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Goya Awards
Awarded for	Best in film
Presented by	Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España
Country	Spain
First awarded	1987
Official website	academiadecine.com

The Goya Awards, known in Spanish as los Premios Goya, are Spain's main national film awards, considered by many in Spain, and internationally, to be the Spanish equivalent of the American Academy Awards.

The awards were established in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España (Spanish Academy of Cinematic Art and Science), and the first awards ceremony took place on March 16, 1987 at the Teatro Lope de Vega, Madrid. The ceremony continues to take place annually around the end of January, and awards are given to films produced during the previous year.

The award itself is a small bronze bust of Francisco de Goya created by the sculptor José Luis Fernández.

Awards[link]

Award ceremonies[link]

The following is a listing of all Goya Awards ceremonies since 1986.

Trivia[link]

"Big Five" winners and nominees[link]

Winners[link]

List of films that won the awards for Best Film, Director, Actor, Actress and Writing.

• ¡Ay, Carmela! (1990): Director (Carlos Saura), Actor (Andrés Pajares), Actress (Carmen Maura) and Writing (Rafael Azcona and Carlos Saura; adapted screenplay)
• Take My Eyes (2003): Director (Icíar Bollaín), Actor (Luis Tosar), Actress (Laia Marull) and Writing (Icíar Bollaín; original screenplay)
• The Sea Inside (2004): Director (Alejandro Amenábar), Actor (Javier Bardem), Actress (Lola Dueñas) and Writing (Alejandro Amenábar and Mateo Gil; original screenplay)

Nominees[link]

Four awards won

• Belle époque (1992): won Film, Director (Fernando Trueba), Actress (Ariadna Gil) and Writing (Fernando Trueba, Rafael Azcona and José Luis García Sánchez); lost Actor (Jorge Sanz)
• Running Out of Time (1994): won Film, Director (Imanol Uribe), Writing (Imanol Uribe) and Actor (Carmelo Gómez); lost Actress (Ruth Gabriel)
• Lucky Star (1997): won Film, Director (Ricardo Franco), Writing (Ricardo Franco, Álvaro del Amo and Ángeles González-Sinde) and Actor (Antonio Resines); lost Actress (Maribel Verdú)

Two awards won

• Lovers (1991): won Film and Director (Vicente Aranda); lost Actor (Jorge Sanz), Actress (Victoria Abril and Maribel Verdú) and Writing (Álvaro del Amo, Vicente Aranda and Carlos Pérez Merinero)
• The Girl of Your Dreams (1998): won Film and Actress (Penélope Cruz); lost Director (Fernando Trueba), Actor (Antonio Resines) and Writing (Miguel Ángel Egea and Carlos López)

One award won

• Pan's Labyrinth (2006): won Writing (Guillermo del Toro); lost Film, Director (Guillermo del Toro), Actor (Sergi López) and Actress (Maribel Verdú)
• The Skin I Live In (2011): won Actres (Elena Anaya); lost Film, Director (Pedro Almodóvar), Writing (Pedro Almodóvar) and Actor (Antonio Banderas).

No award won

• Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (1990): lost Film, Director (Pedro Almodóvar), Actor (Antonio Banderas), Actress (Victoria Abril) and Writing (Pedro Almodóvar)

Films which won more than 5 awards[link]

• 14 wins: The Sea Inside (2004), 15 nominations
• 13 wins: ¡Ay, Carmela! (1990), 15 nominations
• 9 wins: Belle Époque (1992), 17 nominations
• 9 wins: Running Out of Time (1994), 19 nominations
• 9 wins: Black Bread (2010), 14 nominations
• 8 wins: The Dumbfounded King (1991), 14 nominations
• 8 wins: Nobody Will Speak of Us When We're Dead (1995), 10 nominations
• 8 wins: The Others (2001), 15 nominations
• 8 wins: Cell 211 (2009), 16 nominations
• 7 wins: All About My Mother (1999), 14 nominations
• 7 wins: The Girl of Your Dreams (1998), 18 nominations
• 7 wins: The Orphanage (2007), 14 nominations
• 7 wins: Pan's Labyrinth (2006), 13 nominations
• 7 wins: Take My Eyes (2003), 9 nominations
• 7 wins: Tesis (1996), 8 nominations
• 7 wins: The Dog in the Manger (1996), 12 nominations
• 7 wins: Agora (2009), 13 nominations
• 6 wins: Camino (2008), 7 nominations
• 6 wins: No Rest for the Wicked (2011), 14 nominations
• 5 wins: The Lucky Star (1997), 7 nominations
• 5 wins: Mondays in the Sun (2002), 8 nominations
• 5 wins: Volver (2006), 14 nominations
• 5 wins: Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (1989), 16 nominations

Films which received more than 10 nominations[link]

• 19 nominations: Running Out of Time (1994), 9 wins
• 18 nominations: The Girl of Your Dreams (1998), 7 wins
• 17 nominations: Belle époque (1992), 9 wins
• 16 nominations: Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (1989), 5 wins
• 16 nominations: Cell 211 (2009), 8 wins
• 16 nominations: The Skin I Live In (2011)
• 15 nominations: ¡Ay, Carmela! (1990), 13 wins
• 15 nominations: Alatriste (2006), 3 wins
• 15 nominations: The Blind Sunflowers (2008), 1 win
• 15 nominations: The Others (2001), 8 wins
• 15 nominations: The Sea Inside (2004), 14 wins
• 15 nominations: Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (1990), 0 wins
• 15 nominations: The Last Circus (2010), 2 wins
• 14 nominations: 13 Roses (2007), 4 wins
• 14 nominations: All About My Mother (1999), 7 wins
• 14 nominations: The Dumbfounded King (1991), 8 wins
• 14 nominations: The Orphanage (2007), 7 wins
• 14 nominations: Volver (2006), 5 wins
• 14 nominations: Black Bread (2010), 9 wins
• 14 nominations: No Rest for the Wicked (2011)
• 13 nominations: Pan's Labyrinth (2006), 7 wins
• 13 nominations: Agora (2009), 7 wins
• 13 nominations: Even the Rain (2010), 3 wins
• 12 nominations: The Dog in the Manger (1996), 7 wins
• 12 nominations: Juana the Mad (2001), 3 wins
• 12 nominations: Eva (2011)
• 11 nominations: Salvador (2006), 1 win
• 11 nominations: Sex and Lucia (2001), 2 wins
• 11 nominations: Blackthorn (2011)
• 10 nominations: Nobody Will Speak of Us When We're Dead (1995), 8 wins
• 10 nominations: Open Your Eyes (1997), 0 wins
• 10 nominations: Seven Billiard Tables (2007), 2 wins
• 10 nominations: Buried (2010), 3 wins

External links[link]

• (Spanish) Official Premios Goya website
• IMdB Goya Awards
• (Spanish) Cien de Cine Premios Goya
• (Spanish) New Official Premios Goya 'n' Academy website
• (Spanish) Special Coverage of the Premios Goya at Hoycinema.com

v t e Goya Awards Category Awards Film · Director · Actor · Actress · Supporting Actor · Supporting Actress · Original Screenplay · Adapted Screenplay · New Actor · New Actress · Spanish Language Foreign Film · European Film · New Director · Animated Film · Cinematography · Editing · Art Direction · Production Supervision · Sound · Special Effects · Costume Design · Makeup and Hairstyles · Original Score · Original Song · Fictional Short Film · Animated Short Film · Documentary Film · Documentary Short Film Ceremonies 1986 · 1987 · 1988 · 1989 · 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011 · 2012 Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España

Francisco Goya
Portrait of Francisco Goya by Vicente López y Portaña (1826). Oil on canvas, 93 × 75 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
Birth name	Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
Born	(1746-03-30)30 March 1746 Fuendetodos, Aragón, Spain
Died	16 April 1828(1828-04-16) (aged 82) Bordeaux, France
Nationality	Spanish
Field	Painting, Drawing, Sculpture, Printmaking,
Training	José Luzán
Movement	Romanticism
Works	La maja desnuda/La maja vestida The Third of May 1808 (1814) Black Paintings

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko xoˈse ðe ˈɣoʝa i luˈθjentes]; 30 March 1746–16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker regarded both as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. Goya was a court painter to the Spanish Crown, and through his works was both a commentator on and chronicler of his era. The subversive and imaginative element in his art, as well as his bold handling of paint, provided a model for the work of later generations of artists, notably Manet, Picasso and Francis Bacon.^[1]. In his honour, Spain's main national film awards are called the Goya Awards.

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, c. 1797, 21.5 cm × 15 cm. One of the most famous prints of the Caprichos

Goya was born in Fuendetodos, Aragón, Spain, in 1746 to José Benito de Goya y Franque and Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador. He spent his childhood in Fuendetodos, where his family lived in a house bearing the family crest of his mother. His father earned his living as a gilder. About 1749, the family bought a house in the city of Zaragoza and some years later moved into it. Goya may have attended school at Escuelas Pias. He formed a close friendship with Martin Zapater at this time, and their correspondence from the 1770s to the 1790s is a valuable source for understanding Goya's early career at the court of Madrid. At age 14, Goya studied under the painter José Luzán. He moved to Madrid where he studied with Anton Raphael Mengs, a painter who was popular with Spanish royalty. He clashed with his master, and his examinations were unsatisfactory. Goya submitted entries for the Royal Academy of Fine Art in 1763 and 1766, but was denied entrance.

He then relocated to Rome, where in 1771 he won second prize in a painting competition organized by the City of Parma. Later that year, he returned to Zaragoza and painted parts of the cupolas of the Basilica of the Pillar (including Adoration of the Name of God), a cycle of frescoes in the monastic church of the Charterhouse of Aula Dei, and the frescoes of the Sobradiel Palace. He studied with Francisco Bayeu y Subías and his painting began to show signs of the delicate tonalities for which he became famous.

La cometa, 1777–1778, one of Goya's tapestry cartoons

Goya married Bayeu's sister Josefa (he nicknamed her "Pepa") on 25 July 1773. This marriage, and Francisco Bayeu's membership of the Royal Academy of Fine Art (from the year 1765) helped Goya to procure work as a painter of designs to be woven by the Royal Tapestry Factory. There, over the course of five years, he designed some 42 patterns, many of which were used to decorate (and insulate) the bare stone walls of El Escorial and the Palacio Real del Pardo, the newly built residences of the Spanish monarchs near Madrid. This brought his artistic talents to the attention of the Spanish monarchs who later would give him access to the royal court. He also painted a canvas for the altar of the Church of San Francisco El Grande in Madrid, which led to his appointment as a member of the Royal Academy of Fine Art.

Mid-career[link]

In 1783, the Count of Floridablanca, a favourite of King Carlos III, commissioned Goya to paint his portrait. He also became friends with Crown Prince Don Luis, and spent two summers with him, painting portraits of both the Infante and his family. During the 1780s, his circle of patrons grew to include the Duke and Duchess of Osuna, whom he painted, the King and other notable people of the kingdom. In 1786, Goya was given a salaried position as painter to Charles III. After the death of Charles III in 1788 and revolution in France in 1789, during the reign of Charles IV, Goya reached his peak of popularity with royalty.^[2]

Charles IV of Spain and His Family, 1800. Théophile Gautier described the figures as looking like "the corner baker and his wife after they won the lottery".^[3]

In 1789 he was made court painter to Charles IV and in 1799 he was appointed First Court Painter with a salary of 50,000 reales and 500 ducats for a coach. He painted the King and the Queen, royal family pictures, portraits of the Prince of the Peace and many other nobles. His portraits are notable for their disinclination to flatter, and in the case of Charles IV of Spain and His Family, the lack of visual diplomacy is remarkable.^[4] Modern interpreters have seen this portrait as satire; it is thought to reveal the corruption present under Charles IV. Under his reign his wife Louisa was thought to have had the real power, which is why she is placed at the center of the group portrait. From the back left of the painting you can see the artist himself looking out at the viewer, and the painting behind the family depicts Lot and his daughters, thus once again echoing the underlying message of corruption and decay.

Goya received orders from many within the Spanish nobility. Among those from whom he procured portrait commissions were Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna and his wife María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Countess-Duchess of Benavente, María del Pilar de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba (universally known simply as the "Duchess of Alba"), and her husband José María Álvarez de Toledo, 15th Duke of Medina Sidonia, and María Ana de Pontejos y Sandoval, Marchioness of Pontejos.

At some time between late 1792 and early 1793, a serious illness, whose exact nature is not known, left Goya deaf, and he became withdrawn and introspective. During his recuperation, he undertook a series of experimental paintings. His experimental art—that would encompass paintings, drawings as well as a bitter series of aquatinted etchings, published in 1799 under the title Caprichos – was done in parallel to his more official commissions of portraits and religious paintings. In 1798, he painted luminous and airy scenes for the pendentives and cupula of the Real Ermita (Chapel) of San Antonio de la Florida in Madrid. Many place miracles of Saint Anthony of Padua in the midst of contemporary Madrid.

The Third of May 1808, 1814. Oil on canvas, 266 х 345 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid

Later years[link]

French forces invaded Spain in 1808, leading to the Peninsular War of 1808–1814. Goya's involvement with the court of the "Intruder king", Joseph I, the brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, is not known; he did paint works for French patrons and sympathisers, but kept neutral during the fighting. After the restoration of the Spanish king, Ferdinand VII, in 1814, Goya denied any involvement with the French. When his wife Josefa died in 1812, he was mentally and emotionally processing the war by painting The Charge of the Mamelukes and The Third of May 1808, and preparing the series of prints later known as The Disasters of War (Los desastres de la guerra). Ferdinand VII returned to Spain in 1814 but relations with Goya were not cordial. He painted portraits of the kings for a variety of organizations, but not for the king himself.

Leocadia Weiss (née Zorrilla, b. 1790)^[5][6] the artist's maid, younger by 35 years, and a distant relative,^[7] lived with and cared for Goya after Bayeu's death. She stayed with him in his Quinta del Sordo villa until 1824 with her daughter Rosario.^[8] Leocadia was probably similar in features to Goya's first wife Josefa Bayeu, to the extent that one of his well known portraits bears the cautious title of Josefa Bayeu (or Leocadia Weiss).^[9]

The Milkmaid of Bordeaux, 1825–27, is the third and final Goya portrait which may depict Leocadia Weiss. This might also be of Leocadia's daughter Rosario.^[10] Its colourisation and mood is very similar to the Lecodia "Black Painting".

Not much is known about her beyond her fiery temperament. She was likely related to the Goicoechea family, a wealthy dynasty into which the artist's son, the feckless Javier, had married. It is believed she held liberal political views and was unafraid of expressing them, a fact met with disapproval by Goya's family. It is known that Leocadia had an unhappy marriage with a jeweler, Isideo Weiss, but was separated from him since 1811. Her husband cited "illicit conduct" during the divorce proceedings. She had two children before the marriage dissolved, and bore a third, Rosario, in 1814 when she was 26. Isideo was not the father, and it has often been speculated—although with little firm evidence—that the child belonged to Goya.^[11] There has been much speculation that Goya and Weiss were romantically linked, however, it is more likely the affection between them was sentimental.^[12]

It is not known whether this 1805 Goya portrait is of his wife Josefa Bayeu or of Leocadia Weiss

Goya's works from 1814 to 1819 are mostly commissioned portraits, but also include the altarpiece of Santa Justa and Santa Rufina for the Cathedral of Seville, the print series of La Tauromaquia depicting scenes from bullfighting, and probably the etchings of Los Disparates.

In 1819, with the idea of isolating himself, he bought a country house by the Manzanares river just outside of Madrid. It was known as the Quinta del Sordo (roughly, "House of the Deaf Man", titled after its previous owner and not after Goya himself). There he created the Black Paintings with intense, haunting themes, reflective of the artist's fear of insanity, and his outlook on humanity. Several of these, including Saturn Devouring His Son, were painted directly onto the walls of his dining and sitting rooms.

Goya lost faith in or became threatened by the restored Spanish monarchy's anti-liberal political and social stance and left Spain in May 1824 for Bordeaux and then Paris.^[6] He travelled to Spain in 1826, but returned to Bordeaux, where he died of a stroke in 1828, at the age of 82. He was of Catholic faith and was buried in Bordeaux; in 1919 his remains were transferred to the Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida in Madrid.

Leocadia was left nothing in Goya's will; mistresses were often omitted in such circumstances, but it is also likely that he did not want to dwell on his mortality by thinking about or revising his will. She wrote to a number of Goya's friends to complain of her exclusion but many of her friends were Goya's also and by then old men and had died, or died before they could reply. Largely destitute she moved into rented accommodation and passed on her copy of the Caprichos for free.^[13]

Work[link]

See also List of works by Francisco Goya

Goya painted the Spanish royal family, including Charles IV of Spain and Ferdinand VII. His thematic range extended from merry festivals for tapestry, draft cartoons, to scenes of war and human debasement. This evolution reflects the darkening of his temper. Modern physicians suspect that the lead in his pigments poisoned him and caused his deafness after 1792. Near the end of his life, he became reclusive and produced frightening and obscure paintings of insanity, madness, and fantasy, while the style of the Black Paintings prefigures the expressionist movement.

Maja[link]

The Nude Maja, ca. 1800. Said to be the first explicit depiction of female pubic hair in a large Western painting, though others had hinted at it before

The Clothed Maja, ca. 1803, the more chaste, but teasingly provocative, companion panel

Two of Goya's best known paintings are The Nude Maja (La maja desnuda) and The Clothed Maja (La maja vestida). They depict the same woman in the same pose, naked and clothed, respectively. Without a pretense to allegorical or mythological meaning, the painting was "the first totally profane life-size female nude in Western art".^[14]

The identity of the Majas are uncertain. The most popularly cited models are the Duchess of Alba, with whom Goya was sometimes thought to have had an affair, and Pepita Tudó, mistress of Manuel de Godoy; Godoy subsequently owned them. Neither theory has been verified, and it remains as likely that the paintings represent an idealized composite.^[15] The paintings were never publicly exhibited during Goya's lifetime. They were owned by Manuel de Godoy, the Prime Minister of Spain and a favorite of the Queen, María Luisa.^[16] In 1808 all Godoy's property was seized by Ferdinand VII after his fall from power and exile, and in 1813 the Inquisition confiscated both works as 'obscene', returning them in 1836 to the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.^[17]

Darker subject matter[link]

Yard with Lunatics, 1794. Oil on tin-plated iron, 43.8 x 32.7 cm

In a period of convalescence during 1793–1794, Goya completed a set of eleven small pictures painted on tin; known as Fantasy and Invention, they mark a significant change in his art. They no longer represent the world of popular carnival, but rather a dark, dramatic realm of fantasy and nightmare. Yard with Lunatics is a horrifying and imaginary vision of loneliness, fear and social alienation, a departure from the rather more superficial treatment of mental illness in the works of earlier artists such as Hogarth. The condemnation of brutality towards prisoners (whether criminal or insane) is the subject of many of Goya’s later paintings.

As he completed Yard with Lunatics, Goya was himself undergoing a physical and mental breakdown. It was a few weeks after the French declaration of war on Spain, and Goya’s illness was developing. A contemporary reported, “the noises in his head and deafness aren’t improving, yet his vision is much better and he is back in control of his balance.” His symptoms may indicate a prolonged viral encephalitis or possibly a series of miniature strokes resulting from high blood pressure and affecting hearing and balance centers in the brain. The triad of tinnitus, episodes of imbalance and progressive deafness is also typical of Ménière's disease. Other postmortem diagnostic assessment points toward paranoid dementia due to unknown brain trauma (perhaps due to the unknown illness which he reported). If this is the case, from here on—we see an insidious assault of his faculties, manifesting as paranoid features in his paintings, culminating in his black paintings and especially Saturn Devouring His Sons.

Caprichos and Tapestry cartoons[link]

In 1799 Goya published a series of 80 prints titled Caprichos depicting what he described as "the innumerable foibles and follies to be found in any civilized society, and from the common prejudices and deceitful practices which custom, ignorance, or self-interest have made usual".^[18]

The dark visions depicted in these prints are partly explained by his caption, "The sleep of reason produces monsters". Yet these are not solely bleak in nature and demonstrate the artist's sharp satirical wit, particularly evident in etchings such as Hunting for Teeth. Additionally, one can discern a thread of the macabre running through Goya's work, even in his earlier tapestry cartoons.^{[note 1]} Mostly popularist in a rococo style, the cartoons were completed early in his career, when he was largely unknown and actively seeking commissions. In 1774, he was asked, on behalf of the Spanish crown, by the German artist Anton Raphael Mengs, to undertake the series. While designing tapestries was neither prestigious nor well paid, Goya used them, along with his early engravings, to bring himself to wider attention.^[19] They afforded his first contact with the Spanish monarchy that was to eventually appoint him court painter.^[20]

[edit] The Disasters of War

What more can one do?, from The Disasters of War, 1812–15

In the 1810s, Goya created a set of aquatint prints titled The Disasters of War. Although he did not make known his intention when creating the plates, art historians view them as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising, the subsequent Peninsular War of 1808–14 and the setbacks to the liberal cause following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814. The scenes are singularly disturbing, sometimes macabre in their depiction of battlefield horror, and represent an outraged conscience in the face of death and destruction.^[21] They were not published until 1863, 35 years after his death. It is likely that only then was it considered politically safe to distribute a sequence of artworks criticising both the French and restored Bourbons.^[22]

The first 47 plates in the series focus on incidents from the war and show the consequences of the conflict on individual soldiers and civilians. The middle series (plates 48 to 64) record the effects of the famine that hit Madrid in 1811–12, before the city was liberated from the French. The final 17 reflect the bitter disappointment of liberals when the restored Bourbon monarchy, encouraged by the Catholic hierarchy, rejected the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and opposed both state and religious reform. Since their first publication, Goya's scenes of atrocities, starvation, degradation and humiliation have been described as the "prodigious flowering of rage".^[23]

[edit] Black Paintings

Witches' Sabbath or Aquelarre is one of 14 from the Black Paintings series.

In later life Goya bought a house, called Quinta del Sordo ("Deaf Man's House"), and painted many unusual paintings on canvas and on the walls, including references to witchcraft and war. One of these is the famous work Saturn Devouring His Son (known informally in some circles as Devoration or Saturn Eats His Child), which displays a Greco-Roman mythological scene of the god Saturn consuming a child, possibly a reference to Spain's ongoing civil conflicts. The series has been described as "the most essential to our understanding of the human condition in modern times, just as Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling is essential to understanding the tenor of the 16th century".^[24]

At the age of 75, alone and in mental and physical despair, he completed the work as one of his 14 Black Paintings,^{[note 2]} all of which were executed in oil directly onto the plaster walls of his house. Goya did not intend for the paintings to be exhibited, did not write of them,^{[note 3]} and likely never spoke of them.^[25] It was not until around 1874, some 50 years after his death, that they were taken down and transferred to a canvas support. Many of the works were significantly altered during the restoration, and in the words of Arthur Lubow what remain are "at best a crude facsimile of what Goya painted."^[26] The effects of time on the murals, coupled with the inevitable damage caused by the delicate operation of mounting the crumbling plaster on canvas, meant that most of the murals suffered extensive damage and loss of paint. Today they are on permanent display at the Museo del Prado, Madrid.

Films[link]

Goya's Ghosts (2006) is a film directed by Academy Award Winner Miloš Forman.

Volavérunt (1999) directed by Bigas Luna and based on the homonym novel of Antonio Larreta.

Goya in Bordeaux (1999) Spanish historical drama film written and directed by Carlos Saura about the life of Francisco de Goya.

Notes[link]

References[link]

Sources[link]

• Ciofalo, John J. The Self-Portraits of Francisco Goya. Cambridge University Press, 2001
• Tomlinson, Janis. Francisco Goya y Lucientes 1746–1828'.' Phaidon, 1999, 1994.
• Buchholz, Elke Linda. Francisco de Goya. Cologne: Könemann, 1999. ISBN 3-8290-2930-6
• Connell, Evan S. Francisco Goya: A Life. New York: Counterpoint, 2004. ISBN 1-58243-307-0
• Gassier, Pierre. Goya: A Biographical and Critical Study. New York: Skira, 1955
• Havard, Robert. "Goya's House Revisited: Why a Deaf Man Painted his Walls Black". Bulletin of Spanish Studies, Volume 82, Issue 5 July 2005. 615 – 639
• Hughes, Robert. Goya. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. ISBN 0-394-58028-1
• Junquera, Juan José. The Black Paintings of Goya‎. London: Scala Publishers, 2008. ISBN 1-85759-273-5
• Licht, Fred. Goya: The Origins of the Modern Temper in Art. Universe Books, 1979. ISBN 0-87663-294-0

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Francisco de Goya y Lucientes

• Goya in Aragon Foundation: Online catalogue
• Goya, the Secret of the Shadows, a documentary film by David Mauas, Spain, 2011, 77'
• Ricci-art/com, Paintings by Francisco Goya
• CaprichosPDF (10.0 MB) (PDF in the Arno Schmidt Reference Library)
• Desastres de la guerraPDF (10.6 MB) (PDF in the Arno Schmidt Reference Library)
• Disasters of War at all-art.org
• Etching series by Goya
• Smithsonian Institution exhibit “Legacy: Spain and the United States in the Age of Independence, 1763–1848”, 27 Sept. 2007 – 10 Feb. 2008
• Francisco Goya Prints, a Claremont Colleges Digital Library collection from the Pomona College Museum of Art
• Nyu.edu, The Sleep of Reason
• The Sleep of Reason – article in World&I Magazine
• Francisco de Goya's Black paintings
• His Majesty’s Giant Anteater - A New Goya is Discovered!
• {fr} Bibliothèque numérique de l'INHA - Estampes de Francisco de Goya

v t e Francisco Goya List of works Paintings Blind Guitarist (1778) Christ Crucified (1780) Maria Teresa de Borbon y Vallabriga (1783) Spring (or The Flower Girls) (1786–1787) The Swing (1787) St Francis Borja at the Deathbed of an Impenitent (1788) Manuel Osorio de Zuniga (c. 1788) Witches' Sabbath (1789) Self-portrait (c. 1790–1795) Little Giants (1791–1792) Portrait of Mariana Waldstein (c. 1792) Strolling Players (1793) Yard with Lunatics (1793–1794) Marquesa de la Solana (c. 1794–1795) Duchess of Alba (1797) Self-Portrait with Eyeglasses (1797) The Bewitched Man (1797-1798) The Devil's Lamp (1797-1798) Witches' Flight (1797-98) Charles IV in his Hunting Clothes (1799) Countess of Chinchon (1800) La maja desnuda Charles IV of Spain and His Family (1800–1801) La maja vestida Bartolome Sureda y Miserol (c. 1803–1804) Portrait of Doña Isabel de Porcel (1804–1805) Portrait of Francisca Sabasa García (1804-1808) Doña Teresa Sureda (c. 1805) The Colossus (1808–1812; attribution debated) Majas on a Balcony (c. 1808–1812) Time (c. 1810–1812) Prison Interior (c. 1810–1814) The Second of May 1808 (1814) The Third of May 1808 (1814) The Junta of the Philippines (1815) The Madhouse (1812-1819) The Inquisition Tribunal (1812-1819) The Burial of the Sardine (c. 1816) A Procession of Flagellants (c. 1816) The Forge (c. 1817) The Giant (1818) Self-portrait with Dr Arrieta (1820) The Milkmaid of Bordeaux (1825–1827) Tapestry cartoons The Parasol (c. 1777) Blind man's bluff (1789) Black Paintings (Pinturas negras) (c. 1819-23) Saturn Devouring His Son Judith and Holofernes Witches' Sabbath A Pilgrimage to San Isidro La Leocadia Two Old Men Men Reading Man Mocked by Two Women Fight with Cudgels Procession of the Holy Office Atropos Asmodea Two Old Men Eating Soup The Dog Etchings Los Caprichos The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters (1797–1798) What a sacrifice! (1797–1798) They say yes and give their hand to the first comer (1797–1798) Que se la llevaron! (1797–1798) You who cannot (1797–1798) The Disasters of War (Los desastres de la guerra) Contra el bien general (c. 1810) This is worse (c. 1812–1813) May the rope break! (c. 1815) Tauromaquia Unfortunate events in the front seats of the ring of Madrid, and the death of the Mayor of Torrejón (1815–1816)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2011)

Santiago Segura
Born	Santiago Segura Silva (1965-07-17) 17 July 1965 (age 46) Madrid, Spain
Occupation	film director, screenwriter, producer and actor

Santiago Segura Silva (born 17 July 1965) is a Spanish film actor, screenwriter, producer and director.^[1]

Santiago was born in the Carabanchel neighbourhood in Madrid. After studying Arts at the Complutense University of Madrid,^[1] he decided to pursue a career as a film-maker and in 1989 he directed the short Relatos de medianoche with a budget of 7000 pesetas (around US$50). In 1992 he went on to direct his first professional short "Evilio", followed with "Perturbado" in 1993.

In 1993 he had a small role in Alex de la Iglesia's film Acción mutante. Two years later he starred in El día de la Bestia, from the same director and that role made him famous in Spain. In 1998 he directed the film that brought him to stardom, Torrente: El brazo tonto de la ley (1998), in which he also acted as the lead character José Luis Torrente, a sleazy crime-fighter. Its popularity led to a sequel (Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella) and a computer game (Torrente: El juego). Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella made €22,838,500 at the Spanish box office, becoming the highest grossing Spanish film of all time. Torrente 3: El Protector, the third film in the series, was released in September 2005. Its advertising campaign parodied Batman Begins, using the phrase "Torrente Acabado" ("Torrente Finished"). Although he declared Torrente 3: El Protector would be the last of the Torrente series, Torrente 4 was released in 2011.^[2] In 2010, he played the title role in El gran Vázquez, based on the life of the legendary cartoonist/wastrel Manuel Vázquez Gallego.

He has since made his way into American culture by making appearances in movies such as Hellboy, Perdita Durango, Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London and Blade II. He also was the dubbing actor for Jack Black's role Eddie Riggs in the European Spanish release of the video game Brütal Legend.

Because of his success, Santiago Segura has become a producer. He owns Amiguetes Entertainment company and has produced Promedio Rojo (featuring Nicolás López).

Filmography[link]

• "Relatos de .anoche" (1989) (short)
• "Eduardo" (1990) (short)
• "Evilio" (1992) (short)
• "El cobrador del gas sólo llama una vez" (1992) (short)
• Acción mutante (1993)
• "Perturbado" (1993) (short)
• "Evilio vuelve" (1994) (short)
• El día de la Bestia (1995)
• Killer Barbys (1996)
• Perdita Durango (1997)
• Torrente: El brazo tonto de la ley (1998) (actor, writer and director)
• La niña de tus ojos (1998)
• Muertos de risa (1999)
• París-Tombuctú (1999)
• El corazón del guerrero (2000)
• Sabotage! (2000)
• Obra maestra (2000)
• Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella (2001) (actor, writer, director and producer)
• Chica de Río (2001)
• Blade II (2002)
• Asesino en serio (2002) (co-producer)
• El oro de Moscú (2003)
• Tiptoes (2003)
• Una de zombis (2003) (actor and producer)
• Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004)
• Hellboy (2004)
• Isi Disi (2004)
• Promedio rojo (2004) (producer)
• Dí que sí (2004)
• El asombroso mundo de Borjamari y Pocholo (2004) (actor and producer)
• Torrente 3: El protector (2005) (actor, writer, director and producer)
• Isi & Disi, alto voltaje (2006)
• Asterix at the Olympic Games (2008)
• King Shot (2009)
• A Sad Trumpet Ballad (2010)
• Torrente 4 Lethal Crisis (2011)
• Jack and Jill (2011)
• Pa' Habbo (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Santiago Segura at the Internet Movie Database

Salma Hayek
Salma Hayek at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival
Born	Salma Valgarma Hayek Jiménez (1966-09-02) September 2, 1966 (age 45) Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico
Citizenship	American/Mexican
Occupation	Actress, director, producer
Years active	1988–present
Spouse	François-Henri Pinault (m. 2009) «start: (2009)»"Marriage: François-Henri Pinault to Salma Hayek" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Salma_Hayek)
Children	1

Salma Valgarma Hayek Jiménez de Pinault (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsalma ˈxaʝek]; born September 2, 1966)^[1] is a Mexican and American film actress, director and producer. She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her role as Frida Kahlo in the film Frida.

Early life[link]

Hayek was born in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico, the daughter of Diana Jiménez Medina, an opera singer and talent scout, and Sami Hayek Dominguez, an oil company executive who once ran for mayor of Coatzacoalcos.^[2][3][4] Hayek's father is of Lebanese ancestry, while her mother's ancestry is Spanish.^[5][6] Her first given name, Salma, is Arabic for "safe".^[7] Raised in a wealthy, devoutly Roman Catholic^[8] family, she was sent to the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Grand Coteau, Louisiana, at the age of twelve.^[4] While there, she was diagnosed with dyslexia.^[9] She attended college in Mexico City, where she studied International Relations at the Universidad Iberoamericana.^[4]

Career[link]

Mexico[link]

At the age of 23, Hayek landed the title role in Teresa (1989), a successful Mexican telenovela that made her a star in Mexico. In 1994, Hayek starred in the film El Callejón de los Milagros (Miracle Alley), which has won more awards than any other movie in the history of Mexican cinema.^{[citation needed]} For her performance, Hayek was nominated for an Ariel Award.^[10]

Early Hollywood acting work[link]

Hayek moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1991 to study acting under Stella Adler.^[11] She had limited fluency in English, which was attributed to her suffering from dyslexia.^[12] Robert Rodriguez and his producer and then wife Elizabeth Avellan soon gave Hayek a starring role opposite Antonio Banderas in 1995's Desperado.^[4] She followed her role in Desperado with a brief role as a vampire queen in From Dusk Till Dawn, in which she performed a table-top snake dance.

Hayek had a starring part opposite Matthew Perry in the 1997 romantic comedy Fools Rush In. In 1999, she co-starred in Will Smith's big-budget Wild Wild West, and played a supporting role in Kevin Smith's Dogma.^[4] In 2000, Hayek had an uncredited acting part opposite Benicio del Toro in Traffic. In 2003, she reprised her role from Desperado by appearing in Once Upon a Time in Mexico, the final film of the Mariachi Trilogy.

Director, producer and actress[link]

Hayek at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival

Hayek and Banderas at the Puss in Boots premiere in Australia.

Around 2000, Hayek founded film production company Ventanarosa, through which she produces film and television projects. Her first feature as a producer was 1999's El Coronel No Tiene Quien Le Escriba, Mexico's official selection for submission for Best Foreign Film at the Oscars.^[13]

Frida, co-produced by Hayek, was released in 2002. Starring Hayek as Frida Kahlo, and Alfred Molina as her unfaithful husband, Diego Rivera, the film was directed by Julie Taymor and featured an entourage of stars in supporting and minor roles (Valeria Golino, Ashley Judd, Edward Norton, Geoffrey Rush) and cameos (Antonio Banderas). She earned a Best Actress Academy Award nomination for her performance.^[4]

In the Time of the Butterflies is a 2001 feature film based on the Julia Álvarez book of the same name, covering the lives of the Mirabal sisters. In the movie, Salma Hayek plays one of the sisters, Minerva, and Edward James Olmos plays the Dominican dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo whom the sisters opposed.^{[citation needed]}

In 2003, Hayek produced and directed The Maldonado Miracle, a Showtime movie based on the book of the same name, winning her a Daytime Emmy Award^[14] for Outstanding Directing in a Children/Youth/Family Special.^[15] In December 2005, she directed a music video for Prince, titled "Te Amo Corazon" ("I love you, sweetheart") that featured Mía Maestro.^[16]

Hayek was an executive producer of Ugly Betty, a television series that aired around the world from 2006 to 2010. Hayek adapted the series for American television with Ben Silverman, who acquired the rights and scripts from the Colombian telenovela Yo Soy Betty La Fea in 2001. Originally intended as a half hour sitcom for NBC in 2004, the project would later be picked up by ABC for the 2006–2007 season with Silvio Horta also producing. Hayek guest-starred on Ugly Betty as Sofia Reyes, a magazine editor. She also had a cameo playing an actress in the telenovela within the show. The show won a Golden Globe Award for Best Comedy Series in 2007. Hayek's performance as Sofia resulted in a nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards.^[17]

In April 2007, Hayek finalized negotiations with MGM to become the CEO of her own Latin themed film production company, Ventanarosa.^[18] The following month, she signed a two year deal with ABC for Ventanarosa to develop projects for the network.^[19]

Hayek stars as the wife of Adam Sandler in Grown Ups, which also co-stars Chris Rock and Kevin James.^[20] At his insistence, Hayek co-starred with Antonio Banderas in the Shrek spin-off film Puss in Boots as the voice of the character Kitty Softpaws, who serves as Puss's female counterpart and love interest.^[21]

Singing credits[link]

Hayek has been credited as a song performer in three movies. The first was Desperado for the song Quedate Aquí. In Frida she performed the Mexican folk song La Bruja with the band Los Vega. She also recorded Siente mi amor, which played during the end credits of Once Upon a Time in Mexico.^{[citation needed]}

Promotional work[link]

Hayek featured on the cover of Veronica magazine, as seen here on an SUV in Amsterdam

Hayek has been a spokesperson for Avon cosmetics since February 2004.^[22] She formerly was a spokesperson for Revlon in 1998. In 2001, she modeled for Chopard and was featured in 2006 Campari adverts, photographed by Mario Testino.^[23] On April 3, 2009, she helped introduce La Doña, a watch by Cartier inspired by fellow Mexican actress María Félix.^[24]

In 2011, Hayek launched her own line of cosmetics, skincare and haircare products called Nuance by Salma Hayek, to be sold at CVS stores in North America.^[25] She was inspired to create a cosmetic line from her grandmother, who used to make her own facial care products.

Hayek was also featured in a series of Spanish language commercials for Lincoln cars.

In art[link]

In spring 2006, the Blue Star Contemporary Art Center in San Antonio, Texas displayed 16 portrait paintings by muralist George Yepes and filmmaker Robert Rodriguez of Hayek as Aztec goddess Itzpapalotl.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life[link]

Hayek is a naturalized United States citizen.^[26] She studied at Ramtha's School of Enlightenment,^[27] and is a practitioner of yoga.^[28] Her brother, Sami Hayek,^[29] is a designer with his own line of products at Target^[30] and clients that include Louis Vuitton, Brad Pitt, and the Mexican Government.^[31]

On March 9, 2007, Hayek confirmed her engagement to a French billionaire and PPR CEO François-Henri Pinault as well as her pregnancy. On September 21, 2007, she gave birth to daughter Valentina Paloma Pinault at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. On July 18, 2008, Hayek and Pinault announced the end of their engagement.^[32] They later reconciled and were married on Valentine's Day, 2009 in Paris.^[33] On April 25, 2009, they were married a second time in Venice.^[34]

In July 2011, Hayek's husband was named in a paternity case. According to reports, Pinault is the father of supermodel Linda Evangelista's four-year-old son, Augustin James. He denied all allegations,^[35][36] although the reports were later substantiated.

Activism[link]

Hayek's charitable work includes increasing awareness on violence against women and discrimination against immigrants.^{[37][dead link]} On July 19, 2005, Hayek testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary supporting reauthorizing the Violence Against Women Act.^[38] In February 2006, she donated $25,000 to a Coatzacoalcos, Mexico, shelter for battered women and another $50,000 to Monterrey based anti-domestic violence groups.^[39] Hayek is a board member of V-Day, the charity founded by playwright Eve Ensler.

Since the birth of her daughter, Hayek has worked to help mothers in developing nations worldwide, teaming up with Pampers and UNICEF to help stop the spread of life-threatening maternal and neonatal tetanus. She is a global spokesperson for the Pampers/UNICEF partnership 1 Pack = 1 Vaccine to help raise awareness of the program.^[40]

Hayek also advocates breastfeeding. During a UNICEF fact-finding trip to Sierra Leone, she breastfed a hungry week-old baby whose mother could not produce milk.^[41]

In 2010, Hayek's humanitarian work earned her a nomination for the VH1 Do Something Awards.^[42]

Honors and awards[link]

• Recipient of Glamour magazine Woman of the Year Award in October 2001.^[43]
• Recipient of Producers Guild of America Celebration of Diversity Award in 2003.
• Recipient of Harvard Foundation Artist of the Year Award in February 2006.^[44]
• Recipient of Time magazine 25 Most Influential Hispanics in 2005.^[45]
• Knight (Chevalier) of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (France, 30 December 2011)^[46]

In July 2007, The Hollywood Reporter ranked Hayek fourth in their inaugural Latino Power 50, a list of the most powerful members of the Hollywood Latino community.^[47] That same month, a poll found Hayek to be the "sexiest celebrity" out of a field of 3,000 celebrities (male and female); according to the poll, "65 percent of the U.S. population would use the term 'sexy' to describe her".^[48] In 2008, she was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award in recognition of her excellence and innovation in her creative works that have enhanced the perception of women through the medium of television^[49] In December of that year, Entertainment Weekly ranked Hayek number 17 in their list of the "25 Smartest People in TV."^[50]

Hayek is not the only Mexican actress to succeed in Hollywood. Others include Dolores del Río, Lupe Vélez and Katy Jurado.^[51]

Filmography[link]

Event appearances[link]

• Was a member of the 2005 Cannes Film Festival jury.^[53]
• Co-hosted the annual Nobel Peace Prize concert with Julianne Moore in Oslo, Norway on December 11, 2005.^[54]

References[link]