Ford Ka

Sunday, 13 January 2013

Ogilvy London's ad for the new Ford Ka (to be launched in February) is something of a puzzle - quite literally! How many Kas can you spot? There are 80 in this ad!

Ford Ka 1.0 - Show cars 24/05/09 parte 1

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Boreham
Coordinates: 51°45′36″N 0°32′31″E / 51.759978°N 0.5420208°E / 51.759978; 0.5420208
Boreham is a village and civil parish, in Essex, England. It is located approximately 6 km (3.7 mi) northeast from the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the borough of Chelmsford and parliamentary constituency of Saffron Walden.
The parish of Boreham is ancient, and the village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Borham.
Local legend holds that highwayman Dick Turpin rode the A12 on his famous ride from London to York, although historians now believe the ride never occurred.
In the 1930s Boreham House and 3,000 acres (12 km²) of land surrounding it was bought by car magnate Henry Ford. In addition to using the house as a school for training Ford tractor mechanics, the company's British chairman, Lord Perry, established Fordson Estates Limited there, and founded the Henry Ford Institute of Agricultural Engineering, an agricultural college. The house also served as the temporary home for the National College of Agricultural Engineering in 1962. This moved to Silsoe, Bedfordshire as Silsoe College later joining with Cranfield University. The Silsoe campus closed at the end of 2007.

wn.com/Boreham
Brazil
Brazil ⁱ/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.

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Essex
Essex ( /ˈɛsɨks/) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west. Essex County Council is the principal local authority for much of the county, sharing functions with twelve district councils. The county town is Chelmsford. The southern Essex boroughs of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea are governed separately as unitary authorities. It was established in antiquity and formed the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Essex. Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which prohibits development. It is the location of the regionally significant Lakeside Shopping Centre and London Stansted Airport; and the new towns of Basildon and Harlow.
The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Old English Ēastseaxe (i.e. the "East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons. Originally (in 527 AD) it occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and most of what later became Hertfordshire, though its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea.Colchester in the north east of the county is Britain's oldest recorded town, dating back to before the Roman conquest, when it was known as Camulodunum and was sufficiently well-developed to have its own mint. Subsequently the Kingdom of Essex was subsumed into the Kingdom of England and Essex eventually became a county.

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Fiat
Fiat S.p.A., (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino) (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin), is an Italian automobile manufacturer based in Turin. Fiat was founded in 1899 by a group of investors including Giovanni Agnelli. During its more than a century long history, Fiat has also manufactured railway engines and carriages, military vehicles, and aircraft. As of 2009, the Fiat group (not inclusive of its subsidiary Chrysler) was the world's ninth largest carmaker and the largest in Italy.
Fiat-based cars are built around the world. Outside Italy, the largest country of production is Brazil, where the Fiat brand is the market leader. The group also has factories in Argentina and Poland and a long history of licensing production of its products in other countries. It also has numerous alliances and joint ventures around the world, the main ones being located in Italy, France, Turkey, Serbia, India and China.
Agnelli's grandson Gianni Agnelli was Fiat's chairman from 1966 until 1996; he then served as honorary chairman from 1996 until his death on 24 January 2003, during which time Cesare Romiti served as chairman. After their^{[clarification needed]} removal, Paolo Fresco served as chairman and Paolo Cantarella as CEO. Umberto Agnelli then took over as chairman from 2003 to 2004. After Umberto Agnelli's death on 28 May 2004, Luca Cordero di Montezemolo was named chairman, with Agnelli heir John Elkann becoming vice chairman (at the age of 28), and other family members also serving on the board. At this point, CEO Giuseppe Morchio resigned, and Sergio Marchionne was named to replace him on 1 June 2004.

wn.com/Fiat
Ford Romania
Ford Romania is an automobile factory operated by Ford of Europe, located in Craiova, Romania. The site is the former Daewoo Motors facility in Romania, which Ford acquired in 2008 from the Romanian government.
Coordinates: 44°17′55″N 23°50′52″E / 44.29861°N 23.84778°E / 44.29861; 23.84778

wn.com/Ford_Romania
Grugliasco
Grugliasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 9 km west of Turin.
Grugliasco borders the following municipalities: Turin, Collegno, and Rivoli.
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wn.com/Grugliasco
Italy
Italy ⁱ/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.

wn.com/Italy
Poland
Poland ⁱ/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.

wn.com/Poland
Spain
Spain (ⁱ/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.

wn.com/Spain
Tychy
Tychy ([ˈtɨxɨ] ( listen)) is a city in Silesia, Poland, approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Katowice. Situated on the southern edge of the Upper Silesian industrial district, the city borders Katowice to the north, Mikołów to the west, Bieruń to the east and Kobiór to the south. The Gostynia river, a tributary of the Vistula, flows through Tychy.
Since 1999 Tychy has been located within the Silesian Voivodeship, a province consisting of 71 regional towns and cities. Tychy is also one of the founding cities of the Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia, a pan-Silesian economic and political union formed with the eventual aim of bringing the most populous Silesian areas under a single administrative body.
Tychy is well known for its brewing industry, which dates back to the 17th century. Since 1950 Tychy has grown rapidly, mainly as a result of post-war Communist planning policies enacted to disperse the population of industrial Upper Silesia.
The moniker Tychy is derived from the Polish word cichy, meaning "quiet" or "still". Although appropriate for most of Tychy's history, the name is now somewhat ironic considering the growth of the city from 1950 onwards.

wn.com/Tychy
Venezuela
Venezuela (ⁱ/ˌvɛnɨˈzweɪlə/ VEN-ə-ZWAY-lə), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela [repuˈβlika βoliβaˈɾjana ðe βeneˈswela]), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south. Its northern coastline of roughly 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela's territory covers around 916,445 square kilometres (353,841 sq mi) with an estimated population of 29,105,632. Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

wn.com/Venezuela

Claude Lobo
Claude Lobo (*20 August 1943, †3 June 2011) served in various design positions at Ford Motor Company over 32 years, playing a prominent role in designing Ford automobiles including the Ford Capri (Mk I), Mercury Cougar (Mk VII), Ford Ka (Mk I) and Ford Focus (Mk I) – while pioneering innovations including the development of Computer Aided Design.
Born in Paris, France in 1943, Lobo studied at the city's Technical College and the Academy of Applied Arts.
After designing for an electric appliance company and later for Chrysler-Simca, Lobo joined Ford of Germany in 1966, as a designer. In 1967, Lobo became Manager of Exterior Design at was then Ford of Europe, where he held a number of senior design posts, including assignments in small, medium and large car and truck design – and became chief designer of Advanced Program Definition and Computer Aided Design (CAD) in 1987.
In 1994, Lobo became Director of Ford Motor Company's Advanced Design Studio in Dearborn, Michigan, leading development of several concept vehicles including the Ford Indigo, Synergy 2010 and the Mercury MC4. Lobo continued to assist with further implementation of Computer Aided Design technology at Ford, e.g., coordinating the CAD system at Ford with advanced model-milling CNC machinery as well as coordinating the CAD systems between Ford and its subsidiary Mazda.

wn.com/Claude_Lobo
Jack Telnack
Jack Telnack (born John J. Telnack in 1937) is the former global Vice President of Design of the Ford Motor Company from 1980 to 1997. After his training at the Art Center College of Design, Telnack began working as a designer for Ford in 1958, and became the head stylist of the Lincoln-Mercury Division in 1965. In 1966, he became the chief designer of Ford's Australian branch and served as the Vice President of Design for Ford of Europe in 1974. Telnack retired from his post at the end of 1997, and was replaced by J Mays.
Telnack and his team of designers were responsible for ushering a new era of aerodynamic design to America's mainstream marketplace. Cars like the 1979 Ford Mustang, 1983 Ford Thunderbird, 1984 Ford Tempo and Lincoln Mark VII were moderate successes that showed Ford's intention to change their traditional design language for a more contemporary, European style.
Telnack's team of designers, known collectively as "Team Taurus", were responsible for the 1986 Ford Taurus: a car widely acknowledged as the main reason why Ford Motor Company's turnaround strategy was successful during this period. The Taurus' wind cheating design language influenced everything from the Ford F-150 to the Lincoln Town Car in the 1990s.

wn.com/Jack_Telnack
Kylie Minogue
Kylie Ann Minogue, OBE ( /ˈkaɪliː mɨˈnoʊɡ/; born 28 May 1968) — often known simply as Kylie — is an Australian singer, recording artist, songwriter, showgirl, and actress. After beginning her career as a child actress on Australian television, she achieved recognition through her role in the television soap opera Neighbours, before commencing her career as a recording artist in 1987. Her first single, "Locomotion", spent seven weeks at number one on the Australian singles chart and became the highest selling single of the decade. This led to a contract with songwriters and producers Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Her debut album, Kylie (1988), and the single "I Should Be So Lucky", each reached number one in the United Kingdom, and over the next two years, her first 13 singles reached the British top ten. Her debut film, The Delinquents (1989) was a box-office hit in Australia and the UK, and received generally positive reviews.
Initially presented as a "girl next door", Minogue attempted to convey a more mature style in her music and public image. Her singles were well received, but after four albums her record sales were declining, and she left Stock, Aitken & Waterman in 1992 to establish herself as an independent performer. Her next single, "Confide in Me", reached number one in Australia and was a hit in several European countries in 1994, and a duet with Nick Cave, "Where the Wild Roses Grow", brought Minogue a greater degree of artistic credibility. Drawing inspiration from a range of musical styles and artists, Minogue took creative control over the songwriting for her next album, Impossible Princess (1997). It failed to attract strong reviews or sales in the UK, but was successful in Australia.

wn.com/Kylie_Minogue
Luke Pinder
Luke Pinder is a 27 year old British rally driver from Shipley, West Yorkshire. Pinder has been involved with motorsports since the age of 13 having started competing in Autograss and moving to rallying when he passed his driving test at the age of 17.
Pinder's driving skills have drawn praise from the likes of John Haugland after attending Haugland's winter rally school in Norway and Pentti Airikkala when Pinder attended his rally school
In 2005 Luke entered the Peugeot 206 1400 Championship, and managed to secure the coveted Peugeot 206 1400 Championship.
Luke Pinder entered the 2007 BRC 1400 Championship after agreeing a last minute drive with Chris Birkbeck to drive one of his new Ford KA 1400 rally cars. Despite the team failing to finish the first two races due to technical failures, Luke managed to come back and take the championship during the last event of the season. Part of Luke's prize for winning the championship was a prize drive on the 2007 Rally GB in a MG ZR.
As part of his prize for winning the BRC Silverstone Tyres 1400 championship, Luke contested the coveted Rally GB in a MG ZR and despite not testing the car before he managed to finish Day One of the Wales Rally GB with a commanding lead in their class (N1) and went on to claim a class victory.

wn.com/Luke_Pinder
Olga Kurylenko
Olha Kostyantynivna Kurylenko (Ukrainian: Ольга Костянтинівна Куриленко; 14 November 1979), better known as Olga Kurylenko, is a French actress and model. She is perhaps best known as the Bond girl, Camille Montes, in the 22nd James Bond film, Quantum of Solace. She also portrayed Nika Boronina in the movie adaptation of the video game Hitman. She became a French citizen in 2001.
Olga Kurylenko was born in Berdyansk, Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union). Her father, Konstantin, is Ukrainian, and her mother, Marina Alyabusheva, is an art teacher of Russian and Belarusian descent, who was born in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia.
When Kurylenko was three years old, her parents divorced, leaving her to be raised by her mother. Kurylenko rarely had contact with her father, meeting him for the first time when she was eight years old, and later again when she was 13.
Kurylenko was discovered by a female model scout while on vacation in Moscow at the age of 13. When she was 17, she signed a contract with the Paris-based Madison modeling agency. By the age of 18, she had appeared on the covers of Vogue and Elle. While working as a model in Paris, Kurylenko supported her mother in Ukraine.

wn.com/Olga_Kurylenko

Ford KA review - CarBuyer

Full Review at: www.carbuyer.co.uk The original Ford Ka was much loved for its cute looks,...

published: 13 Aug 2010

author: carbuyer

ford ka

ford ka commercial...

published: 16 Jan 2006

author: eatkabab

Ford Ka review - What Car?

Read the What Car? Ford Ka review bit.ly The Ford Ka is more fun to drive than the Fiat 50...

published: 24 Jan 2012

author: whatcar

ford ka 1.3 driving

ford ka 1.3 driving...

published: 01 Oct 2007

author: motodrome land rover

Ford Ka

Ford Ka

Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Production	1996–present
Class	City car
Body style	3-door hatchback convertible
Layout	FF layout

First generation (1996–2008)[link]

Mark I

Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company Pininfarina (StreetKa)
Production	1996–2008
Assembly	Ford Ka: São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil^[4]^[5] Almussafes, Valencia, Spain^[6] Valencia, Venezuela^[7] Ford StreetKa: Grugliasco, Italy^[8]^[9] Ford SportKa: Almussafes, Valencia, Spain^[9]
Class	City car
Body style	3–door hatchback convertible
Engine	1.3i Endura-E engine OHV 1.3 L I4 1.3i Duratec SOHC 1297 cc I4 1.6i Duratec SOHC 1597 cc I4 (SportKa/StreetKa) 1.6 Zetec Rocam SOHC 1598 cc I4 (only in Brazil)
Transmission	5–speed manual
Wheelbase	2,452 mm (96.5 in)
Length	3,620 mm (142.5 in) 3,650 mm (143.7 in) (SportKa) 3,836 mm (151.0 in) (2008–present Brazil)
Width	1,631 mm (64.2 in) 1,656 mm (65.2 in) (SportKa)
Height	1,368–1,413 mm (53.9–55.6 in) 1,409–1,431 mm (55.5–56.3 in) (SportKa) 1,812 mm (71.3 in) (2008–present Brazil)
Curb weight	820–962 kg (1,808–2,121 lb) 1,019 kg (2,247 lb) (SportKa) 1,420 mm (55.9 in) (2008–present Brazil)
Designer	Claude Lobo

The car was introduced on 11 September 1996 as a small and low-cost addition to the Ford range. It was based on the Mark IV Ford Fiesta platform, but with a completely different exterior design.^[10] The design borrowed a lot from Ghia's "Saetta" show car, a roadster designed by Filippo Sapino. The vehicle was manufactured on the existing Fiesta production line in Almussafes, Valencia, thus minimising new model investment costs for Ford. The Chief Program Engineer was Kevin O’Neill.

When the Ka was first introduced to the public it provoked mixed reactions, due to its original and striking New Edge design, overseen by Jack Telnack and executed by Claude Lobo.^[11]

Ghia Saetta show car (1997)

Besides the fresh styling, the Ka, like its sister cars Fiesta and Puma, was lauded in the motoring press for its nimble handling. Under Richard Parry-Jones' supervision, the suspension and steering settings allowed for spirited cornering and high levels of grip, making it one of the best handling small cars.

At launch, Ka was produced as a single model, with a number of production options including air conditioning, power steering, height-adjustable driver’s seat, adjustable position rear seat with head restraints, passenger airbag, central locking and power windows. An anti-lock braking system option was added in January 1997.

The main drawback was the Ka's 1300 cc OHV four-cylinder Endura-E engine, a design dating back to the 1950s Kent engine used in the Ford Anglia. Although not very modern, it provided enough torque to allow relaxed if not spirited driving.^[12] In 2002, the Endura-E was replaced by the overhead cam Duratec engine, with claims of improved fuel efficiency and increased refinement, mostly caused by taller gearing on the non-air conditioned models.

For the first three years of production, all models had black plastic bumpers to minimise parking damage to paintwork in city conditions. These bumpers contained a stabiliser to prevent UV degradation which made them unsuitable for painting because the paint would not adhere properly. However, it became clear that many owners wanted body-coloured bumpers, so they were introduced in 1999 using different bumper mouldings (without the stabiliser) which can be identified by a light styling line over the rear bumper.

The Ka has proved highly profitable for Ford despite its low selling price, largely due to its low development costs. In 2006, Ford sold 17,000 examples of the Ka model in the United Kingdom.

A van version was also released.

Ka in the United Kingdom [link]

Ka has been the best selling car in its class in the United Kingdom for a number of years and commands around a fifth of the city car market. The United Kingdom model range originally consisted of the base version, the Ka, and the higher specification Ka² which standardised a number of the options listed above. The Ka² badge was fitted by dealers. Ka³ was introduced later. Power steering was added to the specification of the basic Ka after the first year.

Concurrent with the introduction of body-coloured bumpers Ka² and Ka³ were replaced by Ka Collection and the LuxuryKa (later Ka Luxury).

The Luxury version came with a Quickclear heated windscreen, leather seats and interior trim as well as standard air conditioning. A 'Ka Blue' special edition was also launched in the UK with dark blue bumpers and a silvery-blue dashboard insert, rather than the standard models' silver. The Ka Sun Collection with a full-length fabric folding roof was also added to the range during the summer months.

A further line-up revision gave Ka the following trim levels in the United Kingdom: Studio, Style, Style Climate and Zetec Climate. SportKa was also added to the range (see below). With the car's impending replacement, in May 2008 a Finale special edition with distinguishing features was made available.

StreetKa and SportKa [link]

Ford StreetKa

Ford SportKa

In 2003 the Ka brand was diversified, with the addition of a new SportKa featuring a sporty body kit, wider track with stiffened suspension and redesigned 16" (40 cm) alloy wheels. Both models came with slightly widened bumpers front and rear with integral fog lamps. A convertible model called StreetKa also appeared, launched with the help of singer Kylie Minogue.^[13]

In 2005, all Ka models including Sportka and Streetka received a slightly updated interior, bringing the cabin back up to date, while still retaining the look and feel of the original. Both Streetka and Sportka received a new 93 hp (69 kW) 1.6 litre 8-valve Duratec petrol engine, whereas Ka, Ka Collection, and LuxuryKa retained the 1.3 litre Duratec petrol engine. The SportKa was noted for its surprising advertising campaign, "The Ka's Evil Twin", denouncing the Ka's traditionally perceived "cute" design. StreetKa ceased to be officially on sale in late 2006.^{[citation needed]}

A pink version was produced to promote the new Thunderbirds film, and supplied by Ford to the movie producer.^[14] The Thunderbird movie cars were unveiled at the Birmingham Motor Show. Only 8 Pink Streetka's were produced by Ford for the film. 5 RHD and 3 LHD all were signed by Sophia Myles (Miss Lady Penelope). ^[15] The matching Streetka dress designed by Bruce Oldfield of Ford was later sold in an auction during London Fashion Week to raise money for Barnados.^[16]

Motorsport [link]

A Ford KA rally championship was created in 1998.^[17] It has proved to be one of the most popular junior rally championships (Ford Ka Rally Cup) in Britain and Ireland. In 2007 Luke Pinder won the BRC Silverstone Tyre 1400 Championship in a Chris Birkbeck Ford KA.

Ford Ka Rally Car [link]

Built by the Ford Motorsport (Ford TeamRS) works at Boreham, Essex,^[18] The Rally Ka was designed as an entry-level vehicle to compete in a one-make series as part of the British Mintex rally championship. The Ka Championship in 1997 with just four cars in the debut Granite City Rally event. In 1998 fifteen competitors undertook the Mintex challenge. Ford's Boreham airfield facility provides a complete build service for competitors wishing to rally Ka. Most of the parts supplied are concerned with strengthening the car for rallying. Uprated engine mounts and suspension bushes are all included, as is a front strut brace. Aluminium sump and fuel tank guards, OZ Rally wheels and a Safety Devices bolt-in roll cage are all either fitted by the Boreham works or supplied to individual teams. Performance-enhancing modifications are limited to the addition of a Rally spec engine control unit, camshaft and 4-into-2-into-1 extractor set attached to a free-flowing exhaust. This combination lifts power to 80 hp (60 kW), and to cope with it competitors are encouraged to fit the optional uprated drive shafts with larger CV joints. A limited-slip differential and heavier clutch plate are also available. A competition brake package consisting of Mintex pads gripping vented front brake rotors and stronger rear drums is homologated for Rally Ka. Replacing the original shock absorbers is a set of four remote-reservoir Proflex coil-over struts adjustable for compression and rebound damping. These are allied to a lowering kit and adjustable spring platforms to give Ka competitors a wide range of suspension settings including ride height. Inside the Rally Ka is all business. In true rally fashion gone are all but the essentials: the two central eyeball vents are replaced by a tachometer and auxiliary gauge. Even the replacement panels in the dashboard which support the fire extinguisher button and extra switches and gauges required in a rally car are listed in the Boreham parts schedule. A deeply dished rally steering wheel, competition seats and harnesses are all supplied from the kit and replacements are not allowed.

Second generation (2008–present)[link]

Mark II

Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Production	2008–present
Assembly	Tychy, Poland (Fiat)^[19]^[20]
Class	City car
Body style	3–door hatchback
Platform	Fiat Mini platform
Engine	1.2L 1242 cc Duratec (FIRE) I4 1.3L 1248 cc Duratorq TDCi (Multijet) I4
Transmission	5–speed manual
Wheelbase	90.6 in (2,301 mm)
Length	3,620 mm (142.5 in)
Width	1,894 mm (74.6 in)–1,658 mm (65.3 in) (no side-mirrors)
Height	1,505 mm (59.3 in)
Curb weight	870 kg (1,900 lb)
Related	Fiat Nuova 500 Fiat Nuova Panda

In 2008,^[3] the European Ka was replaced with a model developed and produced for Ford by Fiat S.p.A in conjunction with Fiat's own 500 vehicle.^[21]^[22] The car is built in Fiat's Tychy, Poland factory alongside the Fiat 500, Fiat Panda and Lancia Ypsilon.

Despite the wholly different architecture underneath, the new Ka maintains the curved styling features of the original, while bringing the look in line with Ford's Kinetic Design philosophy. It retains the wheel at each corner stance of the previous model. Ford promises a cabin featuring 'expressive colours'. This mostly refers to the multichoice interior styling that is provided for the second time in Ford, right after the success of the Fiesta's interior design. In addition, the interior can be equipped with accessories such as Bluetooth phone connection, wireless voice control, a USB port, a CD Radio, MP3, an AUX connector, steering wheel audio controls and a speaker system consisting of six speakers, a subwoofer and an amplifier.

Ford Ka second generation, rear view

The new Ka comes with a choice of two engines, a 1.2 litre petrol with 69 PS (51 kW) of power and 102 N·m (75 lbf·ft) of torque and a 1.3 litre TDCi diesel engine with 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) of power and 145 N·m (107 lb·ft) of torque. Both engines come with sub-120 g/km CO₂ emissions (119 for the petrol and 112 for the diesel). Furthermore, a 1.4 litre petrol engine with 100 PS (74 kW) of power and 131 N·m (97 lbf·ft) of torque will be added to the lineup in the future. All three engines are loaned from Fiat.

The main mechanical differentiator between the new Ka and its Fiat sibling is that the Ford has better shock absorption than the Fiat 500. Fitting a rear anti-roll bar enabled 30 percent softer springs and accordingly retuned dampers to improve ride performance over uneven road surfaces. Some of these improvements were subsequently adopted on Fiat 500 Abarth and Fiat 500C models.^[23] Changes were also made to the 500's steering geometry for the Ka, although as the new Ka uses an electrically assisted steering system, it lacks the communication of its predecessor's hydraulically assisted steering. However, the electric steering system does make the steering much lighter and more energy efficient than its predecessor.^[24]

The new Ka has an overall Euro NCAP safety rating of 4 stars,^[25] with standard driver and passenger single stage front airbags, ABS, immobiliser, hazard warning lights and remote central locking (except Studio version in UK). In addition, there are front side airbags and curtain airbags and ESP (Electronic Stability Program) with HBA (Hydraulic Brake Assist) and HLA (Hill Launch Assist) that come at an extra cost.

The new Ka made its debut in the 22nd James Bond film Quantum of Solace, being driven by Olga Kurylenko, and was unveiled in October 2008's Paris Motor Show.

In 2008 there was some speculation that the Ka might be introduced to the North American market.^[26] It has since been confirmed however that Ford consider the Ka too small for American tastes and will not be introducing the vehicle to this market.^[27]

2010 Trim specification levels

Studio, Edge, Zetec, Titanium

Ka Individual [link]

Ford Ka Individual Grand Prix

Main article: Ford Individual

There are also three "Ford Individual packs" with special characteristics each (in both the interior and exterior design), called Tattoo, Grand Prix and Digital. Tattoo was replaced in 2011 by Metal. All Individual models are based on the Zetec.^[28]

Third generation (2015–)[link]

The third generation Ford Ka is based on the Ford Start Concept and it will be sold globally. The car will be made of recycled materials and have a 1.6-litre three-cylinder petrol engine. ^[29]

Ka in the Americas (1997–present)[link]

Over the years the Latin American Ka has become progressively different from the European Ka. The first divergence was in 2003 when the rear of the Latin American made Ka was significantly re-designed. This was followed by a more complete divergence from the European Ka in 2007 when the Latin American made Ka was relaunched with a completely new body over the original platform. With the launch of the 2nd generation European Ka, with a new body and the new Fiat platform, the separation of the European and Latin American Kas was complete. They are now completely different cars. Ford will sell the car in the U.S. and Canada by 2014 or 2015.^[30]

From the year 2000 up to the present the Latin American Ka has been powered by either a 94 hp (70 kW; 95 PS) Zetec Rocam 1.6 litre petrol engine or a 64 hp (48 kW; 65 PS) Zetec Rocam 1.0 litre petrol engine, both of which are four-cylinder units.

63766 were sold in Brazil in 2011, making it the 14th most sold card in Brazil that year. "Carros mais vendidos no Brasil em 2011". http://quatrorodas.abril.com.br/QR2/autoservico/top50/2011.shtml. Retrieved 2012-15-3.

Ka in Latin America (1997–2001)[link]

From its launch in 1997 until 2001 the Latin American Ka was substantially similar to the European Ka, differing only in levels of equipment and trim. The main differences from the European model were the very short gearing for the manual gearbox (the only transmission available) and the lack of soundproofing, which was gradually removed each year since 2000 as a way to cut down costs, following the practice of other Brazilian car makers at the time.

Ka in Latin America (2001–2007)[link]

Brazilian-market 2005 Ford Ka

In 2001 the Latin American Ka received a facelift which left it slightly different, externally, to the European model; the most noticeable difference was at the rear, where the number plate was moved from the bumper to the boot lid, and the rear lights were made much taller.

Ka in Latin America (2007–present)[link]

New Brazilian Ka (2008 model)

File:New brazilian ka2 wiki.JPG

New Brazilian Ka (2008 model)

Ford presented the new Brazilian Ka on 14 December 2007. Sales started on January 2, 2008 in Brazil, and the car was exported to other markets in Latin America. In comparison to the original Ka this car has a longer rear overhang and a redesigned rear seat to accommodate a fifth passenger. With a length of 3835 mmm, it now fits in the subcompact car class. In 2011 Ford presented a facelifted version following the Kinect concept car. In Brazil, only the Sport version offers a 1.6-litre engine.

In 2008, with the launch of the new European Ka, based on the Fiat platform, the two lines of the Ka had finally become completely separate.

Mexico [link]

The Ford Ka was officially discontinued in Mexico in early January 2008 when it was announced that the new Brazilian Ka would not be offered in the Mexican market.^[31]

U.S. and Canada [link]

In 2010, Mullaly said that the Ford Ka might come to North America, but it has been confirmed that the current model will never be sold in North America. The future model, however, is to be sold there by 2014 or 2015.^[32]

References [link]

^ Kittler, Eberhard (2001). Deutsche Autos seit 1990, vol.6. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. pp. 10–12. ISBN 3-613-02052-1.
^ Automobile Revue, catalogue edition 2005, p. 232-33.
^ ^a ^b Production began of the new Ford Ka Ford, Tychy, Poland, September 25, 2008. Retrieved February 07, 2009.
^ "Ford. Ford In Brazil". Car-cat.com. http://car-cat.com/firm-72.html. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
^ "Ford. Ford In Mexico". Car-cat.com. http://car-cat.com/firm-810.html. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
^ "Ford. Ford In Spain". Car-cat.com. http://car-cat.com/firm-325.html. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
^ "Ford. Ford In Venezuela". Car-cat.com. http://car-cat.com/firm-1367.html. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
^ "Ford. Ford In Italy". Car-cat.com. http://car-cat.com/firm-659.html. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
^ ^a ^b "Ford. Ford In Germany". Car-cat.com. http://car-cat.com/firm-173.html. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
^ http://www.dep-o.com/page216.asp "Future Retro: Ford Ka". Dep-O Magazine. http://www.dep-o.com/page216.asp http://www.dep-o.com/page216.asp.
^ "Ford Ka Retrospective". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/4car/gl/gallery/gallery/586/16.
^ "www.fordka.info". http://www.fordka.info/info.php. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
^ "Street Ka Kylie Release". media.ford.com. 2002-03-27. http://media.ford.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=11530. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
^ "Ford Streetka Luxury". Autoexpress.co.uk. 2004-08-18. http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/carreviews/firstdrives/49322/ford_streetka.html. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
^ "2004 Ford Thunderbirds - Backstage at Birmingham Motor Show". Seriouswheels.com. http://www.seriouswheels.com/cars/top-2004-Ford-Thunderbirds-Backstage-Birmingham-Motor-Show.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
^ "Ford Streetka Dress". Seriouswheels.com. http://www.seriouswheels.com/cars/top-Ford-Streetka-Dress.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
^ "rally.ie - The original irish rallying website". Irish-rallying.com. http://www.irish-rallying.com/index.php?topic_id=ford_ka. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ PFord KA Rally Car at Melbourne Motor Show Ford, March 1, 1999. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
^ Auto-Katalog 54. Jahresausgabe 2010/2011 Seite 62 ISSN 0940-3833 Motor Presse Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart
^ Ford Rolls Out Fiat Based New Ka Auto Trends, September 29, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
^ "Ford And Fiat Sign Agreement On New Generation Of Small Cars | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. 2005-11-07. http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=21975. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
^ "Ford Ka/Fiat 500 collaboration confirmed". Leftlanenews.com. http://www.leftlanenews.com/2005/11/07/ford-kafiat-500-collaboration-confirmed/. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
^ "New Model - 500 Abarth 1.4 16V Turbo T-Jet (135bhp)". 2008-07-08. http://www.italiaspeed.com/2008/cars/abarth/07/500_abarth/detail.html.
^ "New Ford Ka - First Drive (2008 onwards) - First Drives | Reviews | MSN Cars UK". Cars.uk.msn.com. 2008-11-01. http://cars.uk.msn.com/news/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=147861547. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "For safer cars | Ford Ka". Euro NCAP. http://www.euroncap.com/tests/ford_ka_2008/341.aspx. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Mulally says Ford Ka May Come to U.S". Blogs.automobilemag.com. http://blogs.automobilemag.com/6293575/car-news/mulally-says-ford-ka-may-come-to-us/index.html. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
^ "Mulally: Ford Ka and new Ford Ranger not coming to U.S". Egmcartech.com. 2009-11-09. http://www.egmcartech.com/2009/11/09/mulally-ford-ka-and-new-ford-ranger-not-coming-to-u-s/. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
^ "Ford KA Custom Modifications - Ford Individual Styling - Ford UK". Ford.co.uk. http://www.ford.co.uk/Cars/Ka/Individual. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
^ "Ford to unveil new Ford Ka for 2015". Motorblog. 2011-10-11. http://danielscarblog.com/content/ford-unveil-new-ford-ka-2015. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
^ "Ford to unveil new Ford Ka for 2015". Motorblog. 2011-10-11. http://danielscarblog.com/content/ford-unveil-new-ford-ka-2015. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
^ "Home vehículos". Ford.com.mx. http://www.ford.com.mx/vehicles/homeVehicles.asp. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Ford to unveil new Ford Ka for 2015". Motorblog. 2011-10-11. http://danielscarblog.com/content/ford-unveil-new-ford-ka-2015. Retrieved 2011-10-12.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ford Ka

Official Ford Ka section on ford.co.uk

v t e « previous — Ford car timeline, European market, 1980s–present
Type	1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
Type	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2
City car																	Ka I													Ka II
Supermini	Fiesta I			Fiesta II						Fiesta III						Fiesta IV							Fiesta V						Fiesta VI
Small family car	Escort Mk3 / Orion I						Escort Mk4 / Orion II				Escort Mk5 / Orion III			Escort Mk5b		Escort Mk6			Focus I						Focus II							Focus III
Large family car	Cortina V / Taunus III		Sierra I					Sierra II						Mondeo I				Mondeo II			Mondeo III							Mondeo IV
Executive car	Granada II					Scorpio I / Granada III									Scorpio II
Coupé	Capri																	Puma
Coupé										Probe										Cougar
Compact SUV														Maverick
CUV																						Maverick							Kuga
CUV																							Fusion
Mini MPV																																	B-MAX
Compact MPV																								C-MAX I							C-MAX II
Large MPV																											S-MAX
Large MPV																Galaxy I						Galaxy II					Galaxy III

v t e Ford Motor Company of Australia automobile timeline, 1980s–present
Type	1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
Type	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2
City																				Ka
Subcompact												Festiva			Festiva										Fiesta				Fiesta
Compact	Escort	Laser				Laser					Laser				Laser					Laser			Focus			Focus					Focus
Compact			Meteor
Mid-size	Cortina			Telstar								Telstar					Taurus
Mid-size										Corsair						Mondeo												Mondeo
Full-size	Falcon / Fairmont								Falcon / Fairmont										Falcon / Fairmont										Falcon / G Series
Full-size	Fairlane / LTD								Fairlane / LTD										Fairlane / LTD
Sports										Capri					Probe					Cougar
Sports																						Mustang
Utility	Courier																			Courier								Ranger					Ranger
Utility	Falcon Ute																		Falcon Ute										Falcon Ute
Van	Falcon Van
				Spectron
	Econovan				Econovan															Econovan
	Transit														Transit						Transit							Transit
Compact SUV																						Escape							Escape
Compact SUV																																	Kuga
Mid-size SUV												Raider													Territory
Mid-size SUV		Bronco							Maverick								Explorer					Explorer

Ford vehicles

Ford Motor Company

Current
production
models

Cars	B-Max C-Max Falcon Fiesta Figo Fusion (Europe) Fusion (North America) Focus G6 Galaxy i-MAX (Taiwan) Ka Kuga Mondeo Mustang S-Max Taurus

Trucks/ SUVs/Vans	Bantam Cargo Courier E-Series Econovan EcoSport Edge Escape Expedition & EL/Max Explorer Everest / Endeavour F-Series & Super Duty F-650/F-750 Flex Pronto Ranger (global) Territory Tourneo Tourneo Connect Transit Transit Connect

Former
production
models

1900s	Model A/AC Model B Model C Model F Model K Model N Model R Model S Model T

1910s–1920s	Model TT Model A Model AA

1930s–1940s	Model B Model BB Model Y Köln Rheinland Model 48 Model C Ten Eifel Model CX 1937 Ford Model 7W Model 7Y E83W Prefect Anglia 1941 Ford Vedette Pilot 1949 Ford

1950s	1952 Ford 1955 Ford 1957 Ford C-Series Trucks Consul Country Sedan Country Squire Courier Del Rio Edsel (Brand) Fairlane Galaxie Mainline Parklane Popular Ranchero Squire Taunus Thunderbird Versailles Zephyr

1960s	1960 Ford Bronco Capri Corcel Corsair Cortina Escort Fairlane Thunderbolt Ford Falcon GT40 H-Series Trucks LTD N-Series Trucks Torino W-Series Trucks

1970s	Elite Fairmont Granada L-Series Trucks Landau (Australia) Maverick P100 Pinto

1980s	Aerostar Bantam Bronco II Del Rey Escort EXP Festiva Laser / Lynx / Tierra / Meteor LTD Crown Victoria Orion Probe Ford Ranger (North America) RS200 Scorpio Sierra Telstar Tempo Verona

1990s	Aspire Contour Cougar Crown Victoria & Police Interceptor Maverick Puma Windstar ZX2

2000s	Activa Excursion Explorer Sport Trac Fairlane (Australian) Five Hundred Freestar Freestyle/Taurus X GT Ikon Maverick (Europe) Sportka/Streetka

Other

Ford of Europe

Ford Motor Company

Divisions and
subsidiaries

Current	Carrozzeria Ghia Ford of Britain Ford Germany Ford Retail Group

Defunct	Ford SAF

Facilities

Current	Bridgend Engine Cologne Body & Assembly Craiova Dagenham Plant Dunton Technical Centre Genk Body & Assembly Lommel Proving Grounds Merkenich Technical Centre Otosan Assembly Saarlouis Body & Assembly Southampton Body & Assembly Valencia Plant Vsevolozhsk Assembly

Former	Cork Halewood Trafford Park

Passenger cars

Current	B-Max C-Max Fiesta Focus Galaxy Ka Kuga Mondeo S-Max

Past	7W 7Y Anglia Capri Classic Comète Consul Corsair Cortina Cougar C Ten CX Eifel Fusion Escort Granada GT Köln Maverick Orion Pilot Popular Prefect Probe Puma Rheinland RS200 Scorpio Sierra Squire Taunus Vedette Y Zephyr

Commercial
vehicles

Minibuses

Trucks (defunct)

Vans

Current	Connect Transit

Past	300E 307E 400E Courier E83W Escort

Category

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Ka

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

"Ford" redirects here. For other uses, see Ford (disambiguation).

Ford Motor Company

Type	Public company
Traded as	NYSE: F S&P 500 Component
Industry	Automotive
Founded	June 16, 1903
Founder(s)	Henry Ford
Headquarters	Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	William C. Ford, Jr. (Executive Chairman) Alan R. Mulally (President & CEO)
Products	Automobiles Automotive parts
Services	Automotive finance Vehicle leasing Vehicle service
Revenue	US$136.26 billion (2011)^[1]
Operating income	US$8.681 billion (2011)^[1]
Net income	US$20.21 billion (2011)^[1]
Total assets	US$178.35 billion (2011)^[1]
Total equity	US$15.07 billion (2011)^[1]
Employees	164,000 (2011)^[1]
Divisions	Ford Lincoln
Subsidiaries	Automotive Components Holdings Ford Credit Troller Ford Australia Ford do Brasil Ford of Europe Ford of India
Website	Ford.com

Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F) is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK. Ford's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover were sold to Tata Motors of India in March 2008. In 2010 Ford sold Volvo to Geely Automobile.^[2] Ford discontinued the Mercury brand after the 2011 model year. The company is controlled by the Ford family, which owns a controlling stake in Ford Motor.^[3]

Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's methods came to be known around the world as Fordism by 1914.

Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker and the fifth-largest in the world based on annual vehicle sales in 2010 (after Toyota, General Motors, Volkswagen AG, and Hyundai Motor Group).^[4] At the end of 2010, Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe.^[5] Ford is the eighth-ranked overall American-based company in the 2010 Fortune 500 list, based on global revenues in 2009 of $118.3 billion.^[6] In 2008, Ford produced 5.532 million automobiles^[7] and employed about 213,000 employees at around 90 plants and facilities worldwide. During the automotive crisis, Ford's worldwide unit volume dropped to 4.817 million in 2009. In 2010, Ford earned a net profit of $6.6 billion and reduced its debt from $33.6 billion to $14.5 billion lowering interest payments by $1 billion following its 2009 net profit of $2.7 billion.^[8]^[9] Starting in 2007, Ford received more initial quality survey awards from J. D. Power and Associates than any other automaker. Five of Ford's vehicles ranked at the top of their categories^[10] and 14 ranked in the top three.^[11]

History [link]

Henry Ford (ca. 1919)

1896 Ford Quadricycle

Main article: History of Ford Motor Company

20th century [link]

Henry's first attempt at a car company under his own name was the Henry Ford Company on November 3, 1901, which became the Cadillac Motor Company on August 22, 1902 after Ford left with the rights to his name. The Ford Motor Company was launched in a converted factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace Dodge (who would later found their own car company). During its early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three men worked on each car, assembling it from parts made mostly by supplier companies contracting for Ford. Within a decade the company would lead the world in the expansion and refinement of the assembly line concept; and Ford soon brought much of the part production in-house in a vertical integration that seemed a better path for the era.

Henry Ford was 40 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of the world's largest and most profitable companies, as well as being one to survive the Great Depression. As one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 100 years.

In 1908 Ford introdcuded the first engine with a removable cylinder head (in the Model T). In 1930 Ford introduced the first car with safety glass in the windshield (the Model A).^[12] Ford launched the first low priced V8 engine powered car in 1932.

Ford offered the Lifegaurd safety package from 1956, which included such innovations as a standard deep-dish steering wheel, optional front, and, for the first time in a car, rear seatbelts, and an optional padded dash.^[13] Ford introduced child-proof door locks into its products in 1957, and in the same year offered the first retractable hardtop on a mass-produced six-seater car. The Ford Mustang was introduced in 1964. In 1965 Ford introduced the seat belt reminder light.

During the mid to late 1990s, Ford sold large numbers of vehicles, in a booming American economy with soaring stock market and low fuel prices. With the dawn of the new century, legacy healthcare costs, higher fuel prices, and a faltering economy led to falling market shares, declining sales, and sliding profit margins. Most of the corporate profits came from financing consumer automobile loans through Ford Motor Credit Company.^[14]

21st century [link]

By 2005, corporate bond rating agencies had downgraded the bonds of both Ford and GM to junk status,^[15] citing high U.S. health care costs for an aging workforce, soaring gasoline prices, eroding market share, and dependence on declining SUV sales for revenues. Profit margins decreased on large vehicles due to increased "incentives" (in the form of rebates or low interest financing) to offset declining demand.^[16] In the latter half of 2005, Chairman Bill Ford asked newly appointed Ford Americas Division President Mark Fields to develop a plan to return the company to profitability. Fields previewed the Plan, named The Way Forward, at the December 7, 2005 board meeting of the company and it was unveiled to the public on January 23, 2006. "The Way Forward" included resizing the company to match market realities, dropping some unprofitable and inefficient models, consolidating production lines, closing 14 factories and cutting 30,000 jobs.^[17] These cutbacks are consistent with Ford's roughly 25% decline in U.S. automotive market share since the mid-late 1990s.

In the face of demand for higher fuel efficiency and falling sales of minivans, Ford moved to introduce a range of new vehicles, including "Crossover SUVs" built on unibody car platforms, rather than more body-on-frame chassis. In developing the hybrid electric powertrain technologies for the Ford Escape Hybrid SUV, Ford licensed similar Toyota hybrid technologies^[18] to avoid patent infringements.^[19] Ford announced that it will team up with electricity supply company Southern California Edison (SCE) to examine the future of plug-in hybrids in terms of how home and vehicle energy systems will work with the electrical grid. Under the multi-million-dollar, multi-year project, Ford will convert a demonstration fleet of Ford Escape Hybrids into plug-in hybrids, and SCE will evaluate how the vehicles might interact with the home and the utility's electrical grid. Some of the vehicles will be evaluated "in typical customer settings", according to Ford.^[20]^[21]

Bill Ford became President of the company in April 2006, with the retirement of Jim Padilla. Five months later, in September, he stepped down as President and CEO, naming Alan Mulally as his successor, and becoming Executive Chairman. In December 2006, the company raised its borrowing capacity to about $25 billion, placing substantially all corporate assets as collateral to secure the line of credit.^[22] Chairman Bill Ford has stated that "bankruptcy is not an option".^[23] Ford and the United Auto Workers, representing approximately 46,000 hourly workers in North America, agreed to a historic contract settlement in November 2007 giving the company a substantial break in terms of its ongoing retiree health care costs and other economic issues. The agreement included the establishment of a company-funded, independently run Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association (VEBA) trust to shift the burden of retiree health care from the company's books, thereby improving its balance sheet. This arrangement took effect on January 1, 2010. As a sign of its currently strong cash position, Ford contributed its entire current liability (estimated at approximately US$5.5 billion as of December 31, 2009) to the VEBA in cash, and also pre-paid US$500 million of its future liabilities to the fund. The agreement also gives hourly workers the job security they were seeking by having the company commit to substantial investments in most of its factories.

The automaker reported the largest annual loss in company history in 2006 of $12.7 billion,^[24] and estimated that it would not return to profitability until 2009.^[25] However, Ford surprised Wall Street in the second quarter of 2007 by posting a $750 million profit. Despite the gains, the company finished the year with a $2.7 billion loss, largely attributed to finance restructuring at Volvo.^[26]

On June 2, 2008, Ford sold its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors for $2.3 billion.^[27]^[28]

During November 2008, Ford, together with Chrysler and General Motors, sought financial aid at Congressional hearings in Washington, D.C. in the face of worsening conditions caused by the automotive industry crisis. The three companies presented action plans for the sustainability of the industry. Ford opted not to seek government assistance.^[29] GM and Chrysler received assistance through the Executive Branch from the T.A.R.P. legislation funding provisions.^[30] On December 19, the cost of credit default swaps to insure the debt of Ford was 68 percent the sum insured for five years in addition to annual payments of 5 percent. That meant $6.8 million paid upfront to insure $10 million in debt, in addition to payments of $500,000 per year.^[31] In January 2009, Ford reported a $14.6 billion loss in the preceding year, a record for the company. The company retained sufficient liquidity to fund its operations. Through April 2009, Ford's strategy of debt for equity exchanges, erased $9.9 B in liabilities (28% of its total), in order to leverage its cash position.^[32] These actions yielded Ford a $2.7 billion profit in fiscal year 2009, the company's first full-year profit in four years.^[33]

Corporate affairs [link]

Ford World Headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan, known as the Glass House.

Executive management [link]

Members of the board as of early 2011 are: Richard A. Gephardt, Stephen Butler, Ellen Marram, Kimberly Casiano, Alan Mulally (President and CEO), Edsel Ford II, Homer Neal, William Clay Ford Jr. (Executive Chairman), Jorma Ollila, Irvine Hockaday Jr., John L. Thornton, and William Clay Ford, Sr. (Director Emeritus).^[34]

The main corporate officers are: Lewis Booth (Executive Vice President, Chairman (PAG) and Ford of Europe), Mark Fields (Executive Vice President, President of The Americas), Donat Leclair (Executive Vice President and CFO), Mark A. Schulz (Executive Vice President, President of International Operations), and Michael E. Bannister (Group Vice President; Chairman & CEO Ford Motor Credit).^[34] Paul Mascarenas (Vice President of Engineering, The Americas Product Development)

Financial results [link]

In 2010, Ford earned a net profit of $6.6 billion and reduced its debt from $33.6 billion to $14.5 billion lowering interest payments by $1 billion following its 2009 net profit of $2.7 billion.^[8]^[9] In the U.S., the F-Series is the best-selling vehicle for 2010. Ford sold 528,349 F-Series trucks during the year, a 27.7% increase over 2009, out of a total sales of 1.9 million vehicles, or every one out of four vehicles Ford sold. Trucks sales accounts for a big slice of Ford's profits, according to USA Today.^[35] Ford's realignment also included the sale of its wholly owned subsidiary, Hertz Rent-a-Car to a private equity group for $15 billion in cash and debt acquisition. The sale was completed on December 22, 2005. A 50–50 joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra of India, called Mahindra Ford India, Limited (MIFL), ended with Ford buying out Mahindra's remaining stake in the company in 2005.^[36] Ford had previously upped its stake to 72% in 1998.^[37]

Operations [link]

Ford has major manufacturing operations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Germany, Turkey, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, the People's Republic of China, and several other countries, including South Africa where, following divestment during apartheid, it once again has a wholly owned subsidiary. Ford also has a cooperative agreement with Russian automaker GAZ.

North America [link]

Calendar Year	American sales
1999	4,163,369^[38]
2000	4,202,820
2001	3,971,364
2002	3,623,709^[39]
2003	3,483,719
2004	3,331,676^[40]
2005	3,153,875
2006	2,901,090^[41]
2007	2,507,366
2008	1,988,376^[42]
2009	1,620,888^[43]
2010	1,935,462^[44]
2011	2,143,101^[45]

In the first five months of 2010, auto sales in the U.S. rose to 4.6 million cars and light trucks, an increase of 17% from a year earlier. The rise was mainly caused by the return of commercial customers that had all but stopped buying in 2009 during the recession. Sales to individual customers at dealerships have increased 13%, while fleet sales have jumped 32%.^[46] Ford reported that 37% of its sales in May came from fleet sales when it announced its sales for the month increased 23%.^[47] In the first seven months of 2010, vehicle sales of Ford increased 24%, including retail and fleet sales. Fleet sales of Ford for the same period rose 35% to 386,000 units while retail sales increase 19%. Fleet sales account for 39 percent of Chrysler's sales and 31 percent for GM's.^[48]

Europe [link]

Main article: Ford of Europe

Ford's Dunton Technical Centre in Laindon, United Kingdom, the largest automotive research and development facility in the country^[49]

The Ford Research Center in Aachen, Germany

At first, Ford in Germany and Ford in Britain built different models from one another until the late 1960s, with the Ford Escort and then the Ford Capri being common to both companies. Later on, the Ford Taunus and Ford Cortina became identical, produced in left hand drive and right hand drive respectively. Rationalisation of model ranges meant that production of many models in the UK switched to elsewhere in Europe, including Belgium and Spain as well as Germany. The Ford Sierra replaced the Taunus and Cortina in 1982, drawing criticism for its radical aerodynamic styling, which was soon given nicknames such as "Jellymould" and "The Salesman's Spaceship."

Increasingly, the Ford Motor Company has looked to Ford of Europe for its "world cars", such as the Mondeo, Focus, and Fiesta, although sales of European-sourced Fords in the U.S. have been disappointing. The Focus has been one exception to this, which has become America's best selling compact car since its launch in 2000.^{[citation needed]}

In February 2002, Ford ended car production in the UK. It was the first time in 90 years that Ford cars had not been made in Britain, although production of the Transit van continues at the company's Southampton facility, engines at Bridgend and Dagenham, and transmissions at Halewood. Development of European Ford is broadly split between Dunton in Essex (powertrain, Fiesta/Ka, and commercial vehicles) and Cologne (body, chassis, electrical, Focus, Mondeo) in Germany. Ford also produced the Thames range of commercial vehicles, although the use of this brand name was discontinued circa 1965. Elsewhere in continental Europe, Ford assembles the Mondeo range in Genk (Belgium), Fiesta in Valencia (Spain) and Cologne (Germany), Ka in Valencia, and Focus in Valencia, Saarlouis (Germany) and Vsevolozhsk (Russia). Transit production is in Kocaeli (Turkey), Southampton (UK), and Transit Connect in Kocaeli.

Ford also owns a joint-venture production plant in Turkey. Ford-Otosan, established in the 1970s, manufactures the Transit Connect compact panel van as well as the "Jumbo" and long-wheelbase versions of the full-size Transit. This new production facility was set up near Kocaeli in 2002, and its opening marked the end of Transit assembly in Genk.

Another joint venture plant near Setúbal in Portugal, set up in collaboration with Volkswagen, formerly assembled the Galaxy people-carrier as well as its sister ships, the VW Sharan and SEAT Alhambra. With the introduction of the third generation of the Galaxy, Ford has moved the production of the people-carrier to the Genk plant, with Volkswagen taking over sole ownership of the Setúbal facility.

In 2008, Ford acquired a majority stake in Automobile Craiova, Romania. Starting 2009, the Ford Transit Connect was Ford's first model produced in Craiova, followed, in 2012, by low-capacity car engines and a new small class car, the B-Max.^[50]

Ford Europe has broken new ground with a number of relatively futuristic car launches over the last 50 years.

Its 1959 Anglia two-door saloon was one of the most quirky-looking small family cars in Europe at the time of its launch, but buyers soon became accustomed to its looks and it was hugely popular with British buyers in particular. It was still selling well when replaced by the more practical Escort in 1967.

The third incarnation of the Ford Escort was launched in 1980 and marked the company's move from rear-wheel drive saloons to front-wheel drive hatchbacks in the small family car sector.

The fourth generation Escort was produced from 1990 until 2000, although its successor – the Focus – had been on sale since 1998. On its launch, the Focus was arguably the most dramatic-looking and fine-handling small family cars on sale, and sold in huge volumes right up to the launch of the next generation Focus at the end of 2004.

The 1982 Ford Sierra – replacement for the long-running and massively popular Cortina and Taunus models – was a style-setter at the time of its launch. Its ultramodern aerodynamic design was a world away from a boxy, sharp-edged Cortina, and it was massively popular just about everywhere it was sold. A series of updates kept it looking relatively fresh until it was replaced by the front-wheel drive Mondeo at the start of 1993.

The rise in popularity of small cars during the 1970s saw Ford enter the mini-car market in 1976 with its Fiesta hatchback. Most of its production was concentrated at Valencia in Spain, and the Fiesta sold in huge figures from the very start. An update in 1983 and the launch of an all-new model in 1989 strengthened its position in the small car market.

Asia Pacific [link]

Ford dealership in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (August 2005)

The Ford stamping plant in Geelong, Australia

In Australia and New Zealand, the popular Ford Falcon has long been considered the average family car and is considerably larger than the Mondeo, Ford's largest car sold in Europe. Between 1960 and 1972, the Falcon was based on a U.S. model of the same name, but since then has been entirely designed and manufactured in Australia, occasionlly being manufactured in New Zealand. Like its General Motors rival, the Holden Commodore, the Falcon uses a rear wheel drive layout. High performance variants of the Falcon running locally built engines produce up to 362 hp (270 kW). A ute (short for "utility", known in the US as pickup truck) version is also available with the same range of drivetrains. In addition, Ford Australia sells highly tuned limited-production Falcon sedans and utes through its performance car division, Ford Performance Vehicles.

In Australia, the Commodore and Falcon have traditionally outsold all other cars and comprise over 20% of the new car market. In New Zealand, Ford was second in market share in the first eight months of 2006 with 14.4 per cent.^[51] More recently Ford has axed its Falcon-based LWB variant of its lineup – the Fairlane and LTD ranges, and announced that their Geelong engine manufacturing plant may be shut down from 2013. They have also announced local manufacturing of the Focus small car starting from 2011.

However, with the acquisition of a stake in Japanese manufacturer Mazda in 1979, Ford began selling Mazda's Familia and Capella (also known as the 323 and 626) as the Ford Laser and Telstar, replacing the European-sourced Escort and Cortina.

In Australia, the Laser was one of Ford Australia's most successful models, and was manufactured in Ford's Homebush plant from 1981 until the plant's closure in September 1994. It outsold the Mazda 323, despite being almost identical to it, due to the fact the Laser was manufactured in Australia and Ford was perceived as a local brand.

In New Zealand, the Ford Laser and Telstar were assembled alongside the Mazda 323 and 626 until 1997, at the Vehicle Assemblers of New Zealand (VANZ) plant in Wiri, Auckland. The Sierra wagon was also assembled in New Zealand, owing to the popularity of station wagons in that market.

Through its relationship with Mazda, Ford also acquired a stake in South Korean manufacturer Kia, which built the (Mazda-based) Ford Festiva from 1988–1993, and the Ford Aspire from 1994–1997 for export to the United States, but later sold their interest to Hyundai (which also manufactured the Ford Cortina until the 1980s). Kia continued to market the Aspire as the Kia Avella, later replaced by the Rio and once again sold in the US.

Ford's presence in Asia has traditionally been much smaller, confined to Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and Taiwan, where Ford has had a joint venture with Lio Ho since the 1970s. Ford began assembly of cars in Thailand in 1960, but withdrew from the country in 1976, and did not return until 1995, when it formed a joint venture with Mazda called Auto Alliance.^[52]

Ford India began production in 1998 with its Ford Escort model, which was later replaced by locally produced Ford Ikon in 2001. It has since added Fusion, Fiesta, Mondeo and Endeavour to its product line.

On March 9, 2010, Ford Motor Co. launched its first made-for-India compact car. Starting at 349,900 ($7,690), the Figo is Ford's first car designed and priced for the mass Indian market.^[53]

On July 28, 2011 Ford India signs MoU with the State of Gujarat to build assembly and engine plant in Sanand and will invest approximately US$1 billion on a 460-acre site.^[54]

South America [link]

During much of the 20th century, Ford faced protectionist government measures in South America, with the result that it built different models in different countries, without particular regard to rationalization or economy of scale inherent to producing and sharing similar vehicles between the nations. In many cases, new vehicles in a country were based on those of the other manufacturers it had entered into production agreements with, or whose factories it had acquired. For example, the Corcel and Del Rey in Brazil were originally based on Renault vehicles.

In 1987, Ford of Brasil and Ford of Argentina merged their operations with the Brazilian and Argentinan operations of Volkswagen Group, forming a new joint-venture company called Autolatina with a shared model range. Sales figures and profitability were disappointing, and Autolatina was dissolved in 1995. With the advent of Mercosur, the regional common market, Ford was finally able to rationalize its product line-ups in those countries. Consequently, the Ford Fiesta and Ford EcoSport are only built in Brazil, and the Ford Focus only built in Argentina, with each plant exporting in large volumes to the neighboring countries. Models like the Ford Mondeo from Europe could now be imported completely built up. Ford of Brazil produces a pick-up truck version of the Fiesta, the Courier, which is also produced in South Africa as the Ford Bantam in right hand drive versions.

Africa and Middle East [link]

In Africa, Ford's market presence has traditionally been strongest in South Africa and neighbouring countries, with only trucks being sold elsewhere on the continent. Ford in South Africa began by importing kits from Canada to be assembled at its Port Elizabeth facility. Later Ford sourced its models from the UK and Australia, with local versions of the Ford Cortina including the XR6, with a 3.0 V6 engine, and a Cortina-based 'bakkie' or pick-up, which was exported to the UK. In the mid-1980s Ford merged with a rival company, owned by Anglo American, to form the South African Motor Corporation (Samcor).

Following international condemnation of apartheid, Ford divested from South Africa in 1988, and sold its stake in Samcor, although it licensed the use of its brand name to the company. Samcor began to assemble Mazdas as well, which affected its product line-up, and saw the European Fords like the Escort and Sierra replaced by the Mazda-based Laser and Telstar. Ford bought a 45 per cent stake in Samcor following the demise of apartheid in 1994, and this later became, once again, a wholly owned subsidiary, the Ford Motor Company of Southern Africa. Ford now sells a local sedan version of the Fiesta (also built in India and Mexico), and the Focus. The Falcon model from Australia was also sold in South Africa, but was dropped in 2003, while the Mondeo, after briefly being assembled locally, was dropped in 2005.

Ford's market presence in the Middle East has traditionally been even smaller, partly due to previous Arab boycotts of companies dealing with Israel. Ford and Lincoln vehicles are currently marketed in ten countries in the region.^[55] Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the UAE are the biggest markets. Ford also established itself in Egypt in 1926, but faced an uphill battle during the 1950s due to the hostile nationalist business environment.^[56] Ford's distributor in Saudi Arabia announced in February 2003 that it had sold 100,000 Ford and Lincoln vehicles since commencing sales in November 1986. Half of the Ford/Lincoln vehicles sold in that country were Ford Crown Victorias.^[57] In 2004, Ford sold 30,000 units in the region, falling far short of General Motors' 88,852 units and Nissan Motors' 75,000 units.

Products and services [link]

Automobiles [link]

The 2013 model year Lincoln MKS

As of 2012 Ford Motor Company sells a broad range of automobiles under the Ford marque worldwide, and an additional range of luxury automobiles under the Lincoln marque in the United States. The company has sold vehicles under a number of other marques during its history. The Mercury brand was introduced by Ford in 1939, continuing in production until 2011 when poor sales led to its discontinuation.^[58] In 1958, Ford introduced the Edsel brand, but poor sales led to its discontinuation in 1960. In 1985, the Merkur brand was introduced in the United States to market products produced by Ford of Europe; it was discontinued in 1989.

Ford acquired the British sports car maker Aston Martin in 1989, later selling it on March 12, 2007,^[59] retaining a small minority stake,^[60] and bought Volvo Cars of Sweden in 1999,^[61] selling it to Zhejiang Geely Holding Group in 2010. In November 2008 it reduced its 33.4% controlling interest in Mazda of Japan, to a 13.4% non-controlling interest.^[62]^[63] On November 18, 2010, Ford reduced their stake further to just 3%, citing the reduction of ownership would allow greater flexibility to pursue growth in emerging markets. Ford and Mazda remain strategic partners through joint ventures and exchanges of technological information.^[64] It shares an American joint venture plant in Flat Rock, Michigan called Auto Alliance with Mazda. Ford sold the United Kingdom-based Jaguar and Land Rover companies and brands to Tata Motors of India in March 2008.

Marque	Country of origin	Years used/owned	Markets
Ford	United States	1903 to present	Global
Lincoln	United States	1922 to present	North America, Middle East
Mercury	United States	1939 to 2011	North America
Edsel	United States	1958 to 1960	North America
Merkur	United States	1985 to 1989	North America
Jaguar	United Kingdom	1989 to 2008	Global
Aston Martin	United Kingdom	1989 to 2007	Global
Volvo	Sweden	1999 to 2010	Global
Land Rover	United Kingdom	2000 to 2008	Global

Trucks [link]

File:Ford 1939.jpg

An advert for the 1939 Ford V-8 pick-up truck

File:Ford 1961.JPG

An advert for the 1961 Ford H-Series truck

Ford has produced trucks since 1908. Countries where Ford commercial vehicles are or were made include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada (badged Mercury too), France, Germany, India, Netherlands, Philippines, Spain (badged Ebro too), Turkey, UK (badged also Fordson and Thames) and USA.

From the 1940s to late 1970s Ford's Ford F-Series were used as the base for light trucks for the North American market.

Most of these ventures are now extinct. The European one that lasted longest was the lorries arm of Ford of Britain, which was eventually sold to Iveco group in 1986, and whose last significant models were the Transcontinental and the Cargo.

In the United States, Ford's heavy trucks division (Classes 7 and 8) was sold in 1997 to Freightliner Trucks, which rebranded the lineup as Sterling.^[65] Freightliner is in the process of discontinuing this line.

Line of heavy trucks made by Ford for the North American market:

Ford F-650 – joint venture model from 2000 to present
Ford L9000 – last model year 1999
Ford LNT9000 – short nose tandem axle from 1970s to 1997
Ford LT9000 – tandem axle with last model year 1997
Ford FT900 – until 1998
Ford LT8000 – last model year 1998
Ford L7000 – last model year 1996

Ford continues to manufacture medium duty trucks under the F-650 and F-750 badges. In 2001, the company entered into a joint venture with Navistar International to produce medium duty commercial trucks.^[66] The first new model from the new corporation, known as Blue Diamond Truck Company LLC,^[66] was the 2006 model year LCF,^[67] the first Ford branded cab-over-engine design in the United States since Freightliner's acquisition of the Cargo in the mid-1990s.^{[citation needed]}. The LCF was discontinued in 2009^[68] and Ford's 2011 medium-duty commercial offerings are limited to the two F-Series.^[69]

In 1999 the end of the F800 meant Ford was not producing in any F-series heavy truck chassis.

In Europe, Ford manufactures the Ford Transit jumbo van which is classed as a Large Goods Vehicle and has a payload of up to 2,265 kg, there are options of a panel van, pickup or chassis cab. The Ford Transit is also available as a light van called the Ford Transit Connect and the Ford Ranger pickup is available.^[70]

Buses [link]

A Ford B700 bus chassis, with a body by Thomas Built

Ford manufactured complete buses in the company's early history, but today the role of the company has changed to that of a second stage manufacturer. In North America, the E-Series is still used as a chassis for small school buses and the F-650 is used in commercial bus markets. In the 1980s and 1990s, the medium-duty B700 was a popular chassis used by school bus body manufacturers including Thomas Built, Ward and Blue Bird, but Ford lost its market share due to industry contraction and agreements between body manufacturers. Older bus models included:

Prior to 1939, For buses were based on truck bodies:

Model B – 1930s
Model T – 1920s
F-105 school bus

During World War II Ford manufactured Ford Transit bus, a series of small transit buses with bodies built by second party:^[71]

09-B/19-B City transit bus – 1939–1941
19-B/29-B City transit bus – 1941–1942
49-B/79-B City transit bus – 1944–1947
69-B City transit bus – 1946–1947
29-B City transit bus – 1946–1947
72-T transit bus – 1944–1945

After 1946 the Transit City bus was sold as Universal Bus with the roof changed from fabric/wood to all metal:

79-B Universal transit bus – 1946–1947

Succeeding the Ford Transit bus was the Ford 8M buses:

8MB transit bus – with Wayne Works 1948–?

Following World War II and from 1950s onwards Ford lost out to General Motors.^[71] This led to the end of transit buses for Ford in North America.

B500 or B-series – 1950-1990s based on Ford F-series truck chassis used by school bus body manufacturers

In Europe, Ford manufactures the Ford Transit Minibus which is classed in Europe as a Passenger Carrying Vehicle and there are options of 12, 15 or 17 seaters.^[72] In the past European models included:

EM
N-138
D series buses (Australia)

Tractors [link]

A Ford N series tractor

The "Henry Ford and Son Company" began making Fordson tractors in Henry's hometown of Springwells (later part of Dearborn, Michigan from 1907 to 1928, from 1919 to 1932, at Cork, Ireland and 1933–1964 at Dagenham, England, later transferred to Basildon. They were also produced in Leningrad beginning in 1924.

In 1986, Ford expanded its tractor business when it purchased the Sperry-New Holland skid-steer loader and hay baler, hay tools and implement company from Sperry Corporation and formed Ford-New Holland which bought out Versatile tractors in 1988. This company was bought by Fiat in 1993 and the name changed from Ford New Holland to New Holland. New Holland is now part of CNH Global.

Financial services [link]

Ford offers automotive finance through Ford Motor Credit Company.

Automotive components [link]

Ford's FoMoCo parts division sells aftermarket parts under the Motorcraft brand name. It has spun off its parts division under the name Visteon.

Motorsport [link]

Main article: Ford Racing

Stock car racing [link]

File:Todd Kluever.jpg

NASCAR Ford Fusion race car

Ford is one of four manufacturers in NASCAR's three major series: Sprint Cup Series, Nationwide Series, and Camping World Truck Series. Major teams include Roush Fenway Racing and Yates Racing and Richard Petty Motorsports. Ford is represented by the mid-size Fusion in the Sprint Cup, the Mustang in the Nationwide Series, and by the F-150 in the Camping World Truck Series. Some of the most successful NASCAR Fords were the aerodynamic fastback Ford Torino, Ford Torino Talladega, Mercury Cyclone Spoiler II, and Mercury Montegos, and the aero-era Ford Thunderbirds. The Ford nameplate has won eight manufacturer's championships in Sprint Cup, while Mercury has won one. The Ford Fusion is also used in the ARCA Remax Series.

Formula One [link]

Ford was heavily involved in Formula One for many years, and supplied engines to a large number of teams from 1967 until 2004. These engines were designed and manufactured by Cosworth, the racing division that was owned by Ford from 1998 to 2004. Ford-badged engines won 176 Grands Prix between 1967 and 2003 for teams such as Team Lotus and McLaren. Ford entered Formula One as a constructor in 2000 under the Jaguar Racing name, after buying the Stewart Grand Prix team which had been its primary 'works' team in the series since 1997. Jaguar achieved little success in Formula One, and after a turbulent five seasons, Ford withdrew from the category after the 2004 season, selling both Jaguar Racing (which became Red Bull Racing) and Cosworth (to Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven).^[73]

Rally [link]

Jari-Matti Latvala driving the Ford Focus RS WRC 09 in 2010.

Main article: Ford World Rally Team

Ford has a long history in rallying and has been active in the World Rally Championship since the beginning of the world championship, the 1973 season. Ford took the 1979 manufacturers' title with Hannu Mikkola, Björn Waldegård and Ari Vatanen driving the Ford Escort RS1800. In the Group B era, Ford achieved success with Ford RS200. Since the 1999 season, Ford has used various versions of the Ford Focus WRC to much success. In the 2006 season, BP-Ford World Rally Team secured Ford its second manufacturers' title, with the Focus RS WRC 06 built by M-Sport and driven by Flying Finns Marcus Grönholm and Mikko Hirvonen.^[74] Continuing with Grönholm and Hirvonen, Ford successfully defended the manufacturers' world championship in the 2007 season. Ford is the only manufacturer to score in the points for 92 consecutive races; since the 2002 season opener Monte Carlo Rally.^[75]

Sports cars [link]

Main article: Ford GT#Racing

Ford sports cars have been visible in the world of sports car racing since 1964. Most notably the GT40 won the 24 Hours of Le Mans four times in the 1960s and is the only American car to ever win overall at this prestigious event. Ford also won the 1968 International Championship for Makes with the GT40, which still stands today as one of the all-time greatest racing cars. Swiss team Matech GT Racing, in collaboration with Ford Racing, opened a new chapter with the Ford GT, winning the Teams title in the 2008 FIA GT3 European Championship.

Ford Mustang GT (racing GT car)

Main article: Ford Mustang#Racing

The Ford Mustang has arguably been Ford's most successful sports car. Jerry Titus won the 1965 SCCA Pro B National Championship with a Mustang and the model went on to earn Ford the SCCA Trans-Am Championship title in both 1966 and 1967. Ford won the Trans-Am Championship again in 1970 with Parnelli Jones and George Folmer driving Boss 302 Mustangs for Bud Moore Engineering. Ford took the 1985 and 1986 IMSA GTO Championship with Mustangs driven by John Jones and Scott Pruett before returning to Trans-Am glory with a championship in 1989 with Dorsey Schroeder. Ford dominated Trans-Am in the 1990s with Tommy Kendal winning championships in 1993, 1995, 1996, and 1997 with Paul Gentilozi adding yet another title in 1999. In 2005 the Ford Mustang FR500C took the championship in the Rolex Koni Challenge Series in its first year on the circuit. In 2007 Ford added a victory in the GT4 European Championship. 2008 was the first year of the Mustang Challenge for the Miller Cup, a series which pits a full field of identical factory built Ford Mustang race cars against each other. Also in 2008, Ford won the manufacturers championship in the Koni Challenge Series and HyperSport drivers Joe Foster and Steve Maxwell won the drivers title in a Mustang GT.

Touring cars [link]

Ford Performance Racing Ford Falcon V8 Supercar at Eastern Creek in Australia in 2008.

Ford has campaigned touring cars such as the Focus, Falcon, and Contour/Mondeo and the Sierra Cosworth in many different series throughout the years. Notably, Mondeo drivers finished 1,2,3 in the 2000 British Touring Car Championship and Falcon drivers placed 1,2,3 in the 2005 V8 Supercar Championship Series.

Other [link]

In the Indianapolis 500, Ford powered IndyCars won 17 times between 1965 and 1996^{[citation needed]}. Ford has also branched out into drifting with the introduction of the new model Mustang. Most noticeable is the Turquoise and Blue Falken Tires Mustang driven by Vaughn Gittin Jr, A.K.A. "JR". with 750 RWHP (Rear Wheel Horsepower). In drag racing, John Force Racing drivers John Force, Tony Pedregon, and Robert Hight have piloted Ford Mustang Funny Cars to several NHRA titles in recent seasons. Teammates Tim Wilkerson and Bob Tasca III also drive Mustangs in Funny Car. Formula Ford, a formula for single-seater cars without wings and originally on road tires were conceived in 1966 in the UK as an entry-level formula for racing drivers. Many of today's racing drivers started their car racing careers in this category.

Environmental initiatives [link]

The Ford Focus Flexifuel was the first E85 flexible fuel vehicle commercially available in the European market.

Ford Escape Hybrid (top) and U.S. flex fuel version (below).

All Ford's alternative fuel and hybrid models are identified by Ford's leaf road logo badge.

Ford Escape plug-in hybrid test vehicle.

Mulally (second from left) with then-President George W. Bush at the Kansas City Assembly plant in Claycomo, Missouri on March 20, 2007, touting Ford's new hybrid cars.

Ford announced in late 2008 July that it will bring six of its more fuel-efficient European models to the U.S.^[76]

Compressed natural gas [link]

The alternative fossil fuel vehicles, such as some versions of the Crown Victoria especially in fleet and taxi service, operate on compressed natural gas—or CNG. Some CNG vehicles have dual fuel tanks – one for gasoline, the other for CNG – the same engine can operate on either fuel via a selector switch.

Flexible fuel vehicles [link]

Flexible fuel vehicles are designed to operate smoothly using a wide range of available ethanol fuel mixtures—from pure gasoline, to bioethanol-gasoline blends such as E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) or E100 (neat hydrous ethanol) in Brazil. Part of the challenge of successful marketing alternative and flexible fuel vehicles in the U.S., is the general lack of establishment of sufficient fueling stations, which would be essential for these vehicles to be attractive to a wide range of consumers. Significant efforts to ramp up production and distribution of E85 fuels are underway and expanding.^[77]

Ford is also planning to produce 250,000 E85-capable vehicles a year in the US, adding to some 1.6 million already sold in the last 10 years.^[78]

Current Ford E85 Flexible Fuel Vehicles sold in North America and Europe are:^[79]

Current Ford E100 Flex sold in the Brazilian market are:

Electric vehicles [link]

Ford Motor Co. expects electric vehicles will represent a "major portion" of its lineup a decade from now as the automaker breaks away from a recent reliance on pickup trucks and SUVs. The stakes are high because Ford's stepped-up investment is coming at a time when the U.S. government is demanding steep increases in fuel economy and has put money forward to help automakers adopt new fuel-saving technologies.^[80]

Ford Motor Co. will partner with Coulomb Technologies to provide nearly 5,000 free in-home charging stations for some of the automaker's first electric vehicle customers, under the Ford Blue Oval ChargePoint Program.^[81]

Hybrid electric vehicles [link]

Main article: Hybrid electric vehicle

In 2004 both Ford and Toyota agreed on a patent sharing accord which granted Ford access to certain hybrid technology patented by Toyota, in exchange Ford licensed Toyota some of their own patents.^[82]^[83]^[84]

Ford did improve fuel efficiency during 2005, with the introduction of the Hybrid-Electric Escape. With this vehicle, Ford was third to the automotive market with a hybrid electric vehicle and the first hybrid electric SUV to market. This was also the first hybrid electric vehicle with a flexible fuel capability to run on E85.^[85] The Escape's platform mate Mercury Mariner was also available with the hybrid-electric system in the 2006 model year—a full year ahead of schedule. The similar Mazda Tribute will also receive a hybrid-electric powertrain option, along with many other vehicles in the Ford vehicle line.

In 2005 Ford announced its goal to make 250,000 hybrids a year by 2010, but by mid-2006 announced that it would not meet that goal, due to excessively high costs and the lack of sufficient supplies of the hybrid-electric batteries and drivetrain system components.^[86] Instead, Ford has committed to accelerating development of next-generation hybrid-electric power plants in Britain, in collaboration with Volvo. This engineering study is expected to yield more than 100 new hybrid-electric vehicle models and derivatives. There are also plans for hybrid versions of the Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX.

Ford announced on 2007-07-09 that it will team up with Southern California Edison (SCE) to examine the future of plug-in hybrids in terms of how home and vehicle energy systems will work with the electrical grid. Under the multi-million-dollar, multi-year project, Ford will convert a demonstration fleet of Ford Escape Hybrids into plug-in hybrids, and SCE will evaluate how the vehicles might interact with the home and the utility's electrical grid. Some of the vehicles will be evaluated "in typical customer settings", according to Ford.^[20]^[21]

On June 12, 2008 USDOE expanded its own fleet of alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles with the addition of a Ford Escape Plug-In Hybrid Flex-Fuel Vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with a 10-kilowatt (13 hp) lithium-ion battery supplied by Johnson Controls-Saft that stores enough electric energy to drive up to 30 miles (48 km) at speeds of up to 40 mph (64 km/h).^[87]

In March 2009 Ford launched to the U.S. market the Ford Fusion Hybrid and the Mercury Milan Hybrid, both as 2010 models.^[88]

Ford is going to introduce a plug-in hybrid to challenge the Chevy Volt by 2012^[80]^[89] and more charge-maintaining hybrids (traditional gas-electric hybrids), beginning with one in 2011.

Current and planned Ford hybrid electric vehicles:

All-electric vehicles [link]

Main article: All-electric vehicle

Ford ended the Think City experiment and ordered all the cars repossessed and destroyed, even as many of the people leasing them begged to be able to buy the cars from Ford. After outcry from the lessees and activists in the US and Norway, Ford returned the cars to Norway for sale.

Bill Ford was one of the first top industry executives to make regular use of an battery electric vehicle, a Ford Ranger EV, while the company contracted with the United States Postal Service to deliver electric postal vans based on the Ranger EV platform..Ford discontinued a line of electric Ranger pickup trucks and ordered them destroyed, though it reversed in January 2005, after environmentalist protest.^[90]

The North American Focus EV is based on next generation Focus fuel vehicle, converted to an electric propulsion system as a Production EV by Magna International, and is planned to be launched in late 2011. Ford plans to have 10,000 Focus EVs on the road beginning in late 2011 in partnership with Magna International and it will be a global vehicle that will be sold in the three key markets of North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific. The Focus EV has a maximum range of about 160 kilometers or 100 miles, and a top speed of about 120+ kilometers or 75+ miles per hour.^[91]^[92]

Current and planned Ford electric vehicles:^[80]^[89]

2010 All-electric Transit Connect
2011 All-electric small car in late 2011 (Ford Focus EV).
2013 C-MAX Energi coming fall 2012

Ford battery electric vehicle (BEV) demonstrators are included in a British project that is part of the UK government's zero carbon vehicle fleet of Focus BEVs. The BEV demonstrator fleet is being developed partly with public funding from the government's Technology Strategy Board (TSB), which promotes innovative industry-led projects that reduce CO2 while benefiting the UK's transport system.^[93]

Hydrogen [link]

Ford also continues to study Fuel Cell-powered electric powertrains, and has demonstrated hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine technologies, as well as developing the next-generation hybrid-electric systems. Compared with conventional vehicles, hybrid vehicles and/or fuel cell vehicles decrease air pollution emissions as well as sound levels, with favorable impacts upon respiratory health and decrease of noise health effects.

Ford has launched the production of hydrogen-powered shuttle buses, using hydrogen instead of gasoline in a standard internal combustion engine, for use at airports and convention centers.^[94] At the 2006 Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, Ford showcased a hydrogen fuel cell version of its Explorer SUV. The Fuel cell Explorer has a combined output of 174 hp (130 kW). It has a large hydrogen storage tank which is situated in the center of the car taking the original place of the conventional model's automatic transmission. The centered position of the tank assists the vehicle reach a notable range of 350 miles (563 km), the farthest for a fuel cell vehicle so far. The fuel cell Explorer the first in a series of prototypes partly funded by the United States Department of Energy to expand efforts to determine the feasibility of hydrogen- powered vehicles. The fuel cell Explorer is one of several vehicles with green technology being featured at the L.A. show, including the 2008 Ford Escape Hybrid, PZEV emissions compliant Fusion and Focus models and a 2008 Ford F-Series Super Duty outfitted with Ford's clean diesel technology.

Increased fuel efficiency [link]

File:Ford EcoBoost logo.jpg

All Ford's models with EcoBoost engines are identified by Ford's leaf road logo badge.

Ford Motor Company announced it will accelerate its plans to produce more fuel-efficient cars, changing both its North American manufacturing plans and its lineup of vehicles available in the United States. In terms of North American manufacturing, the company will convert three existing truck and sport utility vehicle (SUV) plants for small car production, with the first conversion starting in December at its Michigan Truck Plant. In addition, Ford's assembly plants near Mexico City, Mexico, and in Louisville, Kentucky, will convert from pickups and SUVs to small cars, including the Ford Fiesta, by 2011. Ford will also introduce to North America six of its European small vehicles, including two versions of the Ford Fiesta, by the end of 2012. And last but not least, Ford is stepping up its production of fuel-efficient "EcoBoost" V-6 and four-cylinder engines, while increasing its production of hybrid vehicles.

Ford of Europe developed the ECOnetic programme to address the market and legislative need for higher fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. As opposed to the hybrid engine technology used in competitor products such as the Toyota Prius, ECOnetic improves existing technology. Using lower consuming Duratorq TDCi diesel engines, and based on a combination of improved aerodynamics, lower resistance and improved efficiency, the Ford Fiesta is currently the lowest emitting mass-produced car in Europe,^[95] while the 2012 Ford Focus ECOnetic will have better fuel consumption that the Prius or the Volkswagen Golf BlueMotion.^[96] ECOnetic is not presently planned to be sold in North American due to current perceived lower consumer demand.^[97]

Ford has challenged University teams to create a vehicle that is simple, durable, lightweight and come equipped with a base target price of only $7,000 The students from Aachen University created the "2015 Ford Model T".^[98]^[99]

In 2000, under the leadership of the current Ford chairman, William Clay Ford, the Company announced^[100] a planned 25 percent improvement in the average mileage of its light truck fleet – including its popular SUVs – to be completed by the 2005 calendar year. In 2003, Ford announced that competitive market conditions and technological and cost challenges would prevent the company from achieving this goal.^[101]

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have, however, listed Ford as the seventh-worst corporate producer of air pollution, primarily because of the manganese compounds, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and glycol ethers released from its casting, truck, and assembly plants.^[102] The United States Environmental Protection Agency has linked Ford to 54 Superfund toxic waste sites, twelve of which have been cleaned up and deleted from the list.^[103]

For the 2007 model year, Ford had thirteen U.S. models that achieve 30 miles per gallon or better (based on the highway fuel economy estimates of the EPA) and several of Ford's vehicles were recognized in the EPA and Department of Energy Fuel Economy Guide for best-in-class fuel economy. Ford claimed to have eliminated nearly three million pounds of smog-forming emissions from their U.S. cars and light trucks over the 2004 to 2006 model years.^[104]

PC power management [link]

On March 2010, Ford announced its PC power management system which it developed with NightWatchman software from 1E. The company is expected to save $1.2m on power cost and reduce carbon footprint by an estimated 16,000 to 25,000 metric tons annually when the system is fully implemented.

PC power management is being rolled out to all Ford computer users in US this month and it will be used in Ford operations around the world later in the year. Computers with this power profile enabled will monitor its usage patterns and decides when it can be turned off. PC user will be alerted of the approaching power down time and given the opportunity to delay it.

According to company reduction in carbon footprint and power cost will be achieved by developing 'Power Profiles' for every PC in the company.^[105]

Sponsorships [link]

Ford sponsors numerous events and sports facilities around the US, most notably Ford Center (now Chesapeake Energy Arena) in downtown Oklahoma City and Ford Field in downtown Detroit.^[106]

Notes [link]

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^ Ford Family's Stake Is Smaller, But They're Richer And Still Firmly In Control
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^ ^a ^b "Ford Motor Company / 2009 Annual Report" (PDF). http://www.ford.com/doc/2009_annual_report.pdf. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
^ Money.CNN.com – Ford gets 5 top quality awards – June 7, 2007
^ Edmunds AutoObserver.com – J.D Power: Ford Is a Winner – June 7, 2007
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^ Leggett, Theo (March 6, 2005). "Ford fighting to keep its shine". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4297305.stm. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
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^ Rebate wars^{[dead link]}
^ "Ford to Cut Up to 30,000 Jobs and 14 Plants in Next 6 Years". The New York Times. January 23, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/23/automobiles/23cnd-ford.html?ei=5090&en=cf46b8ec2384929d&ex=1295672400&adxnnl=1&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&adxnnlx=1163187340-bR8cdDJ67iqlJbzzYR/lig.
^ Zaun, Todd; Hakim, Danny (March 10, 2004). "Ford to License Toyota's Hybrid Technology". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E6DE153EF933A25750C0A9629C8B63. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
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^ ^a ^b "EERE News: EERE Network News". Eere.energy.gov. September 15, 2010. http://www.eere.energy.gov/news/enn.cfm#id_11093. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Ford Motor Company – Press Release – Ford Motor Company And Southern California Edison Join Forces To Advance A New Transportation And Energy Vision^{[dead link]}
^ "Ford Bets The House". The Detroit News. November 28, 2006. http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061128/AUTO01/611280378. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
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^ "Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jag, Land Rover". Thomson Reuters. June 2, 2008. http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSBMA00084220080602. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
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^ "GM and Chrysler to Receive Up to $17.4 Billion in Loans". CNBC.com. December 19, 2008. http://www.cnbc.com/id/28312112. Retrieved September 19, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
^ GM, Ford default swaps fall on Bush bailout plan, Karen Brettell, Reuters, December 19, 2008
^ Dolan, Matthew D., and John D. Stoll (April 7, 2009).Ford Trims Debt 28%. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on July 23, 2009.
^ Bunkley, Nick (January 28, 2010). "Ford Profit Comes as Toyota Hits a Bump". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/business/29ford.html. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
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^ "Ford Commits $75 Million For India Operations". Expansionmanagement.com. http://www.expansionmanagement.com/cmd/articledetail/articleid/17483/default.asp. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
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^ "Ford Motor Company Sets New Full Year U.S. Sales Record". Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/press/date/20010103/press033466.html. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
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^ "Ford Motor Company 2007 sales". January 3, 2008. http://media.ford.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=27379.
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^ "FORD CAPS 2009 WITH 33 PERCENT SALES INCREASE, FIRST FULL-YEAR MARKET SHARE GAIN SINCE 1995, Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. January 5, 2010. http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=31604. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
^ "FORD’S 2010 SALES UP 19 PERCENT – LARGEST INCREASE OF ANY FULL-LINE AUTOMAKER; FOUNDATION SET FOR GROWTH IN 2011 | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. 2011-01-04. http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=33704. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
^ "Auto Sales - Markets Data Center - WSJ.com". Online.wsj.com. http://online.wsj.com/mdc/public/page/2_3022-autosales.html. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
^ Neal E. Boudette and Sharon Terlep (June 14, 2010). "Auto-Sales Optimism Fades". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704067504575304951455734906.html.
^ Chris Isidore (June 2, 2010). "GM, Ford sales gains outpace Toyota". CNNMoney.com. http://money.cnn.com/2010/06/02/news/companies/auto_sales/index.htm.
^ Jesse Snyder (August 9, 2010). "Fleets fuel surge at GM, Chrysler". Automotive News. http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100809/RETAIL01/308099960/1401.
^ "Back to the future for Ford". The Engineer. 26 October 2007. http://www.theengineer.co.uk/news/back-to-the-future-for-ford/302785.article. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
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^ "Kia soars ahead of the others". The New Zealand Herald. September 20, 2006. http://subs.nzherald.co.nz/search/story.cfm?storyid=0008D79C-84BE-150F-80B783027AF100AD. ^{[dead link]}
^ "About Ford Thailand". Ford.co.th. http://www.ford.co.th/servlet/ContentServer?cid=1178851736434&pagename=FTHEN%2FDFYPage%2FFord-Default&c=DFYPage. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
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^ "Ford Motor Company: Global Websites". http://www.ford.com/en/company/about/countrySites/default.htm.
^ Tignor, Robert, L. (Summer 1990). "In The Grip Of Politics: The Ford Motor Company Of Egypt, 1945–1960". Middle East Journal 44 (3): 383–198.
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^ "FORD ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT TO SELL ASTON MARTIN" (Press release). Ford Motor Company. March 12, 2007. http://media.ford.com/newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=25635. ^{[dead link]}
^ Ford Sells Major Stake in Aston Martin. March 12, 2007.
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^ [1]^{[dead link]}
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^ "Leading the Way with Ethanol-Capable Vehicles". http://www.ford.com/en/innovation/technology/ethanolCapableVehicles/default.htm. ^{[dead link]}
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References and further reading [link]

Bak, Richard. Henry and Edsel: The Creation of the Ford Empire (2003)
Bardou; Jean-Pierre, Jean-Jacques Chanaron, Patrick Fridenson, and James M. Laux. The Automobile Revolution: The Impact of an Industry University of North Carolina Press, 1982
Batchelor, Ray. Henry Ford: Mass Production, Modernism and Design Manchester U. Press, 1994
Bonin, Huber et al. Ford, 1902–2003: The European History 2 vol Paris 2003. ISBN 2-914369-06-9 scholarly essays in English on Ford operations in Europe; reviewed in Len Holden, Len. "Fording the Atlantic: Ford and Fordism in Europe" in Business History Volume 47, #January 1, 2005 pp 122–127
Bowman, Timothy J. Spirituality at Work: An Exploratory Sociological Investigation of the Ford Motor Company. London School of Economics and Political Science, 2004
Brinkley, Douglas G. Wheels for the World: Henry Ford, His Company, and a Century of Progress (2003)
Brinkley, Douglas. "Prime Mover". American Heritage 2003 54(3): 44–53. on Model T
Bryan, Ford R. Henry's Lieutenants, 1993; ISBN 0-8143-2428-2
Bucci, Federico. Albert Kahn: Architect of Ford Princeton Architectural Press, 1993
Cabadas, Joseph P. River Rouge: Ford's Industrial Colossus (2004), heavily illustrated
Dempsey, Mary A. "Fordlandia' Michigan History 1994 78(4): 24–33. Ford's rubber plantation in Brazil
Flink, James. America Adopts the Automobile, 1895–1910 MIT Press, 1970
Foster, Mark S. "The Model T, The Hard Sell, and Los Angeles Urban Growth: The Decentralization of Los Angeles During the 1920s." Pacific Historical Review 44.4 (November 1975): 459–84
David Halberstam, The Reckoning (1986) detailed reporting on the crises of 1973-mid 1980s
Iacocca, Lee and William Novak. Iacocca: An Autobiography (1984)
Jacobson, D. S. "The Political Economy of Industrial Location: the Ford Motor Company at Cork 1912–26." Irish Economic and Social History [Ireland] 1977 4: 36–55. Ford and Irish politics
Lacey, Robert "Ford: The Men and the Machine" (Heinnemann, London) 0 414 401027 (1986)
Levinson, William A. Henry Ford's Lean Vision: Enduring Principles from the First Ford Motor Plant, 2002; ISBN 1-56327-260-1
Kuhn, Arthur J. GM Passes Ford, 1918–1938: Designing the General Motors Performance-Control System. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1986
Magee, David. Ford Tough: Bill Ford and the Battle to Rebuild America's Automaker (2004)
Maxton, Graeme P. and John Wormald, Time for a Model Change: Re-engineering the Global Automotive Industry (2004)
May, George S. A Most Unique Machine: The Michigan Origins of the American Automobile Industry Eerdman's, 1975
Maynard, Micheline. The End of Detroit: How the Big Three Lost Their Grip on the American Car Market (2003)
McIntyre, Stephen L. "The Failure of Fordism: Reform of the Automobile Repair Industry, 1913–1940: Technology and Culture 2000 41(2): 269–299. repair shops rejected flat rates
Nevins, Allan; Frank Ernest Hill (1954). Ford: The Times, The Man, The Company. New York: Charles Scribners' Sons.
Nevins, Allan; Frank Ernest Hill (1957). Ford: Expansion and Challenge, 1915–1933. New York: Charles Scribners' Sons.
Nevins, Allan; Frank Ernest Hill (1962). Ford: Decline and Rebirth, 1933–1962. New York: Charles Scribners' Sons.
Rubenstein; James M. The Changing U.S. Auto Industry: A Geographical Analysis Routledge, 1992
Shiomi, Haruhito and Kazuo Wada. Fordism Transformed: The Development of Production Methods in the Automobile Industry Oxford University Press, 1995
Sorensen, Charles E.; with Williamson, Samuel T. (1956), My Forty Years with Ford, New York, New York, USA: Norton, LCCN 56010854 . Various republications, including ISBN 9780814332795.
Studer-Noguez; Isabel. Ford and the Global Strategies of Multinationals: The North American Auto Industry Routledge, 2002
Tedlow, Richard S. "The Struggle for Dominance in the Automobile Market: the Early Years of Ford and General Motors" Business and Economic History 1988 17: 49–62. Ford stressed low price based on efficient factories but GM did better in oligopolistic competition by including investment in manufacturing, marketing, and management
Thomas, Robert Paul. "The Automobile Industry and its Tycoon" Explorations in Entrepreneurial History 1969 6(2): 139–157. argues Ford did NOT have much influence on US industry
Watts, Steven. The People's Tycoon: Henry Ford and the American Century (2005)
Wik, Reynold M. Henry Ford and Grass-Roots America. University of Michigan Press, 1972. impact on farmers
Wilkins, Mira and Frank Ernest Hill, American Business Abroad: Ford on Six Continents Wayne State University Press, 1964
Williams, Karel, Colin Haslam and John Williams, "Ford versus 'Fordism': The Beginning of Mass Production?" Work, Employment & Society, Vol. 6, No. 4, 517–555 (1992), stress on Ford's flexibility and commitment to continuous improvements.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ford

Ford Motor Company

Marques

Current	Ford Lincoln

Discontinued	Continental Edsel Mercury Merkur Meteor Monarch

Former	Aston Martin Daimler Jaguar Lagonda Land Rover Th!nk Volvo

Divisions and
subsidiaries

Current	Automotive Components Holdings Ford of Argentina Ford of Australia Ford of Brazil Ford of Canada Ford of Europe (Ford of Britain, Ford Germany) Ford India Ford Motor Company of New Zealand Ford Motor Company Philippines Ford Motor Credit Company Ford Racing (Ford Team RS) Motorcraft Special Vehicle Team Troller

Discontinued	Ford of Russia Ford SAF Mercury Premier Automotive Group Special Vehicle Operations

Former	Aston Martin Lagonda Cosworth Ford Aerospace Hertz Corporation Jaguar Cars Kwik-Fit Land Rover New Holland Agriculture Visteon Volvo Car Corporation

Joint ventures and
shareholdings

Current	Aston Martin Lagonda AutoAlliance International (50%) AutoAlliance Thailand Changan Ford Mazda (35%) Ford Lio Ho Ford Performance Vehicles (49%) Ford Sollers (50%) Getrag Ford Transmissions (50%) Jiangling Motors Mazda Otosan (41%)

Defunct	Autolatina Matford Samcor

Facilities and
products

People

Designers
Ford Family
Henry Ford (Founder)
William Clay Ford, Jr. (Executive Chairman)
Alan R. Mulally (President and CEO)
List of CEOs

Other

Website: Ford.com
Ticker: NYSE: F
Founded: June 16, 1903
Headquarters: Dearborn, Michigan

Category
Commons

Links to related articles

Ford vehicles

Ford Motor Company

Current
production
models

Cars	B-Max C-Max Falcon Fiesta Figo Fusion (Europe) Fusion (North America) Focus G6 Galaxy i-MAX (Taiwan) Ka Kuga Mondeo Mustang S-Max Taurus

Trucks/ SUVs/Vans	Bantam Cargo Courier E-Series Econovan EcoSport Edge Escape Expedition & EL/Max Explorer Everest / Endeavour F-Series & Super Duty F-650/F-750 Flex Pronto Ranger (global) Territory Tourneo Tourneo Connect Transit Transit Connect

Former
production
models

1900s	Model A/AC Model B Model C Model F Model K Model N Model R Model S Model T

1910s–1920s	Model TT Model A Model AA

1930s–1940s	Model B Model BB Model Y Köln Rheinland Model 48 Model C Ten Eifel Model CX 1937 Ford Model 7W Model 7Y E83W Prefect Anglia 1941 Ford Vedette Pilot 1949 Ford

1950s	1952 Ford 1955 Ford 1957 Ford C-Series Trucks Consul Country Sedan Country Squire Courier Del Rio Edsel (Brand) Fairlane Galaxie Mainline Parklane Popular Ranchero Squire Taunus Thunderbird Versailles Zephyr

1960s	1960 Ford Bronco Capri Corcel Corsair Cortina Escort Fairlane Thunderbolt Ford Falcon GT40 H-Series Trucks LTD N-Series Trucks Torino W-Series Trucks

1970s	Elite Fairmont Granada L-Series Trucks Landau (Australia) Maverick P100 Pinto

1980s	Aerostar Bantam Bronco II Del Rey Escort EXP Festiva Laser / Lynx / Tierra / Meteor LTD Crown Victoria Orion Probe Ford Ranger (North America) RS200 Scorpio Sierra Telstar Tempo Verona

1990s	Aspire Contour Cougar Crown Victoria & Police Interceptor Maverick Puma Windstar ZX2

2000s	Activa Excursion Explorer Sport Trac Fairlane (Australian) Five Hundred Freestar Freestyle/Taurus X GT Ikon Maverick (Europe) Sportka/Streetka

Other

North American bus builders

Active

Defunct

v t e Ford car timeline, North American market, 1946–1979 — next »
Type	1940s				1950s										1960s										1970s
Type	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Subcompact																										Pinto
Subcompact																																	Fiesta
Compact															Falcon				Falcon		Falcon				Maverick								Fairmont
Compact																														Granada
Mid-size																									Falcon 70½
																	Fairlane				Fairlane		Fairlane		Fairlane
																							Torino		Torino		Torino					LTD II
Full-size	Deluxe			Ford	Deluxe		Mainline			Mainline
	Super Deluxe			Custom			Customline			Customline		Custom						300	Custom	Custom				Custom
							Crestline			Fairlane		Fairlane			Fairlane
														Galaxie	Galaxie					Galaxie				Galaxie
																						LTD		LTD										LTD
Personal luxury													Thunderbird			Thunderbird			Thunderbird			Thunderbird			Thunderbird		Thunderbird					Thunderbird
Sports										Thunderbird									Mustang										Mustang II					Mustang

v t e « previous — Ford car timeline, North American market, 1980–present
Type	1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
Type	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3
Subcompact	Fiesta						Festiva								Aspire																	Fiesta
Compact	Pinto	Escort										Escort						Escort
																					Focus								Focus				Focus
	Fairmont				Tempo				Tempo							Contour
Mid-size	Granada			LTD																							Fusion							Fusion
Mid-size							Taurus						Taurus				Taurus
Full-size	LTD			LTD Crown Victoria									Crown Victoria						Crown Victoria
	Country Squire																				Taurus								Taurus		Taurus
																										Five Hundred
Personal luxury	Thunderbird			Thunderbird						Thunderbird													Thunderbird
Sport compact			EXP				EXP			Probe				Probe					Escort ZX2			ZX2
Sports	Mustang														Mustang											Mustang
Sports																										GT

v t e Ford Motor Company light truck timeline, North American market, 1948–1979 — next »
Type	1940s		1950s										1960s										1970s
Type	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
SUV																			Bronco												Bronco
Coupé utility										Ranchero			Ranchero							Ranchero	Ranchero		Ranchero		Ranchero					Ranchero
Compact pickup																									Courier					Courier
Full-size pickup	F-Series					F-Series				F-Series				F-Series						F-Series						F-Series
Van														Econoline							Econoline							Econoline / Club Wagon

v t e « previous - Ford Motor Company light truck timeline, North America, 1980s–present
Type	1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
Type	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3
Compact crossover																																		Escape
Mid-size crossover																												Edge
Mid-size crossover																										Freestyle			Taurus X
Full-size crossover																																Explorer
Full-size crossover																														Flex
Compact SUV					Bronco II					Bronco II												Escape							Escape
Mid-size SUV												Explorer				Explorer							Explorer				Explorer
Full-size SUV	Bronco							Bronco					Bronco					Expedition						Expedition				Expedition
Full-size SUV																					Excursion							Expedition EL/Max
Compact pickup	Courier			Ranger										Ranger					Ranger
Mid-size pickup																						Explorer Sport Trac						Explorer Sport Trac
Full-size pickup	F-Series							F-Series					F-Series					F-Series							F-Series					F-Series
Full-size pickup																				Super Duty									Super Duty			Super Duty
Minivan							Aerostar						Aerostar																		Transit Connect
Minivan																Windstar				Windstar					Freestar
Van	Econoline												Econoline/E-Series

v t e « previous — Ford car timeline, European market, 1980s–present
Type	1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
Type	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2
City car																	Ka I													Ka II
Supermini	Fiesta I			Fiesta II						Fiesta III						Fiesta IV							Fiesta V						Fiesta VI
Small family car	Escort Mk3 / Orion I						Escort Mk4 / Orion II				Escort Mk5 / Orion III			Escort Mk5b		Escort Mk6			Focus I						Focus II							Focus III
Large family car	Cortina V / Taunus III		Sierra I					Sierra II						Mondeo I				Mondeo II			Mondeo III							Mondeo IV
Executive car	Granada II					Scorpio I / Granada III									Scorpio II
Coupé	Capri																	Puma
Coupé										Probe										Cougar
Compact SUV														Maverick
CUV																						Maverick							Kuga
CUV																							Fusion
Mini MPV																																	B-MAX
Compact MPV																								C-MAX I							C-MAX II
Large MPV																											S-MAX
Large MPV																Galaxy I						Galaxy II					Galaxy III

v t e Ford Motor Company of Australia automobile timeline, 1980s–present
Type	1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
Type	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2
City																				Ka
Subcompact												Festiva			Festiva										Fiesta				Fiesta
Compact	Escort	Laser				Laser					Laser				Laser					Laser			Focus			Focus					Focus
Compact			Meteor
Mid-size	Cortina			Telstar								Telstar					Taurus
Mid-size										Corsair						Mondeo												Mondeo
Full-size	Falcon / Fairmont								Falcon / Fairmont										Falcon / Fairmont										Falcon / G Series
Full-size	Fairlane / LTD								Fairlane / LTD										Fairlane / LTD
Sports										Capri					Probe					Cougar
Sports																						Mustang
Utility	Courier																			Courier								Ranger					Ranger
Utility	Falcon Ute																		Falcon Ute										Falcon Ute
Van	Falcon Van
				Spectron
	Econovan				Econovan															Econovan
	Transit														Transit						Transit							Transit
Compact SUV																						Escape							Escape
Compact SUV																																	Kuga
Mid-size SUV												Raider													Territory
Mid-size SUV		Bronco							Maverick								Explorer					Explorer

v t e British Leyland – car companies and marques
Marque	1900s			1910s		1920s		1930s			1940s			1950s		1960s				1970s	1980s		1990s		2000s			2010s
Jaguar							SS Cars						Jaguar			Jaguar & Daimler		BMH	BLMC / British Leyland			Jaguar & Daimler	Ford (PAG)				Tata
Daimler	Daimler			BSA				BSA
Lanchester	Lanchester							BSA
Rover		Rover Company											Rover Company				Rover Company					Austin Rover Group & Land Rover Group (BL plc)	Rover Group (BAe)	Rover Group (BMW)	MG Rover Group (PVH)
Land Rover													Rover Company											Rover Group (BMW)	Ford (PAG)
Alvis							Alvis																	BAE Systems
Standard		Standard										Standard Triumph				Leyland Motors								British Motor Heritage
Triumph				Dawson		Triumph						Standard Triumph				Leyland Motors								BMW
Riley	Riley									Nuffield Organisation					BMC			BMH						BMW
MG							Morris Garages (MG)																	Rover Group (BMW)	MG Rover Group (PVH)	SAIC & NAC	SAIC
Morris					Morris				Morris
Wolseley	Wolseley								Morris
Austin			Austin										Austin
Vanden Plas			Vanden Plas										Austin
Mini																									BMW
Austin-Healey															Austin (BMC) & Donald Healey
Marque	1900s			1910s		1920s		1930s			1940s			1950s		1960s				1970s	1980s		1990s		2000s			2010s

v t e British car industry – companies and marques
Marque	1900s					1910s			1920s				1930s				1940s				1950s			1960s					1970s					1980s				1990s					2000s					2010s
Rolls-Royce			Rolls-Royce Limited										Rolls-Royce Limited & Bentley																	Rolls-Royce Motors				Rolls-Royce Motors (Vickers)								BMW & VW Group			BMW
Bentley									Bentley				Rolls-Royce Limited & Bentley																	Rolls-Royce Motors				Rolls-Royce Motors (Vickers)								Volkswagen Group
Armstrong Siddeley					Siddeley-Deasy			Armstrong Whitworth				Armstrong Siddeley												Bristol Siddeley				Rolls-Royce Limited									Rolls-Royce plc
Aston Martin							Aston Martin													Aston Martin Lagonda																			Ford PAG								Aston Martin Lagonda
Lagonda			Lagonda																	Aston Martin Lagonda																			Ford PAG								Aston Martin Lagonda
Jaguar										SS Cars									Jaguar					Jaguar & Daimler			BMH	BLMC / British Leyland							Jaguar & Daimler			Ford (PAG)									Tata
Daimler	Daimler					BSA							BSA
Lanchester	Lanchester												BSA
Rover		Rover Company																	Rover Company							Rover Company									Austin Rover Group & Land Rover Group (BL plc)			Rover Group (BAe)		Rover Group (BMW)			MG Rover Group (PVH)
Land Rover																			Rover Company																					Rover Group (BMW)			Ford (PAG)
Alvis										Alvis																														BAE Systems
Standard		Standard																Standard Triumph						Leyland Motors																British Motor Heritage
Triumph						Dawson			Triumph									Standard Triumph						Leyland Motors																BMW
Riley	Riley															Nuffield Organisation						BMC					BMH													BMW
MG										Morris Garages (MG)																														Rover Group (BMW)			MG Rover Group (PVH)			SAIC & NAC	SAIC
Morris							Morris								Morris
Wolseley	Wolseley														Morris
Austin			Austin																Austin
Vanden Plas			Vanden Plas																Austin
Mini																																											BMW
Austin-Healey																						Austin (BMC) & Donald Healey
Jensen														Jensen Motors																		Britcar Holdings				Jensen Cars
Reliant															Reliant																Reliant
Bond																				Bond											Reliant
AC			AC Cars (several ownership & company name changes)
Argyll	Argyll																																Argyll
Bristol Cars																		Bristol Cars
Caterham																															Caterham
Crossley			Crossley
Dutton																													Dutton											Dutton
Ginetta																							Ginetta
Gordon-Keeble																							Peerless & Warwick		Gordon-Keeble
Jowett				Jowett																			Blackburn
Lea-Francis		Lea-Francis
Lotus																						Lotus														General Motors Europe					Proton
McLaren																																					McLaren
Marcos																							Marcos										Marcos											Marcos
Morgan					Morgan
Napier	Napier
Turner																						Turner
TVR																			TVR
Westfield																																			Westfield											Potenza Sports Cars
GTM																											GTM																			Potenza Sports Cars
Vauxhall		Vauxhall Motors								General Motors																										General Motors Europe												Opel
Vulcan		Vulcan
Hillman				Hillman							Humber			Rootes														Chrysler Europe (Chrysler)					Peugeot (PSA)
Humber	Humber										Humber			Rootes
Singer			Singer																				Rootes
Sunbeam	Sunbeam								Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq					Rootes			(as Sunbeam-Talbot) Rootes					Rootes
Talbot		Talbot							Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq					Rootes			(as Sunbeam-Talbot) Rootes					Rootes
Marque	1900s					1910s			1920s				1930s				1940s				1950s			1960s					1970s					1980s				1990s					2000s					2010s

v t e Principal owners of the Houston Astros franchise

Houston Colt .45's (1962-1964)	Roy Hofheinz

Houston Astros (1965-present)	Roy Hofheinz General Electric & Ford Motor Company John McMullen Drayton McLane, Jr. Jim Crane

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"Kylie" redirects here. For other uses, see Kylie (disambiguation).

Kylie Minogue

Background information
Birth name	Kylie Ann Minogue
Born	(1968-05-28) 28 May 1968 (age 44) Melbourne, Australia
Genres	Pop, synthpop, nu-disco,^[1]^[2] dance-pop
Occupations	Singer, songwriter, actress, record producer, fashion designer, author, entrepreneur, showgirl
Years active	1979–present
Labels	PWL, Mushroom, Deconstruction, Parlophone, Warner Music Australia
Website	kylie.com

Kylie Ann Minogue, OBE ( /ˈkaɪliː mɨˈnoʊɡ/; born 28 May 1968) — often known simply as Kylie — is an Australian singer, recording artist, songwriter, showgirl, and actress. After beginning her career as a child actress on Australian television, she achieved recognition through her role in the television soap opera Neighbours, before commencing her career as a recording artist in 1987. Her first single, "Locomotion", spent seven weeks at number one on the Australian singles chart and became the highest selling single of the decade. This led to a contract with songwriters and producers Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Her debut album, Kylie (1988), and the single "I Should Be So Lucky", each reached number one in the United Kingdom, and over the next two years, her first 13 singles reached the British top ten. Her debut film, The Delinquents (1989) was a box-office hit in Australia and the UK, and received generally positive reviews.

Initially presented as a "girl next door", Minogue attempted to convey a more mature style in her music and public image. Her singles were well received, but after four albums her record sales were declining, and she left Stock, Aitken & Waterman in 1992 to establish herself as an independent performer. Her next single, "Confide in Me", reached number one in Australia and was a hit in several European countries in 1994, and a duet with Nick Cave, "Where the Wild Roses Grow", brought Minogue a greater degree of artistic credibility. Drawing inspiration from a range of musical styles and artists, Minogue took creative control over the songwriting for her next album, Impossible Princess (1997). It failed to attract strong reviews or sales in the UK, but was successful in Australia.

Minogue returned to prominence in 2000 with the single "Spinning Around" and the dance-oriented album Light Years, and she performed during the closing ceremonies of the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Her music videos showed a more sexually provocative and flirtatious personality and several hit singles followed. "Can't Get You Out of My Head" reached number one in more than 40 countries, and the album Fever (2001) was a hit in many countries, including the United States, a market in which Minogue had previously received little recognition. Minogue embarked on a concert tour but cancelled it when she was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 2005. After surgery and chemotherapy treatment, she resumed her career in 2006 with Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour. Her tenth studio album X was released in 2007 and was followed by the KylieX2008 tour. In 2009, she embarked upon her For You, For Me Tour, her first concert tour of the United States and Canada, and the following year released her eleventh studio album, Aphrodite.

Minogue has achieved worldwide record sales of more than 68 million,^[3] and has received notable music awards, including multiple ARIA and Brit Awards and a Grammy Award. She has mounted several successful and critically acclaimed concert world tours and received a Mo Award for "Australian Entertainer of the Year" for her live performances. Bestowed from the Queen of Australia Queen Elizabeth II, she was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (O.B.E.) at Buckingham Palace in 2008 "for services to music". In the same year she was awarded France's highest cultural honour, the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from the French government for her contribution to the enrichment of French culture. In 2011, "I Should Be So Lucky" was added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Sounds of Australia registry.^[4]^[5] While also in 2011, Minogue was awarded an honorary Doctor of Health Science (D.H.Sc.) degree by Anglia Ruskin University in the United Kingdom of for her work in raising awareness for breast cancer. On 27 November 2011, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the ARIA Music Awards, Kylie Minogue was inducted by the Australian Recording Industry Association into the ARIA Hall of Fame.^[6]

1 Life and career
2 Image and celebrity status
3 Personal life
4 Discography
5 Filmography
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Life and career [link]

1968–86: Early life and career beginnings [link]

Kylie Ann Minogue was born 28 May 1968 in Melbourne, Australia, the eldest child of Ronald Charles Minogue, an accountant of Irish ancestry^[7] and Carol Ann (née Jones), a former dancer from Maesteg, Wales.^[8] Kylie's sister, Dannii Minogue, was also a pop singer^[7] and is a judge on Australia's Got Talent, while her brother, Brendan, works as a news cameraman in Australia.^[9] The Minogue children were raised in Surrey Hills, Melbourne, and educated at Camberwell High School.^[10]

The Minogue sisters began their careers as children on Australian television.^[7] From the age of 11, Kylie appeared in small roles in soap operas such as The Sullivans and Skyways, and in 1985 was cast in one of the lead roles in The Henderson Kids.^[11] Interested in following a career in music, she made a demo tape for the producers of the weekly music programme Young Talent Time,^[12] which featured Dannii as a regular performer.^[13] Kylie gave her first television singing performance on the show in 1985 but was not invited to join the cast. Dannii's success overshadowed Kylie's acting achievements,^[7] until Kylie was cast in the soap opera Neighbours in 1986,^[10] as Charlene Mitchell, a schoolgirl turned garage mechanic. Neighbours achieved popularity in the UK, and a story arc that created a romance between her character and the character played by Jason Donovan, culminated in a wedding episode in 1987 that attracted an audience of 20 million British viewers.^[14]

Her popularity in Australia was demonstrated when she became the first person to win four Logie Awards in one event, and the youngest recipient of the "Gold Logie" as the country's "Most Popular Television Performer", with the result determined by public vote.^[15]

[edit] 1987–92: Kylie, Enjoy Yourself, Rhythm of Love and Let's Get to It

During a Fitzroy Football Club benefit concert with other Neighbours cast members, Minogue performed "I Got You Babe" as a duet with the actor John Waters, and "The Loco-Motion" as an encore, and was subsequently signed to a recording contract with Mushroom Records in 1987.^[16] Her first single, "The Loco-Motion", spent seven weeks at number one on the Australian music charts. It sold 200,000 copies,^[12] became the highest selling single of the 1980s,^[17] and Minogue received the ARIA Award for the year's highest selling single.^[18] Its success resulted in Minogue travelling to England with Mushroom Records executive Gary Ashley to work with Stock, Aitken & Waterman. They knew little of Minogue and had forgotten that she was arriving; as a result, they wrote "I Should Be So Lucky" while she waited outside the studio.^[19] The song reached number one in the UK, Australia, Germany, Finland, Switzerland, Israel and Hong Kong.^[20] Minogue won her second consecutive ARIA Award for the year's highest selling single, and received a "Special Achievement Award".^[21] Her debut album, Kylie, a collection of dance-oriented pop tunes spent more than a year on the British album charts, including several weeks at number one.^[22] The album went gold in the United States, and the single, "The Loco-Motion", reached number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart,^[23] and number one on the Canadian Singles Chart. "It's No Secret", released only in the U.S., peaked at number 37 in early 1989,^[23] and "Turn It Into Love" was released as a single in Japan, where it reached number one.

In July 1988, "Got To Be Certain" became Minogue's third consecutive number one single on the Australian music charts,^[24] and later in the year she left Neighbours to focus on her music career. Jason Donovan commented "When viewers watched her on screen they no longer saw Charlene the local mechanic, they saw Kylie the pop star."^[7] A duet with Donovan, titled "Especially for You", sold almost one million copies in the UK in early 1989, but critic Kevin Killian wrote that the duet was "majestically awful ... [it] makes the Diana Ross, Lionel Richie 'Endless Love' sound like Mahler."^[25] She was sometimes referred to as "the Singing Budgie" by her detractors over the coming years,^[26] however Chris True's comment about the album Kylie for Allmusic suggests that Minogue's appeal transcended the limitations of her music, by noting that "her cuteness makes these rather vapid tracks bearable".^[27]

Her follow-up album Enjoy Yourself (1989) was a success in the United Kingdom, Europe, New Zealand, Asia and Australia, and contained several successful singles, including the British number one "Hand on Your Heart",^[22] but it failed throughout North America, and Minogue was dropped by her American record label Geffen Records. She embarked on her first concert tour, the Enjoy Yourself Tour, in the United Kingdom, Europe, Asia and Australia, where Melbourne's Herald Sun wrote that it was "time to ditch the snobbery and face facts—the kid's a star."^[28] In December 1989, Minogue was one of the featured vocalists on the remake of "Do They Know It's Christmas",^[29] and her debut film, The Delinquents, premiered in London. It was poorly received by critics,^[29] and the Daily Mirror reviewed Minogue's performance with the comment that she "has as much acting charisma as cold porridge",^[30] but it proved popular with audiences; in the UK it grossed more than £200,000,^[31] and in Australia it was the fourth-highest grossing local film of 1989 and the highest grossing local film of 1990.^[32]

Rhythm of Love (1990) presented a more sophisticated and adult style of dance music and also marked the first signs of Minogue's rebellion against her production team and the "girl-next-door" image.^[33] Determined to be accepted by a more mature audience, Minogue took control of her music videos, starting with "Better the Devil You Know", and presented herself as a sexually aware adult.^[34] Her relationship with Michael Hutchence was also seen as part of Minogue's departure from her earlier persona; Hutchence was quoted as saying that his hobby was "corrupting Kylie", and that the INXS song "Suicide Blonde" had been inspired by her.^[35] The singles from Rhythm of Love sold well in Europe and Australia and were popular in British nightclubs. Pete Waterman later reflected that "Better the Devil You Know" was a milestone in her career and said that it made her "the hottest, hippest dance act on the scene and nobody could knock it as it was the best dance record around at the time".^[7] "Shocked" became Minogue's thirteenth consecutive British top-10 single.^[22]

In May 1990, Minogue performed her band's arrangement of The Beatles's "Help!" before a crowd of 25,000 at the John Lennon: The Tribute Concert on the banks of the River Mersey in Liverpool. Yoko Ono and Sean Lennon offered Minogue their thanks for her support of The John Lennon Fund, while the media commented positively on her performance. The Sun wrote "The soap star wows the Scousers — Kylie Minogue deserved her applause".^[36] Her fourth album, Let's Get to It (1991), reached number 15 on the British album charts and was the first of her albums to fail to reach the Top 10;^[22] her fourteenth single "Word Is Out" was the first to miss the Top 10 singles chart,^[22] though subsequent singles "If You Were with Me Now" and "Give Me Just a Little More Time" reached number four and number two respectively.^[22] Minogue had fulfilled the requirements of her contract and elected not to renew it.^[7] She later expressed her opinion that she was stifled by Stock, Aitken and Waterman, and said, "I was very much a puppet in the beginning. I was blinkered by my record company. I was unable to look left or right."^[37]

A Greatest Hits album was released in 1992. It reached number one in the UK^[22] and number three in Australia,^[38] and the singles "What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before)" and her cover version of Kool & The Gang's "Celebration" each reached the UK Top 20.^[22]

[edit] 1993–98: Kylie Minogue and Impossible Princess

Minogue's subsequent signing with Deconstruction Records was highly touted in the music media as the beginning of a new phase in her career, but the eponymous Kylie Minogue (1994) received mixed reviews. It sold well in Europe and Australia, where the single "Confide in Me" spent four weeks at number one.^[39] She performed a striptease in the video for her next single, "Put Yourself in My Place", inspired by Jane Fonda in the film Barbarella.^[40] This single and her next, "Where Is the Feeling?" each reached the British top 20,^[22] and the album peaked at number four,^[22] eventually selling 250,000 copies.^[41] During this period she made a guest appearance as herself, in an episode of the comedy The Vicar of Dibley. The director Steven E. de Souza was intrigued by Minogue's cover photo in Australia's Who Magazine as one of "The 30 Most Beautiful People in the World", and offered her a role opposite Jean-Claude Van Damme in Street Fighter (1994).^[42] The film was a moderate success, earning US$70 million in the U.S.,^[42] but received poor reviews with The Washington Post's Richard Harrington calling Minogue "the worst actress in the English-speaking world".^[43] She co-starred with Pauly Shore and Stephen Baldwin in Bio-Dome (1996), but it was a failure, dismissed by Movie Magazine International as the "biggest waste of celluloid space".^[42] Minogue returned to Australia where she appeared in the short film, Hayride to Hell (1995), and then to the UK where she filmed a cameo role as herself in the film Diana & Me (1997).^[44]

File:KylieMinogueWhereTheWildRosesGrowVideo.jpg

A painting shows the body of a woman, floating on her back in a pond surrounded by plants and flowers. Her eyes and mouth are open, and her open-palmed hands are extended above the water.

The music video for "Where the Wild Roses Grow" (1995) (left) was inspired by John Everett Millais' Ophelia (1851/52) (right).

Australian artist Nick Cave had been interested in working with Minogue since hearing "Better the Devil You Know", saying it contained "one of pop music's most violent and distressing lyrics" and "when Kylie Minogue sings these words, there is an innocence to her that makes the horror of this chilling lyric all the more compelling".^[45] They collaborated on "Where the Wild Roses Grow" (1995), a brooding ballad whose lyrics narrated a murder from the points of view of both the murderer (Cave), and his victim (Minogue). The video was inspired by John Everett Millais's painting Ophelia (1851–1852), and showed Minogue as the murdered woman, floating in a pond as a serpent swam over her body. The single received widespread attention in Europe, where it reached the top 10 in several countries, and acclaim in Australia where it reached number two on the singles chart,^[46] and won ARIA Awards for "Song of the Year" and "Best Pop Release".^[47] Following concert appearances with Cave, Minogue recited the lyrics to "I Should Be So Lucky" as poetry in London's Royal Albert Hall "Poetry Jam", at the suggestion of Cave, and later described it as a "most cathartic moment".^[48] She credited Cave with giving her the confidence to express herself artistically, saying: "He taught me to never veer too far from who I am, but to go further, try different things, and never lose sight of myself at the core. For me, the hard part was unleashing the core of myself and being totally truthful in my music."^[49] By 1997, Minogue was in a relationship with the French photographer Stéphane Sednaoui, who encouraged her to develop her creativity.^[50] Inspired by a mutual appreciation of Japanese culture, they created a visual combination of "geisha and manga superheroine" for the photographs taken for the album Impossible Princess and the video for "German Bold Italic", Minogue's collaboration with Towa Tei.^[51] Minogue drew inspiration from the music of artists such as Shirley Manson and Garbage, Björk, Tricky and U2, and Japanese pop musicians such as Pizzicato Five and Towa Tei.^[52]

Impossible Princess featured collaborations with musicians such as James Dean Bradfield and Sean Moore of the Manic Street Preachers. Mostly a dance album, its style was not represented by its first single "Some Kind of Bliss", and Minogue countered suggestions that she was trying to become an indie artist. She told Music Week, "I have to keep telling people that this isn't an indie-guitar album. I'm not about to pick up a guitar and rock."^[53] Acknowledging that she had attempted to escape the perceptions of her that had developed during her early career, Minogue commented that she was ready to "forget the painful criticism" and "accept the past, embrace it, use it".^[48] Her video for "Did It Again" paid homage to her earlier incarnations, as noted in her biography, Kylie: La La La, "Dance Kylie, Cute Kylie, Sex Kylie and Indie Kylie all struggled for supremacy as they battled bitchily with each other."^[54] Billboard described the album as "stunning" and concluded that "it's a golden commercial opportunity for a major [record company] with vision and energy [to release it in the United States]. A sharp ear will detect a kinship between Impossible Princess and Madonna's hugely successful album, Ray of Light".^[49] In the UK, Music Week gave a negative assessment, commenting that "Kylie's vocals take on a stroppy edge ... but not strong enough to do much".^[55] Retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, it became the lowest-selling album of her career. At the end of the year a campaign by Virgin Radio stated, "We've done something to improve Kylie's records: we've banned them."^[10] A poll conducted by Smash Hits voted her the "worst-dressed person, worst singer and second-most very horrible thing—after spiders".^[10]

In Australia, Impossible Princess spent 35 weeks on the album chart and peaked at number four,^[56] to become her most successful album since Kylie in 1988, and her Intimate and Live tour was extended due to demand.^[57] The Victorian Premier, Jeff Kennett, hosted a civic reception for Minogue in Melbourne,^[58] and she maintained her high profile in Australia with live performances, including the 1998 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras,^[57] the opening ceremonies of Melbourne's Crown Casino^[59] and Sydney's Fox Studios in 1999, where she performed Marilyn Monroe's "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend",^[60] and a Christmas concert in Dili, East Timor in association with the United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces.^[60] During this time she filmed a small role for the Australian-made Molly Ringwald film, Cut (2000).

[edit] 1999–04: Light Years, Fever and Body Language

File:KylieMinogueSpinningAroundVideo.jpg

William Baker has cited the 1940s "Vargas Girl" pinups of Alberto Vargas as an influence, as demonstrated in the music video for "Spinning Around". (2000)

Minogue and Deconstruction Records parted company. She performed a duet with the Pet Shop Boys' on their Nightlife album and spent several months in Barbados performing in Shakespeare's The Tempest.^[61] Returning to Australia, she appeared in the film Sample People and recorded a cover version of Russell Morris's "The Real Thing" for the soundtrack.^[61] She signed with Parlophone Records in April 1999.^[62] According to Miles Leonard, her new A&R at Parlophone, it was the label and not Minogue that was responsible for her career downturn, believing that her talent hadn't been tapped into by Deconstruction.^[63] Leonard later told HitQuarters: "I believed that she was still very strong vocally, and still definitely a star ... and I knew that with the right project, the right songwriters, the right producers, the right team, she would still have a fanbase out there."^[63] Parlophone wanted to reestablish Minogue as the pop artist they felt she essentially was, but that had been lost. Leonard said: "But I didn't want to make a throwaway pop record, I wanted it to have an edge and some depth."^[63]

Her album Light Years (2000) was a collection of dance songs, influenced by disco music. Minogue said that her intention was to present dance-pop music in a "more exaggerated form" and to make it "fun".^[62] It generated strong reviews and was successful throughout Asia, Australia, New Zealand and Europe, selling over one million copies in the UK.^[64] The single "Spinning Around" became her first British number one in ten years, and its accompanying video featured Minogue in revealing gold hot pants, which came to be regarded as a "trademark".^[65]^[66] The single was described by a 2009 The Times article as heralding a new era in synthpop that was continuing.^[1] Her second single, "On a Night Like This" reached number one in Australia^[67] and number two in the UK.^[22] "Kids", a duet with Robbie Williams, was also included on Williams's album Sing When You're Winning, and peaked at number two in the UK.^[22]

In 2000, Minogue performed ABBA's "Dancing Queen" and her single "On a Night like This" at the 2000 Sydney Olympics closing ceremony.^[68] She then embarked upon a concert tour, On A Night like This, which played to sell-out crowds in Australia and the United Kingdom. Minogue was inspired by Madonna's 1993 world tour The Girlie Show which incorporated Burlesque and theatre, William Baker also cited the style of Broadway shows such as 42nd Street, films such as Anchors Aweigh, South Pacific, the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musicals of the 1930s and the live performances of Bette Midler.^[69] Minogue was praised for her new material and her reinterpretations of some of her greatest successes, turning "I Should Be So Lucky" into a torch song and "Better the Devil You Know" into a 1940s big band number. She won a "Mo Award" for Australian live entertainment as "Performer of the Year".^[70] Following the tour she was asked by a Seattle Post-Intelligencer journalist what she thought was her greatest strength, and replied, "[That] I am an all-rounder. If I was to choose any one element of what I do, I don't know if I would excel at any one of them. But put all of them together, and I know what I'm doing."^[71]

She appeared as "The Green Fairy" in Moulin Rouge! (2001),^[72] shortly before the release of Fever, an album containing disco elements combined with 1980s electropop and synthpop.^[73] Fever reached number one in Australia, the UK, and throughout Europe, eventually achieving worldwide sales in excess of eight million.^[74] Its lead single "Can't Get You Out of My Head" became the biggest success of her career, reaching number one in more than 40 countries.^[75] She won four ARIA Awards including a "Most Outstanding Achievement" award,^[76] and two Brit Awards, for "Best international female solo artist" and "Best international album".^[77] Rolling Stone states that "Can't Get You out of My Head" "was easily the best and most omnipresent dance track of the new century",^[78] and following extensive airplay by American radio, Capitol Records released it and the album Fever in the U.S. in 2002.^[79] Fever debuted on the Billboard 200 albums chart at number three,^[80] and "Can't Get You out of My Head" reached number seven on the Hot 100.^[23] The subsequent singles "In Your Eyes", "Love at First Sight" and "Come into My World" were successful throughout the world, and Minogue established a presence in the mainstream North American market, particularly in the club scene. Minogue followed the success of the album by touring the United States with the Jingle Ball festival, visiting Miami, Anaheim, New York City, Philadelphia and Houston.^[81]^[82] In 2003 she received a Grammy Award nomination for "Best Dance Recording" for "Love at First Sight",^[83] and the following year won the same award for "Come into My World".^[84]

Minogue's stylist and creative director William Baker explained that the music videos for the Fever album were inspired by science fiction films—specifically those by Stanley Kubrick—and accentuated the electropop elements of the music by using dancers in the style of Kraftwerk. Alan MacDonald, the designer of the 2002 KylieFever tour, brought those elements into the stage show which drew inspiration from Minogue's past incarnations.^[85] The show opened with Minogue as a space age vamp, which she described as "Queen of Metropolis with her drones", through to scenes inspired by Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange, followed by the various personas of Minogue's career.^[85] Minogue said that she was finally able to express herself the way she wanted, and that she had always been "a showgirl at heart".^[85] During 2002 she worked on the animated film The Magic Roundabout, released in 2005 in Europe^[86] and 2006 in the U.S.; she voiced one of the principal characters, Florence.

Minogue began a relationship with the French actor, Olivier Martinez, after meeting him at the 2002 Grammy Awards ceremony.^[87] Her next album, Body Language (2003), was released following an invitation-only concert, titled Money Can't Buy, at the Hammersmith Apollo in London. The event marked the presentation of a new visual style, designed by Minogue and Baker, inspired in part by Brigitte Bardot, about whom Minogue commented: "I just tended to think of BB [Bardot] as, well, she's a sexpot, isn't she? She's one of the greatest pinups. But she was fairly radical in her own way at that time. And we chose to reference the period, which was ... a perfect blend of coquette and rock and roll."^[88] The album downplayed the disco style and Minogue said she was inspired by 1980s artists such as Scritti Politti, The Human League, Adam and the Ants and Prince, blending their styles with elements of hip hop.^[89] It received positive reviews with Billboard Magazine writing of "Minogue's knack for picking great songs and producers".^[90] Allmusic described it as "a near perfect pop record ... Body Language is what happens when a dance-pop diva takes the high road and focuses on what's important instead of trying to shock herself into continued relevance".^[91] Sales of Body Language were lower than anticipated after the success of Fever,^[74]^[79] though the first single, "Slow", was a number-one hit in the UK and Australia.^[92] After reaching number one on the US club chart,^[93] "Slow" received a Grammy Award nomination in the Best Dance Recording category.^[83]

Body Language achieved first week sales of 43,000 in the U.S., and declined significantly in the second week.^[94] The Wall Street Journal described Minogue as "an international superstar who seems perpetually unable to conquer the U.S. market".^[94] Minogue commented that she had told her American record company that she was not willing to invest the time needed to establish herself in the U.S. and that she would rather enhance the success she had already achieved in other parts of the world,^[94] an attitude endorsed by Billboard analyst Geoff Mayfield as a "business decision ... If I were her accountant, I couldn't blame her for making that call."^[94] Minogue later commented that she was not concerned by her limited success in the U.S. and was more frustrated by assumptions that she considered her career incomplete without it.^[95]

Minogue played a guest role in the season finale of the comedy series Kath & Kim, in which she referenced her earlier role as Charlene in Neighbours, during a wedding sequence. The episode achieved the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's highest ratings of the year.^[96]

She released her second official greatest hits album in November 2004, entitled Ultimate Kylie, along with her music videos on a DVD compilation of the same title. The album introduced her singles "I Believe in You", co-written with Jake Shears and Babydaddy from the Scissor Sisters, and "Giving You Up". "I Believe in You" reached the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play top three,^[93] and Minogue was nominated for a Grammy Award for the fourth consecutive year when the song was nominated in the category of "Best Dance Recording".

[edit] 2005–09: Breast cancer and X

Early in 2005, Kylie: The Exhibition opened in Melbourne. The free exhibition featured costumes and photographs spanning Minogue's career and went on to tour Australian capital cities receiving over 300,000 visitors,^[97] and was exhibited at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London in February 2007.^[98] Minogue commenced her Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour, and after performing in Europe, travelled to Melbourne, where she was diagnosed with breast cancer.^[99]

In November 2006, Minogue resumed her Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour with a performance in Sydney. She had told journalists before the concert that she would be highly emotional, and she cried before dedicating the song "Especially for You" to her father, a survivor of prostate cancer.^[100] Her dance routines had been reworked to accommodate her medical condition, and slower costume changes and longer breaks were introduced between sections of the show to conserve her strength.^[101] The media reported that Minogue performed energetically, with the Sydney Morning Herald describing the show as an "extravaganza" and "nothing less than a triumph".^[100] The following night, Minogue was joined by Bono, who was in Australia as part of U2's Vertigo tour, for the duet "Kids", but Minogue was forced to cancel a subsequent planned appearance at U2's show, because of exhaustion.^[102] Minogue's shows throughout Australia continued to draw positive reviews, and after spending Christmas with her family, she resumed the European leg of her tour with six sold-out shows in Wembley Arena, before taking her tour to Manchester for a further six shows.

Kylie stands alone on a stage, holding a microphone near her mouth. Four spotlights shine from behind her. Her blonde hair is pulled back from her face, and she wears gold shoes and a low cut, flowing blue gown.

Performing in Berlin during KylieX2008

In February 2007, Minogue and Olivier Martinez announced that they had ended their relationship, but remained on friendly terms. Minogue was reported to have been "saddened by false [media] accusations of [Martinez's] disloyalty".^[87] She defended Martinez, and acknowledged the support he had given during her treatment for breast cancer, commenting "He was always there, helping with the practical stuff and being protective. He was incredible. He didn't hesitate in cancelling work and putting projects on hold so he could be with me. He's the most honourable man I have ever met."^[87]

Minogue released X, her tenth studio album and much-discussed "comeback" album,^[103] in November 2007. The electro-styled album included contributions from Guy Chambers, Cathy Dennis, Bloodshy & Avant and Calvin Harris.^[103] For the overarching visual look of X, including the music video for first single "2 Hearts", Minogue and William Baker developed a combination of the style of Kabuki theatre and the aesthetics originating from London danceclubs including BoomBox.^[104] The album received some criticism for the triviality of its subject matter in light of Minogue's experiences with breast cancer; she responded by explaining the personal nature of some of the album's songs, and said "My conclusion is that if I'd done an album of personal songs it'd be seen as 'Impossible Princess 2' and be equally critiqued."^[103] Rolling Stone's reviewer described Minogue as "pop divadom's party planner in chief",^[105] and said of her breast cancer, "thankfully, the experience hasn't made her music discernibly deeper".^[105] Minogue later said, "In retrospect we could definitely have bettered it [the album], I'll say that straight up. Given the time we had, it is what it is. I had a lot of fun doing it."^[106]

Minogue in 2009

X and "2 Hearts" entered at number one on the Australian albums^[107] and singles^[108] charts respectively. In the UK, X initially attracted lukewarm sales,^[103] although its commercial performance eventually improved,^[109] and Minogue won a Brit Award for "International solo female".^[110] X was released in the U.S. in April 2008, and debuted outside the top 100 on the albums chart despite some promotion.^[80] Minogue called the U.S. market "notoriously difficult ... [Y]ou have so many denominations with radio. To know where I fit within that market is sometimes difficult."^[111] X was nominated for the 2009 Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album,^[112] Minogue's fifth Grammy Award nomination.

In December 2007, Minogue participated in the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway,^[113] and later performed in the final of the UK talent show The X Factor with the eventual winner, Leon Jackson, whose mentor was Dannii Minogue.^[114] From May 2008, Minogue promoted X with a European tour, KylieX2008, which is her most expensive tour to date with production costs of £10 million.^[80]^[115] Although she described the rehearsals as "grim" and the set list went through several overhauls,^[106] the tour was generally acclaimed and sold well.^[109]

Minogue was featured in White Diamond, a documentary filmed during 2006 and 2007 as she resumed her Showgirl Homecoming Tour.^[116] She appeared in The Kylie Show, which featured highly stylised set-piece song performances from Minogue as well as comedy sketches with Mathew Horne, Dannii Minogue, Jason Donovan and Simon Cowell.^[117] She co-starred in the 2007 Doctor Who Christmas special episode, "Voyage of the Damned", as Astrid Peth, a waitress on a spaceship Titanic. The episode aired on 25 December 2007, with 13.31 million viewers, the show's highest viewing figures since 1979.^[118]

It was announced in late December 2007 that Minogue was to be among those honoured in Queen Elizabeth II's 2008 New Years Honours list, with an OBE for services to music.^[119] Minogue commented "I am almost as surprised as I am honoured. I feel deeply touched to be acknowledged by the UK, my adopted home, in this way."^[120] She received the OBE officially from The Prince of Wales in July 2008.^[121] In May 2008 Minogue was awarded the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France's highest cultural honour. Culture Minister Christine Albanel described Minogue as a "midas of the international music scene who turns everything she touches into gold", and saluted her for publicly discussing her breast cancer.^[122] In July, Minogue was named the UK's "Best Loved Celebrity" by a tabloid newspaper, who commented that she "won the hearts of the nation as she bravely battled breast cancer",^[123] and won the "Best International Female Solo Artist" award at the 2008 BRIT Awards.^[124]

Performing in Toronto 2009 with display of the landmarks of venue in the background.

In late September 2008, Minogue made her Middle East debut as the headline act at the opening of Atlantis, The Palm, an exclusive hotel resort in Dubai,^[125] and from November, she continued with her KylieX2008 tour, taking the show to cities across South America, Asia and Australia.^[126] The tour visited 21 countries, and was considered a success, with ticket sales estimated at $70,000,000.^[127] She hosted the 2009 BRIT Awards on 18 February 2009 with James Corden and Mathew Horne.^[128]

In September and October 2009, Minogue embarked on the For You, For Me Tour, her first North American concert tour, which included shows in the U.S. and Canada.^[127] She was also featured in the Bollywood film, Blue, performing an A.R. Rahman song,^[95] and had confirmed that she was working on her eleventh studio album, commenting that it would be an album of dance and pop music.^[95] On 13 September 2009, Minogue performed "Super Trouper" and "When All Is Said and Done" with Benny Andersson at the ABBA tribute concert "Thank You for the Music ... a Celebration of the Music of ABBA" at London's Hyde Park, her only live performance in the UK in 2009.^[129] On 14 December 2009, Minogue released a download-only concert album entitled Kylie: Live in New York. The album was recorded at New York's Hammerstein Ballroom and contains 25 live version songs.^[130]

[edit] 2010–present: Aphrodite and K25 anniversary

Minogue performing on her Aphrodite Tour, in France, March 2011

Minogue's eleventh studio album, Aphrodite, was released in Japan on 30 June 2010 and worldwide in July 2010.^[131] The lead single, "All the Lovers", premiered on radio in May 2010 and was made available for purchase in June 2010. The album debuted at number one in the UK charts, exactly twenty two years after her first UK number one hit.^[132] On 3 June 2010, she hosted the inaugural AmfAR "Inspiration Gala" at the New York Public Library honouring Jean Paul Gaultier for his lifelong contribution to men's fashion and the fight against AIDS.^[133] Minogue appeared on BBC1's Friday Night With Jonathan Ross on 25 June 2010, during which she confirmed she is a UK resident, and announced that she will tour in 2011.^[134]

In July 2010, Minogue filmed a cameo performance as a rock star in the American independent film Jack and Diane. The movie stars Juno Temple, Riley Keough and Jena Malone.^[135] She also recorded a duet titled "Devotion" with British synthpop duo Hurts for their debut album Happiness, released on 6 September 2010.^[136] The second single from Aphrodite, titled "Get Outta My Way" was released on 27 September 2010.^[137] In October 2010, Minogue performed in front of the Sphinx and the Pyramids at Giza, Egypt to celebrate the anniversary of "Enigma" magazine, with profits going to the We Owe It To Egypt Foundation.^[138] A third single, "Better Than Today", was released on 6 December 2010.^[139]

Minogue's singles, "All the Lovers" and "Get Outta My Way", were popular in U.S. clubs, each reaching number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.^[140] On 5 March 2011 "Better Than Today" was at number one on the chart, and her collaboration with Taio Cruz, "Higher", was at number three, making her the first artist in the chart's history to have two singles simultaneously in the top three.^[141] On 1 December 2010, Minogue and Parlophone records released the EP A Kylie Christmas on iTunes, which included a cover of the 1945 song "Let It Snow" as well as "Santa Baby" which was previously available as a b-side to her 2000 single "Please Stay".^[142]^[143] Kylie performed the song "Santa Baby" at the 2010 rockefeller tree lighing in New York on 30 November 2010.^[144]^[145]

In August 2011, "Put Your Hands Up (If You Feel Love)", also reached number one on the Billboard dance chart, where Minogue has now achieved five consecutive number one spots on the chart for her last five releases — including her collaboration with Taio Cruz on the track, "Higher".^[146]

In 2011, Minogue embarked on the Aphrodite World Tour, travelling to Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and Africa. A DVD/Blu-ray of the concert, filmed in London, was released at the end of November 2011.^[147]^[148] Minogue is currently working on a new compilation album featuring re-worked versions of hits that will celebrate the 25th anniversary of the release of her debut single "Locomotion".^[149]

To celebrate her 25 years in the music industry, Minogue began a year-long celebration in 2012. Known as "K25", the singer plans to release a greatest hits collection containing acoustic and orchestral versions of her biggest hits. On her YouTube channel, Minogue has released a video on 25 January and February showcasing two recordings at the historic Abbey Road Studios.^[150] In addition, the singer has performed at various music festivals including the Sydney Mardi Gras.^[151] On 5 March 2012 Minogue announced the first dates of the K25 Anti Tour. The intimate show will feature b-sides, demos and rarities from her music catalogue.^[152] On 20 April 2012, Minogue's film Jack and Diane premiered at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival.^[153] In May 2012, Minogue premiered in another film, Holy Motors, at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. The film received an overwhelmingly positive reception with the audience cheering and loudly applauding.^[154]^[155]^[156]

On May 4, 2012, Billboard announced that Minogue would release a brand new greatest hits album entitled The Best of Kylie Minogue.^[157]

Minogue also released a new single, "Timebomb", on May 25, 2012 as part of her K25 celebrations.

Image and celebrity status [link]

A bronze statue of Kylie, on a star-shaped pedestal, portrays her in a dancing pose. Her legs are crossed and she bends at the waist, with both arms stretched above her head. The statue stands in a public square in front of a modern glass building, and several people are walking.

Bronze statue of Kylie Minogue at Waterfront City, Melbourne Docklands

Minogue's efforts to be taken seriously as a recording artist were initially hindered by the perception that she had not "paid her dues" and was no more than a manufactured pop star exploiting the image she had created during her stint on Neighbours.^[37] Minogue acknowledged this viewpoint, saying, "if you're part of a record company, I think to a degree it's fair to say that you're a manufactured product. You're a product and you're selling a product. It doesn't mean that you're not talented and that you don't make creative and business decisions about what you will and won't do and where you want to go."^[89] In 1993, Baz Luhrmann introduced Minogue to the photographer Bert Stern, notable for his work with Marilyn Monroe. Stern photographed her in Los Angeles and, comparing her to Monroe, commented that Minogue had a similar mix of vulnerability and eroticism.^[158] During her career Minogue has chosen photographers who attempt to create a new "look" for her, and the resulting photographs have appeared in a variety of magazines, from the cutting edge The Face to the more traditionally sophisticated Vogue and Vanity Fair, making the Minogue face and name known to a broad group of people. Stylist William Baker has suggested that this is part of the reason she has entered in the mainstream pop culture of Europe more successfully than many other pop singers who concentrate solely on selling records.^[159]

By 2000, when Minogue returned to prominence, she was considered to be have achieved a degree of musical credibility for having maintained her career longer than her critics had expected.^[160] That same year, Birmingham Post noted "[o]nce upon a time, long before anybody had even heard of Britney, Christina, Jessica or Mandy, Australian singer Kylie Minogue ruled the charts as princess of pop. Back in 1988 her first single, I Should Be So Lucky, spent five weeks at number one, making her the most successful female artist in the UK charts with 13 successive Top 10 entries."^[161] Her progression from the wholesome "girl next door" to a more sophisticated performer with a flirtatious and playful persona attracted new fans to her.^[160] Her "Spinning Around" video led to some media outlets referring to her as "SexKylie", and sex became a stronger element in her subsequent videos.^[160] William Baker described her status as a sex symbol as a "double edged sword" observing that "we always attempted to use her sex appeal as an enhancement of her music and to sell a record. But now it has become in danger of eclipsing what she actually is: a pop singer."^[162] After 20 years as a performer, Minogue was described as a fashion "trend-setter" and a "style icon who constantly reinvents herself".^[163] She has been acknowledged for mounting successful tours, and for worldwide record sales of more than 68 million.^[3]^[164]^[165]

Minogue is regarded as a gay icon, which she encourages with comments such as "I am not a traditional gay icon. There's been no tragedy in my life, only tragic outfits ..." and "My gay audience has been with me from the beginning ... they kind of adopted me."^[89] Minogue has explained that she first became aware of her gay audience in 1988, when several drag queens performed to her music at a Sydney pub and she later saw a similar show in Melbourne. She said that she felt "very touched" to have such an "appreciative crowd" and this had encouraged her to perform at gay venues throughout the world, as well as headlining the 1994 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.^[166]

"Madonna subverts everything for her own gain. I went to see her London show and it was all so dour and humourless. She surpasses even Joan Crawford in terms of megalomania. Which in itself makes her a kind of dark, gay icon ... I love Kylie, she's the anti-Madonna. Self-knowledge is a truly beautiful thing and Kylie knows herself inside out. She is what she is and there is no attempt to make quasi-intellectual statements to substantiate it. She is the gay shorthand for joy."

Rufus Wainwright,
Observer Music Monthly, 2006.^[167]

Minogue has been inspired by and compared to Madonna throughout her career.^[10] Her producer, Pete Waterman recalled Minogue during the early years of her success, with the observation, "She was setting her sights on becoming the new Prince or Madonna ... What I found amazing was that she was outselling Madonna four to one, but still wanted to be her."^[10] Minogue received negative comments that her Rhythm of Love tour in 1991 was too similar visually to Madonna's Blond Ambition World Tour of the previous year for which the critics labelled her a Madonna wannabe.^[168] Kathy McCabe for The Telegraph notes that Minogue and Madonna follow similar styles in music and fashion,^[167] and concludes, "Where they truly diverge on the pop-culture scale is in shock value. Minogue's clips might draw a gasp from some but Madonna's ignite religious and political debate unlike any other artist on the planet ... Simply, Madonna is the dark force; Kylie is the light force."^[167] Rolling Stone comments that, with the exception of the U.S., Minogue is regarded throughout the world as "an icon to rival Madonna", and says, "Like Madonna, Minogue was not a virtuosic singer but a canny trend spotter."^[78] Minogue has said of Madonna, "Her huge influence on the world, in pop and fashion, meant that I wasn't immune to the trends she created. I admire Madonna greatly but in the beginning she made it difficult for artists like me, she had done everything there was to be done ...",^[168] and "Madonna's the Queen of Pop, I'm the princess. I'm quite happy with that."^[167]

In January 2007 Madame Tussauds in London unveiled its fourth waxwork of Minogue; only Queen Elizabeth II has had more models created.^[169] During the same week a bronze cast of her hands was added to Wembley Arena's "Square of Fame".^[169] On 23 November 2007, a bronze statue of Minogue was unveiled at Melbourne Docklands for permanent display.^[170]

In March 2010, Minogue was declared by researchers as the "most powerful celebrity in Britain". The study examined how marketers identify celebrity and brand partnerships. Mark Husak, head of Millward Brown's UK media practice, said: "Kylie is widely accepted as an adopted Brit. People know her, like her and she is surrounded by positive buzz".^[171] She was named one of the "100 Hottest Women of All-Time" by Men's Health.^[172]

Personal life [link]

Minogue was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 36 on 17 May 2005,^[173] leading to the postponement of the remainder of her Showgirl — The Greatest Hits Tour and her withdrawal from the Glastonbury Festival.^[174] Her hospitalisation and treatment in Melbourne resulted in a brief but intense period of media coverage, particularly in Australia, where Prime Minister John Howard issued a statement supporting Minogue.^[175] As media and fans began to congregate outside the Minogue residence in Melbourne, the Victorian Premier Steve Bracks warned the international media that any disruption of the Minogue family's rights under Australian privacy laws would not be tolerated.^[176] His comments became part of a wider criticism of the media's overall reaction, with particular criticism directed towards paparazzi.^[177]^[178] Minogue underwent surgery on 21 May 2005 at Cabrini Hospital in Malvern, and commenced chemotherapy treatment soon after.^[175]

On 8 July 2005, she made her first public appearance after surgery, when she visited a children's cancer ward at Melbourne's Royal Children's Hospital. She returned to France where she completed her chemotherapy treatment at the Institut Gustave-Roussy in Villejuif, near Paris.^[179] In December 2005, Minogue released a digital-only single, "Over the Rainbow", a live recording from her Showgirl tour. Her children's book, The Showgirl Princess, written during her period of convalescence, was published in October 2006, and her perfume, "Darling", was launched in November.^[180] This range was later augmented by eau de toilettes such as Pink Sparkle, Couture and Inverse.^[181] On her return to Australia for her concert tour, she discussed her illness, and said that her chemotherapy treatment had been like "experiencing a nuclear bomb".^[180] While appearing on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in 2008, Minogue said that her cancer had originally been misdiagnosed. She commented, "Because someone is in a white coat and using big medical instruments doesn't necessarily mean they're right",^[182] but later spoke of her respect for the medical profession.^[183]

Minogue was acknowledged for the impact she had made by publicly discussing her cancer diagnosis and treatment; in May 2008, the French Cultural Minister Christine Albanel said, "Doctors now even go as far as saying there is a 'Kylie effect' that encourages young women to have regular checks."^[122]

Discography [link]

Main articles: Kylie Minogue singles discography and Kylie Minogue albums discography

Kylie (1988)
Enjoy Yourself (1989)
Rhythm of Love (1990)
Let's Get to It (1991)
Kylie Minogue (1994)
Impossible Princess (1997)
Light Years (2000)
Fever (2001)
Body Language (2003)
X (2007)
Aphrodite (2010)

Filmography [link]

Main articles: Kylie Minogue filmography and Kylie Minogue videography

Leading roles

1986-88: Neighbours, as Charlene Robinson
1989: The Delinquents, as Lola Lovell
1994: Street Fighter, as Cammy
1996: Bio-Dome, as Dr. Petra von Kant
2011: Jack and Diane, as Tara

References [link]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Synth pop: Encyclopedia of Modern Music The Times 1 February 2009
^ "Kylie Minogue — Aphrodite (Review)" at URB web site
^ ^a ^b "Kylie Minogue — Line of Enquiry". BBC Radio 2. BBC. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fradio2%2Fcontact-us%2Fline-of-enquiry%2F&date=2011-01-29. Retrieved 29 January 2011. "She’s sold over 68 million records worldwide, won numerous prestigious awards and adorned the covers of numerous magazines."
^ National Film and Sound Archive: 'I Should Be So Lucky' on the Sounds of Australia registry
^ National Film and Sound Archive: 'I Should Be So Lucky' on australianscreen online
^ Daily Telegraph Australia: Prime Minister Julia Gillard to honour pop princess Kylie Minogue: [1]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bright, Spencer (9 November 2007). "Why we love Kylie — By three of the people who know her best". London: Mail Online. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-492561/Why-love-Kylie--By-people-know-best.html. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
^ "Family shock at Kylie's illness". BBC News. 18 May 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_east/4556513.stm. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ "Pop princess is a survivor". Sydney Morning Herald. 17 May 2005. http://www.smh.com.au/news/People/Pop-princess-is-a-survivor/2005/05/17/1116095959462.html. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lister, David (23 February 2002). "Kylie Minogue: Goddess of the moment". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/kylie-minogue-goddess-of-the-moment-661725.html. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ Wearring, Miles (28 May 2008). "Kylie's life on screen". News Limited. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,26278,23769961-10388,00.html. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ ^a ^b Adams, Cameron (2 August 2007). "Kylie Minogue — 20 years on". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22171653-2902,00.html. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
^ Smith, p. 16
^ Simpson, Aislinn (27 May 2008). "Kylie Minogue celebrates 40th birthday". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2036175/Kylie-Minogue-celebrates-40th-birthday.html. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ "The Logies". TelevisionAU. http://www.televisionau.com/logies.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2006.
^ Smith, p. 18
^ Maley, Jacqueline (5 August 2007). "20 years at the top: she should be so lucky". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/she-should-be-so-lucky/2007/08/04/1185648204390.html. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ "1988: 2nd Annual ARIA Awards". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.ariaawards.com.au/history-by-year.php?year=1988. Retrieved 7 August 2009. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Transcript of television documentary Love Is in the Air, episode title "I Should Be So Lucky"". ABC Television. 2 November 2003. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Ftv%2Flove%2Fepisodes%2Ftranscript4.htm&date=2011-02-02. Retrieved 26 January 2006.
^ Smith, p. 219
^ "1989: 3rd Annual ARIA Awards". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.ariaawards.com.au/history-by-year.php?year=1989. Retrieved 7 August 2009. ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Brown, Kutner, Warwick, pp. 673–674
^ ^a ^b ^c "Kylie Minogue, Chart History, Hot 100". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/search/?keyword=kylie+minogue&x=0&y=0#/artist/kylie-minogue/chart-history/5213. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue: Got To Be Certain (song)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=Got+To+Be+Certain&cat=s. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
^ Killian, Kevin (February 2002). "Kylie Minogue and the Ignorance of the West". Bucknell. Archived from the original on 9 March 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050309120905/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/stadler_center/how2/current/others/killian.shtm. Retrieved 26 January 2006.
^ Coorey, Madeleine (2006-03-0). "Kylie costumes thrill fans". The Standard. Hong Kong. http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=18&art_id=13262&sid=6891429&con_type=1. Retrieved 2 September 2006.
^ True, Chris (13 July 2005). "Kylie Review". Allmusic. http://music.yahoo.com/library/default.asp?m=content&add=review&i=14177772&. Retrieved 25 July 2009. ^{[dead link]}
^ "LiMBO Kylie Minogue Biography". LiMBO Kylie Minogue Online, citing Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927003144/http://www.kylie.co.uk/biog/index2.html. Retrieved 26 January 2006.
^ ^a ^b Smith, p. 220
^ Smith, p. 151
^ "Australian films earning over £200,000 gross at the UK box office, 1979 — March 2006". Australian Film Commission. April 2006. http://www.afc.gov.au/gtp/mrboxuk.html. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
^ "Top five Australian feature films each year, and gross Australian box office earned that year, 1988–2005". Australian Film Commission. 31 December 2005. http://www.afc.gov.au/GTP/mrboxausttop5.html. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 29
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 32
^ McLuckie, Kirsty (23 January 2003). "Dating Danger". The Scotsman (UK). http://news.scotsman.com/kylieminogue/Call-it-chemistry-Kylie-Minogue.2293601.jp. Retrieved 26 January 2006.
^ "Biography". Kylie.com official site, citing The Sun. Archived from the original on 15 January 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060115142551/http://www.kylie.com/gh_site/cronology.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2006.
^ ^a ^b Shuker, p. 164
^ "Kylie Minogue: Greatest Hits (album)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=Greatest+Hits&cat=a. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue: Confide In Me (song)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=Confide+In+Me&cat=s. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 84
^ Sutherland and Ellis, p. 51
^ ^a ^b ^c Smith, p. 152
^ Harrington, Richard (24 December 1994). "Street Fighter". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/streetfighterpg13harrington_a0ad15.htm. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
^ Smith, p. 153
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 99
^ "Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds and Kylie Minogue: Where The Wild Roses Grow (song)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Nick+Cave+%26+The+Bad+Seeds+%2B+Kylie+Minogue&titel=Where+The+Wild+Roses+Grow&cat=s. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ "1996: 10th Annual ARIA Awards". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.ariaawards.com.au/history-by-year.php?year=1996. Retrieved 7 August 2009. ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b Baker and Minogue, p. 112
^ ^a ^b Flick, Larry (March 1998). "Minogue Makes Mature Turn On deConstruction Set". Billboard (US). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927002920/http://www.kylie.co.uk/press/00000016.shtml. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
^ Baker and Minogue, pp. 107–112
^ Baker and Minogue, pp. 108–109
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 108
^ Petridis, Alex (October 1997). "Kylie Chameleon". Mixmag (UK). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927003157/http://www.kylie.co.uk/press/00000002.shtml. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 113
^ ""Did It Again" review". Music Week (UK). 8 November 1997. http://www.kylie.co.uk/press/00000020.shtml. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
^ "Kylie Minogue — Impossible Princess (album)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=Impossible+Princess&cat=a. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ ^a ^b Baker and Minogue, p. 125
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 127
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 129
^ ^a ^b "Kylie: Top 10 Live Performances". Media Jungen. http://sydney.citysearch.com.au/music/1137592126005/Kylie:+Top+10+Live+Performances. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ ^a ^b Baker and Minogue, p. 146
^ ^a ^b Baker and Minogue, p. 145
^ ^a ^b ^c "Interview with Miles Leonard". HitQuarters. 21 February 2002. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_Miles_Leonard_Int.html. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ "Kylie's sweet run of success". BBC News. 14 November 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2458645.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ "Style icon Kylie's hotpants go on show at the V&A museum". Daily Mail (UK). 15 January 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-428767/Style-icon-Kylies-hotpants-V-A-museum.html. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
^ Smith, pp. 189–192
^ "Kylie Minogue: On a Night Like This (song)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=On+A+Night+Like+This&cat=s. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
^ "Sydney says goodbye". BBC News. 1 October 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics2000/951094.stm. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
^ Baker and Minogue, pp. 164–165
^ "Winners — 26th Mo Awards 2001". Australian Entertainment 'Mo' Awards Incorporated. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080718210045/http://www.moawards.org.au/winners%202001.htm. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
^ Reighley, Kurt B. (26 June 2006). "I heart Kylie". Seattle Weekly. http://www.seattleweekly.com/2002-06-26/music/i-amp-heart-kylie/. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ Smith, Neil (22 June 2001). "Movies: Mouin Rouge (2001)". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/06/22/moulin_rouge_2001_review.shtml. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ ritsuka. "Kylie Minogue - Fever (2002) Mediafire, Rapidshare » download by". Israbox.com. http://www.israbox.com/2007/08/05/kylie_minogue__fever_2002.html. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ ^a ^b "Can Kylie get her groove back". The Age (Australia: Fairfax Digital). 31 January 2004. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/01/29/1075340776864.html. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ Gibb, Megan (28 May 2008). "Happy Birthday Kylie: 40 milestones to mark 40 years". Weekend Herald (The New Zealand Herald). http://www.nzherald.co.nz/kylie-minogue/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502794&objectid=10512987. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ Kazmierczak, Anita (15 October 2002). "Kylie sweeps Aussie music awards". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2331249.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ "Brit Awards 2002: The winners". BBC News. 20 February 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1832486.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b Kemp, Rob (2004). "Kylie Minogue biography". The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Archived from the original on 24 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224105839/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/kylieminogue/biography. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Kylie's second coming". Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Digital). 14 February 2004. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/13/1076548215244.html?from=storyrhs. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c Goodman, Dean (11 April 2008). "Kylie Minogue album a flop in the U.S.". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/industryNews/idUSN1137190920080412. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
^ Pareles, Jon (17 December 2002). "POP REVIEW; The Hit Parade Marches Toward a Kind of Reality". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990DE1DA173DF934A25751C1A9649C8B63. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
^ "Despite broken foot, Timberlake danced in annual Jingle Ball concert". The Daily Reporter (Spencer, Iowa): p. 9. 17 December 2002. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NTlHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1_0MAAAAIBAJ&dq=kylie%20minogue%20jingle%20ball&pg=3607%2C2768252. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Kylie, Sparro nominated for Grammys". The Australian. 4 December 2008. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24753660-12377,00.html. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
^ "Grammy Award winners". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on 20 June 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090620171801/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Baker, W. and MacDonald, A. (Directors) (2002). Kylie Minogue: Kylie Fever 2002 in concert — Live in Manchester (DVD). Manchester, United Kingdom: Parlophone.
^ Halligan, Fionnuala (27 January 2005). "The Magic Roundabout (La Manege Enchante)". Screen Daily. http://www.screendaily.com/the-magic-roundabout-la-manege-enchante/4021721.article. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Kylie Minogue & Olivier Martinez Split". People. Time Inc. 3 February 2007. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20010855,00.html. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
^ Minogue, Kylie (2003). Body Language Live (DVD). Parlophone.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ives, Brian; Bottomley, C. (24 February 2004). "Kylie Minogue: Disco's Thin White Dame". VH1. http://www.vh1.com/artists/interview/1485255/02232004/minogue_kylie.jhtml. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
^ "Pop star Kylie's showgirl success". BBC News. 27 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7163430.stm. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ True, Chris. "Body Language". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r675507/review. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
^ "Kylie Minogue: Slow (song)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=Slow&cat=s. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Kylie Minogue, Chart History, Dance/Club Play Songs". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/search/?keyword=kylie+minogue&x=0&y=0#/artist/kylie-minogue/chart-history/5213?f=359&g=Singles. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Kylie vs America". Entertainment Weekly. 19 March 2004. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,600241_3,00.html. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Kylie dreams of credible film career not US success". The Independent (London). 11 May 2009. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/kylie-dreams-of-credible-film-career-not-us-success-1682845.html. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ Miller, Kylie (27 November 2004). "Kylie joins foxy morons for ratings winner". The Age (Australia). http://www.theage.com.au/news/TV--Radio/Kylie-joins-foxy-morons/2004/11/26/1101219742748.html?from=storyrhs. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ "Kylie exhibition heads for London". BBC News. 26 October 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6086702.stm. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
^ Menkes, Suzy (25 February 2007). "'Kylie—The Exhibition' draws a young crowd to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/25/style/25iht-rkylie26.html?_r=1. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
^ "Kylie Minogue Has Breast Cancer". CBS News. 17 May 2005. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/05/17/entertainment/main695716.shtml. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
^ ^a ^b Sams, Christine (12 November 2006). "Feathered Kylie's fans tickled pink". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/feathered-kylies-fans-tickled-pink/2006/11/11/1162661950112.html. Retrieved 4 December 2006.
^ "Two UK gigs as Kylie resumes tour". BBC News. 17 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5188896.stm. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue Cancels Performance with U2 Due To Exhaustion". Spotlighting News. 14 November 2006. http://www.spotlightingnews.com/article.php?news=3231. Retrieved 4 December 2006.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Adams, Cameron (17 January 2008). "Kylie Minogue talks about leaks, love and moving on". Herald Sun. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/kylie-minogue-talks-about-leaks-love-and-moving-on/story-e6frf96f-1111115331870. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
^ Iannacci, Elio (29 December 2007). "Kylie Minogue makes comeback". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/288564. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
^ ^a ^b Rosen, Jody (17 April 2008). "Album Reviews, Kylie Minogue, X". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 5 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080405175411/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/kylieminogue/albums/album/19781398/review/19935822/x. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
^ ^a ^b Adams, Cameron (28 August 2008). "Kylie Minogue bringing latest show to Australia on 19 December". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24249776-2902,00.html. Retrieved 15 April 2008. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Kylie Minogue: X (album)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=X&cat=a. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue: 2 Hearts (song)". Media Jungen. http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Kylie+Minogue&titel=2+Hearts&cat=s. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b Sinclair, David (28 July 2008). "Kylie Minogue at the O2 Arena, London". The Times (UK: Times Newspapers Ltd.). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/live_reviews/article4413509.ece. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
^ "Brit Awards 2008: The winners". BBC News. 20 February 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7187992.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ Mitchell, Peter (10 April 2008). "Kylie lacks X-factor in US". AdelaideNow. http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/entertainment/music/kylie-lacks-x-factor-in-us/story-e6freeuu-1111116037256. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
^ Adams, Cameron. "The 51st Grammy Awards Winners List". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090805193328/http://content.grammy.com/grammy_awards/51st_show/list.aspx. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ "Kylie heats up Oslo in sexy PVC number to honour Al Gore". London: Mail Online. 7 December 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-500862/Kylie-heats-Oslo-sexy-PVC-number-honour-Al-Gore.html. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
^ "Kylie and Jason sing on X Factor". BBC News. 7 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7140296.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
^ "Kylie's tour to kick off in Paris". London: Telegraph Media Group. 29 April 2008. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672988/Kylies-tour-to-kick-off-in-Paris.html. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
^ "Kylie thanks fans at film launch". BBC News. 17 October 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7048346.stm. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ "Kylie and Dannii recreate infamous Dynasty catfight for TV special". London: BBC News. 9 November 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-492545/Kylie-Dannii-recreate-infamous-Dynasty-catfight-TV-special.html. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
^ "Titanic Success!". BBC News. 26 December 2007. http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/12/26/51751.shtml. Retrieved 26 July 2009. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Parkinson and Minogue top honours". BBC News. 29 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7163660.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ Gammell, Caroline (29 December 2007). "Kylie awarded OBE in New Year Honours list". London: Telegraph Media Group. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1573919/Kylie-awarded-OBE-in-New-Year-Honours-list.html. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ "Kylie attends Palace for honour". BBC News. 3 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7485868.stm. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
^ ^a ^b "Kylie receives top French honour". ABC News. 6 May 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/05/06/2236197.htm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue is voted Great Britain's favourite celebrity". Daily Mirror. UK. 7 July 2008. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/07/07/kylie-is-voted-our-fave-celeb-115875-20634662/. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
^ "Take That scoop Brit Award double". BBC News. 21 February 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7254282.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue performs at Atlantis hotel launch". The Age (Australia). 21 November 2008. http://www.theage.com.au/travel/kylie-minogue-performs-at-atlantis-hotel-launch-20081121-6dev.html. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
^ "More Dates for KylieX2008 South America!". Minogue's Official Website. http://kylie.com/news/1745645. Retrieved 2 September 2008. ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b Herrera, Monica (6 May 2009). "Kylie Minogue Plans First North American Tour". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/kylie-minogue-plans-first-north-american-1003969732.story#/bbcom/news/kylie-minogue-plans-first-north-american-1003969732.story. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
^ "Kylie to present the Brit Awards". BBC News. 19 January 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7837020.stm. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
^ "Kylie to perform at Abba tribute". BBC News. 27 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8223823.stm. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue To Release New York Live Set", December 2009
^ [2]^{[dead link]}
^ "Kylie claims UK number one album". BBC News. 11 July 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment_and_arts/10592181.stm.
^ "Kylie". Kylie. http://kylie.com/news/1773826. Retrieved 28 March 2010. ^{[dead link]}
^ Christian Taylor (16 June 2010). "Kylie confirms world tour for 2011". samesame.com.au. http://www.samesame.com.au/news/local/5516/Kylie-confirms-world-tour-for-2011.htm. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
^ Sophie Eager (30 June 2010). "Kylie Minogue spotted with tattoo sleeve". Monsters and Critics. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/news/article_1567500.php/Kylie-Minogue-spotted-with-tattoo-sleeve. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
^ "Hurts explain how they got Kylie Minogue to sing on their debut album". NME. 28 July 2010. http://www.nme.com/news/hurts/52262. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
^ "'Get Outta My Way' — Brand New Single!". Kylie.com. 13 August 2010. http://www.kylie.com/news/%E2%80%98get-outta-my-way%E2%80%99-%E2%80%93-brand-new-single-2/. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
^ Kylie Performs In Egypt retrieved on 22/10/2010 [kylie.com]
^ "Better Than Today — EP by Kylie Minogue — Download Better Than Today — EP on iTunes". Itunes.apple.com. 3 December 2010. http://itunes.apple.com/gb/preorder/better-than-today-ep/id403378896. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
^ "Kylie Minogue Chart History". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/artist/kylie-minogue/chart-history/5213#/artist/kylie-minogue/chart-history/5213?f=359&g=Singles. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Caulfield, Keith (26 February 2011). "Kylie Minogue Makes History On Dance/Club Play Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/kylie-minogue-makes-history-on-dance-club-1005050042.story#/column/chartbeat/kylie-minogue-makes-history-on-dance-club-1005050042.story. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
^ "iTunes - Music - A Christmas Gift - EP by Kylie Minogue". Itunes.apple.com. 1 December 2010. http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/a-christmas-gift-ep/id407966543. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "iTunes - Music - A Kylie Christmas - Single by Kylie Minogue". Itunes.apple.com. 30 November 2010. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/a-kylie-christmas-single/id407566533. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "Kylie Minogue - Santa Baby (Christmas at Rockefeller Center NYC) Nov 30, 2010". YouTube. 30 November 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrz-EhH1qEs. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "Kylie Minogue the snow queen performs in New York as the Rockefeller Center is transformed into a winter wonderland". Daily Mail (London). 1 December 2010. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1334594/Kylie-Minogue-snow-queen-New-York-Rockefeller-Center-transformed-winter-wonderland.html.
^ About The Author Pro Motion (19 August 2011). "Kylie Minogue scores 4th #1* Billboard Dance single with ‘Put Your Hands Up’". Blog.promotion-us.com. http://blog.promotion-us.com/kylie-minogue-1-billboard-dance-chart-put-you-hands-up. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "Kylie Minogue to Drop ‘Aphrodite Les Folies Live in London’ DVD in November". Popcrush.com. 23 September 2011. http://popcrush.com/kylie-minogue-aphrodite-les-folies-live-in-london-dvd/. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "Get Ready For Aphrodite On Dvd And Blu-Ray! | Kylie Minogue". Kylie.com. http://www.kylie.com/news/get-ready-for-aphrodite-on-dvd-and-blu-ray/. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "Kylie Minogue to release new album next year | News". Nme.Com. 11 November 2011. http://www.nme.com/news/kylie-minogue/60343. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "25,000 fans helped to unlock the website in only 90 minutes! | Kylie Minogue". Kylie.com. 25 January 2012. http://www.kylie.com/news/2012/01/25000-fans-helped-to-unlock-the-website-in-only-90-minutes/. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
^ "K25 AT THE SYDNEY MARDI GRAS | Kylie Minogue". Kylie.com. http://www.kylie.com/news/2012/03/k25-at-the-sydney-mardi-gras-2/. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
^ "Kylie Anti Tour Shows Announced | Kylie Minogue". Kylie.com. http://www.kylie.com/news/2012/03/kylie-anti-tour-shows-announced/. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
^ "Jack and Diane [2012"]. Tribeca Film Festival. http://www.tribecafilm.com/filmguide/jack_and_diane-film40914.html#.T5JQXavwuAg. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
^ "Auds whoop, holler at 'Holy Motors' screening". Variety (magazine). 22 May 2012. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118054519. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
^ "Holy Motors! Minogue, Mendes in madcap Cannes movie". Reuters. 23 May 2012. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/23/entertainment-us-cannes-minogue-idUSBRE84M0R520120523. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
^ "Kylie Minogue at Cannes in bizarre 'Holy Motors'". Fox News. 23 May 2012. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/05/23/kylie-minogue-at-cannes-in-bizarre-holy-motors/. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
^ Caulfield, Keith (2012-05-04). "New Kylie Minogue Greatest Hits Album Due in June". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/news/new-kylie-minogue-greatest-hits-album-due-1006969552.story#/news/new-kylie-minogue-greatest-hits-album-due-1006969552.story. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 50
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 165
^ ^a ^b ^c Copley, p. 128
^ "Kylie's back on royal form". Birmingham Post: p. 5. 8 July 2000
^ Baker and Minogue, p. 211.
^ Pryor, Fiona (6 February 2007). "Discovering Kylie's style secrets". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6336337.stm. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
^ Chrissy, Iley (9 July 2009). "Kylie Minogue interview: State of Bliss". Scotland on Sunday. http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/spectrum/Kylie-Minogue-interview-State-of.5471174.jp. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
^ Webster, Philip (29 December 2007). "Kylie Minogue and Michael Parkinson lead list with heroes of summer floods". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article3105760.ece. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
^ Sutherland and Ellis, p. 47
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d McCabe, Kathy (24 November 2007). "Kylie and Madonna strut a similar stage, but are they poles apart?". The Telegraph. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/kylie-or-madonna-whos-queen/story-fna7dq6e-1111114952055. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ ^a ^b Baker and Minogue, p. 58
^ ^a ^b "Perfumed Kylie waxwork unveiled". BBC News. 7 October 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6248283.stm. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
^ "Kylie and her famous rear immortalised in bronze (but its posed by a body double)". Daily Mail (UK). 23 October 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-496002/Kylie-famous-rear-immortalised-bronze-posed-body-double.html. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
^ "Kylie Minogue named 'most powerful celebrity in Britain'". London: The Daily Telegraph UK. 31 March 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/7540790/Kylie-Minogue-named-most-powerful-celebrity-in-Britain.html. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
^ "The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time". Men's Health. 2011. http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, 25 June 2010
^ "Minogue's cancer shock ends tour". CNN. 17 May 2005. http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/05/17/kylie.cancer/index.html. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
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^ "Bracks warns paparazzi to back off". The Age (Australia). 18 May 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/People/Bracks-warns-paparazzi/2005/05/18/1116361596970.html. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
^ Attard, Monica (22 May 2005). "Peter Carrette and Peter Blunden on Kylie Minogue and the media". ABC Sunday Profile. http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1373289.htm. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
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^ "No Games appearance, says Kylie". BBC News. 30 August 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4196460.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b Moses, Alexa (9 November 2006). "Pop's darling is one busy showgirl". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/people/pops-darling-is-one-busy-showgirl/2006/11/08/1162661757617.html. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
^ "Kylie Minogue Fragrance range". Fragrance Direct. 28 February 2011. http://www.fragrancedirect.co.uk/k/kylie-minogue/icat/kylieminogue/. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
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^ "Kylie has 'respect' for doctors". BBC News. 9 April 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7338417.stm. Retrieved 5 August 2009.

Bibliography

Baker, William; Minogue, Kylie (2002). Kylie: La La La. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-73440-X.
Brown, Tony; Kutner, Jon; Warwick, Neil (2002). The Complete Book of the British Charts Singles and Albums. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9075-1.
Copley, Paul (2004). Marketing Communications Management: Concepts and Theories, Cases and Practices. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-5294-0.
Shuker, Roy (2001). Understanding Popular Music. Routledge, Second Edition. ISBN 978-0-415-23509-9.
Smith, Sean (2002). Kylie Confidential. Michael O'Mara Books Limited. ISBN 1-85479-415-9.
Sutherland, Byrony; Ellis, Lucy (2002). Kylie: Showgirl. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-9294-8.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kylie Minogue

Official website — owned and maintained by EMI and represents Kylie Minogue
Kylie Minogue Collection at the Performing Arts Collection
Kylie Minogue at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Kylie Minogue

Albums Singles Videos Tours Films Awards Products

Studio albums	Kylie Enjoy Yourself Rhythm of Love Let's Get to It Kylie Minogue Impossible Princess Light Years Fever Body Language X Aphrodite

Compilation albums	Greatest Hits Hits+ Confide in Me Greatest Hits 1987–1999 Greatest Hits 87–97 Kylie Minogue: Artist Collection Ultimate Kylie Confide in Me: The Irresistible Kylie Hits Kylie: The Albums 2000–2010 The Best of Kylie Minogue

Remix albums	The Kylie Collection Kylie's Remixes Volume 1 Kylie's Remixes Volume 2 Kylie's Non-Stop History 50+1 Greatest Remix Hits 1 Greatest Remix Hits 2 Mixes Impossible Remixes Greatest Remix Hits 3 Greatest Remix Hits 4 Boombox Essential Mixes

Video albums	The Videos Kylie: The Videos The Kylie Collection The Videos 2 Kylie On the Go – Live In Japan Let's Get To...The Videos Kylie - Live in Dublin Greatest Hits The Kylie Tapes 94–98 Live in Sydney Intimate and Live KylieFever2002: Live in Manchester Greatest Hits 1987–1992 Greatest Hits 87–97 Greatest Hits 1987–1999 Body Language Live Kylie Minogue: Artist Collection Ultimate Kylie Kylie: Showgirl White Diamond / Showgirl Homecoming Kylie Live: X2008 Aphrodite Les Folies: Live In London

Live albums	Intimate and Live Showgirl Showgirl Homecoming Live Live in New York

Extended plays	Other Sides Money Can't Buy Darling Pink Sparkle A Kylie Christmas

Concert tours	Enjoy Yourself Tour Rhythm of Love Tour Let's Get to It Tour Intimate and Live Tour On a Night Like This KylieFever2002 Kylie Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour Showgirl Homecoming KylieX2008 For You, For Me Tour Aphrodite World Tour Anti Tour

Promotional tours	Disco in Dream Tour The Hitman Roadshow

Television and film specials	White Diamond The Kylie Show Aphrodite Les Folies: Live in London

Notable acting roles	Charlene Robinson Cammy White Astrid Peth

Books	Kylie: La La La The Showgirl Princess K

Perfumes	Darling Sexy Darling Pink Sparkle

Related articles	Dannii Minogue Stock Aitken Waterman Brothers in Rhythm William Baker Steve Anderson Doctor Who

Book Category Portal WikiProject

v t e Kylie Minogue singles

Kylie	"The Loco-Motion" "I Should Be So Lucky" "Got to Be Certain" "Je Ne Sais Pas Pourquoi" "It's No Secret" "Turn It into Love"

Enjoy Yourself	"Hand on Your Heart" "Wouldn't Change a Thing" "Never Too Late" "Tears on My Pillow"

Rhythm of Love	"Better the Devil You Know" "Step Back in Time" "What Do I Have to Do" "Shocked"

Let's Get to It	"Word Is Out" "If You Were with Me Now "Give Me Just a Little More Time" "Finer Feelings"

Greatest Hits	"What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before)" "Celebration"

Kylie Minogue	"Confide in Me" "Put Yourself in My Place" "Where Is the Feeling?"

Impossible Princess	"Some Kind of Bliss" "Did It Again" "Breathe" "Cowboy Style"

Light Years	"Spinning Around" "On a Night Like This" "Please Stay" "Your Disco Needs You"

Fever	"Can't Get You Out of My Head" "In Your Eyes" "Love at First Sight" "Come into My World"

Body Language	"Slow" "Red Blooded Woman" "Chocolate"

Ultimate Kylie	"I Believe in You" "Giving You Up"

X	"2 Hearts" "Wow" "In My Arms" "All I See" "The One"

Aphrodite	"All the Lovers" "Get Outta My Way" "Better Than Today" "Put Your Hands Up (If You Feel Love)"

Other singles and songs	"I Guess I Like It Like That" "Butterfly" "Secret (Take You Home)" "Aphrodite" "Timebomb"

Featured singles	"Especially for You" "Keep on Pumpin' It" "Where the Wild Roses Grow" "GBI: German Bold Italic" "Kids" "Sometime Samurai" "Lhuna" "Chiggy Wiggy" "Everybody Hurts" "Higher"

Book Category Portal WikiProject

v t e ARIA Award for Single of the Year (1990s)

"Crying in the Chapel" by Peter Blakeley (1990) "I Don't Wanna Be With Nobody But You" by Absent Friends (1991) "Treaty (Filthy Lucre Remix)" by Yothu Yindi (1992) "The Day You Went Away" by Wendy Matthews (1993) "The Honeymoon Is Over" by The Cruel Sea (1994) "Tomorrow" by Silverchair (1995) "Where the Wild Roses Grow" by Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds and Kylie Minogue (1996) "Truly Madly Deeply" by Savage Garden (1997) "Torn" by Natalie Imbruglia (1998) "The Day You Come" by Powderfinger (1999)

Complete list (1980s) (1990s) (2000s) (2010s)

v t e ARIA Award for Single of the Year (2000s)

"Don't Call Me Baby" by Madison Avenue (2000) "My Happiness" by Powderfinger (2001) "Can't Get You Out of My Head" by Kylie Minogue (2002) "Born to Try" by Delta Goodrem (2003) "Are You Gonna Be My Girl" by Jet (2004) "Catch My Disease" by Ben Lee (2005) "Black Fingernails, Red Wine" by Eskimo Joe (2006) "Straight Lines" by Silverchair (2007) "Sweet About Me" by Gabriella Cilmi (2008) "Walking on a Dream" by Empire of the Sun (2009)

Complete list (1980s) (1990s) (2000s) (2010s)

v t e ARIA Award for Best Female Artist (2000s)

Kasey Chambers (2000) Kylie Minogue (2001) Kasey Chambers (2002) Delta Goodrem (2003) Kasey Chambers (2004) Missy Higgins (2005) Clare Bowditch (2006) Missy Higgins (2007) Gabriella Cilmi (2008) Sarah Blasko (2009)

Complete list (1980s) (1990s) (2000s) (2010s)

v t e UK best-selling albums (by year) (1970–1989)

1970: Bridge Over Troubled Water (Simon & Garfunkel) 1971: Bridge Over Troubled Water (Simon & Garfunkel) 1972: 20 Dynamic Hits (Various Artists) 1973: Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player (Elton John) 1974: The Singles: 1969–1973 (The Carpenters) 1975: The Best of The Stylistics (The Stylistics) 1976: Greatest Hits (ABBA) 1977: Arrival (ABBA) 1978: Saturday Night Fever (Original Soundtrack) 1979: Parallel Lines (Blondie) 1980: Super Trouper (ABBA) 1981: Kings of the Wild Frontier (Adam and the Ants) 1982: Love Songs (Barbra Streisand) 1983: Thriller (Michael Jackson) 1984: Can't Slow Down (Lionel Richie) 1985: Brothers in Arms (Dire Straits) 1986: True Blue (Madonna) 1987: Bad (Michael Jackson) 1988: Kylie (Kylie Minogue) 1989: Ten Good Reasons (Jason Donovan)

Complete list (1956–1969) (1970–1989) (1990–2009) (2010–2029)

v t e Gold Logie Award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television

1960s	Graham Kennedy (1960) Bob Dyer (1961) Lorrae Desmond (1962) Michael Charlton (1963) Bobby Limb (1964) Jimmy Hannan (1965) Gordon Chater (1966) Graham Kennedy and Hazel Phillips (1967) Brian Henderson (1968) Graham Kennedy (1969)

1970s	Barry Crocker and Maggie Tabberer (1970) Gerard Kennedy and Maggie Tabberer (1971) Gerard Kennedy (1972) Tony Barber (1973) Graham Kennedy and Pat McDonald (1974) Ernie Sigley and Denise Drysdale (1975) Norman Gunston and Denise Drysdale (1976) Don Lane and Jeanne Little (1977) Graham Kennedy (1978) Bert Newton (1979)

1980s	Mike Walsh (1980) Bert Newton (1981) Bert Newton (1982) Daryl Somers (1983) Bert Newton (1984) Rowena Wallace (1985) Daryl Somers (1986) Ray Martin (1987) Kylie Minogue (1988) Daryl Somers (1989)

1990s	Craig McLachlan (1990) Steve Vizard (1991) Jana Wendt (1992) Ray Martin (1993) Ray Martin (1994) Ray Martin (1995) Ray Martin (1996) Lisa McCune (1997) Lisa McCune (1998) Lisa McCune (1999)

2000s	Lisa McCune (2000) Georgie Parker (2001) Georgie Parker (2002) Rove McManus (2003) Rove McManus (2004) Rove McManus (2005) John Wood (2006) Kate Ritchie (2007) Kate Ritchie (2008) Rebecca Gibney (2009)

2010s	Ray Meagher (2010) Karl Stefanovic (2011) Hamish Blake (2012)

Logie Awards

v t e Logie Award for Most Popular Actress

1970s	Lorraine Bayly (1978) Lorraine Bayly (1979)

1980s	Paula Duncan (1980) Paula Duncan (1981) Val Lehman (1982) Rowena Wallace (1983) Rowena Wallace (1984) Anne Tenney (1985) Anne Tenney (1986) Kylie Minogue (1987) Kylie Minogue (1988) Annie Jones (1989)

1990s	Rachel Friend (1990) Georgie Parker (1991) Georgie Parker (1992) Georgie Parker (1993) Sonia Todd (1994) Lisa McCune (1995) Lisa McCune (1996) Lisa McCune (1997) Lisa McCune (1998) Lisa McCune (1999)

2000s	Lisa McCune (2000) Georgie Parker (2001) Libby Tanner (2002) Libby Tanner (2003) Lisa Chappell (2004) Bec Cartwright (2005) Kate Ritchie (2006) Kate Ritchie (2007) Kate Ritchie (2008) Rebecca Gibney (2009)

2010s	Rebecca Gibney (2010) Asher Keddie (2011)

Logie Awards

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylie_Minogue

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Playlist

Film Summary

Persondata
Name	Minogue, Kylie
Alternative names	Minogue, Kylie Ann
Short description	pop singer, songwriter, actress
Date of birth	28 May 1968
Place of birth	Melbourne, Australia
Date of death
Place of death

	Book: Kylie Minogue
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Contents

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Contents

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] 1987–92: Kylie, Enjoy Yourself, Rhythm of Love and Let's Get to It

[edit] 1993–98: Kylie Minogue and Impossible Princess

[edit] 1999–04: Light Years, Fever and Body Language

[edit] 2005–09: Breast cancer and X

[edit] 2010–present: Aphrodite and K25 anniversary

Related pages: