ziah (born 1993), T'Khi (born 1999), and Trillian (born 2000).
Religion[link]
On September 2, 2007, a video was uploaded on Liveleak.com about Rhymes having converted to Islam.[25] He himself has said that he lives his life by Islam, stating he is Muslim and loves Allah.
Legal issues[link]
On August 20, 2006, he was arraigned for charges of third-degree assault after attacking a man who reportedly spat on his car in New York City on August 12 after the AmsterJam Music Festival on Randall's Island.[26]
On October 24, 2006, he appeared at Manhattan Criminal Court as the district attorney's office attempted to amend previous charges against him to include weapons possession for a machete found in his car. The judge refused to add the charge and adjourned the case.[27][28]
On February 20, 2007, Busta refused a plea deal offered by the prosecutors office for the assault of his former driver, Edward Hatchett. The deal would have entailed six months in jail and pleading guilty to two assaults, the attack on Hatchett, and the attack on the former fan. The dispute with Hatchett is believed to have originated over back pay Hatchett felt he was owed. Manhattan Criminal Court Judge Becki Rowe offered Busta another option, pleading guilty to third-degree assault. The conditions of the proposed sentence would include five days of community service, two weeks of youth lectures and six months of anger management classes, as well as three years of probation. On March 18, 2008 a judge in New York City sentenced Busta to three years' probation, 10 days' community service, $1250 in fines (plus court costs), and to enroll in a drunken driving program.[28][29][30][31]
On September 25, 2008, he was temporarily refused entry to the United Kingdom due to "unresolved convictions".[32]
On October 14, 2009, a Brooklyn judge ordered Busta to pay a concert goer $75,000 in compensation for an assault which occurred in 2003.[33]
Discography[link]
Main article: Busta Rhymes discography
- The Coming (1996)
- When Disaster Strikes... (1997)
- E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front (1998)
- Anarchy (2000)
- Genesis (2001)
- It Ain't Safe No More... (2002)
- The Big Bang (2006)
- Back on My B.S. (2009)
- E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event) 2: End of the World (TBA)
Awards and nominations[link]
Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 11 Grammy Awards during his 16-year solo career.
Grammy Awards
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | "Woo-Hah! Got You All in Check" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 1999 | "Dangerous" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 2000 | "Gimme Some More" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 2000 | "What's It Gonna Be?" | Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group | Nominated |
| 2000 | E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front | Best Rap Album | Nominated |
| 2001 | "Fire" | Best Music Video, Short Form | Nominated |
| 2003 | "Pass the Courvoisier Pt. 2" | Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group | Nominated |
| 2007 | "Touch It" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 2012 | "Look At Me Now" | Best Rap Performance | Nominated |
| 2012 | "Look At Me Now" | Best Rap Song | Nominated |
Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 10 MTV Video Music Awards during his 16-year solo career, but has yet to win one.
MTV Video Music Awards
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | "Woo-Hah! Got You All in Check" | Best Breakthrough Video | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Rap Video | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Male Video | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Breakthrough Video | Nominated |
| 1999 | "What's It Gonna Be?" | Best Hip-Hop Video | Nominated |
| 1999 | "Gimme Some More" | Best Breakthrough Video | Nominated |
| 2002 | "Pass the Courvoisier Pt. 2" | Best Hip-Hop Video | Nominated |
| 2003 | "I Know What You Want" | Best Hip-Hop Video | Nominated |
| 2006 | "Touch It" | Best Rap Video | Nominated |
| 2006 | "Touch It" | Best Male Video | Nominated |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b Bush, John (1972-05-20). "allmusic Biography". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p61282/biography. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Top 50 MCs of Our Time: 1987 - 2007 - 50 Greatest Emcees of Our Time". Rap.about.com. 2012-01-26. http://rap.about.com/od/toppicks/ss/Top50Emcees_3.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ Huey, Steve (2000-06-20). "Anarchy - Busta Rhymes". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/anarchy-r486345/review. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Biography". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/61/Busta-Rhymes.html. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ Century, Douglas (January 26, 2002). "Rhymes and reason". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2002/jan/26/weekend7.weekend2. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
- ^ "Mom of star rapper Busta Rhymes loses 145 pounds, shows there's hope for others fighting obesity". Jet. 2004. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_21_106/ai_n7580052/.
- ^ Young, Kevin. Unwrapping the Message. Bookforum. Accessed November 16, 2010.
- ^ "All Music - The Big Bang". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r834513/charts-awards.
- ^ Exclusive: Busta Rhymes Signs with Universal Motown. Rap-up.com.'.' Retrieved September 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Busta Rhymes album banned over track that quotes Quran - The National Newspaper". Thenational.ae. 2009-05-28. http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090529/NATIONAL/705289848/1010. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Brings Chemo To Hip Hop | Busta Rhymes". Rap Basement. 2009-09-02. http://www.rapbasement.com/busta-rhymes/090209-busta-rhymes-says-hes-80-percent-done-with-new-the-chemo-album.html. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Changes Title Of New Album | Busta Rhymes". Rap Basement. 2010-05-10. http://www.rapbasement.com/busta-rhymes/051010-busta-rhymes-changes-title-of-new-album-from-chemo-to-extinction-level-event-2-watch-here.html. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "DJ Premier talks of Busta Rhymes on Conspiracy Worldwide Radio Aug 6th 2010". Conspiracyworldwide.podomatic.com. 2010-08-07. http://conspiracyworldwide.podomatic.com/entry/index/2010-08-07T11_24_08-07_00. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Video: 2011 Gathering Of The Juggalos Infomercial". Ilpvideo.com. 2011-06-18. http://ilpvideo.com/video.php?v=MjQ5NjA. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ ""Worldwide Choppers" single on iTunes". http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/worldwide-choppers-feat-d/id438708422. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Unwraps ‘Mistletoe’ Tracklisting with Mariah Carey, Usher, & Busta Rhymes". Rap-Up.com. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/05/justin-bieber-unwraps-mistletoe-tracklisting-with-mariah-carey-usher-busta-rhymes/. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ "You Ain't Gotta Wait Til I'm Gone (Heavy D Tribute)". HipHopDX.com. 2011-11-11. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/singles/id.17612/title.busta-rhymes-you-aint-gotta-wait-til-im-gone-heavy-d-tribute. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ^ "New Music: Busta Rhymes x Chris Brown 'Why Stop Now'". RapRadar.com. 2011-11-16. http://rapradar.com/2011/11/16/new-music-busta-rhymes-x-chris-brown-why-stop-now/. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ^ http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426758/busta-rhymes-expands-film-resume-with-shaft-madonna-projects.jhtml
- ^ http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/4/28/o-busta-where-art-thou-in/
- ^ http://www.bet.com/topics/b/busta-rhymes.html
- ^ http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,322706,00.html
- ^ http://bossip.com/100124/busta-rhymes-would-gladly-trade-rap-for-tv-career
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Converts to Islam". liveleak.com. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=c68_1188723453&c=1. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
- ^ P-I staff, news services (2006-08-21). "People in the News: Busta Rhymes busted". Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Hearst Corporation). http://www.seattlepi.com/people/281942_people21.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ Hartocollis, Anemona (October 25, 2006). "Rappers Come and Go, Serving Justice and Their Fans". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/nyregion/25rap.html?_r=1&ref=nyregion&oref=slogin. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
- ^ a b "Rapper Busta Rhymes considers judge’s plea offer". Boston Herald. February 20, 2007. http://thetrack.bostonherald.com/moreTrack/view.bg?articleid=183987. [dead link]
- ^ "Rapper Busta Rhymes considers plea deal for misdemeanor assault with no jail time". Court TV. February 21, 2007. http://www.courttv.com/people/2007/0220/busta_rhymes_ap.html.
- ^ Gregorian, Dareh (February 21, 2007). "Rhymes Could 'Beat' The Rap". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/02212007/news/regionalnews/rhymes_could_beat_the_rap_regionalnews_dareh_gregorian.htm.
- ^ Woo Hah! Judge's Got Busta All in Check! - TMZ.com - Entertainment News, Celebrity Gossip and Hollywood Rumors
- ^ "Rapper Rhymes detained at airport". BBC. September 25, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7635992.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
- ^ Demarche, Edmund; Sanderson, Bill (December 4, 2009). "Busta fined 75G for fan assault". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/brooklyn/busta_fined_for_fan_assault_hzaq1jj4lxauqfulTytkuI.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Busta Rhymes |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Busta Rhymes |
- Busta Rhymes at MTV
- Busta Rhymes at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Busta Rhymes |
| Alternative names | Smith, Trevor Taheim, Jr. |
| Short description | Rapper, hip hop musician |
| Date of birth | 5/20/1972 |
| Place of birth | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Busta_Rhymes
Related pages:
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busta_Rhymes
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Jack Bauer, see Jack Bauer (disambiguation).
| Jack Bauer | |
|---|---|
| 24 character | |
| 200px Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer |
|
| Portrayed by | Kiefer Sutherland |
| Appearances | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
| Other Appearances | 24: The Game 24: Redemption |
Jack Bauer is the protagonist of the American television series 24. His character has worked in various capacities on the show, often as a member of the fictional Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU) based in Los Angeles, and working with the FBI in Washington, D.C. during season 7. Within the 24 storyline, Bauer is a key member of CTU and is often portrayed as their most capable agent. Bauer's job usually involves helping prevent major terrorist attacks on the United States, saving both civilian lives and government administrations. On many occasions Jack does so at great personal expense, as those he thwarts subsequently target him and his loved ones. Bauer's frequent use of torture to gather information has generated much controversy and discussion. Entertainment Weekly named Jack Bauer one of The 20 All Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture.[1]
Actor Kiefer Sutherland portrays Jack Bauer in the television show[2] and video game. The television series ended on May 24, 2010 after 8 successful seasons. A feature film is now underway. TV Guide ranked him #49 on their list of "TV's Top 50 Heroes" and Sky 1 listed Jack as #1 on their list of "TV's toughest men".
Contents |
Concept and creation[link]
24 co-creator Joel Surnow commented that they did not have any actors in mind for the part; "We didn't really know who it was. We were casting a lot of people and then we heard Kiefer Sutherland's name and thought, that's Jack Bauer."[3] In 2000, Sutherland was contacted by his friend, director Stephen Hopkins, who was working on the pilot for the experimental real-time TV show and offered him the lead.[4] Initially Sutherland had reservations about playing Bauer, stating, "I thought, 'This is really clever and different, so there's no way they're going to pick it up. But I could use the money, and no one will ever see it'."[5]
Sutherland must produce around 24 hours of film each season, "which is like making 12 movies, so there are going to be mistakes along the way, but I am incredibly surprised by how many things work well as a result of working at that pace."[5]
In 2006, Sutherland signed a contract to play the role of Bauer for three seasons following season five. The contract was reported to be worth $40 million.[3] Sutherland is also an executive producer of 24.[6]
Characterization[link]
Jack Bauer was born in Santa Monica, California,[7] on February 18, 1966,[8] to Phillip Bauer, who placed his livelihood in his company, BXJ Technologies. The name of Jack's mother is unknown. Jack had one brother, Graem Bauer. Philip originally planned to give the company to Jack,[9] but as Jack said in Day 6, "I just had to go my own way."[10] Later on after leaving the U.S. Army, he married Teri Bauer, and later on had a child, named Kim Bauer.
Jack has a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Master of Science degree in Criminology and Law from the University of California, Berkeley.[11] He enlisted in the United States Army and later graduated from Officer Candidate School. He was a member of Delta Force and specialized in infantry operations. Among his awards and decorations are the Silver Star, the Purple Heart, and the Legion of Merit. He received Airborne, Air Assault, Ranger training. He left the Army in the rank of Captain after fifteen years of service. Following his military career, Jack worked for both the Los Angeles Police Department's Special Weapons and Tactics unit and for the Central Intelligence Agency as a case officer in the clandestine service. He was recruited into the Counter Terrorist Unit by Christopher Henderson.[12]
He has demonstrated a high proficiency with firearms (typically the SIG P229 or USP Compact), explosives, electronic devices, resistance to torture (after being kidnapped by Chinese agents, and tortured for almost two years, it is revealed he hasn't spoken a single word for the whole time). He is fluent in German (Season 8) and has demonstrated some ability to either speak or understand Spanish (Seasons 1 & 3), Russian (Season 6), Arabic (Season 8), and Serbian (Season 1). He is also shown to be capable of flying planes (Season 2) and helicopters (Seasons 3, 5 & 8).
Jack's final dialogue with Renee Walker in Season 7[13] offers insight into his perspective on torture and its ramifications:
| “ | I see fifteen people held hostage on a bus, and everything else goes out the window. I will do whatever it takes to save them, and I mean whatever it takes. ... Laws were written by much smarter men than me. And in the end, these laws have to be more important than the 15 people on the bus. I know that's right. In my mind, I know that's right. I just don't think my heart could ever have lived with it. | ” |
Appearances[link]
As the protagonist and central figure of 24, Jack Bauer is the only character to have appeared in all episodes of the series.
[edit] 24 Season 1
During season 1, Bauer's wife Teri and his daughter Kim are kidnapped by Victor Drazen, a man Bauer believes he killed in a covert mission called Operation Nightfall in Kosovo two years earlier. Jack must try to rescue them, while simultaneously preventing an assassination attempt on presidential-candidate Senator David Palmer. Erroneously believing that Kim is murdered by Drazen, Jack single-handedly kills Drazen and his associates in a fit of rage. As Bauer is returning to CTU, Nina Myers, whom he knows to be a traitor, kills Teri. Teri had overheard Nina's phone conversation about her escape plans, and Nina decided to kill Teri to make sure there aren't any witnesses. Jack cries with Teri in his arms to end the first season.
[edit] 24 Season 2
18 months after the events of Day 1 and the loss of his wife Teri, Jack is asked to be brought back into action by George Mason (the head of CTU at the time) and CTU at the request of the NSA. Jack, who is still seemingly overwhelmed by his wife's death and the fact that his daughter Kim disowns him, refuses as he holds CTU responsible for what happened to Teri. However, at the request of now-President Palmer (Jack's close friend), he goes to CTU, where he learns that there are terrorists in Los Angeles who plan to detonate a nuclear bomb in the city sometime within the course of that day. Thanks to Jack's work, the bomb is detonated in the Mojave Desert with only the life of George Mason, who is currently dying of radiation poisoning, ended. Jack then spends the remainder of the day working with CTU to find out who was really behind the nuclear bomb in order to prevent war in the Middle East.
[edit] 24 Season 3
Three years later, Jack returns from an undercover sting operation of Ramon Salazar, a Mexican drug lord. While the operation is a success and results in the arrest of Salazar, it comes at a heavy price. Bauer ends up with a heroin addiction in order to maintain his cover with the Salazars, and attempts to fight it by going "cold turkey". Ramon's brother, Hector, insists that Bauer be kept alive to buy the Cordilla virus and resell them to underground organizations worldwide for a one billion dollar profit. Eventually Bauer wins the trust of Ramon Salazar but learns that another buyer is in play, headed by Nina Myers. Nina won the virus and Jack has to prove to her that he hates CTU. Nina even makes Jack kiss her. The sale of the virus goes bad, but Nina Myers is taken into custody and is eventually executed by Bauer after he deems her useless. Kim was about to shoot Nina when Jack shoots her instead. He then learns that the man behind the distribution of the virus and the attacks is Stephen Saunders, one of Jack's former team members presumed dead from Operation: Nightfall in Kosovo. At one point Saunders threatens to use the virus if the President doesn't have CTU Regional Director, Ryan Chappelle killed. Chappelle is getting close to discovering Saunders has a daughter. The President reluctantly puts this on Jack. Jack utters the words "God forgive me" and carries out the execution per the President's orders. Eventually Jack and Chase Edmunds capture Saunders and retrieve the vials of virus. On their last retrieval, Jack is forced to make a decision to cut off Chase's hand using an axe to gain access to the final vial; Chase had fastened the device to his hand with a titanium clamp to prevent the escape of the suspect carrying it. After leaving the hospital following Chase's decision, Jack takes a moment in his parked SUV. For the last remaining minutes in the 24 hours since the day began, Jack sits alone in his car and cries over all the events he's had to endure, such as killing Chappelle.
[edit] 24 Season 4
Eighteen months later, Jack is fired by Erin Driscoll due to his heroin addiction acquired prior to Season 3. He finds employment with the Department of Defense and becomes involved in a relationship with Audrey Raines, the daughter of Secretary of Defense James Heller. Eighteen months after Day 3 Jack is called back in CTU to help them stop a terrorist mastermind named Habib Marwan. Audrey witnesses Jack interrogate her estranged husband Paul Raines, which makes her question whether or not she can be in a relationship with him. Jack is unable to stop Air Force One from being shot out of the sky with a stolen Stealth Fighter jet, leading Vice President Charles Logan to assume office. Later in the day, Jack is told by former President David Palmer, whom Logan brought in as an advisor, to invade the Chinese consulate and extract a man named Lee Jong who has key information. However, the Chinese consul was accidentally killed by the Chinese guards shooting at Bauer. Lee Jong was also injured during the raid, leading Jack to force doctors at CTU who had been operating on Paul Raines to sacrifice him in order to save Lee, much to Audrey's dismay. Jack and CTU are soon able to beat the clock and intercept the nuclear warhead that Marwan had targeted Los Angeles with. But the Chinese soon learn that Jack was behind the attack, forcing Jack to fake his own death and go into hiding in order to avoid being taken into Chinese custody.[14]
[edit] 24 Season 5
After Michelle Dessler and David Palmer are killed, and Tony Almeida is presumed dead by assassins, Jack is forced out of hiding. He discovers that the assassin's plot was to frame him for the murders. Chloe O'Brian is saved by Jack as assassins attempt to kill her as well. Jack interrogates the assassin and retrieves information that they were setting him up. Terrorists take over an airport terminal, but CTU learns that the hostage situation was a decoy to obtain military-grade Sentox nerve gas. Jack follows a series of leads which takes him to Christopher Henderson, a man Jack used to work under at CTU. Jack goes undercover when the terrorists try to release a canister at the Sunrise Hills shopping mall, and he stops the attempt against the orders of the President. Jack and CTU then are able to thwart the terrorists next attack by blowing up a natural gas facility the terrorists had used to circulate the nerve gas throughout the city. Jack eventually learns that it is President Charles Logan who is behind the day's events. Jack works and goes to great lengths to recover a recording implicating the President, going as far as to hijack an airplane that was carrying the person whom the recording had been passed off to. Eventually, Jack is able to directly confront the President. Though he is unable to get Logan to confess to his crimes, he places a micro transmitter in the President's pen, which leads to his downfall. At the end of the season Jack is captured and imprisoned by the Chinese for his actions from Day 4. It is speculated that the Chinese learned that Jack was still alive by President Logan, looking to cover his tracks and trying to prevent Jack from exposing him.
[edit] 24 Season 6
Over the last 11 weeks, the United States has been a target of non-stop terrorist attacks and bombings, in public buildings and transportation. Jack is released from China 20 months after his capture at the end of Day 5. It is revealed that he is being released only to be handed over to Abu Fayed who wants revenge on Jack who had killed his brother years earlier.[15] However, Jack manages to escape by biting out a man's jugular vein and tries to warn President Wayne Palmer of Hamri Al-Assad's innocence, a man whom Fayed convinced the US was behind the attacks. Jack saves Assad from an air strike, and the two are able to thwart a bombing attempt on a subway and rescue a civilian family held hostage. As the events unfold, painful memories of his murdered U.S. Army Green Berets team leads Curtis Manning to attempt to kill Assad, leaving Jack no choice but to shoot Curtis in order to get more of the information they need from Assad, sending Jack into an emotional state of overwhelming grief. Jack attempts to quit from CTU, but a nuclear bomb explodes, destroying Valencia, California. He realizes he cannot stop what he's doing until he stops Fayed once and for all. New leads point to an involvement with a company run by his father Phillip Bauer and brother Graem. Jack interrogates Graem for information, but before he can get a lead Phillip Bauer sees his son as too much of a risk to reveal his involvement and kills Graem himself (giving the impression Graem had a heart attack from the drugs). Jack discovers his father's involvement and trails him to a hotel, where he is holding his grandson (Jack's nephew) Josh Bauer hostage. Phillip agrees to trade Josh's life for Jack's. As Phillip is about to execute his son, Jack makes a last sentiment, claiming that he became what he did for his own reasons, and not to spite his father. Phillip leaves before shooting Jack, and leaves him a PDA with instructions to call a phone number belonging to Charles Logan. It is eventually revealed that a Russian general is involved with Fayed's plot, and Jack takes a Russian official hostage inside the Russian consulate, risking imprisonment for the same action he committed at the Chinese consulate years earlier. The official is found out to be in league with the terrorists, and Jack is not penalized for his actions by Russia. Eventually Jack manages to thwart Fayed's nuclear plans, killing him before any more bombs could detonate.
Jack is told that Audrey Raines died looking for him in China, but later discovers that she has actually been kidnapped by the Chinese. He completes an exchange with the Chinese and manages to save Audrey, as well as his nephew who gets mixed up in the events when Phillip Bauer returns. Audrey has lost her memory and does not remember Jack. Jack tearfully bids goodbye to Audrey after being told by her father, James Heller, that he cannot give her good enough care. The season ends with Jack staring out into the horizon, uncertain of his future.[16]
[edit] 24: Redemption
Looking for a place where he can 'be at peace', Jack finds himself traveling the world and eventually winds up in the fictional African nation of Sangala. Here, he stays with his old friend and former special forces colleague Carl Benton, who runs a school for rescued war orphans. During his stay in Sangala, Bauer is found and subsequently subpoenaed by a state department official to appear before a senate hearing to answer questions concerning his activities with CTU, for which he has been trying to avoid for more than a year.
When a sudden military coup takes place in the country, Jack helps Benton bring the orphans to the U.S. embassy so that they can leave the country and escape rebels who plan to turn them into child soldiers. After Benton is killed, Jack turns himself in to a subpoena executed by U.S. Marines and allows himself to be arrested at the embassy in order to let the children be removed from the war zone.
[edit] 24 Season 7
At 8 AM, Jack begins his day at a Senate Subcommittee hearing; Senator Blaine Meyer is conducting an investigation into the actions of CTU, and it is clear that he intends to make an example of Jack. Bauer is rescued by FBI agent Renee Walker, who needs his assistance to prevent a developing terrorist threat: an extremist group is attempting to take over American infrastructure, including power, water and air traffic control. Jack is needed because Tony Almeida (believed dead since season 5) is in fact alive and is assisting this group. Jack and Renee succeed in apprehending Tony, who reveals that he is helping Bill Buchanan and Chloe O'Brian to reveal a conspiracy embedded deep within the American government. This conspiracy is controlled by the dictator of Sangala, Gen. Benjamin Juma, who first sends a subordinate, Col. Ike Dubaku, to capture former Sengalan Prime Minister Ule Matobo, whom Juma deposed, and then stages an attack on the White House in the hopes of humiliating and eliminating President of the United States Allison Taylor. Jack, Tony, Bill and Renee, with support from Chloe and FBI agents Larry Moss and Janis Gold, are able to foil these efforts.
However, it becomes clear that Juma was not working alone: he had support from within America, in the form of a private military company called Starkwood. Juma and Starkwood CEO Jonas Hodges had collaborated to develop a bioweapon, a fast-acting strain of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, which Hodges attempts to use to force President Taylor to include him and Starkwood in the highest circles of American government. Fortunately, the bioagent is destroyed before deployment via Tony's efforts, with only one known victim: Jack himself, who was exposed to the prion while attempting to escape with it. FBI physicians predict death within two days; while an experimental treatment involving the stem cells of a family member does exist, it has a low probability of success. As Hodges is arrested, it becomes clear that he is but one link in a larger chain: the leaders of many American PMCs have been assisting his efforts, and had planned to use his bioweapon for similar purposes. Tony is revealed to be an agent of this inner circle when he escapes with the only remaining canister of bioweapon. Though his attempts to deploy it are foiled, he manages to escape custody when his allies capture Kim Bauer, who had flown to DC to watch the Senate hearings, and threaten her with death unless Jack breaks Tony out of FBI custody. Tony thereafter reveals that his actions ever since resurrection have revolved around Alan Wilson, leader of the PMC conspirators and the man who ordered the assassinations (as seen in the opening moments of season 5) of former president David Palmer, Chloe O'Brian, Tony himself and his wife Michelle Dessler, who, Tony reveals, was carrying their unborn child. Tony and Wilson are both remanded to federal custody, while Jack makes peace with his impending death, unaware that Kim has volunteered to provide stem cells for the experimental treatment.
Jack's emotional state is more central to the story than it has been in previous seasons. Though he and Senator Mayer begin the day with attitudes of mutual antagonism, Jack later visits him at his home for information on Starkwood (Mayer had been investigating Starkwood as well as CTU), and the two come to an understanding: both of them want to live in a world where Jack's methods are unnecessary, even though they have somewhat different means of bringing that world to fruition. He wins the respect of a Muslim imam, Muhtadi Gohar, while attempting to apprehend a terror suspect (whom Tony had framed), and in fact turns to Gohar for spiritual guidance at the end of his life. He is able to make peace with Kim, despite the many years and pains between them. However, his most notable emotional relationship is with Renee Walker, who quickly establishes her willingness to abide by the law when she allows Jack to torture a suspect who may be protecting Almeida. Renee is possessed of the same hatred of injustice as Jack, but is very hesitant to employ the methods he uses; the two characters personify the debate that has raged on the show (and about it) for many years: whether the ends justify the means. The final important revelation offered this season was that Jack by no means believes the law to be unnecessary or weak, stating that he "know[s] that these laws have to be more important" than the often few people he is trying to save (one must assume that 24 only reveals rare exceptions, and that in the "regular/workday" life of CTU, the targets are much smaller); however, despite this belief, he contends that his "heart couldn't live with" sacrificing innocent persons, however few (the example he cites is "fifteen people on a bus"), for the sake of maintaining some abstract law or legal fiction.
[edit] 24 Season 8
Main article: 24 (season 8)
As season 8 started Jack Bauer was sitting with his granddaughter and watching TV. His daughter Kim asked if he wanted to come back to Los Angeles with her, he said yes.
On learning of an assassination attempt on Kamistani President Omar Hassan prior to peace talks with Russia, Jack contacts Chloe O'Brian at CTU. They learn that someone very close to Hassan is the suspected assassin. When Chloe asks for Jack's help, he says that he is done, but his daughter persuades him to help CTU foil the assassination attempt. The bomber is identified as one of the security personnel and Jack saves Hassan by killing the bomber.
Farhad Hassan (brother and Chief of Staff to Omar Hassan) is closely involved in the assassination as well as with smuggling nuclear fuel rods. This latter subplot involves Jack and Renee Walker going undercover to try and identify the location of the rods. Samir Mehran has the rods and wants to use them as leverage (as dirty bombs) to capture President Hassan. President Taylor asked Jack to protect President Hassan, but Hassan surrenders himself to Mehran to protect innocent lives being lost. Hassan is executed leaving Jack to apologise to President Taylor for his failure.
Jack and Walker return to his apartment and after a passionate moment together finds the two looking to their future, she is shot by a sniper (hired by the Russian foreign minister, Mikhail Novakovich). Renee dies shortly after in the hospital with a distraught Jack looking on. With revenge his only concern, Bauer attempts to interrogate Dana Walsh (a CTU mole), but President Taylor intercedes and orders that Jack be transferred to McGuire Air Force Base. In transit, he hijacks a helicopter and immediately tracks down an old friend, Jim Ricker, to supply him with weapons.
As he tracks Walsh, Jack is crossed by Chloe, nevertheless he finds Walsh and discovers the Russian involvement in the conspiracy behind President Hassan's death. Jack kills Walsh in cold blood after her failed attempt to escape with the information. This also leads him to Pavel Tokarev, the sniper who killed Renee. After brutally torturing Tokarev, Jack realises that the information he needs to discover the full extent of the conspiracy is on a phone SIM card, swallowed by Tokarev. Tokarev dies as Jack evicerates him and retrieves the card from his stomach. Tokarev's last contact was with former President Charles Logan. Jack captures Logan who leads him to Novakovitch, but unknown to Logan, Jack had placed a bug on him. After tracking down and eliminating Novakovich and his bodyguards, Jack then, via the bug, discovers that Logan is conspiring directly with Russian President Yuri Suvarov.
In the final hour of the series, Jack sets up an operation to take down Suvarov by having Logan ask Suvarov to come to his residence. Jack sits across in the next building with a sniper rifle aimed straight at Logan's room. However, before he has a chance to pull the trigger, Chloe intervenes, saying that they can use the recording Jack made of Logan and Suvarov's conversation as evidence. Jack agrees and gives her the recording. He then forces her to shoot him to avoid suspicion. As Jack is being transported to CTU, Logan (under the indirect authorization of President Taylor) arranges for his ambulance to be ambushed. In the final scene of the show, Jack is taken to a construction site to be killed. However, the agent charged with killing Jack receives a phone call from President Taylor, who had found them through a CTU drone via Chloe, Arlo, and Cole's help. Taylor orders the agents to stand down and release Jack.
In the final moments, Jack contacts Chloe at CTU. Still watching him on the drone, Chloe tells Jack that she and Taylor are buying time for him to flee the country, as he will now be pursued by both Russian and American agents for the events of the past hours and the revelation of the Russian conspiracy. Jack looks towards Chloe (at the drone), and tells her to protect Kim and her family because anyone that comes after him will try to use her to lure him out of hiding. Chloe promises to keep them safe and before running off, Jack tells Chloe that when she first came to CTU, he never once thought it was going to be her who had his back all these years. He thanks her and then begins running away (which leaves the story open for the feature film), as Chloe tells Arlo to shut down the drone. The camera focuses and fades out on Jack's face one last time before the final clock, the only clock in all 8 seasons to count down from 3 seconds to 0.
Other appearances[link]
As the principal character in 24, Jack plays a prominent role in the television series as well as the video game. Jack is the main protagonist of the 24 series and the books, and has appeared in every episode to date. Kiefer Sutherland has portrayed Jack Bauer in these episodes, including the prequels and the webisodes. Additionally, he voiced the same character in 24: The Game, 24: Day Zero and 24: DVD Board Game.
24 Prequels[link]
Jack Bauer is also featured in all four prequels, that can be found on the 24 DVD releases and various websites. These prequels are designed to bridge the gap between seasons. They provide backstory into story arcs for upcoming seasons, namely insight into what Jack's actions have been leading up to the next season. Prequels have been made for Seasons 4, 5, 6, and 7.
24 Webisodes[link]
24: Day 6 Debrief takes place 35 hours after the nuclear device exploded in Valencia, California. The series consists of 5 segments, no longer than three minutes in length each. Two agents, Agent Ramirez and Agent Moss, track Jack down to a hotel room and ask him to come to District for debriefing about the recovery of the tactical nukes. The Debrief consists of Agent Ramirez and other agents attempting to discover more about the supposed-death of an undercover agent, Marcus Holt, who disappeared shortly after Jack's imprisonment in China at the hands of Cheng Zhi. Since Holt was involved with the Chinese government, it is believed that Jack leaked information that led to his identity being discovered and execution. At the end of the series, the agents announce that they have no conclusive evidence about his involvement, but Ramirez promises to keep a close eye on him until he is certain. Jack tells Ramirez that if he ever sees him again, he better say "The Lord's Prayer", because it will mean he's come to kill him.
With that, Bauer is released from custody and the interrogation ends.
24: The Game[link]
File:24thegamejackbauer2.jpg
Bauer in 24: The Game, which takes place six months after Day 2.
24: The Game takes place between Day 2 and 3. Jack begins waiting outside a ship where terrorists are going to release a ricin bomb in the water supply. A CTU Team triggers an alarm causing Jack and his team to storm the ship. Jack and his team finds the whole ship's crew dead in a cargo hold. He runs into Peter Madsen, an enemy from his past. It is unclear what the story is between them, but it is stated that he framed Jack's family for a vile crime, this is hinted with Jack saying to him: "Eight years ago, my family was not involved". Madsen also states that he no longer takes orders from Jack. It's hinted that Madsen was under Jack's command either in the army or in a SWAT team, and Madsen betrayed Jack. Madsen kidnaps Jack's daughter Kim, and later Kate Warner. Jack finally kills Madsen near the end of the game when he tries to escape by shooting up his speedboat with a Zastava M80 assault rifle, causing it to explode. He also kills Max, who was holding Kate hostage, saving her life. However Max managed to shoot Jack once before dying, the second of two times he was shot in the final hour of the game, the first time by Madsen. As a result, Chase Edmunds takes Jack to the hospital via helicopter.
24 Toys[link]
Diamond Select Toys released 1/6 scale figures based on Jack Bauer:
- 2008- Jack Bauer 8:00 AM
- 2009- Jack Bauer 3:00 PM Season 1
- 2009- Jack Bauer 9:00 PM Season 1
Diamond Select Toys released 1/24 scale Minimates based on 24:
- 2007- Season 1 Box Set (Jack Bauer, Nina Myers, David Palmer, Kim Bauer)
- 2007- End of Day 1 Two-Pack, PX Exclusive (Jack Bauer, Andre Drazen)
- 2007- Season 2 Box Set (Season 2 Jack Bauer, Tony Almeda, Michelle Dessler, George Mason)
- 2007- End of Day 2 Two-Pack, Suncoast/FYE Exclusive (Stretcher Jack Bauer, Prisoner Nina Myers)
- Canceled- Season 3 Box Set (Undercover Jack Bauer, Sherry Palmer, Chloe O'Brien, Chase Edmunds)
- Canceled- End of Day 3 Two-Pack (Jack Bauer, Stephen Saunders)
Enterbay released 1/6 scale figures based on 24:
- 2009- Jack Bauer
- 2009- President David Palmer
McFarlane Toys released 1/12 scale figures based on Jack Bauer:
- 2007- Jack Bauer Boxed Set 1
- 2007- Jack Bauer Boxed Set 2
Medicom Toy (Japan) released 1/6 scale figures based on Jack Bauer in their Real Action Heroes line:
- 2005- Jack Bauer (Suit) Season 4 7:00 am – 8:00 am
- 2005- Jack Bauer (Tac) Season 4 11:00 am – 12:00 pm
- 2007- Jack Bauer Season 5
24 comic books[link]
IDW has released a series of comic books based on the adventures of Jack Bauer and other members of the 24 Cast. 24's Comic License is published by IDW Publishing
- 24: Nightfall — A tale shedding more light on the background and characters of Day 1, including Victor Drazen. Written by J. C. Vaughn and Mark L. Haynes
- 24: Cold Warriors — An original tale of intrigue featuring Jack Bauer and Chloe O'Brian, set in Alaska. Written by Beau Smith and Steve Bryant
[edit] The Simpsons
Jack Bauer appeared in the season 18 episode 24 Minutes of The Simpsons. In the episode, he is accidentally called by Bart in the middle of a shooting, who then plays a prank call on him. Enraged, he reappears at the end of the episode, having called all agents of his organization and abandoning his mission to hunt Bart down and arrest him. A nuclear bomb then goes off in the distance, but everyone sighs with relief after Bauer reassures them that the nuclear bomb went off in Shelbyville.
Critical reception[link]
Having won an Emmy Award (with 5 other nominations), a Golden Globe (with 4 other nominations), two SAG Awards (with 3 other nominations) and two Satellite Awards, Kiefer Sutherland's performance as Jack Bauer became (award-wise) the second most acclaimed Male Lead Dramatic TV performance of the 2000s behind only James Gandolfini (with 3 Emmys, 1 Golden Globe and 3 SAG Awards). He is also the only Male Lead Drama TV Actor ever to have won all 4 awards.
Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "When Kiefer Sutherland's 24 superagent barks "Dammit, Chloe—we're running out of time!" America's ass is about to be saved in some new, heart-stopping way."[17]
American politicians and lawyers have taken to using Jack Bauer and his actions to frame the debate on American interrogation techniques (in this case, "torture"), which have become an object of intense controversy.[18][19]
For example, at a legal conference in Ottawa, Canada, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia took offense at a Canadian judge's remark that Canada did not consider what Jack Bauer would do when setting policy. Scalia shot back: "Jack Bauer saved Los Angeles.... He saved hundreds of thousands of lives... Are you going to convict Jack Bauer? Say that criminal law is against him? 'You have the right to a jury trial?' Is any jury going to convict Jack Bauer? I don't think so."[20]
References[link]
- ^ "Entertainment Weekly's 20 All Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20268279_5,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
- ^ Ken Tucker, “24: Mondays, 9 p.m., premiering Sunday, Jan. 11, at 8 p.m.,” Entertainment Weekly 1o30 (January 16, 2009): 56.
- ^ a b Stephen M. Silverman (2004-10-06). "Kiefer Sutherland: $40 Million Man". http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1181709,00.html. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
- ^ Hedegaard, Erik (2006-04-20). "Kiefer Sutherland: Heart of Darkness". Rolling Stone Magazine. http://www.linter.org/stories/keifergood.html. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ a b Joel Schumacher (2004-02-01). "Kiefer Sutherland: he's been around Hollywood for more than 20 years, but these days, this bold talent has them counting the minutes". Interview. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20090120152603/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1285/is_1_34/ai_112482982/pg_2. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ Jenna Fryer (2004-01-01). "24 SEASON 3 Q&A with JOEL SURNOW, ROBERT COCHRAN and HOWARD GORDON". Phase 9 Movies. http://www.phase9.tv/moviefeatures/24season3q&a-joelsurnow2.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ Cerasini, Marc (2003). 24: The House Special Subcommittee's Findings atCTU (First ed.). Harper Collins. p. 7. ISBN 0-06-053550-4.
- ^ Writer: Howard Gordon, director: Brad Turner (2007-05-28). "Debrief #2: 09:42:22". 24. season 6 Debrief.
- ^ Writer: Howard Gordon, director: Jon Cassar (2007-02-05). "12:00 pm - 1:00 pm". 24. episode 127. season 6.
- ^ Writer: Howard Gordon, director: Brad Turner (2007-02-19). "3:00 pm - 4:00 pm". 24. episode 130. season 6.
- ^ "FOX Broadcasting Company: 24". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20080404011647/www.fox.com/24/profiles/jb.htm.
- ^ Writer: Joel Surnow, director: Tim Iacofano (2006-02-27). "4:00 pm - 5:00 pm". 24. episode 106. season 5.
- ^ Writer: Manny Coto & Brannon Braga, director: Jon Cassar (2009-05-18). "7:00 am - 8:00 am". 24. episode 168. season 7.
- ^ Writers: Robert Cochran and Howard Gordon, director: Jon Cassar (2005-05-23). "6:00am-7:00am". 24. episode 96. season 4.
- ^ Writer: Howard Gordon, director: Jon Cassar (2007-01-14). "6:00am-7:00am". 24. episode 121. season 6.
- ^ Writers: Robert Cochran, Manny Coto and David Fury, director: Brad Turner (2007-05-21). "5:00am-6:00am". 24. episode 144. season 6.
- ^ Geier, Thom; Jensen, Jeff; Jordan, Tina; Lyons, Margaret; Markovitz, Adam; Nashawaty, Chris; Pastorek, Whitney; Rice, Lynette; Rottenberg, Josh; Schwartz, Missy; Slezak, Michael; Snierson, Dan; Stack, Tim; Stroup, Kate; Tucker, Ken; Vary, Adam B.; Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Ward, Kate (December 11, 2009), "THE 100 Greatest MOVIES, TV SHOWS, ALBUMS, BOOKS, CHARACTERS, SCENES, EPISODES, SONGS, DRESSES, MUSIC VIDEOS, AND TRENDS THAT ENTERTAINED US OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS". Also, in the web series Key of Awesome, the main character has a man crush on Jack Bauer, but is not gay. Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080):74-84
- ^ Froomkin, Dan (2008-04-21). "Duped About Torture". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/blog/2008/04/21/BL2008042101378_pf.html. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
- ^ Sands, Phillip (2008-04-19). "Stress, hooding, noise, nudity, dogs". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/apr/19/humanrights.interrogationtechniques. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
- ^ Lattman, Peter (June 20, 2007). "Justice Scalia Hearts Jack Bauer". Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/06/20/justice-scalia-hearts-jack-bauer/. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
External links[link]
- "Jack Bauer's Official Character Profile". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20080404011647/www.fox.com/24/profiles/jb.htm.
- Classic Jack Bauer Pictures and Quotes
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
