A chemical depilatory is a cosmetic preparation used to remove the hair from the skin on the human body. Currently, common active ingredients are calcium thioglycolate or potassium thioglycolate, which breaks down the disulphide bonds in keratin and weakens the hair so that it is easily scraped off where it emerges from the hair follicle.

This break down reaction is affected by the calcium hydroxide or the potassium hydroxide (both alkali). The resulting combinations of calcium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and thioglycolic acid are calcium thioglycolate(CaTG) or potassium thioglycolate (KTG). The calcium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide are present in excess to enable the thioglycolic acid to react with the cystine present joining chains in hair protein. The reaction is:

    2 HSCH2CO2H (thioglycolic acid)  +  R-S-S-R (cystine)  ----->  
         HO2CCH2-S-S-CH2CO2H (dithiodiglycolic acid)  +  2 RSH  (cysteine).

As the epidermis is also rich in keratin, the skin may become irritated and sensitive if the preparation is left on for too long. Chemical depilatories are used primarily for the arms and legs. They should not be used on the face unless specifically listed for that purpose on the product's label.

Chemical depilatories are available in gel, cream, lotion, aerosol, roll-on, and powder forms. Common brands include Nair, Magic Shave and Veet.

Advantages[link]

• Inexpensive^{[citation needed]}
• Fast
• A pain free hair removal method
• Easy to do, no experience or professional assistance required^[1]
• Various strength products available to dissolve even the strongest of hairs
• Can be done at home
• Available over-the-counter

Disadvantages[link]

• Effect lasts a short time. Regrowth begins to appear generally within 2-5 days
• Dark-haired users may be left with a visible "shadow" of dark hair under skin
• Chemical depilatory creams are generally foul in odor and messy to use
• Can cause skin irritation

See also[link]

• Hair removal

References[link]

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Josie Maran
Born	Johanna Selhorst Maran (1978-05-08) May 8, 1978 (age 34) Menlo Park, California, U.S.
Height	1.72 m (5 ft 8 in)[1]
Hair color	Brown
Eye color	Brown
Measurements	(US) 34C-23-34 ; (EU) 86.5-58.5-86.5
Dress size	(US) 4 ; (EU) 34

Johanna Selhorst "Josie" Maran (born May 8, 1978) is an American model, actress, and entrepreneur.^[2]

Early life[link]

Maran was born in Menlo Park, California. She is of Russian Jewish descent on her paternal side.^[3] Maran attended Castilleja School, an all-girls' school in Palo Alto, California from grades 6 to 12.^[4]

Career[link]

While she was still in high school, Maran was approached by a woman who asked her for a modeling performance^{[clarification needed]} in San Francisco, and a scouting agent encouraged her to pursue modeling professionally.^{[citation needed]} Her first cover was Glamour in 1998. In 1990, an appendectomy left Maran with a noticeable scar that is typically edited out of photos.

Signed at age 17 with the Elite modeling agency of Los Angeles, Maran appeared on her first cover with Glamour magazine in 1998; she was then the featured Guess? Girl in their summer 1998 and fall 1998 campaigns. After building a résumé of over 25 commercials and advertisements, including playing Howie D's companion in the music video of Backstreet Boys hit Everybody (Backstreet's Back), in which she was bitten on the neck by Count Dracula (played by Howie D), Maran moved cross-country to join with Elite in New York City. In 1999, she landed a multi-year deal with Maybelline. Maran appeared in the annual Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue for two consecutive years; from 2001 to 2002. Maran is also signed with London agency Storm Model Management, and 1/One Management in New York City.

Maran's interest in music led her to play casually in two bands: Darling, with socialite Nicole Richie, and Hollywood 2000, where she sang and played violin.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001, Maran appeared in an independent film, as title character Mallory in The Mallory Effect. Maran followed this by appearing as Susan in Swatters in 2002. In 2004, she appeared in three films - as a French model in Little Black Book, as one of Dracula's brides, Marishka, in Van Helsing, and briefly as a cigarette girl in The Aviator. Maran appeared in a short film "The Confession" alongside Wentworth Miller in 2005, and as Kira Hayden in The Gravedancers in 2006.

She was recruited in 2005 by EA Games to appear as a main character in the street-racing computer and video game, Need for Speed: Most Wanted, which was released on November 17, 2005. She plays the game's second lead Mia Townsend, who guides the lead character through the game.^[5]

In June 2007, Maran launched her own natural cosmetics product line, named Josie Maran Cosmetics.^[6] Beyond her business activities she commits herself to the protection and improvement of nature and the environment.^[7]

Maran competed in the 2007 season of Dancing with the Stars, but she and dance partner Alec Mazo were the first couple eliminated.

Personal life[link]

Maran and her husband^[8], Iranian American photographer Ali Alborzi, have one daughter, Rumi Joon.^[9] They are currently expecting their second child.^[10]

Filmography[link]

• Swatters (2002): Susan
• The Mallory Effect (2002): Mallory
• The Aviator (2004): Thelma
• Little Black Book (2004): Lulu Fritz
• Van Helsing (2004): Marishka
• The Confession (2005): Wife
• The Gravedancers (2005): Kira Hastings
• Need For Speed: Most Wanted (VG) (2005): Mia Townsend

Television and radio appearances[link]

• The Howard Stern Show (2000)
• The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn (2004) (2002)
• Van Helsing: Behind the Screams (2004)
• Late Night with Conan O'Brien (2004)
• Jimmy Kimmel Live (2007) (2005) (2004) (2003)
• Dancing with the Stars (2007) (Voted off after 1 episode)
• Karma Air (2008)
• Music video for "Everybody (Backstreet's Back)" by Backstreet Boys (1997)
• Music video for "Morning Light" by Truman (2004)
• America's Next Top Model, Cycle 13 Guest Judge, episode "Dance With Me" (October 7, 2009)

References[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Josie Maran

External links[link]

• Josie Maran at the Internet Movie Database
• Josie Maran at the Fashion Model Directory