- published: 15 Jun 2010
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![California Girls- Katy Perry ft. Snoop Dog lyrics [ONSCREEN]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121228210923im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Vj_UEJjUIQ4/default.jpg "california girls :) hope u like it THANKS FOR THE VIEWS EVERYONE :D check out Katy Perry's official music video of CALIFORNIA GIRLS katyperrymusic (sorry if i didnt have the correct lyrics)")
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- 15 Big Ones
- 7" vinyl
- A View to a Kill
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- Baritone saxophone
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Capitol Records
Capitol Records is a major American record label, formerly located in Los Angeles, but as of 2011[update] operating in New York City as part of Capitol Music Group. Its former headquarters building, the Capitol Tower, is a major landmark near the corner of Hollywood and Vine. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of EMI.
The Capitol Records Company was founded by songwriter Johnny Mercer in 1942, with the financial help of fellow songwriter and film producer Buddy DeSylva and the business acumen of Glenn Wallichs (1910–1971), owner of Music City, at the time the biggest record store in Los Angeles.
Johnny Mercer first suggested the idea of starting a record company while he was golfing with Harold Arlen and Bobby Sherwood. He told them, "I’ve got this idea of starting a record company. I get so tired of listening to the way everyone treats music. I keep feeling they’re selling out. And I don’t like the way artists are treated either. Bing Crosby isn’t the only one who can make records. I don’t know, I think it would be fun." By 1941, Mercer was not only an experienced songwriter, but a singer with a number of records to his name. Mercer next suggested starting a record company to his friend Glenn Wallichs while Mercer was visiting Wallichs' record store. Wallichs responded, "Fine, you run the record company and find the artists,' and Mercer added, "and you run the business."
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Iceland
Iceland
i/ˈaɪslənd/ (Icelandic: Ísland, IPA: [ˈislant]) is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Reykjavík, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterised by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingólfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them thralls (slaves) of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies. Until the 20th century, the Icelandic population relied largely on fisheries and agriculture, and the country was one of the poorest and least developed in the world. Industrialisation of the fisheries and aid from the Marshall Plan brought prosperity in the years after World War II, and by the 1990s it was one of the world's wealthiest countries. In 1994, Iceland became party to the European Economic Area, which made it possible for the economy to diversify into economic and financial services.
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Siberia
Coordinates: 60°0′N 105°0′E / 60°N 105°E / 60; 105
Siberia (/saɪˈbɪəriə/; Russian: Сиби́рь, tr. Sibir'; IPA: [sʲɪˈbʲirʲ] (
listen)) is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union (USSR) from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th to 19th centuries.
Encompassing much of the Eurasian Steppe, the territory of Siberia extends eastward from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins, and southward from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and the national borders of Mongolia and China. Siberia makes up about 77% of Russia's territory (13.1 million square kilometres), but has only 28% (40 million people) of Russia's population.
Some sources say that the word Siberia originates from the Turkic for "sleeping land". Another version is that this name was the ancient tribal name of the Sabirs, Turkic nomads later assimilated to Siberian Tatars. The modern usage of the name appeared in the Russian language after the conquest of the Siberian Khanate.
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Adrian Baker
Adrian Baker (born 18 January 1951, London) is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer.
Baker made his debut as a singer on Magnet Records/Epic Records in the United Kingdom. In 1975, he released his first solo album, Into a Dream (MAG 5009). From that album, he had several hits on the UK Singles Chart, and performed several times on the BBC Television's Top of the Pops programme. As a record producer, Baker is known across Europe for his dance hit productions with the group Liquid Gold.
He twice attempted to write the UK's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest, reaching the A Song For Europe final in both 1979 and 1981. His first finalist song, "Miss Caroline Newley", performed by the band M Squad finished eleventh of the twelve songs in 1979. But in 1981, his song "Don't Panic", performed by Liquid Gold, finished in second place and had the rare distinction of being a losing song from the A Song For Europe contest to make the UK Singles Chart, reaching #42.
Baker, with his band Gidea Park, recorded a version of the Beach Boys "California Girls" for the James Bond film, A View to a Kill. It was featured in the opening sequence with Bond snowboarding. It has been suggested that this teaser sequence helped initiate interest in snowboarding.
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Al Jardine
Alan Charles "Al" Jardine (born September 3, 1942) is a founding member of top-selling American music group The Beach Boys, a guitarist and occasional lead vocalist. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988.
Jardine was born in Lima, Ohio. His family moved from Ohio to San Francisco, California, and later to Hawthorne, California. In high school, he met a fellow student, Brian Wilson, and played stand up bass on The Beach Boys' first recording, the 1961 song "Surfin'." Following his leaving the band in early 1962, he worked in the air industry in Los Angeles. He was replaced by David Marks. He rejoined the band in summer 1963 at the request of Brian Wilson and until October, he toured with and worked in the studio with David, until the latter left the band.
Jardine was the band's rhythm guitarist and harmony vocalist, and sang lead on songs such as the number one hit "Help Me, Rhonda," as well as "Christmas Day," "Then I Kissed Her," "Cotton Fields," "Susie Cincinnati," "Lookin' at Tomorrow (A Welfare Song)," "Peggy Sue," "Lady Lynda" and "Come Go With Me" and shared the lead with other members of the band on tracks including "Break Away" and "I Know There's an Answer." On the latter track producer Brian Wilson preferred Al's lead vocal to his own.
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Billy Sheehan
William "Billy" Sheehan (born on March 19, 1953, in Buffalo, New York) is an American bassist known for his work with Talas, Steve Vai, David Lee Roth, Mr. Big, and Niacin. Sheehan has won the "Best Rock Bass Player" readers' poll from Guitar Player Magazine five times for his "lead bass" playing style. Sheehan's repertoire includes the use of chording, two-handed tapping, right-hand "three-finger picking" technique and controlled feedback.
Billy Sheehan's first electric bass was a Hagström FB, which was soon sistered[clarification needed] by a Precision bass similar to Tim Bogert's. After acquiring the Precision bass, he removed the frets from the Hagström. Over the years, he heavily modified the Precision bass as well, adding a neck pickup and additional support for the bolt-on neck, which Sheehan considers its greatest weakness. The neck pickup was added for what Sheehan referred to as "super deep low end" modelled after Paul Samwell-Smith of the Yardbirds. The Gibson EB-0 type pickup in the neck and the original split Precision bass pickup each have their own separate output jacks on the bass itself, allowing for control of the tone via the bass. Sheehan also uses two amps to achieve his signature tone (as do Chris Squire of Yes and Doug Pinnick of King's X), one with full distortion and notch filtering to sound more guitar-like for solos, and one super-clean for the low end of the neck pickup. This bass has been retired, but he affectionately refers to it as "The Wife"."Gear article". Billysheehan.com. http://billysheehan.com/gear/instruments_34.html. Retrieved 2011-08-09. Sheehan's signature Yamaha bass is based on this Bass.
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Billy Strange
William Everett "Billy" Strange (September 29, 1930 – February 22, 2012) was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and actor. He was a session musician with the famed Wrecking Crew.
Billy Strange was born in Long Beach, California on Sept. 29, 1930.
Strange teamed up with Mac Davis to write several hit songs for Elvis Presley, including "A Little Less Conversation", the theme from Charro!, and "Memories". Strange also composed the musical soundtrack for two of Elvis' films Live a Little, Love a Little and The Trouble with Girls. He also wrote "Limbo Rock" that was recorded by Chubby Checker.
Strange recorded many cover versions of James Bond movie themes for GNP Crescendo Records and provided the instrumental backing and arrangement for Nancy Sinatra's non-soundtrack version of "You Only Live Twice" as well as Nancy and Frank Sinatra's "Somethin' Stupid". He was recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame for his pioneering contribution to the genre. Billy Strange was inducted into the Musicians Hall Of Fame & Museum.
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Blondie Chaplin
Terence William 'Blondie' Chaplin is a musician from Durban, South Africa who first became known to international audiences through his brief stint in the early 1970s as a singer and guitarist for The Beach Boys. Chaplin was also listed as a co-producer, sang lead vocals with fellow South African musician Ricky Fataar (drummer) and composed, with Fataar, "Here She Comes" and "Hold On Dear Brother" on the twenty-third official Beach Boys album, Carl and the Passions - "So Tough", released in 1972. He is well known in recent years as a long term backing vocalist, percussionist and acoustic rhythm guitarist for the Rolling Stones on their tours.
Blondie Chaplin, along with drummer Ricky Fataar, joined the Beach Boys when original drummer Dennis Wilson suffered a hand injury which left him unable to play the drums for almost two years. For the Beach Boys, it was a period in which long-time member Bruce Johnston had departed the band, and one-time leader Brian Wilson's participation in the group was very limited. As a result, Chaplin and Fataar joined the Beach Boys as full-fledged members and not merely as backing musicians. Chaplin left the group in 1973 after a dispute with the Beach Boys' management; Fataar remained with the band until the following year (and has performed with Bonnie Raitt's band since the 1980s).
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Brian Wilson
Brian Douglas Wilson (born June 20, 1942) is an American musician, best known as the leader and chief songwriter of the group The Beach Boys. On stage, Wilson provided many of the lead vocals, and often harmonized with the group in falsetto. Early during his on-stage career, Wilson primarily played bass on stage, but gradually transitioned to primarily playing piano/keyboards. Besides being the primary composer in The Beach Boys, he also functioned as the band's main producer and arranger. After signing with Capitol Records in mid-1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits including "Surfin' Safari", "Surfin' USA", "Shut Down", "Little Deuce Coupe", "Be True to Your School", "In My Room", "Fun, Fun, Fun", "I Get Around", "Dance Dance Dance", "Help Me Rhonda", "California Girls" and "Good Vibrations". These songs and their accompanying albums were internationally popular, making The Beach Boys one of the biggest acts of their time.
In the mid-60s Wilson used his increasingly creative ambitions to compose and produce Pet Sounds, considered one of the greatest albums of all time. At this point his music was considered to rival that of Lennon–McCartney. The intended follow up to Pet Sounds, Smile, was cancelled for various reasons, including Wilson's deteriorating mental health. Wilson's contributions to The Beach Boys diminished as the years went by, and his erratic behavior led to tensions with the band. After years of treatment and recuperation, he began a solo career in 1988 with Brian Wilson, the same year that he and The Beach Boys were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Since then he has toured for the first time in decades with a new band and released acclaimed albums such as a reworked version of Smile in 2004, for which Wilson won a Grammy Award for "Mrs. O'Leary's Cow (Fire)" as Best Rock Instrumental, That Lucky Old Sun, and Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin.
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Bruce Johnston
Bruce Arthur Johnston (born Benjamin Baldwin on June 27, 1942) is a member of The Beach Boys and a songwriter, remembered especially for composing "I Write the Songs". Johnston was not one of the original members of the band. He joined the band on April 9, 1965 after Glen Campbell (who was substituting on stage for the group's chief song writer Brian Wilson) decided to embark on a solo career. Johnston's first vocal recording with the Beach Boys was "California Girls."
As a child Johnston was adopted by William and Irene Johnston of Chicago, and grew up on the West side of Los Angeles in Brentwood and Bel-Air. His adoptive father was president of the Owl Rexall Drug Company in Los Angeles after moving from Walgreens in Chicago. Johnston attended private school Bel-Air Town And Country School (later renamed John Thomas Dye School) in Los Angeles and also studied classical piano in his early years. In high school, Johnston switched to contemporary music. He performed in a few "beginning" bands during this time and then moved on to working with young musicians such as Sandy Nelson, Kim Fowley and Phil Spector. Soon Johnston began backing people such as Ritchie Valens, the Everly Brothers, and even Eddie Cochran. In 1959 while still in high school, Johnston arranged and played on his first hit record called "Teenbeat" by Sandy Nelson. The single record reached the Billboard Top Ten. The same year Johnston made his first single under his own name, "Take This Pearl" on Arwin Records (a record label owned by Doris Day) as part of the Bruce & Terry duo.
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Carl Wilson
Carl Dean Wilson (December 21, 1946 – February 6, 1998) was an American rock and roll singer and guitarist, best known as a founding member, lead guitarist and occasional lead vocalist of The Beach Boys. Wilson performed lead vocals on a number of notable songs by The Beach Boys, including "Good Vibrations" and "God Only Knows".
Carl Wilson was the younger brother of fellow Beach Boys Dennis and Brian Wilson. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. Wilson died in 1998 from a combination of brain and lung cancer.
Wilson was born in Hawthorne, California, the son of Audree Neva (née Korthof) and Murry Gage Wilson. Wilson played the Chuck Berry-esque guitar parts on many of the band's early hits. Turning 15 as the group's first hit, "Surfin'", broke locally in Los Angeles, his father and manager, Murry Wilson, who sold his business to support his sons' band, bought him a Fender Jaguar. By the end of 1964 he was using a 12-string Rickenbacker, also favored by George Harrison of the Beatles and Roger McGuinn of the Byrds. Because the band first became successful when he was in his teens, he was still developing as a musician and singer. Though both quickly became skilled guitarists, he was nominally the lead over David Marks when they first started recording. Dave Marsh, in "The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll" (1976), stated that Pete Townshend of The Who expanded on both R&B and white rock "influenced heavily by Beach Boy Carl Wilson...".
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Carol Kaye
Carol Kaye (born March 24, 1935) is an American musician, best known as one of the most prolific and widely heard bass guitarists in history, playing on an estimated 10,000 recording sessions in a 55 year career.
As a session musician, Kaye was the bassist on many Phil Spector and Brian Wilson productions in the 1960s and 1970s. She played guitar on Ritchie Valens' "La Bamba" and is credited with the bass tracks on several Simon & Garfunkel hits and many film scores by Quincy Jones and Lalo Schifrin. Among her most often cited work Kaye anchored the Beach Boys' album Pet Sounds.
Kaye was born in Everett, Washington to professional musicians Clyde and Dot Smith. She grew up in poverty near the Port of Los Angeles and in 1949 at the age of fourteen began teaching guitar professionally. Throughout the 1950s, Kaye played bebop jazz guitar in dozens of nightclubs around Los Angeles with many noted bands including Bob Neal's jazz group, Jack Sheldon backing Lenny Bruce, Teddy Edwards and Billy Higgins. By her own account, Kaye got into lucrative studio work "accidentally" in late 1957 with Sam Cooke.[citation needed] A few years later, when a bass player failed to show for a session at Capitol Records in Hollywood, she was asked to fill in on what was then often called the "Fender bass". She was a member of the famed "Wrecking Crew" studio musicians, who played on almost all the hit records emanating from LA. in the 1960s.
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Chris Tucker
Christopher "Chris" Tucker (born August 31, 1972) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing the role of Detective James Carter in the Rush Hour film series. Tucker became a frequent stand up performer on Def Comedy Jam in the 1990s. He came to prominence in the 1995 film Friday alongside Ice Cube, and then appeared in Luc Besson's The Fifth Element before beginning work on the highly commercially successful Rush Hour films. In 2006 he negotiated an unprecedented $25 million salary to appear in Rush Hour 3, which at the time made him the highest paid actor in Hollywood. Despite his good box office credentials, his workrate as a film actor has been slow, with Tucker only appearing in the two Rush Hour sequels in the last decade. Tucker was a close friend of Michael Jackson, appearing in the "You Rock My World" video. He appeared as a witness for the defense at Jackson's 2005 trial. He had financial troubles in 2011 when his $6 million property on Lake Apopka in the Bella Collina community was foreclosed. He returned to doing standup that same year.
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Christopher Cross
Christopher Cross (born Christopher Charles Geppert; May 3, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter from San Antonio, Texas. His debut album earned him five Grammys. He is perhaps best known for his US Top Ten hit songs, "Sailing", "Ride Like the Wind", and "Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)", the last of which he recorded for the film Arthur starring Dudley Moore. "Sailing" earned three Grammy Awards in 1981, while "Arthur's Theme" won the Oscar for Best Original Song in 1981 (with co-composers Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager and Peter Allen).
Cross first played with a San Antonio-based cover band named Flash (not to be confused with the early 1970s English band of the same name) before signing a solo contract with Warner Bros.
Cross released his self-titled debut album, Christopher Cross, in 1979, which garnered him five Grammy Awards. He was the first solo artist to win all four General Field Grammy Awards (Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year and Best New Artist) in the same year. Hot 100 top 20 hits from this album included "Ride Like the Wind" (featuring backing vocals by Michael McDonald), "Sailing", "Never Be the Same", and "Say You'll Be Mine" (featuring backing vocals by Nicolette Larson).
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David Lee Roth
David Lee Roth (born October 10, 1954) is an American rock vocalist, songwriter, actor, author, and former radio personality. Roth is one of few vocalists with a larger than 4 octave range in full voice (from G1 to G♯5).
Roth is best known as the original and current lead singer of the Southern California-based hard rock outfit Van Halen. After departing Van Halen in 1985 Roth first enjoyed a successful career as a solo artist, which originated while still a member of that band and yielded several RIAA-certified Gold and Platinum records. After more than two decades apart, Roth rejoined Van Halen in 2006 for a North American tour that became the most successful in the band's history and one of the highest grossing of that year. Roth has remained the lead singer of Van Halen since his 2006 return and has recently completed recording new material with the band for their first album together since 1984.
Roth was born on October 10, 1954, in Bloomington, Indiana. He is the son of ophthalmologist Nathan Roth and Sibyl Roth and the brother of Allison and Lisa Roth. Dr. Nathan Roth was a renowned eye surgeon, who made millions via his practice and in real estate. Dr. Roth was even featured on the TV show, "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous", in 1984. On that program, Dr. Roth claims that he was Van Halen's first manager helping the group obtain gigs in the early days. Nathan owned a 14,000-square-foot home in Pasadena named "Rothwood" and a chateau named "Bradbury". He was a writer, an actor, and a surgeon.
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Dennis Wilson
Dennis Carl Wilson (December 4, 1944 – December 28, 1983) was an American rock and roll musician best known as a founding member and the drummer of The Beach Boys. He was a member of the group from its formation until his death in 1983. Dennis was the middle brother of fellow Beach Boys members Brian Wilson and Carl Wilson, as well as cousin of Mike Love.
His prominence in the group as a writer and lead vocalist increased as their careers went on into the late 1960s and 1970s. He is often considered the dark horse of the Beach Boys members amongst fans and in 1977 he released his solo album Pacific Ocean Blue to wide critical acclaim, near Gold sales in the US and higher sales overseas. Dennis Wilson was also the only real-life surfer of the group, the seminal, most original and famous of the groups to be tagged surf rock in the early 1960s, and his personal life exemplified the beach lifestyle that the group's songs often celebrated.
Wilson was the son of Audree Neva (née Korthof) and Murry Gage Wilson. He spent his family years with his brothers and parents in Hawthorne, California. Dennis' role in the family dynamic, which he himself acknowledged, was that of the black sheep. Though anxiety-filled and aggressive at times, like the other Wilson brothers he was (over)sensitive and generous. He was the most often spanked of the Wilson brothers, by their strong-willed father Murry. Possessed with an abundance of physical energy and a combative nature, Dennis often refused to participate in family singalongs, and likewise avoided vocalizing on the early recordings made by Brian on a portable tape recorder. However, Dennis would sing with his brothers late at night in their shared bedroom on a song Brian later recalled as "our special one we'd sing," titled Come Down, Come Down from the Ivory Tower. Brian noted of the late night brotherly three-part harmonies: "We developed a little blend which aided us when we started to get into the Beach Boys stuff."
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Frank Capp
Frank Capp is an American jazz drummer.
Capp was born August 20, 1931 in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. He began playing with Stan Kenton starting in 1951 and remained with Kenton for some time. Later he joined Neal Hefti's group. He often accompanied Peggy Lee on some of her road dates and subsequently came to Los Angeles where he joined Billy May. Together with Nat Pierce he founded the Capp-Pierce-Juggernaut Big Band in 1975.
As member of Hal Blaines' Wrecking Crew, Frank primarily played percussion. He did however play drums on Sonny and Cher's "I've Got You Babe".
Frank complained that rock drummers had ruined drum hardware. By playing harder than jazz drummers, cymbal stands were built heavier over the years. Frank said, "I used to be able to move my entire drum kit by myself on the NYC subway."
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Gregg Bissonette
Gregg Bissonette, (born June 9, 1959, Detroit, Michigan) is an American drummer.
Bissonette was born in a family of musicians. His father Bud Bissonette plays drums, his mother Phyllis plays piano and vibraphone, and brother Matt Bissonette plays bass guitar. Bissonette started learning to play the drums at age 5 from his father. Bissonette went on to study at the University of North Texas where he was a music education major. He was also featured in the famed One O'Clock Lab Band. After college, he joined Matt in the Maynard Ferguson Big Band and recorded "Live from San Francisco".
One of Bissonette's first recordings was Brandon Field's "The Other Side of the Story" in 1985. It also featured David Garfield on keyboards. A few years later Bissonette would start playing shows with Brandon, David, and Steve Lukather on guitar and with John Pena on bass as "Los Lobotomys" to standing room only audiences. These shows took place at The Baked Potato, a jazz club and restaurant located in Los Angeles, California, playing rock, Latin, jazz and more.
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Gretchen Wilson
Gretchen Frances Wilson (born June 26, 1973) is an American country music artist. She made her debut in 2004 with the Grammy Award-winning single "Redneck Woman," a number-one hit on the Billboard country charts. The song served as the lead-off single of her debut album, Here for the Party. Wilson followed this album one year later with All Jacked Up, the title track of which became the highest-debuting single for a female country artist upon its 2005 release. A third album, One of the Boys, was released in 2007.
Overall, Wilson has charted 13 singles on the Billboard country charts, of which five have reached Top Ten: the Number One "Redneck Woman", as well as "Here for the Party" (#3, 2004), "When I Think About Cheatin'" (#4, 2004), "Homewrecker" (#2, 2005), and "All Jacked Up" (#8, 2005). The album Here for the Party was certified 5× Multi-Platinum by the RIAA for sales of five million copies, while All Jacked Up was certified platinum. She has sold over 6 million records worldwide.
Gretchen Wilson was born in Pocahontas, Illinois, to a sixteen-year-old mother. Her father left before she was two years old, and she and her mother lived in trailer parks and relative poverty. Wilson's mother worked as a waitress, and Wilson herself, dropped out of the 9th grade at age fifteen to work as a cook and bartender in rural Illinois.
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Hal Blaine
Hal Blaine (born Harold Simon Belsky, 5 February 1929, Holyoke, Massachusetts) is an American drummer and session musician. He is most known for his work with the Wrecking Crew in California. Blaine played on numerous hits by popular groups, including Elvis Presley, John Denver, the Ronettes, Simon & Garfunkel, the Carpenters, the Beach Boys, Nancy Sinatra, and the 5th Dimension. He has played on 50 number one hits, over 150 top ten hits and has recorded, by his own admission, on over 35000 pieces of music over four decades of work. Blaine is a member of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. He is widely regarded as one of the most Prolific Drummers in recording music history.
Hal Blaine Strikes Again is a rubber stamp used by Blaine to stamp scores that he plays and also places where he played. Drummer and author Max Weinberg, in his introduction to the chapter on Blaine in his book, writes:
Eleven years later our band played Wembley Arena, near London. After the show, while we were relaxing backstage, Bruce asked me to come into his dressing room. I went in, he pointed to the wall and said, "Look at that." I looked at the wall but didn't see anything except peeling wallpaper. "Look closer," he said. Finally, I got right down on the spot he was pointing to. and right there, in a crack in the paper, rubber stamped to the wall, it said HAL BLAINE STRIKES AGAIN. When asked to explain about the stamp Blaine replied, "I always stamp my charts. And there's a reason why I started that; it wasn't all ego." He went on to describe that occasionally he would need to find a particular chart amidst "five hundred pieces of music in a pile" and he needed some mark to do so. "Eventually I had a rubber stamp made up, and from that day on I've always stamped every piece of music I play, whether it's a demo or something I play at a friend's house."
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Howard Roberts
Howard Roberts (October 2, 1929 – June 28, 1992) was an American jazz guitarist, educator and session musician.
Roberts was born in Phoenix, Arizona, and began playing guitar at age 8. By the time he was 15 he was playing professionally locally.
In 1950 he moved to Los Angeles. There, with the assistance of Jack Marshall, he began playing with musicians including Bobby Troup, Chico Hamilton and Barney Kessel. In about 1956, Bobby Troup signed him to Verve Records as a solo artist. Around that time he decided to concentrate on recording, both as a solo artist and session musician, a direction he would continue until the early 1970s.
Roberts played rhythm guitar, lead guitar, bass and mandolin, both in the studio and for television and movie projects, including lead guitar in the theme from The Twilight Zone, guitar on the theme from The Munsters and rhythm guitar on the theme from I Dream of Jeannie.
Artists Roberts backed included Georgie Auld, Peggy Lee (Fever), Eddie Cochran (Sittin In The Balcony), Bobby Day (Rockin Robin), Jody Reynolds (Endless Sleep), Shelley Fabares (Johnny Angel), Dean Martin (Houston), The Monkees, Roy Clark, Chet Atkins, and The Electric Prunes.
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Howard Stern
Howard Allan Stern (born January 12, 1954) is an American radio personality, television host, author, actor and photographer best known for his radio show which was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2005. He gained wide recognition in the 1990s where he was labeled a "shock jock" for his outspoken and sometimes controversial style. Stern has been exclusive to Sirius XM Radio, a subscription-based satellite radio service, since 2006. The son of a former recording and radio engineer, Stern wished to pursue a career in radio at the age of five. While at Boston University he worked at the campus station WTBU before a brief stint at WNTN in Newton, Massachusetts.
He developed his on-air personality when he landed positions at WRNW in Briarcliff Manor, WCCC in Hartford and WWWW in Detroit. In 1981, he was paired with his current newscaster and co-host Robin Quivers at WWDC in Washington, D.C. Stern then moved to WNBC in New York City in 1982 to host afternoons until his firing in 1985. He re-emerged on WXRK that year, and became one of the most popular radio personalities during his 20-year tenure at the station. Stern's show is the most-fined radio program, after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued fines to station licensees for allegedly indecent material that totaled $2.5 million. Stern has won Billboard's Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year award eight times, and is one of the highest-paid figures in radio.
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Jack Nimitz
Jack Nimitz (January 11, 1930 – June 10, 2009) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist.
He played in a variety of genres including jazz and rock. He appeared on many jazz albums as sideman and rock albums as session musician, including The Beach Boys singles "Sloop John B", "Please Let Me Wonder, and "The Girl from New York City".
Nimitz was born in Washington D.C.. He first began playing on clarinet at age 12, and picked up alto saxophone at 14. He played in local bands in Washington D.C., and after specializing on baritone sax he found work in the territory bands of Willis Connover, Bob Astor, Johnny Bothwell, and Daryl Harpa. He played with Woody Herman (1953-55), Stan Kenton (1955-56, 1958-59), and Herbie Mann (1959); he also played in the house band for the Savoy Theater in the 1950s.
He then moved to Los Angeles and worked in film music in addition to playing with Bill Berry, Benny Carter, Gerald Wilson, Supersax, Frank Strazzeri, Thelonious Monk, Terry Gibbs, Dizzy Gillespie, Louie Bellson, Chuck Mangione, Shelly Manne, Charles Mingus, Horace Silver, Gil Fuller, Gene Ammons Oliver Nelson, Kenny Burrell, Quincy Jones, Milt Jackson, Frank Capp and Joey DeFrancesco into the 1980s. Additionally he recorded with the vocalists Johnny Hartman, June Christy, Peggy Lee, Carmen McRae, Anita O'Day and Diane Schuur. In the 1990s Nimitz recorded with Stewart Liebig, Bill Perkins, Bud Shank and Gerald Wilson.
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Jackie Chan
Jackie Chan, SBS, MBE (born Chan Kong-sang, 陳港生; 7 April 1954) is a Hong Kong-born Chinesestuntman, actor, and director whose perilous acrobatic stunts and engaging physical humour made him an action-film star in Asia and helped to bring kung fu movies into the mainstream of American cinema. In his movies, he is known for his acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons, and innovative stunts. Jackie Chan has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 100 films.
Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars and the Hollywood Walk of Fame. As a cultural icon, Chan has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, and video games. An operatically trained vocalist, Chan is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred. In addition to acting, Chan pursued a career in the Hong Kong music industry, releasing a number of original albums beginning in 1984. He founded the Jackie Chan Charitable Organization in 1998, which, among other projects, offers scholarships to Hong Kong youths, and he worked as a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF.
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James LoMenzo
James "JLo" LoMenzo (born January 13, 1959 in Brooklyn, New York) is a metal bassist known for his roles as a former member of White Lion and Megadeth. He is also known for his work in Black Label Society .
In the late 1970s, he started in a band called "Empty Sky," a rock band with hints of jazz. The band was based out of Brooklyn and was one of the biggest up-and-coming young bands. James was the lead singer and bass guitarist. The band consisted of Robert Littera at lead guitar, Julie Pontecorvo on Trumpet, Marco Lagana on trombone, Frank Bonanno on tenor saxophone, Oscar Olivera on drums, Vincent Chirico on rhythm guitar and John Buccellato on electric piano. The band broke up as the members began to mature and take their separate career paths.
He played bass with Clockwork, his first original hard rock band in 1980 to 1983. He then went on to play in the band Rondinelli with Ray Gillen before joining White Lion in 1984.
He played bass with White Lion from 1984 to 1991, and later with Zakk Wylde's side-project Lynyrd Skynhead who evolved into Pride & Glory and released one 1994 album. Although he left the band during their 1994 tour, he returned to play on Zakk Wylde's 1996 solo album Book of Shadows. He had a brief stint in the recording studio with Ozzy Osbourne in 1994 but the sessions were not used, and Ozzmosis was re-recorded by different musicians the next year. In 1995, James, along with Pride & Glory drummer Brian Tichy joined Slash's Snakepit as touring musicians.He was a member of David Lee Roth's band in the late '90s and early '00s and performed on his album Diamond Dave.
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Jane Leeves
Jane Elizabeth Leeves (born 18 April 1961) is an English film, stage, and television actress, comedienne and dancer.
Leeves made her screen debut with a small role in the 1983 popular British comedy television show The Benny Hill Show. Leeves moved to the United States, where she performed in small roles until she secured a recurring part in the television sitcom Murphy Brown. In 1986-1988, Leeves garnered her first leading role in the short-lived sitcom Throb and, in 1993, achieved wider fame as Daphne Moon on the television sitcom Frasier for the entire run of the series, from 1993 until 2004, for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards and Golden Globe Awards during the show's run. She received further recognition for her performances in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), James and the Giant Peach (1996), Music of the Heart (1999) and The Event (2003).
More recently she has worked in television production, but beginning in June 2010, Leeves returned to acting, as Joy on TV Land's sitcom Hot in Cleveland.
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Jason Becker
Jason Eli Becker (born July 22, 1969) is an American neo-classical metal guitarist and composer. At the age of 16, he became part of the Mike Varney-produced duo Cacophony with his friend Marty Friedman. They released Speed Metal Symphony in 1987 and Go Off! in 1988. Cacophony broke up in 1989 and Becker began doing solo work, having released his first album Perpetual Burn in 1988. He later joined David Lee Roth's band and recorded one album with him. However, Becker's success was hampered by his then-diagnosed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) and he was given three to five years to live. In 1996, Becker eventually lost the ability to speak and now communicates with his eyes via a system developed by his father. Despite his disability, he continues composing by using a computer and has since released Collection, a "best of" album of his favorite songs and three new songs.
Becker was born and raised in the city, Richmond, California by his parents, Gary and Pat Becker. He was born on 23rd Street in Richmond Hospital in 1969. He graduated from Kennedy High School where he performed Yngwie Malmsteen's Black Star with his band at a talent show. [1] In high school, Becker met his friend Marty Friedman. He was exposed to the guitar at an early age because both his father and his uncle were guitar players. He absorbed all kinds of music from around the world, and melded different aspects of each style into his playing. He practiced to Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Eddie Van Halen, and many others. [2]
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Jay Migliori
Jay Migliori (November 14, 1930 - September 2, 2001) was an American saxophonist, best known as a founding member of Supersax, a tribute band to Charlie Parker.
Migliori started playing the saxophone after he received one as a birthday present at the age of twelve. He attended the a music school in St. Louis, and after serving in the Air Force, he went to the Berklee College of Music.
He made his first recording in 1955, and soon joined up with Woody Herman's band. After leaving the band, he would then move to Los Angeles, where he became a session musician playing on an estimated 4,000 commercial recordings. Some artists he recorded with include The Beach Boys, Frank Sinatra, Frank Zappa, Maynard Ferguson, and many more. He also played live with thousands of musicians including Charlie Parker and Miles Davis.
In 1972, he would become a member of Supersax, a nine-piece band (featuring five saxophones). He, along with Warne Marsh, played tenor sax in the band.
In 2001, he died of colon cancer.
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Jimmy DeGrasso
Jimmy DeGrasso (born March 16, 1963) is an American heavy metal drummer. He is currently the drummer for F5.
DeGrasso was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and graduated from Liberty High School in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1981.
DeGrasso has also performed with David Lee Roth, Lita Ford, Ozzy Osbourne, White Lion,Suicidal Tendencies, and Y&T. More recently, DeGrasso was a member of Megadeth, a multi-platinum heavy metal band.
He was Alice Cooper's drummer who played in Wayne's World (at the very end of the 'Hey Stoopid' tour), South America '95, Summer '96 and '97 tours along with filling in for his good friend Eric Singer in Summer '08. Prior to his work with Alice Cooper, he played with Talas (before they recorded), Suicidal Tendencies and White Lion.
DeGrasso joined the veteran metal band Y&T in 1986, replacing their original drummer Leonard Haze. He remained with the group into the '90s. He would go on to play on Dave Mustaine's (Megadeth vocalist/guitarist) side project band, MD.45 in 1995. Mustaine asked him to join Megadeth in 1998 as drummer and continue the band's Cryptic Writings Tour. He was asked to play with Megadeth five days before the next show. He walked around with a walkman all day to memorize the songs. DeGrasso recorded and toured behind Megadeth's Risk album in 1999–2000, The World Needs A Hero in 2000–2001 and was featured on Megadeth's first ever live CD and DVD release, Rude Awakening in 2002.
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Joe Holmes
Joe Holmes (born June 11, 1963) is a Heavy metal guitarist. Born in New Jersey, he took lessons from guitarist Randy Rhoads in 1979. Holmes formed the L.A based band called Terriff in 1983. Holmes left Terriff to join Lizzy Borden in 1987. He left Lizzy Borden in 1988 and reformed Terriff, staying with the latter group until 1990.
Holmes then joined David Lee Roth's band in 1990 replacing Jason Becker who was diagnosed with ALS while recording the album A Little Ain't Enough.
In 1995, after Ozzy Osbourne had finished recording the Ozzmosis album, a replacement for Zakk Wylde was needed for the tour. While working on his own band, "Tariff", Joe got a call from Dean Castronovo (Oz's drummer) to let him know they were seeking a guitar player. Joe went down to Audible studios in Los Angeles and played three Ozzy classics. Holmes auditioned. Holmes did not mention that he had taken lessons from Randy Rhoads (former guitarist for Osbourne) as he thought it would hurt his chances at the job. He succeeded though and got the part.
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Katy Perry
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Perry grew up with gospel music, and during her first year of high school she pursued a music career as Katy Hudson, releasing her first studio album called Katy Hudson which failed to chart. She recorded a solo album later, which was never released. After signing with Capitol Music Group in 2007, her fourth record label in seven years, she adopted the stage name Katy Perry.
She first gained recognition with the release of her first mainstream album, One of the Boys in 2008, which spawned three Billboard Hot 100 top-ten songs—"I Kissed A Girl", "Hot n Cold" and "Waking Up In Vegas". Perry supported the album with her Hello Katy Tour. In 2010, her third studio album, Teenage Dream (2010), which topped the Billboard 200 chart, and spawned five number one singles—"California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T." and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"—Teenage Dream was the only album (after Michael Jackson's Bad)—to do so, and the first female in history to achieve this milestone. She embarked on the California Dreams Tour, which grossed nearly $60 million worldwide. Perry re-released the album under the name of Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 26, 2012, and the re-release has already spawned the number-one single "Part of Me".
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Leon Russell
Claude Russell Bridges (born April 2, 1942), known professionally as Leon Russell, is an American musician and songwriter, who has recorded as a session musician, sideman, and maintained a solo career in music.
Born in Lawton, Oklahoma, he began playing piano at the age of four. Russell attended Will Rogers High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma. At this time he was already performing at Tulsa nightclubs. After moving to Los Angeles, he became a session musician, working as a pianist on the recordings of many notable musical artists since the 1960s. By the late 1960s, Russell diversified, becoming successful as an arranger and wrote/co-wrote songs. As a musician, he worked his way from gigs as a sideman to well known performers. By 1970 he had graduated to solo recording artist, although he never ended all his previous roles within the music industry.
Russell was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame on Monday, March 14, 2011, at a black-tie dinner at The Waldorf-Astoria hotel in Manhattan.
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Manny Roth
Manny Roth is a former influential New York City nightclub owner and entertainment entrepreneur. Manny Roth owned the famous New York establishment Cafe Wha?. In the early 1960s, Cafe Wha? provided a stage for amateur acts such as Bob Dylan and Bill Cosby. Manny Roth is an uncle to David Lee Roth who began his career in entertainment with the band Van Halen in 1974.
Some biographical information as well as some of Manny's stories are chronicled in Crazy From The Heat, an autobiographical book by David Lee Roth.
Manny Roth was David's first guest on "The David Lee Roth Show", a morning drive CBS Radio program which premiered January 3, 2006 (the show ended April 21, 2006). Manny guested during the 8:00am to 10:00am hours during the first day of the show and spoke much of his years in entertainment. Manny told first person accounts of meeting Jimi Hendrix, Richard Pryor (whom Manny affectionately called "Richie"), Bob Dylan, and Bill Cosby among others.
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Marco Mendoza
Marco Mendoza (born May 3, 1963) is an American rock musician, the bass guitarist with Thin Lizzy.
Mendoza started playing the guitar at an early age, adopting the bass guitar when he was invited to join a band that needed a player. He played in John Sykes' band Blue Murder, from 1991 until 1993. In 1994, he was recruited into a reformed lineup of Thin Lizzy, also featuring Sykes, with guitarist Scott Gorham, keyboard player Darren Wharton and drummer Brian Downey. After some preliminary one-off concerts, the band toured more consistently from 1996 until 2000, replacing the departing Downey with Tommy Aldridge and releasing the live album One Night Only.
From 2000 to 2003 Mendoza recorded and toured with Ted Nugent, and in 2004 he toured with Whitesnake, another band that once featured Sykes and Aldridge, and appeared on their DVD Live... In the Still of the Night. Also in 2004, Mendoza guested on keyboardist Derek Sherinian's solo album Mythology. However, he returned to Thin Lizzy in 2005, replacing Randy Gregg. He left the band in 2007, and subsequently toured with ex-Dokken guitarist George Lynch in his band Lynch Mob.
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Mark Weitz
Mark Weitz (born 1945) is an American musician. A former keyboard player for the 1960s psychedelic rock group Strawberry Alarm Clock, Weitz was the principal composing member of the band.
Weitz was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1945 and at 6 months old moved to California. He took up playing piano and organ at an early age and at age 20 joined a rock group called Thee Sixpence as one of the singers and the organist. Three or four years older than everyone else, he had more definite musical ideas than his bandmates, as well as a more mature and professional outlook on music, which served them well the next four years. He also found something of a kindred musical spirit in Ed King, the band's lead guitarist.
Weitz was an able composer, and for the group's 1967 single on the all American label he turned in two songs, "The Birdman of Alkatrash", written just by him, and "Incense and Peppermints", a collaboration with King. The latter, turned over to another composer by the record's producer, became a #1 national hit for the group, newly christened Strawberry Alarm Clock. For the next three years, Weitz rode a whirlwind of dizzying success and frustrating attempts at a follow-up, though he did prove the single wasn't a fluke and wasn't to the credit of the lyricist by creating a top 30 hit called "Tomorrow". Weitz played some memorable keyboard parts on their first three albums, and on S.A.C.'s album Good Morning Starshine he showed himself in collaboration with King to be an able first-time producer.
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Matt Bissonette
Matt Bissonette (born 1961) is an American bass player and the brother of drummer Gregg Bissonette. He attended the University of North Texas's jazz music program. According to Guitar 9, an online musicianship magazine, he has played bass and other stringed instruments on at least 22 albums, with music styles ranging from jazz, jazz fusion, progressive metal, and instrumental rock. The October 2002 edition of Bassinside, a bass musician's online magazine, reports that Matt has played in several different bands and has recorded with various artists. Such artists include Joe Satriani, David Lee Roth,Lita Ford, Daniel Glen Timms,Julian Lennon, Steve Perry, Brian Wilson, Don Henley, Ty Tabor (of King's X), Tom Andrews, and Peter Frampton. He also played bass on his brother Gregg's solo album.
In 2003 he and his brother Gregg backed Ringo Starr on a promotional tour of the United States.
In 2004 he played alongside Boz Scaggs on Boz Scaggs Greatest Hits Live CD and DVD.
The two brothers backed Starr again in 2005 at live shows at Irving Plaza in New York City in June 2005, at the Genesse Theatre in Waukegan, IL for the PBS show SoundStage, and the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles, CA, as well as on several TV appearances (CBS This Morning, etc.)
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Mike Love
Michael Edward "Mike" Love (born March 15, 1941) is an American singer/songwriter and musician with The Beach Boys. He was a founding member of the band along with his cousins Brian, Carl, and Dennis Wilson, and their friend Al Jardine, and continues to perform with the band to the present day. Love, along with the other founding members of the Beach Boys, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988.
As young children, Mike Love's mother, Emily Glee (née Wilson), and her brother, Murry Wilson, had moved with their parents to Los Angeles in 1922. Emily married Edwin Milton Love, and Mike was born in Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles, in 1941. Murry Wilson was a songwriter and musician with a few minor triumphs to his credit, including a song performed on the Lawrence Welk radio show in 1952. The Wilson family home in nearby Hawthorne was a musical one, and Mike often sang with the Wilson family at get-togethers at the Wilson home during his childhood.
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Murry Wilson
Murry Gage Wilson (July 2, 1917 – June 4, 1973) was an American musician and record producer, best remembered as the father of The Beach Boys members Brian Wilson, Dennis Wilson, and Carl Wilson, uncle of bandmate Mike Love, and the husband of Audree Wilson. Wilson was also the original manager of the band and served as their music publisher.
Wilson was born in Hutchinson, Kansas, the son of Edith Sophia (née Sthole) and William Coral Wilson. His family moved west to Los Angeles when he was five. The family was initially so impoverished that they camped in a tent on the beach when they arrived. He met his future wife, Audree Neva Korthof, while attending Washington High School; they were married March 26, 1938.
Wilson had a blue-collar background; as a young man, he worked at a Goodyear factory (where he lost an eye in an industrial accident), while unsuccessfully writing songs. His biggest success was with a dance song, "Two-Step Side-Step", which was featured by Lawrence Welk on his radio program in 1952 and covered on record by RCA Victor Western Swing artist Johnnie Lee Wills, as well as country music singer Bonnie Lou. He also wrote songs recorded in the early 1950s by doo-wop group The Hollywood Flames.
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Pete Angelus
Pete Angelus is an artist manager who has worked in the music business since 1975. During his career, he has worked with Van Halen, Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin, Slash, Hall & Oates and has been the only manager of The Black Crowes since they began touring in 1990.
He first made his name in the business when he designed and directed a light show for Van Halen in 1980 for their first world tour as a headline act, which at the time was the most elaborate music light show ever designed and implemented, requiring 7 tractor-trailers for the lights alone. In addition to light and stage design, Angelus forayed into art direction for the band, influencing Van Halen's logo, and early album covers, as well as designing much of the band's merchandise from 1979 to their breakup with Roth in 1985. Angelus became such a creative influence the members of the band, Eddie Van Halen, Alex Van Halen, David Lee Roth, and Michael Anthony referred to him as "the fifth member of Van Halen." Many of David Lee Roth's quips came from the tongue of Angelus (Note the opening of California Girls: "Thank Heaven for Little Girls, Maurice Chevalier, 1958" "And some of the other sizes, too Pete and Dave, 1985".) Roth, with whom Angelus had a falling out after managing his solo career for six years, failed to acknowledge Angelus' work and partnership in his memoir.
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Ray Luzier
Raymond Lee "Ray" Luzier (born June 14, 1970 in Pennsylvania) is an American drummer. He is currently the drummer of the band Korn, becoming a full-time member of the band in April 2009.
Ray Luzier was raised in West Newton, Pennsylvania, a small town an hour outside of Pittsburgh. He began to playing drums at age five, and although basically self-taught, he participated in high school jazz, concert, and marching bands. After graduating in 1988, Luzier moved to Hollywood, California to pursue an education at the renowned Musicians Institute. He graduated in 1989 with a degree from MI's Percussion Institute of Technology. Luzier later returned as an instructor at Musicians Institute (1992–2001), where he taught rock-style drumming classes and gave private lessons.
Luzier is well known for his work with David Lee Roth, who he played drums for from 1997-2005. Luzier has also played with The Hideous Sun Demons, a progressive-rock/fusion trio formed with DLR bandmembers Toshi Hiketa (guitar) and James LoMenzo (bass). In 2004, Luzier released an instructional DVD. It features a wide variety of lessons, including double-bass technique, drum fills, motion exercises, and warm-ups. It was released through Hal Leonard Publishing Co.
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Ricky Fataar
Ricky Fataar (born 5 September 1952) is a South African multi-instrumentalist of Malay descent, who has performed as both a drummer, and a guitarist. He gained fame as an actor in the comedic television movie, The Rutles: All You Need Is Cash, a spoof on the actual history of The Beatles, and for his performance as a member of The Beach Boys. Fataar may also be recognized for his contributions as a record producer, and has worked on projects scoring music to film and television.
Fataar's first childhood band was The Flames, a band from his birthplace of Durban, South Africa that began in 1963. He joined the band at the age of nine. The band made several recordings as well as touring all over Southern Africa and before long they became quite popular in South Africa. By the time he was twelve years old he had already won the honour of being voted as the "Best Rock Drummer in South Africa."[citation needed]
In 1968 the band moved to London and began touring in the United Kingdom. On one of their tours, they were spotted by a member of The Beach Boys, Carl Wilson. He was impressed by their talent and offered to sign them to the Beach Boys new record label, Brother Records. The band moved to Los Angeles, United States, and they recorded and released their 1970 album The Flame with Carl Wilson producing the album.
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Ricky Martin
Enrique "Ricky" Martín Morales (born December 24, 1971), better known as Ricky Martin, is a Puerto Rican pop singer and actor who achieved prominence, first as a member of the Puerto Rican boy band Menudo, then as a solo artist since 1991. Throughout his career, he has sold more than 60 million albums worldwide. He is the founder of the Ricky Martin Foundation (in Spanish Fundación Ricky Martin), a non-profit charity organization aimed at human trafficking.
Martin got his start at age twelve with the all-boy pop group Menudo; after five years with the group, he released his Spanish-language solo album, Ricky Martin, in 1991. He also acted on stage and on TV in Mexico, becoming a modest star in the country. In 1994 he starred on the American TV soap opera General Hospital, playing a Puerto Rican singer. In 1999, after several albums in Spanish, he released his first English-language album (also titled Ricky Martin), which included "Livin' la Vida Loca". The album sold 22 million copies and brought Martin international fame. His other studio albums include: Me Amarás (1993), A Medio Vivir (1995), Vuelve (1998), Sound Loaded (2000), Almas del Silencio (2003), Life (2005), and Música + Alma + Sexo (2011).
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Roger Moore
Sir Roger George Moore KBE (born 14 October 1927) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying British secret agent James Bond in the official film series between 1973 and 1985.
Moore was born in Stockwell, London. The only child of George Alfred Moore, a policeman, and Lillian "Lily" (née Pope), a housewife, he attended Battersea Grammar School, but was evacuated to Holsworthy, Devon during Second World War and was then educated at Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. He then attended the College of the Venerable Bede at the University of Durham but never graduated. At 18 years old, shortly after the end of the war, Moore was conscripted for national service. He was commissioned as an officer and eventually became a Captain. Moore served in the Royal Army Service Corps, commanding a small depot in West Germany. He later transferred to the entertainment branch (under luminaries such as Spike Milligan), and immediately prior to his national service, there was a brief stint at RADA (the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art), during which his fees were paid by film director Brian Desmond Hurst, who also used Moore as an extra in his film Trottie True. Moore was a classmate at RADA with his future Bond colleague Lois Maxwell, the original Miss Moneypenny. The young Moore first appeared in films during the mid to late-1940s, as an extra. Moore's film idol as a child was Stewart Granger. As a 17-year-old, Moore appeared as an extra in the film Caesar and Cleopatra (1945), finally meeting his idol on the set. Moore later worked with Granger in The Wild Geese.
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Steve Hunter
Stephen John Hunter, stage name Steve "The Deacon" Hunter, born June 14, 1948, in Decatur, Illinois, is an American guitarist best known for his collaborations with Lou Reed and Alice Cooper. He first played with Mitch Ryder's Detroit, beginning a long association with record producer Bob Ezrin. Hunter suffers from pigmentary glaucoma, which has rendered him legally blind.
In the 1970s, he appeared on five Alice Cooper albums, four of which were produced by Ezrin. In 1973, he was on the final two albums recorded by the Alice Cooper group, Billion Dollar Babies and Muscle of Love. When Alice Cooper became a solo artist, Hunter followed and appeared on the 1975 groundbreaking album and live show Welcome to My Nightmare alongside guitarist Dick Wagner, with whom Hunter had already formed a formidable guitar team, as can be heard on the Lou Reed live album Rock 'n' Roll Animal and further demonstrated on the film Welcome To My Nightmare, released on home video in 1976 featuring the celebrated guitar battle between Hunter and Wagner that formed part of the Alice Cooper 1975 live show. He and Wagner also played on Peter Gabriel's self-titled first solo album, which was likewise produced by Ezrin, in 1977. His first solo album, 1977's critically acclaimed Swept Away, was also produced by Ezrin.
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Steve Vai
Steven Siro Vai (born June 6, 1960) is an American guitarist, songwriter and producer who has sold over 15 million albums. After starting his career as a music transcriptionist for Frank Zappa, Vai recorded and toured in Zappa's band for two years, from 1980 to 1982. He began a solo career in 1983, has released eight solo albums and won three Grammy Awards. He has also recorded and toured with Public Image Ltd., Alcatrazz, David Lee Roth and Whitesnake. Vai has been a regular touring member of the G3 Concert Tour which began in 1996. In 1999 Vai started his own record label Favored Nations, intending to showcase as he describes, "...artists that have attained the highest performance level on their chosen instruments."
Vai began playing guitar in 1973, at the age of 13. In 1974, he took guitar lessons from guitarist Joe Satriani and played in local bands, one of which was called "The Steve Vais". He was influenced by guitarists including Jimi Hendrix, Jeff Beck, Brian May, Jimmy Page, Glen Buxton, and jazz fusion guitarist Allan Holdsworth. Vai attended the Berklee College of Music, afterwards recording a promotional piece for them in which he spoke about auditioning for Frank Zappa at age 20.
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Ted Templeman
Ted Templeman (born October 24, 1944, in Santa Cruz, California) is an American record producer.
He began his career in the mid 1960s in the Santa Cruz area as a drummer in a band called The Tikis. At the suggestion of Lenny Waronker, the group decided to change their name. Harpers Bizarre was born in 1966, with Templeman switching to guitar and vocals. In 1967 the group released the album, Feelin' Groovy (Warner Bros.), which included some material by Randy Newman that later appeared on the songwriter's 1972 album Sail Away. Harpers Bizarre disbanded in 1970.
That same year, Templeman recorded what is now considered a cult classic. Using doubletracking, he appeared as "The Templeton Twins" backed by "Teddy Turner & his Bunsen Burners," recording contemporary hits of the time such as "Hey Jude" and "Light My Fire" in a pseudo-1920s style.
Much of his work has been done collaborating with recording engineer Donn Landee at Sunset Sound in Hollywood, California. In 1970 Templeman (at the suggestion of Waronker) began working as a producer for Warner Bros. Records. That year he produced the unheralded eponymous The Doobie Brothers debut album, followed the next year by the Doobies' Toulouse Street album which achieved platinum record status on the strength of the hit single "Listen to the Music". Templeman continued a long professional relationship with The Doobie Brothers, producing many more hit singles and albums for the group.
wn.com/Ted_Templeman -
The Barron Knights
The Barron Knights is a British humorous pop group, originally formed in 1959 in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire as The Knights of the Round Table.
Although the Barron Knights undoubtedly had their own style and produced regular 'beat group' recordings in their own right, it was their production of humorous parodies that brought them the greatest success. In fact, their catalogue of recordings – although impressive – does not reflect their success as stage entertainers. By adapting their act to each new wave of emerging performers they were able to survive longer than their more conventional contemporaries, and even today can still be regularly found in cabaret or performing a seaside summer season.
They started out as a straight pop group, and spent a couple of years touring and playing in English dance halls before making their way to Hamburg, Germany. Bill Wyman, later of the Rolling Stones, has written that the Barron Knights were the first group he saw with an electric bass, at a performance in Aylesbury in July 1961, inspiring him to take up the instrument. In 1963, at the invitation of Brian Epstein, they were one of the support acts on The Beatles' Christmas shows at the Finsbury Park Astoria in London, and later became one of the few acts to tour with both The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.
wn.com/The_Barron_Knights -
The Beach Boys
The Beach Boys are an American rock band, formed in 1961 in Hawthorne, California. The group was initially composed of brothers Brian, Dennis and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and friend Al Jardine. They were managed early on by the Wilsons' father, Murry. The band's leader, composer, arranger and producer Brian Wilson was responsible for writing most of the band's early singles and albums. After signing with Capitol Records in mid-1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits including "Surfin' Safari", "Surfin' USA", "Surfer Girl", "Little Deuce Coupe", "Be True to Your School", "In My Room", "Fun, Fun, Fun", "I Get Around", "Dance Dance Dance", "Help Me Rhonda" and "California Girls". These songs and their accompanying albums were internationally popular, making The Beach Boys one of the biggest acts of their time. The band's early music gained popularity across the United States for its close vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting a Southern California youth culture of surfing, cars, and romance. By the mid-1960s, Brian's growing creative ambition and songwriting ability would dominate the group's musical direction. The primarily Brian-composed Pet Sounds album and "Good Vibrations" single (both released in 1966) featured a complex, intricate and multi-layered sound.
wn.com/The_Beach_Boys -
Todd Jensen
Todd Jensen is a bassist who has played for various artists, including the bands Sequel, Hardline, and Harlow, as well as David Lee Roth, Ozzy Osbourne, Steve Perry, Alice Cooper, and Paul Rodgers.
Todd Jensen played with Ozzy Osbourne only very briefly, and was replaced by bassist Geezer Butler. Officially, Geezer Butler is credited for all the bass on Ozzmosis, though there have been claims that several uncredited musicians also played on the album, possibly including Todd Jensen. Todd was on tour with Van Halen in 2012 as David Lee Roth's personal tour manager.
wn.com/Todd_Jensen -
Tyga
Michael Ray Nguyen-Stevenson (born November 19, 1989), better known by his stage name Tyga (an acronym for Thank You God Always), is an American rapper signed to Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Universal Republic Records. He is of Vietnamese and Jamaican descent. He first received recognition with his debut single "Coconut Juice", featuring his cousin Travie McCoy.
No Introduction was the first independent album by American rapper Tyga. It was released on June 10, 2008, on Decaydance Records. One of the songs from this album, "Diamond Life", was used in the video game Need for Speed: Undercover, and on Madden 2009, as well as in the 2009 movie Fighting.
Tyga released many mixtapes. He created Fan of a Fan with Chris Brown and producers DJ Ill Will and DJ Rockstar. It features other artists such as Bow Wow, Lil Wayne, and Kevin McCall featured in several tracks. Four tracks ("Holla at Me", "G Shit", "No Bullshit" and "Deuces") are also accompanied by a music video. The track "Deuces" was released as the debut single of the mixtape and, as of August 26, 2010, has reached number fourteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The track has also been nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 53rd Grammy Awards. The track, among others, was on the tracklist of Chris Brown's fourth studio album, F.A.M.E.. Tyga also told MTV in an interview that the production of the mixtape took just short of a week.
wn.com/Tyga
- Beach Boys
- Magnetic Fields
- Oingo Boingo
- Brian Wilson
- David Hasselhoff
- David Lee Roth
- Gretchen Wilson
- The Beach Boys
karaoke
Do do do do do do do do do
Cashmere hills filled with evergreens
Flowin' from the clouds down to meet the sea
With the granite cliff
(Big Sur mount)
As a referee
Crimson sunsets and golden dawns
A mother deer with their newborn fawns
All under Big Sur skies
(Big Sur mount)
That's where I belong.
Big Sur I've got plans for you
Me and mine are going to
Add ourselves to your lengthy list of lovers
(Big Sur mount)
And live in canyons covered in springtime green
Wild birds and flowers to be heard and seen
And with my old guitar
I'll make up songs to sing.
Where bubbling springs from the mountainside
Join the Big Sur river to the oceanside
Where the kids can look for sea shells at low tide
Big Sur my astrology it says that I am made to be
Where the rugged mountain meets the water
And so while stars shine brightly from up above
The fog rolls in through a redwood grove
And to my dying fire I think I'll add a log.
From time to time I must go away
The thoughts of Big Sur won't let me stay
Away from Big Sur
Oh Big Sur
See them on their big bright screen
tan and blonde and seventeen
Eating nonfood keeps them mean
but they're young forever
If they must grow up
they marry dukes and earls
I hate California girls
They ain't broke, so they put on airs,
the faux folks sans derrieres
They breathe coke and have affairs
with each passing rock star
They come on like squares
then get off like squirrels
I hate California girls
Looking down their perfect noses
at me and my kind
do they think we won't
well, never mind
Laughing through their perfect teeth
at everyone I know
do they think we wont
Get up an go?
I have planned my grand attacks
I will stand behind their backs
with my brand-new battle ax
Then they will they taste my wrath
They will hear me say
as the pavement whirls
Now Pluto girls are neat but you know they'll
Eat you up alive
Although they're nice to know when it's a thousand below
It isn't easy to survive
And Neptune girls are great for dancing
With a dozen arms and legs
They really hold you tight and they can boogie all night
But it's so hard to kiss three heads
[Chorus]
I wish they all could be California girls
I wish they all could be California girls
Now Martian girls are really pretty
With complexions bright and green
But nothing can surpass an andromeda lass
I think their pointed heads are keen
And Saturn girls are really funny they can
Make you laugh to death
With methane clouds alas combined with hydrogen gas
Why it's a chore to take a breath
[Chorus]
I wish they all could be California girls
I wish they all could be California girls
[guitar solo]
[Chorus]
I wish they all could be California girls
I wish they all could be California girls (etc. etc.)
[Chours II] - girls- girls- girls- girls -I need
Girls -girls- girls- girls - I need... (etc. etc.)
[Chorus III]- Calif--ornia Calif--ornia Calif-- ornia
Well East coast girls are hip
I really dig those styles they wear
And the Southern girls with the way they talk
They knock me out when I'm down there
The Mid-West farmer's daughters really make you feel alright
And the Northern girls with the way they kiss
They keep their boyfriends warm at night
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California girls
The West coast has the sunshine
And the girls all get so tanned
I dig a french bikini on Hawaii island
Dolls by a palm tree in the sand
I been all around this great big world
And I seen all kinds of girls
Yeah, but I couldn't wait to get back in the states
Back to the cutest girls in the world
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California girls
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
Well, east coast girls are hip
I really dig those styles they wear
And the southern girls with the way they talk
They knock me out when I?m there
The Midwest farmer?s daughters
Really make you feel alright
And the northern girls were the way they kiss
And keep boyfriends warm at night
I wish they all could be Californian
I wish they all could be Californian
I wish they all could be Californian girls
The west coast has the sunshine
And the girls all get so tanned
I dig a frizz bikini of the wild alloy coast
By a palm tree in the sand
I?ve been all around this big, big world
And I?ve seen all kind of girls
Yeah, but I couldn?t wait to get back in the states
Back to the cutest girls in the world
I wish they all could be Californian
I wish they all could be Californian
I wish they all could be Californian girls
I wish they all could be Californian girls
Originally recorded by The Beach Boys
Well East coast girls are hip
I really dig those styles they wear
And the Southern girls with the way they talk
they knock me out when I'm down there
The Mid-West farmer's daughters really
make you feel alright
And the Northern girls with the way they kiss
they keep their boyfriends warm at night
(I wish they all could be California)
(I wish they all could be California)
I wish they all could be California girls
The West coast has the sunshine
and the girls all get so tanned
I dig a french bikini on Hawaii island
dolls by a palm tree in the sand
I been all around this great big world
and I seen all kinds of girls
Yeah but I couldn't wait to get back in the states
Back to the cutest girls in the world
I dig them girls
(I wish they all could be California)
Wooh
(I wish they all could be California)
I wish they all could be California girls
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
I ain't never had a problem with California
There's a lot of good women, Sacramento to Corona
But them Hollywood types after a while wear on you
Struttin' around in their size zeros
Skinny little girls, no meat on their bones
Never even heard of George Jones
Ain't you glad we ain't all California girls?
Ain't you glad there's still a few of us left
That know how to rock your world?
Ain't afraid to eat fried chicken and dirty dance to Merle
Ain't you glad we ain't all California girls?
There ain't nothing wrong with plastic surgery
Well, Dolly Parton never looked so good to me
Everybody ought to be exactly who they want to be
But that Paris Hilton gets under my skin
With her big fake smile and her painted on tan
She'll never have a chance at a real man
Ain't you glad we ain't all California girls?
Ain't you glad there's still a few of us left
That know how to rock your world?
Ain't afraid to eat fried chicken and dirty dance to Merle
Ain't you glad we ain't all California girls?
Ain't you glad we ain't all California girls?
Ain't you glad there's still a few of us left
That know how to rock your world?
Ain't afraid to eat fried chicken and dirty dance to Merle
Ain't you glad we ain't all California girls?
Well East coast girls are hip
I really dig those styles they wear
And the Southern girls with the way they talk
They knock me out when I'm down there
The Mid-West farmer's daughters really make you feel alright
And the Northern girls with the way they kiss
They keep their boyfriends warm at night
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California girls
The West coast has the sunshine
And the girls all get so tanned
I dig a french bikini on Hawaii island
Dolls by a palm tree in the sand
I been all around this great big world
And I seen all kinds of girls
Yeah, but I couldn't wait to get back in the states
Back to the cutest girls in the world
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California
I wish they all could be California girls
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
I wish they all could be California
(Girls, girls, girls yeah I dig the)
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Ustavil bi čas
- Ledena ptica
- (Še) 1000 kilometrov
- Reci, da si nora name
- Stara barka
- Srečna družina (Happy family)
- Moje hrepenenje
- Kraljica poročnega potovanja
- Travica
- 1000 kilometrov
- Vodnjak ljubezni
- Ne pozabi me (unplugged)
- Lopovi
- Moj dan
- Brezdomci
- Nisem avtomat
- Doktor
- Ni več razloga
- Moje sonce
- Svetniki
- Pot domov
- Zgodaj prepozno
- Veliki ideali
- Goloba
- Kdo smrdi
- Kid From California
- Rollin
- Higher Than This
- Is Everybody Happy
- Lost Highway
- Helpless
- Which Side of the Sun
- Back Then
- Harmony
- Precious
- Drifting
- Rocker Arm Reel
- A Walk in the Irish Rain
- Scissors, Paper & Stone
- My Sweet Blue-Eyed Darlin'
- Spurs
- A Farmer's Son
- California Traveler
- I'll Dry Every Tear That Falls
- Whiplash
- Sasquatch
- Uncle Pen
- Band of Angels
Send this Playlist by SMS
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Katy Perry - California Gurls ft. Snoop Dogg
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Pre-VEVO play count: 60798408 Get the single on iTunes: bit.ly Buy the complete 'Teenage Dream' album on iTunes: bit.ly Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls. Capitol Records, LLC Director: Mathew Cullen Producers: Bernard Rahill, Patrick Nugent, Javier Jimenez, Danny Lockwood
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_California_Gurls_ft_Snoop_Dogg
Pre-VEVO play count: 60798408 Get the single on iTunes: bit.ly Buy the complete 'Teenage Dream' album on iTunes: bit.ly Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls. Capitol Records, LLC Director: Mathew Cullen Producers: Bernard Rahill, Patrick Nugent, Javier Jimenez, Danny Lockwood
The Beach Boys - California Girls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
The Beach Boys - California Girls (1965)
http://wn.com/The_Beach_Boys_California_Girls
Katy Perry - California Gurls ft. Snoop (Lyric Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Hear the new single "California Gurls" ft. Snoop Dogg from the upcoming new album available August 2010. Available on iTunes now - click here to buy - bit.ly
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_California_Gurls_ft_Snoop_Lyric_Video
Hear the new single "California Gurls" ft. Snoop Dogg from the upcoming new album available August 2010. Available on iTunes now - click here to buy - bit.ly
- published: 07 May 2010
- views: 31749509
- author: KatyPerryMusic
David Lee Roth - California Girls (Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Music video of "California Girls" of of DLR's 1985 EP "Crazy From the Heat".
http://wn.com/David_Lee_Roth_California_Girls_Music_Video
Music video of "California Girls" of of DLR's 1985 EP "Crazy From the Heat".
- published: 16 May 2006
- views: 1648182
- author: jonboy122
BEACH BOYS California Girls 1965
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:22
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Jack Benny and Bob Hope get Hip with the Beach Boys
http://wn.com/BEACH_BOYS_California_Girls_1965
Jack Benny and Bob Hope get Hip with the Beach Boys
- published: 10 Apr 2011
- views: 1223972
- author: SURFSTYLEY4
Katy Perry "California Gurls" Parody - California Boys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
GET THE T-SHIRT - bit.ly BECOME A FACEBOOK FAN - www.facebook.com FOLLOW ME ON TWITTER - www.twitter.com 2nd CHANNEL - www.youtube.com Facebook Me - on.fb.me Official OLD MAN parody of Katy Perry's hit single "California Gurls." BECOME A FACEBOOK FAN www.facebook.com Get the BartBaker Facebook App! apps.facebook.com FRIEND US ON FACEBOOK! Austin Smith - www.facebook.com Bart Baker -www.facebook.com Beat was remade from scratch in Logic Express! If you haven't seen the original check it out here www.youtube.com and buy it on iTunes!
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_California_Gurls_Parody_California_Boys
GET THE T-SHIRT - bit.ly BECOME A FACEBOOK FAN - www.facebook.com FOLLOW ME ON TWITTER - www.twitter.com 2nd CHANNEL - www.youtube.com Facebook Me - on.fb.me Official OLD MAN parody of Katy Perry's hit single "California Gurls." BECOME A FACEBOOK FAN www.facebook.com Get the BartBaker Facebook App! apps.facebook.com FRIEND US ON FACEBOOK! Austin Smith - www.facebook.com Bart Baker -www.facebook.com Beat was remade from scratch in Logic Express! If you haven't seen the original check it out here www.youtube.com and buy it on iTunes!
- published: 03 Jul 2010
- views: 31054466
- author: BartBaKer
Katy Perry California Gurls Parody! Key of Awesome #22
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Katy Perry California Gurls PARODY! Key of Awesome #22! Watch Behind the Scenes HERE! www.youtube.com Subscribe! www.youtube.com Watch the Comments Video HERE! www.youtube.com -- Download LaDiDa on iTunes: bit.ly LaDiDa's YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com Katy's voice = Sarah Gregory (youtube.com/autotunethenews) Snoops Voice = Mark Douglas (facebook.com/thekeyofawesome) Directed by Tom Small SNOOP [Spoken] Greetings beotches. Take off your pants. KATY I know a place where the girls are always meaner If you ain't rich, they're goin' nowhere near your wiener Sippin' Starbucks venti skinny mocha chai tea with foam Drivin' Escalades while they're texting and re-tweeting on i-phones KATY You can try to approach us, but we're all the same we don't care what your name is We'll look at you for a second, but that's just to make sure that you're not famous California girls we're unreliable Never worked a day in our lives Hybrid Dogs in bags we leave em' in the car DOG OWOWOWOWOW California girls we're so predictable Hottest bodies money can buy Spray tanned silicone boobs are indestuctable Boing Boing Boing Boing Boing SNOOP Sign your name on the dotted line Don't need brains if that ass is fine Once you cross the LA Border You develop an eating disorder Sell your soul, dance on the pole Bang Charlie Sheen just for a role Nose jobs, tummy tucks These are the girls I like to... hang out with Inflate your lips. Loose the hips See through shirts show off your nips Paparazzi is ...
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_California_Gurls_Parody!_Key_of_Awesome_22
Katy Perry California Gurls PARODY! Key of Awesome #22! Watch Behind the Scenes HERE! www.youtube.com Subscribe! www.youtube.com Watch the Comments Video HERE! www.youtube.com -- Download LaDiDa on iTunes: bit.ly LaDiDa's YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com Katy's voice = Sarah Gregory (youtube.com/autotunethenews) Snoops Voice = Mark Douglas (facebook.com/thekeyofawesome) Directed by Tom Small SNOOP [Spoken] Greetings beotches. Take off your pants. KATY I know a place where the girls are always meaner If you ain't rich, they're goin' nowhere near your wiener Sippin' Starbucks venti skinny mocha chai tea with foam Drivin' Escalades while they're texting and re-tweeting on i-phones KATY You can try to approach us, but we're all the same we don't care what your name is We'll look at you for a second, but that's just to make sure that you're not famous California girls we're unreliable Never worked a day in our lives Hybrid Dogs in bags we leave em' in the car DOG OWOWOWOWOW California girls we're so predictable Hottest bodies money can buy Spray tanned silicone boobs are indestuctable Boing Boing Boing Boing Boing SNOOP Sign your name on the dotted line Don't need brains if that ass is fine Once you cross the LA Border You develop an eating disorder Sell your soul, dance on the pole Bang Charlie Sheen just for a role Nose jobs, tummy tucks These are the girls I like to... hang out with Inflate your lips. Loose the hips See through shirts show off your nips Paparazzi is ...
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 41607553
- author: barelypolitical
California Girls- Katy Perry ft. Snoop Dog lyrics [ONSCREEN]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
california girls :) hope u like it THANKS FOR THE VIEWS EVERYONE :D check out Katy Perry's official music video of CALIFORNIA GIRLS katyperrymusic (sorry if i didnt have the correct lyrics)
http://wn.com/California_Girls_Katy_Perry_ft_Snoop_Dog_lyrics_ONSCREEN_
california girls :) hope u like it THANKS FOR THE VIEWS EVERYONE :D check out Katy Perry's official music video of CALIFORNIA GIRLS katyperrymusic (sorry if i didnt have the correct lyrics)
- published: 07 Jun 2010
- views: 6758474
- author: TwasianGirls
Ryan James Yezak Presents California Gays
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Ryan James Yezak presents "California Gays", a gay music video interpretation to Katy Perry "California Gurls" featuring Snoop Dogg. So hot we'll melt your popsicle! Produced, directed, & edited by Ryan James Yezak. Ryan James Yezak's: Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: tinyurl.com Vlog: youtube.com Collab: youtube.com Joe Lauer's: Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: bit.ly YouTube: youtube.com David Rae's: Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Adam Nelsen's Twitter: twitter.com Guy Branam's Twitter: twitter.com Download the video: www.mediafire.com Download the song: www.mediafire.com For the "LA/NY Don't Love U" shirts seen in the video: www.kiddangerous.com For all press inquiries, please email: ryanyezak@gmail.com
http://wn.com/Ryan_James_Yezak_Presents_California_Gays
Ryan James Yezak presents "California Gays", a gay music video interpretation to Katy Perry "California Gurls" featuring Snoop Dogg. So hot we'll melt your popsicle! Produced, directed, & edited by Ryan James Yezak. Ryan James Yezak's: Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: tinyurl.com Vlog: youtube.com Collab: youtube.com Joe Lauer's: Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: bit.ly YouTube: youtube.com David Rae's: Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Adam Nelsen's Twitter: twitter.com Guy Branam's Twitter: twitter.com Download the video: www.mediafire.com Download the song: www.mediafire.com For the "LA/NY Don't Love U" shirts seen in the video: www.kiddangerous.com For all press inquiries, please email: ryanyezak@gmail.com
- published: 01 Jul 2010
- views: 9377188
- author: RyanJamesYezak
California Girls by the Beach Boys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
California Girls by the Beach Boys in the late sixties. A bit of an sudden ending, unfortunately this is where the clip ends.
http://wn.com/California_Girls_by_the_Beach_Boys
California Girls by the Beach Boys in the late sixties. A bit of an sudden ending, unfortunately this is where the clip ends.
- published: 10 Aug 2009
- views: 192086
- author: lollersaurus
David Lee Roth-California girls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/David_Lee_Roth-California_girls
The Making of "California Gurls" (5 Minute Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Pre-VEVO play count: 2883 Get the single on iTunes: bit.ly Buy the complete 'Teenage Dream' album on iTunes: bit.ly Music video by Katy Perry performing The Making of "California Gurls". (P) (C) 2010 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records, LLC, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028.
http://wn.com/The_Making_of_California_Gurls_5_Minute_Version
Pre-VEVO play count: 2883 Get the single on iTunes: bit.ly Buy the complete 'Teenage Dream' album on iTunes: bit.ly Music video by Katy Perry performing The Making of "California Gurls". (P) (C) 2010 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records, LLC, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028.
- published: 09 Jul 2010
- views: 4406217
- author: emimusic
Katy Perry ft. Snoop Dogg - California Girls Lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Jennifer Nicole Lees Sexy Body Diet www.JenniferSexyBodyDiet.tk [Snoop Dogg] Greetings loved ones Let's take a journey [Katy Perry] I know a place Where the grass is really greener Warm, wet and wild There must be something in the water Sippin' gin and juice Laying underneath the palm trees (Undone) The boys break their necks Tryin' to creep a little sneak peek (At us) You could travel the world But nothing comes close to the Golden Coast Once you party with us You'll be falling in love (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're unforgettable Daisy dukes, bikinis on top Sun-kissed skin, so hot, we'll melt your popsicle (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're undeniable Fine, fresh, fierce, we got it on lock West Coast represent, now put your hands up (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) Sex on a beach We don't mind sand in out stilettos We freak, in my jeep Snoop Doggy Dogg is on the stereo You could travel the world But nothing comes close to the Golden Coast Once you party with us You'll be falling in love (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're unforgettable Daisy dukes, bikinis on top Sun-kissed skin, so hot, we'll melt your popsicle (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're undeniable Fine, fresh, fierce, we got it on lock West Coast represent, now put your hands up (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) [Snoop Dogg raps] Tone tanned, fit and ready, turn it up 'cause it's getting ...
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_ft_Snoop_Dogg_California_Girls_Lyrics
Jennifer Nicole Lees Sexy Body Diet www.JenniferSexyBodyDiet.tk [Snoop Dogg] Greetings loved ones Let's take a journey [Katy Perry] I know a place Where the grass is really greener Warm, wet and wild There must be something in the water Sippin' gin and juice Laying underneath the palm trees (Undone) The boys break their necks Tryin' to creep a little sneak peek (At us) You could travel the world But nothing comes close to the Golden Coast Once you party with us You'll be falling in love (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're unforgettable Daisy dukes, bikinis on top Sun-kissed skin, so hot, we'll melt your popsicle (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're undeniable Fine, fresh, fierce, we got it on lock West Coast represent, now put your hands up (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) Sex on a beach We don't mind sand in out stilettos We freak, in my jeep Snoop Doggy Dogg is on the stereo You could travel the world But nothing comes close to the Golden Coast Once you party with us You'll be falling in love (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're unforgettable Daisy dukes, bikinis on top Sun-kissed skin, so hot, we'll melt your popsicle (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) California gurls, we're undeniable Fine, fresh, fierce, we got it on lock West Coast represent, now put your hands up (Oh-oh, oh-oh, oh) (Oh, oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh) [Snoop Dogg raps] Tone tanned, fit and ready, turn it up 'cause it's getting ...
- published: 23 Jan 2011
- views: 2520817
- author: TheLyricsCool
Kate Perry - California Girls (HD) Official FULL* Music Video - NEW SONG* -
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
I just love this video, and this song, so I hope you guys like it too.
http://wn.com/Kate_Perry_California_Girls_HD_Official_FULL*_Music_Video_NEW_SONG*_-
I just love this video, and this song, so I hope you guys like it too.
- published: 25 Jun 2010
- views: 613599
- author: CleoSertoriiii
Katy Perry - California Gurls (feat. Snoop Dogg) (Lyric...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Katy Perry - California Gurls (feat. Snoop Dogg) (Lyric Video) CAPITOL (P) (C) 2010 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records, LLC, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028.
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_California_Gurls_feat_Snoop_Dogg_Lyric
Katy Perry - California Gurls (feat. Snoop Dogg) (Lyric Video) CAPITOL (P) (C) 2010 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records, LLC, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028.
- published: 13 May 2010
- views: 9448945
- author: emimusic
David Lee Roth-California Girls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
David Lee Roth California Girls from the album Crazy from the heat
http://wn.com/David_Lee_Roth-California_Girls
David Lee Roth California Girls from the album Crazy from the heat
- published: 05 Sep 2010
- views: 72321
- author: jldacz
Katy Perry Snoop Dogg Video Clip- California Girls ( Official Music Video ) HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
bit.ly more video clip to download extra tag youtube Katy Perry Snoop Dogg Video Clip- California Girls ( Official Music Video ) HD KatyPerryVevo Vevo Katy Perry Pop Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls Girls 2010 sexy Katy Perry Pop Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls Girls 2010 sexy Katy Perry Pop Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls Girls 2010 sexy Katty Perry in everywhere facebook and youtube very famous bit.ly more video clip to download
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_Snoop_Dogg_Video_Clip_California_Girls_Official_Music_Video_HD
bit.ly more video clip to download extra tag youtube Katy Perry Snoop Dogg Video Clip- California Girls ( Official Music Video ) HD KatyPerryVevo Vevo Katy Perry Pop Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls Girls 2010 sexy Katy Perry Pop Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls Girls 2010 sexy Katy Perry Pop Music video by Katy Perry performing California Gurls Girls 2010 sexy Katty Perry in everywhere facebook and youtube very famous bit.ly more video clip to download
- published: 12 Jul 2010
- views: 1685644
- author: makemoney0709
Katy Perry - California Girls (feat. Snoop Dogg)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Voici le clip officiel de Katy Perry et Snoop Dogg, California Girls, regardez !
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_California_Girls_feat_Snoop_Dogg
Voici le clip officiel de Katy Perry et Snoop Dogg, California Girls, regardez !
- published: 11 Aug 2010
- views: 493431
- author: gerbillenayan
Katy Perry - California Gurls ft. Snoop Dogg
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:48
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Katy Perry - California Gurls ft. Snoop Dogg
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_California_Gurls_ft_Snoop_Dogg
The Blonde Salad goes to Hollywood: California Girls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
My 10 days in Los Angeles in December 2012. More on theblondesalad.com
http://wn.com/The_Blonde_Salad_goes_to_Hollywood_California_Girls
My 10 days in Los Angeles in December 2012. More on theblondesalad.com
- published: 26 Dec 2012
- views: 35449
- author: TheBlondeSalad
"California Gurls and Tik Tok," by Katy Perry and Ke$ha - Mashup by CIMORELLI!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Our EP reached #6 on the US iTunes pop charts!!! Thank you guys so much!!! :D Purchase HERE: itunes.apple.com FOLLOW Cimorelli on twitter and facebook! twitter.com facebook.com Hope you enjoy our mashup of California Gurls and Tik Tok :) CONTACT US: twitter.com cimorellimusic....
http://wn.com/California_Gurls_and_Tik_Tok,_by_Katy_Perry_and_Keha_Mashup_by_CIMORELLI!
Our EP reached #6 on the US iTunes pop charts!!! Thank you guys so much!!! :D Purchase HERE: itunes.apple.com FOLLOW Cimorelli on twitter and facebook! twitter.com facebook.com Hope you enjoy our mashup of California Gurls and Tik Tok :) CONTACT US: twitter.com cimorellimusic....
- published: 03 Jul 2010
- views: 4659306
- author: cimorellitheband
Katy Perry ft. Snoop Dogg - California Girls Official Musik Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Katy Perry ft. Snoop Dogg - California Girls Official Musik Video
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_ft_Snoop_Dogg_California_Girls_Official_Musik_Video
Katy Perry ft. Snoop Dogg - California Girls Official Musik Video
- published: 17 Jun 2010
- views: 524687
- author: assw211
Filipino Foods (California Gurls Parody)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
LIKE my facebook page! www.facebook.com Download the track here for FREE!! donangelomusic.bandcamp.com So my friend and I were bored one day and we decided to record something.. I wanted to cover/ remix the Katy Perry song "California Gurls".. this song & video is the result of that boredom. enjoy :) Filipino Foods (California Gurls Parody) by Don Angelo ft Cristian Garcia. LYRICS: I know a place where the foods is always better Warm, wet and wild. Ajinomoto in the water. Sippin' coconut juice or drinking Coke from a plastic bag (uh huh) When mama cooks, everybody tries to grab it (uh huh) You could travel the world. But nothing comes close to chicken adobo. If you party with us You'll be eating alot (whoa ah oh ah oh ah oh) CHORUS Filipino foods its unforgetable Fresh lumpia and lechon baboy Sinigang so hot Careful dont touch the bowl (ow oh ow oh ow oh..) Filipino foods it's undeniable Fried fresh fish, camatis on top Now who wants some more? Put your hands up! (ako ako ako..) Eating pancit on the beach Swimming gives me an appetite (mm gutom na ako, sige na!) We ride the jeepney (sakay na.. sakay!) Sing Katy Perry on the magic mic (I kissed a girl and i like it) You could travel the world But nothing comes close to eating halo halo If you party with us you'll be eating alot (whoa uh oh uh oh uh oh) CHORUS (Cristian) Oh man, sh*t im ready Cook some rice 'cause im really hungry Wow wow, lets toast. These are the foods I love the most Buko pandan and leche flan on my halo ...
http://wn.com/Filipino_Foods_California_Gurls_Parody
LIKE my facebook page! www.facebook.com Download the track here for FREE!! donangelomusic.bandcamp.com So my friend and I were bored one day and we decided to record something.. I wanted to cover/ remix the Katy Perry song "California Gurls".. this song & video is the result of that boredom. enjoy :) Filipino Foods (California Gurls Parody) by Don Angelo ft Cristian Garcia. LYRICS: I know a place where the foods is always better Warm, wet and wild. Ajinomoto in the water. Sippin' coconut juice or drinking Coke from a plastic bag (uh huh) When mama cooks, everybody tries to grab it (uh huh) You could travel the world. But nothing comes close to chicken adobo. If you party with us You'll be eating alot (whoa ah oh ah oh ah oh) CHORUS Filipino foods its unforgetable Fresh lumpia and lechon baboy Sinigang so hot Careful dont touch the bowl (ow oh ow oh ow oh..) Filipino foods it's undeniable Fried fresh fish, camatis on top Now who wants some more? Put your hands up! (ako ako ako..) Eating pancit on the beach Swimming gives me an appetite (mm gutom na ako, sige na!) We ride the jeepney (sakay na.. sakay!) Sing Katy Perry on the magic mic (I kissed a girl and i like it) You could travel the world But nothing comes close to eating halo halo If you party with us you'll be eating alot (whoa uh oh uh oh uh oh) CHORUS (Cristian) Oh man, sh*t im ready Cook some rice 'cause im really hungry Wow wow, lets toast. These are the foods I love the most Buko pandan and leche flan on my halo ...
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 1068697
- author: Don Angelo
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
Huffington Post
22 Dec 2012
The energetic child "loved school" and "was creative, loved craft projects and art class, and loved participating in as many sports and activities as her mom Shannon could get her to…nothing was off limits for the little girl," her family wrote in a statement ... The 6-year-old's parents had moved to Connecticut from San Diego a couple of years ago, according to CBS, and they still called their daughter their "California Girl."...(size: 29.3Kb)
Sacramento Bee
20 Dec 2012
The curly-headed little girl known as Avie Richman loved a lot of things. Horses. Harry Potter. The color red. She tried archery after watching the Disney movie "Brave." ... "They still call Avielle their California girl," Melissa C ... © Copyright The Sacramento Bee....(size: 1.2Kb)
The Guardian
20 Dec 2012
Every day, the little girl would beg her to let her wear the outfit early ... "This girl was definitely going places," her uncle said ... Charlotte also loved being a girl scout, and her mother was her troop leader. "There were 10 girls in the group," Hagen said ... "I love you sweetie girl." ... "They still call Avielle their California girl," Melissa Stewart, a family friend, told the San Diego Union-Tribune....(size: 21.7Kb)
Newsday
20 Dec 2012
"This little girl could light up the room for anyone." ... A Daisy Girl Scout, she enjoyed musical theater ... Dan Merton, a longtime friend of the girl's family, recalled that she loved attention, had perfect manners and was a teacher's pet ... "I love you sweetie girl." ... "She's just a girl that was always smiling, always wanting others to smile." ... "They still call Avielle their California girl," Melissa C....(size: 33.8Kb)
Seattle Post
20 Dec 2012
"This little girl could light up the room for anyone." ... A Daisy Girl Scout, she enjoyed musical theater ... Dan Merton, a longtime friend of the girl's family, recalled that she loved attention, had perfect manners and was a teacher's pet ... "I love you sweetie girl." ... "She's just a girl that was always smiling, always wanting others to smile." ... "They still call Avielle their California girl," Melissa C....(size: 27.0Kb)
Fox News
20 Dec 2012
"This little girl could light up the room for anyone." ... A Daisy Girl Scout, she enjoyed musical theater ... Dan Merton, a longtime friend of the girl's family, recalled that she loved attention, had perfect manners and was a teacher's pet ... "I love you sweetie girl." ... "She's just a girl that was always smiling, always wanting others to smile." ... "They still call Avielle their California girl," Melissa C....(size: 32.7Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
19 Dec 2012
Suspect in disappearance of Calif. girl released. 17 minutes ago. Capitol Alert. Jerry Brown names former adviser, news exec to CSU board. 37 minutes ago. Ex-Sacramento mayor's aide arrested for theft. 2 hours ago ... California picks retiree to head prisons system ... Deals! ... — A man arrested along with his father in the 1997 disappearance of a 15-year-old Northern California girl has been released from jail ... ....(size: 13.0Kb)
The Verge
19 Dec 2012
Katy Perry ... As senior VP of product Deep Nishar puts it. ... Exactly what influence the "California Girls" star had on LinkedIn's simple new interface is unclear ... ....(size: 1.1Kb)
Sacramento Bee
19 Dec 2012
Signon San Diego
18 Dec 2012
Avielle Richman ... Avielle was born in San Diego on October 17, 2006 to scientists Jeremy Richman and Jennifer Hensel ... “They still call Avielle their California girl,” said Stewart, a religion professor who will lead Avielle’s private memorial service in Connecticut Tuesday. “When they first moved here, it was hard to keep shoes on Avielle because she was so used to running barefoot on the beach in San Diego.” ... Comments () ... Services ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
17 Dec 2012
A little good news in the nation's battle against obesity is worth acknowledging, but it's too soon to celebrate -- and let's hold the cake. America still has a lot of weight to lose. Two-thirds of adults in the country are overweight or obese, and children have not been immune ... Declines also were reported in Mississippi and California ... 10 of a California girl who weighed 186 pounds by the time she was 9 years old ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)
The Examiner
17 Dec 2012
Rating for Cocnert. 5 ... Opening the show was the ultimate cover band Chevy Metal led by Foo Fighters drummer Taylor Hawkins ... Their set began with the classic Beach Boys tune “California Girls,” followed by "Christmas Day." ... With countless hits such as I’m A Believer, 25 or 6 To 4, Love Song, Signs, Hotel California, and Life In The Fast Lane, back to back to back, what else could have topped this night off… The Doobie Brothers! ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
For the song by Katy Perry, see California Gurls.
| "California Girls" | ||||||||||||
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| File:Beach boys california girls.PNG | ||||||||||||
| Single by The Beach Boys | ||||||||||||
| from the album Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) | ||||||||||||
| B-side | "Let Him Run Wild" | |||||||||||
| Released | July 12, 1965 | |||||||||||
| Format | 7" vinyl | |||||||||||
| Recorded | track: April 6, 1965 at Western Studios vocals: June 4, 1965 at Columbia Records Studio |
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| Genre | Pop rock[1] | |||||||||||
| Length | 2:38 | |||||||||||
| Label | Capitol | |||||||||||
| Writer(s) | Brian Wilson, Mike Love | |||||||||||
| Producer | Brian Wilson | |||||||||||
| The Beach Boys singles chronology | ||||||||||||
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"California Girls" is a song by American rock band The Beach Boys, featured on their ninth studio album Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) (1965). Written by band-members Brian Wilson (who conceived the song during an LSD trip) and Mike Love, the song features contrasting verse-chorus form. Upon its release as a single, "California Girls" reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100.
It is one of The Beach Boys' most famous songs and has been included on countless greatest hits compilations. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included the song in its of the "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it 71st on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[2] David Lee Roth covered the song in 1985, also peaking at #3 on the Billboard charts.
Contents |
Recording[link]
The music for the song came from Brian Wilson's first LSD experience.[3] In the Beautiful Dreamer documentary, Wilson said that shortly after taking LSD, he ran up to a bedroom and hid under a pillow, shouting "I'm afraid of my mom, I'm afraid of my dad." Some time later he left the room and went to a piano. He started playing in the bass the B-F#-G# pattern over and over, and then added in the right hand after a few minutes a B chord, moving to an A chord. Within a half hour, he had come up with the "well east-coast girls are hip, I really dig the styles they wear" part of the song. The next day, he and Mike Love supposedly finished off the remainder of the song.
"California Girls" was the first Beach Boys recording to feature vocals from Bruce Johnston, who had joined the group to substitute for Brian Wilson on concert tours.
Cultural impact[link]
In addition to reaching #3 in the US, other countries where the song was highly popular include Canada (#2 in RPMs national chart), Rhodesia (also #2), and Sweden (#6). It peaked at #8 in Australia, and in South Africa it made one of the Beach Boys' best-ever international showings, staying six weeks at No. 1. Radio plays of the song in the United States alone are said to total between four and five million to date, thus making it the Beach Boys' biggest royalty earner.[citation needed]
The song has been prominently referenced by other artists on more than one occasion. Most notably, the Beatles' "Back in the U.S.S.R." is considered an homage to the song. Strawberry Alarm Clock, which toured with the Beach Boys in 1966–67, segues into the intro and first line of the song at the end of their song, "Small Package," on their fourth and final album, Good Morning Starshine (1969). This fadeout was keyboardist Mark Weitz's idea.[4]
Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 1965 album Chipmunks à Go-Go.
A 1980s series of adverts for the former airline British Caledonian were another notable homage to the song, twisting the lines about California to become "I wish they all could all be Caledonian", in reference to the airline's flight attendants.
On her 2005 album, All Jacked Up, Gretchen Wilson (no relation to the Wilson brothers) performs a song composed with John Rich entitled "California Girls". Her song, an original composition rather than a cover of the Beach Boys original, is instead a country-styled retort to Beach Boys song, featuring a chorus that asks, "ain't you glad we ain't all California girls?".
In Brian Wilson's 1998 concert Live at the Roxy he referred to "California Girls" as the theme song of The Beach Boys. Ricky Martin sang a cover version on An All-Star Tribute to Brian Wilson.
The song has been also heard in the pre-title sequence of the James Bond movie (starring Roger Moore), A View to a Kill in 1985, when Bond skis to escape from enemies in Siberia (although the scenes were filmed in Iceland). This version was performed by Gidea Park, led by Adrian Baker.
This song can be heard at the beginning of Rush Hour 2 where main characters Lee (played by Jackie Chan) and Carter (played by Chris Tucker) sing along to the song as it plays on the radio. In Rush Hour 3, Lee uses it as his ringtone when Carter calls him at the beginning, and later on in the movie a French performer sings the song on the street where Carter is eating dinner.
Principal Belding from Saved by the Bell tells Zack Morris that it is his all time favorite song and walks off screen, humming the song.
The song was sampled by rapper Tyga in his demo song titled "California Girls".
In 2004 the song was covered for a Cotton commercial featuring mannequins.
The song was parodied by The Barron Knights.
The song was a very strong inspiration for Katy Perry's hit 2010 song "California Gurls". Katy's song sparked controversy[citation needed] about its use of the lyric "I wish they all could be California girls", this lyric was used as the chorus for The Beach Boys' song, but was also featured in Katy Perry's version towards the end of the song.
Musicians[link]
- Hal Blaine – drums
- Frank Capp – vibraphone
- Roy Caton – trumpet
- Jerry Cole – 12-string guitar
- Al de Lory – organ
- Steve Douglas – tenor saxophone
- Al Jardine – vocals
- Bruce Johnston – vocals
- Carol Kaye – bass guitar
- Mike Love – lead vocals
- Jay Migliori – baritone saxophone
- Jack Nimitz – bass saxophone
- Lyle Ritz – upright bass
- Howard Roberts – guitar
- Leon Russell – piano
- Billy Strange – tambourine
- Brian Wilson – vocals
- Carl Wilson – vocals
- Dennis Wilson – vocals
David Lee Roth cover[link]
| "California Girls" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:California Girls David.jpg | ||||
| Single by David Lee Roth | ||||
| from the album Crazy from the Heat | ||||
| Released | 1985 | |||
| Format | CD single | |||
| Recorded | 1984 | |||
| Genre | Rock | |||
| Length | 2:50 | |||
| Label | Warner Bros. | |||
| Producer | Ted Templeman | |||
| David Lee Roth singles chronology | ||||
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"California Girls" was covered by David Lee Roth on his 1985 EP Crazy from the Heat (with background vocals contributed by Beach Boy Carl Wilson along with Christopher Cross), and like the original it topped at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Music video[link]
The iconic music video for the cover, directed by Pete Angelus and Roth, was released in February 1985.[5] Roth stars as a tour guide, showing tourists the beach and swimsuit models. One of these tourists is played by Jane Leeves, who went on to play Frasier's Daphne Moon. The scenes follow the lyrics with bikini-clad women from all regions of the United States. An often imitated scene has Roth dancing down a sidewalk bordered by models frozen in mannequin poses. It was nominated for several 1985 MTV Video Music Awards. In an interview with Howard Stern, Roth explained that he edited the video while wearing thick skiing goggles which greatly impaired his vision. Each time the editor would increase the red saturation, Roth would tell him to turn it higher, until finally proclaiming, "Now THAT'S red!" The video was parodied in the video for The Dresden Dolls' "Shores of California".
References[link]
- ^ David R. Pichaske, "The poetry of rock: the golden years", (Ellis Press, 1981)
- ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6595916/california_girls/1. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
- ^ Boucher, Geoff (August 12, 2007). "‘California Girls’ The Beach Boys". Los Angeles Times. pp. F-4. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/12/entertainment/ca-socalsong12. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
- ^ Richie Unterberger. Good Morning Starshine liner notes, Santa Monica: Collector's Choice Music, 2005.
- ^ www.mvdbase.com
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http://wn.com/California_Girls
Related pages:
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Girls
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see California (disambiguation).
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California (pronounced i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state,[10] and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland).[11] The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.[12]
The name California once referred to a large area of North America claimed by Spain that included much of modern-day Southwestern United States and the Baja California peninsula. Beginning in the late 18th century, the area known as Alta California, comprising the California territory north of the Baja Peninsula, was colonized by the Spanish Empire as part of New Spain. In 1821, Alta California became a part of Mexico following its successful war for independence. Shortly after the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, a group of American settlers in Sonoma declared an independent California Republic in Alta California. Though its existence was short-lived, its flag became the precursor for California's current state flag. American victory in the war led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in which Mexico ceded Alta California to the United States. Western areas of Alta California became the state of California, which was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850.
The California Gold Rush beginning in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic change, with large scale immigration from the U.S. and abroad and an accompanying economic boom. Key developments in the early 20th century included the emergence of Los Angeles as the center of the American entertainment industry, and the growth of a large, state-wide tourism sector. The late 20th century saw the development of the technology and information sectors, punctuated by the growth of Silicon Valley. California's prosperous agricultural industry also emerged; at least half of the fresh fruit produced in the United States are now cultivated in California, and the state also leads in the production of vegetables.[13] Other important contributors to its economy include aerospace, education, and manufacturing. If California were a country, it would be the eighth-largest economy in the world[14] and the 34th most populous nation.
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Etymology[link]
Main article: Origin of the name California
The word California originally referred to the entire region composed of the Baja California peninsula of Mexico, the current U.S. states of California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
The name California is most commonly believed to have derived from a fictional paradise peopled by Black Amazons and ruled by Queen Calafia.[15][16] The story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo.[17][18][19] The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a remote land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts, and rich in gold.
Know ye that at the right hand of the Indies there is an island called California, very close to that part of the Terrestrial Paradise, which was inhabited by black women without a single man among them, and they lived in the manner of Amazons. They were robust of body with strong passionate hearts and great virtue. The island itself is one of the wildest in the world on account of the bold and craggy rocks.
— Chapter CLVII of The Adventures of Esplandián[20]
The name California is the fifth oldest surviving European place-name in the US and was applied to what is now the southern tip of Baja California peninsula as the Island of California by a Spanish expedition led by Diego de Becerra and Fortún Ximénez, who landed there in 1533 at the behest of Hernán Cortés.[note 1]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of California
California adjoins the Pacific Ocean to the west, Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With an area of 160,000 square miles (414,000 km2), it is the third-largest state in the United States in size, after Alaska and Texas.[22] If it were a country, California would be the 59th-largest in the world in area.
In the middle of the state lies the California Central Valley, bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. The Central Valley is California's agricultural heartland and grows approximately one-third of the nation's food.[23][24]
Divided in two by the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, the northern portion, the Sacramento Valley serves as the watershed of the Sacramento River, while the southern portion, the San Joaquin Valley is the watershed for the San Joaquin River; both areas derive their names from the rivers that transit them. With dredging, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers have remained sufficiently deep that several inland cities are seaports.
The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta serves as a critical water supply hub for the state. Water is routed through an extensive network of canals and pumps out of the delta, that traverse nearly the length of the state, including the Central Valley Project and the State Water Project. Water from the Delta provides drinking water for nearly 23 million people, almost two-thirds of the state's population, and provides water to farmers on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. The Channel Islands are located off the southern coast.
The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy range") includes the highest peak in the contiguous forty-eight states, Mount Whitney, at 14,505 ft (4421 m).[4][5][6] The range embraces Yosemite Valley, famous for its glacially carved domes, and Sequoia National Park, home to the giant sequoia trees, the largest living organisms on Earth, and the deep freshwater lake, Lake Tahoe, the largest lake in the state by volume.
To the east of the Sierra Nevada are Owens Valley and Mono Lake, an essential migratory bird habitat. In the western part of the state is Clear Lake, the largest freshwater lake by area entirely in California. Though Lake Tahoe is larger, it is divided by the California/Nevada border. The Sierra Nevada falls to Arctic temperatures in winter and has several dozen small glaciers, including Palisade Glacier, the southernmost glacier in the United States.
About 45 percent of the state's total surface area is covered by forests,[25] and California's diversity of pine species is unmatched by any other state. California contains more forestland than any other state except Alaska. Many of the trees in the California White Mountains are the oldest in the world; one Bristlecone pine has an age of 4,700 years.
In the south is a large inland salt lake, the Salton Sea. The south-central desert is called the Mojave; to the northeast of the Mojave lies Death Valley, which contains the lowest and hottest place in North America, the Badwater Basin at −282 feet (−86.0 m).[8] The horizontal distance from the nadir of Death Valley to the summit of Mount Whitney is less than 90 miles (140 km). Indeed, almost all of southeastern California is arid, hot desert, with routine extreme high temperatures during the summer. The southeastern border of California with Arizona is entirely formed by the Colorado River, from which the southern part of the state gets about half of its water.
Along the California coast are several major metropolitan areas, including Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the San Diego metropolitan area.
As part of the Ring of Fire, California is subject to tsunamis, floods, droughts, Santa Ana winds, wildfires, landslides on steep terrain, and has several volcanoes. It sees numerous earthquakes due to several faults, in particular the San Andreas Fault.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of California
California's climate varies from Mediterranean to subarctic.
Much of the state has a Mediterranean climate, with cool, rainy winters and dry summers. The cool California Current offshore often creates summer fog near the coast. Farther inland, one encounters colder winters and hotter summers.
Northern parts of the state average higher annual rainfall than the south. California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well: some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Northwestern California has a temperate climate, and the Central Valley has a Mediterranean climate but with greater temperature extremes than the coast. The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, have a mountain climate with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer.
The east side of California's mountains produce a rain shadow, creating expansive deserts. The higher elevation deserts of eastern California see hot summers and cold winters, while the low deserts east of the southern California mountains experience hot summers and nearly frostless mild winters. Death Valley, a desert with large expanses below sea level, is considered the hottest location in North America; the highest temperature in the Western Hemisphere, 134 °F (57 °C), was recorded there on July 10, 1913. The lowest temperature in California was −45 °F in 1937 in Boca.
Ecology[link]
Main article: Ecology of California
California is one of the richest and most diverse parts of the world, and includes some of the most endangered ecological communities. California is part of the Nearctic ecozone and spans a number of terrestrial ecoregions.[26]
California's large number of endemic species includes relict species, which have died out elsewhere, such as the Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus). Many other endemics originated through differentiation or adaptive radiation, whereby multiple species develop from a common ancestor to take advantage of diverse ecological conditions such as the California lilac (Ceanothus). Many California endemics have become endangered, as urbanization, logging, overgrazing, and the introduction of exotic species have encroached on their habitat.
Flora and fauna[link]
California boasts several superlatives in its collection of flora: the largest trees, the tallest trees, and the oldest trees. California's native grasses are perennial plants.[27] After European contact, these were generally replaced by invasive species of European annual grasses; and, in modern times, California's hills turn a characteristic golden-brown in summer.[28]
Because California has the greatest diversity of climate and terrain, the state has six life zones which are the lower Sonoran (desert); upper Sonoran (foothill regions and some coastal lands), transition (coastal areas and moist northeastern counties); and the Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic Zones, comprising the state's highest elevations.[29]
Plant life in the dry climate of the lower Sonoran zone contains a diversity of native cactus, mesquite, and paloverde. The Joshua tree is found in the Mojave Desert. Flowering plants include the dwarf desert poppy and a variety of asters. Fremont cottonwood and valley oak thrive in the Central Valley. The upper Sonoran zone includes the chaparral belt, characterized by forests of small shrubs, stunted trees, and herbaceous plants. Nemophila, mint, phacelia, viola, and the California poppy (Eschscholtzia californica) – the state flower – also flourish in this zone, along with the lupine, more species of which occur here than anywhere else in the world.[29]
The transition zone includes most of California's forests with the redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and the "big tree" or giant sequoia (Sequoia gigantea), among the oldest living things on earth (some are said to have lived at least 4,000 years). Tanbark oak, California laurel, Sugar Pine, madrona, broad-leaved maple, and Douglas-fir also grow here. Forest floors are covered with swordfern, alumnroot, barrenwort, and trillium, and there are tickets of huckleberry, azalea, elder, and wild currant. Characteristic wild flowers include varieties of mariposa, tulip, and tiger and leopard lilies.[30]
The high elevations of the Canadian zone allow the Jeffrey Pine, red fir, and Lodgepole Pine to thrive. Brushy areas are abundant with dwarf manzanita and ceanothus; the unique Sierra puffball is also found here. Right below the timeberline, in the Hudsonian zone, the whitebark, foxtail, and silver pines grow. At about 10,500 ft (3,200 m), begins the Arctic zone, a treeless region whose flora include a number of wildflowers, including Sierra primrose, yellow columbine, alpine buttercup, and alpine shooting star.[29][31]
Common plants that have been introduced to the state include the eucalyptus, acacia, pepper tree, geranium, and Scotch broom. The species that are federally classified as endangered are the Contra Costa wallflower, Antioch Dunes evening primrose, Solano Grass, San Clemente Island larkspur, salt marsh bird's beak, McDonald's rock-cress, and Santa Barbara Island Liveforever. As of December 1997[update], 85 plant species were listed as threatened or endangered.[29]
In the deserts of the lower Sonoran zone, the mammals include the jackrabbit, kangaroo rat, squirrel, and opossum. Common birds include the owl, roadrunner, Cactus Wren, and various species of hawk. The area's reptilian life include the sidewinder viper, desert tortoise, and horned toad. The upper Sonoran zone boasts mammals such as the antelope, brown-footed woodrat, and Ring-tailed Cat. Birds unique to this zone are the California thrasher, bushtit, and California Condor.[29][32][33][34]
In the transition zone, there are Colombian Black-tailed Deer, black bears, gray foxes, cougars, bobcats, and Roosevelt elk. Reptiles such as the garter snakes and rattlesnakes inhabit the zone. In addition, amphibians such as the water puppy and redwood salamander are common too. Birds such as the kingfisher, chickadee, towhee, and hummingbird thrive here as well.[29][35]
The Canadian zone mammals include the Mountain Weasel, Snowshoe Hare, and several species of chipmunks. Conspicuous birds include the blue-fronted jay, Sierra chickadee. Sierra hermit thrush, water ouzel, and Townsend's solitaire. As one ascends into the Hudsonian zone, birds become scarcer. While the Sierra rosy finch is the only bird native to the high Arctic region, other bird species such as the hummingbird and Clark's Nutcracker. Principal mammals found in this region include the Sierra coney, White-tailed Jackrabbit, and the Bighorn Sheep. As of April 2003[update], the Bighorn Sheep was listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The fauna found throughout several zones are the mule deer, coyote, mountain lion, Northern Flicker, and several species of hawk and sparrow.[29]
Aquatic life in California thrives, from the state's mountain lakes and streams to the rocky Pacific coastline. Numerous trout species are found, among them rainbow, golden, and Tahoe. Migratory species of salmon are common as well. Deep-sea life forms include sea bass, yellowfin tuna, barracuda, and several types of whale. Native to the cliffs of northern California are seals, sea lions, and many types of shorebirds, including migratory species.[29]
As of April 2003, 118 California animals were on the federal endangered list; 181 plants were listed as endangered or threatened. Endangered animals include the San Joaquin kitfox, Point Arena mountain beaver, Pacific pocket mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse, Morro Bay kangaroo rat (and five other species of kangaroo rat), Amargosa vole, California Least Tern, California Condor, Loggerhead Shrike, San Clemente sage sparrow, San Francisco garter snake, five species of salamander, three species of chub, and two species of pupfish. Eleven butterflies are also endangered and two that are threatened are on the federal list. Among threatened animals are the coastal California Gnatcatcher, Paiute cutthroat trout, southern sea otter, and Northern Spotted Owl. California has a total of 290,821 acres (1,176.91 km2) of National Wildlife Refuges.[29] As of September 2010[update], 123 California animals were listed as either endangered or threatened on the federal list provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.[36] Also, as of the same year[update], 178 species of California plants were listed either as endangered or threatened on this federal list.[36]
Rivers[link]
Main article: List of rivers of California
The state's coasts, rivers, and other bodies of water are looked after by the California Coastal Commission.
The two most prominent rivers within California are the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River, which drain the Central Valley and the west slope of the Sierra Nevada and flow to the Pacific Ocean through San Francisco Bay. Several major tributaries feed into the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, including the Pit River, the Tuolumne River, and the Feather River.
The Owens River takes runoff from the southeastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and flows into Owens Lake. The Eel River and Salinas River each drain portions of the California coast, north and south of San Francisco Bay, respectively. The Mojave River is the primary watercourse in the Mojave Desert, and the Santa Ana River drains much of the Transverse Ranges as it bisects Southern California.
Some other important rivers are the Klamath River and the Trinity River in the far north coast, and the Colorado River on the southeast border with Arizona.
Regions[link]
for more, see List of regions of California and List of places in California.
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Mount Whitney (l), the highest point in the Contiguous U.S., is less than 90 miles (140 km) away from Badwater Basin in Death Valley (r), the lowest point in North America
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History[link]
| History of California | |
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 This article is part of a series |
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| Timeline | |
| To 1899 | |
| Gold Rush (1848) | |
| US Civil War (1861-1865) | |
| Since 1900 | |
| Topics | |
| Maritime · Railroad · | |
| Highways · Slavery | |
| Cities | |
| Los Angeles · San Franicsco · | |
| San Diego · San Jose · | |
| Sacramento | |
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California Portal |
Main article: History of California
Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America; The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups.
The first European to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was the Portuguese Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565.[37] Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain.
Beginning in the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the U.S. and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts surrounding California. In this period, Imperial Russia explored the California coast and established a trading post at Fort Ross.
Spanish missionaries began setting up 21 California Missions along the coast of what became known as Alta California (Upper California), together with small towns and presidios. In 1821 the Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California) independence from Spain; for the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote northern province of the nation of Mexico. Cattle ranches, or ranchos, emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. After Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government and were secularized by 1832. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Spanish-speaking Californians) who had received land grants, and traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants.
In 1846 settlers rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterwards, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's first and only president was William B. Ide,[38] who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt.
The California Republic was short lived; the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). When Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay and began the military occupation of California by the United States, Northern California capitulated in less than a month to the U.S. forces. After a series of defensive battles in Southern California, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing American control in California. Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war, the region was divided between Mexico and the U.S.; the western territory of Alta California, was to become the U.S. state of California, and Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah became U.S. Territories, while the lower region of California, the Baja Peninsula, remained in the possession of Mexico.
In 1848 the non-native population of California was estimated to be no more than 15,000. After gold was discovered, the population burgeoned with U.S. citizens, Europeans and other immigrants during the great California Gold Rush. By 1854 over 300,000 settlers had come.[39] On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted to the United States undivided as a free state, denying the expansion of slavery to the Pacific Coast.
However, California's native population precipitously declined due to murder, starvation, and infections. Like in other states, the native inhabitants were forcefully removed from their lands by incoming miners, ranchers, and farmers. And despite the fact that California entered the union as a free state, the Native population was enslaved under the 1853 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.[40] There were several massacres, including the Yontoket Massacre, the Bloody Island Massacre at Clear Lake, and the Old Shasta Massacre, in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed. Between 1850 and 1860, California paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government)[41] to hire militias whose purpose was to protect settlers from the indigenous populations. In subsequent decades, the native population was placed in reservations and rancherias, which were often very small and isolated and lacked adequate natural resources or funding from the government to sustain the populations living on them.[40] As a result, the rise of California brought great hardship for the native inhabitants. Several scholars, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo, have described the actions of the California government as a genocide.[42]
The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule was located at Monterey from 1777 until 1835, when Mexican authorities abandoned[dubious – discuss] California, leaving their missions and military forts behind.[43] In 1849 the Constitutional Convention was first held there. Among the duties was the task of determining the location for the new state capital. The first legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854[44] with only a short break in 1861 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento.
Initially, travel between California and the rest of the continental U.S. was time consuming and dangerous. A more direct connection came in 1869 with the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad through Donner Pass in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Once completed, hundreds of thousands of U.S. citizens came west, where new Californians were discovering that land in the state, if irrigated during the dry summer months, was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere.
Migration to California accelerated during the early-20th century with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to become the most populous state in the Union. In order to meet the population's needs, major engineering feats like the California and Los Angeles Aqueducts; the Oroville and Shasta Dams; and the Bay and Golden Gate Bridges were built across the state. The state government also adopted the California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1960 to develop a highly efficient system of public education.
Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's wide variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1920s. A couple of decades later, Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in California instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region in the area now known as Silicon Valley.[45] As a result of these efforts, California is currently regarded as a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology and engineering businesses, and as the U.S. center of agricultural production.
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of California
Population[link]
| Historical populations | |||
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| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 92,597 |
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| 1860 | 379,994 | 310.4% | |
| 1870 | 560,247 | 47.4% | |
| 1880 | 864,694 | 54.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,213,398 | 40.3% | |
| 1900 | 1,485,053 | 22.4% | |
| 1910 | 2,377,549 | 60.1% | |
| 1920 | 3,426,861 | 44.1% | |
| 1930 | 5,677,251 | 65.7% | |
| 1940 | 6,907,387 | 21.7% | |
| 1950 | 10,586,223 | 53.3% | |
| 1960 | 15,717,204 | 48.5% | |
| 1970 | 19,953,134 | 27.0% | |
| 1980 | 23,667,902 | 18.6% | |
| 1990 | 29,760,021 | 25.7% | |
| 2000 | 33,871,648 | 13.8% | |
| 2010 | 37,253,956 | 10.0% | |
| Sources: 1790–1990, 2000, 2010[46][47] Chart does not include Indigenous population figures. Studies indicate that the Native American population in California in 1850 was close to 150,000 before declining to 15,000 by 1900.[40][48] |
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The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of California was 37,691,912 on July 1, 2011, a 1.2% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[3] Between 2000 and 2009, there was a natural increase of 3,090,016 (5,058,440 births minus 2,179,958 deaths).[49] During this time period, international migration produced a net increase of 1,816,633 people while domestic migration produced a net decrease of 1,509,708, resulting in a net in-migration of 306,925 people.[49] The State of California's own statistics show a population of 38,292,687 for January 1, 2009.[11]
California is the second-most-populous sub-national entity in the Western Hemisphere and the Americas, with a population second to that of State of São Paulo, Brazil.[50] California's population is greater than that of all but 34 countries of the world.[51][52] Also, Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous U.S. county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 U.S. states.[53][54] In addition, California is home to eight of the 50 most populous cities in the United States: Los Angeles (2nd), San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), San Francisco (13th), Fresno (34th), Sacramento (35th), Long Beach (36th), and Oakland (47th). The center of population of California is located in the town of Buttonwillow, Kern County.[note 2]
In 2010, illegal aliens constituted an estimated 7.3 percent of the population, the third highest percentage of any state in the country,[56][57] totaling nearly 2.6 million.[58] More than half originate from Mexico.[58]
Starting in the year 2010, for the first time since the California Gold Rush, California-born residents make up the majority of the state's population.[59]
Racial and ancestral makeup[link]
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This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help improve the article by updating it. There may be additional information on the talk page. (October 2011) |
According to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:
- 57.6% White (40.1% Non-Hispanic White)
- 13.0% Asian (3.2% Chinese, 3.2% Filipino, 1.6% Vietnamese, 1.4% Indian, 1.2% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.2% Hmong, 0.2% Cambodian, 0.2% Laotian, 0.1% Thai, 0.1% Pakistani)
- 6.2% Black or African American
- 1.0% Native American
- 4.9% Multiracial (1.3% White and "Some Other Race", 1.2% White and Asian, 0.6% White and Native American, 0.5% White and Black, 1.3% Other)
- 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Guamanian or Chamorro, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, 0.2% "Other Pacific Islander")
- 37.6% are Hispanic or Latino (of any race) (30.7% Mexican, 1.5% Salvadoran, 0.9% Guatemalan, 0.5% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Nicaraguan, 0.2% Honduran, 0.2% Cuban, 0.2% Colombian, 0.2% Peruvian)
The principal ancestries of California's residents in 2009 has been surveyed to be:[60]
With regard to demographics, California has the largest population of White Americans in the U.S., an estimated 22,189,514 residents, although most demographic surveys do not measure actual genetic ancestry. The state has the fifth-largest population of African Americans in the U.S., an estimated 2,250,630 residents. California's Asian American population is estimated at 4.4 million, approximately one-third of the nation's 13.1 million Asian Americans. California's Native American population of 285,162 is the most of any state.[61]
According to estimates from 2008, California has the largest minority population in the United States by numbers, making up 57% of the state population.[47] In 2000, Hispanics comprised 32% of the population; that number grew to 37% in 2008.[62] Non-Hispanic whites decreased from 80% of the state's population in 1970 to 42% in 2008.[47][63]
Approximately 26% of California's public school students in the 2011–12 school year identified themselves as white (non-Hispanic), and 52.1% of the state's students identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino. The following ethnic groups that made up the statewide public school student body were Asians (11.1%), African Americans (6.5%), Native Americans (0.7%), and Pacific Islanders (0.6%). Students of mixed race made up 2.1% of the public schools. Hispanics made up the majority of the state's public schools since 2010. Los Angeles Unified School District, the largest school district in California and second largest in the nation, is 73.4% Hispanic, 9.5% African American, 9.0% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 6.2% Asian, 0.5% Native American, and 0.4% Pacific Islander.[64][65] While the population of minorities accounts for 102 million of 301 million U.S. residents, 20% of the national total live in California.[61][66]
Languages[link]
As of 2005, 57.6% of California residents age five and older spoke English as a first language at home, while 28.2% spoke Spanish. In addition to English and Spanish, 2.0% spoke Filipino, 1.6% spoke Chinese (which included Cantonese [0.6%] and Mandarin [0.4%]), 1.4% spoke Vietnamese, and 1.1% spoke Korean as their mother tongue. In total, 42.4% of the population spoke languages other than English.[67][68] California was historically one of the most linguistically diverse areas in the world, and is home to more than 70 indigenous languages derived from 64 root languages in 6 language families.[69][70] About half of the indigenous languages are no longer spoken, and all of California's living indigenous languages are endangered. There are some efforts toward language revitalization, such as for the Karuk language.
The official language of California has been English since the passage of Proposition 63 in 1986.[71] However, many state, city, and local government agencies still continue to print official public documents in numerous languages.[72] For example, the California Department of Motor Vehicles offers the written exam for the standard C Class driver's license in 31 languages along with English, and the audio exam in 11 languages.[73]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of California
The culture of California is a Western culture and most clearly has its modern roots in the culture of the United States, but also, historically, many Hispanic influences. As a border and coastal state, Californian culture has been greatly influenced by several large immigrant populations, especially those from Latin America.[74]
California has long been a subject of interest in the public mind and has often been promoted by its boosters as a kind of paradise. In the early 20th century, fueled by the efforts of state and local boosters, many Americans saw the Golden State as an ideal resort destination, sunny and dry all year round with easy access to the ocean and mountains. In the 1960s, popular music groups such as The Beach Boys promoted the image of Californians as laid-back, tanned beach-goers.
In terms of socio-cultural mores and national politics, Californians are perceived as more liberal than other Americans, especially those who live in the inland states. In some ways, California is the quintessential Blue State – accepting of alternative lifestyles, not uniformly religious, and preoccupied with environmental issues.
The gold rush of the 1850s is still seen as a symbol of California's economic style, which tends to generate technology, social, entertainment, and economic fads and booms and related busts.
LGBT[link]
Main articles: LGBT rights in California and LGBT history in California
California is considered generally liberal in its policies regarding the LGBT community, and the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people have received greater recognition since 1960 at both the state and municipal level. California is home to a number of gay villages such as the Castro District in San Francisco, Hillcrest in San Diego, and West Hollywood.
Through the Domestic Partnership Act of 1999, California became the first state in the United States to recognize same-sex relationships in any legal capacity. However, the status of same-sex marriage in California is unique among the other U.S. states, in that California formerly granted marriage licenses to same-sex couples, but has discontinued doing so. In 2000, voters passed Proposition 22, which restricted state recognition of marriage to opposite-sex couples. However, in May 2008, the California Supreme Court struck down the initiative in In re Marriage Cases, leading to the marriage of over 85500 same-sex couples between May and November of that year. In November of the same year, the Supreme Court ruling was overruled when voters passed Proposition 8, an amendment to the California Constitution that limited marriages to those between one man and one woman, resulting in protests and further judicial cases.
In 2011, the State Legislature passed the FAIR Education Act, making California the first state to enforce the teaching of LGBT history and social sciences in the public school curriculum, while also prohibiting educational discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in California
The largest religious denominations by number of adherents as a percentage of California's population in 2008 were the Catholic Church with 31 percent; Evangelical Protestants with 18 percent; and Mainline Protestants with 14 percent. Those unaffiliated with any religion represented 21 percent of the population.[75] The American Jewish Yearbook placed the total Jewish population of California at about 1,194,190 in 2006.[76]
The first priests to come to California were Roman Catholic missionaries from Spain. Roman Catholics founded 21 missions along the California coast, as well as the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco. California continues to have a large Roman Catholic population due to the large numbers of Mexicans and Central Americans living within its borders. California has twelve dioceses and two archdioceses, the Archdiocese of Los Angeles and the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the former being the largest archdiocese in the United States.
A Pew Research Center survey revealed that California is somewhat less religious than the rest of the US: 62 percent of Californians say they are "absolutely certain" of the belief in God, while in the nation 71 percent say so. The survey also revealed 48 percent of Californians say religion is "very important," compared to 56 percent nationally.[77]
Armed forces[link]
In California, as of 2002[update], the US Department of Defense had[78][unreliable source?]
- 123,948 active-duty military personnel
- 7,932 US Army personnel
- 96,047 US Navy (including 20,000+US Marines)
- 19,969 Air Force
- 58,076 DOD civilian personnel
In California, as of 2000[update] there were 2,569,340 veterans of US military service: 504,010 served in World War II, 301,034 in the Korean War, 754,682 during the Vietnam War, and 278,003 during 1990–2000 (including the Persian Gulf War).[78]
California's military forces consist of the Army and Air National Guard, the naval and state military reserve (militia), and the California Cadet Corps.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of California
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As of 2010, the gross state product (GSP) is about $1.9 trillion, the largest in the United States.[81] California is responsible for 13 percent of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP). As of 2006, California's GDP is larger than all but eight countries in the world (all but eleven countries by Purchasing Power Parity). In terms of taxation and regulations, workforce quality, and living environment, Chief Executive Group has ranked the state as the worst place to do business in the United States.[82]
In terms of jobs, the five largest sectors in California are trade, transportation, and utilities; government; professional and business services; education and health services; and leisure and hospitality. In terms of output, the five largest sectors are financial services, followed by trade, transportation, and utilities; education and health services; government; and manufacturing.[83]
California currently has the 5th highest unemployment rate in the nation at 12.5% as of January 2010[update] and had continued to rise, up significantly from 5.9% in 2007.[84][85]
California's economy is very dependent on trade and international related commerce accounts for approximately one-quarter of the state’s economy. In 2008, California exported $144 billion worth of goods, up from $134 billion in 2007 and $127 billion in 2006.[86] Computers and electronic products are California's top export, accounting for 42 percent of all the state's exports in 2008.[86]
Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004.[87] This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability. Factors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production.[87] In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue.[88]
Per capita GDP in 2007 was $38,956, ranking eleventh in the nation.[89] Per capita income varies widely by geographic region and profession. The Central Valley is the most impoverished, with migrant farm workers making less than minimum wage. Recently, the San Joaquin Valley was characterized as one of the most economically depressed regions in the U.S., on par with the region of Appalachia.[90] Many coastal cities include some of the wealthiest per-capita areas in the U.S. The high-technology sectors in Northern California, specifically Silicon Valley, in Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, have emerged from the economic downturn caused by the dot-com bust.
In 2010, there were more than 663,000 millionaires in the state, more than any other state in the nation.[91]
State finances[link]
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This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (May 2012) |
Main article: California state finances
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California levies a 9.3 percent maximum variable rate income tax, with six tax brackets, collecting about $40 billion per year (representing approximately 51% of General Fund revenue and 40% of tax revenue overall in FY2007).[92] California has a state sales tax of 8.25%, which can total up to 10.75% with local sales tax included.[93] All real property is taxable annually, the tax based on the property's fair market value at the time of purchase or completion of new construction. Property tax increases are capped at 2% per year (see Proposition 13).
However, California is facing a $26.3 billion budget deficit for the 2009–2010 budget year.[94] While the legislative bodies appeared to address the problem in 2008 with the three-month delayed passage of a budget they in fact only postponed the deficit to 2009 and due to the late 2008 decline in the economy and the credit crisis the problem became urgent in November 2008.
One potential problem is that a substantial portion of the state's income comes from income taxes on a small proportion of wealthy citizens. For example, it is estimated that in 2004 the richest 3% of state taxpayers (those with tax returns showing over $200,000 in yearly income) paid approximately 60% of state income taxes.[95] The taxable income of this population is highly dependent upon capital gains, which has been severely impacted by the stock market declines of this period. The governor has proposed a combination of extensive program cuts and tax increases to address this problem, but owing to longstanding problems in the legislature these proposals are likely to be difficult to pass as legislation.
State spending increased from $56 billion in 1998 to $131 billion in 2008, and the state was facing a budget deficit of $40 billion in 2008.[96] California is facing another budget gap for 2010,[97] with $72 billion in debt.[98] California faces a massive and still-growing debt.[99]
In 2009 the California economic crisis became severe as the state faced insolvency.[100][dated info] In June 2009 Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger said "Our wallet is empty, our bank is closed and our credit is dried up."[101] He called for massive budget cuts of $24 billion, about 1⁄4 of the state's budget.[101] California, with 12% of the U.S. population, has one-third of the nation's welfare recipients.[102]
Infrastructure[link]
Energy[link]
Main article: Energy use in California
Because it is the most populous U.S. state, California is one of the country's largest users of energy. However because of its mild weather and strong environmental movement, its per capita energy use is one of the smallest of any U.S. state.[103] Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46.[104]
As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has the some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.[105] Currently, several solar power plants such as the Solar Energy Generating Systems facility are located in the Mojave Desert. California's wind farms include Altamont Pass, San Gorgonio Pass, and Tehachapi Pass. And a number of dams across the state also provide hydro-electric power.
The state’s crude oil and natural gas deposits are located in the Central Valley and along the coast, including the large Midway-Sunset Oil Field. Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of State electricity generation.
California is also home to two major nuclear power plants: Diablo Canyon and San Onofre. However, voters banned the approval of new nuclear power plants since the late 1970s because of concerns over radioactive waste disposal.[106][note 3] In addition, several cities such as Oakland, Berkeley and Davis have declared themselves as nuclear-free zones.
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation of California
California's vast terrain is connected by an extensive system of controlled-access highways ('freeways'), limited-access roads ('expressways'), and highways. California is known for its car culture, giving California's cities a reputation for severe traffic congestion. Construction and maintenance of state roads and statewide transportation planning are primarily the responsibility of the California Department of Transportation, nicknamed "Caltrans". The rapidly growing population of the state is straining all of its transportation networks, and California has some of the worst roads in the United States.[108][109] The Reason Foundation's 19th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems ranked California's highways the third-worst of any state, with Alaska second, and Rhode Island first.[110]
The state has been a pioneer in road construction. One of the state's more visible landmarks, the Golden Gate Bridge, was once the longest suspension bridge main span in the world at 4,200 feet (1,300 m) when it opened in 1937. With its orange paint and panoramic views of the bay, this highway bridge is a popular tourist attraction and also accommodates pedestrians and bicyclists. The San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge (often abbreviated the "Bay Bridge"), completed in 1936, transports approximately 280,000 vehicles per day on two-decks. Its two sections meet at Yerba Buena Island through the world's largest diameter transportation bore tunnel, at 76 feet (23 m) wide by 58 feet (18 m) high.[111] The Arroyo Seco Parkway, connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena, opened in 1940 as the first freeway in the Western United States.[112] It was later extended south to the Four Level Interchange in downtown Los Angeles, regarded as the first stack interchange ever built.[113]
Los Angeles International Airport and San Francisco International Airport are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. There are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more general aviation airports throughout the state.
California also has several important seaports. The giant seaport complex formed by the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach in Southern California is the largest in the country and responsible for handling about a fourth of all container cargo traffic in the United States. The Port of Oakland, fourth largest in the nation, handles trade from the Pacific Rim and delivers most of the ocean containers passing through Northern California to the entire USA.
The California Highway Patrol is the largest statewide police agency in the United States in terms of employment with over 10,000 employees. They are responsible for providing any police-sanctioned service to anyone on California's state maintained highways and on state property.
The California Department of Motor Vehicles is by far the largest in North America. By the end of 2009, the California DMV had 26,555,006 driver's licenses and ID cards on file.[114] In 2010, there were 1.17 million new vehicle registrations in force.[115]
Intercity rail travel is provided by Amtrak California, which manages the three busiest intercity rail lines in the U.S. outside the Northeast Corridor, all of which are funded by Caltrans. This service is becoming increasingly popular over flying and ridership is continuing to set records, especially on the LAX-SFO route.[116] Integrated subway and light rail networks are found in Los Angeles (Metro Rail) and San Francisco (MUNI Metro). Light rail systems are also found in San Jose (VTA), San Diego (San Diego Trolley), Sacramento (RT Light Rail), and Northern San Diego County (Sprinter). Furthermore, commuter rail networks serve the San Francisco Bay Area (ACE, BART, Caltrain), Greater Los Angeles (Metrolink), and San Diego County (Coaster).
The California High-Speed Rail Authority was created in 1996 by the state to implement an extensive 700 mile (1127 km) rail system. Construction was approved by the voters during the November 2008 general election, a $9.95 billion state bond will go toward its construction.[117] Nearly all counties operate bus lines, and many cities operate their own bus lines as well. Intercity bus travel is provided by Greyhound and Amtrak Thruway Coach.
In March 2011, California ranked as a top BEST state in the American State Litter Scorecard for overall effectiveness and quality of its public space cleanliness – primarily roadway litter–from state and related debris removal efforts.[118]
Government and politics[link]
State government[link]
Main article: Government of California
California is governed as a republic, with three branches of government – the executive branch consisting of the Governor and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the Assembly and Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of California and lower courts of California. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall, and ratification. California allows each political party to choose whether to have a closed primary or a primary where only party members and independents vote. The state's capital is Sacramento.
The Governor of California and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The California State Legislature consists of a 40-member Senate and 80-member Assembly. Senators serve four-year terms and Assembly members two. Members of the Assembly are subject to term limits of three terms, and members of the Senate are subject to term limits of two terms.
California's legal system is explicitly based upon English common law[119] (as is the case with all other states except Louisiana) but carries a few features from Spanish civil law, such as community property. Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment and the state has the largest "Death Row" population in the country (though Texas is far more active in carrying out executions). California's "Death Row" is in San Quentin State Prison situated north of San Francisco in Marin County. Executions in California are currently on hold indefinitely as human rights issues are addressed.[120] California's prison population grew from 25,000 in 1980 to over 170,000 in 2007.[121]
California's judiciary is the largest in the United States (with a total of 1,600 judges, while the federal system has only about 840). It is supervised by the seven Justices of the Supreme Court of California. Justices of the Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal are appointed by the Governor, but are subject to retention by the electorate every 12 years.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of California
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 36.91% 5,011,781 | 60.94% 8,274,473 |
| 2004 | 44.36% 5,509,826 | 54.40% 6,745,485 |
| 2000 | 41.65% 4,567,429 | 53.45% 5,861,203 |
| 1996 | 38.21% 3,828,380 | 51.10% 5,119,835 |
| 1992 | 32.61% 3,630,574 | 46.01% 5,121,325 |
| 1988 | 51.13% 5,054,917 | 47.56% 4,702,233 |
| 1984 | 57.51% 5,467,009 | 41.27% 3,922,519 |
| 1980 | 52.69% 4,524,858 | 35.91% 3,083,661 |
| 1976 | 49.35% 3,882,244 | 47.57% 3,742,284 |
| 1972 | 55.01% 4,602,096 | 41.54% 3,475,847 |
| 1968 | 47.82% 3,467,664 | 44.74% 3,244,318 |
| 1964 | 40.79% 2,879,108 | 59.11% 4,171,877 |
| 1960 | 50.10% 3,259,722 | 49.55% 3,224,099 |
California has an idiosyncratic political culture compared to the rest of the country, and is sometimes regarded as a trendsetter.[122] It was the second state to recall their state governor, the second state to legalize abortion, and the only state to ban marriage for gay couples twice by voters (including Proposition 8 in 2008). Voters also passed Proposition 71 in 2004 to fund stem cell research, and Proposition 14 in 2010 to completely change the state's primary election process. California has also experienced disputes over water rights; and a tax revolt, culminating with the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978, limiting state property taxes.
What has been consistent in the last few decades is that California politics has trended towards the Democratic Party and away from the Republican Party. From 1899 to 1939, California had Republican governors. Once very conservative, having elected Republicans until 1958, California is now a reliable liberal, Democratic state. Since 1990, California has generally elected Democratic candidates to federal, state and local offices, including current Governor Jerry Brown; however, the state has elected Republican Governors, though many of its Republican Governors, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, tend to be considered "Moderate Republicans" and more centrist than the national party.
The Democrats also hold a majority in both houses of the state legislature. There are currently 52 Democrats and 27 Republicans in the Assembly; and 25 Democrats and 15 Republicans in the Senate.
The trend towards the Democratic Party is most obvious in presidential elections; the Democratic Party candidate has won California's electoral votes in the last five elections. Additionally, both the state's current Democratic U.S. Senators, Dianne Feinstein, a native and former mayor of San Francisco, and Barbara Boxer, a former congresswoman from Marin County, have held onto their seats since they were first elected in 1992.
In the U.S. House, the Democrats have held a 34–19 edge since the seating of the 110th United States Congress in 2007. As the result of gerrymandering, the districts in California are usually dominated by one or the other party with very few districts that could be considered competitive.
In general, Democratic strength is centered in coastal regions of Los Angeles County and the San Francisco Bay Area. Republican strength is still greatest in eastern parts of the state. Orange County also remains mostly Republican. One study ranked Berkeley, Oakland, Inglewood and San Francisco in the top 10 most liberal American cities; and Bakersfield and Orange in the top 10 most conservative cities.[123]
Cities, towns and counties[link]
For lists of cities, towns, and counties in California, see List of California counties, List of largest California cities by population, List of incorporated cities and towns in California, List of California urban areas, and California locations by per capita income.
The state's local government is divided into 58 counties and 482 incorporated cities and towns; of which 460 are cities and 22 are towns. Under California law, the terms "city" and "town" are explicitly interchangeable; the name of an incorporated municipality in the state can either be "City of (Name)" or "Town of (Name)".[124]
Sacramento became California's first incorporated city on February 27, 1850.[125] San Jose, San Diego and Benicia tied for California's second incorporated city, each receiving incorporation on March 27, 1850.[126][127][128] Jurupa Valley became the state's most recent and 482nd incorporated municipality on July 1, 2011.[129][130]
The majority of these cities and towns are within one of five metropolitan areas. Sixty-eight percent of California's population lives in its three largest metropolitan areas, Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the Riverside-San Bernardino Area.[citation needed] Although smaller, the other two large population centers are the San Diego and Greater Sacramento metro areas.
The state recognizes two kinds of cities: charter and general law.[124] General law cities owe their existence to state law and are consequentially governed by it; charter cities are governed by their own city charters. Cities incorporated in the 19th century tend to be charter cities. All ten of the state's most populous cities are charter cities.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in California
Public secondary education consists of high schools that teach elective courses in trades, languages, and liberal arts with tracks for gifted, college-bound and industrial arts students. California's public educational system is supported by a unique constitutional amendment that requires a minimum annual funding level for grades K-12 and community colleges that grows with the economy and student enrollment figures.[131]
California had over 6.2 million school students in the 2005–06 school year. Funding and staffing levels in California schools lag behind other states. In expenditure per pupil, California ranked 29th (of the 50 states and the District of Columbia) in 2005–06. In teaching staff expenditure per pupil, California ranked 49th of 51. In overall teacher-pupil ratio, California was also 49th, with 21 students per teacher. Only Arizona and Utah were lower.[132]
A 2007 study concluded that California's public school system was "broken".[133]
California's public postsecondary education offers a unique three tiered system:
- The research university system in the state is the University of California (UC), a public university system. There are ten general UC campuses, and a number of specialized campuses in the UC system.
- The California State University (CSU) system has almost 450,000 students, making it the largest university system in the United States. It is intended to accept the top one-third of high school students. The 23 CSU schools are primarily intended for undergraduate education.[134]
- The California Community Colleges System provides lower division coursework as well as basic skills and workforce training. It is the largest network of higher education in the US, composed of 110 colleges serving a student population of over 2.9 million.[135]
California is also home to such notable private universities as Stanford University, the University of Southern California, the California Institute of Technology, and the Claremont Colleges. California has hundreds of other private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions.
Sports[link]
Main articles: Sports in California and List of professional sports teams in California
The State of California is the only US state to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics were held in Los Angeles. Squaw Valley Ski Resort in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics. Multiple games during the 1994 FIFA World Cup took place in California, with the Rose Bowl in Pasadena hosting eight matches including the final, while Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto hosted six matches.
California has nineteen major professional sports league franchises, far more than any other state. The San Francisco Bay Area has seven major league teams spread in its three major cities: San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. While the Greater Los Angeles Area is home to ten major league franchises, it is also the largest metropolitan area not to have a team from the National Football League. San Diego has two major league teams, and Sacramento has one. The NFL Super Bowl has been hosted in California 11 times at four different stadiums: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, and San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium.
Home to some of the most prominent universities in the United States, California has long had many respected collegiate sports programs. California is home to the oldest college bowl game, the annual Rose Bowl, among others.
California has also long been a hub for motorsports and auto racing. The city of Long Beach holds an event every year in the month of April, which is host to IndyCar Series racing through the streets of downtown. Long Beach has hosted Formula One events there in the past, and also currently hosts an event on the American Le Mans Series schedule. Auto Club Speedway is a speedway in Fontana, and currently hosts one to two NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races a year, and used to host CART Indycar races. Infineon Raceway in Sonoma is a multi-purpose facility, featuring a road course and a drag strip. The road course is home to a NASCAR event, an IndyCar event, and used to host an International Motor Sports Association sports car event. The drag strip hosts a yearly NHRA event. Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca is a roadcourse that currently hosts an ALMS event, and formerly hosted CART events. The Auto Club Raceway at Pomona has hosted NHRA drag racing for over 50 years.
Below is a list of major sports teams in California:
| Club | Sport | League |
|---|---|---|
| Oakland Raiders | American football | National Football League |
| San Diego Chargers | American football | National Football League |
| San Francisco 49ers | American football | National Football League |
| Sacramento Mountain Lions | American football | United Football League |
| San Jose SaberCats | Arena football | Arena Football League |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Oakland Athletics | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| San Diego Padres | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| San Francisco Giants | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Golden State Warriors | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Clippers | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Lakers | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Sacramento Kings | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Sparks | Basketball | Women's National Basketball Association |
| Anaheim Ducks | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| Los Angeles Kings | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| San Jose Sharks | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| Chivas USA | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| Los Angeles Galaxy | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| San Jose Earthquakes | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| FC Gold Pride | Soccer | Women's Professional Soccer |
| San Diego Sockers | Soccer | Professional Arena Soccer League |
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of people from California
- List of places in California
- National Register of Historic Places listings in California
 |
See more Wikipedia articles related to California. |
Notes[link]
- ^ Florida, Dry Tortugas, Cape Canaveral, and Appalachia appeared earlier,....From Spanish historian Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas's accounts, published in 1601.[21][verification needed]
- ^ The coordinates of the center of population are at 35°27′31″N 119°21′19″W / 35.458606°N 119.355165°W / 35.458606; -119.355165.[55]
- ^ Minnesota also has a moratorium on construction of nuclear power plants, which has been in place since 1994.[107]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Government Code Section 420-429.8". State of California Legislative Council. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=gov&group=00001-01000&file=420-429.8. Retrieved December 24, 2009.
- ^ California – Languages. Census. http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ a b "Whitney". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=GT1811. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ^ a b c Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ The summit of Mount Whitney is the highest point in the Contiguous United States.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". Reston, Virginia: USGS. April 29, 2005. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011. Originally published in 1995.
- ^ Coté, John (December 31, 2010). "Lt. Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom to be sworn in by Jan. 10". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Newspapers). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/cityinsider/detail?entry_id=80090. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
- ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 22, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2009-01.csv. Retrieved December 24, 2009.
- ^ a b "E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001–2009, with 2000 Benchmark.". Sacramento, California: State of California, Department of Finance. May 2009. http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports/estimates/e-4/2001-09/. Retrieved December 24, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Seismo.berkeley.edu. http://seismo.berkeley.edu/faq/rate_of_seism.html. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ "Fruits and Vegetables, America Eats, from Life in the USA: The Complete Guide for Immigrants and Americans". Life in the USA. http://www.lifeintheusa.com/food/vegetables.htm. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
- ^ "Calif. retains economy that would be 8th largest", "Businessweek", December 2, 2010, accessed December 2, 2010
- ^ Putnam, Ruth (1917). "Appendix A: Etymology of the Word "California": Surmises and Usage". In Herbert Ingram Priestley. California: the name. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 356–361. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924008278347.
- ^ Vogeley, Nancy (April 20, 2001). "How Chivalry Formed the Myth of California". Modern Language Quarterly (University of Washington) 62 (2): 165–188. DOI:10.1215/00267929-62-2-165. http://mlq.dukejournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/62/2/165.
- ^ Gudde, Erwin G. and William Bright. 2004. California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. p.59–60
- ^ Lavender, David (1987). California: Land of New Beginnings. University of Nebraska Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-8032-7924-8. OCLC 15315566.
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. June 24, 1957. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=california&searchmode=none. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ^ Putnam, 1917, p. 306
- ^ Stewart, George (1945). Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States. New York: Random House. pp. 11–17.
- ^ "2000 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). US Census Bureau. April 2004. p. 29. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc3-us-pt1.pdf. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ Alice Friedemann. "Lessons for California and the U.S. from movie "How Cuba survived Peak Oil"". Culture Change. http://www.culturechange.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56&Itemid=32. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
- ^ "California's Water Woes Threaten the Entire Country's Food Supply". alternet.org. June 9, 2009. http://www.alternet.org/water/140487/california's_water_woes_threaten_the_entire_country's_food_supply/. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ Laaksonen-Craig, Susanna; Goldman, George; McKillop, William (2003) (PDF). Forestry, Forest Products, and Forest Products Consumption in California. Davis, California: University of California – Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-60107-248-1. http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8070.pdf.
- ^ "Checklist of the Scarabaeoidea of the Nearctic Realm". digitalcommons.unl.edu (University of Nebraska State: Papers in Entomology). 2003. http://www.iscc.ca.gov/docs/CaliforniaInvasiveSpeciesList.pdf. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ David Elstein (May 2004). "Restoring California's Native Grasses". Agricultural Research magazine 52 (5): 17. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may04/grass0504.htm. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ "The California Invasive Species List". iscc.ca.gov (California Invasive Species Advisory Committee). April 21, 2010. http://www.iscc.ca.gov/docs/CaliforniaInvasiveSpeciesList.pdf. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "California: flora and fauna". city-data.com. 2010. http://www.city-data.com/states/California-Flora-and-fauna.html. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
- ^ "Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.". fed.us (U.S. Forest Service). http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_1/sequoia/sempervirens.htm. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ "Life Zones of the Central Sierra Nevada". sierrahistorical.org. http://www.sierrahistorical.org/archives/lifezones.html. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ "California Condor". The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2009. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/id. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ "CalPhotos: Browse Mammal Common Names". calphotos.berkeley.edu (BSCIT University of California, Berkeley). October 2, 2010. http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/fauna/com-Mammal.html. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
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- ^ "Black-tailed Deer of California". westernhunter.com. 2000. http://www.westernhunter.com/Pages/Vol02Issue24/blacktail.html. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ a b "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: Species Reports: Listings and occurrences for California". ecos.fws.gov. September 7, 2010. http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/stateListingAndOccurrenceIndividual.jsp?state=CA&s8fid=112761032792&s8fid=112762573902&s8fid=24012838822503. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
- ^ "Page 1580 of the 1778 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (second edition)". Hyzercreek.com. July 15, 2011. http://www.hyzercreek.com/britannica.htm. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ^ "William B. Ide Adobe SHP". California State Parks. http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=458. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
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- ^ a b c "INDIANS of CALIFORNIA – American Period". Cabrillo.edu. http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/anth6_americanperiod.html. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- ^ "California Militia and Expeditions Against the Indians, 1850 – 1859". Militarymuseum.org. http://www.militarymuseum.org/MilitiaandIndians.html. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- ^ see also Benjamin Madley, American Genocide: The California Indian Catastrophe, 1846–1873, Yale University Press, 2012.[dead link]
- ^ Gilliam, Albert (1846). Travels Over the Table Lands and Cordilleras of Mexico: During the Years 1843 and 44. Philadelphia: John Moore. http://books.google.com/books?id=VzICAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=PA&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
- ^ Wilson, Dotson; Ebbert, Brian S. (2006) (PDF). California's Legislature (2006 ed.). Sacramento: California State Assembly. OCLC 70700867. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pdf/caleg11.pdf.
- ^ Markoff, John (April 17, 2009). "Searching for Silicon Valley". New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
- ^ "1990 Census of Population and Housing, Unit Counts,United States, 1990 CPH-2-1". Population and Housing Unit Counts, Population Estimates 1790–1990, pages 26–27. United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration. August 20, 1993. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-1-1.pdf. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c "California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau:". US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "American Indian Civics Project: Indians of Northern California: A Case Study of Federal, State, and Vigilante Intervention, 1850 – 1860". Americanindiantah.com. http://americanindiantah.com/lesson_plans/ml_indians_in_northern_california.html. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- ^ a b "Table 4. Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009" (CSV). US Census Bureau. December 22, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2009-04.csv. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Censo 2010: população do Brasil é de 190.732.694 pessoas". http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1766&id_pagina=1. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
- ^ "International Database – County Rankings". US Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/idb/ranks.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009" (PDF). World Population Prospects: The 2008 Edition, Highlights. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2009. pp. 31–35. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/pdf/WPP2008_Highlights.pdf. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "About Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services". Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services. December 2005. https://dpss.lacounty.gov/dpss/about_dpss/dpss_overview.cfm. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ Barrett, Beth (September 19, 2003). "Baby Slump In L.A. County". Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles Newspaper Group): pp. N4. http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/7215/baby_slump_in_la_county/index.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000" (TXT). United States Census 2000. US Census Bureau Geography Division. May 20, 2002. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). "New Arizona law puts police in 'tenuous' spot". Washington Post (Washington, DC): pp. A4. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2010/04/29/GR2010042904397.html?sid=ST2010042905051.
- ^ behind Nevada and Arizona
- ^ a b Michael Gardner (April 19, 2011). "Cutting services to illegal immigrants isn’t easy". San Diego Union Tribune. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/apr/19/cutting-services-to-illegal-immigrants-isn't-easy/. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Watanabe, Teresa and Hector Becerra (April 1, 2010) "Native-born Californians regain majority status." Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "California – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007–2009". American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2009_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=ACS_2009_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3309&-redoLog=true&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=04000US06&-format=&-_lang=en. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
- ^ a b "California – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". American Fact Finder. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US06&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Whites in state 'below the replacement' level". San Francisco Chronicle. June 5, 2010.
- ^ "Whites Now A Minority In California". CBC News. March 30, 2001.
- ^ "Enrollment by Ethnicity for 2011-12: Statewide Enrollment by Ethnicity (with county data)". California Department of Education. http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Enrollment/EthnicEnr.aspx?cYear=2011-12&cGender=B&cType=ALL&cChoice=StEnrEth2. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
- ^ "Latino kids now majority in state's public schools". San Francisco Chronicle. November 13, 2010
- ^ "United States – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". American Fact Finder. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Most spoken languages in California in 2005". Modern Language Association. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=6&county_id=&mode=state_tops&zip=&place_id=&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ "Table 5. Detailed List of Languages Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over by State: 2000" (PDF). Census 2000. US Census Bureau. February 27, 2003. http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ Coyote Press. Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770 (Map) (1966 ed.). http://www.californiaprehistory.com/tribmap.html. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ California State Parks. California Indians Root Languages and Tribal Groups (Map) (1994 ed.). http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23545. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ Wesson, Herb (July 17, 2001). "AB 800 Assembly Bill – Bill Analysis". California State Assembly. p. 3. http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/asm/ab_0751-0800/ab_800_cfa_20020116_162757_sen_comm.html. Retrieved December 27, 2009. "In 1986, California voters amended the state constitution to provide that the: The [sic] Legislature and officials of the State of California shall take all steps necessary to insure that the role of English as the common language of the State of California is preserved and enhanced. The Legislature shall make no law which diminishes or ignores the role of English as the common language of California.""
- ^ Hull, Dana (May 20, 2006). "English already is "official" in California". San Jose Mercury News (San Jose, California: MediaNews Group). "English has been the "official" language of California since 1986, when voters passed Proposition 63. You'd barely know it. The Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters prints ballots in English, Spanish, Vietnamese, Chinese and Tagalog. California drivers can take the written license exam in 31 languages, from Amharic, which is spoken in Ethiopia, to Thai. You can view the state's online Megan's Law database of registered sex offenders in Portuguese or Punjabi. [..] Proposition 63, which received 73 percent of the vote in 1986, was largely symbolic, sending a message to immigrants that they should learn to speak English if they expected to live in California. The measure directed the state to "preserve, protect and strengthen the English language," but did not call for any specific action or enforcement. Twenty-six other states have official- English laws on the books."
- ^ "What other languages is the written or audio test available in?//Driver License and Identification (ID) Card Information". California Department of Motor Vehicles. http://www.dmv.ca.gov/dl/dl_info.htm#languages.
- ^ Park, Bborie (December 2003). "A World of Opportunity – Which New Languages Davis Students Would Like to Study and Why" (PDF). UC Davis Student Affairs Research and Information. http://www.sariweb.ucdavis.edu/downloads/311AWorldOfOpportunity.pdf. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ "Religious Affi liation by State in the U.S." (PDF). U.S Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center. p. 103. http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ Source: Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, “Jewish Population of the United States, 2006,” in the American Jewish Year Book 2006, Volume 106 [1]
- ^ Helfand, Duke (June 24, 2008). "State has a relaxed view on religion – Survey finds Californians are less certain about the existence of God than others in the U.S.". The Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/24/local/me-faith24. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ a b "California – Armed forces". city-data.com. Advameg, Inc.. http://www.city-data.com/states/California-Armed-forces.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Regional Economic Accounts (interactive tables)". Bureau of Economic Analysis. http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/gsp/. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
- ^ "Country Comparison :: GDP (purchasing power parity)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
- ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ Donlon, JP (May 2, 2012). "Another Triumph for Texas: Best/Worst States for Business 2012". Chief Executive Group. accessed May 3, 2012
- ^ "2011 CalFacts". Lao.ca.gov. http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2011/calfacts/calfacts_010511.aspx. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Welch, William (February 20, 2009). "In California's meltdown, misery has long reach". USA Today (Gannett Co). http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-02-19-california-hurting_N.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- ^ a b "Trade Statistics". California Chamber of Commerce. http://www.calchamber.com/international/trade/pages/tradestatistics.aspx. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ a b "Cal Facts 2006 State Economy". Legislative Analyst's Office of California. August 6, 2007. http://www.lao.ca.gov/2006/cal_facts/2006_calfacts_econ.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Agricultural Production Statistics 2009–2010". cdfa.ca.gov (California Department of Food and Agriculture. 2010. http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ "State Personal Income 2006" (Press release). Bureau of Economic Analysis. March 27, 2007. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2007/spi0307.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Cowan, Tadlock (December 12, 2005). "California’s San Joaquin Valley: A Region in Transition" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. p. 2. http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/links/CRS%20San%20Joaquin%20Valley%20Report.pdf. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Scott, Walter (May 2, 2010). "Personality Parade". Parade Magazine. p. 2.
- ^ "California's Tax System: A Primer". http://www.lao.ca.gov/2007/tax_primer/tax_primer_040907.aspx. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
- ^ Equalization California Board of (July 2009). "Publication 71, California City and County Sales and Use Tax Rates, April 1, 2009 Edition" (PDF). http://www.boe.ca.gov/pdf/pub71.pdf. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
- ^ Yi, Matthew (July 2, 2009). "State's budget gap deepens $2 billion overnight". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/01/MNV118HCO8.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Pender, Kathleen (May 9, 2006). "Google's April surprise for state". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/09/MNGSVIO7NG1.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Nunes, Devin (January 10, 2009). "California's Gold Rush Has Been Reversed". The Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company): p. A9. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123154816733469917.html. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Makes Plea for U.S. Aid". The New York Times. Associated Press (The New York Times Company): p. A21. February 6, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/us/07calif.html. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ Christie, Jim; Linnane, Ciara; Parry, John (June 19, 2009). "Moody's warning on California debt stuns state". Reuters. San Francisco: Thomson Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE55I52L20090619. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ "State of California Debt Clock"
- ^ "California at Budget Impasse as State Nears Insolvency". Fox News Channel (News Corp.). February 15, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/02/15/california-budget-impasse-state-nears-insolvency. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ a b "California's time is running out". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-12. June 4, 2009. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/06/03/ED3T180828.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California's Greek Tragedy". The Wall Street Journal. March 13, 2012. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304537904577277242682364690.html.
- ^ Mufson, Steven (February 17, 2007). "In Energy Conservation, Calif. Sees Light". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/16/AR2007021602274.html. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
- ^ "California – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. October 20, 2011. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=CA. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ^ California OKs new transmission for renewables Reuters, December 17, 2009.
- ^ Doyle, Jim (March 9, 2009). "Nuclear power industry sees opening for revival". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/03/08/MN3H16ANEN.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Brunswick, Mark (April 30, 2009). "Minnesota House says no to new nuclear power plants". Star Tribune (Minnesota: Chris Harte). http://www.startribune.com/politics/44101672.html?source=error. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Mieszkowski, Katharine (September 2, 2010). "California Is Tops in Worst Roads – Pulse of the Bay". The Bay Citizen. http://www.baycitizen.org/blogs/pulse-of-the-bay/read-while-you-are-waiting-traffic-clear. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ "A bridge too far gone". The Economist. August 9, 2007. http://www.economist.com/node/9621456.
- ^ http://reason.org/files/19th_annual_highway_report.pdf
- ^ "The San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge Facts at a glance". California Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/SFOBB/Sfobbfacts.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Pool, Bob (June 25, 2010). "Pasadena Freeway getting a new look and a new name". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/25/local/la-me-parkway-20100625. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "L.A.'s Famous Four-Level Freeway Interchange, 'The Stack,' Turns 58". KCET. September 22, 2011. http://www.kcet.org/updaily/socal_focus/history/la-as-subject/navigating-the-stack-the-four-level-turns-58.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ http://dmv.ca.gov/about/profile/official.pdf
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- ^ S. Spacek, 2011 American State Litter Scorecard: New Rankings for An Increasingly Environmentally Concerned Populous.
- ^ "California Codes, Civil Code Section 22-22.2". California Civil Codes. Legislative Counsel of the State of California. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate?WAISdocID=81815814163+15+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
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- ^ "California Is A Political Trendsetter". CBS News. October 30, 2006. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/10/30/eveningnews/main2138297.shtml. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
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- ^ a b "CA Codes (gov:34500-34504)". California State Senate. http://info.sen.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=gov&group=34001-35000&file=34500-34504. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
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- ^ "Jurupa Valley Becomes California’s 482nd City". League of California Cities. March 11, 2011. http://newsletter.cacities.org/e_article002045084.cfm. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ Stokley, Sandra (June 14, 2011). "JURUPA VALLEY: Rushing to meet a July 1 incorporation". The Press-Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/riverside/stories/PE_News_Local_D_wcode15.40e71cc.html. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
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Further reading[link]
- Chartkoff, Joseph L.; Chartkoff, Kerry Kona (1984). The archaeology of California. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1157-7. OCLC 11351549.
- Fagan, Brian (2003). Before California: An archaeologist looks at our earliest inhabitants. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-2794-8. OCLC 226025645.
- Hart, James D. (1978). A Companion to California. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502400-1.
- Moratto, Michael J.; Fredrickson, David A. (1984). California archaeology. Orlando: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-506182-X. OCLC 228668979.
External links[link]
| Find more about California on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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- State of California
- California State Guide, from the Library of Congress
Geographic data related to California at OpenStreetMap- California travel guide from Wikitravel
- California at the Open Directory Project
- 1973 documentary featuring aerial views of the California coastline from Mt. Shasta to Los Angeles
- Time-Lapse Tilt-Shift Portrait of California by Ryan and Sheri Killackey
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State of California
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| Preceded by Wisconsin |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on September 9, 1850 (31st) |
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| Background information | |
| Birth name | Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson |
| Also known as | Katy Hudson |
| Born | (1984-10-25) October 25, 1984 (age 27) Santa Barbara, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, rock, dance, gospel |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | Red Hill, Island, Columbia, Capitol |
| Associated acts | The Matrix |
| Website | Katyperry.com |
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson[1] (born October 25, 1984), known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Perry grew up with gospel music, and during her first year of high school she pursued a music career as Katy Hudson, releasing her first studio album called Katy Hudson which failed to chart. She recorded a solo album later, which was never released. After signing with Capitol Music Group in 2007, her fourth record label in seven years, she adopted the stage name Katy Perry.
She first gained recognition with the release of her first mainstream album, One of the Boys in 2008, which spawned three Billboard Hot 100 top-ten songs—"I Kissed A Girl", "Hot n Cold" and "Waking Up In Vegas". Perry supported the album with her Hello Katy Tour. In 2010, her third studio album, Teenage Dream (2010), which topped the Billboard 200 chart, and spawned five number one singles—"California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T." and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"—Teenage Dream was the only album (after Michael Jackson's Bad)—to do so, and the first female in history to achieve this milestone. She embarked on the California Dreams Tour, which grossed nearly $60 million worldwide.[2] Perry re-released the album under the name of Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 26, 2012, and the re-release has already spawned the number-one single "Part of Me".
Perry is the only artist to spend over 52 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100, and has since heightened this to 69 weeks.[3] As of 2012, Perry has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards. She was named 2011's "Artist of the Year" by MTV.[4] She has sold 37.6 million digital tracks in the United States and 11 million albums worldwide.[5] Perry was a guest judge on the seventh series of The X Factor UK and the ninth season of American Idol. She has released fragrances "Purr" and "Meow". She ventured into film, voicing Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs. Perry was married to British comedian Russell Brand from 2010 to 2012.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Perry was born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson in Santa Barbara, California[6] to Keith, a West Coast scenester in the 1960s,[7] and Mary Hudson (née Perry), an evangelist who grew up in Southern California and had a "tempestuous" first marriage in Zimbabwe.[7] Perry has Portuguese, German, Irish, and English ancestry.[8][9][10] She is the second child of two pastors.[11] She has an older sister named Angela Hudson and younger brother named David Hudson.[12] Perry's mother's aunt and uncle were screenwriter Eleanor Perry and director Frank Perry.[7] Perry was incorporated into her parents' ministry[11] and sang in their church between the ages of 9 and 17.[13] She grew up listening to gospel music,[14] was not allowed to listen to what her mother called "secular music",[13][15] and attended Christian schools and camps.[11] As a child, Perry learned how to dance in a recreation building in Santa Barbara. She was taught by seasoned dancers and began with swing, Lindy Hop, and jitterbug.[16] She took her GED after her first year at Dos Pueblos High School and decided to leave school in the pursuit of a career in music.[17] Perry initially started singing "because [she] was at that point in [her] childhood where [she] was copycatting [her] sister and everything she [would do]."[17] Her sister practiced with cassette tapes, while Perry took the tapes herself when her sister was not around. She rehearsed the songs and performed them in front of her parents, who suggested she take vocal coaching. She grabbed the opportunity and began taking lessons at the age of nine and continued until she was sixteen. She later enrolled in at the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara, and studied Italian opera for a short period of time.[17]
Career[link]
1999–2006: Career beginnings[link]
When Perry was 15, her singing in church attracted the attention of rock veterans from Nashville, Tennessee, who brought her there to polish her writing skills.[18] In Nashville, Perry started recording demos and was taught by country music veterans how to craft songs and play guitar.[13][15] Perry signed to the Christian music label Red Hill, under which she recorded her first album at the age of 15.[19] Performing as Katy Hudson, she released a self-titled gospel rock album in 2001.[18] She supported this album with The Strangely Normal Tour, accompanied by Phil Joel, LaRue, Luna Halo, Earthsuit and V*Enna.[20] The album was unsuccessful as the label ceased operations at the end of 2001.[19] She later changed her surname to Perry, her mother's maiden name, because "Katy Hudson" was too close to film actress Kate Hudson.[18][21]
At the age of 17, Perry left her home for Los Angeles, where she worked with Glen Ballard on an album for Island Records.[22] Growing up listening to mostly gospel music, Perry had few references when she began recording songs.[13] Asked by the producer with whom she would like to collaborate, Perry had no idea. That night, she went with her mother to a hotel. Inside, she turned on VH1 and saw producer Glen Ballard talking about Alanis Morissette;[13] Ballard produced Morissette's Jagged Little Pill, which had a "huge influence" on Perry.[18] She expressed interest in working with Ballard to her initial collaborator, who arranged a meeting for her with Ballard in Los Angeles. Perry presented one of her songs to Ballard. Ballard then helped Perry develop her songwriting over the next few years.[13] The album was due for release in 2005,[18][19] but Billboard reported it also went nowhere.[19] Perry was dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group.[7] Some of Perry and Ballard's collaborations included "Box", "Diamonds" and "Long Shot", were posted on her official MySpace page. "Simple", one of the songs she recorded with Ballard, was released on the soundtrack to the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants.[23][24] "Long Shot" and "I Do Not Hook Up" was later recorded by Kelly Clarkson for her 2009 album All I Ever Wanted.[25]
Perry signed to Columbia Records in 2004. However, the label was not amenable with her vision, not putting her in the "driver's seat".[19] Instead, one of Columbia's ideas was to pair Perry with the record production team The Matrix, who was working on an album, to serve as its female vocalist. Although the album was later shelved,[26] she caught the attention of the music press: Her burgeoning music career led to her being named "The Next Big Thing" in October 2004 by Blender magazine.[19] With no album project ongoing, Perry began recording her own. Eighty percent completed, however, Columbia decided not to finish it and dropped her from the label.[19] While waiting to find another label, she worked in an independent A&R company called Taxi Music. In 2006, Perry was featured in the tail-end of the video to P.O.D.'s single "Goodbye for Now".[27] She made a cameo appearance in Carbon Leaf's video, "Learn to Fly".
[edit] 2007–09: Commercial success with One of the Boys and MTV Unplugged
Main articles: One of the Boys (Katy Perry album) and MTV Unplugged (Katy Perry album)
While in the process of being dropped by Columbia in 2006, the company's publicity executive Angelica Cob-Baehler enthusiastically recommended Perry to Virgin Records chairman Jason Flom.[28] At the time Flom was leading a complete revival in fortunes at the label and looking to crown recent achievements by breaking a global pop act.[28] Despite mixed reactions from fellow Virgin executives, Flom became convinced that Perry could be that breakthrough star, and at the start of 2007 extended discussions with Columbia resulted in Perry signing to the newly created Capitol Music Group, a merger between Virgin and Capitol. As part of the deal, the label secured the masters to the unfinished album, recorded while at Columbia, that would go on to form a significant part of her official mainstream debut album, One of the Boys.[28]
The Columbia recordings were seen by Flom as being "very strong but lacking an undeniable smash or two that would work both at U.S. pop radio and internationally" and so one of the executive's first actions after completing the signing was to set up a collaboration between Perry and the writer-producer Dr. Luke.[28] The results were the songs "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold". Establishing her image was one of the immediate concerns of her management.[19] A campaign was started in November 2007 with the release of the video to "Ur So Gay", aimed at introducing her to the music market. A digital EP led by "Ur So Gay" was later released to create online buzz and press story.[11][19][29] This was a successful move that resulted in bringing Perry to the attention of Madonna,[19] who mentioned her on KISS FM and KRQ's JohnJay & Rich morning show in Arizona. On March 10, 2008, she appeared as herself on the ABC Family television series, Wildfire, on the episode "Life's Too Short".[30]
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In the next step of promoting the album, Perry undertook a two-month tour of radio stations. The album's official lead single, "I Kissed a Girl", was released on May 6, 2008. Perry's A&R, Chris Anokute, told HitQuarters the song and its controversial theme had met with strong resistance at the label: "People said, 'This is never going to get played on the radio. How do we sell this? How’s this going to be played in the bible belt?'"[29] Anokute said that they needed the support of one of the label's radio promoters to convince people to believe in the record; otherwise, Perry would have likely been dropped again. Capitol's SVP of Promotions, Dennis Reese, saw the vision and helped push the single on national radio. The first station to pick it up and take a chance was The River in Nashville. After playing it for three days they were innundated with enthusiastic calls.[29] With the song climbing atop the charts, Perry embarked on the annual Warped Tour music festival, which her management used to "establish her as a credible performer and make sure she wasn't seen as just a one-hit wonder."[19] The single was a commercial success, peaking at number one for seven weeks on the Billboard Hot 100.[19] It has since become a major worldwide hit, topping charts in 30 countries,[26] including Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.[31] On June 12, 2008, Perry appeared as herself on the daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless,[30] posing for the cover to the June 2008 issue of the fictional magazine Restless Style.[32] Perry also performed backing vocals on the song, "Another Night in the Hills" from Gavin Rossdale's 2008 solo album Wanderlust.[33]
One of the Boys was released on June 17, 2008, to mixed critical reviews.[34] The album has reached number nine on the Billboard 200,[35] and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.[36] Perry released her second single, "Hot n Cold", which became her second top three single in dozens of countries around the world, including the United States where it reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100,[19] as well as topping the charts in Germany, Canada, and Denmark. After Perry wrapped up her appearance at the Warped Tour, she went on tours in Europe. She later launched her first headlining tour, the Hello Katy Tour, in January 2009.[19] "I Kissed a Girl" earned Perry a nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2009 Grammy Awards.[37] Perry was nominated in five categories at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, including Best New Artist and Best Female Video, but lost to Britney Spears.[38] She won Best New Act at the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards, which she co-hosted,[39] and Best International Female Artist at the 2009 BRIT Awards.[40] On February 9, 2009, both "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold" were certified three-time platinum by Recording Industry Association of America for individual digital sales of over three million.[41] The Guinness Book of World Records recognized Perry in its 2010 version as the "Best Start on the US Digital Chart by a Female Artist," for having her first two singles sell over two million digital copies.[42]
The Matrix's self-titled debut album, which features Perry, was later released via the team's label, Let's Hear It, during Perry's solo tour. When the release date was scheduled, "I Kissed a Girl" had been charting well. Matrix member Lauren Christy spoke to Perry about the decision, but she wanted to hold the release until the fourth single of One of the Boys had been dispatched. Despite their communication, The Matrix was released on January 27, 2009, via iTunes Store.[43]
In December 2008, Perry apologized to British singer Lily Allen for remarks in which she called herself a "skinnier version" of her, saying she meant it as a joke.[44] Allen retaliated and told a British radio station that she "happen[ed] to know for a fact that she [Perry] was an American version" of her because their record company needed "to find something controversial and 'kooky'" like her.[45] In January 2009, Perry embarked on her first headlining world tour, the Hello Katy Tour, visiting North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Beginning on January 23, 2009, and ending on November 28, 2009, the tour consisted of 89 concerts. During that time, Perry also opened select concerts for the band No Doubt, on their Summer Tour 2009.
On May 16, 2009, Perry performed at the opening ceremony of the annual Life Ball in Vienna, Austria.[46] In June 2009, lawyers acting for Perry opposed the then-recent trademark of Australian fashion designer Katie Perry, who uses her own name to market loungewear.[47] Some media outlets reported this as a lawsuit, which Perry denied on her blog.[48] Katie Perry reported on her blog that at a hearing with IP Australia on July 10, 2009, the singer's lawyers withdrew their opposition to the trademark.[49] During the summer of 2009 Perry filmed a cameo appearance for Get Him to the Greek; her scene, in which she kisses her future fiancé Russell Brand was cut, and does not appear in the final film. Discussing the issue with MTV, Perry hypothesized there may have been some fear that seeing the two make out would have taken viewers out of the experience.[50] In 2009, Perry was featured on two singles: in August, a remix of Colorado-based band 3OH!3's song "Starstrukk" (the idea for the collaboration having come after Perry's tour that featured 3OH!3 as the supporting act, the song being released by iTunes on September 8, 2009); and, thereafter, in December, on "If We Ever Meet Again", the fourth single from Timbaland's album Shock Value II.[51] In October 2009, MTV Unplugged revealed that Perry was one of the artists to perform for them, and that she would be releasing a live album of the performance, including two new tracks, "Brick by Brick" and Fountains of Wayne cover "Hackensack".[52] The album, released on November 17, included both a CD and a DVD,[53] and debuted at No. 168 on the US Billboard 200 chart.
[edit] 2010–present: Teenage Dream, film debut and The Complete Confection
Main article: Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album)
Perry appeared as a guest judge alongside Simon Cowell, Cheryl Cole and Louis Walsh during the Dublin audition stage of the seventh series of the British television show The X Factor on June 28, 2010.[54] She was one of the many celebrities chosen to fulfil the role of judge whilst Dannii Minogue was on maternity leave. In May 2010, Perry released the first single from her second studio album, Teenage Dream entitled, "California Gurls". The single peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks.[55][56] "Teenage Dream" was released as the second single from her album, and it also topped the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her third number one and second from the album. Teenage Dream was released August 24, 2010 and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart with sales of 192,000 copies in its first week.[57] The album as since sold over 2 million copies in the US, being certified Platinum by the RIAA. Following the album's release, the third single "Firework" was released and became the third consecutive single from Teenage Dream to top the Hot 100. With this, Perry became the first female in eleven years to have three consecutive number-ones from one album.[58] In February 2011, Perry released the fourth single, "E.T.", a remixed version featuring Kanye West, that peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for five non-consecutive weeks.[59] The music video for "E.T." was directed by Floria Sigismondi and features Shaun Ross as the main love interest. With "E.T." at number one on the chart of May 12, 2011, Perry became the first artist to spend 52 consecutive weeks in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100.[3] In June 2011, Perry released the fifth single, "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". A remixed version featuring American rapper Missy Elliot was released in early August.[60] The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 on August 17, 2011, making Perry the first female and second artist (tied with Michael Jackson) ever to have five No. 1 singles from one album. Also, when the song reached number 1 in the Pop Songs airplay chart, "Teenage Dream" became the first album to have 5 number 1's from the same album on that chart. Additionally, when the song reached number one in the Adult Pop Songs airplay chart, the album become the first to have 4 number 1's from the same album on the chart.[61] In October 2011, Perry released the sixth single, "The One That Got Away". It reached No. 3 on Hot 100, becoming the third album in history to produce six top five hit singles,[62] and the seventh song from Teenage Dream to reach the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs, the most by any album and setting a new record in the chart.[63] Perry released a "The One That Got Away" remix featuring American rapper B.o.B. in December 2011. An acoustic version of the song was released in January 2012.[64]
From February 2011 to January 2012, Perry embarked on an extensive world tour in support of Teenage Dream, the California Dreams Tour, playing 124 shows in Europe, Australasia, Asia, North America and South America and earning over $59 million.[2] Perry made her perfume debut, releasing a fragrance named "Purr" in November. It is packaged in a cat-shaped bottle, and is available through Nordstrom stores.[65][66] She followed it up with the fragrance's first flanker, "Meow".[67][68]
In July 2011, Perry made her film debut in the 3D family film The Smurfs as Smurfette. The Smurfs earned $557,771,535 worldwide during its theatrical run. Perry appeared at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2011. She was nominated for ten awards, received the most nominations of the ceremony and was the first singer to have four different music videos shown in various categories, eventually winning three of those, Video of the Year for "Firework", Best Collaboration and Best Special Effects for "E.T.". On September 17, 2011, marked Perry' 69th consecutive week in the Top 10 with single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)".[69][70] On September 23, 2011, she performed, along with Elton John, Brazilian Claudia Leitte and friend Rihanna, on the opening day of the 2011 Rock in Rio festival, which was extended to October 2.[71] Perry performed for 100 thousand people, a show that received high praise from critics and audience alike.[72]
On December 14, 2011, the annual list Forbes was elected the third singer who earned more than US$44 million, behind Lady Gaga (US$90 million) and Taylor Swift (US$45 million).[73] On December 15, 2011, Perry was elected the Artist of the Year by MTV, for their performance on the charts worldwide and won the record during the year.[4] On December 20, 2011, She released a Barbie doll that represents her style in 2012.[74] On January 8, 2012, Perry was named the sixth best-selling digital artist of all time in the United States, having sold 37,620,00 million singles and albums as of 2011, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[75]
In the week ending January 15, 2012, Perry became the first artist ever to have five songs sell over 5 million digital copies in the USA.[76] Perry was once again recruited by EA Games to promote their new expansion pack The Sims 3: Showtime for their The Sims game franchise. The game content was based on Perry.[77] Perry became the first person to have six songs top the Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart.[78] In March 27, 2012, she re-released Teenage Dream under the title Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 27, 2012. The lead single from the re-release (and seventh single from the Teenage Dream era overall) was "Part of Me", which released in February, debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[79] Perry has announced that she will release a part-biopic, part-concert film to be shown in 3D titled Katy Perry: Part of Me to be released on the 4th of July weekend of 2012 by Paramount Pictures.[80][81] In April 2012, Perry performed in India for the first time at the opening ceremony of 5th edition of Indian Premier League, cricket match, in Chennai along with Indian actors Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra and Prabhu Deva.[82][83][84] She performed her songs "Teenage Dream" and a remix version of "California Gurls".[85][83][86][87] In April 2012, Perry stated that she was working on new music and changing her musical style, "My music is about to get real f—ing dark. You'd never see my face because my hair would be in it."[88]
Artistry[link]
Musical style and themes[link]
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Perry has a contralto vocal range.[89] Perry's first album is of the Gospel music genre.[11][19] She related that her perspective in music was "a bit enclosed and very strict", and everything she did was church-related.[11] Her second album, One of the Boys, is described as "secular" and "rock," and reflects a departure from her religious musical roots.[11] Her next album Teenage Dream featured more pop songs in the vein of Boys.[16][90] In her childhood, Perry was introduced to the music of Alanis Morissette and Freddie Mercury, the late frontman of the British band Queen.[26] In her tribute to Mercury on what would have been his 65th birthday, Perry stated; "Without you I wouldn't be making music or doing what I do because your lyrics inspired me as a 15 year old girl."[91] Queen's song "Killer Queen" has inspired her to pursue a career in pop music after her first album.[11] She also described that Morissette's album Jagged Little Pill as having influenced her music profoundly; even going on to work with Morissette's collaborator on the album, Glen Ballard because of that.[18] Influence also came from a number of female pop rock singers, including Cyndi Lauper, Shirley Manson, Pat Benatar and Joan Jett, as "they came out with a vengeance."[92] Perry also cited Madonna as another big influence, saying "I want to evolve like Madonna."[93][94]
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A 22 second sample of Part of Me, a song with a pop rock influence, which is a common genre for Perry's songs.
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Perry is artistically involved in her projects, especially in the writing process. Since she could play guitar, she would start writing songs at home and present it to her producers. Perry is mostly inspired by specific moments of her life. She said it is easy for her to write songs about heartbreak.[13] Most of the themes in One of the Boys deal with heartbreak, teen adventure, and "puking into toilets".[18] Perry's mother reportedly told British tabloid Daily Mail that she dislikes her daughter's music, calling it "shameful and disgusting".[11][95] Perry said her mother was misquoted and told MTV that it was false information.[95] Her songs "Ur So Gay" and "I Kissed a Girl" have received negative reactions from both religious and gay sectors.[95] The songs have been respectively labeled as being homophobic and promoting homosexuality, as well as "lez ploitational".[11] Musicians Pink, Kathleen Hanna and Beth Ditto criticized "I Kissed A Girl" as offensive to the LGBT community.[96][97][98] MTV mentioned criticism suggesting that Perry is using "bi-curiosity" as a way to sell records.[95] Perry responded to the controversy surrounding "Ur So Gay": "It's not a negative connotation. It's not, 'you're so gay,' like, 'you're so lame,' but the fact of the matter is that this boy should've been gay. I totally understand how it could be misconstrued or whatever ... It wasn't stereotyping anyone in particular, I was talking about ex-boyfriends."[99] Perry has written several songs for other singers, including Ashley Tisdale ("Time's Up"), Selena Gomez & the Scene ("Rock God" and "That's More Like It"), Kelly Clarkson ("Long Shot" and "I Do Not Hook Up"), Jessica James ("Bullet" and "Girl Next Door"), Lesley Roy ("Slow Goodbye"), and Kady Malloy ("Wish You the Worst").
Public image[link]
Perry is known for her unconventional style of dress.[16] It is often humorous, bright in color, and reminiscent of different decades, and she frequently uses fruit-shaped accessories, mainly watermelon, as part of her outfits.[92] Perry's transformation into an artist began with fashion, inspired by American film actress Dominique Swain's portrayal in the 1997 film Lolita.[18] She defines her fashion style as "a bit of a concoction of different things".[16] Her fashion has caught the attention of designers.[11][92] In June 2008, a publicity photo that showed Perry posing with a switchblade was criticized.[100] The picture was defended as only an effort to give Perry a "sexy, harder edge".[100] The criticism leveled at her was mocked by Perry who subsequently posed with a spoon instead.[101] She was ranked 7th in Rolling Stone's global Queen of Pop poll in July 2011.[102] Perry is also a gay activist. According to Dosomething.org, Perry had stated "I am a gay activist and I say that proudly. I voted no on Prop 8 (California’s Nov. 4, 2008, amendment declaring that marriage is defined as a union solely between a man and a woman), of course."[103]
Personal life[link]
Perry has had relationships with Gym Class Heroes frontman Travie McCoy, whom she met in a recording studio in New York,[21] breaking up in December 2008;[104] Relient K frontman Matt Thiessen, with whom she worked on her album Teenage Dream[105] and British comedian Russell Brand.
Perry first met Brand in the summer of 2009 when she filmed a cameo appearance for Brand's film Get Him to the Greek. Although the cameo ultimately did not make it into the final cut of the movie, Perry later noted that the "scene called for me to make out with him...And on the way down the stairs after the scene, I was hopping like a bunny. I hop like a bunny when I'm happy".[106][107] Perry and Brand began dating after meeting again several months later in September 2009 at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, where Brand, as host, remarked, "Katy Perry didn't win an award and she's staying at the same hotel as me, so she's gonna need a shoulder to cry on. So in a way, I'm the real winner tonight."[108] The couple became engaged in December 2009 while vacationing in India.[109][110][111] At the time, Perry stated that she had plans to take dual British citizenship. "One of the first things I'll do is apply for dual citizenship. I'm not too sure if I have to take a test as I've not had time to look into it. But England is like my second home".[112] In an August 2010 interview with Rolling Stone, Perry also noted that, "I am sensitive to Russell taking the Lord's name in vain and to Lady Gaga putting a rosary in her mouth. I think when you put sex and spirituality in the same bottle and shake it up, bad things happen."[113][114][115] Perry and Brand married on October 23, 2010, in a traditional Hindu ceremony near the Ranthambhore tiger sanctuary in Rajasthan, India, the same location where Brand proposed.[116][117]
After 14 months of marriage, Brand filed for divorce from Perry on December 30, 2011, in Los Angeles, citing irreconcilable differences.[118][119] The announcement of the divorce followed media speculation that the couple was having marital problems, including an Us Weekly report that they had got into a "massive fight" and spent Christmas 2011 on opposite sides of the globe, with Perry in Hawaii and Brand in London, both without their wedding rings.[120][121] After Perry and Brand reached an agreement on financial issues, a judge granted the divorce request in February 2012; however the divorce will not become effective until July 2012, as California law requires a six-month interval from the initial filing.[122]
Discography[link]
Main article: Katy Perry discography
- Katy Hudson (2001)
- One of the Boys (2008)
- Teenage Dream (2010)
Tours[link]
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Headlining
Co-headlining
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Opening act
Promotional
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Filmography[link]
| Television | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2008 | Young and the Restless, TheThe Young and the Restless | Herself | Episode 8914 |
| Wildfire | Herself | "Life's Too Short" (Season 4, episode 8) | |
| 2010 | American Idol | Guest judge | Season 9, episode 5 |
| The X Factor | Guest judge | Series 7, episode 2 | |
| Sesame Street | Herself | Online special (deleted from televised episode due to viewer controversy) | |
| The Simpsons | Herself | 1 episode, "The Fight Before Christmas" | |
| Extreme Makeover: Home Edition | Herself | "Boys Hope/Girls Hope" (Season 8, Episode 1) | |
| 2010–2011 | Saturday Night Live | Herself / Host / Musical Guest | "Amy Poehler/Katy Perry" (Season 36, episode 681) "Katy Perry/Robyn" (Season 37, episode 710) |
| 2011 | How I Met Your Mother | Honey | 1 episode, "Oh Honey" People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Guest Star |
| America's Got Talent | Guest judge | July 27 (Season 6, Qtr Finals 3 results) | |
| Perez Hilton Superfan | Herself | 1 episode, aired December 14, 2011 | |
| 2012 | Raising Hope | Rikki | 1 episode, "Single White Female Role Model" |
| Film | |||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Get Him to the Greek | Herself | Deleted scene Uncredited |
| Out in the Desert | Herself | Post-production | |
| 2011 | The Smurfs | Smurfette | Voice Nominated – People's Choice Award for Favorite Animated Movie Voice |
| The Muppets | Herself | Deleted scene Cameo appearance |
|
| 2012 | Katy Perry: Part of Me | Herself | Main Role 3D film |
| 2012 | The Smurfs 2 | Smurfette | Voice |
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Katy Perry
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Bedwetters |
MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act 2008 |
Succeeded by Lady Gaga |
| Preceded by Snoop Dogg |
MTV Europe Music Awards host 2008–2009 |
Succeeded by Eva Longoria |
| Preceded by Jonas Brothers |
Teen Choice Awards host 2010 |
Succeeded by Kaley Cuoco |
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References[link]
- ^ Russell Brand files for divorce, TMZ.com, December 30, 2011.
- ^ a b "Top 25 Worldwide Tours (01/01/2011 – 12/31/2011)". Pollstar. Pollstar, Inc.. December 28, 2011. http://www.pollstarpro.com/charts/2011YearEndTop25WorldwideTours.pdf. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Trust, Gary (May 12, 2011). "Katy Perry Celebrates Year In Hot 100's Top 10". Billboard. billboard.com, Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/katy-perry-celebrates-year-in-hot-100-s-1005180662.story. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
- ^ a b "Katy Perry Is MTV's Artist Of The Year!". MTV. December 15, 2011. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1676070/best-artist-of-2011-katy-perry.jhtml.
- ^ Ann Pride (January 8, 2012). "You Da One! Rihanna named best-selling digital download artist of ALL TIME". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2083910/Rihanna-named-best-selling-digital-download-artist-ALL-TIME.html. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
- ^ California Birth IndexArchived 18 January 2010 at WebCite
- ^ a b c d Rob, Sheffield (September 24, 2008). "Girl on Girl: Katy Perry". Blender. http://www.blender.com/GirlonGirlKatyPerry/articles/41952.aspx. Retrieved February 13, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Katy Perry in Portugal - TVI Reportage". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysQLvaEGEHs. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
- ^ "Katy Perry has Irish ancestory in Galway?" April 26, 2011, RTE.ie
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External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Perry, Katy |
| Alternative names | Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson |
| Short description | American singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | October 25, 1984 |
| Place of birth | Santa Barbara, California, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Snoop Dogg | |
|---|---|
 Snoop Dogg performing at the Snoop Dogg Supafest in April 2011. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. |
| Born | (1971-10-20) October 20, 1971 (age 40) |
| Origin | Long Beach, California, United States |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Labels | Death Row, No Limit, Priority, Star Trak, Geffen, Doggystyle |
| Associated acts | Tha Dogg Pound, Tha Eastsidaz, 213, Dr. Dre, Warren G, Nate Dogg, 2Pac, Pharell, R. Kelly, Ice Cube, Akon, Game, Brandy Norwood, Eminem, Wiz Khalifa |
| Website | snoopdogg.com |
Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. (born October 20, 1971), better known by his stage name Snoop Dogg (formerly known as Snoop Doggy Dogg), is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. Snoop is best known as a rapper in the West Coast hip hop scene, and for being one of Dr. Dre's most notable protégés. Snoop Dogg was a Crip gang member while in high school. Shortly after graduation, he was arrested for cocaine possession and spent six months in Wayside County Jail. His music career began in 1992 after his release when he was discovered by Dr. Dre. He collaborated on several tracks on Dre's solo debut, The Chronic and on the titular theme song to the film Deep Cover.
Snoop's debut album Doggystyle, was released in 1993 under Death Row Records making a debut at No.1 on both the Billboard 200 and R&B charts. Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release, Doggystyle quickly became certified 4× platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles, including "What's My Name" and "Gin & Juice". In 1994, Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case, starring himself. In early 1996, Snoop Dogg was cleared of charges over his bodyguard's 1993 murder of Philip Woldemariam. His second album, late 1996's Tha Doggfather, also debuted at No.1 on both charts with "Snoop's Upside Ya Head" as the lead single. The album sold only half as well, being certified double platinum in 1997.
Tha Doggfather was his last release for Death Row before he signed with No Limit Records, where he recorded his next three albums. Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told in 1998, No Limit Top Dogg in 1999 (making it his last album of the 90s), and Tha Last Meal in 2000, which was his last No Limit Records album. Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002, where he released his album Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss. Then he signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece, Tha Blue Carpet Treatment, and Ego Trippin'. Malice 'n Wonderland (2009) and Doggumentary (2011), his most recent release, were on Priority.
In addition to music, Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows: Doggy Fizzle Televizzle, Snoop Dogg's Father Hood and Dogg After Dark. He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team. He has run into many legal troubles, some of which caused him to be legally banned from the UK and Australia, although the UK ban was later reversed after a long legal battle.[1] He is the cousin of Nate Dogg, Daz Dillinger, RBX and Lil' ½ Dead and the cousin of R&B singers Brandy and Ray J. Starting September 2009, Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records.[2]
Contents
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Life and career[link]
Early life[link]
Named after his stepfather, Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Sr. (December 10, 1948 – November 9, 1985, Los Angeles), Calvin Broadus was born October 20, 1971 at the Los Altos Hospital in Long Beach, California, the second of three sons of Beverly Broadus (née Tate; born April 27, 1951, McComb, Mississippi).[3][4][5] His father, Vernall Varnado (born December 13, 1949, Magnolia, Mississippi),[3] was a Vietnam veteran, singer, and mail carrier who was said to be frequently absent from his life.[6] Broadus' parents nicknamed him "Snoopy" as a child because of his appearance, but usually addressed him as Calvin at home.[7][8] His mother and stepfather divorced in 1975. At an early age, Broadus began singing in Golgotha Trinity Baptist Church and playing piano; when he was in sixth grade, he began rapping.[9][10] He attended Long Beach Polytechnic High School, and was convicted for cocaine possession, serving six months at the Wayside County Jail.[7]
As a teenager, Snoop Dogg frequently ran into trouble with the law. Snoop Dogg was a member of the Rollin' 20 Crips gang in the Eastside of Long Beach,[11][12] although he stated in 1993 that he never joined a gang.[9] Shortly after graduating from high school, he was arrested for possession of cocaine.[7] Snoop Dogg's conviction caused him to be frequently in and out of prison for the first three years after he graduated from high school. Snoop, along with his cousins Nate Dogg and Lil' ½ Dead and friend Warren G, recorded home made tapes as a group called 213, named after the Long Beach area code at the time. One of his early solo freestyles over En Vogue's "Hold On" had made it to a mixtape which was heard by influential producer Dr. Dre, who phoned to invite him to an audition. Former N.W.A member The D.O.C. taught him how to structure his lyrics and separate the thematics into verses, hooks and chorus.[13]
[edit] 1992–93: Doggystyle
When he began recording, Broadus took the stage name Snoop Doggy Dogg. Dr. Dre began working with Snoop Dogg, first on the theme song of the 1992 film Deep Cover, and then on Dr. Dre's debut solo album The Chronic with the other members of his former starting group, Tha Dogg Pound. The huge success of Snoop Dogg's debut Doggystyle was partially because of this intense exposure.[7]
To fuel the ascendance of West Coast G-funk hip hop, the singles "Who Am I (What's My Name)?" and "Gin and Juice" reached the top ten most-played songs in the United States, and the album stayed on the Billboard charts for several months.[7] Gangsta rap became the center of arguments for censorship and labeling, with Snoop Dogg often used as an example of violent and misogynistic musicians.[14] Doggystyle, much like The Chronic, featured a host of rappers signed to or affiliated with the Death Row label including Daz Dillinger, Kurupt, Nate Dogg and others. Rolling Stone music critic Touré asserted that Snoop had a relatively soft vocal delivery compared to other rappers: "Snoop's vocal style is part of what distinguishes him: where many rappers scream, figuratively and literally, he speaks softly."[9]
A short film about Snoop Dogg's murder trial called Murder Was The Case, was released in 1994, along with an accompanying soundtrack. On July 6, 1995, Doggy Style Records, Inc., a record label founded by Snoop Dogg, was registered with the California Secretary of State as business entity number C1923139.[15]
[edit] 1996–97: Tha Doggfather
After Snoop Dogg was acquitted of murder charges on February 20, 1996, he and the mother of his son and their kennel of 20 pit bulls moved into a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) home in the hills of Claremont, California and by August 1996 Doggy Style Records, a subsidiary of Death Row Records, signed The Gap Band's Charlie Wilson as one of the record label's first artists.[16]
However, by the time Snoop Dogg's second album, Tha Doggfather, was released in November 1996, the price of living (or sometimes just imitating) the gangsta life had become very evident. Among the many notable hip hop industry deaths and convictions were the death of Snoop Dogg's friend and labelmate 2Pac and the racketeering indictment of Death Row co-founder Suge Knight.[7] Dr. Dre had left Death Row earlier in 1996 because of a contract dispute, so Snoop Dogg co-produced Tha Doggfather with Daz Dillinger and DJ Pooh.
This album featured a distinct change of style as compared to Doggystyle, and the leadoff single, "Snoop's Upside Ya Head", featured a collaboration with Gap Band frontman Charlie Wilson. While the album sold reasonably well, it was not as successful as its predecessor. However, Tha Doggfather had a somewhat softer approach to the G-funk style. The immediate aftermath of Dr. Dre's withdrawal from Death Row Records, realizing that he was subject to an iron-clad time-based contract (i.e., that Death Row practically owned anything he produced for a number of years), Snoop Dogg refused to produce any more tracks for Suge Knight, other than the insulting "Fuck Death Row", until his contract expired.[11] In an interview with Neil Strauss in 1998, Snoop Dogg stated that though he had been given lavish gifts by his former label they had withheld royalty payments to the artist.[17]
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic said that after Tha Doggfather, Snoop Dogg began "moving away from his gangsta roots toward a calmer lyrical aesthetic":[7] for instance, Snoop participated in the 1997 Lollapalooza concert tour, which featured mainly alternative rock music. Troy J. Augusto of Variety noticed that Snoop's set at Lollapalooza attracted "much dancing, and, strangely, even a small mosh pit" in the audience.[18]
[edit] 1998–2000: No Limit, Top Dogg and Tha Last Meal
Snoop signed with Master P's No Limit Records (distributed by Priority/EMI Records) in 1998 and debuted on the label with Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told that year. His other albums from No Limit were No Limit Top Dogg in 1999 (selling over 1,503,865 copies) and Tha Last Meal in 2000 (selling over 1,000,000).[7] In 2001, his autobiography, Tha Doggfather, was published.
[edit] 2002: Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$
In 2002 he released the album Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$, on Priority/Capitol/EMI Records, selling over 1,300,000 copies. The album featured the hit singles "From tha Chuuuch to da Palace" and "Beautiful", featuring guest vocals by Pharrell. By this stage in his career, Snoop Dogg had left behind his "gangster" image and embraced a "pimp" image.
[edit] 2004–05: R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece
In 2004, Snoop signed to Geffen Records/Star Trak Entertainment both of which are distributed through Interscope Records; Star Trak is headed by producer duo The Neptunes, which produced several tracks for Snoop's 2004 release R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece. "Drop It Like It's Hot" (featuring Pharrell), the first single released from the album, was a hit and became Snoop Dogg's first single to reach number one. His third release was "Signs", featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson, which entered the UK chart at #2. This was his highest entry ever in the UK chart. The album sold 1,724,000 copies in the U.S. alone, and most of its singles were heavily played on radio and television. Snoop Dogg joined Warren G and Nate Dogg to form the group 213 and released album The Hard Way in 2004. Debuting at No.4 on the Billboard 200 and No.1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, it included single "Groupie Luv". Together with fellow rappers Lil' Jon, Xzibit and David Banner, Snoop Dogg appeared in the music video for Korn's "Twisted Transistor".
[edit] 2006: Tha Blue Carpet Treatment
Snoop Dogg's appeared on two tracks from Ice Cube's 2006 album Laugh Now, Cry Later, including the single "Go to Church", and on several tracks on Tha Dogg Pound's Cali Iz Active the same year. Also, his latest song, "Real Talk", was leaked over the Internet in the summer of 2006 and a video was later released on the Internet. "Real Talk" was a dedication to former Crips leader Stanley "Tookie" Williams and a diss to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Governor of California. Two other singles on which Snoop made a guest performance were "Keep Bouncing" by Too $hort (also with will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas) and "Gangsta Walk" by Coolio.
Snoop's 2006 album, Tha Blue Carpet Treatment, debuted on the Billboard 200 at No.5 and has sold over 850,000 copies. The album and the second single "That's That Shit" featuring R. Kelly were well received by critics. In the album, he collaborated in a video with E-40 and other West Coast rappers for his single "Candy (Drippin' Like Water)".
[edit] 2007–08: Ego Trippin'
In July 2007, Snoop Dogg also made history by becoming the first artist to release a track as a ringtone prior to its release as a single, which was "It's the D.O.G." On July 7, 2007, Snoop Dogg performed at the Live Earth concert, Hamburg.[19] Snoop Dogg has ventured into singing for Bollywood with his first ever rap for an Indian movie Singh Is Kinng; the title of the song is also "Singh is Kinng". He also appears in the movie as himself.[20] The album featuring the song was released on June 8, 2008 on Junglee Music Records.[21] He released his ninth studio album, Ego Trippin' (selling 400,000 copies in the U.S.), along with the first single, "Sexual Eruption". The single peaked at No.7 on the Billboard 100, featuring Snoop using autotune. The album featured production from QDT (Quik-Dogg-Teddy).
[edit] 2009–10: Malice n Wonderland and More Malice
Snoop was appointed an executive position at Priority Records. His tenth studio album, Malice n Wonderland, was released on December 8, 2009. The first single from the album, "Gangsta Luv", featuring The-Dream, peaked at No.35 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album debuted at No.23 on the Billboard 200, selling 61,000 copies its first week, making it his lowest charting album. His third single, "I Wanna Rock", peaked at No.41 on the Billboard Hot 100. Snoop features on the latest Gorillaz album, Plastic Beach. The fourth single from Malice n Wonderland, titled "Pronto", featuring Soulja Boy Tell 'Em, was released on iTunes on December 1, 2009. Snoop re-released the album under the name More Malice.
[edit] 2011–12: Doggumentary
Snoop collaborated with Katy Perry on the first single from her second mainstream album, "California Gurls", which was released on May 11, 2010. Snoop can also be heard on the track "Flashing" by Dr. Dre and on Curren$y's song "Seat Change". He was also featured on a new single from Australian singer Jessica Mauboy, titled "Get 'em Girls" (released September 2010). Snoop's latest effort was backing American recording artist, Emii, on her second single entitled "Mr. Romeo" (released October 26, 2010 as a follow-up to "Magic"). Snoop also collaborated with American comedy troupe The Lonely Island in their song "Turtleneck & Chain", in their 2011 album Turtleneck & Chain.
Snoop Dogg's newest studio album is Doggumentary. The album went through several tentative titles including Doggystyle 2: Tha Doggumentary and Doggumentary Music: 0020 before being released under the final title Doggumentary during March 2011.[22] Snoop was featured on Gorillaz' latest album Plastic Beach on a track called: "Welcome to the World of the Plastic Beach" with the The Hypnotic Brass, he also completed another track with them entitled "Sumthing Like This Night" which does not appear on Plastic Beach, yet does appear on Doggumentary. He also appears on the latest Tech N9ne album All 6's and 7's (released June 7, 2011) on a track called "Pornographic" which also features E-40 and Krizz Kaliko.
[edit] 2012–present: Reincarnated
On February 4, 2012, Snoop Dogg announced a new documentary alongside his new upcoming studio album entitled Reincarnated.[23] Snoop Dogg is set to headline the Osheaga Festival in Montreal, Canada this summer. [24]
Other ventures[link]
Media appearances[link]
Snoop Dogg has appeared on television and in films throughout his career. In 1998, Snoop had a cameo appearance in the film Half Baked as the "Scavenger Smoker".[25] In 2000, Snoop (as "Michael J. Corleone") directed Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle, a pornographic film produced by Hustler. The film, combining hip hop with x-rated material, was a huge success and won "Top Selling Release of the Year" at the 2002 AVN Awards.[26] Snoop then directed Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp in 2002 (using the nickname "Snoop Scorsese").[27]
In 2001, Snoop lent his voice to the animated show King of the Hill, in which he played a white pimp named Alabaster Jones.[28] He played a lead character in the movie The Wash with Dr. Dre. He portrayed a drug dealer in a wheelchair in the film Training Day, featuring Denzel Washington.[29] In 2001, Snoop starred in the horror film Bones, with him playing a murdered mobster who returns from the dead to exact his revenge against those who murdered him.
In 2002, Snoop hosted, starred in, and produced his own MTV sketch comedy show entitled Doggy Fizzle Televizzle. Snoop was filmed for a brief cameo appearance in the television movie It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie (2002), but his performance was omitted from the final cut of the movie.[30] On November 8, 2004, Snoop Dogg was starred in the episode "Two of a Kind" of NBC's series Las Vegas.[31]
In 2004, Snoop appeared on the Showtime series The L Word as the character "Slim Daddy". He also notably played the drug dealer-turned-informant character of Huggy Bear, in the 2004 remake film of the 1970s TV-series of the same name, Starsky & Hutch. He appeared as himself in the episode "MILF Money" of Weeds,[32] and made an appearance on the TV shows Entourage[33] and Monk,[34] for which he recorded a version of the theme, in July 2007.
Snoop founded his own production company, Snoopadelic Films, in 2005. Their debut film was Boss'n Up, a film inspired by Snoop Dogg's album R&G, starring Lil Jon and Trina.[35]
In December 2007, his reality show Snoop Dogg's Father Hood premiered on the E! channel.[36] Snoop Dogg joined the NBA's Entertainment League.[37] On March 30, 2008 he appeared at WrestleMania XXIV as a Master of Ceremonies for a tag team match between Maria and Ashley Massaro as they took on Beth Phoenix and Melina.[38]
On May 8 and May 9, 2008, Snoop appeared as himself on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live, with a new opening theme recorded by the artist presented for both episodes. In the episodes, Snoop performs at the bachelorette party for character Adriana Cramer, and credits Bo Buchanan with helping him get his start in show business.[39][40] On February 24, 2010, Snoop Dogg reprised his role, performing his song "I Wanna Rock" from his new album, Malice n Wonderland, as well as once again performing a special remixed, vocal rendition of the show's opening theme.[41] In recent interviews he has explained that, as a child, One Life to Live was one of his favorite shows, and he still regards the show fondly. He has also stated that he has always been a particular fan of Robert S. Woods, who has portrayed the character of Bo Buchanan since 1979.
In 2009, Snoop Dogg appeared in Sacha Baron Cohen's film Brüno as himself performing a rap addition to the song "Dove Of Peace".[42] On October 19, 2009, Snoop Dogg was the guest host of WWE Raw.
In July 2009, Snoop revealed his desire to appear in the popular soap opera Coronation Street while touring in the UK. However ITV bosses were said to be less keen.[43]
In 2010, Snoop Dogg appeared in an episode of I Get That a Lot on CBS as a parking-lot attendant.
In June 2010, Snoop created a music video for True Blood accompanying a song he wrote for one of the main characters of the show entitled "Oh Sookie."[44][45]
In March 2011, Snoop participated in Comedy Central's Roast of Donald Trump with other comedians and media personalities.[46]
January 2, 2012, appeared on the The Price Is Right and raised $72,000 for his charity, Snoop Youth Football League.
Endorsements[link]
- St. Ides
- Snoop Dogg 40 Oz Malt liquor
- Adidas Originals
- Boost Mobile cell phone
- Chrysler 300
- Colt 45 Blast
- Metro PCS Samsung Galaxy 4G
- Orbit Gum
- AOL commercial with Jerry Stiller
- Cal Worthington's Ford dealership in Long Beach, California
- "Snoop Doggs" – foot-long hot dogs manufactured in Massachusetts, a joint venture with Platinum One Media[47]
- "Snoop Dogg Board Company (SDBC)" – skateboards and Luggage fabrication company (with Pentagon Distribution)
- "Snooperbowl" and "Snoop Youth Football league"[48]
- "Chronic Candy" – candy that tastes like marijuana (from Switzerland and is currently banned in some cities of US)
- Love Don't Live Here No More, Doggy Tales Vol.1 – love novel (co-written by David E. Talbert, published by Atria and Snoopadelic Films) ISBN 0-7432-7363-X[49]
- Tha Doggfather : The Times, Trials, And Hardcore Truths Of Snoop Dogg – autobiography (published by William Morrow) Hardcover ISBN 0-688-17158-3, Paperback ISBN 0-06-107607-4[50]
- Fear & Respect (project cancelled as of March 1, 2006) – PlayStation 2 video game (developed by Midway Games)
- "Doggy Biscuitz" – shoe brand (in partnership with Pony International)[51]
- "Snoop Dogg Clothing" – streetwear (distributed at Macy's)
- "WRFF" – unique design scooters (in cooperation with Salton, Inc.)[52]
- "Hip Hop Gaming League" – a celebrity online gaming competition (hosted by Global Gaming League)[53]
- "Snoop Dogg figures" (Vital Toys, SOTA Toys)[54]
- "Snoop Dogg Boxing" – mobile phone game (Sony Pictures Mobile)
- "Snoop Dogg Pet Accessory Line" (in conjunction with Jakks Pacific)[55]
- Snoop Dogg is a celebrity voice of a TomTom GPS navigation system.[56][57] He stated on George Lopez's talk show Lopez Tonight that he is tired of hearing directions from the same woman.
- In August 2008, Snoop Dogg announced the launch of a new streetwear line called Rich & Infamous, via a partnership with Robert Thorne Co. The line was unveiled during the Magic Tradeshow in Las Vegas.[58]
- "Hack is Wack" – Promoting Norton AntiVirus.[59]
- "Coffee Cup With A Cause" with 7 Eleven.[60]
- "Serious Pimp" clothing line.[61]
- "iFizzle" iPhone Application.[62]
- "Vybe Mobile"[63]
- "Pepsi Max" – Zero Calories[64]
Style and rap skills[link]
Kool Moe Dee ranks Snoop at No.33 in his book There's a God on the Mic, and says he has "an ultra-smooth, laidback delivery",[65] and "flavor-filled melodic rhyming".[66] Peter Shapiro describes Snoop's delivery as a "molasses drawl"[67] and Allmusic notes his "drawled, laconic rhyming" style.[7] Kool Moe Dee refers to Snoop's use of vocabulary, saying he "keeps it real simple...he simplifies it and he's effective in his simplicity".[68]
Snoop is known to freestyle some of his lyrics on the spot for some songs – in the book How to Rap, Lady of Rage says, "Snoop Dogg, when I worked with him earlier in his career, that's how created his stuff... he would freestyle, he wasn't a writer then, he was a freestyler,"[69] and The D.O.C. states, "Snoop's [rap] was a one take willy, but his shit was all freestyle. He hadn't written nothing down. He just came in and started busting. The song was "Tha Shiznit"—that was all freestyle. He started busting and when we got to the break, Dre cut the machine off, did the chorus and told Snoop to come back in. He did that throughout the record. That's when Snoop was in the zone then."
Peter Shapiro says that Snoop debuted on "Deep Cover" with a "shockingly original flow – which sounded like a Slick Rick born in South Carolina instead of South London"[70] and adds that he "showed where his style came from by covering Slick Rick's 'La Di Da Di'".[67] Referring to Snoop's flow, Kool Moe Dee calls him "one of the smoothest, funkiest flow-ers in the game".[66] How to Rap also notes that Snoop is known to use syncopation in his flow to give it a laidback quality,[71] as well as 'linking with rhythm' in his compound rhymes,[72] using alliteration,[73] and employing a "sparse" flow with good use of pauses.[74]
Snoop re-popularized the use of -izzle speak, particularly in the pop and hip-hop music industry.[75]
Personal life[link]
Broadus's father left the family when Broadus was three months old. Snoop married his high school sweetheart, Shante Taylor, on June 12, 1997. On May 21, 2004, he filed for divorce from Shante, citing irreconcilable differences.[76] The couple renewed their wedding vows on January 12, 2008.[77] R&B singers Brandy and Ray J are his first cousins.[78] In 2002, the rapper announced he was giving up marijuana, one of his image trademarks, for good.[79] According to his IMDb biography, Snoop is a fan of the thrash metal band Metallica[80] and performed their song "Sad But True" on the band's 2003 MTV Icon Special which is available on YouTube.[81] A DNA test read by George Lopez on Lopez Tonight revealed Snoop Dogg to be of 0% East Asian, 23% Native American, 6% European, and 71% African descent.[82]
Snoop is an avid fan of hometown teams Los Angeles Dodgers and the Los Angeles Lakers. Snoop is also an avid Pittsburgh Steelers fan.[83] and is often seen wearing Pittsburgh Steelers apparel. Snoop has mentioned that his love for the Steelers began in the 1970s during the team's dynasty years while watching the team with his grandfather growing up in L.A.[84] In the 2005 offseason, Snoop mentioned that he wanted to be an NFL head coach, "probably for the Steelers".[85] The following year, he was in attendance for the Steelers' victory in Super Bowl XL and later in Super Bowl XLIII. He is also a fan of the Oakland Raiders and Dallas Cowboys, often wearing a No.5 jersey, and has been seen at Raiders training camps.[86] He did his own free style rap based on his similarities with Tony Romo.[87][88] He is also a fan of the USC Trojans Football team. He has also shown affection for the New England Patriots, as he has been seen performing at the Gillette Stadium and picked the Patriots as the favorite to win Super Bowl XXXIX against the Eagles.[89][90] On August 6, 2009, Snoop visited the training camp of the Baltimore Ravens at McDaniel College in Westminster, Maryland.[91] He was invited by Ray Lewis the day after his concert at the Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, Maryland.
A certified football coach, Snoop Dogg has been head coach for his son's youth football teams and the John A. Rowland High School team.[92][93]
Snoop Dogg is an avid hockey fan; he sported a Pittsburgh Penguins jersey (with the name and number 'GIN AND JUICE' 94 on the back) and a jersey of the now-defunct Springfield (MA) Indians of the American Hockey League in his 1994 music video, "Gin And Juice". On the E! show, Snoop Dogg’s Father Hood, Snoop Dogg and his family received lessons on playing hockey from the Anaheim Ducks, then returning to the Honda Center to cheer on the Ducks against the Vancouver Canucks in the episode Snow in da Hood.[94]
In 2009, it was revealed that Snoop Dogg was a member of the Nation of Islam. On March 1, 2009, he made an appearance at the Nation of Islam's annual Saviours' Day holiday, where he praised minister Louis Farrakhan. Snoop claimed to be a member of the Nation of Islam, but he declined to give the date on which he joined. He also donated $1,000 to the organization.[95][96][97]
Snoop claimed in a 2006 interview with Rolling Stone magazine that unlike other hip hop artists who've superficially adopted the pimp persona, he was an actual professional pimp in 2003 and 2004, saying "That shit was my natural calling and once I got involved with it, it became fun. It was like shootin' layups for me. I was makin' 'em every time." He goes on to say that upon the advice of some of the other pimps he knew, he eventually gave up pimping to spend more time with his family.[98]
Legal issues[link]
Shortly after graduating from high school, he was arrested for possession of cocaine.[7]
While recording Doggystyle in August 1993, Snoop Dogg was arrested in connection with the death of Phillip Woldermarian, a member of a rival gang who was shot and killed by Snoop's bodyguard, McKinley Lee; Snoop was charged with murder along with Lee as he was driving the vehicle from which the shooting had commenced. Snoop and Lee were defended by Johnnie Cochran.[99] Both Snoop and Lee were acquitted; Lee was acquitted on grounds of self-defense, but Snoop Dogg remained entangled in the legal battles around the case for three years.[100]
In July 1993, Snoop was stopped for a traffic violation and a firearm was found by police while conducting a search of his car. In February 1997, he pleaded guilty to possession of a handgun and was ordered to record three public service announcements, pay a $1,000 fine, and serve three years' probation.[101][102]
In May 1998, Snoop Dogg was fined and arrested for a misdemeanor of marijuana possession.[103]
In October 2001, Snoop Dogg was arrested again for a misdemeanor of marijuana possession.[103] In 2002 he pleaded no contest and was fined a total of $398.30 and received a suspended 30-day jail sentence.[104]
Snoop Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound, and The Game were sued for assaulting a fan on stage at a May 2005 concert at the White River Amphitheatre in Auburn, Washington. The accuser, Richard Monroe, Jr., claimed he was beaten by the artists' entourage while mounting the stage.[105] He alleged that he reacted to an "open invite" to come on stage. Before he could, Snoop’s bodyguards grabbed him and he was beaten unconscious by crewmembers, including the rapper and producer Soopafly; Snoop and The Game were included in the suit for not intervening. The lawsuit focuses on a pecuniary claim of $22 million in punitive and compensatory damages, battery, negligence, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.[106] The concerned parties appeared in court in April 2009.
On April 26, 2006, Snoop Dogg and members of his entourage were arrested after being turned away from British Airways' first class lounge at Heathrow Airport. Snoop and his party were not allowed to enter the lounge because some of the entourage were flying first class, other members in economy class. After the group was escorted outside, they vandalized a duty-free shop by throwing whiskey bottles. Seven police officers were injured in the midst of the disturbance. After a night in jail, Snoop and the other men were released on bail on April 27, but he was unable to perform at the Premier Foods People's Concert in Johannesburg on the same day. As part of his bail conditions, he had to return to the police station in May. The group has been banned by British Airways for "the foreseeable future."[107][108] When Snoop Dogg appeared at a London police station on May 11, he was cautioned for affray under Section 4 of the Public Order Act for use of threatening words or behavior.[109] On May 15, the Home Office decided that Snoop Dogg should be denied entry to the United Kingdom for the foreseeable future due to the incident at Heathrow as well as his previous convictions in the United States for drugs and firearms offenses.[110][111] Snoop Dogg's visa card was rejected by local authorities on March 24, 2007 because of the Heathrow incident.[112] A concert at London's Wembley Arena on March 27 went ahead with Diddy (with whom he toured Europe) and the rest of the show. However the decision affected four more British performances in Cardiff, Manchester and Glasgow[113] and Budapest (due to rescheduling).[114] As of March 2010, Snoop Dogg has been allowed back into the UK.[1]
On September 27, 2006, Snoop Dogg was detained at John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California by airport security, after airport screeners found a collapsible police baton in Snoop's carry-on bag. The baton was confiscated but Snoop was allowed to board the flight. He has been charged with various weapons violations stemming from this incident. Donald Etra, Snoop's lawyer, told deputies the baton was a prop for a musical sketch. Snoop was sentenced to three years' probation and 160 hours of community service starting on September 20, 2007.[115]
Snoop Dogg was arrested again on October 26, 2006 at Bob Hope Airport in Burbank, California while parked in a passenger loading zone. Approached by airport security for a traffic infraction, he was found in possession of marijuana and a firearm, according to a police statement. He was transported to Burbank Police Department Jail, booked, and released on $35,000 bond. He faced firearm and drug possession charges on December 12 at Burbank Superior Court.[116]
He was again arrested on November 29, 2006, after performing on The Tonight Show, for possession of marijuana and a firearm.[117]
Snoop was arrested again on March 12, 2007 in Stockholm, Sweden after performing in a concert with P. Diddy in Stockholm's Globe Arena after he and a female companion reportedly "reeked" of marijuana. They were released four hours later after providing a urine sample. The results on urine determined whether charges would be pressed. However the rapper denied all charges.[118][119]
On April 26, 2007, the Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship banned him from entering the country on character grounds, citing his prior criminal convictions. He had been scheduled to appear at the MTV Australia Video Music Awards on April 29, 2007.[120] Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship lifted the ban in September 2008 and had granted him visa to tour Australia. DIAC said "In making this decision, the department weighed his criminal convictions against his previous behaviour while in Australia, recent conduct – including charity work – and any likely risk to the Australian community ... We took into account all relevant factors and, on balance, the department decided to grant the visa."[121]
Snoop Dogg's many legal issues forced San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom to withdraw his plan to issue a proclamation to the rapper.[122]
Snoop Dogg was banned from Parkpop, a festival in the Netherlands on June 27, 2010, where he was scheduled to perform. The mayor and law enforcement officials asked organizers of the festival to find an artist more “open and friendly” to play the event.[123]
Snoop Dogg was arrested again on January 7, 2012 for possession of Marijuana charge after Border control agents discovered a small amount of marijuana on his tour bus. Snoop Dogg was stopped at the same Sierra Blanca, Texas, checkpoint where country singer Willie Nelson was arrested for marijuana possession in 2010. The agents conducted a routine inspection of his tour bus at the U.S.– Mexico border checkpoint, east of El Paso, Texas and thought they smelled marijuana. Snoop Dogg was issued a citation for possession of drug paraphernalia, released and given a court date of Friday, January 20, 2012.[citation needed]
Discography[link]
Main article: Snoop Dogg discography
- Doggystyle (1993)
- Tha Doggfather (1996)
- Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told (1998)
- No Limit Top Dogg (1999)
- Tha Last Meal (2000)
- Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss (2002)
- R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece (2004)
- Tha Blue Carpet Treatment (2006)
- Ego Trippin' (2008)
- Malice n Wonderland (2009)
- Doggumentary (2011)
- Reincarnated (2012)
Filmography[link]
Main article: Snoop Dogg filmography
- 1994: Murder Was the Case (Platinum)
- 1998: Caught Up
- 1998: Half Baked (cameo appearance)
- 1998: Da Game of Life
- 1998: Hot Boyz
- 1998: Ride
- 1999: Whiteboyz
- 1999: Urban Menace
- 2000: Tha Eastsidaz
- 2000: Up in Smoke Tour
- 2001: Baby Boy
- 2001: Training Day
- 2001: King of the Hill (voice)
- 2001: Bones
- 2001: The Wash
- 2003: Malibu's Most Wanted
- 2003: Old School
- 2004: Starsky & Hutch
- 2004: Soul Plane
- 2004: Volcano High
- 2005: Boss'n Up
- 2005: Racing Stripes (voice)
- 2006: The Tenants
- 2006: Weeds: Himself
- 2006: Hood of Horror
- 2007: Arthur and the Invisibles (voice)
- 2007: Monk
- During the opening credits, he covered the title song by Randy Newman "It's a Jungle out There".
- 2007: The Boondocks
- 2008: Singh Is Kinng (as Himself)
- 2008: Snoop Dogg's Father Hood (as Himself)
- 2009: Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder (voice)
- 2009: Dogg After Dark: Himself
- 2009: Xavier: Renegade Angel (voice)
- 2009: Brüno (cameo appearance)
- 2009: Falling Up
- 2010: Down for Life
- 2010: One Life to Live as Calvin Broadus
- 2010: Straight Outta L.A. (as Himself)
- 2010: Freaknik: The Musical
- 2010: Malice n Wonderland as Malice
- 2010: Big Time Christmas as Himself
- 2011: 90210 (TV series) as Himself
- 2011: Roast of Donald Trump
Awards[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Snoop Dogg
Snoop Dogg was also a judge for the 7th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.[124]
Further reading[link]
|
Book: Snoop Dogg |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Snoop Dogg (1999). Tha Doggfather: The Times, Trials, and Hardcore Truths of Snoop Dogg. New York, N.Y., U.S.: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-688-17158-3
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- ^ "Snoop Arrested". MTV UK. March 12, 2007. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/snoop-dogg/news/39957-snoop-arrested. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
- ^ Welch, Dylan (April 26, 2007). "Who Put the Dogg Out?". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/04/26/1177459836538.html. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
- ^ "Snoop Dogg granted visa to tour Australia". The Herald Sun. September 12, 2008. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24334652-2902,00.html. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
- ^ Knight, Heather (October 25, 2007). "Proclamations spark controversy again". San Francisco Chronicle: pp. B1, B8. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/10/25/BAM1SVJVR.DTL. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
- ^ "Snoop Dogg Banned From Dutch Festival". Billboard. September 14, 2009. http://www.billboard.com/news/snoop-dogg-banned-from-dutch-festival-1004099249.story#/news/snoop-dogg-banned-from-dutch-festival-1004099249.story. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
- ^ "Past Judges". Independent Music Awards. http://www.independentmusicawards.com/ima_new/pastjudges.asp. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
External links[link]
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- Snoop Dogg
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Snoop Dogg |
| Alternative names | Broadus, Cordozar Calvin, Jr. |
| Short description | Rapper, actor |
| Date of birth | 1971-10-20 |
| Place of birth | Long Beach, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoop_Dogg
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| The Beach Boys | |
|---|---|
 The Beach Boys in 1964 From left to right: Dennis Wilson, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Al Jardine |
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| Background information | |
| Origin | Hawthorne, California, United States |
| Genres | Rock, pop, surf rock, psychedelic rock |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Labels | Capitol, Brother, Reprise, Caribou, CBS |
| Associated acts | The Honeys |
| Website | thebeachboys.com |
| Members | |
| Mike Love Brian Wilson Al Jardine David Marks Bruce Johnston |
|
| Past members | |
| Dennis Wilson Carl Wilson Glen Campbell Ricky Fataar Blondie Chaplin |
|
The Beach Boys are an American rock band, formed in 1961 in Hawthorne, California. The group was initially composed of brothers Brian, Dennis and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and friend Al Jardine. They were managed early on by the Wilsons' father, Murry. The band's leader, composer, arranger and producer Brian Wilson was responsible for writing most of the band's early singles and albums. After signing with Capitol Records in mid-1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits including "Surfin' Safari", "Surfin' USA", "Surfer Girl", "Little Deuce Coupe", "Be True to Your School", "In My Room", "Fun, Fun, Fun", "I Get Around", "Dance Dance Dance", "Help Me Rhonda" and "California Girls". These songs and their accompanying albums were internationally popular, making The Beach Boys one of the biggest acts of their time.[1] The band's early music gained popularity across the United States for its close vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting a Southern California youth culture of surfing, cars, and romance. By the mid-1960s, Brian's growing creative ambition and songwriting ability would dominate the group's musical direction. The primarily Brian-composed Pet Sounds album and "Good Vibrations" single (both released in 1966) featured a complex, intricate and multi-layered sound.
However, Brian would soon lose control of the band because of problems with his mental health and substance abuse. This led to the cancellation of the anticipated follow up to Pet Sounds, Smile. Subsequently, although they released a number of highly artistic albums (in various musical styles, with different line-ups) in ensuing years, particularly in the years 1967–1973, the group never managed to reclaim its mid-1960s peak when The Beach Boys challenged The Beatles both in terms of commercial and critical appeal. Since the 1980s, there has been much legal wrangling among the group members over royalties, songwriting credits, and use of the band's name. Following the release of their studio album Stars and Stripes Vol. 1 in 1996, a number of versions of the band, each fronted by a surviving member of the original quintet (Dennis and Carl Wilson died in 1983 and 1998, respectively), continued to tour until the announcement in late 2011 of a full-scale reunion—including Brian—for 2012 along with the band's twenty-ninth studio album That's Why God Made the Radio which is set for release on June 5, 2012.
The Beach Boys have often been called "America's Band",[2] and Allmusic has stated that "the band's unerring ability... made them America's first, best rock band."[3] The group has had 36 US Top 40 hits (the most by an American rock band) and 56 Hot 100 hits, including four number-one singles.[3] Rolling Stone magazine listed The Beach Boys at number 12 on their 2004 list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time," the highest ranking for an American rock band.[4] The group is also one of America's best-selling acts, having sold over 100 million albums worldwide since their debut in 1961.[citation needed] Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Dennis Wilson, Mike Love, and Al Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. Since the 1990s many of the group's later albums and singles have been re-evaluated by critics and fans with albums such as Sunflower, Surf's Up and the finally released Smile albums being seen as worthy successors to their earlier output. In particular, Brian Wilson has since become heralded as a musical genius along the lines of Lennon and McCartney.
Contents |
History[link]
Formative years[link]
File:Rickenbacker .png
A Rickenbacker 360 12-string guitar similar to the one used by Carl Wilson in the early and mid sixties.
At age 16, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl, in their family home in Hawthorne. He watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano and listened intently to the harmonies of vocal groups like The Four Freshmen. One night he taught his brothers a song called "Ivory Tower" and how to sing the background harmonies. "We practiced night after night, singing softly hoping we wouldn't wake our Dad."[5] For his 16th birthday, Brian was given a reel-to-reel tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl and their mother. He would play piano and later added Carl playing the Rickenbacker guitar he got as a Christmas present.[6]
Soon Brian was avidly listening to Johnny Otis on his KFOX radio show, a favorite station of Carl's. Inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, he changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his music studies at school. He failed to complete a twelfth-grade piano sonata, but did submit an original composition, called "Surfin'".[7]
Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love. Brian taught Love's sister Maureen and a friend harmonies. Later, Brian, Mike Love and two friends performed at Hawthorne High School, drawing tremendous applause for their version of doo-wop group The Olympics' "Hully Gully".[8] Brian also knew Al Jardine, a high school classmate, who had already played guitar in a folk group called The Islanders. One day, on the spur of the moment, they asked a couple of football players in the school training room to learn harmony parts, but it wasn't a success—the bass singer was flat.[9]
Brian suggested to Jardine that they team up with his cousin and brother Carl. It was at these sessions, held in Brian's bedroom, that "the Beach Boys sound" began to form. Brian says: "Everyone contributed something. Carl kept us hip to the latest tunes, Al taught us his repertoire of folk songs, and Dennis, though he didn't [then] play anything, added a combustible spark just by his presence." Love encouraged Brian to write songs and gave the fledgling band its name: The Pendletones, derived from the Pendleton woolen shirts popular at the time. In their earliest performances, the band wore the heavy wool jacket-like shirts, which were favored by surfers in the South Bay. Although surfing motifs were very prominent in their early songs, Dennis was the only band-member who surfed.[10] He suggested that his brothers compose some songs celebrating his hobby and the lifestyle which had developed around it in Southern California.[11]
Jardine and a singer friend, Gary Winfrey, went to Brian's to see if he could help out with a version of a folk song they wanted to record—"Sloop John B". In Brian's absence, the two spoke with Murry, a music industry veteran of modest success. In September 1961, Murry arranged for The Pendletones to meet publishers Hite and Dorinda Morgan at Stereo Masters in Hollywood.[12] The group performed a slower ballad, "Their Hearts Were Full of Spring", but failed to impress the Morgans. After an awkward pause, Dennis mentioned they had an original song, "Surfin'". Brian was taken aback—he had not finished writing the song—but Hite Morgan was interested and asked them to call back when the song was complete.[11]
With help from Love, Brian finished the song and the group rented guitars, drums, amplifiers and microphones. They practiced for three days while the Wilsons' parents were on a short vacation. When they auditioned again a few days later, Hite Morgan declared: "That's a smash!"[13] In October, The Pendletones recorded twelve takes of "Surfin'" in the Morgans' cramped offices. A small number of singles were pressed. When the boys eagerly unpacked the first box of singles, on the Candix Records label, they were shocked to see their band name changed to "Beach Boys". Murry Wilson, now intimately involved with the band's fortunes, called the Morgans. Apparently a young promotion worker, Russ Regan, made the change to more obviously tie the group in with other surf bands of the time. The limited budget meant the labels could not be reprinted.[14]
Early career[link]
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An excerpt from the Brian Wilson and Mike Love song "I Get Around", demonstrating Mike Love's lead vocals and Carl Wilson's surf-rock-styled guitar solo.
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Released November 1961, "Surfin'" was soon aired on KFWB and KDAY, two of Los Angeles' most influential radio stations. It was a hit on the West Coast, and peaked at number 75 on the national pop charts. Murry Wilson told the boys he did not like "Surfin'". However, according to Brian, "he smelled money to be made and jumped on the promotional bandwagon, calling every radio station..."[15] By now the de-facto manager of The Beach Boys, Murry got the group's first paying gig on New Year's Eve, 1961, at the Ritchie Valens Memorial Dance in Long Beach, headlined by Ike & Tina Turner. Brian recalls how he wondered what they were doing there; "five clean-cut, unworldly white boys from a conservative white suburb, in an auditorium full of black kids". Brian describes the night as an "education"—he knew afterwards that success was all about "R&B, rock and roll, and money". The boys went home with $50 apiece.[16]
In February 1962, Jardine left the band to continue his college studies.[16] David Marks, a thirteen-year-old neighbour and friend of Carl and Dennis who had been playing electric guitar for years with Carl, replaced him. (Jardine, at Brian's request, rejoined the band in July 1963).[17] In 1962, The Beach Boys began wearing blue/gray-striped button-down shirts tucked into white pants as their touring "uniforms", the band's signature look through to 1966.[18]
Though Murry effectively seized managerial control of the band without consultation, Brian acknowledges that he "deserves credit for getting us off the ground... he hounded us mercilessly... [but] also worked hard himself". He was the first to stress the importance of having a follow-up hit.[19] The band duly recorded four more originals, on June 13 at Western Studios, Los Angeles, including "Surfer Girl", "409" and "Surfin' Safari". The session ended on a bitter note, however: Murry Wilson unsuccessfully suggested and then demanded that The Beach Boys record some of his own songs, saying "My songs are better than yours."[20]
On July 16, on the strength of the June demo session, The Beach Boys were signed to Capitol Records. By November, their first album was ready—Surfin' Safari.[21] Their song output continued along the same commercial line, focusing on California youth lifestyle.[10] The early Beach Boys’ hits helped raise both the profile of the state of California and of surfing. The group also celebrated the Golden State’s obsession with hot-rod racing ("Shut Down", "409" and "Little Deuce Coupe") and the pursuit of happiness by carefree teens ("Be True to Your School", "Fun, Fun, Fun" and "I Get Around").[22]
Apart from Murry Wilson and the close vocal harmonies of Brian's favorite groups, early inspiration came from the driving rock-and-roll sound of Chuck Berry and Phil Spector's Wall of Sound production.[23][24] Musically, two of their early songs were influenced by others: "Surfer Girl" shares its rhythmic melody with "When You Wish Upon a Star", while "Surfin' USA" is a variation of Berry's "Sweet Little Sixteen".[25] A lawsuit officially granted Berry writing credit and royalties from the record.[26] The Beach Boys' early hits made them major pop stars in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries, with sixteen hit singles in 1962–1965. However, with the British Invasion in 1964, some British groups, in particular The Beatles, eclipsed their success.
Brian Wilson's innovations and personal difficulties[link]
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This single version of the song is a slightly quicker rocker which features Al Jardine on lead vocals and a guitar solo performed by Carl Wilson.
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By 1964, the stress of road travel, composing, producing and maintaining a high level of creativity became too much to bear for Brian Wilson. In December that year, while on a flight to Houston, Brian suffered an anxiety attack and left the tour. Shortly afterward, he announced his withdrawal from touring to concentrate entirely on songwriting and record production. This wasn't the first time Brian had stopped touring. In 1963, when Jardine returned, Brian left the road; but when Marks quit, Brian had to return in his place. For the rest of 1964 and into 1965, Glen Campbell served as Wilson's replacement in concert, until his own career success required him to leave the group.[27] Bruce Johnston was asked to locate a replacement for Campbell; having failed to find one, Johnston himself subsequently became a full-time member of the band, first replacing Wilson on the road and later contributing his own talents in the studio beginning with the sessions for "California Girls".[28]
Jan and Dean, close friends with the band and their opening act in 1963 and 1964, encouraged Brian to use session musicians in the studio. This, along with Brian's withdrawal from touring, permitted him to expand his role as a producer. Wilson also wrote "Surf City" for the Jan & Dean opening act. Their recording hit number one on the US charts in the summer of 1963, a development that pleased Brian but angered Murry, who felt his son had "given away" what should have been the Beach Boys' first chart-topper. A year later, The Beach Boys would notch their first number-one single with "I Get Around."
Soon, traces of Brian Wilson's increasing studio productivity and innovation were noticeable: "Drive-In", an album track from All Summer Long (1964) features bars of silence between two verses while "Denny's Drums", the last track on Shut Down, Vol. II (1964), is a two-minute drum solo.[29] As Wilson's musical efforts became more ambitious, the group relied more on nimble session players, on tracks such as "I Get Around" and "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)". "Help Me, Rhonda" became the band's second number-one single in the spring of 1965.
1965 led to greater experimentation behind the soundboard with Wilson. The album Today! featured guitar orientated songs such as "Dance, Dance, Dance", "Do You Wanna Dance?", "Don't Hurt My Little Sister" and "Good To My Baby", as well as volume experiments and increased lyrical maturity with "Please Let Me Wonder" and "She Knows Me Too Well".[30][31] Side A of the album was devoted to upbeat tunes, with darker and melancholic ballads on the reverse side.[32] This pattern was also evident on some of the band's singles; songs such as "Kiss Me, Baby" released on the B-side to "Help Me, Rhonda" and "Let Him Run Wild" on the B-side to "California Girls", each featured Brian Wilson on lead vocals, and foreshadowed the youthful angst that would later pervade Wilson's upcoming efforts.
In November 1965, the group followed up their number-three summer smash "California Girls" with another top 20 single, "The Little Girl I Once Knew". It is considered to be the band's most experimental statement thus far, using silence as a pre-chorus, clashing keyboards, moody brass, and vocal tics. Perhaps too extreme an arrangement to go much higher than its modest number 20 peak, it was only the band's second single not to reach the top 10 since their 1962 breakthrough. In December they would score an unexpected number two hit (number three in the UK) with the single "Barbara Ann", which Capitol released as a single without input from any of The Beach Boys. A cover of a 1961 song by The Regents, it became one of The Beach Boys' most recognized hits over the years.
The peak years and psychedelia[link]
During the mid sixties, The Beach Boys left surfing behind and began to write surreal, melodramatic and revolutionary songs. The group was exploring similar musical tastes to other contemporaneous acts, such as The Byrds and The Yardbirds.[34][35] During their psychedelic period, The Beach Boys started to use unconventional instruments and elaborate layers of vocal harmonies on their groundbreaking record Pet Sounds.[36][37] A heralding album in the emerging psychedelic rock style, Pet Sounds has been championed and emulated for its experimental and revolutionary baroque instrumentation.[38][39] In the same year, they released "Good Vibrations", one of their greatest and most well known songs.[40] The song made use of a Tannerin (an easier-to-manipulate version of a Theremin) which helped them claim a new hippie audience.[41][42] However, as with Brian Jones and Syd Barrett, Brian Wilson's use of psychedelic drugs, especially LSD, led to a nervous breakdown.[43] This resulted in the shelving of the intended follow up to Pet Sounds, Smile (the project would finally emerge in 2004 and 2011).[44]
[edit] Pet Sounds
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God Only Knows broke new ground in many ways. It was one of the first commercial songs to use the word 'God' in its title. The song was also far more technically sophisticated than anything the Beach Boys, or arguably any group, had ever attempted before.
Wouldn't It Be Nice is one of the most well known songs in the group's canon. Unlike the majority of songs on Pet Sounds, "Wouldn't It Be Nice" is a whimsical track; but still manages to incorporate a mature and poignant sound.
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In December 1965, The Beatles released Rubber Soul, an album which enthralled Brian Wilson. Until then, each Beach Boys album (like most rock albums) contained a few "filler tracks" like cover songs or even stitched-together comedy bits. Wilson found Rubber Soul filled with all-original songs and, more importantly, all good ones, none of them filler. Inspired, he rushed to his wife and proclaimed, "Marilyn, I'm gonna make the greatest album! The greatest rock album ever made!"[45]
The result was Pet Sounds (1966), where Wilson's growing mastery of studio recording and his increasingly sophisticated songs and complex arrangements would reach a creative peak. Influenced by psychedelic drugs, Brian Wilson turned his attention inward and probed his deep-seated self-doubts and emotional longings.[38] The Beach Boys didn't look at the problems in the world around them, unlike other psychedelic rock groups.[38] The album's meticulously layered harmonies and inventive instrumentation (performed by the cream of Los Angeles session musicians known as The Wrecking Crew) set a new standard for pop and rock music.[46] It remains one of the most evocative releases of the decade, with distinctive strains of lushness, melancholy, and nostalgia for youth. The tracks "Wouldn't It Be Nice" and "God Only Knows" showcased Wilson's growing mastery as a composer, arranger, and producer,[10] as did "Caroline, No", which was issued as a Brian Wilson solo single, the only time he was credited as a solo artist during the early Capitol years. The album also included two sophisticated instrumental tracks, the quiet and wistful "Let's Go Away for Awhile" and the brittle brassy surf of the title track, "Pet Sounds". Despite the critical praise it received, Pet Sounds was indifferently promoted by Capitol, and failed to become the major hit Wilson had hoped it would be.[47] Its failure to gain wider recognition hurt him deeply.[48] Although it only reached number 10 in the US, it was a much better seller in the UK.
Because of his withdrawal from touring, Wilson was able to complete almost all the backing tracks for the album while The Beach Boys were on tour in Japan. They returned to find a substantially complete album, requiring only their vocals to finish it off. There was some resistance from within the band to this new direction. Lead singer Mike Love is reported to have been strongly opposed to it, calling it "Brian's ego music", and warning the composer not to "fuck with the formula".[49] Other group members also fretted that the band would lose its core audience if they changed their successful musical blueprint. Another likely factor in Love's antipathy to Pet Sounds was that Wilson worked extensively on it with outside lyricist Tony Asher rather than with Love himself, who had co-written the lyrics for, and sung lead on, many of their early hits.[50]
[edit] Good Vibrations
"With the 1966 Pet Sounds album, and then songs like "Good Vibrations" and "Heroes and Villains", Wilson had become America's equivalent of The Beatles with his ability to expand the limits of popular taste."
Robin Denselow writing for The Guardian, September 1976[51]
Seeking to expand on the advances made on Pet Sounds, Wilson began an even more ambitious project, originally dubbed Dumb Angel; in due course the project would become known as Smile.[52] Its first fruit was "Good Vibrations", which Brian described as a "pocket symphony".[38] The song became the Beach Boys' biggest hit to date and a US and UK number-one single in 1966; many critics consider it to be one of the best rock singles of all time. It was one of the most complex pop productions ever undertaken, and was reputed to have been the most expensive American single ever recorded at that time. Costing a reported $16,000, more than most albums, sessions for the song stretched over several months in at least three major studios. According to Wilson, the electro-theremin work itself cost $15,000.[53]
In contrast to his work on Pet Sounds, Wilson adopted a modular approach to "Good Vibrations": he broke the song into sections and taped multiple versions of each at different studios to take advantage of the different sound and ambience of each facility.[54] He then assembled his favorite sections into a master backing track and added vocals. The song's innovative instrumentation included drums, Hammond organ, piano, tack piano, two basses, guitars, electro-theremin, harmonica, and cello. The group members recall the "Good Vibrations" vocal sessions as among the most demanding of their career.[48]
[edit] Smile
File:Brian Wilson I Just Wasn't Made For These Times.png
Brian Wilson during the Pet Sounds and Smile sessions wearing his short-lived glasses.
While putting the finishing touches on Pet Sounds, and just beginning work on "Good Vibrations", Brian Wilson met musician and songwriter Van Dyke Parks.[55] In mid-1966, Brian and Parks began an intense collaboration that resulted in a suite of challenging new songs for the Beach Boys' next album, which was eventually named Smile.[56] Using the same techniques as on "Good Vibrations", recording began in August 1966 and carried on into early 1967. Although the structure of the album and the exact running order of the songs have been the subjects of endless speculation, it is known that Wilson and Parks intended Smile to be a continuous suite of songs that were linked both thematically and musically, with the main songs being linked together by small vocal pieces and instrumental segments that elaborated upon the musical themes of the major songs.
But some of the other Beach Boys found the new music too difficult and too far removed from their established style.[citation needed] Another serious concern was that the new music was simply not feasible for live performance by the current Beach Boys lineup. Love was opposed to most of Parks' lyrics; he has also since stated that he was deeply concerned about Wilson's escalating drug intake.[citation needed] The problems came to a head during the recording of "Cabin Essence", when Love asked that Parks explain the meaning of the closing refrain of the song, "Over and over the crow cries uncover the cornfield." After a heated debate, Parks walked out of the session, and shortly thereafter his partnership with Wilson came to an end.
Many factors combined to put intense pressure on Brian Wilson as Smile neared completion: his own mental instability, the pressure to create against fierce internal opposition to his new music, the relatively unenthusiastic public response to Pet Sounds, Carl Wilson's draft resistance, and a major dispute with Capitol Records. Further, Wilson's reliance on both prescription and illegal drugs, amphetamines in particular, only exacerbated his underlying mental health problems. In May 1967, Smile was shelved, and over the next thirty years, the legends surrounding Smile grew until it became the most famous unreleased album in the history of popular music.[57]
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One of the Beach Boys' defining songs and their most well known psychedelic track. It was The Beach Boys' third U.S. number-one hit.
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However, some of the tracks were salvaged and re-recorded at Brian's new home studio, albeit in drastically scaled-down versions. These were released, along with the single version of "Good Vibrations" and a re-recorded "Heroes and Villains", on the 1967 LP Smiley Smile. The album proved to be a critical and commercial disaster for the group, peaking at only number 41 in the US.[58] By this time The Beach Boys' management (Nick Grillo and David Anderle) had created the band's own record label, Brother. One of the first labels to be owned by a rock group, the purpose of Brother Records was for releases by Beach Boys side projects, and an invitation for new talent. The output of the label, however, was limited to Smiley Smile and two resulting singles from the album; the failure of "Gettin' Hungry" made the band shelve the Brother label until 1970. Compounding these setbacks, the group's public image took another hit following their withdrawal from the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival.
Despite the cancellation of Smile, interest in the work remained high and versions of several major tracks—including "Our Prayer", "Cabin Essence", "Cool, Cool Water", and "Surf's Up"—continued to trickle out. Many were assembled by Carl Wilson over the next few years and included on later albums. The band was still expecting to complete and release Smile as late as 1972, before it became clear that Brian had been the only one who could have made sense out of the endless fragments that were recorded. The full Smile project did not surface until the 2000s, when Wilson reunited with Parks to complete its writing. Subsequently, Wilson released the re-recorded Smile in 2004 as a solo album.[44]
Mid-career changes[link]
The 1967 album Wild Honey, regarded by some as another classic, features songs written by Wilson and Love, including the hit "Darlin'" and a rendition of Stevie Wonder's "I Was Made to Love Her". The album fared better than its predecessor in the charts, reaching number 24 in the US. The following album Friends (1968) was partly influenced by the group's (especially Love's) adoption of the practice of Transcendental Meditation. The title song "Friends" was their least successful single since 1962, charting at number 47. This was followed by the hard rocking single "Do It Again", a return to the formula of their early years.[59] Moderately successful in the US at number 20, the single went to top of the UK single charts in 1968 for one week. The album, however, bombed; Friends could only peak at number 126 in the US.
As Brian's mental and physical health deteriorated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, his song output diminished; he eventually became withdrawn and detached from the band. To fill his creative void, the other members began writing and producing songs. Carl Wilson gradually took over leadership of the band, developing into an accomplished producer. To complete their contract with Capitol, they produced one more album. 20/20 (1969) was one of the group's most diverse albums ranging from waltz-based songs like "Time to Get Alone" to its remake of The Ronettes' "I Can Hear Music" to hard rock songs such as "Do It Again", "Bluebirds Over the Mountain", and "All I Want to Do"; the nearest thing to heavy metal in the group's canon with its blazing and savage guitars.[60][61] The diversity and heaviness of some of the songs on the album were a sign that the group were trying to establish their identity.[62] Another flop, it still fared better than Friends, reaching number 68 on the Billboard charts.
In 1969, The Beach Boys reactivated their Brother Records label and signed with Reprise Records. With the new contract, the band appeared rejuvenated, releasing the album Sunflower to critical acclaim. Sunflower is recognized as a complete group effort, with all band members contributing significant material, such as "Add Some Music to Your Day", Brian's "This Whole World", Dennis's "Forever" and Bruce Johnston's "Tears in the Morning". However, the band experienced their worst chart performance ever, peaking at number 151, although the single "Cottonfields"—which appeared on European releases of Sunflower—hit the top five in the UK. Brian, who had shown signs of mental and physical recovery during this period, was devastated by the lack of success and once again slowly began to withdraw.
After Sunflower, the band hired Jack Rieley as their manager. Rieley chose a different direction for the group, emphasizing, among other things, political and social awareness. The result was Surf's Up, featuring Brian's Smile centerpiece, "Surf's Up". The song was virtually the same arrangement as Brian's 1966 version, with Carl adding vocals and overdubs. Carl's "Long Promised Road" and "Feel Flows" with lyrics by Rieley are also standouts on the record. The track "A Day In The Life Of A Tree" was sung by Rieley. Brian contributed one of his best songs,[citation needed] "'Til I Die", which almost did not make the album sequencing. Johnston produced the classic "Disney Girls (1957)", a throwback to the easier, simpler times they remembered. Johnston ended his first stint with the band shortly after the record's release, reportedly because of friction with Rieley. The album was moderately successful, reaching the US top 30, a marked improvement over their recent releases. While the record charted, The Beach Boys added to their re-found fame by performing a near-sellout set at Carnegie Hall, and followed that with a famous appearance with the Grateful Dead at Fillmore East on April 27, 1971.
The addition of Ricky Fataar and Blondie Chaplin in February 1972, led to a dramatic departure in sound for the band. The album Carl and the Passions – "So Tough" was an uncharacteristic mix that included several songs drawn from Fataar and Chaplin's previous group, Flame, considered by many listeners nearly unrecognizable as Beach Boys songs. Although it has its supporters, the album is widely considered to be one of the group's most unfocused and inconsistent.[63] It did not make an impact on the charts.
The Beach Boys came up with an ambitious plan for their next project. The band, their families, assorted associates, and technicians moved to the Netherlands for the summer of 1972, renting a farmhouse to convert into a makeshift studio. By the end of their sessions the band felt they had come up with one of their best efforts yet. Reprise, however, felt that the album was weak. After some wrangling, the band asked Brian to come up with commercial material. This resulted in the song "Sail On, Sailor", a collaboration between Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks, which became one of the most emblematic Beach Boys songs. Reprise approved and the resulting album Holland was released early in 1973, peaking at number 37 on the Billboard album chart. Brian's storytale Mount Vernon and Fairway (A Fairy Tale), narrated by Rieley, which was directly influenced by Randy Newman's Sail Away LP, was included as a "bonus" extended play (EP). Holland proved that the band could still produce contemporary songs with wide (if not mass) appeal.
Despite record-label indifference, the band's concert audience started to grow. The Beach Boys in Concert, a double album documenting the 1972 and 1973 US tours, was another top 30 hit and became the band's first gold record for Reprise. It was during this period that The Beach Boys became widely known as one of America's most popular live acts. Chaplin and Fataar orchestrated the concerts in order to obtain a high quality live performance act, and The Beach Boys could draw upon over a decade of high quality music with which to supplement their current material off Surf's Up, Carl and the Passions and Holland. It was this very well-orchestrated concert arrangement which would soon send them back into American public recognition.
[edit] Endless Summer
In the summer of 1974, Capitol, in consultation with Love, released a double album compilation of The Beach Boys' pre-Pet Sounds hits. Endless Summer, helped by a sunny, colorful graphic cover, caught the mood of the nation and surged to the top of the Billboard album charts, a first for the band. It was the group's first multi-million selling record since "Good Vibrations", and remained on the album chart for three years.[64] The following year, Capitol released another compilation, Spirit of America, which also sold well. With these compilations, The Beach Boys became relevant again, propelling themselves from being the opening act for Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young to headliners selling out basketball arenas. Rolling Stone magazine named The Beach Boys the "Band of the Year" for 1974, solely for their juggernaut touring schedule and material written over a decade earlier.
Manager Jack Rieley, who remained in the Netherlands after Holland's release, was relieved of his managerial duties in late 1973. Blondie Chaplin also left the band in late 1973 after an argument with Steve Love, the band's business manager (and Mike's brother). Ricky Fataar stayed until fall 1974, when he was offered a chance to join a new group led by future Eagles member Joe Walsh. Chaplin's replacement, James William Guercio, started offering the group career advice that turned out to be so smart and sensible that eventually he became the band's new manager. Under Guercio, The Beach Boys staged a highly successful 1975 joint concert tour with Chicago, with each group performing some of the other's songs, including their previous year's collaboration on Chicago's hit "Wishing You Were Here". Beach Boys vocals were also heard on Elton John's 1974 hit "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me".
Nostalgia had settled into The Beach Boys' hype; the group had not officially released any albums of new material since 1973's Holland. While their concerts continuously sold out, the stage act slowly changed from contemporary presentation/oldies encores to an entire show composed of mostly pre-1967 music.
Brian Wilson's return[link]
15 Big Ones (1976) marked the return of Brian Wilson as a major force in the group in that it was the first album he produced since Pet Sounds. This album included several new songs composed by Brian, and several of his arrangements of favorite old songs by other artists, including "Rock and Roll Music" (which made number five), "Blueberry Hill", and "In the Still of the Night". Brian and Love's "It's OK" was yet another return to their earlier "summertime fun" style, and was a moderate hit. The album was publicized by an NBC TV special, telecast in August 1976, simply titled "The Beach Boys", which was produced by Saturday Night Live creator Lorne Michaels and featured appearances by SNL cast members John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd.
For the remainder of 1976 to early 1977, Brian Wilson spent his time making sporadic public appearances and producing the band's next LP Love You, a quirky collection of 14 songs mostly written by Brian alone, including more "fun" songs ("Honkin' Down the Highway"), a mature love song ("The Night Was So Young")—a mix ranging from infectious to touching to downright silly. Despite its flaws, Love You is one of the more popular offerings in The Beach Boys' later oeuvre. Many sources cited the album as a return to the group's roots.
After Love You, Brian's contributions began to decline over the next several albums until he again virtually withdrew from the group. The follow up album to Love You, known by its working title "Adult/Child" never materialised despite being mostly recorded. Some of the tracks from Adult/Child subsequently made it onto later Beach Boys albums. His appearances with the band in concert diminished. His performances became erratic, his recordings uninspired. Despite the much-publicized "Brian's Back" campaign in the late 1970s, most critics believed the group was past its prime, and that Brian Wilson would be the latest in a long line of celebrity drug casualties. The Beach Boys' last release on Reprise, M.I.U. Album (1978), was recorded at Maharishi International University in Iowa at the insistence of Love. Dennis and Carl made limited contributions to the project; the album was mostly produced by Jardine and Ron Altbach, with Brian appearing as "Executive Producer". Regardless, despite a handful of interesting tracks, M.I.U. was largely a contractual obligation to finish out their association with Reprise, who likewise did not promote the album. The record also proved to be a strongly dividing element in the group and split it between Mike Love and Al Jardine on one side desiring to focus on oldies material with Carl and Dennis on the other hand wishing to resume the progressive roots rock focus they had created with the albums Carl And The Passions and Holland in the early 1970s. This division resulted in Dennis effectively retiring from the group in order to focus on his second solo album and follow-up to Pacific Ocean Blue entitled Bambu. However alcohol abuse and collapsing marital problems overcame the Wilson brothers with Bambu being shelved and Carl appearing drunk at live concerts in their disastrous 1978 Australia tour. Meanwhile Brian again fell into deep mental illness and retired completely from recording and live performances with the group.
At the same time of the M.I.U. Album release, The Beach Boys signed with CBS Records. They received a substantial advance and reportedly agreed to a guaranteed minimum of one million dollars per album. However, CBS was not satisfied with preliminary reviews of their first product—L.A. (Light Album). The band realized at this point that Brian either could not or would not write and produce the required material. As a stop-gap measure, Bruce Johnston returned to the group as both a member and a producer. The Brian and Carl song "Good Timin'" became a US top 40 single. The album featured outstanding performances by both Dennis (cuts intended for his second solo effort Bambu) and Carl ("Full Sail"). The group also enjoyed moderate success (if not indifferently received) with a disco reworking of the song "Here Comes the Night", originally on the Wild Honey album.
In 1980, the band recorded and released Keepin' the Summer Alive. Again, Johnston was in the producer's role as well as performing on the album. Brian contributed some inspired production ideas occasionally as seen in the television special the band made for the album's release. Even though Dennis Wilson was credited (his drumming is heard on the group's cover version of Chuck Berry's "School Days"), this was the first Beach Boys album not to feature him (due to his ongoing personal problems). He was not in the Going Platinum television special and was asked not to participate in the recording. Carl Wilson had discovered a young talented drummer, vocalist and multi-instrumentalist by the name of Scott Mathews and though Mathews was signed to Capitol, Carl asked him to join the band. Mathews jumped at the chance to record with his long-time heroes but ultimately chose not to join the band because of his blossoming career as a producer and songwriter, and a dislike for touring.[citation needed]
1980s–present[link]
From 1980 through 1982, The Beach Boys and The Grass Roots performed Independence Day concerts at the National Mall in Washington, D.C., attracting large crowds.[65][66] However, in April 1983, James G. Watt, President Ronald Reagan's Secretary of the Interior, banned Independence Day concerts on the Mall by such groups. Watt said that "rock bands" that had performed on the Mall on Independence Day in 1981 and 1982 had encouraged drug use and alcoholism and had attracted "the wrong element", who would mug people and families attending any similar events in the future.[66] During the ensuing uproar, The Beach Boys stated that the Soviet Union, which had invited them to perform in Leningrad in 1978, "obviously .... did not feel that the group attracted the wrong element".[66] Vice President George H. W. Bush said of The Beach Boys, "They're my friends and I like their music".[66] Watt apologized to the band after learning that President Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan were fans of The Beach Boys.[67] White House staff presented Watt with a plaster foot with a hole in it, symbolizing his having shot himself in the foot with his decision.[68] On July 4, 1983, The Beach Boys performed a free concert on the beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey, then, in 1984, The Beach Boys returned to Washington D.C. to give an Independence Day concert on the Mall to an audience of 750,000 people.[69][70]
Meanwhile, Dennis Wilson's personal problems continued to escalate, and on December 28, 1983, he drowned while diving from a friend's boat, trying to recover items he had previously thrown overboard in fits of rage. Despite his death, The Beach Boys continued as a successful touring act. On July 4, 1985, the Beach Boys played to an afternoon crowd of one million in Philadelphia and the same evening they performed for over 750,000 people on the Mall in Washington (the day's historic achievement was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records). They also appeared nine days later at the Live Aid concert. That year, they released the eponymous album The Beach Boys and enjoyed a resurgence of interest later in the 1980s, assisted by tributes such as David Lee Roth's hit version of "California Girls". In 1987, they played with the rap group The Fat Boys, performing the song "Wipe Out" and filming a video for it.
In 1988, they scored their first number-one hit single in 22 years with "Kokomo", which was written for the movie Cocktail, becoming their biggest-selling hit ever. It was written by John Phillips, Scott McKenzie, Mike Love, and Terry Melcher. Having been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame earlier in the year, the group became the second artist after Aretha Franklin to hit #1 in the U.S. after their induction. Riding on "Kokomo"'s steam, The Beach Boys quickly put out the album Still Cruisin', which went gold in the US and gave them their best chart showing since 1976. In 1990, the band, with the help of studio musicians, recorded the Melcher-produced title track of the comedy Problem Child. Actor John Stamos later appeared behind the drums in the "Problem Child" music video and later appeared singing lead vocals on "Forever" (written by Dennis Wilson) on their 1992 album Summer in Paradise. Ultimately, the album was the first album by the group to use Pro-Tools, was made without any input from Brian Wilson — as he will still in the process of recovery from mental illness — and was met with extremely poor critical response and commercial sales; thereafter, it would be their last album containing original material.
Members of the band appeared on television shows such as Full House, Home Improvement, and Baywatch in the late 1980s and 1990s, as well as touring regularly. In 1993 the band appeared in Michael Feeney Callan's film The Beach Boys Today, which included in-depth interviews with all members, except Brian Wilson. In the film Carl Wilson confided to Callan his belief that Brian would shortly record again with the band. In 1995, Brian Wilson appeared in the critically acclaimed documentary I Just Wasn't Made for These Times, which saw him performing for the first time with his now-adult daughters, Wendy and Carnie of the group Wilson Phillips. The documentary also included glowing tributes to his talents from a host of major music stars of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
In February 1996, The Beach Boys guested with Status Quo on a re-recording of "Fun, Fun, Fun", which was a British Top 30 hit. In June, the group worked with comedian Jeff Foxworthy on the recording "Howdy From Maui", and released an album of their own material with country recording artists as guest stars, including Willie Nelson.
For the Summer Tour of 1997, Carl chose to travel and perform with the band, despite his medical burdens. After years of heavy smoking, Carl Wilson succumbed to lung and brain cancer on February 6, 1998 following a long battle with the disease. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston continued to tour as the Beach Boys; Brian Wilson and Al Jardine each developed new bands. David Marks has had a steady solo career. Each of their tours remain reliable draws, and Wilson and Jardine are both still legally members of the Beach Boys organization.
On June 13, 2006, the major surviving Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Love, Jardine, Johnston and Marks) gathered for a celebration of the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds and the double-platinum certification of their greatest hits compilation, Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of The Beach Boys, in a ceremony atop the Capitol Records building in Hollywood. Plaques were awarded for their efforts to all major members, with Brian Wilson accepting on behalf of his late brothers. On August 21, 2010 the Beach Boys opened for Bryan Adams at Empire Field in Vancouver, BC for the 100th year of the PNE.
In February 2011, The Beach Boys released "Don't Fight the Sea", a charity single to aid the victims of the 2011 Japan earthquake. The single, released on Al Jardine's 2011 album A Postcard From California featured Jardine, Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston as well as old vocals recorded by the late Carl Wilson. The Beach Boys also celebrated their 50th anniversary as a group and released the long-awaited Smile album in the form of The Smile Sessions in November, after a 44-year wait, as a set of 2 CDs, a vinyl double album and a 5 CD boxset.
50th anniversary reunion[link]
Main article: The Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Reunion Tour
In late 2010 reports began to circulate that the surviving members of the Beach Boys would reunite for a 50th Anniversary tour and album. Despite some uncertainty [71] and initial denials,[72] on December 16, 2011, it was announced that Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, Bruce Johnston and David Marks would reunite for a new album and 50th anniversary tour in 2012 that would include a performance at the New Orleans Jazz Festival in April.[73]
On February 12, 2012, the Beach Boys performed at the 2012 Grammy Awards, in what was billed as a "special performance" by organizers. It marked the group's first live performance to include Brian since 1996.[74] This anniversary band lineup performed "Good Vibrations" with Adam Levine and Mark Foster, after Maroon 5 opened the set with "Surfer Girl" and Foster the People played "Wouldn't It Be Nice" during the ceremony. On February 16, 2012, dates for their tour were announced, which includes shows in the US, Canada, and Europe.
Wilson and Love discussed the upcoming album and tour in a interview on February 16, 2012. The duo said the album is halfway done with Wilson doing the writing and stating that all of the songs will flow into each other. The album will end with a Pet Sounds- and Smile-inspired suite. One track titled, "That's Why God Made the Radio" is filled with classic Beach Boys harmonies and one of their best songs ever, according to Wilson. Love stated the band has yet to rehearse for the upcoming tour saying they have a lot of songs to choose from and both Bruce Johnston and Al Jardine will perform the songs they sang lead on. With so many songs fans want to hear, Wilson and Love remain unsure how many new songs will make the setlists. When asked if the two were friends now after the lawsuits, Wilson responded "just a lawsuit", and Love stated it was all in the distant past.[75]
Al Jardine stated in a interview on February 25, 2012, that Carl Wilson's voice will be featured on the new album. Jardine said he found a song Carl had sung on and recorded and it will be used on the new song, "Waves of Love". Jardine said he only wished there was a way to include Dennis Wilson as well. As for the upcoming tour, Jardine said that he hopes the group goes deep into their back catalog and performs songs that haven't been performed live in a long time, such as "Lonely Sea" and "Farmer's Daughter". Bruce Johnston said of the upcoming tour that the group will have to live up to their own legend. Johnston was responding to claims by some in the media that the group lip-synched their performance at the Grammy Awards, which the group strongly denies. Johnston said "I never hoped for [a reunion], because I never thought any of us wanted to do it. We have probably, you know, the presidential honeymoon of six months but then we have to show something to keep it going. We have to make sure we have a great flowing song list but also make sure we don't sound like a greatest-hits band. We have a lot to balance."[76]
The Beach Boys appeared at the April 10, 2012, season opener for the Los Angeles Dodgers and performed "Surfer Girl" along with "The Star-Spangled Banner".
The group performed together and was interviewed in a special SiriusXM concert which was recorded on April 19, 2012, in Los Angeles and aired on May 26, 2012.[77]
On May 1, 2012, Walmart scheduled an exclusive limited edition 50th Anniversary Collection 'ZinePak, to include a 72 page magazine with rare photos and new interviews with the group, as well as an 11-song CD including the group's recent re-recording of "Do It Again".[78] The reunion album, That's Why God Made the Radio, is set for release on June 5, 2012. [79] The first single from the album, "That's Why God Made the Radio" made its national radio debut April 25, 2012, on ESPN's Mike and Mike in the Morning.[80][81] and was released on iTunes and other digial platforms on April 26.[82] Other album tracks will include "Shelter" and "The Private Life of Bill and Sue", midtempo songs written by Wilson. According to Bruce Johnston, all of the songs are originals, no cover songs, no guest musicians on the album. Each band member sings lead on at least one of the songs while Johnston contributed one song titled, "She Believes in Love Again", a song he wrote in 1985 (and was recorded by the band on that year's The Beach Boys); however he said he was unsure if the song would make the final cut since the label picks the album's tracks, not the band. Johnston compares the album to one of the band's least-successful albums but fan favorite, Sunflower while Al Jardine said the album is "very lush, very PetSound-ing".[83][84]
PBS's Front Row Center will air a 90-minute special on June 7, 2012, entitled The Beach Boys: Summer's Gone.[85]
While there are no plans to do so, Brian Wilson has claimed that he would like to make another Beach Boys album following the tour. "This time I would like to do some rock n' roll," Wilson says. "I would like it to be a bit harder and faster" Wilson further stated.[86]
Court battles[link]
Many legal difficulties developed from Brian Wilson's psychological problems. In the early 1980s, the band hired controversial therapist Eugene Landy in an attempt to help Wilson. Landy did achieve some significant improvements in Wilson's overall condition; from his own admissions about his massive drug intake, it was highly likely that Wilson would have died if Landy had not intervened. Landy successfully treated Wilson's drug dependence, and by 1988 Wilson had recovered sufficiently to record his first solo album, Brian Wilson. But Landy became increasingly possessive of his star patient. After accusations that Landy was using his control over Wilson for his own benefit, the band successfully entreated the courts to separate Landy from Wilson.
In addition to the challenges over the use of the band's name and over the best way to care for Wilson, there have been three significant legal cases involving The Beach Boys in recent years. The first was Wilson's suit to reclaim the rights to his songs and the group's publishing company, Sea of Tunes, which he had signed away to his father in 1969. He successfully argued that he had not been mentally fit to make an informed decision. While Wilson failed to regain his copyrights, he was awarded $25 million for unpaid royalties.
The second lawsuit stemmed from Wilson's reclamation of his publishing rights. Soon after Wilson won his Sea of Tunes case in 1989, Love discovered Murry Wilson did not properly credit him as co-writer on dozens of popular Beach Boys songs. With Love and Brian Wilson unable to determine exactly what Love was properly owed, Love sued Wilson in 1992 to gain credit for his co-authorship of a number of important Beach Boys songs, winning $13 million in 1994 for lost royalties. In interviews, Love revealed that on some songs he wrote most of the lyrics, on others only a line or two. Even though Love sued Wilson, both parties said in interviews that there was no malice between them; they simply couldn't come up with an agreeable settlement by themselves.
However in November 2005, Love filed yet another lawsuit against Wilson and his management. Love alleged that Wilson’s representatives and the UK publication The Mail on Sunday gave the false impression to readers that their joint promotional giveaway of nearly three million copies of the Good Vibrations CD was authorized by Love and The Beach Boys. This free CD, Love alleged, includes five of Love and Wilson’s co-authored hit Beach Boys songs, and was done to promote Wilson's solo CD, Smile. Love also claimed that Smile and Good Vibrations were marketed using The Beach Boys’ names and images without permission. The complaint sought several million dollars in damages, and also a million dollars to cover costs of advertising to correct the perceived "damage to the band's reputation". Love stated at the time: "Once again the people around Brian... have used him for their own financial gain without regard to his rights, or my rights, or even the rights of the estates of his deceased brothers, Carl and Dennis, and their children... Unfortunately, history repeats itself. Because of Brian’s mental issues he has always been vulnerable to manipulation. I simply want to stop the infringers and stop the deception!"[87]
There has been speculation that Love's lawsuit was an attempt to pressure Wilson into agreeing to let him continue to use the profitable Beach Boys name for his and Johnston's touring efforts.[87] Wilson's lawyers suggested in legal filings that Love was seeking to assert, as personal claims, the rights of the corporate holder of The Beach Boys trademark, Brother Records International, in which Love and Wilson are both shareholders.[88] Wilson’s website listed the following statement in response: "The lawsuit against Brian is meritless. While he will vigorously defend himself he is deeply saddened that his cousin Mike Love has sunk to these depths for his own financial gain."
Love's 2005 lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice in May 2007 as to all the defendants, including Wilson. In a series of rulings, the court rejected all of Love's claims, including the claim that Smile was a Beach Boys project as to which Love deserved compensation from Wilson directly.[89] The court subsequently ruled that Love had to pay the legal fees of all the defendants as well.[90]
Legacy[link]
The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988,[91] with Mike Love delivering a speech that assailed Mick Jagger, Paul McCartney and the Beatles, Bruce Springsteen, Billy Joel and Diana Ross. Bob Dylan subsequently took the stage and thanked Love for not mentioning him, lightening the mood. [92] The band was chosen for the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998.[93] In 2001, the group received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Brian Wilson was inducted into the UK Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in November 2006.[94] In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked the Beach Boys No.12 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[95] In 2007, the Beach Boys were inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.[93] During the 2011 Yale Master’s Tea, guest lecturer and music CEO Jeff Pollack described the Beach Boys as being “one of the most influential and underrated bands of all time, with a vocal style and harmonies that were unmatched by any other band, then or now”.[96][97]
The group's 1966 releases—Pet Sounds and "Good Vibrations"—frequently rank among critics' lists of the greatest albums and singles of all time. Pet Sounds is on the greatest-albums lists Time,[98] Rolling Stone, New Musical Express, Mojo, and The Times. The record was profoundly influential on The Beach Boys' contemporaries; Paul McCartney named it one of his favorite albums of all time (with "God Only Knows" as his all-time favorite song). McCartney has frequently said that it was the inspiration behind the seminal Beatles' album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Echoing this sentiment, Beatles producer George Martin is quoted saying, "Pepper was an attempt to equal Pet Sounds."[99]
The Wilsons' Hawthorne, California house, where the Wilson brothers grew up and the group began, was demolished in 1986 to make way for Interstate 105, the Century Freeway. A Beach Boys Historic Landmark (California Landmark #1041 at 3701 West 119th Street), dedicated on May 20, 2005, marks the location.
Discography[link]
Main article: The Beach Boys discography
- Surfin' Safari (1962)
- Surfin' USA (1963)
- Surfer Girl (1963)
- Little Deuce Coupe (1963)
- Shut Down Volume 2 (1964)
- All Summer Long (1964)
- The Beach Boys' Christmas Album (1964)
- Today! (1965)
- Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) (1965)
- Beach Boys' Party! (1965)
- Pet Sounds (1966)
- Smiley Smile (1967)
- Wild Honey (1967)
- Friends (1968)
- 20/20 (1969)
- Sunflower (1970)
- Surf's Up (1971)
- Carl and the Passions – "So Tough" (1972)
- Holland (1973)
- 15 Big Ones (1976)
- Love You (1977)
- M.I.U. Album (1978)
- L.A. (Light Album) (1979)
- Keepin' the Summer Alive (1980)
- The Beach Boys (1985)
- Still Cruisin' (1989)
- Summer in Paradise (1992)
- Stars and Stripes Vol. 1 (1996)
- Smile (The Smile Sessions, recorded 1966/67) (2011)
- That's Why God Made the Radio (2012)[79]
See also[link]
References[link]
- Whitburn, Joel, The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 1992.
- Wilson, Brian (with Todd Gold), Wouldn't It Be Nice, My Own Story, 1991.
- Complete Guide To The Music Of The Beach Boys, a book updated in 2004 as Brian Wilson & The Beach Boys: The Complete Guide To Their Music, author Andrew Grayham Doe.
- Endless Summer Quarterly Endless Summer Quarterly, the "World's Leading Beach Boys Publication"
Notes[link]
- ^ Badman, pp. 34–150
- ^ "Still America's Band: The Beach Boys Today" Kevin M. Cherry. National Review. Published July 8, 2002. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
- ^ a b Allmusic "The Beach Boys – Overview". John Bush. Allmusic. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ^ Wilson, p. 34.
- ^ Wilson, p. 35.
- ^ Wilson, pp. 37-39.
- ^ Wilson, p. 41.
- ^ Wilson, p. 43.
- ^ a b c "Show 20 – Forty Miles of Bad Road: Some of the best from rock 'n' roll's dark ages. [Part 1] : UNT Digital Library". Digital.library.unt.edu. 2011-10-16. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19770/m1/. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ a b Wilson, p. 46.
- ^ Wilson, p. 45.
- ^ Wilson, p. 48.
- ^ Wilson, p. 51.
- ^ Wilson, p. 52.
- ^ a b Wilson, p. 53.
- ^ a b "The Beach Boys". The Beach Boys. http://www.thebeachboys.com/home.aspx. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ^ Wilson, p. 44.
- ^ Wilson, p. 54.
- ^ Wilson, p. 55.
- ^ "Richie Unterberger review of Surfin' Safari". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r1405. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
- ^ "Hot rod rock". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/hot-rod-d2780. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ O'Hagan, Sean. "Feature: A Boy's own story". Review, The Observer (Guardian Media Group) (January 6, 2002): 1–3.
- ^ Lambert, Philip. Inside the Music of Brian Wilson: the songs, sounds and influences of the Beach Boys' founding genius (Continuum International Publishing Group Inc., 2007). pp. 64–65. ISBN 1-397-80826-4
- ^ "Show 5 – Hail, Hail, Rock 'n' Roll: The rock revolution gets underway. [Part 1] : UNT Digital Library". Digital.library.unt.edu. 2011-10-16. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19751/m1/. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ "SURFIN USA". BMI Repertoire. Broadcast Music Incorporated. http://repertoire.bmi.com/title.asp?blnWriter=True&blnPublisher=True&blnArtist=True&keyID=1434720&ShowNbr=0&ShowSeqNbr=0&querytype=WorkID. Retrieved November 16, 2008.
- ^ Glen Campbell at Allmusic. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Bruce Johnston at Allmusic. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Ritchie Unterberger review of Shut Down Vol. 2". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/shut-down-vol-2-r60307. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Dance, Dance, Dance". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/song/dance-dance-dance-t14595755.
- ^ "Sessionography". In Today! [CD booklet]. Los Angeles: Capitol Records
- ^ "Richie Unterberger review of Today!". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r1416.
- ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. November 18, 2003. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938174/the_rs_500_greatest_albums_of_all_time. Retrieved November 3, 2009.
- ^ Palmer, Robert. (1995). Rock & Roll: An Unruly History. Harmony. p. 165. ISBN 0-517-70050-6.
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- ^ Out-Of-Sight! SMiLE Timeline
- ^ a b "Smile-Brian Wilson review". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/album/smile-r493411.
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- ^ a b Carlin, Peter Ames (2006). Catch a Wave: The Rise, Fall, & Redemption of the Beach Boys' Brian Wilson, n. 27 supra.
- ^ "– By Michael Fremer". Musicangle.com. February 1, 2005. http://www.musicangle.com/feat.php?id=58. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ^ Elliott, Brad (August 31, 1999). "Pet Sounds Track Notes". beachboysfanclub.com. http://www.beachboysfanclub.com/ps-tracks.html. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
- ^ Denselow, Robin. "Feature: Riding a wave". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group) (September 1, 1976): 8.
- ^ Richard Henderson, Song Cycle , (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009),ISBN 0-8264-2917-3, p48
- ^ "Interview with Brian Wilson". theaquarian.com. http://www.theaquarian.com/2005/08/10/brian-wilson-interview-with-brian-wilson/. Retrieved November 22, 2009.
- ^ Harvey Kubernik, Scott Calamar, Lou Adler, Canyon of Dreams: The Magic and the Music of Laurel Canyon, (Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009), ISBN 1-4027-6589-4, p. 78.
- ^ "cit. Barney Hoskyns, "All But Done."". Gadflyonline.com. http://www.gadflyonline.com/05-06-02/ftr-hoskyns.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ The unusual capitalization of the title, "SMiLE", is an accident of Capitol Records' mid-1960s graphic design. Brian himself wrote it as "Smile" on his own message board.
- ^ Priore, Dominic (1997), Look Listen Vibrate Smile, Last Gasp pub., collects much of the "Smile" legend in historical articles and reviews.
- ^ J. DeRogatis,"Kaleidoscope eyes: psychedelic rock from the 1960s to the 1990s", (Fourth Estate, 1996), ISBN 1-85702-599-7, p. 18.
- ^ "Do It Again". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/song/do-it-again-t995511. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "Bluebirds over the Mountain". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/song/bluebirds-over-the-mountain-t995513. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "All I Want to Do". Barbra and David P. Mikkelson. http://www.snopes.com/risque/tattled/alliwant.asp. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "20/20". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r30145. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ Bush, John. "Carl and the Passions - So Tough - The Beach Boys". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/carl-and-the-passions-so-tough-r30146/review. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
- ^ Endless Summer, The Beach Boys, mp3.com, retrieved on January 15, 2007
- ^ "July 4: Day of Music, Parades, Fireworks", The Washington Post, Washington, D.C., July 3, 1982, p. D1.
- ^ a b c d Phil McCombs, "Watt Outlaws Rock Music on Mall for July 4", The Washington Post, Washington, D.C., April 6, 1983, p. A1; Phil McCombs and Richard Harrington, "Watt Sets Off Uproar with Music Ban", The Washington Post, Washington, D.C., April 7, 1983, pp. A1, A17.
- ^ Tim Ahern, Associated Press, "Newton concert goes off despite rain", Gettysburg Times, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1983, p. 7 in Google news. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
- ^ Associated Press, "Newton Performance Dampened by Rain", Reading Eagle, Reading, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1983, p. 27,in Google news. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
- ^ Richard Harrington, "Back to the Beach Boys: Rock Returns to Mall For the Fourth of July; Beach Boys to Perform On the Mall July 4", The Washington Post, Washington, D.C., June 6, 1984, p. B1.
- ^ Timeline on website of The Beach Boys by Capitol Records. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "Beach Boys plan anniversary blowout, likely reunion tour". http://movies.yahoo.com/news/beach-boys-plan-anniversary-blowout-likely-reunion-tour-152547833.html. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ Michaels, Sean (September 29, 2011). "Brian Wilson rules out reunion with the Beach Boys". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/sep/29/brian-wilson-beach-boys. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ Sterdan, Darryl (December 16, 2011). "Beach Boys gear up for reunion". Sun Media. http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/B/Beach_Boys/2011/12/16/19133156.html. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
- ^ Serjeant, Jill (February 8, 2012). "Reunited Beach Boys to perform at Grammy Awards". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/08/us-grammys-beachboys-idUSTRE8171QK20120208.
- ^ Pareles, Jon (February 17, 2012). "A Few Words With the Beach Boys". The New York Times. http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/17/a-few-words-with-the-beach-boys/.
- ^ Boucher, Geoff (February 25, 2012). "Beach Boys ready for harmonic convergence on tour, album". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-beach-boys-20120225,0,3559719.story?track=rss.
- ^ Associated Press – Mon, Apr 16, 2012 (2012-04-16). "Beach Boys performing for SiriusXM before tour - Yahoo! News". News.yahoo.com. http://news.yahoo.com/beach-boys-performing-siriusxm-tour-174526840.html. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/news/exclusive-beach-boys-get-a-zinepak-for-50th-1006827752.story?utm_source=most_recent
- ^ a b "That's Why God Made the Radio: The Beach Boys: Music". Amazon.com. 2009-09-09. http://www.amazon.com/New-Release-2012-Beach-Boys/dp/B007U1FEJE/ref=sr_1_1?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1334587366&sr=1-1. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
- ^ "The Beach Boys". Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/thebeachboys. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
- ^ "portofrei online bestellen - CD DVD Blu-ray Games Bücher Filme Musik MP3 - Schweiz" (in (German)). CeDe.ch. http://www.cede.ch/de/music-cd/default.cfm. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
- ^ Sullivan, Caitlin. "Beach Boys Release First New Single in 20 Years". EntertainmentTell. www.technologytell.com. http://www.technologytell.com/entertainment/783/beach-boys-release-first-new-single-in-20-years. Retrieved 05/02/2012.
- ^ Up for Discussion (2009-09-14). "Beach Boys Album: 'It's All Brand New'". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/news/beach-boys-album-it-s-all-brand-new-1006844362.story#/news/beach-boys-album-it-s-all-brand-new-1006844362.story. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
- ^ "That's where Beach Boys wanna go emdash/> back to the studio –". Usatoday.com. 2012-04-23. http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/story/2012-04-23/beach-boys-album/54494556/1. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
- ^ http://www.beachboysfanclub.com/
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- ^ a b Brian Wilson and Mike Love: More bad vibrations, independent.co.uk, retrieved on January 15, 2007
- ^ Love v. Mail on Sunday and Brian Wilson, U.S. District Court, Cent. Dist. CA, civil no. 2:05-7798, 2007 WL 4928035 (Westlaw citation, available by subscription).
- ^ Love v. Mail On Sunday and Brian Wilson, et als., U.S. District Court, Cent. Dist. CA, civil no. 2:05-7798, docket entries 193 (opinion) and 197 (modified judgment May 29, 2007). In paragraph 1 of his original complaint, Love stated that "This action arises out of an international advertising and marketing scheme organized and orchestrated by Brian Wilson and his agents to promote the release of The Beach Boys’ long-awaited Smile album, at the expense of fellow Beach Boy Mike Love and The Beach Boys corporate entity, Brother Records, Inc. (“BRI”)."
- ^ Id., 2008 WL 4678714 (9th Cir. Court of Appeals, reply brief of Brian Wilson) at pp. 27–28, summarizing District Court orders (Westlaw citation).
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- ^ a b Vocal Group Hall of Fame Inductees: The Beach Boys, vocalgroup.org, retrieved on January 15, 2007
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- ^ "Jeff Pollack: Ten Bands That Shook The World". Huffingtonpost.com. February 8, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeff-pollack/10-bands-that-shook-the-w_1_b_819903.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ "The All-TIME 100 Albums". Time. November 2, 2006. http://www.time.com/time/2006/100albums/.
- ^ Abbott, Kingsley (2001). The Beach Boys Pet Sounds: The Greatest Album of the Twentieth Century. Helter Skelter Pub. (London). ISBN [[Special:BookSources/19000924307|19000924307]].
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"California Girls" is a song by American rock band The Beach Boys, featured on their ninth studio album Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) (1965). Written by band-members Brian Wilson (who conceived the song during an LSD trip) and Mike Love, the song features contrasting verse-chorus form. Upon its release as a single, "California Girls" reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100.
It is one of The Beach Boys' most famous songs and has been included on countless greatest hits compilations. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included the song in its of the "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it 71st on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.David Lee Roth covered the song in 1985, also peaking at #3 on the Billboard charts.
The music for the song came from Brian Wilson's first LSD experience. In the Beautiful Dreamer documentary, Wilson said that shortly after taking LSD, he ran up to a bedroom and hid under a pillow, shouting "I'm afraid of my mom, I'm afraid of my dad." Some time later he left the room and went to a piano. He started playing in the bass the B-F#-G# pattern over and over, and then added in the right hand after a few minutes a B chord, moving to an A chord. Within a half hour, he had come up with the "well east-coast girls are hip, I really dig the styles they wear" part of the song. The next day, he and Mike Love supposedly finished off the remainder of the song.
