- published: 18 Dec 2007
- views: 57369
- author: Assen Spassov
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- 100 North Tampa
- 1996 NFL season
- 2002 NFL Season
- 2008 World Series
- 31st Fighter Wing
- 482d Fighter Wing
- 56th Fighter Wing
- 9 to 5
- Abilene Trophy
- Adams-Onís Treaty
- Agriculture
- Agrigento
- Air Combat Command
- Air Force Reserve
- Air Mobility Command
- Al Lang Field
- Alvin Brown
- American Civil War
- American Jews
- American South
- Amtrak
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- Anglicans
- Anna Maria, Florida
- Aquaculture
- Archaeologist
- Area code 813
- Arena Bowl
- Arizona
- Armwood High School
- Art Deco
- Ashdod
- Asian (U.S. Census)
- At-large
- Atlanta
- Atlantic Ocean
- Aviation
- B-47
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- Babe Zaharias
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- Baldomero Lopez
- Ballast Point, Tampa
- Barranquilla
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- Bay County, Florida
- Bay Pines, Florida
- Bayshore Boulevard
- Belize
- Belleair, Florida
- Big Bend (Florida)
- Big East Conference
- Bill Clinton
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- Billy Graham
- Bisexual
- Black
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- Blizzard
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- Bob Buckhorn
- Bolita
- Bone Valley
- Boomtown
- Boyette, Florida
- Bradenton, Florida
- Brandon, Florida
- Bridge
- Bro Bowl
- Buddhism
- Buddy Dyer
- Busch Gardens
- C-37 Gulfstream V
- Calgary Flames
- Calusa
- Cancer
- Cannibal Corpse
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- Caribbean
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- Carrollwood, Florida
- Category Florida
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- Central Florida
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- Christian
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- Cityscape of Tampa
- Class A-Advanced
- Clay County, Florida
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- Coconut palm
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- Colombia
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- County seat
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- Craig Lowe
- Creative Loafing
- Crime in Florida
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- Cubans
- Culture of Florida
- Dade City, Florida
- Dale Mabry Highway
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- Davis Islands, Tampa
- Daylight saving time
- Death metal
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- Del Rio, Florida
- Delaware Valley
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- Dover, Florida
- Downtown Tampa
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- East Bay High School
- East Tampa, Florida
- East Tampa, Tampa
- Eastern Time Zone
- Eckerd College
- Economy of Florida
- Education in Florida
- Egypt Lake, Florida
- Ellenton, Florida
- Emerald Coast
- English language
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- Fish Hawk, Florida
- Five Riots in Tampa
- Flag of Tampa
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- France
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- French language
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- Halloween
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- Jim Leavitt
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- Kefauver hearings
- Key West
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- Lake effect snow
- Lake Fern, Florida
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- Lesbian
- Leto, Florida
- Lettuce Lake Park
- Levy County, Florida
- LGBT
- Liberal arts college
- Light rail
- List of countries
- Lithia, Florida
- Lockheed WP-3D Orion
- Lori Cohen Moseley
- Lowry Park Zoo
- Luke AFB
- Lutheranism
- Lutz, Florida
- MacDill AFB
- Mafia
- Manatee County
- Mango, Florida
- Mardi Gras
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- Maxim (magazine)
- Mayor
- Mayor of Tampa
- Media in Tampa Bay
- Memphis, Florida
- Metalcore
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- Metro Detroit
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- Mexico
- Miami
- Miami Beach, Florida
- Miami, Florida
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- Montana
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- Morrisound Recording
- Mosques
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- Movie palace
- MS Norwegian Star
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- MyNetworkTV
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- Newsweek
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- Opera Tampa
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- Outback Bowl
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- Palma Ceia, Tampa
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- Passenger airline
- Pentecostalism
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- Peter Bober
- Phoenix, Arizona
- Phosphate
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- Planetarium
- Plant City, Florida
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- Politics of Florida
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- Port of Tampa
- Port Tampa, Tampa
- Portal Florida
- Poverty line
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- Quakers
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- Reax Music Magazine
- Research Triangle
- Retail
- Richmond–Petersburg
- Rick Scott
- Rocky Creek, Florida
- Rocky the Bull
- Rough Riders
- Roy Gold
- Royal palm
- Ruskin, Florida
- San Antonio, Florida
- Santo Domingo
- Sarasota
- Sarasota, Florida
- Scarlet (color)
- Sea breeze
- Seal of Tampa
- Second Seminole War
- Seffner, Florida
- Seminole
- Seminole, Florida
- Server farm
- Shipping
- Shirley Gibson
- Sicily
- Sickles High School
- Siesta Key, Florida
- Silicon Valley
- Silver Meteor
- Sister city
- Skatepark of Tampa
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- Soccer Bowl
- Soho, Tampa, Florida
- South Florida
- South Florida Bulls
- South Tampa
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- Space Coast
- Spain
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- Spanish-American War
- Sparta
- Spring Hill, Florida
- Spring training
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- Super Bowl
- Super Bowl XLIII
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- Synagogues
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- Tallahassee, Florida
- Tampa Bay
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- Tampa Bay Downs
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- TECO Energy
- Template Florida
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- Temple
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- The Big Guava
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- Theravada
- Thrash metal
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- Tibetan Buddhism
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- WFLA-TV
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- Wikimedia Foundation
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- Wilderness
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- ZIP Code
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100 North Tampa
100 North Tampa, formerly known as the Regions Building and the AmSouth Building, is a skyscraper in Tampa, Florida, USA. Rising to a height of 579 feet (176 m) and 42 floors in Downtown Tampa, the structure currently stands as the tallest building in Tampa and the ninth-tallest building in Florida. 100 North Tampa was designed by the HKS, Inc. architectural firm, headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The building, an example of postmodern architecture, holds offices for Regions Bank, the American International Group, KPMG and notable international law firm Holland & Knight.
100 North Tampa began construction after a groundbreaking ceremony in May 1990, and was completed and opened in June 1992. Civil Engineering and Surveying for the structure was completed by John Herrick, PE, PLS of Greiner Engineering. The building was designed as the Citizens and Southern Bank Plaza, but opened in 1992 as the AmSouth Building after its primary tenant, AmSouth Bancorporation. AmSouth merged with Regions Bank on May 25, 2005, and the building was renamed the Regions Building. However, shortly thereafter, the building's owners adopted its street address as the structure's official name.
wn.com/100_North_Tampa -
Agrigento
Agrigento
listen (help·info) (Sicilian: Girgenti), is a city on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy, and capital of the province of Agrigento. It is renowned as the site of the ancient Greek city of Akragas (also known as Acragas (Ἀκράγας) in Greek, Agrigentum in Latin and Kirkent or Jirjent in Arabic), one of the leading cities of Magna Graecia during the golden age of Ancient Greece.
Agrigento was founded on a plateau overlooking the sea, with two nearby rivers, the Hypsas and the Akragas, and a ridge to the north offering a degree of natural fortification. Its establishment took place around 582-580 BC and is attributed to Greek colonists from Gela, who named it Akragas.
Akragas grew rapidly, becoming one of the richest and most famous of the Greek colonies of Magna Graecia. It came to prominence under the 6th-century tyrants Phalaris and Theron, and became a democracy after the overthrow of Theron's son Thrasydaeus. Although the city remained neutral in the conflict between Athens and Syracuse, its democracy was overthrown when the city was sacked by the Carthaginians in 406 BC. Akragas never fully recovered its former status, though it revived to some extent under Timoleon in the latter part of the 4th century.
wn.com/Agrigento -
Anna Maria, Florida
Anna Maria, is a city in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,814 at the 2000 census. According to the 2005 U.S. Census Bureau's estimates, the city grew slightly to 1,867. The city occupies the northern part of Anna Maria Island and is one of three municipalities on the island. The others are Holmes Beach in the center and Bradenton Beach in the south.
Anna Maria is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area.
In 1892, George Emerson Bean homesteaded the north 160 acres (0.65 km2) of Anna Maria Island. After his death in 1898, the land went to his son, George Wilhelm Bean, who partnered with Charles Roser, a wealthy real estate developer from St. Petersburg, to form the Anna Maria Beach Company to develop the area.
On September 10, 2006, an earthquake occurred in the Gulf of Mexico which was felt on the beach but caused no damage.
Anna Maria is located at 27°31′49″N 82°44′04″W / 27.530214°N 82.734370°W / 27.530214; -82.734370.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2). 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (21.21%) is water.
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Armwood High School
Armwood High School, located in Seffner, Florida, on U.S. Highway 92 opened in August 1984. The school is named after Blanche Armwood, a longtime Tampa resident, educator and activist. The school's mascot is the Hawk. The principal is Mike Ippolito.
Armwood is best known for their powerhouse of a football program, which began in 1986. From 2003-2005, the team made three straight FHSAA state final appearances, defeating Matt Grothe and the Lake Gibson Braves in the 2003 and 2004 class 4A State Championship Games. Their attempt at a three-peat in 2005 fell short. The Hawks, who trailed the Tim Tebow-led Nease Panthers 41-22 going into the fourth quarter, rallied to narrow the score to 44-37 before unraveling on their final drive.
The Hawks have been known for years now to have a distinct home-field-advantage at Lyle Flagg Field. Since the early 2000s, the Hawks have had a strong unofficial student-body section consisting of two groups, the Maroon Platoon and the Blue Crew. With the support of these individuals, the Hawks won an impressive 50 consecutive games at home from 2003-2009.
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Ashdod
Ashdod (Hebrew: אַשְׁדּוֹד (audio) (help·info); Arabic: اشدود, إسدود Isdud), is the sixth-largest city in Israel, located in the Southern District of the country, on the Mediterranean coast, located 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of Tel Aviv and 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Ashkelon and 53 kilometres (33 mi) west of Jerusalem. Ashdod is an important regional industrial center. The Port of Ashdod is Israel's largest port accounting for 60% of the country's imported goods.
The first documented settlement in Ashdod dates to the Canaanite culture of 17th century BCE, making the city one of the oldest in the world. Ashdod is mentioned 13 times in the Bible. During its history the city was settled by Philistines, Israelites, Byzantines, Crusaders and Arabs.
Modern Ashdod was established in 1956 on the sand hills near the site of the ancient town, and incorporated as a city in 1968, with a land-area of approximately 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi). Being a planned city, expansion followed a main development plan, which facilitated traffic and prevented air pollution in the residential areas, despite population growth. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Ashdod had a population of 206,400 at the end of 2009, the sixth largest city in Israel, and had an area of 47,242 dunams (47.242 km2; 18.240 sq mi).
wn.com/Ashdod -
Atlanta
Atlanta ( /ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
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Ballast Point, Tampa
Ballast Point is the name of a neighborhood and a public park located in Tampa, Florida along Tampa Bay. As of the 2000 census, the district had a total population of 17,186. Its park was previously called Jules Verne Park before its name change to Ballast Point Park. Recent renovations in 2006 have a new playground and walks. A pier restoration was recently completed.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the district has a total area of 3.8 mi². 3.8 mi² of it is land and none of it is covered by water.
As of the census of 2000, there are 5,361 people and 2,494 households in the district. The population density is 4,579 per square mile. The racial makeup of the district is 81% White, 7% Black or African American, 0% Native American, 3% Asian and Pacific Islander, and 2% from two or more races. 8% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
In the district the population is spread out with 6.1% under 5 years; 6% 5 to 9 years; 10.6% 10 to 19 years; 31.9% 20 to 39 years; 29.4% 40 to 59 years; 12.8% 60 to 79 years; and 3.1% 80 Years and Over. For every 100 females, there are 98 males.
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Barranquilla
Barranquilla (Spanish pronunciation: [baraŋˈkiʝa]) is an industrial port city and municipality located in northern Colombia, near the Caribbean Sea. The capital of the Atlántico Department, it is the largest industrial city and port in the Colombian Caribbean region with a population of 1,885,500 as of 2011 in its metropolitan area, which makes it Colombia's fourth most populous city after Bogotá, Medellín and Cali.
Barranquilla lies strategically next to the delta of the Magdalena River, 7.5 kilometres (originally 25 km before rapid urban growth) from its mouth at the Caribbean Sea, serving as port for river and maritime transportation within Colombia. It is also the main industrial, shopping, educational and cultural centre of the Caribbean Region of Colombia. The city is the core of the Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla, which is constituted by the municipalities of Soledad, Galapa, Malambo, and Puerto Colombia.
Barranquilla was legally established as a town on April 7, 1813, although it dated from at least 1629. It grew into an important port, serving as a haven for immigrants from Europe, especially during and right after World War I and World War II, with waves of additional immigrants from the Middle East and Asia. Barranquilla became Colombia's principal port, and with its level of industrialization and modernity earned the city the nickname Colombia's Golden Gate (Spanish: La Puerta de Oro de Colombia). In the 1940s, Barranquilla was the second largest city in Colombia and one of the most modern cities in the Caribbean and in South America, while later, local administrations, given to widespread corruption, brought about a decline in the standard of living. As government investment increased in other Colombian cities, Barranquilla's national position was surpassed.
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Bay County, Florida
Bay County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. The population as of the 2010 census was 168,852. Its county seat is Panama City, Florida. The county is best known for its white sand beaches and crystal blue water, where large pods of dolphins swim year-round. These beaches attract hundreds of thousands of visitors from all over the world each year.
Bay County is coextensive with the Panama City-Lynn Haven-Panama City Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area, one of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) designated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and used for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and other agencies. The OMB has designated Panama City, Lynn Haven, and Panama City Beach as the metropolitan statistical area's principal cities. The Panama City, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area was first defined in 1981. Lynn Haven was added as a principal city in 2003. On November 20, 2008, the MSA took on its present name when Panama City Beach was designated a principal city by the Office of Management and Budget.
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Bay Pines, Florida
Bay Pines is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,931 at the 2010 census. The community is home to Bay Pines Veterans Hospital and Bay Pines National Cemetery.
Bay Pines is located at 27°49′9″N 82°46′36″W / 27.81917°N 82.77667°W / 27.81917; -82.77667 (27.819235, -82.776658).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.8 km² (2.2 mi²). 3.6 km² (1.4 mi²) of it is land and 2.2 km² (0.9 mi²) of it (38.22%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,065 people, 1,465 households, and 879 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 851.4/km² (2,198.9/mi²). There were 1,728 housing units at an average density of 480.0/km² (1,239.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.91% White, 0.23% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.46% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.35% of the population.
There were 1,465 households out of which 17.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.66.
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Belize
Belize
i/bəˈliːz/ (formerly British Honduras) is a country located on the north eastern coast of Central America and it is the only country in the area where English is the official language, although Kriol and Spanish are more commonly spoken. Belize is bordered to the north by Mexico, south and west by Guatemala, and to the east by the Caribbean Sea. Its mainland is about 290 kilometres (180 mi) long and 110 kilometres (68 mi) wide.
With 22,960 square kilometres (8,860 sq mi) of land and a population of only 333,200 inhabitants (2010 est.), Belize possesses the lowest population density in Central America. The country's population growth rate of 2.21% (2008 est.), however, is the highest in the region and one of the highest in the western hemisphere. Belize's abundance of terrestrial and marine species, and its diversity of ecosystems give it a key place within the globally significant Mesoamerican Biological Corridor.
Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages and it is the only nation in the region with a British colonial heritage but as a part of the Western Caribbean Zone, it also shares a common heritage with the Caribbean portions of other Central American countries. In general, Belize is considered to be a Central American nation with strong ties to both the Caribbean and Latin America. Belize is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA).
wn.com/Belize -
Belleair, Florida
Belleair is a town in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 3,869.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2). 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of it is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2) of it (36.30%) is water.
The Town of Belleair has a Council-Manager form of government. The current Town Manager is Micah Maxwell who was hired in August 2006. The current mayor and commissioners are:
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,067 people, 1,973 households, and 1,225 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,265.8 inhabitants per square mile (877.2/km²). There were 2,263 housing units at an average density of 1,260.8 per square mile (488.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.35% White, 0.15% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.53% of the population.
There were 1,973 households out of which 17.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.58.
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Boyette, Florida
Boyette is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,895 at the 2000 census.
Boyette is located at 27°50′33″N 82°17′8″W / 27.8425°N 82.28556°W / 27.8425; -82.28556 (27.842383, -82.285691).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 6.9 square miles (18 km2), of which, 6.6 square miles (17 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (4.21%) is water.
Boyette, was established in 1902 by Sarah Boyette, and named the town for her father Thomas Boyette. This farming community once was a thriving little town that boasted a general store with a gas pump, a sawmill ,a railroad depot with loading ramps for crops to be loaded, a church & cemetery, dance hall, turpentine still, and a railroad section foreman with a crew to keep the tracks fixed.
Mr. Wilson, was an early stationmaster and telegraph operator. A.T. Bennett, was the section foreman for the area of track and he and his crew of workers kept the railroad track in good working order. The area where they lived was called the "section houses". This was a rough area and there were shootings and stabbings nearly every weekend. Occasionally moonshine stills would be brought out of the swamp and were busted by the authorities.
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Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton /ˈbreɪdəntən/ BRAY-den-ton is a city in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's 2007 population to be 53,471. Bradenton is the largest Principal City of the Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2007 estimated population of 682,833. It is the county seat.
The area that would become Bradenton was first explored in 1539 by Hernando De Soto, who began his search for the legendary El Dorado at Shaw's Point. The original town of Bradentown was incorporated on May 19, 1903. The city took the name of Dr. Joseph Braden, whose nearby fort-like house was a refuge for early settlers during Seminole Indian attacks. The current city of Bradenton was formed in 1943, when the Florida legislature merged the cities of Manatee (incorporated in 1888) and Bradentown.
Historic properties in Bradenton include:
According to the United States Census Bureau, Bradenton has a total area of 14.44 square miles (37.4 km2). 12.11 square miles (31.4 km2) of it is land and 2.33 square miles (6.0 km2) of it (16.14%) is water.
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Brandon, Florida
Brandon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hillsborough County, Florida, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a total population of 103,483.
Its history began on January 20, 1857, when John Brandon (1809–1886) arrived at Fort Brooke (now Tampa) from Mississippi with his first wife Martha (1813–1867) and six sons. At first he moved his family to what is now the Seffner area. Then in August 1858, John Brandon, purchased 40 acres (160,000 m2) in the New Hope area (now Brandon). and 160 acres (0.65 km2) later on and then named his land Brandon. John and his second wife Victoria's house was located on what would become the corner of Knights and Victoria Street. Four years later, the New Hope Church was built on land donated by Brandon. Besides being the first church in the community, it also served as Brandon's first school.
In 1890, the Florida Central and Peninsula Railroad came through the area, encouraging the people of New Hope to build a depot on Moon Avenue. Charles S. Noble, a Florida Central and Peninsula Railroad engineer, was asked to plat approximately forty acres of land north of present day State Road 60, South of Lake Meade, east of Kings Avenue, and west to Parsons Avenue. Filed on April 24, 1890, the surveyor named the community in honor of John Brandon and Noble Street for himself.
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Cape Coral, Florida
Cape Coral /ˈkɒrəl/ is a municipality located in Lee County, Florida, United States, on the Gulf of Mexico. Founded in 1957 and developed as a master-planned, pre-platted community, the city grew to a population of 154,305 by the year 2010.[citation needed] With an area of 120 square miles (310 km2), Cape Coral is the largest city between Tampa and Miami. It is a principal city in the Cape Coral – Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population estimate for the statistical area was 645,899 for 2009. The city is known as a 'Waterfront Wonderland", since with over 400 miles (640 km) of navigable waterways, Cape Coral has more miles of canals than any other city in the world.
Cape Coral was founded in 1957. Real estate developers Leonard and Jack Rosen purchased a 103-square-mile (270 km2) tract known as Redfish Point for $678,000 in that year and, in 1958, began development of the city as a master-planned, pre-platted community.
The Gulf American Corporation (GAC) was formed to develop the area. Canals were dug, streets paved, houses and businesses built.[citation needed] Cape Coral was promoted like no other Florida development. Celebrities were brought in to tout the benefits of "the Cape," as it is known locally. The first building was the Rosens' company headquarters, at the corner of Coronado and Cape Coral Parkway. Cape Coral's first permanent resident was Kenny Schwartz, the Rosens' general manager. Cape Coral's first four homes were completed in May 1958, on Riverside and Flamingo Drives. Gulf American operated a fleet of five Cessna 172 aircraft to show prospective buyers the development flying 108,000 passengers in a single year.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
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Carrollwood, Florida
Carrollwood is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. Although a separate community, it is a part of the census-designated place (CDP) of Greater Carrollwood. The ZIP code for the community is 33618. The community was a census-designated place during the 1990 census, when the community recorded a population of 7,195.
Carrollwood was founded in 1959 and was built out in the 1960s. The community spread westward during the 1970s and 80's. The community was struck by a tornado outbreak, which occurred throughout Central Florida on April 4, 1966.
Carrollwood is located at 28.1 degrees north, 82.5 degrees west (28.0523, -82.4858). The elevation for the community is 39 feet above sea level.
Carrollwood boundaries include Lake Magdalene to the north, Tampa to the east, Egypt Lake to the south, and Carrollwood Village to the west.
Some of the major roads serving the community are Dale Mabry Highway, Busch Boulevard, and Fletcher Avenue.
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Central Florida
Central Florida a region of the U.S. state of Florida. Different sources give different definitions for the region, but as its name implies it is usually said to comprise the central part of the state, including the Orlando area. It is one of Florida's three best known "directional" regions, along with North Florida and South Florida.
Like all vernacular regions, the Central Florida's boundaries are not official or consistent, and are defined differently by different sources. A 2007 study of Florida's regions by geographers Ary Lamme and Raymond K. Oldakowski found that Floridians surveyed identified Central Florida as comprising a large swath of peninsular Florida. This area encompassed the interior, including the Orlando metropolitan area, and coastal stretches from the Big Bend south to the Tampa Bay Area in the west and from Daytona Beach south to Martin County in the east. In addition, North Central Florida has emerged as a vernacular region representing the interior area in the northern part of the state.
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Cheval, Florida
Cheval is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 10,702 at the 2010 census.
Cheval is located at 28°8′47″N 82°30′56″W / 28.14639°N 82.51556°W / 28.14639; -82.51556 (28.146418, -82.515623).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 6.8 square miles (18 km2), of which, 6.7 square miles (17 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (2.34%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,602 people, 3,407 households, and 2,047 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,137.5 people per square mile (439.4/km²). There were 3,659 housing units at an average density of 547.5/sq mi (211.5/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 85.86% White, 4.63% African American, 0.18% Native American, 5.01% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 2.12% from other races, and 2.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.02% of the population.
There were 3,407 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.88.
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Citrus Park, Florida
Citrus Park is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 24,252 at the 2010 census.
Citrus Park is located at 28°4′41.75″N 82°34′12.27″W / 28.0782639°N 82.570075°W / 28.0782639; -82.570075 (28.078060, -82.570000), or about nine miles northwest of Tampa. [1]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 10.9 square miles (28 km2), of which, 10.6 square miles (27 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (2.94%) is water.
The Citrus Park area is defined as the area assigned the zip code 33625. U.S. Mail may be sent to Citrus Park with the City identified as Tampa or Carrollwood.
High schools (grades 9-12) serving Citrus Park are Sickles, Steinbrenner (Public), Alonso (Public), Citrus Park Christian School (Private-Baptist) and Hope Christian School(Private-Baptist).
Middle Schools (grades 6-8) serving Citrus Park are Sgt. Smith (Public), Walker (Public-Magnet), Tampa Day School (private-Nonsectarian), Citrus Park Christian School (Private-Baptist) and Hope Christian School(Private-Boarding-Baptist).
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Clay County, Florida
Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2010, the population was 190,895. Its county seat is Green Cove Springs, Florida. Clay County is part of the Greater Jacksonville Metropolitan area.
Clay County was created on December 31, 1858, from a section of Duval County. Its name is in honor of Henry Clay, a famous American statesman, member of the United States Senate from Kentucky, and United States Secretary of State in the 19th century.
Clay County was once a popular destination for tourists visiting from the northern states. The therapeutic, warm springs and mild climate were major draws for visitors. Steamboats brought them to various hotels in Green Cove Springs - the St. Elmo, Clarendon and the Oakland. President Grover Cleveland was the most prominent of such tourists; he had spring water shipped to the White House. Clay County's popularity among tourists peaked during the last three decades of the 19th century. It was later eclipsed by Henry Flagler's extension of the Florida East Coast Railway to points south such as Palm Beach and Miami.
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Clearwater, Florida
Clearwater is a city located in Pinellas County, Florida, United States, nearly due west of Tampa and northwest of St. Petersburg. To the west of Clearwater lies the Gulf of Mexico and to the east lies Tampa Bay. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 107,685. It is the county seat of Pinellas County. Clearwater is the smallest of the three principal cities in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater metropolitan area, most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area.
Present-day Clearwater was originally the home of the Tocobaga people. Around 1835, the United States Army began construction of Fort Harrison, named after William Henry Harrison, as an outpost during the Seminole Wars. The fort was located on a bluff overlooking Clearwater Harbor, which later became part of an early 20th century residential development called Harbor Oaks. University of South Florida archaeologists excavated the site in 1977 after Alfred C. Wyllie discovered an underground ammunition bunker while digging a swimming pool on his estate.
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College Hill, Tampa
College Hill is a neighborhood within the city limits of Tampa, Florida in the United States. As of the 2000 census the neighborhood had a population of 520. However this includes only the subdivision of Belmont Heights Estates. Neighboring Ponce de Leon Estates is also part of this neighborhood The ZIP Codes serving the neighborhood are 33605 and 33610. The neighborhood is part of the East Tampa District. The neighborhood includes a new community of Belmont Heights Estates, which was built out in 2002 to replace substandard housing in the area.
The first records show the area listed as A.F. Randall's College Hill Subdivision in 1887. The area was outside of the city limits of Tampa until 1927, and lacked water and sewer connections and most other basic services. The area was mostly rented to blacks, and became the largest black neighborhood in Tampa. College Hill was ``practically the only place in Tampa where Negroes can buy building lots at present,`` wrote Benjamin Mays, director of the Tampa Urban League, in 1927.
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Colombia
Colombia (
/kəˈlʌmbiə/ kə-LUM-biə, or /kəˈlɒmbiə/ kə-LOM-biə), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia [reˈpuβlika ðe koˈlombja]), is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia has maritime borders with Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Colombia is the 26th largest country by area and the fourth largest in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru. With over 46 million people, Colombia is the 27th largest country in the world by population and has the second largest population of any Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico. Colombia is a middle power, with the fourth largest economy in Latin America, and the third largest in South America. Colombia is famous for the production of coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal, and oil. All of these products make up the primary sector of economy.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (i/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] (
listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.
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Dade City, Florida
Dade City is a city in Pasco County, Florida. It is popular with tourists for its antique stores, restaurants and historic architecture including the Pasco County Courthouse, Hugh Embry Library, Crescent Theatre and Edwinola. The annual Kumquat Festival is hosted downtown and the surrounding area is a large producer of the tart kumquat, a citrus fruit eaten whole.
The population was 6,188 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Pasco County. Dade City is a suburb of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 6,615.
Dade City is located at 28°21′42″N 82°11′36″W / 28.361774°N 82.193319°W / 28.361774; -82.193319.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2)—3.3 square miles (8.5 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (2.96%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,188 people, 2,399 households, and 1,460 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,885.3 person per square mile (728.4/km²). There were 2,818 housing units at an average density of 858.6 houses per square mile (331.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 64.90% White, 24.16% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 8.10% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.76% of the population.
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Davie, Florida
Davie is a town in Broward County, Florida, United States. The town's population was 91,992 at the 2010 census.
Davie was founded by Jake Tannebaum and Tamara Toussaint. The original name of the town was Zona. In 1909 R.P. Davie assisted then Governor Broward by draining the swamplands that were inhabited by mosquitoes. Robert Parsell (R.P.) Davie, a developer, bought about 27,000 acres (109 km2) in the area. He built a school in Zona and in 1916, the people of the town were so grateful they renamed the town after him. It was carved out of Everglades land that was mostly under water.
Davie has always had a reputation as a "Western" town. It boasts a significant horse-owning population and once was home to many herds of cattle. In recent years, commercial and residential development has discouraged such practices but Davie still tries to maintain a "Western" feel. Pioneer City, a western theme park, was located across the street from Flamingo Gardens. It was built in the 1960s and closed a few years later.
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Davis Islands, Tampa
Davis Islands is a Tampa neighborhood and archipelago on two islands in Hillsborough County, Florida. Its proximity to Downtown Tampa and its views of the Port of Tampa have made it a popular area to live. The area's population was 5,436 at the 2000 census.
Davis Island was built upon two man-made islands atop two small natural islands formerly known as "Little Grassy Key" and "Big Grassy Key" at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. The islands were built from mud dredged from the bottom of Tampa Bay in the 1920s and expanded. This dredge-and-fill operation was undertaken at the height of the Florida Land Boom by developer and Tampa native D. P. Davis. Davis then purchased all the dredged land for $350,000. He planned a resort community with three hotels, nine-hole golf course, airport, and swimming pool. D.P. Davis then sold 306 of the original lots for $1,683,582. The development stalled when the Florida land boom of the early 1920s wound down, and Davis was mysteriously lost at sea while making a transatlantic voyage in October 1926.
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Del Rio, Florida
Del Rio is an unincorporated, urban community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States, between Tampa and Temple Terrace, near the Hillsborough River. The community is known as The Fishbowl to locals (because many streets in the area are named for fishes.)
Del Rio is bounded by Tampa to the west, the Hillsborough River to the north, East Lake-Orient Park to the south, and 56th Street (SR 583) to the east.
Del Rio was laid out in the 1950s and 60's as one of the suburban communities of Tampa. The community has grown rapidly during the 1960s and 1970s. Its peak population according to the Census was 8,248 in 1990.
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Delaware Valley
In general, the Delaware Valley is a term used to refer to the valley where the Delaware River flows.
However, this article discusses the economic region centered on the cities on the tidal part of the Delaware Valley, including the metropolitan areas centered on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. and Wilmington, Delaware. It is roughly the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware-Maryland (PA-NJ-DE-MD) Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Delaware Valley as discussed here is composed of several counties in Eastern Pennsylvania and Western New Jersey, one county in northern Delaware and one county in northeastern Maryland. The area has a population of over 6.1 million (as of the 2010 Census Bureau count). Philadelphia, being the region's major commercial, cultural, and industrial center, maintains a rather large sphere of influence that affects the counties that immediately surround it. The majority of the region's populace resides in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
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Dover, Florida
Dover is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2010 census.
Dover is located at 27°59′40″N 82°13′0″W / 27.99444°N 82.216667°W / 27.99444; -82.216667 (27.994457, -82.216630).
Dover is a Tampa suburb located approximately 24 Miles from the Metropolitan Area Business District. According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2), of which, 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (1.14%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,798 people, 751 households, and 615 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,070.7 people per square mile (413.9/km²). There were 842 housing units at an average density of 322.2/sq mi (124.6/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 74.12% White, 0.43% African American, 1.04% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.25% Pacific Islander, 19.12% from other races, and 4.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50.86% of the population.
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Downtown Tampa
Downtown Tampa is the central business district of Tampa, Florida and the chief financial district of the Tampa Bay Area. It is second only to Westshore regarding employment in the area. Companies with a major presence downtown include Bank of America, SunTrust and Verizon. The Tampa Convention Center is located on the river.
Downtown Tampa is bounded by the Hillsborough River to the west, Channelside to the east, Interstate 275 to the north, Davis Islands and Harbour Island to the south. The total area for the area is 521 acres (2.11 km2). Historical Fort Brooke was located at the southern end of downtown Tampa, near the mouth of the Hillsborough River. The TECO Streetcar takes passengers from downtown to other core areas of Tampa.
The downtown area contains such important cultural landmarks as the Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center, Tampa Theatre, Tampa Museum of Art, Jobsite Theater and the Henry B. Plant Museum on the University of Tampa campus. The UT campus itself has been recognized as a local "wonder" while the newly-completed Museum of Art deemed a work of art itself.[5] Zack Street in the northern half of downtown is in the works to become an art district, called "Avenue of the Arts."
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Dunedin, Florida
Dunedin ( /dəˈniːdɨn/) is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. The population was 35,321 at the 2010 census.
Dunedin is home to several beaches, including Dunedin Causeway, Honeymoon Island, and Caladesi Island State Park, which is consistently rated among the best beaches in the world. Dunedin is one of the few open waterfront communities from Sarasota to Cedar Key where buildings do not completely obscure the view of the Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf of Mexico beyond; a 1-mile (1.6 km) stretch of Edgewater Drive (also known as Alternate US 19) south of downtown offers views of St. Joseph Sound, Clearwater Beach, and Caladesi Island. Downtown Clearwater and Clearwater Beach are a 6-mile (10 km) drive south on Edgewater.
The downtown business district is notable for its absence of large commercial signage, corporate franchise restaurants or chain retail stores. The Pinellas Trail, a 39-mile-long (63 km) bicycle and pedestrian trail that traverses all of Pinellas County, bisects downtown Dunedin.
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East Bay High School
East Bay Senior High School was chartered in 1957 on Big Bend Road in Gibsonton, Florida. The school's current facility was established in 1971, on a new campus adjacent to the east of the old one. Its former campus is now the campus of Eisenhower Middle School.
East Bay High School is located in Gibsonton. It generally attracts students from Apollo Beach, Gibsonton, and Riverview, however it once hosted students from as far south as Ruskin and Sun City to as far north as the Clair-mel and Progress Village subdivisions.[citation needed]
The school surpasses its 1,700 student capacity on a regular basis. In the 2005-2006 school year, the school held around 2,300 students. With the opening of two new high schools--Spoto High School and Earl J. Lennard High School--in 2006, the school's population since then holds steady at around 2,000 students.
The school received a grade of "A" from Florida Department of Education for the first time in its history in 2009-2010 under the leadership of principal Sharon Morris. It received a grade of "B" for the 2010-2011 school year, also the first time in the school's history.
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East Tampa, Florida
East Tampa is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. Although a separate community, it is a part of the census-designated place (CDP) of Gibsonton. The ZIP code for the community is 33619. It's part of the Palm River-East Tampa CCD, which recorded an estimate population of 29,112 in 2007.
East Tampa is located at 27.9 degrees north, 82.4 degrees west (27.8649, 82.38028); or about 11.8 miles southeast of Tampa. The elevation for the community is 11 feet above sea level.
East Tampa boundaries include Gibsonton to the south, Interstate 75 to the east, Riverview Drive to the north, and U.S. Highway 41 to the west.
Some of the major roads serving the community include:
The community of East Tampa is served by Hillsborough County Schools.
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East Tampa, Tampa
East Tampa is a district within the city limits of Tampa, Florida. As of the 2000 census the neighborhood had a population of 15,121. The ZIP Codes serving the neighborhood are 33605 and 33610. The district is about four miles northeast of Downtown Tampa.
East Tampa boundaries are roughly Hillsborough Avenue to the north, 15th Street to the west, Interstate 4 to the south, and 40th Street to the east. [1]
The area has been the location of several riots.
Source: Hillsborough County Atlas
As of the census of 2010, there were 15,121 people and 5,207 households residing in the neighborhood. The population density was 4,111/mi². The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 7.5% Non-Hispanic White, 74.0% Non Hispanic African American, 0.0% Native American, 1.5% Asian, less than 1.0% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.0% of the population.
There were 5,207 households out of which 30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29% were married couples living together, 18% had a female householder with no husband present, and 6% were non-families. 28% of all households were made up of individuals.
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Eckerd College
Eckerd College is a private 4-year coeducational liberal arts college at the southernmost tip of St. Petersburg, Florida, in the Tampa Bay metropolitan area. The college is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Eckerd College has a suburban 188-acre (0.76 km2) campus on Frenchman's Creek and Boca Ciega Bay, about 3 miles (4.8 km) from Gulf of Mexico beaches. The campus is near, but separate from, residential and commercial neighborhoods of St. Petersburg. The college is committed to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable campus, supported by such initiatives as its Yellow Bike program.
The college has several architectural styles, but a common feature is the use of glass and external views to emphasize a connection with the environment. Recent campus additions include the Peter H. Armacost Library, Iota residential housing complex, sports facilities, a renovated student center and the renovated Miller Auditorium. Other campus buildings include those designed and used for classrooms, laboratories, offices, conferences, theatrical productions, musical instruction, art exhibits, athletic events, and student services. The just-finished Iota housing complex was constructed to be ecologically friendly. The college is currently constructing the Center for Molecular and Life Sciences, a new $30 million, 51,000-square-foot (4,700 m2) laboratory facility, which is expected to be ready for use in 2012.
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Egypt Lake, Florida
Egypt Lake is an unincorporated community in northwestern Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It's located within the Census Designated Place of Egypt Lake-Leto, which contains separate communities of Egypt Lake and Leto. It was a separate Census Designated Place from 1970 to 1990. The population as of the 1990 census was 14,580.
The ZIP code for Egypt Lake is 33614.
Egypt Lake is located at 28 degrees north, 82.5 degrees west (28.016963, -82.495373); or about 4 miles NW of Tampa. The elevation for the community is 45 feet above sea level.
Egypt Lake boundaries include the city of Tampa to the south and east, Carrollwood to the north, and Dale Mabry Highway to the west.
Some of the major surface roads serving the community include:
The community of Egypt Lake is served by Hillsborough County Schools. Egypt Lake Elementary School is located within the community.
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Ellenton, Florida
Ellenton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,142 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ellenton is located at 27°31′22″N 82°31′33″W / 27.52278°N 82.52583°W / 27.52278; -82.52583 (27.522666, -82.525867).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12 km2), of which, 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2) of it is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2) of it (23.70%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,142 people, 1,386 households, and 953 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 856.7 people per square mile (330.6/km²). There were 1,676 housing units at an average density of 457.0/sq mi (176.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.41% White, 3.56% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 2.77% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.36% of the population.
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Emerald Coast
The Emerald Coast is an area in the US state of Florida on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico which stretches about 100 miles through four counties, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton, and Bay, from Gulf Breeze on the east side of Pensacola Bay to Panama City on the east side of the St. Andrews Bay, although some South Alabama communities use it as well.
Part of it had previously been dubbed the "Playground of the Gulfcoast" from the 1940s through the 1980s, as witnessed by the name of the Fort Walton Beach, Florida newspaper, the Playground News, later the Playground Daily News, now the Northwest Florida Daily News. In the postwar era, the stretch of coast between Fort Walton Beach and Panama City was also called the "Miracle Strip."
According to the Daily News, the term Emerald Coast was coined in 1983 by a junior high school student, Andrew Dier, who won $50 in the contest for a new area slogan. A disparaging term for the area is the "Redneck Riviera," which is sometimes considered to stretch to Gulf Shores, Alabama.
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Fish Hawk, Florida
Fish Hawk is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the community had a total population of 14,087.
Fish Hawk is located at 27°51′10″N 82°12′31″W / 27.85278°N 82.20861°W / 27.85278; -82.20861 (27.852803, -82.208592).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 16.4 square miles (42 km2), of which, 16.4 square miles (42 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.37%) is water.
FishHawk is a community of two subdivisions "Mini Communities" located in Lithia, Florida.
FishHawk Trails and "FishHawk Ranch, formerly operated as a ranch" are two subdivisions in the community, built by two different companies in the 1990s more development is planned for FishHawk Ranch.
Before both subdivisions were constructed Fishhawk Trails, originally was a wooded location through which a CSX Transportation rail track path, passed through the current area of where the subdivison is currently located today, the rail tracks were removed in the late 1980s.
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Florida
Florida (i/ˈflɒrɪdə/) is a state in the southeastern United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state capital is Tallahassee, its largest city is Jacksonville, and the South Florida metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S.
Much of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Its geography is marked by a coastline, by the omnipresence of water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state to border both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and its terrain is characterized by sedimentary soils. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. Its symbolic animals like the American alligator, Florida panther and the manatee, can be found in the Everglades, one of the most famous national parks in the world.
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Florida Keys
The Florida Keys are a coral archipelago in southeast United States. They begin at the southeastern tip of the Florida peninsula, about 15 miles (24 km) south of Miami, and extend in a gentle arc south-southwest and then westward to Key West, the westernmost of the inhabited islands, and on to the uninhabited Dry Tortugas. The islands lie along the Florida Straits, dividing the Atlantic Ocean to the east from the Gulf of Mexico to the west, and defining one edge of Florida Bay. At the nearest point, the southern tip of Key West is just 90 miles (140 km) from Cuba. The Florida Keys are between about 23.5 and 25.5 degrees North latitude, in the subtropics. The climate of the Keys, however, is defined as tropical according to Köppen climate classification. More than 95 percent of the land area lies in Monroe County, but a small portion extends northeast into Miami-Dade County, such as Totten Key. The total land area is 137.3 square miles (356 km2). As of the 2000 census the population was 79,535, with an average density of 579.27 per square mile (223.66 /km2), although much of the population is concentrated in a few areas of much higher density, such as the city of Key West, which has 32% of the entire population of the Keys.
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Forest Hills, Tampa
Forest Hills is a neighborhood partially within the city limits of Tampa, Florida, United States, with the northern portion located in unincorporated Hillsborough County near Lake Magdalene. The area was mainly a citrus grove until development began in the 1950s and 1960s. It contains the Babe Zaharias Golf Course, a public golf course owned by City of Tampa. The neighborhood has its branch post office with a ZIP Code of 33612. The population was 4,734 at the 2000 census.
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Fort Brooke
Coordinates: 27°56′28″N 82°27′18″W / 27.9411472°N 82.454887°W / 27.9411472; -82.454887
Fort Brooke was a historical military post situated on the east bank (at the mouth) of the Hillsborough River in present-day Tampa, Florida. The Tampa Convention Center currently stands at the site.
In 1823, Colonels George Mercer Brooke and James Gadsden of the United States Army were ordered to establish a military presence on Tampa Bay in the newly-acquired Florida territory to contain the Seminole Indians and curtail illegal activities along the gulf coast. On 10 January 1824, Brooke and four full companies of the U.S. 4th Infantry Regiment from Pensacola established 'Cantonment Brooke" at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, just about where today's Tampa Convention Center sits in Downtown Tampa. The site was marked by a huge hickory tree set atop an ancient Indian mound most likely built by the Tocobaga culture centuries before. Brooke directed his troops to clear the area for the construction of a wooden log fort and support buildings, but ordered that several ancient live oak trees inside the encampment be spared to provide shade and cheer. In 1824, the post was officially rechristened Fort Brooke.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Gainesville, Florida
Gainesville is the county seat and largest city in Alachua County in the U.S. state of Florida, and the principal city of the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The preliminary 2010 Census estimate for Gainesville is 124,354.
Gainesville is home to the University of Florida, the nation's sixth largest university campus by enrollment, as well as to Santa Fe College. The Gainesville MSA was ranked as the #1 place to live in the 2007 edition of Cities Ranked and Rated. Gainesville was also ranked as one of the "best places to live and play" in 2007 by National Geographic Adventure. Conversely, Gainesville was ranked as the 5th meanest city in the USA by the National Coalition for the Homeless twice in a row, in 2004 for its criminalization of homelessness and in 2009 for its ordinance restricting soup kitchens to 130-meals a day.
12,000 years ago Paleo Indians lived in Florida, but fewer than 100 sites have been found and although it is not known for certain whether any permanent settlements from that period were in the present city limits of Gainesville, archeological evidence of human presence exists. Upon retreat of the ice age, coastal Florida became inundated and Florida’s land mass shrank while the southeastern United States became wetter than it had been, so the Paleoindians required fewer moves between water spots and more populous camps inhabited for longer periods of time emerged; among the spots where camps from this later period have been found is around Paynes Prairie very close to Gainesville.
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Gaither High School
Vivian Gaither High School opened in 1984 and is located on 16200 North Dale Mabry Highway in the Greater Northdale area of Hillsborough County, Florida. Bloomingdale High school, in Bloomingdale, FL, built around the same time, has the same architectural design.
When Gaither first opened up its doors in 1984-85, Seniors were not in attendance, and the school served only 9th-11th graders (Gaither did not have a class of 1985). In the 1985-86 year, (class of 1989) Gaither kept its doors open to 9th graders. The following year in 1986-87, Gaither ceased to include 9th graders and began to only house the 10th-12th grades until 1997 when Gaither reinstated a four-year program.
Gaither‘s graduating class of 1988 was the very first group of students that included all four years. Graduating class of 1989 would be the second.
The school serves the communities of Northdale, Cheval, Country Place, North Lakes, Lutz, and other parts of northern Hillsborough County.
On January 31, 2009, Gaither High School hosted the 7th annual Snoop Bowl, a youth football game, under the direction of James Bothwell, which puts a Snoop Dogg coached team up against a youth team coached by an NFL player. Former Tampa Bay Buccaneers fullback Mike Alstott was selected to coach the 2009 team made up of all-star little leaguers from the Tampa Bay area. Snoop Dogg improved his record in Snoop Bowl games to 6-1 by defeating the Alsott led "Gators" 22-6 in front of a record 3,000 spectators at Death Vally Stadium, now called James Bothwell Stadium.
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Gary, Tampa
Gary is an industrial section located in the southeastern part of Tampa, Florida, mainly in the vicinity of Adamo Drive east of Downtown Tampa.
Gary is located at 27.955855 degrees north and 82.4281495 degrees west. The elevation of the area is 25 ft above sea level.
Gary has no official boundaries, however, the USGS has listed the area as a populated place. Other areas in Gary are Palmetto Beach and East Ybor.
FROM THE GARY HISTORICAL MARKER
The name Gary was officially recognized with the establishment of the Gary post office in 1898. The official plat of "Gary-Town" was recorded in May 1903. The Gary neighborhood included both Gary-Town and Spanish Park, located to its east. The neighborhood's boundaries extended from 26th Street on the west to 40th Street on the east. The population included Anglos, Italians, Spaniards and Cubans. Celery farming played a prominent role in Gary. The neighborhood also included cigar factories, a citrus packing house, dairies, a blacksmith shop, churches, boarding houses and several retail establishments. The City of Gary was incorporated in October 1915. The municipal boundaries stretched from 30th Street on the west to 37th Street on the east and Wall Street (21st Avenue) on the north to the bay on the south. The state legislature abolished the City of Gary in 1919. Then, in 1923, the City of Tampa extended its boundaries to encompass the former City of Gary. After World War II, an African American population moved into Gary. Unfortunately, in the 1960s Interstate 4 cut through the neighborhood, destroying many homes. Still, the community's spirit survived. The Gary School was recognized by the City of Tampa as an historical landmark in 2005. Former residents and friends fondly remember their neighborhood and sponsored this historic marker to remind others of the strong community of Gary.
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GaYbor
GaYBOR District Coalition in Historic Ybor City /geːbɔr/is an non profit 501 c (6),organization located within Ybor City in Tampa, Florida. It is an organization of LGBTA (the A stands for straight allies) Bars, Nightclubs, Restaurants, Shops, non Profit Organizations & More thru out the West Coast of Central Florida, with its headquarters in Historic Ybor City . The organization has many participants and is sponsored by both Gay & Straight members. The district is roughly centered around 8th Avenue and 15th Street in Ybor, with large rainbow flags & GaYBOR signs as markers. A yearly event around the 4th of July called "GaYBOR Days" is held in the district featuring celebrity appearances and street celebrations. Tampa Mayor Pam Iorio originally met with the leaders of the group on several occasions to help with planning and issues such as police protection, including that by gay and lesbian officers. Current Tampa Mayor Bob Buckhorn has met several times with the Coalition. As an organization, there are members of GaYBOR across the states of Florida & Georgia.
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Gibsonton, Florida
Gibsonton is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 14,234 at the 2010 census.
Gibsonton was famous as a sideshow wintering town, where various people in the carnival business would spend the off season placing it near the winter home for Ringling Brothers Circus at Tampa, Sarasota and Venice in various times[1]. It was home to Percilla the Monkey girl, the Anatomical Wonder, and the Lobster Boy. Siamese twin sisters ran a fruit stand here. At one time, it was the only post office with a counter for dwarves. Aside from the agreeable winter climate, Gibsonton offered unique circus zoning laws that allowed residents to keep elephants and circus trailers on their front lawns.
Gibsonton is located at 27°50′16″N 82°22′27″W / 27.83778°N 82.37417°W / 27.83778; -82.37417 (27.837894, -82.374070).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 13.7 square miles (35 km2), of which 12.9 square miles (33 km2) is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), or 6.14%, is water.
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Greater Cleveland
The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area of Northeast Ohio that contains Cleveland, Ohio, United States and its surrounding area. According to the 2010 Census, the five-county Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cuyahoga County, Geauga County, Lake County, Lorain County, and Medina County, and has a population of 2,077,240. Greater Cleveland is the largest metropolitan area in Ohio.
Northeast Ohio refers to a similar but substantially larger area. This article covers the area generally considered to be Greater Cleveland, but includes some information generally applicable to the larger region, which is itself part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.
The larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area is the 14th-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States, and includes the above counties plus Ashtabula County, Portage County and Summit County, with a population of 2,881,937.
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Greater Houston
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is a 10-county metropolitan area defined by the Office of Management and Budget. It is located along the Gulf Coast region in the U.S. state of Texas. The metropolitan area is colloquially referred to as "Greater Houston" and is situated in Southeast Texas, just west of the Golden Triangle.
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States with a population of 6,086,538 as of U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2011 estimates. The population of the metropolitan area is centered in the city of Houston—the largest economic and cultural center of the American South, with a population of 2.1 million.
Houston is among the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States. The area grew 25.2 percent between the 1990 and 2000 censuses—adding more than 950,000 people—while the nation's population increased 13.2 percent over the same period. From 2000 to 2007, the area grew by 912,994 people. From 2000 to 2030, the metropolitan area is projected by Woods & Poole Economics to rank fifth in the nation in population growth—adding 2.66 million people. In 2009, Milken Institute/Greenstreet Real Estate Partners ranked Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown as the fifth-best performing metropolitan area; the Houston area had moved up 11 spaces from the previous year's ranking.
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Gulf City, Florida
Gulf City is an unincorporated, rural town site in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States, near Ruskin. Gulf City was some 40 miles (60 km) from Tampa, Florida, on the south bank of the Little Manatee River.
Gulf City was founded by British pirate Ben Margoza in the mid-17th century. It went into decline in the 19th century. In 1895 it was listed as having a population of 76 people, and a post office. Gulf City was completely abandoned by or shortly after the 1920s.[citation needed]
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Gulf County, Florida
Gulf County is a county located in the panhandle of the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2000, the population was 13,332. The U.S. Census Bureau 2005 estimate for the county is 13,975 [1]. Its county seat is Port St. Joe.
Gulf County, created in 1925, was named for the Gulf of Mexico. Wewahitchka was its first county seat and the 1927 Gulf County Courthouse is still in existence. In 1965 the county seat was moved to Port Saint Joe, which under its original name Saint Joseph, had been the site of Florida's first Constitutional Convention in 1838.
Gulf County is heavily Democratic at the local level. However, the county tends to vote Republican in statewide and national elections. As of 2012, there are 9479 registered voters, the Democratic Party 5320 (56%) holds a large advantage over the Republican Party 3305 (34%).
The county commission consist of 3 Democrats and 2 Republicans.
Democrats control all other county government (Clerk of the Court, Property Apprasier, Sheriff, Superintendent of Schools, Tax Collector)
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Gulfport, Florida
Gulfport is a city in Pinellas County,Florida, bordering St. Petersburg and Boca Ciega Bay. The population of Gulfport was 12,029 at the 2010 census. Gulfport is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area, the 19th largest MSA in the country.
The town was originally named Disston City in 1884 when Hamilton Disston purchased land here. The United States Postal Service would not recognize the name as it conflicted with a town in Hillsborough County. Instead, it was named Bonifacio. In 1890, the town name was changed to Veteran City. Finally, in 1910, the name officially changed to Gulfport.
Gulfport is distinguished by its high concentration of artisans inspired by the intense light and tropical scenery. A celebration the first Friday and third Saturday of each month called "Art Walk" attracts locals and tourists. Many street performers, artists and craftspeople show up to create a relaxed cultured atmosphere in the warm balmy evening breezes coming off the beach at the end of the street.
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Hampton Roads
Coordinates: 36°58′N 76°22′W / 36.967°N 76.367°W / 36.967; -76.367
Hampton Roads is the name for both a body of water and the Norfolk–Virginia Beach metropolitan area which surrounds it in southeastern Virginia, United States. Hampton Roads is notable for its year-round ice-free harbor, for United States Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, NASA, Marine Corps, and Army facilities, shipyards, coal piers, and hundreds of miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.
The water area known as Hampton Roads is one of the world's largest natural harbors (more accurately a roadstead or "roads"), and incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River and James River with several smaller rivers and itself empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean.
The land area (also known as "Tidewater") includes dozens of cities, counties and towns on the Virginia Peninsula and in South Hampton Roads. Some of the more outlying areas from the harbor may or may not be included as part of "Hampton Roads", depending upon the organization or purpose. For a commonly used example, as defined for federal economic purposes, the Hampton Roads metropolitan statistical area (MSA) additionally includes one county in northeastern North Carolina and two counties in Virginia’s Middle Peninsula. Officially, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA has a population of about 1.7 million, the 36th-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
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Hialeah, Florida
Hialeah is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 226,419. The 2010 census recorded a population of 224,669, a decrease of just 0.8%, and still making it the sixth largest city in the state, a major municipality of Greater Miami and South Florida, and the tenth largest city in the United States among cities with a population density of more than 10,000/sq mile.
The city's name is most commonly attributed to Muskogee origin, "Haiyakpo" (prairie) and "hili" (pretty) combining in "Hialeah" to mean "pretty prairie". Alternatively, the word is of Seminole origin meaning "Upland Prairie". The city is located upon a large prairie between Biscayne Bay and the Everglades.
Hialeah has the second highest percentage of Cuban and Cuban American residents of any city in the US. Hialeah is also the densest American city in terms of population not to feature a skyscraper.
Hialeah is served by the Miami Metrorail at Okeechobee, Hialeah, and Tri-Rail/Metrorail Transfer stations. The Okeechobee and Hialeah stations serve primarily as park-and-ride commuter stations to commuters and residents going into the inner city Miami, and Tri-Rail station to Miami International Airport and north to West Palm Beach.
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History of Ybor City
Ybor City ( /ˈiːbɔr/ EE-bor) is a historic neighborhood that includes the Ybor City Historic District in Tampa, Florida. Located on downtown Tampa's northeastern edge and near the CIty's port, Ybor attained a distinct architectural, culinary, cultural, and historical legacy, that reflects its multi-ethnic composition.
Ybor was founded as an independent town in 1885 by a group of cigar manufacturers led by Vicente Martinez-Ybor and was annexed by Tampa in 1887. Originally populated by Cuban and Spanish immigrants who worked in the cigar factories, Italian and Eastern-European Jewish immigrants followed. Businesses and farms that catered to the cigar industry developed, as well as mutual aid societies, civic organizations and organized labor groups. The area is also home to many African-Americans.
Ybor City grew and prospered until the Great Depression, when a sharp reduction in the worldwide demand for fine cigars started the area on a slow decline. Some cigar factories closed, others began to mechanize, and virtually all remaining operations decreased production, depriving the neighborhood of many good-paying jobs. As veterans returned from World War II, a steady stream of residents begin to leave the aging neighborhood. This process accelerated through the 1950s and 60s, when the federal Urban Renewal program and the construction of Interstate 4 resulted in the demolition of many structures, including many housing units. Planned redevelopment never took place, and, with its commercial and social core virtually abandoned, Ybor City lapsed into a decades-long period of neglect and decay.
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Holiday, Florida
Holiday (Sometimes confused with Anclote), is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb included in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 21,904 at the 2000 census.
In the early 1960s William W. Boyd, president of First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Tarpon Springs, noted the name Holiday Drive on a map near the site of the proposed branch to be built in southwestern Pasco County and asked his board of directors to give the name to the new branch. Later Boyd began drumming up support to name the community Holiday.
Holiday is located at 28°11′2″N 82°44′34″W / 28.18389°N 82.74278°W / 28.18389; -82.74278 (28.183890, -82.742886).
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,904 people, 10,428 households, and 6,298 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4,070.1 people per square mile (1,572.0/km²). There were 12,788 housing units at an average density of 2,376.2/sq mi (917.7/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.13% White, 1.41% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.03% of the population.
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Hollywood, Florida
Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 140,768. Founded in 1925, the city grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, and is now the twelfth largest city in Florida. Hollywood is a Principal City of the South Florida metropolitan area, which was home to 5,564,635 people at the 2010 census.
Hollywood is located at 26°1′17″N 80°10′30″W / 26.02139°N 80.175°W / 26.02139; -80.175 (26.021467, -80.174910).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.8 square miles (80 km2). 27.34 square miles (71 km2) of it is land and 3.46 square miles (9 km2) of it is water (11.23%).
Hollywood is located in southeastern Broward County, and includes about 5 to 6 miles (8.0 to 9.7 km) of Atlantic Ocean beach, interrupted briefly by a portion deeded to Dania Beach. Hollywood is bounded by the following municipalities:
To the north:
To the northwest:
To the west:
To the southwest:
To the south:
Like the rest of South Florida, Hollywood has a Tropical monsoon climate, with humid summers and mild winters.
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Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was at times referred to as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize. The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
Honduras was home to several important indigenous cultures, most notably the Maya. Much of the country was conquered by Spain who introduced its predominant language and many of its customs in the sixteenth century. It became independent in 1821 and has been a republic since the end of Spanish rule.
Its size is just over 112,492 km² with an estimated population of almost eight million. Its capital is Tegucigalpa. Its northern portions are part of the Western Caribbean Zone.
It is notable for its production of minerals, tropical fruit, and recently for exportation of clothing for the international market.
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Hyde Park Village
Coordinates: 27°56′10″N 82°28′33″W / 27.93611°N 82.47583°W / 27.93611; -82.47583
Hyde Park Village is an upscale open-air shopping district located in the neighborhood of Hyde Park in Tampa, Florida, United States. The center is situated in several buildings located between Swann and Rome Avenues, just a few blocks east of the SoHo district. Some of the top retailers include Anthropologie and Williams-Sonoma. However, a majority of the tenants are high-end independent boutiques.[1] In addition to the shops, the district also features many restaurants which are among the best-reviewed in the city.[2][3] In October 2009 a Cobb Theatres "CineBistro" opened in the center, combining a movie theatre with upscale dining. [4]
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Hyde Park, Tampa
Hyde Park is an historic neighborhood and district located within the city limits of Tampa. It includes Bayshore Boulevard, Hyde Park Village and SoHo. The ZIP code for the district is 33606.
Hyde Park is located adjacent to the University of Tampa and Downtown. Roughly, the boundaries of the neighborhood include the Hillsborough Bay to the east, Kennedy Blvd to the north, historic and picturesque Bayshore Boulevard to the east and south, and Armenia Avenue to the west. Major thoroughfares within the historical district include Kennedy Boulevard, Bayshore Boulevard, Lee Roy Selmon Expressway (Florida State Route 618), Howard Avenue, and Swann Avenue. Recently, entrepreuners have started small companies utilizing NEVs to shuttle pedestrians from the area to other core districts such as Downtown and Ybor City, as an attempt to facilitate connection between Tampa's core neighborhoods.
The neighborhood history begins back in the 1880's when railroad financier Henry B. Plant built the first bridge across the Hillsborough River at Lafayette Street (now John F. Kennedy Blvd.) The first house in the neighborhood was built by James Watrous in 1882 at 1307 Morrison Ave. Growth occurred rapidly and a street car line was put in on Swann Ave and Rome Ave. This is the reason for the wideness of the two streets, while most in the neighborhood are much narrower. The area where Old Hyde Park Village is today was originally called Cork Ave. Dakota Ave., Cork Ave., and Inman Ave. all intersected near where the British pay phone sits today. The only portion left of Cork Ave. today is called Snow Ave.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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John Marks (mayor)
John R. Marks, III is the Mayor of the City of Tallahassee, Florida. He is Tallahassee's fifth African-American mayor but the first to be elected, and won his bid for a third term in the 2010 elections. He received his B.S. degree in 1969 from the Florida State University School of Business and his Juris Doctorate in 1972 from the Florida State University College of Law. The Mayor faces a series of allegations for questionable dealings involving city contracts. According to the Tallahassee Democrat, the Federal Bureau of Investigation is looking into the matter.
Marks served eight years on the Florida Public Service Commission (FPSC) and spent the last two as its Chairman, after being appointed in 1979 by Governor Bob Graham. He served on the FPSC during the divestiture of AT&T and was instrumental in the implementation of the Federal Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). Before being appointed, he served as an Administrative Law Judge on the Commission. He is a partner in the Tallahassee -based Marks & Marks law firm. He has been an adjunct professor at FSU's College of Law, teaching utility regulatory law and a faculty member of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners' utility rate school. Member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity.
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Keystone, Florida
Keystone is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 24,039 at the 2010 census.
Keystone is located at 28°7′39″N 82°35′21″W / 28.1275°N 82.58917°W / 28.1275; -82.58917 (28.127550, -82.589117).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 39.2 square miles (102 km2), of which 36.1 square miles (93 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2), or 8.05%, is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,627 people, 5,160 households, and 4,380 families residing in the community. The population density was 405.4 people per square mile (156.5/km²). There were 5,709 housing units at an average density of 158.2/sq mi (61.1/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 91.30% White, 3.50% African American, 0.34% Native American, 2.45% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.94% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.48% of the population.
There were 5,160 households out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.2% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.1% were non-families. 11.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Keysville, Florida
Keysville is an unincorporated community in southeastern Hillsborough County, Florida, United States, adjacent to Lithia.
Keysville is located at 27.9 degrees north, 82.1 degrees west (27.86889, -82.09583); or about 12 miles south of Plant City. The elevation for the community is 81 feet above sea level.
The community of Keysville is served by Hillsborough County Schools.
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Lake County, Florida
Coordinates: 28°46′N 81°43′W / 28.77°N 81.72°W / 28.77; -81.72
Lake County is a county located in the state of Florida, United States. As of the 2000 Census, the population was 210,528. The Census Bureau estimated the population in 2008 to be 307,243. Its county seat is Tavares. Lake County is part of the Orlando-Kissimmee, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lake County was created in 1887 from portions of Sumter County and Orange County. It was named for the numerous lakes in the area. There are approximately 1,400 named lakes.
Lake County is also home to Sugarloaf Mountain, the highest point in peninsular Florida, at 312 feet (95 m) above sea level. Britton Hill is higher, but is in the Florida Panhandle.
On New Year's Day of 1888, Flora Call and Elias Disney were married in the Lake County town of Kismet, and they lived for a short time in the adjoining town of Acron, Florida. They were the parents of Walt Disney.
On February 2, 2007, Lake County was devastated by a series of early morning tornadoes, which killed at least 20 people in the area. Gov. Charlie Crist declared a state of emergency.
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Lakeland, Florida
Lakeland is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States, is located between Tampa and Orlando along Interstate 4. According to the 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, the city had a population of 94,406. Lakeland is a principal city of the Lakeland-Winter Haven, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 584,383 in July, 2009 based on data from the University of Florida Bureau of Economic and Business Research. It is twinned with Richmond Hill, Ontario; Imabari, Japan; Balti, Moldova; Portmore, Jamaica; and Chongming County, Shanghai, China as part of the Sister Cities program.
The first Paleo-indians reached the central Florida area near the end of the last ice age, as they followed big game south. As the ice melted and sea levels rose, these Native Americans ended up staying and thrived on the peninsula for thousands of years. By the time the first Spanish conquistadors arrived, there were over 250,000 Native Americans living on the peninsula. Some of these first early tribes were the Tocobago, Timucua, and the Calusa. In 1527, a Spanish map showed a settlement near the Rio de la Paz. The arrival of the Spanish turned out to be disastrous to these Native American tribes. Within 150 years, the majority of the pre-Columbian Native American peoples of Florida had been wiped out. Those who had not succumbed to diseases such as Small Pox or Yellow Fever were either killed or enslaved. Little is left of these first Native Americans cultures in Polk County except for scant archeological records including a few personal artifacts and shell mounds. Eventually the remnants of these tribes would merge together with Creek Indians who arrived from the north and become the Seminole Indian tribe.
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Largo, Florida
Largo is the third largest city in Pinellas County, Florida, USA, and is part of the Tampa Bay Area. Centrally located, it is the crossroads of the county. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 77,648, up from 69,371 at the 2000 census.
Largo was first incorporated in 1905. In 1913, it became the first municipality in Pinellas County to adopt a council-manager government. It switched back and forth from "town" to "city" a few times, and became a city again in 1974. It was an exporter of agricultural products until the 1960s when the influx of people began to transform it into a bedroom community. From 1905 to 2010, Largo grew in area from 9/16ths of a square mile to about 19 square miles (48 km2), and in population from about 300 people to more than 70,000. Largo began as a rural farming community and became the third largest city in Florida's most densely populated county.
Largo is a sister city to Tosayamada, Kochi, Japan. In 2007, Largo had been named a National Arbor Day Tree City for the seventeenth year in a row.
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Lee County, Florida
Lee County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. Located in southwest Florida, the principal cities in the county are Fort Myers (the county seat) and Cape Coral (the county's most populous municipality). In 2003 the population of the county was 586,908.
The county is coextensive with the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) designated by the Office of Management and Budget and used for statistical purposes by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies. The MSA was first defined as the Fort Myers, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area in 1973. In 1981 Cape Coral was added as a principal city, and the MSA was renamed the Fort Myers-Cape Coral, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1983, the name was changed to Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1990 it became the Fort Myers-Cape Coral, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2003 the name was changed to its present form.
The area has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by Connie Mack IV since January 2005.
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Leon County, Florida
Leon County is a county located in the state of Florida, named after the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León. At the 2010 Census, the population was 275,487. The county seat of Leon County is Tallahassee which also serves as the state capital. The county seat is home to two of Florida's major public universities, Florida A&M University and Florida State University. Leon County residents have the highest average level of education among Florida's 67 counties.
The county forms the nucleus of the Tallahassee, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Originally part of Escambia and later Gadsden County, Leon County was created in 1824. It was named for Juan Ponce de León, the Spanish explorer who was the first European to reach Florida. During the 1850s - 1860s, Leon County was a "cotton kingdom" and ranked 5th out of all of Florida and Georgia counties in the production of cotton from the 20 major plantations. Unlike all other Confederate capitols in the American Civil War, Tallahassee was never captured by the Union forces, and no Union Soldiers set foot in Leon County until Reconstruction.
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Lettuce Lake Park
Coordinates: 28°4′13″N 82°22′15″W / 28.07028°N 82.37083°W / 28.07028; -82.37083
Lettuce Lake Park is a 240-acre (0.97 km2) Hillsborough County-run park just outside the city limits of Tampa, Florida. It is located on Fletcher Avenue between Interstate 75 and the University of South Florida. The park opened in 1982.
Lettuce Lake Park features several boardwalks that wind through a variety Florida ecosystems; a fresh water wetland and flood plain, an oak-dominated hardwood forest, cypress domes, and the Hillsborough River. The park also contains a visitor's center, an observation tower, nature trails, picnic tables, barbecue pits, restrooms, an open play field, and a playground.
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Levy County, Florida
Levy County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of 2000, the population was 34,450. The U.S. Census Bureau 2005 estimate for the county is 37,998. Its county seat is Bronson, Florida. Levy is pronounced lee vee.
Levy County was created in 1845, in development that followed the end of the Seminole Wars. It was named for David Levy, a planter elected in 1841 as the state's territorial delegate to the US House of Representatives, and he served two terms. When Florida was admitted as a state, Levy was elected by the new state legislature as one of Florida's first two U.S. Senators; he served from 1845 to 1851, and again from 1855 to 1861. He was the first Jewish American elected to the United States Senate.
Levy provided for long-term development in the state by constructing the first railroad across Florida, linking the deep-water ports of Fernandina on the Atlantic Ocean and Cedar Key on the Gulf of Mexico. He developed a network of feeder railroads through central Florida as well.
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Lithia, Florida
Lithia is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb of Tampa and has a population of 8,527. The zip code is 33547. The area code is 813.
Lithia is a small community and home to Alderman's Ford Park.
The community has a rich history in agriculture, saw mills, and phosphate mining. In the late 1990s, Newland Communities purchased 3,000 acres (12 km2) to develop Fishhawk Ranch " formerly a ranch", Fishhawk Trails was developed by another company, more public works and retail stores are currently in the development.
A new subdivision Lake Hutto, is also currently in the process of being developed. Lake Hutto " formerly a ranch" will consist of a 1,129-acre (4.57 km2) property and about 3,560 new homes, along with new retail stores and office spaces.
Lithia is located at (27.85, -82.19); or about 18 miles (29 km) ESE of Tampa.
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Lutz, Florida
Lutz /ˈluːts/ is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 19,344 at the 2010 census.
Lutz began with the construction of a small train depot on the Tampa Northern Railroad which carried materials from Tampa to Brooksville. It was named as "Lutz Station" by William Paul Lutz, an engineer on the Tampa Northern Railroad. The area surrounding the depot officially became known as Lutz when the U.S. Postal Service authorized a post office.
The first post office was a 7-square-foot (0.65 m2) building on a lot south of the depot. George Sibthorpe, the first postmaster of Lutz, moved the post office to his realty office. In 1914, the post office was again moved to inside the train depot.
As people moved to the rural community from Tampa, the Lutz area continued to grow until it no longer depended on the "Lutz Junction", which was demolished in the late 1960s.
In 2000, a replica of the depot was rebuilt in the approximate location, which is now at the intersection of Lutz-Lake Fern Rd. and US Highway 41. The post office's structure is still in the same place today, although it is now an art gallery. A public library is located behind the train depot replica. This area is known as "Beautiful Downtown Lutz".
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Mango, Florida
Mango is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 8,842 at the 2000 census.
Mango is located at 27°59′22″N 82°18′16″W / 27.98944°N 82.30444°W / 27.98944; -82.30444 (27.989333, -82.304395).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.6 square miles (12 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (1.50%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,842 people, 3,289 households, and 2,302 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,927.1 people per square mile (743.8/km²). There were 3,617 housing units at an average density of 788.3/sq mi (304.3/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 86.97% White, 6.44% African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.40% from other races, and 2.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.16% of the population.
There were 3,289 households out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.10.
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Memphis, Florida
Memphis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 7,264 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Memphis is located at 27°32′23″N 82°33′47″W / 27.53972°N 82.56306°W / 27.53972; -82.56306 (27.539798, -82.562966).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,264 people, 2,501 households, and 1,835 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,297.1 people per square mile (887.5/km²). There were 2,832 housing units at an average density of 895.6/sq mi (346.0/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 48.21% White, 41.89% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 7.81% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.10% of the population.
There were 2,501 households out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 19.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.26.
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Metro Detroit
The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Michigan centered on the city of Detroit which shares an international border with Windsor, Ontario. The Detroit metropolitan area is the second largest U.S. metropolitan area connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. As a major metropolitan area, it is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, and popular music and sports legacies. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes.
The Detroit Urban Area, which serves as the core of the Metropolitan Statistical Area, ranks as the 12th most populous of the United States, with a population of 3,734,090 as of the 2010 census, and an area of 1,337.16 square miles (3,463.2 km2). This urbanized area covers parts of the counties of Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb. These counties are sometimes referred to informally as the Detroit Tri-County Area, and had a population of 3,863,888 as of the 2010 census with an area of 1,967.1 square miles (5,095 km2).
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
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Miami Beach, Florida
Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on a series of natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter which separates the Beach from Miami city proper. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) of Miami Beach, along with Downtown Miami and the port collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 87,779. Miami Beach has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.
In 1979 Miami Beach's Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels, apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943. Mediterranean, Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District. The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East, Lenox Court on the West, 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North. The movement to preserve the Art Deco District's architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Capitman, who now has a street in the District named in her honor.
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Miramar, Florida
Miramar is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. The city was named after the Miramar district of Havana, Cuba. As of the 2010 census, the population was 122,041. It is part of the South Florida metropolitan area, which was home to 5,564,635 people at the 2010 census.
The city's official motto is "Beauty and Progress", updated from the earlier "The Center of Everything".
Miramar is located at 25°58′44″N 80°16′57″W / 25.978812°N 80.282489°W / 25.978812; -80.282489.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 31.0 square miles (80 km2). 29.5 square miles (76 km2) of it is land and 1.5 square miles (4 km2) of it (4.84%) is water.
Miramar loosely translates from Spanish as "sea view" or "sea sight," though it is not located directly on the Atlantic Ocean. The city is bordered by the following municipalities:
To the north:
To the northeast:
To the east:
To the south:
As of 2010, there were 40,294 households, with 7.1% being vacant. As of 2000, 48.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.48.
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Montana
Montana (i/mɒnˈtænə/) is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges that are part of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name, derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, none official, including: "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently, "The Last Best Place". Montana is the 4th-most extensive, but the 7th-least populous and the 3rd-least densely populated of the 50 United States. The economy is primarily based on services, with ranching, wheat farming, oil and coal mining in the east, and lumber, tourism, and hard rock mining in the west. Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, and three of the five entrances to Yellowstone National Park.
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New Tampa, Florida
New Tampa is an area in Florida that encompasses both a 24-square-mile (62 km2) area within the corporate limits of the City of Tampa, as well as a larger land area that is in unincorporated Hillsborough, but retains a Tampa mailing address. The incorporated portion of "New Tampa" that lies within the city limits of Tampa is one of the largest city neighborhoods. The area has grown rapidly since being annexed by the city of Tampa in 1988. As of the 2000 census, the district had a population of 22,466. Many new master planned residential communities are planned or already under construction. Big-box stores are following the boom in population and are transforming this once rural area.
"New Tampa" may also refer to a larger area that includes the area described above as well as parts of Wesley Chapel, an unincorporated area that abuts Hillsborough county to the north. Although neither technically nor officially part of the Tampa designated neighborhood New Tampa, most Tampa area residents identify the entire area as New Tampa.
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New York University
Coordinates: 40°43′48″N 73°59′42″W / 40.73°N 73.995°W / 40.73; -73.995
New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian research university based in New York City, USA. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. Founded in 1831, NYU is one of the largest private nonprofit institutions of American higher education.
NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1950. The university counts 34 Nobel Prize winners, 3 Abel Prize winners, 10 National Medal of Science recipients, 16 Pulitzer Prize winners, 21 Academy Award winners, and Emmy,Grammy, and Tony Award winners among its faculty and alumni. NYU also has MacArthur and Guggenheim Fellowship holders as well as National Academy of Sciences members among its past and present graduates and faculty.
NYU is organized into 18 schools, colleges, and institutes, located in six centers throughout Manhattan and Downtown Brooklyn, as well as more than a dozen other sites across the world, with plans for further expansion.
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North Tampa, Tampa
North Tampa is a neighborhood within the city limits of Tampa, Florida. As of the 2000 census the neighborhood had a population of 5,334. The ZIP Codes neighborhood are 33604 and 33612.
North Tampa boundaries are University to the north, Nebraska Avenue to the west, Sulphur Springs to the south, and University Square (neighborhood) to the east.
Source: Hillsborough County Atlas
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,334 people and 2,020 households residing in the neighborhood. The population density was 6,974/mi². The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 27% Non-Hispanic White, 35% Non-Hispanic African American, 1% Native American, 2% Asian, 6% from other races, and 7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23% of the population.
There were 2,020 households out of which 38% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27% were married couples living together, 24% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10% were non-families. 32% of all households were made up of individuals. .
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Odessa, Florida
Odessa is a census-designated place (CDP) in both Hillsborough County, Florida, and Pasco County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,173 at the 2000 census.
Odessa has a rich and varied history.[citation needed] Originally, there was a large sawmill in the area, employing many.[citation needed] The railroad[citation needed]came through the area as well.[citation needed] Most of the original homes and buildings are no longer standing.[citation needed]
There are many families who have lived in the area for generations[citation needed]. Some are buried in the cemetery at Keystone United Methodist Church on Race Track Road[citation needed]. The area is rapidly being swallowed up by development as Tampa expands and needs more bedroom communities[citation needed]to house people[citation needed].
Odessa is located at 28°11′0″N 82°34′6″W / 28.183333°N 82.56833°W / 28.183333; -82.56833 (28.183446, -82.568456).
It merges into and overlaps an area known as Keystone, named for the large lake of the same name[citation needed]. The mailing area that uses the city of Odessa stretches south to South Mobley Road and north past State Road 54[citation needed].
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Oldsmar, Florida
Oldsmar is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The population was 13,591 at the 2010 census.
Oldsmar's history dates to 1913 when automobile pioneer Ransom E. Olds purchased 37,541 acres (151.92 km2) of land by the northern part of Tampa Bay to establish "R. E. Olds-on-the-Bay". The name was later changed to Oldsmar, then to "Tampa Shores" in 1927, and finally back to Oldsmar in 1937. Ransom Olds named some of the original streets himself, such as Gim Gong Road. Currently Oldsmar's downtown is being developed which its promoters hope will bring back the "old Florida" feel to the city. Oldsmar celebrates its history every year with Oldsmar Days and Nights, where residents and visitors take part in parades, car shows (featuring the Oldsmobile) and carnival rides.
Notable Oldsmar businesses include the nearby Tampa Bay Downs, the production office of Nielsen Media Research, and Children's Charity Kids Wish Network.
Oldsmar is located at 28°02′31″N 82°40′35″W / 28.042061°N 82.676350°W / 28.042061; -82.676350.
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Orlando, Florida
Orlando (/ɔrˈlændoʊ/) is a city in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Orange County, and the center of the Greater Orlando metropolitan area. According to the 2010 US Census, the city had a population of 238,300, making Orlando the 79th largest city in the United States. The Greater Orlando metropolitan area has a population of 2,134,411, making it the 26th largest metro area in the United States, the sixth largest metro area in the Southeastern United States, and the third largest metro area in Florida. Orlando is the fifth largest city in Florida, and the state's largest inland city.
Orlando is nicknamed "The City Beautiful" and its symbol is the fountain at Lake Eola. The current mayor is Buddy Dyer. The city is best known for the Walt Disney World Resort (located approximately 21 miles (34 km) southwest of Downtown Orlando in Lake Buena Vista), founded by the Walt Disney Company in 1971, and for the Universal Orlando Resort (which consists of two parks, Universal Studios Florida and Islands of Adventure, as well as other attractions, including City Walk). Orlando is also home to the SeaWorld theme park, Gatorland, as well as Wet 'n Wild Water Park. With the exception of Walt Disney World, most major attractions are located along International Drive. The city's famous attractions form the backbone of Orlando's tourism industry, making the city the most visited American city in 2009. The city is also one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions. Like other major cities in the Sun Belt, Orlando grew rapidly during the 1980s and well into the first decade of the 21st century. Orlando is also home to the University of Central Florida, which is the second largest university in the United States in terms of enrollment (as of 2011).
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Osaka
Osaka (大阪, Ōsaka?) listen (help·info) is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshu, a designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the biggest part of Keihanshin area, which is represented by three major cities of Japan, Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is the third largest city by population after Tokyo (special wards) and Yokohama.
Keihanshin is the second largest area in Japan by population and one of the largest metropolitan areas highly ranked in the world, with nearly 18 million people, and by GDP the second largest area in Japan and the seventh largest area in the world.
Historically the commercial centre of Japan, Osaka functions as one of the command centers for the Japanese economy. The ratio between daytime and night time population is 141%, the highest in Japan, highlighting its status as an economic center. Its nighttime population is 2.6 million, the third in the country, but in daytime the population surges to 3.7 million, second only after Tokyo (combining the Special wards of Tokyo, which is not a single incorporated city, for statistical purposes. See the Tokyo article for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.) Osaka used to be referred to as the "nation's kitchen" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro?) in feudal Edo period because it was the centre of trading for rice, creating the first modern futures exchange market in the world.
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Palm Bay, Florida
Palm Bay is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The city's population was 103,190 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous city in the county. Palm Bay is a principal city of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 543,376 at the 2010 census.
The Timucua people, attracted to the mouth of Turkey Creek at the Indian River by freshwater springs, fish, oysters, and wildlife, are thought to have been the first inhabitants in the Palm Bay area.
Palm Bay's recent history began in the 1850s when the first European settlers built homes along Turkey Creek. Originally referred to as Tillman, the settlement was described as a "small strip of hammock...on each side of Turkey Creek...mostly pine and palmetto, miserable sandy barren oak scrub, some ponds and interspersed with sawgrass and gallberry."
By the mid-nineteenth century, there was a lumbering operation,[clarification needed] packing house, and orange groves. Growth was slow until the arrival of the railroad in 1894. Then goods were brought in and produce was shipped to market faster.
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Palm Harbor, Florida
Palm Harbor is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 57,439.
Palm Harbor is roughly 45 minutes north of downtown St. Petersburg and Tampa. It is a largely residential community with several concentrations of commerce. Downtown Palm Harbor, north of Tampa Road between Alternate Hwy. 19 and Omaha Street, hosts many small shops and eateries along with a handful of historic buildings.U.S. Hwy. 19, a mile or two east of downtown, offers access to higher concentrations of commerce, with an array of national chain restaurants and retailers. One entrance to Innisbrook Resort and Golf Club, a nationally-regarded golf course, is found on U.S. 19.
Palm Harbor is known for its excellent public schools. All are rated "A" by the state and have scores of 9s or 10s from GreatSchools.
The historic downtown district of Palm Harbor, at Florida Avenue and Alt. US 19 and CR 1, has numerous festivals and craft fairs. Old Palm Harbor Main Streets, Inc., a 501c3 not-for-profit organization, hosts their signature event the first Friday of every month. "Palm Harbor's First Friday Celebrations" are a popular community event for youngsters and adults alike. There are rides and games for the children, with opportunities to dine on food from the many local restaurants, enjoy local artists and crafters displaying and selling their wares. Annually, the first Sunday in October marks when the "Taste of Palm Harbor" festival is held. The event is presented by the Palm Harbor Junior Women's Club with the proceeds benefiting their "Making a Difference" grants & scholarships program. The Taste of Palm Harbor traditionally offers live music and the tasting of samples from over 20 local restaurants, many of which make seafood their specialty.
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Palma Ceia, Tampa
Palma Ceia is a neighborhood located southwest of downtown Tampa, Florida and is bounded by Morrison Ave to the north; Bay to Bay Blvd to the south; Dale Mabry Highway to the west; and the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway to the east. Palma Ceia is home to the appropriately named Palma Ceia Country Club and also located adjacent to the exclusive Golfview community. The neighborhood is within the district of Henry B. Plant High School. Aesthetically it is most known for its bricked streets, akin to those in Ybor City.
The neighborhood is home to the Palma Ceia Design District, centered around the intersection of MacDill Ave. and Bay to Bay Blvd. This district contains many specialty boutiques and cafes, including some of the highest rated in the city. It is a half-mile walk from Bayshore Boulevard. A sculpture by local artist Marc DeWaele was erected at the Macdill and Bay to Bay intersection to officially designate the district. Its ribbon cutting was March 17, 2010.[1][2]
Coordinates: 27°55′15″N 82°29′43″W / 27.9208557°N 82.495373°W / 27.9208557; -82.495373
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Palmetto, Florida
Palmetto is a city in Manatee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was listed as 12,606 It is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Palmetto is located at 27°31′20″N 82°34′42″W / 27.522115°N 82.578418°W / 27.522115; -82.578418.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.4 square miles (11 km2). 4.3 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (2.92%) is water.
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,606 people, 4,891 households, and 3,192 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,865.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,096.2/km²). There were 6,729 housing units at an average density of 1,529.4 per square mile (585.13/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.10% White, 10.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 14.2% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.3% of the population.
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Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix ( /ˈfiːnɪks/ FEE-niks; O'odham: Ski:kigk; Yavapai: Wathinka or Wakatehe; Western Apache: Fiinigis; Navajo: Hoozdoh; Mojave: Hachpa 'Anya Nyava) is the capital, and largest city, of the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the sixth most populous city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,445,632 people according to the official 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data. It is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area (also known as the Valley of the Sun), and is the 12th largest metro area by population in the United States with about 4.2 million people in 2010. In addition, Phoenix is the county seat of Maricopa County, and is one of the largest cities in the United States by land area. Phoenix is the largest capital city in the United States and the only state capital with over 1,000,000 people.
Phoenix was incorporated as a city in 1881, after being founded in 1861 near the Salt River, close to the confluence with the Gila River. The city has a notable and famous political culture and has been home to numerous influential American politicians and other dignitaries, including Barry Goldwater, William Rehnquist, John McCain, Carl Hayden, and Sandra Day O'Connor. Residents of the city are known as Phoenicians.
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Pinellas County
Pinellas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. Its 2010 population was 916,542. Its county seat is Clearwater and its largest city is St. Petersburg. Pinellas, together with Hillsborough, Hernando, and Pasco counties form the Tampa-St.Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area, and along with various combinations of Manatee and Sarasota counties to the south, Citrus County to the north, and Polk County to the east is often referred to as the Tampa Bay Area.
Prior to European exploration and settlement the Pinellas peninsula was inhabited by the Tocobaga, who built a town and large temple mound overlooking the bay in what is now Safety Harbor. The modern site is protected by the county and can be visited as a part of Philippe Park.
During the 16th century Spanish explorers discovered and slowly began venturing into Florida, including Tampa Bay. In 1528 Panfilo de Narvaez landed in Pinellas, and 10 years later Hernando de Soto is thought to have explored the Bay. By the early 18th century the Tocobaga had been virtually annihilated, having fallen victim to European diseases from which they had no immunity, as well as European conflicts. Later Spanish explorers named the area Punta Piñal (Spanish for "Point of Pines" or "Piney Point"). After trading hands multiple times between the English and the Spanish, Spain finally ceded Florida to the United States in 1821, and in 1823 the U.S. Army established Fort Brooke (later Tampa).
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Plant City, Florida
Plant City is a city in Hillsborough County, Florida, in the United States, approximately midway between Brandon and Lakeland along Interstate 4. The population was 34,721 at the 2010 census.
Many people believe it was named for the flora (especially vegetables and fruits, as well as tropical houseplants) grown at plant nurseries in its tropical Gulf Coast climate. However, it was actually named after prominent railroad developer, Henry B. Plant (see Plant System).
Plant City is known as the winter strawberry capital of the world and hosts the annual Florida Strawberry Festival in the late winter (usually in February or early March), which is attended by people from all over the United States as well as many people from around the world. Wishnatzki Farms, the largest producer and shipper of strawberries in Florida, is headquartered in Plant City.
Plant City's original name was Ichepucksassa (also known as Idasukshed) after the Indian village that once occupied the territory. Its name caused so much confusion that the city was renamed Cork, after the postmaster's Irish hometown. It was finally given the name Plant City in commemoration of Henry B. Plant and his railroad, which significantly boosted the commerce in this primarily agricultural community by incorporating it with the South Florida Railroad.
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Polk County, Florida
Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. Its 2010 population was 602,095. Its county seat is Bartow and its largest city is Lakeland. Polk County is coextensive with the Lakeland-Winter Haven, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located in central Florida along the I-4 Corridor, Polk, along with the counties to the west, is sometimes considered a part of the Tampa Bay Area. However, some of its eastern communities have closer ties to the Greater Orlando metropolitan area. The center of population of Florida is located in the city of Lake Wales.
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Port Tampa, Tampa
Port Tampa is a neighborhood in the southwesternmost portion within the city limits of Tampa, Florida, on the western end of the Interbay Peninsula. Within this neighborhood is Picnic Island Park as well as several public schools including Westshore Elementary, Monroe Middle School, and Robinson High School.
It is sometimes confused with the Port of Tampa, Tampa's larger port area near downtown on the northern end of Hillsborough Bay.
The town of Port Tampa City was established in 1885 at the end of Henry B. Plant's railroad line. The shallow draft of Tampa Bay made Tampa's main port inaccessible for the larger ships of the day, so Plant built a new port several miles away. To help bring visitors and residents to this new development, Plant's built the St. Elmo Inn and Port Tampa Inn at the end of his rail line. The Port Tampa Inn was larger and had the distinction of being constructed directly on the bay on stilts.
Port Tampa was the primary port of embarkation for the Spanish-American War in Cuba. In June 1898 Port Tampa and the city of Tampa hosted more than 33,000 visitors including military officers, enlisted men, nurses, civilian clerks, teamsters, packers, stevedores, war correspondents, tourists, and a host of foreign military observers. Wartime notables who passed through Port Tampa included Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders, the Buffalo Soldiers, Clara Barton of the American Red Cross, Richard Harding Davis, Stephen Crane, and Frederic Remington.
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Research Triangle
Coordinates: 35°53′N 78°47′W / 35.88°N 78.79°W / 35.88; -78.79
The Research Triangle, also known as Raleigh-Durham or Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, and commonly referred to as simply "The Triangle", is a region in the Piedmont of North Carolina in the United States, anchored by North Carolina State University, Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and cities of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill respectively. The eight-county region, officially named the Raleigh-Durham-Cary CSA, comprises the Raleigh-Cary and Durham-Chapel Hill metropolitan areas and the Dunn Micropolitan Statistical Area. A 2009 Census Estimate put the population at 1,742,816. The Raleigh-Durham television market includes a broader 23-county area which includes Fayetteville, and has a population of 2,726,000 persons.
The "Triangle" name was cemented in the public consciousness in the 1950s with the creation of Research Triangle Park, home to numerous high-tech companies and enterprises. Although the name is now used to refer to the geographic region, "The Triangle" originally referred to the universities, whose research facilities, and the educated workforce they provide, have historically served as a major attraction for businesses located in the region. The region should not be confused with "The Triad", which is a North Carolina region adjacent to and directly west of the Triangle comprising Greensboro, Winston-Salem, and High Point, among other cities. Most of the Triangle is represented by, and closely associated with, the second, fourth and thirteenth congressional districts.
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Ruskin, Florida
Ruskin is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The town was founded August 7, 1908 on the shores of the Little Manatee River. It was developed by Dr. George McAnelly Miller, an attorney and professor at Ruskin College in Trenton, Missouri, and Mrs. Adaline D. Miller. He established the short lived Ruskin College in Florida.
The town remained largely agricultural, including large tomato crops, until recent decades when it expanded with suburban housing developments. The population was 17,208 at the 2010 census.
Ruskin is home to Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve.
Ruskin is located at 27°42′53″N 82°26′1″W / 27.71472°N 82.43361°W / 27.71472; -82.43361 (27.714703, -82.433530).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 15.4 square miles (40 km2), of which, 14.2 square miles (37 km2) of it is land and 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2) of it (7.65%) is water.
Situated on the shores of the Little Manatee River, the town (founded on August 7, 1908) and college were named after the English writer and social reformist John Ruskin (1819–1900)
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San Antonio, Florida
San Antonio is a city in Pasco County, Florida, United States. It is a suburban city included in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 655 at the 2000 census, although local officials claim the true population in 2000 was 842. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 913. It was established as a Catholic colony by Judge Edmund F. Dunne, and Saint Leo University is located nearby.
San Antonio is located at 28°20′12″N 82°16′30″W / 28.33667°N 82.275°W / 28.33667; -82.275 (28.336649, -82.275011).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all land.
San Antonio was founded in 1882 by Edmund F. Dunne who previously had been chief justice of the Arizona territory. He established the city as the center of a Catholic colony in Florida. Dunne planned four other villages for the surrounding area, but only Saint Joseph, Saint Thomas and Carmel survived until 1900. In 1889 the Benedictines established the monastery of St. Leo and St. Leo College on Dunne's former homestead and farm land, later incorporating the area as part of a separate town, St. Leo, Florida.
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Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo, known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic. Its metropolitan population was 2,084,852 in 2003, and estimated at 3,712,391 in 2010. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea, at the mouth of the Ozama River. Founded by Bartholomew Columbus in 1496, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World. It lies within the boundaries of the Distrito Nacional (D.N.; "National District"), itself bordered on three sides by Santo Domingo Province.
Santo Domingo was called "Ciudad Trujillo", from 1930 to 1961, after the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael Trujillo, named the capital after himself. Following his assassination, the city resumed its original designation. Today, Santo Domingo is the Dominican Republic's major metropolis, and is the largest city in the Caribbean by population.[citation needed] Santo Domingo is ranked as a Gamma world city by Loughborough University.
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Sarasota, Florida
Sarasota is a city located in Sarasota County on the southwestern coast of the U.S. state of Florida. It is south of the Tampa Bay Area and north of Fort Myers. Its current official limits include Sarasota Bay and several barrier islands between the bay and the Gulf of Mexico.
These islands separating Sarasota Bay from the gulf near the city, known as keys, include Lido Key and Siesta Key, which are famous worldwide for the quality of their sandy beaches.
Today the keys that are included in the boundary of Sarasota are Lido Key, St. Armands Key, Otter Key, Coon Key, Bird Key, and portions of Siesta Key. Previously, Siesta Key was named Sarasota Key. At one time, it and all of Longboat Key were considered part of Sarasota and confusing contemporaneous references may be found discussing them.
Longboat Key is the largest key separating the bay from the gulf, but it is now evenly divided by the new county line of 1921. The portion of the key that parallels the Sarasota city boundary that extends to that new county line along the bay front of the mainland was removed from the city boundaries at the request of John Ringling in the mid-1920s, who sought to avoid city taxation of his planned developments at the southern tip of the key. Although they never were completed in the quickly faltering economy, those development concessions granted by the city never were reversed and the county has retained regulation of those lands ever since.
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Seffner, Florida
Seffner is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,467 at the 2000 census, although its ZIP codes (33584 & 33583), which boundaries extend beyond the ones given by the census and include the places of Mango and a portion of Thonotosassa, have a population of around 35,000.
Approximately 15 miles east of downtown Tampa, Seffner serves as a suburban haven for commuters. Characterized by towering live oak trees, strawberry farms and pristine lakes, this small town has been growing rapidly. Upscale, gated subdivisions now dot the once rural landscape.
Seffner is located at 27°59′32″N 82°16′36″W / 27.992299°N 82.276692°W / 27.992299; -82.276692.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2), of which, 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (2.95%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,467 people, 2,075 households, and 1,520 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,512.2 people per square mile (583.1/km²). There were 2,168 housing units at an average density of 599.7/sq mi (231.2/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 91.35% White, 3.26% African American, 0.29% Native American, 1.02% Asian, 2.71% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.21% of the population.
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Seminole, Florida
Seminole is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The population was 17,233 at the 2010 census, up from 10,890 in 2000. St. Petersburg College has a campus in the city.
Seminole is located at 27°50′19″N 82°47′6″W / 27.83861°N 82.785°W / 27.83861; -82.785 (27.838502, -82.784913). It is surrounded by Pinellas County enclaves in all directions. Its closest neighbors are Indian Rocks Beach to the northwest, Largo to the north, Pinellas Park to the east, St. Petersburg to the south, and the Gulf beach communities to the west. Its main arteries are State Road 694 and Alternate U.S. Highway 19. It embraces the lower half of the lower limb of Lake Seminole.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.6 square miles (14.6 km2). 5.1 square miles (13.2 km2) of it is land and 0.54 square miles (1.4 km2) of it (9.58%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,890 people, 5,989 households, and 2,701 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,402.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,702.3/km²). There were 7,297 housing units at an average density of 2,949.7 per square mile (1,140.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.61% White, 0.48% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.25% of the population.
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Siesta Key, Florida
Siesta Key is a barrier island off the central western coast of Florida in the United States of America. It is situated between Sarasota Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. A portion of it lies within the city boundary of Sarasota, but the majority of the key is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sarasota County. After the probable Amerindian name of Zarazote for the area and the bay, the key was originally named Sarasota Key by European cartographers during exploration beginning in 1513. That name can be seen on maps from the early 18th century as well as on all local maps drawn before the name change to Siesta Key in the 1920s. The population was 7,150 at the 2000 census.
Siesta Key is part of the Bradenton–Sarasota–Venice Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Siesta Key is located at 27°16′31″N 82°33′9″W / 27.27528°N 82.5525°W / 27.27528; -82.5525 (27.275150, -82.552631).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2), of which, 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) of it is land and 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2) of it (33.62%) is water.
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Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations. The term originally referred to the region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the area; it is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-tech sector. Despite the development of other high-tech economic centers throughout the United States and the world, Silicon Valley continues to be the leading hub for high-tech innovation and development, accounting for one-third (1/3) of all of the venture capital investment in the United States. Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses all of the Santa Clara Valley including the city of San Jose (and adjacent communities), the southern Peninsula Valley, and the southern East Bay.
The term Silicon Valley was coined by Ralph Vaerst, a successful Central California entrepreneur. Its first published use is credited to Don Hoefler, a friend of Vaerst's, who used the phrase as the title of a series of articles in the weekly trade newspaper Electronic News. The series, entitled "Silicon Valley in the USA," began in the paper's issue dated January 11, 1971. Valley refers to the Santa Clara Valley, located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, while Silicon refers to the high concentration of companies involved in the semiconductor (silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially) and computer industries that were concentrated in the area. These firms slowly replaced the orchards which gave the area its initial nickname, the Valley of Heart's Delight.
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South Florida
South Florida is a region of the U.S. state of Florida. As the name implies, it comprises the southernmost part of the state. It is one of Florida's three most common "directional" regions, the others being Central Florida and North Florida. It includes the populous Miami metropolitan area, the Florida Keys, and other localities.
As with all vernacular regions, South Florida has no official boundaries or status, and is defined differently by different sources. A 2007 study of Florida's regions by Ary Lamme and Raymond K. Oldakowski found that Floridians surveyed identified "South Florida" as comprising the southernmost sections of peninsular Florida. This area includes the Miami metropolitan area (generally defined as Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties), the Florida Keys, and the interior region known as the Glades. Additionally, South West Florida, representing the state's southern Gulf Coast, has emerged as a directional vernacular region. Some respondents from as far northwest as the southern Tampa Bay area identified their region as being in South Florida rather than South West or Central Florida.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Sparta
Coordinates: 37°4′55″N 22°25′25″E / 37.08194°N 22.42361°E / 37.08194; 22.42361
Sparta (Doric Σπάρτα; Attic Σπάρτη Spartē), or Lacedaemon, was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the River Eurotas in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. It emerged as a political entity around the 10th century BC, when the invading Dorians subjugated the local, non-Dorian population. From c. 650 BC it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.
Given its military pre-eminence, Sparta was recognized as the overall leader of the combined Greek forces during the Greco-Persian Wars. Between 431 and 404 BC, Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious, though at great cost. Sparta's defeat by Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC ended Sparta's prominent role in Greece. However, it maintained its political independence until the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC.
Sparta was unique in ancient Greece for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military training and excellence. Its inhabitants were classified as Spartiates (Spartan citizens, who enjoyed full rights), Mothakes (non-Spartan free men raised as Spartans), Perioikoi (freedmen), and Helots (state-owned serfs, enslaved non-Spartan local population). Spartiates underwent the rigorous agoge training and education regimen, and Spartan phalanges were widely considered to be among the best in battle. Spartan women enjoyed considerably more rights and equality to men than elsewhere in the classical world.
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Spring Hill, Florida
Spring Hill is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hernando County, Florida, United States. The estimated population was 92,144 in 2007 by the United States Census. Spring Hill belongs to Florida's Nature Coast and is in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater metro area.
Spring Hill was founded in 1968 as a planned community, which was developed by the Deltona Corporation and the Mackle Brothers who built the community. The plans for the community are actually identical to the community of Deltona, Florida. The Mackle Brothers sold many of the properties and land in the area through intense advertising. It appeared on maps of Florida as early as 1856. It has since become a sprawling semi-city in its own right, though it is an unincorporated area. The main entrance to the original development is marked by the Spring Hill waterfall on Spring Hill Drive and US Route 19 (Commercial Way). Its location has Hernando Beach to the west, Brooksville, Florida to the east, and Tampa to the south via the Suncoast Parkway, US 41, and I-75. Spring Hill is the largest town in population north of Tampa in the St. Petersburg-Clearwater metro area.
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Tallahassee, Florida
Tallahassee ( /ˌtæləˈhæsi/) is the capital of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County, and is the 128th largest city in the United States. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2010, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 181,376 , and the Tallahassee metropolitan area is 367,413.
Tallahassee is one of Florida's most prominent college cities, and is home to several colleges and universities, most notably Florida State University and Florida A&M University. Other schools in Tallahassee include Tallahassee Community College and branches of Saint Leo University, Thomas University, Keiser University, Barry University, Flagler College, and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
Tallahassee is a regional center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Panhandle, and is served by Tallahassee Regional Airport. With one of the fastest growing manufacturing and high tech economies in Florida, its major private employers include a General Dynamics Land Systems manufacturing facility (military and combat applications), the Municipal Code Corporation, which specializes in the publication of municipal and county legal references; and a number of national law firms, lobbying organizations, trade associations and professional associations, including the Florida Bar and the Florida Chamber of Commerce. It is recognized as a regional center for scientific research, and is home to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, the largest and highest-powered magnet research laboratory in the world.
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Tampa Bay Area
Coordinates: 28°00′N 82°18′W / 28°N 82.3°W / 28; -82.3
The Tampa Bay Area is the region of west central Florida adjacent to Tampa Bay. Definitions of the region vary. It is often considered equivalent to the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (or MSA) defined by the United States Census Bureau. The Census Bureau currently estimates the population for the CMSA at 4,228,855 as of 2010 during consolidation. as of July 1, 2008, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Florida and fourth in the Southeast.
A wider definition is adopted by other entities, including state agencies like Enterprise Florida and the Florida Department of Transportation, and the Tampa Bay Partnership, a not-for-profit organization created to promote economic growth in the region. These entities include additional nearby counties. According to the Tampa Bay Partnership the Greater Tampa Bay Region contains 4 million residents. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U.S. Census data showed an average annual growth of 2.47 percent, or a gain of approximately 97,000 residents per year between 2000 and 2006. The combined Greater Tampa Bay region experienced a combined growth rate of 14.8 percent, growing from 3.4 million to 3.9 million and hitting the 4 million mark on April 1, 2007 in the continuous Tampa Bay urban area.
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Tampa Bay area
Coordinates: 28°00′N 82°18′W / 28°N 82.3°W / 28; -82.3
The Tampa Bay Area is the region of west central Florida adjacent to Tampa Bay. Definitions of the region vary. It is often considered equivalent to the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (or MSA) defined by the United States Census Bureau. The Census Bureau currently estimates the population for the CMSA at 4,228,855 as of 2010 during consolidation. as of July 1, 2008, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Florida and fourth in the Southeast.
A wider definition is adopted by other entities, including state agencies like Enterprise Florida and the Florida Department of Transportation, and the Tampa Bay Partnership, a not-for-profit organization created to promote economic growth in the region. These entities include additional nearby counties. According to the Tampa Bay Partnership the Greater Tampa Bay Region contains 4 million residents. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U.S. Census data showed an average annual growth of 2.47 percent, or a gain of approximately 97,000 residents per year between 2000 and 2006. The combined Greater Tampa Bay region experienced a combined growth rate of 14.8 percent, growing from 3.4 million to 3.9 million and hitting the 4 million mark on April 1, 2007 in the continuous Tampa Bay urban area.
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Tampa Heights, Tampa
Tampa Heights is one of the oldest neighborhoods within the city limits of Tampa that's situated in the central part of the city. As of the 2000 census, the neighborhood had a population of 16,393.
Tampa Heights is bounded by the Hillsborough River to the west, Hillsborough Avenue (U.S. Highway 92) to the north, Downtown Tampa to the south, and Seminole Heights and Ybor City to the east. The land area of the neighborhood is 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2).
Thomas P. Kennedy is credited with naming the area when he moved there calling it the "Highlands" and it was developed as Tampa's first suburb. Today the neighborhood is known for its diversity and historic status, but gentrification of the area is causing controversy. [1]
As of the census of 2000, there are 16,393 people and 6,269 households residing in Tampa Heights. The racial makeup of Tampa Heights is 52.4% White, 37.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian and Pacific Islander, 6.3% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 24.6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Tampa Palms, Tampa
Tampa Palms is a neighborhood within the New Tampa district of the city of Tampa, Florida. As of the 2000 census the neighborhood had a population of 10,159. The ZIP Codes serving the neighborhood are 33559, 33592, 33613, 33617, 33637, and 33647.
Tampa Palms is an exclusive mix-use planned community north of USF along the Bruce B Downs corridor. Tampa Palms is complete with homes, shops, offices, churches, recreational facilities, schools and dining facilities. Designed by engineering team of Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Tampa Palms has been awarded the coveted Aurora Award by the Southeast Homebuilders Association and was named “the top master planned community in the US for 1987” by the National Association of Homebuilders[citation needed].
Wide spine roads throughout Tampa Palms, including its signature 120-foot (37 m) wide Tampa Palms Boulevard, provide access without leaving home for Tampa Palms residents to shops, schools and restaurants. Schools in this area are Chiles Elementary, Tampa Palms Elementary, Liberty Middle, Primrose School, and Freedom High.
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Tampa, Florida
Tampa (pronunciation: /ˈtæmpə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County and is located on the west coast of Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. The population of Tampa in 2010 was 335,709.
The current location of Tampa was once inhabited by indigenous peoples of the Safety Harbor culture, most notably the Tocobaga and the Pohoy, who lived along the shores of Tampa Bay. It was briefly explored by Spanish explorers in the early 16th century, but there were no permanent American or European settlements within today's city limits until after the United States had acquired Florida from Spain in 1819.
In 1824, the United States Army established a frontier outpost called Fort Brooke at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, near the site of today's Tampa Convention Center. The first civilian residents were pioneers who settled near the fort for protection from the nearby Seminole population. The town grew slowly until the 1880s, when railroad links, the discovery of phosphate, and the arrival of the cigar industry jump-started Tampa's development and helped it to grow into an important city by the early 1900s.
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Trinity, Florida
Trinity is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States. The population was 4,279 at the 2000 census. It is now speculated that the Trinity area has grown to almost triple the size with a probable population of 13,298. The Trinity Community is named after Trinity College of Florida, a Bible college founded in 1932, when it relocated to the first occupied site in the communities developed by Dr. James Gills in the late 1980s.
Trinity is located at 28°10′40″N 82°40′16″W / 28.17778°N 82.67111°W / 28.17778; -82.67111 (28.177854, -82.671139).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), all of it land.
Trinity is a fast growing community bordering Pinellas County and considered as part of the New Port Richey area. It mostly consists of moderate to higher priced single family homes and a luxury apartment complex, The Palms at Wyndtree. A majority of Trinity is the Trinity Communities which is made up of Champions Club, Trinity Oaks, Foxwood, Trinity West and East, Heritage Springs and The Villages Of Fox Hollow. The Sheriff of Pasco County also lives in the area. Trinity has three main supermarkets: Sweetbay, Publix @ Chelsea Place, and Publix @ Mitchell Ranch Plaza. In addition there is also a Target and Super Wal-Mart. Pasco County Fire-Rescue Station # 17 covers most of Trinity and Station # 15 has some areas. The Pasco County Sheriff's office is the primary law enforcement agency, with the Florida Highway Patrol covering some major roadways.
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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Uceta Yard
Uceta Yard is a rail yard in non-residential section within the city limits of Tampa. The ZIP Code serving the community is 33619.
Uceta Yard was the primary classification yard for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL) in central Florida. Located in Tampa, adjacent to the former Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL) Yeoman Yard, it was also the site of a large car and locomotive repair facility.
After the 1967 SCL merger, the yard was gradually downgraded to being a storage yard and intermodal facility for the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad, later to become CSX Transportation in the early 1980s.
Uceta Yard is located nearly halfway between Downtown Tampa and suburban Brandon, on the city's easternmost edge. Its borders include Tampa city limits to the north, Tampa Bypass Canal to the east, Palm River-Clair Mel to the South and East Ybor to the west.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Tampa
The University of Tampa (UT), is a private, co-educational university in Downtown Tampa, Florida, United States. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2006, the University celebrated its 75th anniversary. UT offers over 100 undergraduate degree options, along with master's degree programs in business administration, accounting, finance, education, marketing, innovation management, and nursing. UT’s John H. Sykes College of Business is one of 45 schools that The Princeton Review has added to its annual best business schools guide in 2006. They selected it for their 2011 edition of Best 300 Business Schools, the fifth year in a row.
UT has approximately 6,700 students from 50 U.S. states. Many students come from northern and northeastern states, attracted by the warm weather, the nearby beaches, and the beautiful campus. Students from Florida make up half of the student body. Over 100 countries are represented within the student body, giving it a rich cultural diversity. Seventy percent of students live in campus housing.
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University, Florida
University is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 41,163 at the 2010 census. It is the home of University of South Florida located just east of the community. The community is also known as University West, mainly due to its location in relation to the university. The community is often notoriously referred to by locals as Suitcase City due to the high rate of transients.
University is bounded by Interstate 275 to the west, Tampa city limits to the south, University of South Florida to the east, and Bearss Avenue to the north. Its historical boundaries stretch as far east as Morris Bridge Road; however, the boundaries were scaled back owing to annexations by Tampa and Temple Terrace during the 1980s.
University Mall, a shopping center located at the southern end of the community, was the main source of economic development within the community during the 1970s-1980's. The businesses that were concentrated in the mall have been replaced by many stand alone shops along Fowler and Fletcher Avenues, such as Wal-Mart, Target and dozens of fast food establishments. The Library Lounge is a prominent strip club, catering to the needs of many transients along Nebraska Avenue. There is a county bus transportation center operated by HARTline and a county health department located in the area. Fletcher east has become a hub of medical and dental groups adjacent to Florida Hospital Tampa.
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USDA
The United States Department of Agriculture (informally the Agriculture Department or USDA) is the United States federal executive department responsible for developing and executing U.S. federal government policy on farming, agriculture, and food. It aims to meet the needs of farmers and ranchers, promote agricultural trade and production, work to assure food safety, protect natural resources, foster rural communities and end hunger in the United States and abroad.
The head of the department is the Secretary of Agriculture, who is a member of the Cabinet. The current Secretary is Tom Vilsack.
Early in its history, the economy of the United States was largely agrarian. Officials in the federal government had long sought new and improved varieties of seeds, plants and animals for importation to the United States. In 1837 Henry Leavitt Ellsworth, a Yale-educated attorney interested in improving agriculture, became Commissioner of Patents, a position within the Department of State. He soon began collecting and distributing new varieties of seeds and plants through members of the Congress and agricultural societies. In 1839, Congress established the Agricultural Division within the Patent Office and allotted $1,000 for "the collection of agricultural statistics and other agricultural purposes."
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USF Sun Dome
The USF Sun Dome (also known as the USF Arena & Convocation Center) is a 55,000-square-foot (5,100 m2) multi-purpose facility, on the campus of the University of South Florida, in Tampa, Florida. It was built, starting in 1977 and was completed on November 29, 1980.
It is located on the southeastern side of campus, and is home to the men's and women's basketball and volleyball teams.
The Sun Dome is a multi-purpose facility, hosting approximately 300 different events each year, including sporting events, concerts, home and garden shows, trade shows, religious services and conventions, ethnic festivals, rodeos, bull riding competitions, youth sports camps, wrestling, boxing, Taekwondo tournaments, gymnastics and cheerleading competitions, commencement ceremonies, lectures and political rallies among other corporate, community and university events.
It also held live events by WWE, such as Saturday Night's Main Event in December 1985, and the 1995 Royal Rumble. The UFC also made their debut in the arena in February 2009 with UFC Fight Night: Lauzon vs Stephens.
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Valrico, Florida
Valrico is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 6,582 at the 2000 census.
Valrico began as a region of cotton plantations known as Long Pond. The arrival of the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad in 1890 brought many new immigrants from points north. William G. Tousey, a philosophy professor from Tufts College, gave the community its current name, Spanish for "rich valley".[citation needed]
Valrico is located at 27°56′27″N 82°14′33″W / 27.94083°N 82.2425°W / 27.94083; -82.2425 (27.940774, -82.242551).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 5.7 square miles (15 km2), of which, 5.6 square miles (15 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (1.41%) is water.
TAs of the census of 2000, there were 6,582 people, 2,632 households, and 1,826 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,176.9 people per square mile (454.6/km²). There were 2,831 housing units at an average density of 506.2/sq mi (195.5/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 89.32% White, 3.21% African American, 0.49% Native American, 1.47% Asian, 3.57% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.82% of the population.
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Venice, Florida
Venice is a city in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2007 estimates, the city had a population of 21,015. It is noted for its large snowbird population. Its newspaper is the Venice Gondolier Sun. Tampa Bay's Univision affiliate WVEA-TV is licensed to Venice, though it is based in Tampa, and broadcasts from Riverview.
Venice is a principal city of the Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
In the 1870s, Richard Roberts established a homestead near Roberts Bay. In 1884, he sold a portion of his holdings to Frank Higel. Higel established a citrus operation involving the production of several lines of canned citrus items and for the next 30 years, the Higel family members were boat builders, fishermen, grove caretakers and contractors. Darwin Curry was the first postmaster. The Higel and Curry families chose the name Venice for their community post office, located south of Shakett Creek on what is now known as Portia Street in Nokomis, Florida.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
A new capital city named after George Washington was founded in 1791 to the east of the preexisting port of Georgetown. Congress consolidated the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the remaining unincorporated area within the District under a single municipal government in 1871. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, located on the country's Pacific coast.
Washington, D.C., had an estimated population of 617,996 in 2011. The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's population to over one million during the workweek. The Washington Metropolitan Area, of which the District is a part, has a population of nearly 5.6 million, the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the country.
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West Tampa
West Tampa is one of the oldest neighborhoods within the city limits of Tampa, Florida, USA. It was an independently incorporated city from 1895 until 1925, when it was annexed by Tampa.
West Tampa is located west of the Hillsborough River approximately 1 mile from downtown. As of the 2000 census, the district had a population of 22,008. It has consistently been home to one of the highest concentration of Latinos in the city since its founding in 1892.
West Tampa was founded in 1892 by Scottish immigrant and local attorney Hugh Macfarlane, who bought 200 acres of forested land with the intention of starting a new development by luring some of the cigar factories and cigar workers from Ybor City, a very successful new immigrant community on the northeast side of Tampa.
Initially, West Tampa's growth was stunted by transportation problems. The first cigar factory built in the area was forced to close temporarily because workers refused to ride a ferry across the Hillsborough River to the "wilds" of West Tampa.
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West Tampa, Florida
West Tampa is one of the oldest neighborhoods within the city limits of Tampa, Florida, USA. It was an independently incorporated city from 1895 until 1925, when it was annexed by Tampa.
West Tampa is located west of the Hillsborough River approximately 1 mile from downtown. As of the 2000 census, the district had a population of 22,008. It has consistently been home to one of the highest concentration of Latinos in the city since its founding in 1892.
West Tampa was founded in 1892 by Scottish immigrant and local attorney Hugh Macfarlane, who bought 200 acres of forested land with the intention of starting a new development by luring some of the cigar factories and cigar workers from Ybor City, a very successful new immigrant community on the northeast side of Tampa.
Initially, West Tampa's growth was stunted by transportation problems. The first cigar factory built in the area was forced to close temporarily because workers refused to ride a ferry across the Hillsborough River to the "wilds" of West Tampa.
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Westchase, Florida
Westchase is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,116 as of the 2000 census. The Census area is co-extensive with the ZIP code that serves the area (33626). Westchase is also one of the wealthiest areas of Hillsborough County.
Westchase is located halfway between Tampa and Clearwater. Its boundaries include Oldsmar to the west, Keystone to the north, Town 'n' Country to the south and Citrus Park to the east. Westchase Golf Course is a major recreational amenity for the community and the course is open to the public also (www.westchasegc.com).Tampa Bay Downs Horse Racetrack is located on the area's western edge.
Westchase was founded in 1991 with the approval of the County Commissioners of Hillsborough County.
Westchase is located at 28°3′10″N 82°36′41″W / 28.05278°N 82.61139°W / 28.05278; -82.61139 (28.052799, -82.611352) or about 12 miles northwest of Tampa.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 10.8 square miles (28 km2), of which, 10.8 square miles (28 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.46%) is water.
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Wikimedia Foundation
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. is an American non-profit charitable organization headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States. It is organized under the laws of the state of Florida, where it was initially based. It operates several online collaborative wiki projects including Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikisource, Wikimedia Commons, Wikispecies, Wikinews, Wikiversity, Wikimedia Incubator, Meta-Wiki and owns the now-defunct Nupedia. Its flagship project, Wikipedia, ranks in the top-ten most-visited websites worldwide. The creation of the foundation was officially announced on June 20, 2003, by Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales, who had been operating Wikipedia under the aegis of his company Bomis.
The Wikimedia Foundation falls under section 501(c)(3) of the US Internal Revenue Code as a public charity. Its National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) code is C60 (Adult, Continuing Education).The foundation's by-laws declare a statement of purpose of collecting and developing educational content and to disseminate it effectively and globally.
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Wimauma, Florida
Wimauma is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 4,246 at the 2000 census.
Wimauma was founded by Captain C.H. Davis in 1902. That year, Davis helped build the Seaboard Air Line Railroad connecting Turkey Creek and Bradenton. Davis decided to found a town at the half-way point, opening a post office there in on October 24, 1902. Davis named the town by taking the first letters of the names of his three daughters, Willie, Maude, and Mary. The town had the railroad tracks as the western boundary and was centered around Lake Tiger, now called Lake Wimauma. The town was officially incorporated in 1925 as the county's fourth municipality, but the city government ceased to function some time in the 1930s. In 1993 this fact was rediscovered, but it was concluded that the incorporation was no longer valid after about 60 years without a city government. Currently, Wimauma is the site of the Church Of God (Cleveland, TN) Camp Ground and conference center.
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Ybor City
Ybor City (/iːbɔ̹r/) is a historic neighborhood in Tampa, Florida located just northeast of downtown. It was founded in the 1880s by cigar manufacturers and was populated by thousands of immigrants, mainly from Spain, Cuba, and Italy. For the next 50 years, workers in Ybor City's cigar factories would roll millions of cigars annually.
The neighborhood had features unusual among contemporary immigrant communities in the southern United States, most notably its multi-ethnic and multi-racial population and their many mutual aid societies. A slow exodus out of the area that began during the Great Depression accelerated after World War II, leading to a period of abandonment and decay. After decades of neglect, a portion of the original neighborhood has redeveloped into a night club and entertainment district. One of the five campuses of Hillsborough Community College is located there - HCC Ybor.
The neighborhood has been designated as a National Historic Landmark District, and several structures in the area are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008, 7th Avenue, the main commercial thoroughfare in Ybor City, was recognized as one of the “10 Great Streets in America” by the American Planning Association. In 2010 Columbia Restaurant was named a "Top 50 All-American icon" by Nation's Restaurant News magazine.[2]
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Ybor City, Tampa
Ybor City (/iːbɔ̹r/) is a historic neighborhood in Tampa, Florida located just northeast of downtown. It was founded in the 1880s by cigar manufacturers and was populated by thousands of immigrants, mainly from Spain, Cuba, and Italy. For the next 50 years, workers in Ybor City's cigar factories would roll millions of cigars annually.
The neighborhood had features unusual among contemporary immigrant communities in the southern United States, most notably its multi-ethnic and multi-racial population and their many mutual aid societies. A slow exodus out of the area that began during the Great Depression accelerated after World War II, leading to a period of abandonment and decay. After decades of neglect, a portion of the original neighborhood has redeveloped into a night club and entertainment district. One of the five campuses of Hillsborough Community College is located there - HCC Ybor.
The neighborhood has been designated as a National Historic Landmark District, and several structures in the area are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008, 7th Avenue, the main commercial thoroughfare in Ybor City, was recognized as one of the “10 Great Streets in America” by the American Planning Association. In 2010 Columbia Restaurant was named a "Top 50 All-American icon" by Nation's Restaurant News magazine.[2]
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Zephyrhills, Florida
Zephyrhills is a city in Pasco County, Florida. The population was 10,833 at the 2000 census. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2004 estimates, the city had a population of 11,854. It is a suburb of the Tampa Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area. Zephyrhills is also known as the headquarters of the Zephyrhills bottled water company.
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,833 people, 4,944 households, and 2,986 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,728.2 inhabitants per square mile (667.1/km²). There were 6,167 housing units at an average density of 983.8 per square mile (379.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.63% White, 2.79% African American, 0.23% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.60% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.03% of the population.
There were 4,944 households out of which 20.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 46.5% were married couples living with others, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.63.
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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie ( /kɑrˈneɪɡi/ kar-NAY-gee, but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨɡi/ KAR-nə-gee or /kɑrˈnɛɡi/ kar-NEG-ee) (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was also one of the most important philanthropists of his era.
Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848. His first job in the United States was as a factory worker in a bobbin factory. Later on he became a bill logger for the owner of the company. Soon after he became a messenger boy. Eventually he progressed up the ranks of a telegraph company. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged with Elbert H. Gary's Federal Steel Company and several smaller companies to create U.S. Steel. With the fortune he made from business among others he built Carnegie Hall, later he turned to philanthropy and interests in education, founding the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Carnegie Mellon University and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh.
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Babe Zaharias
Mildred Ella "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias (June 26, 1911 – September 27, 1956) was an American athlete who achieved outstanding success in golf, basketball, and track and field. She was named the 10th Greatest North American Athlete of the 20th Century by ESPN, and the 9th Greatest Athlete of the 20th Century by the Associated Press.
Mildred Ella Didrikson was the sixth of seven children born in the coastal oil city of Port Arthur in southeastern Texas. Her mother, Hannah, and her father, Ole, were immigrants from Norway. Three of her six siblings were born in Norway, and the other three were born in Port Arthur. She later changed the spelling of her surname from Didriksen to Didrikson. Didrikson moved with her family to Beaumont, Texas, at age four, residing at 850 Doucette. She claimed to have acquired the nickname "Babe" (after Babe Ruth) upon hitting five home runs in a childhood baseball game. In reality, her Norwegian mother had called her "Bebe" from the time she was a toddler.
Though best known for her athletic gifts, Didrikson had many talents and was a competitor in even the most domestic of occupations: sewing. An excellent seamstress, she made many of the clothes she wore, including her golfing outfits. She claimed to have won the sewing championship at the 1931 State Fair of Texas in Dallas, but in reality won the South Texas State Fair in Beaumont, embellishing the story many years later in 1953. She attended Beaumont High School. Never a strong student, she had been forced to repeat the eighth grade and was a year older than her classmates. She eventually dropped out without graduating after she moved to Dallas to play basketball. She was a singer and a harmonica player. She recorded several songs on the Mercury Records label. Her biggest seller was "I Felt a Little Teardrop" with "Detour" on the flip side.[citation needed]
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Baldomero Lopez
Baldomero Lopez (August 23, 1925 – September 15, 1950) was a first lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps during the Korean War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for smothering a hand grenade with his own body during the Inchon Landing on September 15, 1950.
Lopez was born on August 23, 1925, in Tampa, Florida, and grew up in the neighborhood of Ybor City. His father, also named Baldomero Lopez, had immigrated to the United States from the Asturias region of Spain as a young man. The younger Lopez attended Hillsborough High School, where he was an accomplished basketball player and a regimental commander in the school's Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program. He enlisted in the United States Navy on July 8, 1943, shortly after graduating from high school, and served until June 11 of the next year.
He was selected to attend the U.S. Naval Academy in the midst of World War II, and because of the ongoing war he and his classmates were placed in an accelerated three-year program. Upon graduating on June 6, 1947, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps. He attended The Basic School at Quantico, Virginia, after which he became a platoon commander in the Platoon Leaders Class Training Regiment.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
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Bill Foster (mayor)
Bill Foster is the mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida, Florida's fourth largest city with a population of approximately 250,000 residents. He was elected in 2009.
Mayor Foster's platform is the "Seven S's," which he defines as seamlessness, safety, sustainability, service, small business, schools, and sports, art and culture. Highlights of his first term include recruiting the city's first season of International Baseball to the city's Al Lang Stadium, with teams from Korea, Canada and the Netherlands competing during February and March, 2011. He also was an instrumental figure in opening a regional homeless facility operated by the Pinellas County Sheriff's Office, called Pinellas Safe Harbor. During this historic first term in office, St. Petersburg welcomed the new Chihuly Collection and a new $36 million Salvador Dali Museum, two new additions to a large concentration of arts organizations in St. Petersburg. For two consecutive years (2010 and 2011), St. Petersburg was ranked as the No. 1 Arts Destination among mid-sized cities by American Style magazine.
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Billy Graham
William Franklin "Billy" Graham, Jr. (born November 7, 1918) is an American evangelical Christian evangelist, ordained as a Southern Baptist minister, who rose to celebrity status with national media backing of William Randolph Hearst and Henry Luce in 1949. His sermons were broadcast on radio and television, with some still re-broadcast today.
Graham is notable for having been a spiritual adviser to several United States Presidents; he was particularly close to Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard M. Nixon. During the civil rights movement, he began to support integrated seating for his revivals and crusades; in 1957 he invited Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. to jointly preach at a huge revival in New York City, where they appeared together at Madison Square Garden, and bailed the minister out of jail in the 1960s when he was arrested in demonstrations.
Having built an evangelical empire and organized huge events worldwide, Graham has personally preached the Gospel to more people than any other person in history. His institutions include a variety of media and publishing outlets. According to his staff, more than 3.2 million people have responded to the invitation at Billy Graham Crusades to accept Jesus Christ as their personal Savior. As of 2008, Graham's estimated lifetime audience, including radio and television broadcasts, topped 2.2 billion.
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Bob Buckhorn
Bob Buckhorn (born July 29, 1958 in Evanston, Illinois) is the mayor of Tampa, Florida.
A 1980 graduate of Penn State University, Bob Buckhorn arrived in Tampa in 1982. After taking a marketing position with a national consumer product company, he became active in national and local politics, chairing the John Glenn for President campaign in Hillsborough County, Florida.
In 1985, he took on the position of Director of Governmental Affairs for the Builders Association of Greater Tampa, a trade association representing the construction industry in Hillsborough County, Florida. In this capacity, he led the effort to establish the Hillsborough County Housing Finance Agency, which has resulted in thousands of first time home buyers being given the opportunity to pursue the American dream of home ownership through the use of low interest financing.
In 1987, he coordinated the successful mayoral campaign of Mayor Sandy Freedman and assumed the role of Special Assistant to the Mayor upon her election. He served in this capacity until March 1995. During this time he was the recipient of the "Up and Comers" award by the Tampa Bay Business Journal and the accounting firm of Price Waterhouse. In addition, he was recognized as one of our state's emerging young leaders by his selection for the Leadership Florida program by the Florida Chamber of Commerce Foundation.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit and Pāli). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā), craving (taṇhā), and suffering (dukkha), by recognizing dependent origination and sunyata, and attain Nirvana.
Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tiantai (Tendai) and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. There are other categorisations of these three Vehicles or Yanas.
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Conquistador
Conquistadors ( /kɒn.ˈkiːstədɔrz/; Spanish and Portuguese: Conquistadores, Spanish: [koŋkistaˈðoɾes], Portuguese: [kõkiʃtaˈðoɾɨʃ]; "Conquerors") were soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Spanish or Portuguese Empires. They sailed beyond Europe, conquering territory and opening trade routes. They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries.
The name derived from the Reconquista (711–1492), the reconquest of the territory of the Iberian Peninsula that was controlled by Muslims (the state called Al-Andalus). In 1492 Castile expanded its exploratory activities, using Portuguese navigators.[citation needed] Portugal had previously established a marine route to Japan via the southern coast of Africa, with numerous coastal enclaves along the route. Following the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492, expeditions led by conquistadors brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain in the 16th century.
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Craig Lowe
Stuart Craig Lowe, better known as Craig Lowe, (born July 18, 1957) is an American politician and Mayor of Gainesville, Florida. After winning a runoff election on April 13, 2010, by a margin of 42 votes (which held through an automatic recount) Lowe became Mayor-elect of Gainesville. He was sworn in on May 20, 2010, becoming the first openly gay Mayor of the city.
He was first elected to the Gainesville City Commission to fill the newly-created District IV seat for a one-year term in April 2003 and served through his third consecutive term and second full (3-year) term until being sworn in as Mayor.
Mayor Lowe also serves as Chair of the Gainesville City Commission’s Equal Opportunity Committee, a member of the Regional Utilities, Community Development, and Countywide Visioning & Planning committees as well as the local Community Redevelopment Agency, the Gainesville/Alachua County Metropolitan Transportation Planning Organization and the Alachua County Library Governing Board.
Lowe was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. He received a B.S.A. degree in Soil Science from the University of Georgia. After moving to Gainesville in 1982 he received a master's degree in zoology from the University of Florida.
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Cubans
Cubans or Cuban people (Spanish: Cubanos) are the inhabitants or citizens of Cuba. Cuba is a multi-ethnic nation, home to people of different ethnic and national backgrounds. As a result, some Americans do not treat their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities comprising the "Cuban people." Nearly all Cubans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.
Despite its multi-ethnic composition, the culture held in common by most Cubans is referred to as mainstream Cuban culture, a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of Western European migrants, beginning with the early Spanish settlers, along with other Europeans arriving later such as the Portuguese and French with African culture which has also been very influential.
The population of Cuba (2010) was 11,241,161 people. The largest urban populations of Cubans in Cuba (2010) are to be found in Havana ( 2,135,498), Santiago de Cuba ( 425,851), Camagüey (305,845), Holguín (277,050), Guantanamo ( 207,857), and Santa Clara ( 205,812). According to Cuba's Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas ONE 2002 Census, the population was 11,177,743, including:
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English people
The English (from Old English: Englisc) are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, a Germanic people originally from Northern Germany who migrated to Britain.
Historically, the English population is descended from several genetically similar peoples—the earlier Britons (or Brythons), the Germanic tribes that settled in the area, including Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, who founded what was to become England (from the Old English Englaland), and the later Danes, Normans and other groups. Following the Act of Union in 1707, in which the Kingdom of England became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain, English customs and identity became closely aligned with British customs and identity.
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Frank Wildhorn
Frank Wildhorn (born November 29, 1958) is an American composer known for both his musicals and popular songs. He is most known for his musical Jekyll & Hyde, which ran four years on Broadway, and for writing the #1 International Hit song "Where Do Broken Hearts Go?" for Whitney Houston.
Wildhorn was born in Harlem and spent his childhood in Queens before moving to Hollywood, Florida at age 14. Though he was never interested in music growing up, he became interested at age 15 "when he started fiddling around on the family organ in between football practices." Soon after he taught himself how to play the piano, and Wildhorn realized he wanted to compose music. During high school, he played in and wrote for various bands, ranging from rock and roll to Rhythm and blues to jazz. He attended Miami-Dade College for two years before transferring to the University of Southern California, where he studied history and philosophy. He started writing Jekyll & Hyde with Steve Cuden, who was working at USC when Frank was a student.
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French people
The French (French: Français) are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups. Within France, the French are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence.
However, the word can also refer to people of French descent who are found in other countries, with significant French-speaking population groups or not, such as Argentina (French Argentines), Brazil (French Brazilians), French West Indies (the French Caribbean people), Canada (French Canadians) and the United States (French Americans), and some of them have a French cultural identity. The United Kingdom also has a large French population, mainly in England, and due to historic relations and immigration.
To be French, according to the first article of the Constitution, is to be a citizen of France, regardless of one's origin, race, or religion (sans distinction d'origine, de race ou de religion). According to its principles, France has devoted herself to the destiny of a proposition nation, a generic territory where people are bounded only by the French language and the assumed willingness to live together, as defined by Ernest Renan's "plébiscite de tous les jours" ("daily referendum" on the willingness to live together, in Renan's 1882 essay "Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?").
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Fulgencio Batista
Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (Spanish: [fulˈxensjo βaˈtista i salˈdiβar]; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was the United States-aligned Cuban President, dictator and military leader who served as the leader of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution.
Batista initially rose to power after being under "peer-Pressure" by long time mentor Nicholas C. Sumners, as part of the 1933 "Revolt of the Sergeants" that overthrew the authoritarian rule of Gerardo Machado. Batista then appointed himself chief of the armed forces with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member Presidency. He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, deemed progressive for its time, and served until 1944. After finishing his term he lived in the United States, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup that preempted the election.
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George Mercer Brooke
George Mercer Brooke (October 16, 1785 - March 9, 1851) was a major general in the U.S. Army.
As a colonel, Brooke was ordered in 1823 (along with James Gadsden) to establish a military presence on Tampa Bay in the newly-acquired Florida territory to contain the Seminole Indians and curtail illegal activities along the Gulf Coast. Brooke and four full companies of the U.S. 4th Infantry Regiment from Pensacola established 'Cantonment Brooke" at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, just about where today's Tampa Convention Center sits in Downtown Tampa, on 10 January 1824. The site was marked by a huge hickory tree set atop an ancient Indian mound most likely built by the Tocobaga culture centuries before. Brooke directed his troops to clear the area for the construction of a wooden log fort and support buildings. He ordered that several ancient live oak trees inside the encampment be spared to provide shade and cheer. In 1824, the post was officially rechristened Fort Brooke.
On June 10, 1846, he was appointed commander of the Western Division of the United States Army, taking over for General Edmund P. Gaines. Brooke was in charge of territory of the United States west of the Mississippi River. He was responsible for forwarding reinforcements and supplies to the field armies of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott in Mexico and operated out of headquarters in New Orleans.
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George R. Stewart
George Rippey Stewart (May 31, 1895 – August 22, 1980) was an American toponymist, a novelist, and a professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley. His 1959 book Pickett's Charge, a detailed history of the final attack at Gettysburg, was called "essential for an understanding of the Battle of Gettysburg".
Born in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, Stewart was the son of a railway engineer. He earned a bachelor's degree from Princeton University in 1917, an MA from the University of California, Berkeley, and his Ph.D. in English literature from Columbia University in 1922. He accepted a position in the English department at Berkeley in 1923.
Stewart was a founding member of the American Name Society in 1956-57, and he once served as an expert witness in a murder trial as a specialist in family names. His best-known academic work is Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States (1945; reprinted, New York Review Books, 2008). He wrote three other books on names: A Concise Dictionary of American Place-Names (1970), Names on the Globe (1975), and American Given Names (1979). His scholarly works on the poetic meter of ballads (published under the name George R. Stewart, Jr.), beginning with his 1922 Ph.D. dissertation at Columbia, remain important in their field.
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German people
The Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages. Legally, Germans are citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, about 66–75 million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Argentina, France, Russia, Chile, Poland, Australia and Romania who most likely are not native speakers of German. Thus, the total number of Germans worldwide lies between 66 and 160 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).
Today, peoples from countries with a German-speaking majority or significant German-speaking population groups other than Germany, such as Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg, have developed their own national identity and usually do not refer to themselves as "Germans" in a modern context.
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Henry B. Plant
Henry Bradley Plant (October 27, 1819 - June 23, 1899), was involved with many transportation projects, mostly railroads, in the U.S. state of Florida. Eventually he owned the Plant System of railroads which became part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. Plant City, located near Tampa, was named after him.
Henry Bradley Plant was founder of the Plant System of railroads and steamboats. He was born in Branford, Conn., the son of Betsey (Bradley) and Anderson Plant, a farmer in good circumstances. He was the descendant of John Plant who probably emigrated from England and settled at Hartford, Conn., about 1639. When the boy was six, his father died. Several years later his mother married again and took him to live first at Martinsburg, N.Y., and later at New Haven, Conn., where he attended a private school. His grandmother, who hoped to make a clergyman of him, offered him an education at Yale College, but, impatient to begin an active career, he got a job as captain's boy, deck hand, and man-of-all-work on a steamboat plying between New Haven and Hartford.
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Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto (c.1496/1497–1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who, while leading the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States, was the first European documented to have crossed the Mississippi River.
A vast undertaking, de Soto's North American expedition ranged throughout the southeastern United States searching for gold and a passage to China. De Soto died in 1542 on the banks of the Mississippi River in Arkansas or Louisiana.
Hernando de Soto was born to parents who were hidalgos of modest means in Extremadura, a region of poverty and hardship from which many young people looked for ways to seek their fortune elsewhere. Two towns—Badajoz and Barcarrota—claim to be his birthplace. He spent time as a child at each place, and he stipulated in his will that his body be interred at Jerez de los Caballeros, where other members of his family were interred. The age of the Conquerors came on the heels of the Spanish reconquest of the Iberian peninsula from Islamic forces. Spain and Portugal were filled with young men seeking a chance for military fame after the Moors were defeated. With discovery of new lands to the west (which they thought at the time to be East Asia), the poor young men were attracted to whispers of glory and wealth.
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Irish people
The Irish people (Irish: Muintir na hÉireann or na hÉireannaigh; Ulster-Scots: Airisch or Airish fowk) are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years (according to archaeological studies, see Prehistoric Ireland). The Irish people's earliest ancestors are recorded in legends – they are claimed to be descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha Dé Danann and the Milesians.Lebor Gabála Érenn, a book of Irish mythology tells that Tuatha Dé Dananns were Scythian descendants.
The main groups that interacted with the Irish in the Middle Ages include the Picts, Scots, and the Vikings. Due to this contact, Icelanders are noted for having some Irish descent. The Anglo-Norman invasion of the High Middle Ages, the English plantations and the subsequent English rule of the country introduced the Normans and Flemish into Ireland. Welsh, Picts, Bretons, and small parties of Gauls and even Anglo-Saxons are known in Ireland from much earlier times.
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Italian people
Italians (Italian: italiani) are an ethnic group native of Southern Europe that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula.
In 2012, in addition to the 60 million Italians in Italy and 3,000 in San Marino, Italian-speaking, autonomous groups are found in neighboring countries: about 500,000 in Switzerland, a large, but undefined population in France (Nice, Corsica), and smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria. If regarded as an ethnic group, they constitute one of the world's largest.
Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, about 4 and half million Italian citizens and over 70 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in South America, North America, Australia and parts of Europe.
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Italians
Italians (Italian: italiani) are an ethnic group native of Southern Europe that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula.
In 2012, in addition to the 60 million Italians in Italy and 3,000 in San Marino, Italian-speaking, autonomous groups are found in neighboring countries: about 500,000 in Switzerland, a large, but undefined population in France (Nice, Corsica), and smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria. If regarded as an ethnic group, they constitute one of the world's largest.
Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, about 4 and half million Italian citizens and over 70 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in South America, North America, Australia and parts of Europe.
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James Gadsden
James Gadsden (May 15, 1788 – December 26, 1858) was an American diplomat, soldier and businessman and namesake of the Gadsden Purchase, in which the United States purchased from Mexico the land that became the southern portion of Arizona and New Mexico. James Gadsden served as Adjutant General of the U. S. Army from August 13, 1821-March 22, 1822, and held the rank of colonel in the US Army. He was commonly known as General Gadsden but was only a two star general.
Little is known about the life of Gadsden, especially his early life. It is known that he was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1788, and that he was the grandson of the American Revolutionary War hero Christopher Gadsden. It is also known that Gadsden earned his bachelor's degree from Yale University in Connecticut, completing this degree in 1806.
Soon after his graduation, Gadsden entered the U.S. Army. He served as a commissioned officer under the command of General Andrew Jackson, who was to be elected the President in 1828. Gadsden served under Gen. Jackson both during the War of 1812 against the British Army, and against the American Indians in the newly purchased (1819) Territory of Florida during the early 1820s. While Gadsden was serving in the Army in Florida, Gadsden established the army strongpoint of Fort Gadsden somewhere in the Panhandle of Florida, and he helped to establish Fort Brooke with George Mercer Brooke at the site of the present-day city of Tampa, Florida.
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John Marks (mayor)
John R. Marks, III is the Mayor of the City of Tallahassee, Florida. He is Tallahassee's fifth African-American mayor but the first to be elected, and won his bid for a third term in the 2010 elections. He received his B.S. degree in 1969 from the Florida State University School of Business and his Juris Doctorate in 1972 from the Florida State University College of Law. The Mayor faces a series of allegations for questionable dealings involving city contracts. According to the Tallahassee Democrat, the Federal Bureau of Investigation is looking into the matter.
Marks served eight years on the Florida Public Service Commission (FPSC) and spent the last two as its Chairman, after being appointed in 1979 by Governor Bob Graham. He served on the FPSC during the divestiture of AT&T and was instrumental in the implementation of the Federal Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). Before being appointed, he served as an Administrative Law Judge on the Commission. He is a partner in the Tallahassee -based Marks & Marks law firm. He has been an adjunct professor at FSU's College of Law, teaching utility regulatory law and a faculty member of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners' utility rate school. Member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity.
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Jon Gruden
Jon David Gruden (born August 17, 1963) is the former head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for seven seasons and prior to that the Oakland Raiders for four seasons. In his first year as the head coach of Tampa Bay, the Buccaneers won Super Bowl XXXVII, defeating the Raiders whom he had left at the end of the preceding season. At the time, Gruden was the youngest head coach ever to win a Super Bowl. Gruden currently serves as a color commentator on ESPN Monday Night Football.
Gruden attended Clay High School in South Bend, Indiana, where his father Jim Gruden served as an assistant to Dan Devine at the University of Notre Dame. Feeling he would not have a chance to play for the Fighting Irish, Jon Gruden chose not to attend Notre Dame, where he would have received free tuition as a coach's child. Instead, he attended Muskingum College in New Concord, Ohio. After just one year he transferred to the University of Dayton and was the back-up quarterback to Phil Nussman under coach Mike Kelly from 1982 until 1984.
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Kefauver
Carey Estes Kefauver ( /ˈɛstɨs ˈkiːfɔːvər/; July 26, 1903 – August 10, 1963) was an American politician from Tennessee. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1939 to 1949 and in the Senate from 1949 to his death in 1963.
After leading a much-publicized investigation into organized crime in the early 1950s, he twice sought his party's nomination for President of the United States. In 1956, he was selected by the Democratic National Convention to be the running mate of presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson. Still holding his U.S. Senate seat after the Stevenson-Kefauver ticket lost to the Eisenhower-Nixon ticket in 1956, Kefauver was named chair of the U.S. Senate Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee in 1957 and served as its chairman until his death.
Kefauver was born in Madisonville, Tennessee, to Robert Cooke Kefauver and Phredonia Bradford Estes. Robert Kefauver was a hardware manager. Estes attended the University of Tennessee from 1922 to 1924, receiving a bachelor of arts degree and being initiated into the Lambda Chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. After a year of teaching mathematics and coaching football at a Hot Springs, Arkansas, high school, he attended Yale University, from which he received an LL.B. cum laude in 1927. For the next dozen years Kefauver practiced law in Chattanooga, first with the firm of Cooke, Swaney & Cooke, as a partner in Sizer, Chambliss & Kefauver, and later in the firm of Duggan, McDonald, & Kefauver. In 1935 he married Nancy Pigott of Glasgow, Scotland, eight years his junior, whom he had met during her visit to relatives in Chattanooga. They raised four children, one of them adopted. Mrs. Kefauver died in 1967.
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Lori Cohen Moseley
Lori Cohen Moseley is the current mayor of the city of Miramar, located in southwest Broward County, Florida. She is also a member of the Democratic party. The next election for Miramar mayor will take place March 2011.
Experience: Mayor City of Miramar 1999–PRESENT Commissioner City of Miramar 1995–1999 Public Service US Conference of Mayors Nations League of Cities Florida League of Mayors Broward League of Cities-Past President Charter Review Committee-Charperson Metropolitan Planning Organization School Board Oversight Committee Broward County Housing Council Miramar Census Committee-Chairperson Mayor's Police Athletic League Ball-Chairperson Miramar/Pembroke Pines Chamber of Commerce Formed the City of Miramar Youth Advisory Council Chamber of Commerce Lifetime Achievement and Community Leader Pinnance Award American Business Women's Local Government Leader of the Year Award Friends of ASPIRA Award Miramar High School Football Boosters Appreciation Award Women's Political Caucus Gwen Cherry Chapter Women of Distinction Award Silver Lakes Homeowners Association Silver Lining Award
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Mayor of Tampa
This is a list of mayors of Tampa, Florida.
(Z): Following the lapse of the city charter on October 1869, Hillsborough County took over responsibility for providing principal services. However, Tampa needed some form of municipal government to monitor the services being provided by the county and the state. As a result, a municipal election was held on July 6, 1870 in which Henderson was elected mayor.
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Native Alaskan
Alaska Natives are indigenous peoples of Alaska: Inupiaq, Yupik, Aleut, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and a number of Northern Athabaskan cultures.
Ancestors of the Alaska Natives are known to have migrated into the area thousands of years ago, and established varying indigenous, complex cultures that have succeeded each other over time. That developed sophisticated ways to deal with the challenging climate and environment. Europeans and Americans began to trade with Alaska Natives in the nineteenth century. New settlements around trading posts were started by Russians, British and Americans.
In the 1800s and In 1971 Congress passed the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, which settled land and financial claims for lands and resources which they had lost to European Americans. It provided for the establishment of 13 Alaska Native Regional Corporations to administer those claims. Similar to the separately defined status of the Canadian Inuit and First Nations, which are recognized as distinct peoples, Alaska Natives are in some respects treated separately from Native Americans in the United States. An example of this separate treatment is that Alaska Natives are allowed the harvesting of whales and other marine mammals under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.
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Native Hawaiian
Native Hawaiians (in Hawaiian, kānaka ʻōiwi, kānaka maoli or Hawaiʻi maoli) refers to the indigenous Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands or their descendants. Native Hawaiians trace their ancestry back to the original Polynesian settlers of Hawaii.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau report for 2000, there are 401,162 people who identified themselves as being "native Hawaiian" alone or in any combination. 140,652 people identified themselves as being "native Hawaiian" alone. The majority of native Hawaiians reside in State of Hawaiʻi, California, Nevada and Washington. Two-thirds live in the State of Hawaiʻi while the other one-third is scattered among other states with a high concentration in California.
The history of native Hawaiians, and of Hawaiʻi in general, is classified into four major periods: antiquity (Ancient Hawaiʻi), monarchy (Kingdom of Hawaiʻi), territorial (Territory of Hawaiʻi), and statehood (State of Hawaiʻi).
The early settlement history of Hawaiʻi is still not completely resolved. Some believe that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaiʻi in the 3rd century from the Marquesas and were followed by Tahitian settlers in AD 1300 who conquered the original inhabitants. Others believe that there was only a single, extended period of settlement. Patrick Kirch, in his 2001 Hawaiki, argues for an extended period of contact but not necessarily for a Tahitian invasion:
wn.com/Native_Hawaiian -
Non-Hispanic Whites
Non-Hispanic Whites or White, Not Hispanic or Latino are people in the United States, as defined by the Census Bureau, who are of the White race and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity. Hence the designation is exclusive in the sense that it defines who is not included as opposed to who is. Non-Hispanic Whites are a subset of White Americans, the other being White Hispanic and Latino Americans.
The vast majority of Non-Hispanic Whites trace their origins to Europe. A small number have origin in North Africa or the Middle East. In the U.S., this population was first derived from British and French colonization, as well as settlement by other Europeans, such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century (see History of the United States). Continued growth since the early 1800s is attributed to massive immigration from European countries, mainly Germany, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Poland, Russia, among other nations. At an estimated 199.3 million in 2009, Non-Hispanic Whites compose a solid majority of the United States population.
wn.com/Non-Hispanic_Whites -
Pam Iorio
Pam Iorio (born April 27, 1959 in Waterville, Maine) is an American politician and author, who served as mayor of Tampa, Florida from 2003 to 2011.
Her first book, Straightforward, is expected to be released in November 2011.[dated info] In the book she draws from her own experiences and shares the skills and characteristics needed to become an effective leader.
On April 1, 2003, she was sworn in as Mayor of Tampa, becoming the second woman to hold the office. Her first term dealt largely with re-energizing the downtown area, as well as the economic revitalization of Tampa’s most neglected neighborhoods. Iorio was also a big supporter of the arts, working to make Tampa a major arts center in the South. Iorio has also been credited with a sharp drop in drug trafficking in the city limits and a significant drop in major crimes. In her second term, Iorio advocated for improved mass transit, favoring a multi-modal plan which included a light rail system.
In 1985, at the age of 26, she became the youngest person ever elected to the Hillsborough County Commission. For a decade before her successful run for mayor, she served as Supervisor of Elections for Hillsborough County. During the 2000 presidential election recount, she was the president of the State Association of County Elections Supervisors propelling her into the role of spokesperson.
wn.com/Pam_Iorio -
Rick Scott
Richard Lynn "Rick" Scott (born December 1, 1952) is a businessman and the 45th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Florida. He served in the U.S. Navy and then went into business. He earned a business degree and law degree and joined a Dallas firm where he became partner. His net worth was almost $219 million USD in 2010, but by 2011 was estimated at $103 million. He spent an estimated $75 million of his own money on his successful 2010 run for Governor of Florida.
In 1987, at age 34, he co-founded Columbia Hospital Corporation with two business partners; this merged with Hospital Corporation of America in 1989 to form Columbia/HCA and eventually became the largest private for-profit health care company in the U.S. He resigned as Chief Executive of Columbia/HCA in 1997 amid a controversy over the company's business and Medicare billing practices; the company ultimately admitted to fourteen felonies and agreed to pay the federal government over $600 million; Scott was not implicated. Scott later became a venture capitalist.
wn.com/Rick_Scott -
Seminole
The Seminole are a Native American people originally of Florida, who now reside primarily there and in Oklahoma. The Seminole nation emerged in a process of ethnogenesis out of groups of Native Americans, most significantly Creek from what is now Georgia and Alabama, who settled in Florida in the early 18th century. The word Seminole is a corruption of cimarrón, a Spanish term for "runaway" or "wild one", historically used for certain Native American groups in Florida. The Seminole are closely related to the Miccosukee, who were recognized as a separate tribe in 1962.
After an initial period of colonization in Florida, during which they distanced themselves increasingly from other Creek groups, the Seminole established a thriving trade network during the British and second Spanish periods (roughly 1767–1821). The tribe expanded considerably during this time, and was further supplemented from the late 18th century with the appearance of the Black Seminoles – free blacks and escaped slaves who settled in communities near Seminole towns, where they paid tribute to the Native Americans in exchange for protection. However, tensions grew between the Seminole and the United States to the north, leading to a series of conflicts known as the Seminole Wars (1818–1858). Over the course of the wars most Seminoles were forced to relocate west of the Mississippi River in a process of Indian removal. Perhaps fewer than 200 Seminoles remained in Florida, but those who did fostered a resurgence in traditional customs and a culture of staunch independence.
wn.com/Seminole -
Spanish people
The term Spanish people (or Spaniards) has two distinct meanings: Traditionally, it applies to people native to any part of Spain. More recently, it has also come to have a legal meaning, referring to people who hold Spanish citizenship.
Within Spain there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history. The official language of Spain is Spanish (also known as Castilian), a standard language based on the mediaeval dialect of the Castilians of north-central Spain. There are several commonly spoken regional languages. With the exception of Basque, the languages native to Spain are Romance languages.
There are substantial populations outside Spain with ancestors who emigrated from Spain; most notably in Latin America.
The earliest modern humans inhabiting Spain are believed to have been Neolithic peoples who may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35,000–40,000 years ago. In more recent times the Iberians are believed to have arrived or developed in the region between the 4th millennium BC and the 3rd millennium BC, initially settling along the Mediterranean coast. Celts settled in Spain during the Iron Age. Some of those tribes in North-central Spain, which had cultural contact with the Iberians, are called Celtiberians. In addition, a group known as the Tartessians and later Turdetanians inhabited southwestern Spain and who are believed to have developed a separate civilization of Phoenician influence. The seafaring Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians successively founded trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast over a period of several centuries. The Second Punic War between the Carthaginians and Romans was fought mainly in what is now Spain and Portugal.
wn.com/Spanish_people -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the city, state, and federal levels. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. Roosevelt was 42 years old when sworn in as President of the United States in 1901, making him the youngest president ever; he beat out the youngest elected president, John F. Kennedy, by only one year. Roosevelt was also one of only three sitting presidents to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, the other two being Woodrow Wilson and Barack Obama.
wn.com/Theodore_Roosevelt -
Tony Dungy
Anthony Kevin "Tony" Dungy (pronounced /ˈdʌndʒi/ DUN-jee; born October 6, 1955) is a former professional American football player and coach in the National Football League. Dungy was head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1996 to 2001, and head coach of the Indianapolis Colts from 2002 to 2008.
Dungy became the first African American head coach to win the Super Bowl when his Colts defeated the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI. Dungy set a new NFL record for consecutive playoff appearances by a head coach In 2008 after securing his tenth straight playoff appearance with a win against the Jacksonville Jaguars.
After the 2008 season, Dungy announced his retirement as coach of the Indianapolis Colts, which went into effect after the 2008–2009 season. Since retirement, Dungy has served as an analyst on NBC's Football Night in America. Tony Dungy is also the national spokesman for the fatherhood program All Pro Dad. The Colts qualified for the playoffs in every season they were coached by Dungy.
wn.com/Tony_Dungy -
Wright Brothers
The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two Americans credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In the two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.
The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of three-axis control, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This method became standard and remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving "the flying problem". This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines. Using a small homebuilt wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design and build wings and propellers that were more efficient than any before. Their first U.S. patent, 821,393, did not claim invention of a flying machine, but rather, the invention of a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying machine's surfaces.
wn.com/Wright_Brothers
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Tampa, Fl
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:48
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Tampa, Fl December 2007
http://wn.com/Tampa,_Fl
Tampa, Fl December 2007
Sheikra busch gardens Tampa,FL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
This is the sheikra roller coaster at busch gardens. this is the floorless version
http://wn.com/Sheikra_busch_gardens_Tampa,FL
This is the sheikra roller coaster at busch gardens. this is the floorless version
- published: 02 Apr 2008
- views: 1820309
- author: iDriftxz
Vacation Naked: Tampa, Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:00
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Our host takes you where cameras are not allowed. Come with us while we explore the World's Most Luxurious Clothing-Optional Resorts! We talk with the people who vacation naked and give you an inside view of the places people choose to get an all over tan. This Episode takes you to Tampa, Florida. We want to hear from you, leave a comment or video response! Host: Dayle Hoffmann info@vacationnaked.com
http://wn.com/Vacation_Naked_Tampa,_Florida
Our host takes you where cameras are not allowed. Come with us while we explore the World's Most Luxurious Clothing-Optional Resorts! We talk with the people who vacation naked and give you an inside view of the places people choose to get an all over tan. This Episode takes you to Tampa, Florida. We want to hear from you, leave a comment or video response! Host: Dayle Hoffmann info@vacationnaked.com
- published: 10 Jun 2011
- views: 1199697
- author: VacationNaked
Make Tampa Bay Your Florida Vacation Destination!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Check out this quick little video of all that Tampa Bay has to offer!
http://wn.com/Make_Tampa_Bay_Your_Florida_Vacation_Destination!
Check out this quick little video of all that Tampa Bay has to offer!
- published: 02 Dec 2009
- views: 12227
- author: visittampabay
Tropical Storm Debby Tampa Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:33
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
This is a video I made on June 24, 2012 from 4:00 PM through 8:00 PM of tropical storm Debby slamming the Tampa and St. Petersburg area in Florida. Floods and Winds take the Tampa Bay Area to it's knees. And it's not done yet??? Tropical Storm Debby has stalled and more rain and wind is on it's way.
http://wn.com/Tropical_Storm_Debby_Tampa_Florida
This is a video I made on June 24, 2012 from 4:00 PM through 8:00 PM of tropical storm Debby slamming the Tampa and St. Petersburg area in Florida. Floods and Winds take the Tampa Bay Area to it's knees. And it's not done yet??? Tropical Storm Debby has stalled and more rain and wind is on it's way.
- published: 25 Jun 2012
- views: 55011
- author: Millenniumforce
Tampa Florida USA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
To see more : jeanphilippe.lachot.perso.sfr.fr Pictures from Tampa (downtown) Florida USA. June 2005. If you want to see more pictures about Florida and other destinations, please click here jeanphilippe.lachot.perso.sfr.fr
http://wn.com/Tampa_Florida_USA
To see more : jeanphilippe.lachot.perso.sfr.fr Pictures from Tampa (downtown) Florida USA. June 2005. If you want to see more pictures about Florida and other destinations, please click here jeanphilippe.lachot.perso.sfr.fr
- published: 31 Jan 2008
- views: 55356
- author: fr17877
Tampa Florida Man Dances in the middle of the street Michael McKinney 1-12-2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Michael McKinney is often seen dancing in the middle of Florida Ave. on the median. He is not your average pan handler as he does not beg for money. He DANCES for it instead! I have driven past him at one time and hours later driven back by and there he was STILL DANCING!
http://wn.com/Tampa_Florida_Man_Dances_in_the_middle_of_the_street_Michael_McKinney_1-12-2011
Michael McKinney is often seen dancing in the middle of Florida Ave. on the median. He is not your average pan handler as he does not beg for money. He DANCES for it instead! I have driven past him at one time and hours later driven back by and there he was STILL DANCING!
- published: 18 Jan 2011
- views: 8506
- author: tampabayhomeless
History in Tampa, Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Tampa's history is vibrant and culturally diverse. The cigar industry stemming from Ybor City, Tampa's Cuban neighborhood, is just one of the many historic neighborhoods that still exists today. We'll also visit Historic Central Avenue, a historically African-American business and entertainment district. Many famous African Americans got started here, including Ray Charles.
http://wn.com/History_in_Tampa,_Florida
Tampa's history is vibrant and culturally diverse. The cigar industry stemming from Ybor City, Tampa's Cuban neighborhood, is just one of the many historic neighborhoods that still exists today. We'll also visit Historic Central Avenue, a historically African-American business and entertainment district. Many famous African Americans got started here, including Ray Charles.
- published: 04 Aug 2009
- views: 4985
- author: visitflorida
TROPICAL STORM DEBBY - TAMPA FLORIDA - BAYSHORE AVE / DAVIS ISLAND / SOUTH TAMPA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:27
- Updated: 25 Jun 2012
Live weather footage from Bayshore Ave and Davis Island ! Shot and edited by photojournalist Robert L Beukema www.ROBERTLBEUKEMA.com
http://wn.com/TROPICAL_STORM_DEBBY_TAMPA_FLORIDA_BAYSHORE_AVE_DAVIS_ISLAND_SOUTH_TAMPA
Live weather footage from Bayshore Ave and Davis Island ! Shot and edited by photojournalist Robert L Beukema www.ROBERTLBEUKEMA.com
- published: 25 Jun 2012
- views: 47828
- author: Robert Beukema
crazy car crash OMG tampa fl
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
2hondas line up to race n didnt care for traffic n 1 of them gets rear ended by a nissan suv at 70 or 75 mph no1 was killed or hurt they all walk away thnk god NO MORE RICERS PLS
http://wn.com/crazy_car_crash_OMG_tampa_fl
2hondas line up to race n didnt care for traffic n 1 of them gets rear ended by a nissan suv at 70 or 75 mph no1 was killed or hurt they all walk away thnk god NO MORE RICERS PLS
- published: 06 Feb 2012
- views: 286800
- author: MrJonboi99
Tampa Florida Drive Thru Downtown Roof Cam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
This is a video I made of driving thru downtown Tampa Florida with my camera outside above my car viewing the streets and all the buildings. My new roof cam.
http://wn.com/Tampa_Florida_Drive_Thru_Downtown_Roof_Cam
This is a video I made of driving thru downtown Tampa Florida with my camera outside above my car viewing the streets and all the buildings. My new roof cam.
- published: 24 Feb 2012
- views: 2956
- author: Millenniumforce
NATO Special Op Forces Assault Tampa, Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:23
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
From: www.youtube.com Please click Like on my FaceBook page here: www.facebook.com Subscribe to www.youtube.com June 08, 2012 - Special Forces from 96 countries focused on "Building the Global SOF Partnership" at a conference in Tampa, Florida. The multinational cooperation of NATO Special Operations Forces serves as a good example for such a global Special Forces network.FAIR USE NOTICE: This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. This constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 USC section 106A-117 of the US Copyright Law.
http://wn.com/NATO_Special_Op_Forces_Assault_Tampa,_Florida
From: www.youtube.com Please click Like on my FaceBook page here: www.facebook.com Subscribe to www.youtube.com June 08, 2012 - Special Forces from 96 countries focused on "Building the Global SOF Partnership" at a conference in Tampa, Florida. The multinational cooperation of NATO Special Operations Forces serves as a good example for such a global Special Forces network.FAIR USE NOTICE: This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. This constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 USC section 106A-117 of the US Copyright Law.
- published: 08 Jun 2012
- views: 44071
- author: PigMine3
Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Shot in and around the Tampa Bay area, including The Pier, Fort Desoto Park and Bay Shore Drive.
http://wn.com/Tampa-St_Petersburg,_Florida
Shot in and around the Tampa Bay area, including The Pier, Fort Desoto Park and Bay Shore Drive.
- published: 28 May 2008
- views: 10026
- author: hoosiertim
Special Ops Demonstration DownTown Tampa Florida Convention Center FULL VIDEO 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:45
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
US Special Operations Command is hosting a week-long International Special Operations Forces (SOF) conference beginning May 22. A highlight of the conference will be a demonstration of SOF capabilities, featuring operators from a dozen countries "assaulting" mock enemy positions and rescuing "hostages" next to the convention center, both on land and in the bay. Spectators are invited to watch the half-hour demonstration of assault and rescue by land, air and water. Special op demonstration went down in tampa today in 2012 when 10 different countries in AC 130s black op helicopters all typoes of planes parachuting in all sorts of stuff & the full video can be seen here!
http://wn.com/Special_Ops_Demonstration_DownTown_Tampa_Florida_Convention_Center_FULL_VIDEO_2012
US Special Operations Command is hosting a week-long International Special Operations Forces (SOF) conference beginning May 22. A highlight of the conference will be a demonstration of SOF capabilities, featuring operators from a dozen countries "assaulting" mock enemy positions and rescuing "hostages" next to the convention center, both on land and in the bay. Spectators are invited to watch the half-hour demonstration of assault and rescue by land, air and water. Special op demonstration went down in tampa today in 2012 when 10 different countries in AC 130s black op helicopters all typoes of planes parachuting in all sorts of stuff & the full video can be seen here!
- published: 23 May 2012
- views: 5339
- author: ppjt141287
Busch Gardens Tampa Complete Walk-Through and Tour HD Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:51
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Here's a video tour of Busch Gardens Tampa. In this video I do a complete walk-through of this park. Filmed on April 25th, 2012. 4/25/2012
http://wn.com/Busch_Gardens_Tampa_Complete_Walk-Through_and_Tour_HD_Florida
Here's a video tour of Busch Gardens Tampa. In this video I do a complete walk-through of this park. Filmed on April 25th, 2012. 4/25/2012
- published: 26 Apr 2012
- views: 40372
- author: PopSong1
Clear Water Beach at Tampa, Florida ( RUS)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
www.clearwaterbeach.com
http://wn.com/Clear_Water_Beach_at_Tampa,_Florida_RUS
www.clearwaterbeach.com
- published: 10 May 2011
- views: 29883
- author: wikky3000
"American Skin (41 Shots)" Live in Tampa, FL 03/23/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/American_Skin_41_Shots_Live_in_Tampa,_FL_03_23_12
- published: 27 Mar 2012
- views: 223306
- author: BruceSpringsteen
Video of Tampa Florida / Tampa Foreclosures
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
Video of Tampa and Tampa Home Tour by All USA Realty www.tampafloridaforeclosures.com 877-869-5967 pat@allusarealty.com visit us on the web at http Let us help you find your Tampa Dream Home. Tampa Foreclosures are available
http://wn.com/Video_of_Tampa_Florida_Tampa_Foreclosures
Video of Tampa and Tampa Home Tour by All USA Realty www.tampafloridaforeclosures.com 877-869-5967 pat@allusarealty.com visit us on the web at http Let us help you find your Tampa Dream Home. Tampa Foreclosures are available
- published: 11 May 2010
- views: 2645
- author: Pat Odor
Alexi Murdoch "Breathe" Vinyl Fever-Tampa, FL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
I filmed Alexi's small record store session at Vinyl Fever in Tampa on June 21st. This is a better compressed copy of the first video I put up for the song "Breathe". I will be putting all the songs he played up in the next few days.
http://wn.com/Alexi_Murdoch_Breathe_Vinyl_Fever-Tampa,_FL
I filmed Alexi's small record store session at Vinyl Fever in Tampa on June 21st. This is a better compressed copy of the first video I put up for the song "Breathe". I will be putting all the songs he played up in the next few days.
- published: 18 Jul 2006
- views: 172885
- author: ndewitt615
John Mayer - Edge Of Desire HD - Tampa, FL 2/5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/John_Mayer_Edge_Of_Desire_HD_Tampa,_FL_2_5
- published: 08 Feb 2010
- views: 78235
- author: thatsjusthewayweroll
Matt Dillahunty in Tampa, FL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 99:37
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Matt Dillahunty speaks to members of CFI Tampa - October 16, 2010
http://wn.com/Matt_Dillahunty_in_Tampa,_FL
Matt Dillahunty speaks to members of CFI Tampa - October 16, 2010
- published: 19 May 2011
- views: 19401
- author: Jeffrey Handy
Jowell y Randy Guayoteo Concert Tampa Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Jowell y Randy in Concert @ The Hawaiian Village in Tampa, Florida!! Concert Brought to you by Dark Hour Entertainment (Darkhourentertainment.com) Video was Filmed & Edited by Bang Bang Productions!! @bangbangprolive facebook.com/bangbangproductions05 Guayoteo Produced by DJ BLASS Video is for PROMO USE ONLY!!
http://wn.com/Jowell_y_Randy_Guayoteo_Concert_Tampa_Florida
Jowell y Randy in Concert @ The Hawaiian Village in Tampa, Florida!! Concert Brought to you by Dark Hour Entertainment (Darkhourentertainment.com) Video was Filmed & Edited by Bang Bang Productions!! @bangbangprolive facebook.com/bangbangproductions05 Guayoteo Produced by DJ BLASS Video is for PROMO USE ONLY!!
- published: 27 May 2012
- views: 67333
- author: bangbangprostudios
One Direction Backstage Interview in Tampa, FL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:26
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Katie Sommers of 93.3 FLZ got the opportunity to interview One Direction backstage before their Tampa, FL concert. Check out what the guys had to say and watch them play a game of "Green Light Go, Red Light Woah!"
http://wn.com/One_Direction_Backstage_Interview_in_Tampa,_FL
Katie Sommers of 93.3 FLZ got the opportunity to interview One Direction backstage before their Tampa, FL concert. Check out what the guys had to say and watch them play a game of "Green Light Go, Red Light Woah!"
- published: 02 Jul 2012
- views: 350219
- author: 933flztampabay
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
06 Dec 2012
NEW BATAAN, Philippines - A powerful typhoon that washed away emergency shelters, a military camp and possibly entire families in the southern Philippines has killed almost 350 people with nearly 400 missing, authorities said Thursday. More bodies were retrieved from hardest-hit Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental provinces and six others impacted by Tuesday's storm, the Office of Civil Defense reported ... "It was horrible ... --- ... Location....(size: 8.0Kb)
photo: AP / Photo
06 Dec 2012
Lionel Messi missed out on a chance to match Gerd Mueller's record of 85 goals in a calendar year as he was injured during Barcelona's draw with Benfica. Messi, who hurt his left knee in a collision with Benfica keeper Artur, was taken off 30 minutes after coming on as a second-half substitute. Benfica knew a win would see them finish second behind Barca in Group G ... FC Barcelona's official Twitter account tweeted after the Benfica game....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: US Navy / Matthew Stroup
05 Dec 2012
ISAF today issued an operational update on combat operations in Afghanistan. It noted, among other things, that Afghan and coalition security forces conducted an operation in Watahpur district yesterday that resulted in the “death of insurgent leader Mohammad Yar Gul.” ... Mohammed Yar Gul coordinated the movement of insurgent fighters throughout Kunar province ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Hassan Ammar
06 Dec 2012
The Egyptian army has deployed tanks and armoured troop carriers outside the presidential palace in Cairo after clashes between supporters and opponents of President Mohammed Morsi left five dead and hundreds injured. But, despite their presence, there are reports of a fresh outbreak of stone-throwing between the two sides. Egypt is seeing growing unrest over a controversial draft constitution ... 'Loud and clear' ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
Tampabay.com
08 Dec 2012
Tampa Bay Times ... TAMPA — A motorcyclist and a scooter rider were seriously injured in separate accidents Friday afternoon. The Florida Highway Patrol reported that Randall E ... Zitch was flown to Tampa General Hospital in serious condition ... in the 4500 block of West Hillsborough Avenue, according to Tampa Fire Rescue ... Tampa ....(size: 1.8Kb)
Tampabay.com
08 Dec 2012
Tampabay.com
08 Dec 2012
It is fair to say Tampa is a town lacking in identity, at least in the eyes of outsiders ... But sometimes I think the world sees Tampa as. That city in Florida's middle to the left, without Orlando mouse ears or Miami cosmopolitan culture to make it memorable; flat, soulless and dull ... Tampa attorney Steve Anderson knows his city's identity crisis ... Tampa News ....(size: 4.1Kb)
The Miami Herald
08 Dec 2012
A Tampa judge has told jurors in the murder trial of a woman accused of killing a Florida lottery winner that the proceedings will continue through next week ... Two Pakistani-born brothers charged in an alleged terrorism conspiracy were in South Florida federal court Friday for arraignment and a bail hearing....(size: 1.5Kb)
Tampabay.com
08 Dec 2012
TAMPA — The prosecution rested its case Friday against Dorice "DeeDee" Moore, charged with first-degree murder in the death of Lakeland lottery winner Abraham Shakespeare ... and burying him in Plant City after taking over his Lakeland mansion and the remains of his 2006 Florida Lotto jackpot ... Tampa ....(size: 1.6Kb)
Tampabay.com
08 Dec 2012
Tampa Bay Times In Print ... TAMPA — A Wiregrass Ranch High School teacher was arrested early Friday morning when, deputies say, he was driving under the influence and carrying marijuana ... Plein "had a sway about his stance," the report states, and he registered 0.185 on a Breathalyzer test, more than twice the threshold at which Florida law ......(size: 1.9Kb)
The Miami Herald
08 Dec 2012
The Coast Guard on Friday airlifted to Florida 35 endangered sea turtles that got caught up in cold water off Cape Cod, Mass., and suffered hypothermia ... The remaining 15 Loggerheads were being distributed among Mote, Tampa's Florida Aquarium, Volusia's Marine Science Center and the Loggerhead Marinelife Center in Juno Beach for care that could take months....(size: 3.0Kb)
Tampabay.com
08 Dec 2012
Tampa Bay Times In Print ... Thursday, Linda Smith, 42, a food and nutrition services assistant at Crews Lake Elementary School, pulled out of the 7-Eleven at the corner of State Road 52 and Hicks Road, according to a Florida Highway Patrol report ... She failed field sobriety tests and came up with a 0.08 blood-alcohol content, the level at which Florida ......(size: 2.3Kb)
The Florida Times Union
08 Dec 2012
Nick loves a tall glass of milk with cookies won the Florida Dairy Farmers holiday art contest ... ■ Hayley Hawkinberry, 17, has a philanthropic year ahead of her as the new Miss Teen Florida’s Hometown USA ... The Jacksonville Beach native recently moved to the Tampa Bay area to pursue a modeling career ... You can fax them to (904) 359-4478 or mail them to The Florida Times-Union, P.O....(size: 3.1Kb)
MSNBC
08 Dec 2012
Tampa Bay Online
08 Dec 2012
The Florida Highway Patrol today released the name of a pedestrian who was killed Thursday morning after he was struck by a car....(size: 0.8Kb)
Star Tribune
08 Dec 2012
The Golden Bears defeated BYU-Hawaii 20-25, 25-11, 25-19, 25-14 in Pensacola, Florida on Friday evening in the national semifinals. Concordia will take on the winner of Friday’s second semifinal, between the University of Indianapolis and the University of Tampa, on Saturday night for the ......(size: 1.5Kb)
Tampa Bay Online
08 Dec 2012
TAMPA --. The University of South Florida hired Willie Taggart, the former Bradenton Manatee quarterback who has guided Western Kentucky University to its first bowl game in school history, as its head football coach on Friday, according to ESPN. Taggart, 36, is expected to be formally introduced this weekend at USF ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
"Tampa" redirects here. For other uses, see Tampa (disambiguation).
| Tampa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): Cigar City, The Big Guava | |||
 |
|||
 Tampa
|
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| Coordinates: 27°56′50″N 82°27′31″W / 27.94722°N 82.45861°W / 27.94722; -82.45861 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Florida | ||
| County | Hillsborough | ||
| Settled | 1823 | ||
| Incorporated (Village) | January 18, 1849 | ||
| Incorporated (Town) | September 10, 1853 and August 11, 1873 |
||
| Incorporated (City) | December 15, 1855 * and July 15, 1887 |
||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor-council | ||
| • Mayor | Bob Buckhorn (D) | ||
| • City attorney | Jim Shimberg[1] | ||
| • Legislative | City Council | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 170.6 sq mi (441.9 km2) | ||
| • Land | 112.1 sq mi (290.3 km2) | ||
| • Water | 58.5 sq mi (151.6 km2) 34.3% | ||
| • Urban | 802.3 sq mi (2,078 km2) | ||
| • Metro | 2,554 sq mi (6,610 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 48 ft (14.6 m) | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • City | 335,709 | ||
| • Rank | 55th in the US | ||
| • Density | 2,969.6/sq mi (1,146.7/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 2.7 million (19th) | ||
| • Metro | 4 million | ||
| Demonym | Tampanian | ||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| ZIP Codes | 33601-33626, 33629-33631, 33633-33635, 33637, 33647, 33650-33651, 33655, 33660-33664, 33672-33675, 33677, 33679-33682, 33684-33690, 33694, 33697[2] | ||
| Area code(s) | 813 | ||
| FIPS code | 12-71000[3] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0292005[4] | ||
| Website | www.tampagov.net | ||
| * Original city charter revoked by Florida Legislature on October 4, 1869[5] | |||
Tampa (pronunciation: /ˈtæmpə/)[6] is a city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County[7] and is located on the west coast of Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. The population of Tampa in 2010 was 335,709.[8][9]
The current location of Tampa was once inhabited by indigenous peoples of the Safety Harbor culture, most notably the Tocobaga and the Pohoy, who lived along the shores of Tampa Bay. It was briefly explored by Spanish explorers in the early 16th century, but there were no permanent American or European settlements within today's city limits until after the United States had acquired Florida from Spain in 1819.
In 1824, the United States Army established a frontier outpost called Fort Brooke at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, near the site of today's Tampa Convention Center. The first civilian residents were pioneers who settled near the fort for protection from the nearby Seminole population. The town grew slowly until the 1880s, when railroad links, the discovery of phosphate, and the arrival of the cigar industry jump-started Tampa's development and helped it to grow into an important city by the early 1900s.
Today, Tampa is a part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area. For U.S. Census purposes, Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida MSA. The four-county area is composed of roughly 2.7 million residents, making it the second largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the state, and the fourth largest in the Southeastern United States, behind Miami, Washington, D.C., and Atlanta.[10] The Greater Tampa Bay area has just over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U.S. Census data showed an average annual growth of 2.47 percent, or a gain of approximately 97,000 residents per year. Between 2000 and 2006, the Greater Tampa Bay Market experienced a combined growth rate of 14.8 percent, growing from 3.4 million to 3.9 million and hitting the 4 million people mark on April 1, 2007.[11]
Tampa has a number of sports teams, such as the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL, the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League, the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League, and the Tampa Bay Rowdies of the North American Soccer League. The Tampa Bay Rays in Major League Baseball, are actually based in neighboring St. Petersburg, Florida.
In 2008, Tampa was ranked as the 5th best outdoor city by Forbes.[12] A 2004 survey by the NYU newspaper Washington Square News ranked Tampa as a top city for "twenty-somethings."[13] Tampa is now ranked as a "Gamma" world city by Loughborough University. According to Loughborough, Tampa ranks alongside other world cities such as Phoenix, Santo Domingo, and Osaka.[14] In recent years Tampa has seen a notable upsurge in high-market demand from consumers, signaling more wealth concentrated in the area.[15] Tampa has been tapped to host the 2012 Republican National Convention.[16]
Contents
|
History[link]
Main article: History of Tampa, Florida
Name[link]
The word "Tampa" may mean "sticks of fire" in the language of the Calusa, a Native American tribe that once lived south of today’s Tampa Bay. This might be a reference to the many lightning strikes that the area receives during the summer months. Other historians claim the name means "the place to gather sticks".[17]
Toponymist George R. Stewart writes that the name was the result of a miscommunication between the Spanish and the Indians, the Indian word being "itimpi", meaning simply "near it".[18] The name first appears in the "Memoir" of Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda (1575), who had spent 17 years as a Calusa captive. He calls it "Tanpa" and describes it as an important Calusa town. While "Tanpa" may be the basis for the modern name "Tampa", archaeologist Jerald Milanich places the Calusa village of Tanpa at the mouth of Charlotte Harbor, the original "Bay of Tanpa". A later Spanish expedition did not notice Charlotte Harbor while sailing north along the west coast of Florida and assumed that the current Tampa Bay was the bay they sought. The name was accidentally transferred north.[19]
Map makers were using the term Bay or Bahia Tampa as early as 1695.[20]
Early explorations[link]
Not much is known about the cultures who called the Tampa Bay area home before European contact. When Spanish explorers arrived in the 1520s, they found a ring of Tocobaga villages around the northern half of Tampa Bay from modern-day Pinellas County to Tampa and Calusa villages along the southern portion of the bay in modern-day Manatee County.[21]
Expeditions led by Pánfilo de Narváez and Hernando de Soto landed near Tampa to look for gold and possibly start a colony. Neither conquistador stayed in the region for long once it became clear that the local riches were only abundant fish and shellfish. The native inhabitants, who derived most of their resources from the sea, repulsed any Spanish attempt to establish a permanent settlement or convert them to Catholicism.
The newcomers brought a weapon against which the natives had no defense: infectious disease. Archeological evidence reveals a total collapse of the native cultures of Florida in the years after European contact. The Tampa area was depopulated and ignored for more than 200 years.[17]
Seasonal residents and U.S. control[link]
In the mid-18th century, events in American colonies drove the Seminole Indians into the wilds of northern Florida.[22] During this period, the Tampa area had only a handful of residents: Cuban and Native American[23] fishermen. They lived in a small village at the mouth of Spanishtown Creek on Tampa Bay, in today’s Hyde Park neighborhood along Bayshore Boulevard.[23]
In 1821, the United States purchased Florida from Spain (see Adams-Onís Treaty), partly to reduce Indian raids, and partly to eliminate a refuge for escaped slaves from neighboring Southern states. One of the first U.S. actions in its new territory was a raid which destroyed Angola, a settlement built by escaped slaves and free blacks on the eastern shore of Tampa Bay.[24][25]
Frontier days[link]
The Treaty of Moultrie Creek (1823) created a large Indian reservation in the interior of the peninsula of Florida. As part of efforts to establish control over the vast wilderness, the U.S. government built a series of forts and trading posts in the new territory. "Cantonment Brooke" was established on January 10, 1824, by Colonels George Mercer Brooke and James Gadsden at the mouth of the Hillsborough River on Tampa Bay, at the site of the Tampa Convention Center in Downtown Tampa. On January 22, 1824, the post was officially named Fort Brooke.[26]
During its first decades of existence, Tampa was very much an isolated frontier outpost. The sparse civilian population practically abandoned the area when the Second Seminole War flared up in late 1835. After almost seven years of vicious fighting, the Seminoles were forced away from the Tampa region and many settlers returned.[27]
The Territory of Florida had grown enough by 1845 to become the 27th state.
Four years after statehood, on January 18, 1849, Tampa had also grown enough to officially incorporate as the "Village of Tampa". Tampa was home to 185 inhabitants, not including military personnel stationed at Fort Brooke.[28] The city's first census count in 1850, however, listed Tampa-Fort Brooke as having 974 residents, inclusive of the military personnel.[29]
Tampa was reincorporated as a town on December 15, 1855, and Judge Joseph B. Lancaster became the first mayor in 1856.[30]
Tampa during the Civil War[link]
During the American Civil War, Florida seceded along with most of the southern states to form the Confederate States of America. Fort Brooke was manned by Confederate troops, and martial law was declared in Tampa in January 1862. Tampa's city government ceased to operate for the duration of the war.[31]
In late 1861, the Union Navy set up a blockade around many southern ports to cut off the Confederacy from outside help, and several ships were stationed near the mouth of Tampa Bay. Blockade runners based in Tampa were able to repeatedly slip through the blockade to trade cattle and citrus for needed supplies, mainly with Spanish Cuba.[32]
Union gunboats sailed up Tampa Bay to bombard Fort Brooke and the surrounding city of Tampa. The Battle of Tampa on June 30 and July 1, 1862, was inconclusive, as the shells fell ineffectually, and there were no human casualties on either side.[33][34]
More damaging to the Confederate cause was the Battle of Fort Brooke on October 17 and October 18, 1863. Two Union gunboats shelled the fort and surrounding town and landed troops, who found blockade runners hidden up the Hillsborough River near present-day Lowry Park Zoo and destroyed them. The local militia mustered to intercept the Union troops, but they were able to return to their ships after a short skirmish and headed back out to sea.[35]
The war ended in April 1865 with a Confederate defeat. In May 1865, federal troops arrived in Tampa to occupy the fort and the town as part of Reconstruction. They remained until August 1869.
Reconstruction[link]
The Reconstruction period was hard on Tampa. With little industry, and land transportation links limited to bumpy wagon roads from the east coast of Florida, Tampa was a fishing village with very few people, and poor prospects for development. Throughout its history, Tampa had been affected by yellow fever epidemics borne by mosquitoes from the surrounding swampland, but the sickness was particularly widespread during the late 1860s and 1870s. The disease was little understood at the time, and many residents simply packed up and left rather than face the mysterious and deadly peril.[36]
In 1869, residents voted to abolish the city of Tampa government.[37] The population of "Tampa Town" was below 800 in the official 1870 census count and had fallen further by 1880 (see demographics, below).
Fort Brooke, the seed from which Tampa had germinated, had served its purpose and was decommissioned in 1883. Except for two cannons displayed on the nearby University of Tampa campus, all traces of the fort are gone. A large downtown parking garage near the old fort site is called the Fort Brooke Parking Garage.[38]
Prosperity[link]
In the mid-1880s, Tampa's fortunes took several sudden turns for the better. First, phosphate was discovered in the Bone Valley region southeast of Tampa in 1883. The mineral, vital for the production of fertilizers and other products, was soon being shipped out from the Port of Tampa in great volume. Tampa is still a major phosphate exporter.
Plant's railroad[link]
Henry B. Plant's railroad line reached Tampa and its port shortly thereafter, finally connecting the small town to the nation's railroad system after years of efforts by local leaders. Previously, Tampa's overland transportation links had consisted of rutted sandy roads stretching across the Florida countryside. Plant's railroad made it much easier to get goods in and out of the Tampa Bay area. Phosphate and commercial fishing exports could be sent north[39] and many new products were brought into the Tampa market, along with the first tourists.
Ybor's cigars[link]
See also: History of Ybor City
The new railroad link enabled another important industry to come to Tampa. In 1885, the Tampa Board of Trade enticed Vicente Martinez Ybor to move his cigar manufacturing operations to Tampa from Key West. Proximity to Cuba made importation of "clear Havana tobacco" easy by sea, and Plant's railroad made shipment of finished cigars to the rest of the US market easy by land.[40]
Since Tampa was still a small town at the time (population less than 5000), Ybor built hundreds of small houses around his factory to accommodate the immediate influx of mainly Cuban and Spanish cigar workers. Ybor City's factories rolled their first cigars in 1886, and many different cigar manufacturers moved their operations to town in ensuing years. Many Italian and a few eastern European Jewish immigrants arrived starting in the late 1880s, opening businesses and shops that catered to cigar workers. By 1900, over 10,000 immigrants had moved to the neighborhood. Several thousand more Cuban immigrants built West Tampa, another cigar-centric suburb founded a few years later by Hugh MacFarlane. Between them, two "Latin" communities combined to exponentially expand Tampa's population, economic base, and tax revenues, as Tampa became the "Cigar Capital of the World".[41]
Tampa Bay Hotel[link]
In 1891, Henry B. Plant built a lavish 500+ room, quarter-mile (400 m) long, US$2.5 million eclectic/Moorish Revival-style luxury resort hotel called the Tampa Bay Hotel among 150 acres (0.61 km2) of manicured gardens along the banks of the Hillsborough River. Plant's resort featured a race track, a heated indoor pool, a golf course, a 2000-seat auditorium, tennis courts, stables, hunting and fishing tours, and electric lights and telephones in every room, plus the first elevator in town and exotic art collectibles which Plant had shipped in from around the world.[42]
The Tampa Bay Hotel was relatively prosperous for about a decade. The resort hosted thousands of guests and many celebrities of the era, but was only filled to capacity during the Spanish-American War (see below). Henry Plant died in 1899, and his heirs sold the facilities to the city of Tampa in 1904. The city operated the hotel and used the grounds as a community gathering place until 1932, when the resort was closed, remodeled, and reopened as the University of Tampa a year later.[43]
Spanish-American War[link]
Mainly because of Henry Plant's connections in the War Department, Tampa was chosen as an embarkation center for American troops in the Spanish-American War. Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders were among the 30,000 troops who waited in Tampa for the order to ship out to Cuba during the summer of 1898, filling the town to bursting and delivering another huge boost to the local economy.[44]
Crucial time[link]
The discovery of phosphate, the arrival of Plant's railroad, and the founding of Ybor City and West Tampa—all in the mid-1880s—were crucial to Tampa's development. The once-struggling village of Tampa became a bustling boomtown almost overnight, and had grown into one of the largest cities in Florida by 1900.[40]
Early 20th century[link]
During the first few decades of the 20th century, the cigar-making industry was the backbone of Tampa's economy. The factories in Ybor City and West Tampa made an enormous number of cigars—in the peak year of 1929, over 500,000,000 cigars were hand rolled in the city.[45]
In 1904, a local civic association of local businessmen dubbed themselves Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla (named after local mythical pirate Jose Gaspar), and staged an "invasion" of the city followed by a parade. With a few exceptions, the Gasparilla Pirate Festival has been held every year since.[46]
Bolita and organized crime[link]
Beginning in the late 19th century, illegal bolita lotteries were very popular among the Tampa working classes, especially in Ybor City. In the early 1920s, this small-time operation was taken over by Charlie Wall, the rebellious son of a prominent Tampa family, and went big-time. Bolita was able to openly thrive only because of kick-backs and bribes to key local politicians and law enforcement officials, and many were on the take.[47]
Profits from the bolita lotteries and Prohibition-era bootlegging led to the development of several organized crime factions in the city. Charlie Wall was the first major boss, but various power struggles culminated in consolidation of control by Sicilian mafioso Santo Trafficante, Sr., and his faction in the 1950s. After his death in 1954 from cancer, control passed to his son Santo Trafficante, Jr., who established alliances with families in New York and extended his power throughout Florida and into Batista-era Cuba.[48][49]
The era of rampant and open corruption ended in the 1950s, when the Senator Kefauver's traveling organized crime hearings came to town and were followed by the sensational misconduct trials of several local officials. Although many of the worst offenders in government and the mob were not charged, the trials helped to end the sense of lawlessness which had prevailed in Tampa for decades.[47]
Mid to late 20th century[link]
Tampa grew considerably as a result of World War II. Prior to the United States' involvement in the conflict, construction began on MacDill Field, the predecessor of present day MacDill Air Force Base. MacDill Field served as a main base for Army Air Corps and later Army Air Forces operations just before and during World War II, with multiple auxiliary airfields around the Tampa Bay area and surrounding counties. At the end of the war, MacDill remained as an active military installation while the auxiliary fields reverted to civilian control. Two of these auxiliary fields would later become the present day Tampa International Airport and St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport. With the establishment of an independent U.S. Air Force in 1947, MacDill Field became MacDill AFB.
During the 1950s and 1960s Tampa saw record-setting population growth that has not been seen since. This amazing growth spurred major expansion of the city’s highways and bridges bringing thousands into the city and creating endless possibilities for Tampa business owners who welcomed tourists and new citizens alike into their neighborhoods. It was during this time period in the city’s history that two of the most popular tourist attractions in the area were developed – Busch Gardens and Lowry Park. Many of the well-known institutions that play an important role in the economic development of the city were established during this time period.[50]
In 1956, the University of South Florida was established in North Tampa, spurring major development in this section of the city and offering many new job opportunities. Tampa continued to expand as new hospitals, schools, churches and subdivisions all began appearing to accommodate the growth. Many business offices began moving away from the traditional downtown office building into more convenient neighborhood office plazas.[50]
Four attempts have been made to consolidate the municipal government of the city of Tampa with the county government of Hillsborough County (1967, 1970, 1971, and 1972), all of which failed at the ballot box; the greatest loss was also the most recent attempt in 1972, with the final tally being 33,160 (31%) in favor and 73,568 (69%) against the proposed charter.[51]
The biggest recent growth in the city was the development of New Tampa, which started in 1988 when the city annexed a mostly rural area of 24 square miles (62 km2) between I-275 and I-75.
East Tampa, historically a mostly black community, was the scene of several race riots during and for some time after the period of racial segregation, mainly due to problems between residents and the Tampa Police Department.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 974 |
|
|
| 1870 | 796 |
|
|
| 1880 | 720 | −9.5% | |
| 1890 | 5,532 | 668.3% | |
| 1900 | 15,839 | 186.3% | |
| 1910 | 37,782 | 138.5% | |
| 1920 | 51,608 | 36.6% | |
| 1930 | 101,161 | 96.0% | |
| 1940 | 108,391 | 7.1% | |
| 1950 | 124,681 | 15.0% | |
| 1960 | 274,970 | 120.5% | |
| 1970 | 277,714 | 1.0% | |
| 1980 | 271,523 | −2.2% | |
| 1990 | 280,015 | 3.1% | |
| 2000 | 303,447 | 8.4% | |
| 2010 | 335,709 | 10.6% | |
| source:[52][53][54] | |||
| Tampa demographics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 Census | Tampa | Hillsborough County | Florida |
| Total population | 335,709 | 1,229,226 | 18,801,310 |
| Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010 | +10.6% | +23.1% | +17.6% |
| Population density | 2,960.2/sq mi | 1,204.9/sq mi | 350.6/sq mi |
| White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) | 62.9% | 71.3% | 75.0% |
| (Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) | 46.3% | 53.7% | 57.9% |
| Black or African-American | 26.2% | 16.7% | 16.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 23.1% | 24.9% | 22.5% |
| Asian | 3.4% | 3.4% | 2.4% |
| Native American or Native Alaskan | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Two or more races (Multiracial) | 3.2% | 3.1% | 2.5% |
| Some Other Race | 3.8% | 5.0% | 3.6% |
As of 2000, the largest ancestries are German (9.2%), Irish (8.4%), English (7.7%), Italian (5.6%), and French (2.4%).[8]
As of 2010, there were 157,130 households out of which 13.5% were vacant. In 2000, 27.6% households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.07.
In 2000, the city's population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.7 years old. For every 100 females there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.
In 2006, the median income for a household in the city was $39,602, and the median income for a family was $45,823. Males had a median income of $40,461 versus $29,868 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,522. 20.1% of the population and 16.4% of families were below the poverty line. 31.0% of those under the age of 18 and 13.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty level.
As of 2000, English spoken as a first language accounted for 77.4% of all residents, while 22.6% spoke other languages as their mother tongue. The most significant was Spanish speakers who made up 17.8% of the population, while French came up as the third most spoken language, which made up 0.6%, and Italian was at fourth, with 0.6% of the population.[55]
A 2006 study by UCLA suggests that Tampa has one of the highest GLBT populations per capita with 6.1% of citizens polled identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual or transexual. The Tampa Bay metropolitan area also ranks 5th of all major metropolitan areas with 5.9% being GLBT.[56]
Geography and weather[link]
Tampa is located on the West coast of Florida at 27°58′15″N 82°27′53″W / 27.97083°N 82.46472°W / 27.97083; -82.46472 (27.970898, -82.464640).[57]
Topography[link]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 170.6 square miles (442 km2), of which 112.1 square miles (290 km2) is land and 58.5 square miles (151.5 km2) (34.31%) is water. The highest point in the city is only 48 feet (15 m). Tampa is bordered by two bodies of water, Old Tampa Bay and Hillsborough Bay, both of which flow together to form Tampa Bay, which in turn flows into the Gulf of Mexico. The Hillsborough River flows out into Hillsborough Bay, passing directly in front of Downtown Tampa and supplying Tampa with its main source of fresh water. Palm River is a smaller river flowing from just east of the city into McKay Bay, which is a smaller inlet, sited at the northeast end of Hillsborough Bay[58] Tampa's cartography is marked by the Interbay Peninsula which divides Hillsborough Bay (the eastern) from Old Tampa Bay (the western).
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of the Tampa Bay area
Tampa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot summer days, frequent thunderstorms in the summer (rain is less frequent in the fall and winter), and a threat of a light winter freeze from November 15 through March 5 caused by occasional cold fronts from the north, and even then not every year. Since Tampa has some characteristics of a tropical climate, hard freezes happen rarely (every 15 to 20 years). Tampa is listed as USDA zone 10, which is about the northern limit of where coconut palms and royal palms can be grown. Average highs range from 70 to 90 °F (21 to 32 °C) year round, and lows 52 to 76 °F (11 to 24 °C).[59] While it may surprise anyone who has suffered the area's intense summer heat, Tampa's official recorded high has never hit 100 °F (37.8 °C) - the all-time record high temperature is 99 °F (37 °C), recorded on June 5, 1985.[59]
Temperatures are hot from around mid-April through mid-October, which coincides approximately with the rainy season. Summertime weather is very consistent, with highs near 90°F (32-34 °C), lows in the mid-70s °F (23-24 °C), and high humidity. Afternoon thunderstorms, usually generated by the interaction of the Gulf and Atlantic sea breezes, are such a regular occurrence during the summer that the Tampa Bay area is recognized as the "Lightning Capital of North America". Every year, Florida averages 10 deaths and 30 injuries from lightning strikes, with several of these usually occurring in or around Tampa.[60]
In the winter, average temperatures range from the low to mid 70s during the day to the low to mid 50s at night. However, sustained colder air from Canada pushes into the area on several occasions every winter, dropping the highs and lows to 15 degrees below the average (or even colder) for several days at a time before seasonal average temperatures return. The temperature falls below freezing an average of 2 to 3 times per year, though this does not occur every season.[61] Since the Tampa area is home to a diverse range of freeze-sensitive agriculture and aquaculture, hard freezes, although very infrequent, are a major concern. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Tampa was 18 °F (−8 °C) on December 13, 1962.[59]
File:Tampa Snow.jpg
The rare 1977 snowfall
In the Great Blizzard of 1899, Tampa experienced its one and only known blizzard, with "bay effect" snow coming off Tampa Bay.[62][63] The last measurable snow in Tampa fell on January 19, 1977. The accumulation amounted to all of 0.2 inches (0.5 cm), but the city, unprepared for and unaccustomed to wintry weather, came to a virtual standstill for a day. Three major freezes occurred in the 1980s: in January 1982, January 1985, and December 1989. The losses suffered by farmers forced many to sell off their citrus groves, which helped fuel a boom in subdivision development in the 1990s and 2000s.[64][65]
Yearly precipitation trends[link]
Because of the frequent summer thunderstorms, Tampa has a pronounced wet season, receiving an average of 26.1 inches (663 mm) of rain from June to September but only about 18.6 inches (472 mm) during the remaining eight months of the year. The historical averages during the late summer, especially September, are augmented by passing tropical systems, which can easily dump many inches of rain in one day. Outside of the summer rainy season, most of the area's precipitation is delivered by the occasional passage of a weather front.[59]
| Climate data for Tampa, Florida (Tampa Int'l), 1981-2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 86 (30) |
88 (31) |
91 (33) |
93 (34) |
98 (37) |
99 (37) |
98 (37) |
98 (37) |
96 (36) |
95 (35) |
90 (32) |
86 (30) |
99 (37) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 70.3 (21.3) |
72.8 (22.7) |
76.6 (24.8) |
81.3 (27.4) |
87.5 (30.8) |
90.0 (32.2) |
90.4 (32.4) |
90.5 (32.5) |
89.3 (31.8) |
84.6 (29.2) |
78.3 (25.7) |
72.4 (22.4) |
82.00 (27.78) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 50.8 (10.4) |
53.6 (12.0) |
57.5 (14.2) |
62.2 (16.8) |
68.9 (20.5) |
74.1 (23.4) |
75.2 (24.0) |
75.5 (24.2) |
73.7 (23.2) |
67.3 (19.6) |
59.6 (15.3) |
53.6 (12.0) |
64.33 (17.96) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 21 (−6) |
24 (−4) |
29 (−2) |
40 (4) |
49 (9) |
53 (12) |
63 (17) |
67 (19) |
57 (14) |
40 (4) |
23 (−5) |
18 (−8) |
18 (−8) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.23 (56.6) |
2.80 (71.1) |
3.03 (77) |
2.03 (51.6) |
2.10 (53.3) |
6.68 (169.7) |
7.06 (179.3) |
7.76 (197.1) |
6.29 (159.8) |
2.25 (57.2) |
1.55 (39.4) |
2.47 (62.7) |
46.25 (1,174.8) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 12.7 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 12.2 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 104.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 198.4 | 203.4 | 266.6 | 300.0 | 313.1 | 279.0 | 266.6 | 248.0 | 222.0 | 232.5 | 201.0 | 192.2 | 2,922.8 |
| Source: NOAA [66], HKO [67] The Weather Channel (record temperatures) [68] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
Main article: Cityscape of Tampa, Florida
See also: Neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida
Architecture[link]
Tampa displays a wide variety of architectural designs and styles. Most of Tampa's high rises demonstrate Post-modern architecture. The design for the renovated Tampa Museum of Art, displays Post-modern architecture, while the city hall and the Tampa Theatre belong to Art Deco architecture. The Tampa mayor Pam Iorio made the redevelopment of Tampa's downtown, especially residential development, a priority.[69] Several residential and mixed-development high-rises have been constructed. Another of Mayor Iorio's initiatives was the Tampa Riverwalk, a mixed use path along the Hillsborough River in downtown and Channelside. Several museums are part of the plan, including new homes for the Tampa Bay History Center, the Tampa Children's Museum, and the Tampa Museum of Art.[70] Mayor Bob Buckhorn has continued these developments.
Tampa is the site of several skyscrapers. Overall, there are 18 completed buildings that rise over 250 feet (76 m) high. The city also has 69 high-rises,[71] more than any other city in Florida after Miami. The tallest building in the city is 100 North Tampa, formerly the AmSouth Building, which rises 42 floors and 579 feet (176 m) in Downtown Tampa.[72] The structure was completed in 1992, and is the tallest building in Florida outside of Miami and Jacksonville.[72]
Neighborhoods and surrounding municipalities[link]
The city is divided into many neighborhoods, many of which were towns and unincorporated communities annexed by the growing city. Generally, the city is divided into the following areas: Downtown Tampa, New Tampa, West Tampa, East Tampa, North Tampa, and South Tampa. Well-known communities include Ybor City, Forest Hills, Ballast Point, Sulphur Springs, Seminole Heights, Tampa Heights, Palma Ceia, Hyde Park, Davis Islands, Tampa Palms, College Hill, and non-residential areas of Gary and the Westshore Business District.
Surrounding communities[link]
Landmarks[link]
See also: List of tallest buildings in Tampa
The Sulphur Springs Water Tower, a landmark in Sulphur Springs section of the city, dates back to the late 1920s. This boom period for Florida also saw the construction of an ornate movie palace, the Tampa Theatre, a Mediterranean revival on Davis Islands, and Bayshore Boulevard, which borders Hillsborough Bay from downtown Tampa to areas in South Tampa. The road has a 6-mile (9.7 km) continuous sidewalk on the eastern end, the longest in the world.[73][74]
The Ybor City District is home to several buildings on the National Register of Historic Places and has been declared a National Historic Landmark. Notable structures include El Centro Español and other social clubs built in the early 1900s.
Babe Zaharias Golf Course in the Forest Hills area of Tampa has been designated a Historical Landmark by the National Register of Historic Places. It was bought in 1949 by the famous 'Babe', who had a residence nearby, and closed upon her death. In 1974, the city of Tampa opened the golf course to the public.[75] The Story of Tampa, a public painting by Lynn Ash, is a 4' × 8' oil on masonite mural that weaves together many of the notable aspects of Tampa's unique character and identity. It was commissioned in 2003 by the city's Public Art Program and can be found in the lobby of the Tampa Municipal Office Building.[76] Park Tower (originally the First Financial Bank of Florida) is the first substantial skyscraper in downtown Tampa. Completed in 1973, it was the tallest skyscraper in Tampa until the completion of One Tampa City Center in 1981.[77] The Rivergate building, a cylindrical building known as the "Beer Can building", was featured in the movie "The Punisher".
Spanning the southern part of Tampa Bay, is the massive steel-span Sunshine Skyway Bridge.
Tampa is home to the Bro Bowl, one of the last remaining skateparks built during skateboarding's "Golden Era" in the 1970s. It opened in 1979 and was constructed by Tampa Parks and Recreation. It was the first public skatepark to be constructed in Florida and the third on the East Coast.[citation needed]
Government[link]
Tampa is governed under the strong mayor form of government. The Mayor of Tampa is the chief executive officer of city government and is elected in four-year terms, with a limit of two consecutive terms. The current mayor is Bob Buckhorn, who took office on April 1, 2011.
The City Council is a legislative body served by seven members, in which four are elected from specific areas of town and the other three are "at-large" (serving citywide).[78]
Education[link]
Primary and secondary schools[link]
Further information: Hillsborough County Public Schools
Public primary and secondary education is operated by Hillsborough County Public Schools, officially known as the School District of Hillsborough County (SDHC). It is ranked the eighth largest school district in the United States, with around 189,469 enrolled students. SDHC runs 208 schools, 133 being elementary, 42 middle, 27 high schools, two K-8s, and four career centers. There are 73 additional schools in the district that are charter, ESE, alternative, etc. Twelve out of 25 high schools in the SDHC are included in Newsweek's list of America's Best High Schools.
Public libraries[link]
Tampa's library system is operated by the Tampa-Hillsborough Public Library System. THPLS operates 28 libraries throughout Tampa and Hillsborough County, including the John F. Germany Main Library in Downtown Tampa. The Tampa library system first started in the early 20th century, with the West Tampa Library, which was made possible with funds donated by Andrew Carnegie.
Higher education[link]
There are a number of institutions of higher education in Tampa. The city is home to the main campus of the University of South Florida (USF), a member of the State University System of Florida founded in 1956.[79] In 2010, it was the eleventh highest individual campus enrollment in the US with over 46,000 students.[80] Its mascot is Rocky The Bull, with green and gold as his colors. The University of Tampa (UT) is a private, four-year liberal arts institution.[81] Founded in 1931 and located across the Hillsborough River from downtown Tampa, UT has over 6,500 students attending. Its mascot is the Spartan, with scarlet, black, and gold as its school colors. Hillsborough Community College is a two-year community college in the Florida College System with campuses in Tampa and Hillsborough County.[82]
Other colleges and universities in the wider Tampa Bay Area include Eckerd College and St. Petersburg College in St. Petersburg.[83]
Economy[link]
Service, retail, finance, insurance, shipping by air and sea, national defense, professional sports, tourism, and real estate all play a vital role in the area's economy.[84] Hillsborough County alone has an estimated 740,000 employees, a figure which is projected to increase to 922,000 by 2015.[84] Many corporations, such as large banks and telecommunications companies, maintain regional offices in Tampa. Several Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in the metropolitan area,[85] including OSI Restaurant Partners, WellCare Health Plans, Inc., TECO Energy, and Raymond James Financial. MacDill Air Force Base also remains a major employer as the parent installation for over 15,000 active uniformed military, Department of Defense (DoD) civil service and DoD contractor personnel in the Tampa Bay area. A significant majority of the civil service and contractor personnel are, in fact, themselves retired career military personnel. In addition to the 6th Air Mobility Wing, which is "host wing" for the base, MacDill is also home to Headquarters, United States Central Command (USCENTCOM), Headquarters, United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), the 927th Air Refueling Wing, Headquarters, United States Marine Forces Central Command (USMARCENT), Headquarters, United States Special Operations Command Central (USSOCCENT), and numerous other military activities of the active and reserve components of the armed forces.
Downtown Tampa is undergoing significant development and redevelopment in line with a general national trend toward urban residential development. The Tampa Downtown Partnership notes development proceeding on 20 residential, hotel, and mixed-use projects as of April 2007.[86] Many of the new downtown developments are nearing completion in the midst of a housing market slump, which has caused numerous projects to be delayed or revamped,[87] and some of the 20 projects TDP lists have not broken ground and are being refinanced. Nonetheless several developments are nearing completion, which city leaders hope will make downtown into a 24-hour neighborhood instead of 9 to 5 business district.[88] As it stands, Tampa residents face a decline in rent which has decreased an average of 2% next year. Nationally rent has decreased 4%.[89]
Tampa's port is now the seventh largest in the nation and Florida's largest tonnage port, handling nearly half of all seaborne commerce that passes through the state. Tampa currently ranks second in the state behind Miami in terms of cruise ship travel. Besides smaller regional cruise ships such as Yacht Starship and SunCruz Casino, Tampa also serves as a port of call for three cruise lines: Holland America's MS Veendam, Royal Caribbean's Grandeur of the Seas, and Carnival's Legend and Inspiration.[90]
The main server farm for Wikipedia and other Wikimedia Foundation projects is located in Tampa.[91]
Healthcare and utilities[link]
Tampa and its surrounding suburbs are host to over 20 hospitals and four trauma centers. Three of the area's hospitals were ranked among "America's best hospitals" by US News and World Report. It is also home to many health research institutions.
Media[link]
Main article: Media in Tampa Bay
See also: List of films set in Tampa
Major daily newspapers serving the city are The Tampa Tribune and The Tampa Bay Times. La Gaceta is the nation's only trilingual newspaper, written in English, Spanish, and Italian. There is also a wide variety of smaller regional newspapers, alternative weeklies, and magazines, including the Florida Sentinel Bulletin, Creative Loafing, Reax Music Magazine, Tampa Bay Times, The Oracle, Tampa Bay Business Journal, and MacDill Thunderbolt. Major television affiliates include WFTS 28 (ABC), WTSP 10 (CBS), WFLA 8 (NBC), WTVT 13 (Fox), WTOG 44 (The CW), WTTA 38 (MyNetworkTV), and WVEA 62 (Univision).
Infrastructure[link]
Utilities[link]
Water in the area is managed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District. The water is mainly supplied by the Hillsborough River, which in turn arises from the Green Swamp, but several other rivers and desalination plants in the area contribute to the supply. Power is mainly generated by TECO Energy.
Phone service is provided by Verizon and Bright House Networks. Cable TV and internet are also provided by these companies.
Roads[link]
Three motor vehicle bridges cross Tampa Bay to Pinellas County: the Howard Frankland Bridge (I-275), the Courtney Campbell Causeway (SR-60), and the Gandy Bridge (US 92). The old Gandy Bridge was completely replaced by new spans during the 1990s, but a span of the old bridge was saved and converted into a pedestrian and biking bridge renamed The Friendship Trail. It is the longest overwater recreation trail in the world.[92] However, the bridge was closed in 2008 due to structural problems.[93]
There are two major expressways (toll) bringing traffic in and out of Tampa. The Lee Roy Selmon Expressway (SR-618) (formerly known as the Crosstown Expressway), runs from suburban Brandon at its eastern terminus, through Downtown Tampa, to the neighborhoods in South Tampa (near MacDill Air Force Base) at its western terminus. The Veterans Expressway (SR-589), meanwhile connects Tampa International Airport and the bay bridges to the northwestern suburbs of Carrollwood, Northdale, Westchase, Citrus Park, Cheval, and Lutz, before continuing north as the Suncoast Parkway into Pasco and Hernando counties.
Three interstate highways run through the city. Interstate 4 and Interstate 275 cut across the city and intersect near downtown. Interstate 75 runs along the east side of town for much of its route through Hillsborough County until veering to the west to bisect New Tampa.
Along with highways, major surface roads serves as main arteries of the city. These roads are Hillsborough Avenue (US 92 and US 41), Dale Mabry Highway (US 92), Nebraska Avenue (US 41/SR 45), Florida Avenue (US 41 Business), Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Fowler Avenue, Busch Boulevard, Kennedy Boulevard, Adamo Drive, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.
Airports[link]
Main article: List of airports in the Tampa Bay area
Tampa holds a unique distinction in the history of aviation, a status gained just ten years after the Wright Brothers first took flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. On January 1, 1914, pioneering aviator Tony Jannus captained the inaugural flight of the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line, the world's first commercial passenger airline. The airline flew scheduled flights from downtown St. Petersburg, Florida, across the bay to just south of where Tampa International Airport sits today, carrying just the pilot and a single passenger in a flying boat biplane.[94] The airline's historic significance is officially recognized by the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, and its pilot is memorialized annually by the awarding of the Tony Jannus Award to individuals of outstanding achievement in scheduled commercial aviation.[95] A permanent exhibit honoring the award recipients is maintained at Tampa International Airport, which also hosts a 12.5 feet (3.8 m) painted mural from the 1930s titled, History’s First Scheduled Airline Passenger Arrives in Tampa, depicting the events of New Year's Day, 1914.[96]
Tampa International Airport (IATA: TPA, ICAO: KTPA) is Tampa's main airport and the primary location for commercial passenger airline service into the Tampa Bay area. It is also a consistent favorite in surveys of the industry and the traveling public. The readers of Condé Nast Traveler have frequently placed Tampa International in their list of Best Airports, ranking it #1 in 2003,[97] and #2 in 2008[98] A survey by Zagat in 2007 ranked Tampa International first among U.S. airports in overall quality.[99] During 2008, it was the 26th-busiest airport in North America.[100]- Peter O. Knight Airport (IATA: TPF, ICAO: KTPF)is a small general aviation terminal located on Davis Islands near downtown.
- Tampa Executive Airport (IATA: VDF, ICAO: KVDF), formerly known as Vandenberg Airport, is another option for general aviation fliers. The airport is located east of Tampa in Hillsborough County, near the interchange of I-4 and I-75.
- St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport (IATA: PIE, ICAO: KPIE) lies just across the bay from Tampa International Airport in neighboring Pinellas County. Though mainly a general aviation facility, the airport has become a popular destination for passenger service by discount and charter carriers. A joint civil-military aviation facility, it is also home to Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater, the largest air station in the U.S. Coast Guard.[101]
Railroads[link]
The railroad legacy brought to Tampa by Henry Plant continues to serve the city. Uceta Rail Yard was established by Plant System corporate descendant, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, in the industrial sector on Tampa's east side, between Gary and Brandon. It continues to service CSX as a storage and intermodal freight transport facility today. Freight and container cargo operations at the city's seaports also depend upon dockside rail facilities.[102]
Since 1912, Tampa's intercity passenger rail service has been based at Tampa Union Station. The historic facility, adjacent to downtown between the Channel District and Ybor City, is served by Amtrak today. Amtrak's Silver Star calls on Tampa twice daily: number 91 southbound to Miami and number 92 northbound for New York City.[103]
Union Station also serves as the transfer hub for Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach service, offering bus connections to several cities in Southwest Florida, as well as to Orlando for transfers to the northbound Silver Meteor.[103]
High speed rail[link]
Main article: Florida High Speed Rail
Tampa was to be the site of a high speed rail line which would have run between downtown and the Orlando area, and eventually to Miami and southern Florida. Construction of the line was slated to begin in 2011, with the initial phase completed by 2014. Governor Rick Scott, however, cancelled the plan in March 2011.[104][105]
Seaports[link]
Main articles: Port of Tampa and Port Tampa, Tampa
Since Tampa Bay was first spotted by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, sailors have admired its wide, sheltered beauty. However, its shallow nature has always presented a navigability problem; the bay is less than 30 feet (9.1 m) deep almost everywhere and considerably less than that in many places near the coast, including the approach to the city of Tampa.[106] By the late 19th century, typical cargo ships had grown large enough that they were not able to navigate upper Tampa Bay and reach the ports of Tampa at all.
In 1899, however, the US Congress authorized the dredging of a 27' deep channel to Port Tampa, Henry Plant's rail-to-ship facility just west of Tampa. In 1917, another channel was dredged out to the Port of Tampa proper, instantly making Tampa an important shipping location.[107]
The bay bottom is very sandy, and the ship channels need constant dredging to keep them navigable to the largest modern cargo ships. Every year, the US Army Corps of Engineers dredge up enough sediment from the bay to fill Raymond James Stadium 10 times.[108]
Today, the Port of Tampa is the largest port in Florida in throughput tonnage, making it one of the busiest commercial ports in North America.[109] Petroleum and phosphate are the lead commodities, accounting for two-thirds of the 37 million tons of total bulk and general cargo handled by the port in 2009.[110]
The Tampa Port Authority currently operates three cruise ship terminals in Tampa's Channel District. The Port of Tampa is the year-round home port for Carnival Cruise Lines' MS Carnival Inspiration and MS Carnival Legend. In 2010, Tampa will also be a seasonal port for Holland America Line's MS Ryndam, as well as Royal Caribbean International's MS Grandeur of the Seas and MS Radiance of the Seas.[111] A fourth company, Norwegian Cruise Line, has announced plans to sail out of Tampa for the first time. The 2,240 passenger MS Norwegian Star will be Tampa's largest cruise ship when it debuts a seasonal schedule in 2011. Cruise itineraries from Tampa include stops in the Eastern and Western Caribbean islands, Honduras, Belize, and Mexico.[112]
Mass transit[link]
Public mass transit within Tampa is operated by the Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority (HART), and includes public bus and paratransit service, as well as a streetcar line. The HART bus system's main hub is the Marion Transit Center in Downtown Tampa, serving nearly 30 local and express routes. HART has a signed transit deal with the University of South Florida, allowing students to ride for free on most bus routes,[113] while students from other schools may receive discounted fares.[114]
In October, 2002, the TECO Line Streetcar System brought electric streetcar service back to Tampa for the first time in over half a century. The line operates from ten stations along a 2.4-mile (3.9-km) route, connecting Ybor City, the Channel District, the Tampa Convention Center, and downtown Tampa.[115] Work is currently underway to extend the line along Franklin Street to the Fort Brooke Parking Garage by December 2010. The TECO Line fleet features varnished wood interiors and other appointments reminiscent of the streetcars that traversed Tampa between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries. The nostalgic design is incorporated with modern functionality, as the cars are both wheelchair accessible and air conditioned.[116]
Limited transportation by privately-operated "Neighborhood Electric Vehicles" (NEV) is available, primarily in Downtown Tampa and Ybor City.[117] Water taxis are available on a charter basis for tours along the downtown waterfront and the Hillsborough River. Regular water taxi service may be possible in the future as docks and facilities are developed in conjunction with the Tampa Riverwalk.[118]
In July 2007, the Tampa Bay Area Regional Transportation Authority (TBARTA) was formed to develop bus, light rail, and other transportation options for the seven-county Tampa Bay area.
MacDill Air Force Base[link]
Main article: MacDill Air Force Base
MacDill Air Force Base, located in south Tampa, was constructed as MacDill Field just prior to World War II. During the 1950s and 1960s, it was a Strategic Air Command base for B-47 and B-52 bombers. In the 1960s, it transitioned to a Tactical Air Command installation for F-4 Phantom II fighters, followed by F-16s in the 1980s. It is currently an Air Mobility Command installation, home to the 6th Air Mobility Wing, and includes both the 310th Airlift Squadron, flying the C-37, and the 91st Air Refueling Squadron, flying the KC-135. MacDill AFB is also home to the headquarters for two of the U.S. military's joint warfighting commands: Headquarters, United States Central Command (CENTCOM), and Headquarters, United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM). Both commands are independent from one another and each is commanded by a respective 4-star general or admiral.
The MacDill AFB flight line was temporarily closed and the 56th Fighter Wing transferred to Luke AFB, Arizona following the 1991 round of base closings under the Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) discussions; at the time, the base was used for F-16 fighter training and operations and increasing level of civilian air traffic in the Tampa Bay area was considered detrimental to training. The noise produced by the fighter aircraft was also considered inappropriate in a densely populated area. However, despite committee recommendations, the base remained open to house and support CENTCOM and SOCOM under the cognizance of the newly-activated 6th Air Base Wing. With the disestablishment of Tactical Air Command a few months later, claimancy for MacDill passed to the newly-created Air Combat Command.
The MacDill flight line was initially reopened in 1992 to temporarily support F-16 aircraft from the 31st Fighter Wing and the Air Force Reserve's 482d Fighter Wing, following the destruction of their home station, Homestead AFB, Florida in the wake of Hurricane Andrew. In 1993, the MacDill flightline was permanently reopened for NOAA WP-3D "hurricane hunter" operations, which had relocated from Miami International Airport.
In 1996, the 91st Air Refueling Squadron moved to MacDill from Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana, the 6th Air Base Wing was renamed the 6th Air Refueling Wing (later 6th Air Mobility Wing) and the installation officially came under the Air Mobility Command.
Approximately 14,000 people work at MacDill Air Force Base, with a significant number of military personnel and their families living on base in military housing, while remaining servicemembers and military families live off base in the Tampa Bay area. MacDill AFB is a significant contributor to Tampa's economy and the city is very supportive of the military community. In 2001 and 2003, the Tampa Bay area was awarded the Abilene Trophy, which annually honors the most supportive Air Force city in Air Mobility Command.
MacDill also hosts an annual air show that is enjoyed by thousands of spectators each year. However, there were no shows in 2002 and 2003 due to 9/11.[119] The 2006 show was also canceled due to security concerns on base,[120] but was reinstated in 2008. In 2008, pursuant to BRAC 2005, the Air Force Reserve Command's 927th Air Refueling Wing (927 ARW) relocated without aircraft or equipment from Selfridge Air National Guard Base, Michigan to MacDill AFB, where it became an "Associate" wing to the 6th Air Mobility Wing sharing the same KC-135R Stratotanker aircraft.
Culture[link]
Arts and entertainment[link]
Tampa is home to a variety of stage and performing arts venues and theaters, including The David A. Straz Jr. Center for the Performing Arts, The Tampa Theatre, Gorilla Theatre, and just east of the city, the 1-800-ASK-GARY Amphitheatre.
Performing arts companies and organizations which call Tampa home include The Florida Orchestra, Opera Tampa, Jobsite Theater, The Master Chorale of Tampa Bay, Stageworks Theatre, Spanish Lyric Theater, and the Tampa Bay Symphony.
Current popular nightlife districts include Channelside, Ybor City, SoHo, International Plaza and Bay Street, and Seminole Hard Rock. Downtown Tampa also contains some nightlife, and there are more clubs/bars to be found in other areas of the city. Tampa is rated sixth on Maxim magazine's list of top party cities.[121]
The area has become a "de-facto" headquarters of professional wrestling, with many pros living in the area.[122][123][124][125] WWE's developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling, is also based in Tampa.
Tampa is home to several death metal bands, an extreme form of heavy metal music that evolved from thrash metal. Many of the genre's pioneers and foremost figures are based in and around the city. Chief among these are Cannibal Corpse, Deicide, Six Feet Under, Obituary, and Morbid Angel. The Tampa scene grew with the birth of Morrisound Recording, which established itself as an international recording destination for metal bands.[126]
The underground rock band, the Baskervils, got their start in Tampa. They played the Tampa Bay area between 1994–1997 and then moved to New York City. Underground hip-hop group Equilibrium is based out of Tampa, as well as the Christian metalcore band, Underoath.
In 2009, the new Frank Wildhorn musical Wonderland: Alice's New Musical Adventure hosted its world premiere at the Straz Center.
Museums[link]
The Tampa area is home to a number of museums that cover a wide array of subjects and studies. These include the Museum of Science & Industry (MOSI), which has several floors of science-related exhibits plus the only domed IMAX theater in Florida and a planetarium; the Tampa Museum of Art; the USF Contemporary Art Museum; the Tampa Bay History Center; the Tampa Firefighters Museum; the Henry B. Plant Museum; and Ybor City Museum State Park. Permanently docked in downtown's Channel District is the SS American Victory, a former World War II Victory Ship which is now a used as a museum ship.
Tourism and recreation[link]
The city of Tampa operates over 165 parks and beaches covering 2,286 acres (9.25 km2) within city limits; 42 more in surrounding suburbs covering 70,000 acres (280 km2), are maintained by Hillsborough County. These areas include the Hillsborough River State Park, just northeast of the city. Tampa is also home to a number of attractions and theme parks, including Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, Adventure Island, Lowry Park Zoo, and Florida Aquarium.
Tampa's Lowry Park Zoo features over 2,000 animals, interactive exhibits, rides, educational shows and more. The zoo serves as an economic, cultural, environmental and educational anchor in Tampa.
Busch Gardens Tampa Bay is a 335-acre (1.36 km2) Africa-themed park located near the University of South Florida. It features many thrilling roller coasters, for which it is known, including Sheikra. Visitors can also view and interact with a number of African wildlife.
Adventure Island is a 30-acre (120,000 m2) water park adjacent to Busch Gardens. It features many water rides, dining, and other attractions typical to a water park.
The Florida Aquarium is a 250,000 sq ft (23,000 m2) aquarium located in the Channel District of Tampa. It hosts over 20,000 species of aquatic plants and animals. It is known for its unique glass architecture. Adjacent to the Aquarium is the SS American Victory, a World War II Victory ship preserved as a museum ship.
The Tampa Bay History Center is a museum of Tampa Bay History located in the Channel District, Tampa, Florida of Tampa. It boasts over 60,000 sq ft (5,600 m2) of exhibits through 12,000 years. Theaters, map gallery, research center and museum store.
Well-known shopping areas include International Plaza and Bay Street, WestShore Plaza, SoHo district, and Hyde Park Village.[127] Palma Ceia is also home to a shopping district, called Palma Ceia Design District.[128] Previously, Tampa had also been home to the Floriland Mall (now an office park), Tampa Bay Center (demolished and replaced with the new Tampa Bay Buccaneers training facility, known as "One Buc Place"), and East Lake Square Mall (now an office park).
Events[link]
Perhaps the most well known and anticipated events are those from Tampa's annual celebration of "Gasparilla", particularly the Gasparilla Pirate Festival, a mock pirate invasion held since 1904 in late January or early February. Often referred to as Tampa's "Mardi Gras", the invasion flotilla led by the pirate ship, Jose Gasparilla, and subsequent parade draw over 400,000 attendees, contributing tens of millions of dollars to the city's economy. Beyond the initial invasion, numerous Gasparilla festivities take place each year between January and March, including the Gasparilla Children's Parade, the more adult-oriented Sant'Yago Knight Parade, the Gasparilla Distance Classic, Gasparilla Festival of the Arts, and the Gasparilla International Film Festival, among other pirate themed events.[129]
Other notable events include the Outback Bowl, which is held New Year's Day at Raymond James Stadium. Each February, The Florida State Fair brings crowds from across the state, while "Fiesta Day" celebrates Tampa's Cuban, German, Italian, African-Cuban, Jewish and Spanish immigrant heritage. In April the MacDill Air Fest entertains as one of the largest military air shows in the U.S.. Guavaween, a nighttime street celebration infuses Halloween with the Latin flavor of Ybor City.[130] Ybor also hosts "GaYbor Days", an annual street party in the GLBT-friendly GaYbor district.[131] The Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, held annually since 1989, is the city's largest film festival event,[132] and one of the largest independent gay film festivals in the country.[133]
Religion[link]
Communities of faith have organized in Tampa from 1846, when a Methodist congregation established the city's first church,[134] to 1939, when a 21-year old Billy Graham began his career as a spiritual evangelist and preacher on downtown's Franklin Street,[135] and through to today. Among Tampa's noteworthy religious structures are Sacred Heart Catholic Church, a 1905 downtown landmark noted for its soaring, Romanesque revival construction in granite and marble with German-crafted stained glass windows,[136] the distinctive rock and mortar St. James Episcopal House of Prayer, listed with the U.S. historic registry,[137] and the St. Paul A.M.E. church, which has seen the likes of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,[135] and President Bill Clinton speak from its pulpit.[138] The later two have been designated by the city government as Local Landmark Structures.[139]
Tampa's religious community includes a broad representation of Christian denominations, including those above, and Presbyterian, Lutheran, Christian Science, Church of God, United Church of Christ, Philippine Independent Church, Unitarian Universalist, Metropolitan Community Church, Seventh-day Adventist, Eastern Orthodox (Greek, Coptic, Syrian, and OCA), various Pentecostal movements, Anglicans, the Quakers, Jehovah's Witnesses, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Tampa also has several Jewish synagogues practicing Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform.
Around the city are located a handful of mosques for followers of Islam, as well as a Tibetan-style Buddhist temple, a Thai Buddhist Wat,[140] and local worship centers for the Hindu and Bahá'í faiths. The Church of Scientology, based in nearby Clearwater, maintains a location for its congregants in Tampa.[141]
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in the Tampa Bay Area
Professional sports[link]
Tampa is represented by teams in three major professional sports leagues: the NFL, the NHL, and Major League Baseball. The NFL's Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning call Tampa home, while the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball play across the bay in St. Petersburg. As indicated by their names, these teams, plus several other sports teams, represent the entire Tampa Bay metropolitan area. In addition to these teams, the Orlando Magic of the NBA play about an hour and a half away from the Tampa area.
Football[link]
- The Tampa Bay Buccaneers began in 1976 as an expansion team of the NFL. They struggled mightily at first, losing their first 26 games in a row to set a league record for futility. After a brief taste of success in the late 1970s, the Bucs again returned to their losing ways, and at one point lost 10+ games for 12 seasons in a row. The hiring of Tony Dungy in 1996 started an improving trend that eventually led to the team's first Super Bowl title in 2002 under coach Jon Gruden.
- Tampa has hosted four Super Bowls: Super Bowl XVIII (1984), Super Bowl XXV (1991), Super Bowl XXXV (2001), and Super Bowl XLIII (2009). The first two events were held at old Tampa Stadium, and the last two at Raymond James Stadium.
- The Tampa Bay Storm moved to the area from Pittsburgh in 1991 and promptly won their first Arena Bowl championship. They have won four subsequent championships (1993, 1995, 1996, and 2003), more than any other Arena Football League team. The Storm played in Tropicana Field until 1997, when they moved to the Tampa Bay Times Forum.
Hockey[link]
- The NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning was established in 1992, and currently play their home games in the Tampa Bay Times, located in the Channelside district of downtown Tampa. In 2004, the team won their first Stanley Cup championship against the Calgary Flames.
Baseball[link]
Main article: Baseball in the Tampa Bay area
- The Tampa Bay area has long been home to spring training, minor league, and excellent amateur baseball. Accordingly, there was some cross-bay competition for a Major League Baseball franchise throughout the 1980s and 1990s until the Tampa Bay Rays (originally "Devil Rays") began playing in 1998 at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg. After a decade of futility, the Rays made it to the 2008 World Series and won the American League East in 2008 and 2010, and the American League Wild Card in 2011.
- In 2007, the team began the process of searching for a stadium site closer to the center of the area's population. Downtown Tampa has been mentioned as a possible location, among other sites.[142]
- Several Major League baseball teams conduct spring training in the area, and most also operate minor league teams in the Class-A Florida State League. The New York Yankees and the affiliated Tampa Yankees use George M. Steinbrenner Field across Dale Mabry Highway from Raymond James Stadium.
Soccer[link]
- The Tampa Bay Rowdies of the original North American Soccer League was the area's first major sports franchise, beginning play in Tampa Stadium in 1975. The Rowdies were an immediate success, drawing good crowds and winning the inaugural Soccer Bowl in their first season to bring Tampa its first professional sports championship. Though the NASL ceased operations in 1984, the Rowdies continued to compete in various indoor and outdoor soccer leagues until finally folding in 1993.
- A new incarnation of the Tampa Bay Rowdies compete in a new incarnation of the North American Soccer League. The team took the pitch as FC Tampa Bay in 2010 because of a licensing dispute over the "Rowdies" moniker and finally gained control of the old name and logos before the 2012 season. They played in George M. Steinbrenner field in Tampa during their first campaign and moved to Al Lang Field in St. Pete in 2011.
College sports[link]
- The University of South Florida began playing intercollegiate sports in 1965. The South Florida Bulls established a basketball team in 1971 and a football team in 1998. The football Bulls joined the Big East in 2005, and under former head coach Jim Leavitt, rose to as high as #2 in the BCS rankings in 2007.
- The University of Tampa Spartans, located in downtown Tampa, is the oldest active sports organization in the city, having begun play in 1933. "Tampa U" once had a successful Division I football program and was the first regular tenant of Tampa Stadium before giving up the sport in 1974. Today, UT competes at the NCAA Division II level in the Sunshine State Conference (SSC). UT is among the top schools in the SSC in both championships and student-athletes named to the Commissioner's Honor Roll.
Sister cities[link]
See also: List of sister cities in Florida
Tampa has formalized sister city agreements with the following cities:[143]
See also[link]
- Flag of Tampa
- Largest metropolitan areas in the Americas
- List of public art in Tampa, Florida
- Baldomero Lopez
- Mayors of Tampa, Florida
- Seal of Tampa
- United States cities by population
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Bibliography[link]
- Cinchett, John (2009). Vintage Tampa Signs and Scenes. Tampa: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-6836-2.
- Brown, Canter (1999). Tampa before the Civil War. Tampa: University of Tampa Press. ISBN 978-1-879852-64-8.
- Brown, Canter (2000). Tampa in Civil War & Reconstruction. Tampa: University of Tampa Press. ISBN 978-1-879852-68-6.
- Kerstein, Robert (2001). Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-2083-2.
- Lastra, Frank (2005). Ybor City: the Making of a Landmark Town. Tampa: University of Tampa Press. ISBN 978-1-59732-003-0.
- Milanich, Jerald (1995). Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1360-7.
- Mormino, Gary (1998). The Immigrant World of Ybor City. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1630-6.
- Pizzo, Anthony (1968). Tampa Town 1824–1886: Cracker Village with a Latin Accent. Tampa, Fl: Hurricane House.
- Pizzo, Anthony (1983). Tampa the Treasure City. Tulsa, OK: Continental Heritage Press. ISBN 978-0-932986-38-2.
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Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- City of Tampa Web site
- Tampa Bay Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Tampa Chamber of Commerce
- Tampa website dedicated to historic Tampa photographs
- Tampa Bay at the Open Directory Project
- Tampa Changing - Historical and modern photographs of Tampa
Coordinates: 27°58′15″N 82°27′53″W / 27.970898°N 82.46464°W / 27.970898; -82.46464
State of http://wn.com/Tampa,_Florida
Related pages:
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa,_Florida
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of Florida. For other uses, see Florida (disambiguation).
| State of Florida | |||||
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| Nickname(s): The Sunshine State | |||||
| Motto(s): In God We Trust | |||||
| State anthem: Florida, Where the Sawgrass Meets the Sky | |||||
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| Official language(s) | English[1] | ||||
| Spoken language(s) | English 74.5% Spanish 18.7%[2] |
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| Demonym | Floridian | ||||
| Capital | Tallahassee | ||||
| Largest city | Jacksonville | ||||
| Largest metro area | South Florida metro area | ||||
| Area | Ranked 22nd in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 65,755[3] sq mi (170,304[3] km2) |
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| - Width | 361 miles (582 km) | ||||
| - Length | 447 miles (721 km) | ||||
| - % water | 17.9 | ||||
| - Latitude | 24° 27′ N to 31° 00' N | ||||
| - Longitude | 80° 02′ W to 87° 38′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 4th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 19,057,542 (2011 est)[3] | ||||
| - Density | 353.4/sq mi (136.4/km2) Ranked 8th in the U.S. |
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| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Britton Hill[4][5] 345 ft (105 m) |
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| - Mean | 100 ft (30 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean[4] sea level |
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| Before statehood | Florida Territory | ||||
| Admission to Union | March 3, 1845 (27th) | ||||
| Governor | Rick Scott (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Jennifer Carroll (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Florida Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Bill Nelson (D) Marco Rubio (R) |
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| U.S. House delegation | 19 Republicans, 6 Democrats (list) | ||||
| Time zones | |||||
| - Peninsula and "Big Bend" region | Eastern: UTC -5/-4 | ||||
| - Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River | Central: UTC -6/-5 | ||||
| Abbreviations | FL Fla. US-FL | ||||
| Website | www.myflorida.com | ||||
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| The Flag of Florida. | |
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| Animate insignia | |
| Amphibian | Barking tree frog |
| Bird(s) | Northern Mockingbird |
| Butterfly | Zebra Longwing |
| Fish | Florida largemouth bass, Atlantic sailfish |
| Flower(s) | Orange blossom |
| Mammal(s) | Florida panther, Manatee, Bottle-nosed dolphin, Florida Cracker Horse[6] |
| Reptile | American Alligator, Loggerhead turtle[6] |
| Tree | Sabal Palmetto |
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| Inanimate insignia | |
| Beverage | Orange juice |
| Food | Key lime pie, Orange |
| Gemstone | Moonstone |
| Rock | agatized Coral |
| Shell | Horse conch |
| Soil | Myakka |
| Song(s) | "Old Folks at Home" ("Way Down Upon The Swanee River") |
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File:FlaCitiesMap.PNG
Map of Florida's incorporated municipalities
Florida (i/ˈflɒrɪdə/) is a state in the southeastern United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state capital is Tallahassee, its largest city is Jacksonville, and the South Florida metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S.
Much of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Its geography is marked by a coastline, by the omnipresence of water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state to border both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and its terrain is characterized by sedimentary soils. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.[7] Its symbolic animals like the American alligator, Florida panther and the manatee, can be found in the Everglades, one of the most famous national parks in the world.
Since the first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León – who named it La Florida ("Flowery Land") upon landing there during the Easter season, Pascua Florida[8] – Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Indians, and racial segregation after the American Civil War. Today, it is distinguished by its large Hispanic community, and high population growth, as well as its increasing environmental concerns. Its economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also known for its amusement parks, the production of oranges and the Kennedy Space Center.
Florida culture is a reflection of influences and multiple inheritance; Native American, European American, Hispanic and African American heritages can be found in the architecture and cuisine. Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for tennis, golf, auto racing and water sports.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Florida
See also: Seminole Wars and Florida in the American Civil War
Archaeological research indicates that Florida was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians, the first human inhabitants of the Americas, perhaps as early as 14 thousand years ago. The region was continuously inhabited through the Archaic period (to about 2000 BC). After about 500 BC the previously relatively uniform Archaic culture began to coalesce into distinctive local cultures.[10] By the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee (of the Florida Panhandle), the Timucua (of northern and central Florida), the Ais (of the central Atlantic coast), the Tocobaga (of the Tampa Bay area), the Calusa (of southwest Florida) and the Tequesta (of the southeastern coast).
Florida was the first part of what is now the continental United States to be visited by Europeans. The earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León, who spotted the peninsula on April 2, 1513. According to his chroniclers, Ponce de León named the region La Florida ("flowery land") because it was then the Easter Season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida (roughly "Flowery Easter"), and because the vegetation was in bloom.[11] It is possible Juan Ponce de León was not the first European to reach Florida, however; reportedly, at least one indigenous tribesman whom he encountered in Florida in 1513 spoke Spanish.[12] From 1513 onward, the land became known as "La Florida", although after 1630 and throughout the 18th century, Tegesta (after the Tequesta tribe) was an alternate name of choice for the Florida peninsula following publication of a map by the Dutch cartographer Hessel Gerritsz in Joannes de Laet's History of the New World.[13][14]
Over the following century, both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida with varying degrees of success. In 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a colony at present-day Pensacola, one of the first European attempts at settlement in the continental United States. It was abandoned by 1561 due to hurricanes, famine and warring tribes, and the area was not re-inhabited until the 1690s. French Protestant Huguenots founded Fort Caroline in modern-day Jacksonville in 1564. The following year, the Spanish colony of St. Augustine (San Agustín) was established, and forces from there conquered Fort Caroline that same year. The Spanish maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the local tribes, briefly with Jesuits and later with Franciscan friars.
The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English colonies to the north and French colonies to the west. The English weakened Spanish power in the area by supplying their Creek and Yamasee allies with firearms and urging them to raid the Timucuan and Apalachee client-tribes of the Spanish. The English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times, while the citizens hid behind the walls of the Castillo de San Marcos.
Florida was attracting a large number of Africans and African Americans from British-occupied North America who sought freedom from slavery. Once in Florida, the Spanish Crown converted them to Roman Catholicism and gave them freedom. Those ex-slaves settled in a community north of St. Augustine, called Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose, the first freedom settlement of its kind in what became the United States. Many of those slaves were also welcomed by Creek and Seminole Native Americans who had established settlements there at the invitation of the Spanish government.
Great Britain gained control of Florida and other territory diplomatically in 1763 through the Peace of Paris. The British divided their new acquisitions into East Florida, with its capital at St. Augustine, and West Florida, with its capital at Pensacola. Britain tried to develop the Floridas through the importation of immigrants for labor, but this project ultimately failed. Spain received both Floridas after Britain's defeat by the American colonies and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles in 1783, continuing the division into East and West Florida. They offered land grants to anyone who settled in the colonies, and many Americans moved to them.
After settler attacks on Indian towns, Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, purportedly at the behest of the Spanish. The United States Army led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known as the First Seminole War. Following the war, the United States effectively controlled East Florida. In 1819, by terms of the Adams-Onís Treaty, Spain ceded Florida to the United States in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on Texas that they might have from the Louisiana Purchase and $5 million.
In 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from their lands in Florida. To the chagrin of Georgia landowners, the Seminoles harbored and integrated runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the United States government signed the Treaty of Payne's Landing with some of the Seminole chiefs, promising them lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida voluntarily. Many of the Seminoles left at this time, while those who remained prepared to defend their claims to the land. The U.S. Army arrived in 1835 to enforce the treaty under pressure from white settlers, and the Second Seminole War began at the end of the year with the Dade Massacre, when Seminoles ambushed and killed or mortally wounded all but one in a group of 110 Army troops, plus Major Dade and seven officers, marching from Fort Brooke (Tampa) to reinforce Fort King (Ocala).[15] Between 900 and 1,500 Seminole Indian warriors employed guerrilla tactics against United States Army troops for seven years until 1842. The U.S. government is estimated to have spent between $20 million and $40 million on the war, at the time an astronomical sum.
On March 3, 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the United States of America, although initially its population grew slowly. White settlers continued to encroach on lands used by the Seminoles, and the United States government resolved to make another effort to move the remaining Seminoles to the West. The Third Seminole War lasted from 1855 to 1858, and resulted in the removal of most of the remaining Seminoles. Even after three bloody wars, the U.S. Army failed to force all of the Seminole Indians in Florida to the West.[16] Though most of the Seminoles were forcibly exiled to Creek lands west of the Mississippi, hundreds, including Seminole leader Aripeka (Sam Jones), remained in the Everglades and refused to leave the native homeland of their ancestors. Their descendants remain there to this day.
White settlers began to establish cotton plantations in Florida, which required numerous laborers. By 1860 Florida had only 140,424 people, of whom 44% were enslaved. There were fewer than 1000 free African Americans before the Civil War.[17]
On January 10, 1861, before the start of the American Civil War, Florida declared its secession from the Union; ten days later, the state became a founding member of the Confederate States of America. The war ended in 1865. On June 25, 1868, Florida's congressional representation was restored. After Reconstruction, white Democrats succeeded in regaining power in the state legislature. In 1885 they created a new constitution, followed by statutes through 1889 that effectively disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites over the next several years. Provisions included poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements. Disfranchisement for most African Americans in the state persisted until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s gained federal legislation to protect their suffrage.
Until the mid-20th century, Florida was the least populous Southern state. In 1900 its population was only 528,542, of whom nearly 44% were African American.[18] The boll weevil devastated cotton crops, and early 20th century lynchings and racial violence caused a record number of African Americans to leave the state in the Great Migration to northern and midwestern industrial cities. Forty thousand blacks, roughly one-fifth of their 1900 population, left for better opportunities.[19] Economic prosperity in the 1920s stimulated tourism to Florida. Combined with its sudden elevation in profile was the Florida land boom of the 1920s, which brought a brief period of intense land development. Devastating hurricanes in 1926 and 1928, followed by the stock market crash and Great Depression, brought that period to a halt.
Florida's economy did not fully recover until the buildup for World War II. The climate, tempered by the growing availability of air conditioning, and low cost of living made the state a haven. Migration from the Rust Belt and the Northeast sharply increased the population after the war. In recent decades, more migrants have come for the jobs in a developing economy. With a population of more than 18 million according to the 2010 census, Florida is the most populous state in the Southeastern United States, the second most populous state in the South behind Texas, and the fourth most populous in the United States.
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St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States, established in 1565 by Spain
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Historic Ybor City in Tampa
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The Downtown Miami Historic District has some of the oldest buildings in Miami
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Miami Art Deco District, built throughout the 1920-1930s
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Florida
See also: List of counties in Florida and List of Florida state parks
Much of the state of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean and the Straits of Florida. Spanning two time zones, it extends to the northwest into a panhandle, extending along the northern Gulf of Mexico. It is bordered on the north by the states of Georgia and Alabama, and on the west, at the end of the panhandle, by Alabama. It is near several Caribbean countries, particularly The Bahamas and Cuba. Florida is one of the largest states east of the Mississippi River, and only Alaska and Michigan are larger in water area.
At 345 feet (105 m) above mean sea level, Britton Hill is the highest point in Florida and the lowest highpoint of any U.S. state.[20] Much of the state south of Orlando is low-lying and fairly level; however, some places, such as Clearwater, feature vistas that rise 50 to 100 feet (15 – 30 m) above the water. Much of Central and North Florida, typically 25 miles (40 km) or more away from the coastline, features rolling hills with elevations ranging from 100 to 250 feet (30 – 76 m). The highest point in peninsular Florida, Sugarloaf Mountain, is a 312-foot (95 m) peak in Lake County.[21]
Boundaries[link]
The state line begins in the Atlantic Ocean, traveling west, south, and north up the thalweg of the Saint Mary's River. At the origin of that river, it then follows a straight line nearly due west and slightly north, to the point where the confluence of the Flint River (from Georgia) and the Chattahoochee River (down the Alabama/Georgia line) used to form Florida's Apalachicola River. (Since Woodruff Dam was built, this point has been under Lake Seminole.) The border with Georgia continues north through the lake for a short distance up the former thalweg of the Chattahoochee, then with Alabama runs due west along latitude 31°N to the Perdido River, then south along its thalweg to the Gulf via Perdido Bay. The water boundary is 3 nautical miles (3.5 mi; 5.6 km) offshore in the Atlantic Ocean[22] and 9 nautical miles (10 mi; 17 km) offshore in the Gulf of Mexico.[22] Much of the state is at or near sea level.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Florida
The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is very distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), while coastal areas south of the lake (including the Florida Keys) have a true tropical climate (Köppen: Aw).[23] Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s Fahrenheit (32–34 °C). Mean low temperatures for early to mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to the mid-50s (≈13 °C) in southern Florida. With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country.[24]
In the summer, high temperatures in the state seldom exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Several record cold maxima have been in the 30s °F (−1 to 4 °C) and record lows have been in the 10s (−12 to −7 °C). These temperatures normally extend at most a few days at a time in the northern and central parts of Florida. Southern Florida, however, rarely encounters freezing temperatures.
The hottest temperature ever recorded in Florida was 109 °F (43 °C), which was set on June 29, 1931 in Monticello. The coldest temperature was −2 °F (−19 °C), on February 13, 1899, just 25 miles (40 km) away, in Tallahassee.
Due to the tropical climate Florida rarely receives snow. However, on very rare occasions, a combination of cold moisture and freezing temperatures can result in snowfall. Frost is more common than snow, occurring several times during the winter months.
The USDA Plant hardiness zones for the state range from zone 8a (no colder than 10 °F (−12 °C)) in the inland western panhandle to zone 11 (no colder than 40 °F (4 °C)) in the lower Florida Keys.[25]
Florida's nickname is the "Sunshine State", but severe weather is a common occurrence in the state. Central Florida is known as the lightning capital of the United States, as it experiences more lightning strikes than anywhere else in the country. [26] Florida has the highest average precipitation of any state,[citation needed] in large part because afternoon thunderstorms are common in most of the state from late spring until early autumn. A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually.[27]
Florida leads the United States in tornadoes per area (when including waterspouts)[28] but they do not typically reach the intensity of those in the Midwest and Great Plains. Hail often accompanies the most severe thunderstorms.
Hurricanes pose a severe threat during hurricane season, which lasts from June 1 to November 30, although some storms have been known to form out of season. Florida is the most hurricane-prone state, with subtropical or tropical water on a lengthy coastline. From 1851 to 2006, Florida has been struck by 114 hurricanes, 37 of them major—category 3 and above.[29] It is rare for a hurricane season to pass without any impact in the state by at least a tropical storm. For storms, category 4 or higher, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas.[29] August to October is the most likely period for a hurricane in Florida.
In 2004, Florida was hit by a record four hurricanes. Hurricanes Charley (August 13), Frances (September 4–5), Ivan (September 16), and Jeanne (September 25–26) cumulatively cost the state's economy $42 billion. Additionally, the four storms caused an estimated $45 billion in damage. [30] In 2005, Hurricane Dennis (July 10) became the fifth storm to strike Florida within eleven months. Later, Hurricane Katrina (August 25) passed through South Florida and Hurricane Rita (September 20) swept through the Florida Keys. Hurricane Wilma (October 24) made landfall near Cape Romano, just south of Marco Island, finishing another very active hurricane season. Wilma is the second most expensive hurricane in Florida history, due in part to a five year window in which to file claims.[31]
Florida was the site of the second costliest weather disaster in U.S. history, Hurricane Andrew, which caused more than $25 billion in damage when it struck on August 24, 1992. In a long list of other infamous hurricane strikes are the 1926 Miami hurricane, the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, Hurricane Donna in 1960, and Hurricane Opal in 1995. Recent research suggests the number of storms are part of a natural cycle which rises in some years, falls in others.[32][33]
| Average High and Low temperatures for various Florida Cities | ||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| Jacksonville[34] | 65/42 | 68/45 | 74/50 | 79/55 | 86/63 | 90/70 | 92/73 | 91/73 | 87/69 | 80/61 | 74/51 | 67/44 |
| Key West[35] | 75/65 | 76/66 | 79/69 | 82/72 | 85/76 | 88/78 | 89/80 | 90/80 | 88/78 | 85/76 | 80/71 | 76/67 |
| Melbourne[36] | 72/51 | 73/53 | 77/57 | 81/61 | 85/67 | 88/71 | 90/73 | 90/73 | 88/72 | 83/67 | 78/60 | 73/53 |
| Miami[37] | 76/60 | 78/62 | 80/65 | 83/68 | 87/73 | 89/76 | 91/77 | 91/77 | 89/76 | 86/73 | 82/68 | 78/63 |
| Orlando[36] | 71/49 | 74/52 | 78/56 | 83/60 | 88/66 | 91/72 | 92/74 | 92/74 | 90/73 | 85/66 | 78/59 | 73/52 |
| Pensacola[38] | 61/43 | 64/46 | 70/51 | 76/58 | 84/66 | 89/72 | 90/74 | 90/74 | 87/70 | 80/60 | 70/50 | 63/45 |
| Tallahassee[39] | 64/39 | 68/42 | 74/47 | 80/52 | 87/62 | 91/70 | 92/72 | 92/72 | 89/68 | 82/57 | 73/48 | 66/41 |
| Tampa[40] | 70/51 | 73/54 | 77/58 | 81/62 | 88/69 | 90/74 | 90/75 | 91/76 | 89/74 | 85/67 | 78/60 | 72/54 |
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The Royal Poinciana grows in South Florida and blooms in the winter, an indication of South Florida's tropical climate
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Summer afternoon showers from the Everglades traveling eastward over Downtown Miami
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Fall foliage occurs annually in North and Central Florida.
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Snow is uncommon in Florida, but has occurred in every major Florida city at least once.
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Winter in Miami. Miami's mild winters make it a major tourist destination in the winter.
Fauna[link]
Further information: List of mammals of Florida
Florida is host to many types of wildlife including:
- Marine Mammals: Bottlenose Dolphin, Short-finned Pilot Whale, North Atlantic Right Whale, West Indian Manatee
- Mammals: Florida panther, Northern River Otter, Mink, Eastern Cottontail Rabbit, Marsh Rabbit, Raccoon, Striped Skunk, Squirrel, White-tailed deer, Key Deer, Bobcats, Gray Fox, Coyote, Wild Boar, Florida Black Bear, Nine-banded Armadillos
- Reptiles: Eastern Diamondback and Pygmy Rattlesnakes, Gopher Tortoise, Green and Leatherback Sea Turtles, and Eastern Indigo Snake. In 2012, there were about one million American Alligators and 1,500 Crocodiles.[41]
- Birds: Bald Eagle, Northern Caracara, Snail Kite, Osprey, White and Brown Pelicans, Sea Gulls, Whooping and Sandhill Cranes, Roseate Spoonbill, Florida Scrub Jay (state endemic), and others. One subspecies of Wild Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, namely subspecies osceola, is found only in the state of Florida.[42] The state is a wintering location for many species of eastern North American birds.
- Invertebrates: carpenter ants, termites, American cockroach, Africanized bees, the Miami blue butterfly, and the grizzled mantis.
The only known calving area for the Northern Right Whale is off the coasts of Florida and Georgia.[43]
The native bear population has risen from a historic low of 300 in the 1970s, to 3,000 in 2011.[44]
Since their accidental importation from South America into North America in the 1930s, the Red imported fire ant population has increased its territorial range to include most of the Southern United States, including Florida. They are more aggressive than most native ant species and have a painful sting.[45]
A number of non-native snakes and lizards have been released in the wild. In 2010 the state created a hunting season for Burmese and Indian pythons, African rock pythons, green anacondas, and Nile monitor lizards.[46] Green iguanas have also established a firm population in the southern part of the state.
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Key Deer in the lower Florida Keys
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The Florida Scrub Jay is found only in Florida.
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Florida Panther, native of South Florida
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Babyleatherbackseaturtle.jpg
Environmental issues[link]
Main article: Environment of Florida
File:Crandon Park Modified.jpg
The beaches of Key Biscayne in Miami
Florida is a low per capita energy user.[47] It is estimated that approximately 4% of energy in the state is generated through renewable resources.[48] Florida's energy production is 6% of the nation's total energy output, while total production of pollutants is lower, with figures of 5.6% for nitrogen oxide, 5.1% for carbon dioxide, and 3.5% for sulfur dioxide.[48]
It is believed that significant petroleum resources are located off Florida's western coast in the Gulf of Mexico, but that region has been closed to exploration since 1981.[49]
Red tide has been an issue on the southwest coast of Florida, as well as other areas. While there has been a great deal of conjecture over the cause of the toxic algae bloom, there is no evidence that it is being caused by pollution or that there has been an increase in the duration or frequency of red tides.[50]
The Florida panther is close to extinction. A record 23 were killed in 2009 predominately by automobile collisions, leaving only about 100 individuals in the wild. The Center for Biological Diversity and others have therefore called for a special protected area for the panther to be established.[51] Manatees are also dying at a rate higher than their reproduction.
Prior to instituting controlled burns, the state forests and pastures burned for months during the dry season. From the 1940s to the 1970s, the state and federal government assumed control of burning that largely prevented uncontrolled fires.[52] In 2010, the state burned a record 2,600,000 acres (11,000 km2).[53]
Recycling[link]
The recycling rate in Florida is estimated at 28% in 2000.[54] In 2008, The Energy, Climate Change, and Economic Security Act of 2008 set a goal of progressively improving recycling to reach a 75 percent rate by the year 2020.
It directs public entities (schools, state and local public agencies) to report the amount they recycle annually to their counties. Private businesses are encouraged (but not mandated) to report the amount they recycle to their counties. Finally, the section directs DEP to create the Recycling Business Assistance Center.[55] Under the new law, each county must implement a recyclable materials recycling program that shall have a goal of recycling recyclable solid waste by 40 percent by December 31, 2012, 50 percent by 2014, 60 percent by 2016, 70 percent by 2018, and 75 percent by 2020.[56] The county with the highest recycling rate is Lee County with a 43% recycling rate as of 2008.[57]
Geology[link]
The Florida peninsula is a porous plateau of karst limestone sitting atop bedrock known as the Florida Platform. The emergent portion of the platform was created during the Eocene to Oligocene as the Gulf Trough filled with silts, clays, and sands. Flora and fauna began appearing during the Miocene. No land animals were present in Florida prior to the Miocene.
The largest deposits of potash in the United States are found in Florida.[58]
Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna.[59] The Everglades, an enormously wide, very slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010.[60]
Florida is tied for last place[61] as having the fewest earthquakes of any US state.[62] Because Florida is not located near any tectonic plate boundaries, earthquakes are very rare, but not totally unknown.
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake triggered a tsunami that would have struck Central Florida with an estimated 5-foot (1.5 m) wave.[63]
In January, 1879, a shock of Mercalli intensity scale VI occurred near St. Augustine. There were reports of heavy shaking that knocked plaster from walls and articles from shelves. Similar effects were noted at Daytona Beach 50 miles (80 km) south. The tremor was felt as far south as Tampa and as far north as Savannah, Georgia.
In January 1880, Cuba was the center of two strong earthquakes that sent severe shock waves through the city of Key West, Florida.[64]
The shock from the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake was felt throughout northern Florida, ringing church bells at St. Augustine and severely jolting other towns along that section of Florida's east coast. Jacksonville residents felt many of the strong aftershocks that occurred in September, October, and November 1886.[65]
In 2006, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake centered about 260 miles (420 km) southwest of Tampa in the Gulf of Mexico sent shock waves through southwest and central Florida. The earthquake was too small to trigger a tsunami and no damage was reported.[66]|
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Bahia Honda in the Florida Keys
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Ocala National Forest in North Florida
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Florida
Population[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1830 | 34,730 |
|
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| 1840 | 54,477 | 56.9% | |
| 1850 | 87,445 | 60.5% | |
| 1860 | 140,424 | 60.6% | |
| 1870 | 187,748 | 33.7% | |
| 1880 | 269,493 | 43.5% | |
| 1890 | 391,422 | 45.2% | |
| 1900 | 528,542 | 35.0% | |
| 1910 | 752,619 | 42.4% | |
| 1920 | 968,470 | 28.7% | |
| 1930 | 1,468,211 | 51.6% | |
| 1940 | 1,897,414 | 29.2% | |
| 1950 | 2,771,305 | 46.1% | |
| 1960 | 4,951,560 | 78.7% | |
| 1970 | 6,789,443 | 37.1% | |
| 1980 | 9,746,324 | 43.6% | |
| 1990 | 12,937,926 | 32.7% | |
| 2000 | 15,982,378 | 23.5% | |
| 2010 | 18,801,310 | 17.6% | |
| Sources: 1910–2010[67] | |||
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 19,057,542 on July 1, 2011, a 1.36% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[68] The center of population of Florida is located in Polk County, in the town of Lake Wales.[69] As of 2009, Florida's population was estimated to be 18,537,969. The state grew 128,814, or 0.7% from 2007. Using the latest population estimates, Florida is the nation's thirtieth-fastest-growing state. During Florida's recent peak growth year of 2005, it was the nation's fifth fastest growing state and grew at an annual rate of 2.2%.[70]
About two-thirds of the population was born in another state, the second highest in the country.[71]
The state had the third largest illegal immigrant population in the country in 2009.[72] In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 5.7% of the population. This was the sixth highest percentage of any state in the country.[73][74] There were an estimated 675,000 illegal immigrants in the state in 2010.[75]
There were 186,102 military retirees living in the state in 2008.[76]
Racial makeup[link]
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, Florida had a population of 18,801,310. In terms of race and ethnicity, the state was:
- 75.0% White (57.9% Non-Hispanic White alone)
- 16.0% Black or African American
- 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native
- 2.4% Asian
- 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
- 3.6% from Some Other Race
- 2.5% from Two or More Races
- Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 22.5% of the population.[77]
Ancestry groups[link]
The largest reported ancestries in the 2000 Census were German (11.8%), Irish (10.3%), English (9.2%), American (8%), Italian (6.3%), Cuban (5.2%), Puerto Rican (3.0%) French (2.8%), Polish (2.7%) and Scottish (1.8%).[78]
In the 2000 Census, 1,278,586 people in Florida self-identified as having "American" ancestry, most of these people are of English descent and some are of Scots-Irish descent however have families that have been in the state so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they choose to identify simply as having "American" ancestry or do not in fact know their own ancestry.[78][79][80][81][82][83] In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians citing that they were of English or mostly English ancestry.[84] Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominately English stock. They were followed by Irish at 1,617,433.
Before the American Civil War, when slavery was legal, and during the Reconstruction era that followed, blacks made up nearly half of the state's population.[85] Their proportion declined over the next century, as many moved north in the Great Migration while large numbers of northern whites moved to the state. In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population.[86] Recently, the state's proportion of black residents has begun to grow again. Today, large concentrations of black residents can be found in northern Florida (notably in Jacksonville, Gainesville, Tallahassee, and Pensacola), the Tampa Bay area, the Orlando area, especially in Orlando and Sanford.
Florida's Hispanic population includes large communities of Cuban Americans in Miami and Tampa, Puerto Ricans in Orlando and Tampa, and Central American migrant workers in inland West-Central and South Florida. The Hispanic community continues to grow more affluent and mobile.
White Americans of all European backgrounds are present in all areas of the state. Those of English and Irish ancestry are present in large numbers in all the urban/suburban areas across the state. Native white Floridians, especially those who have descended from long-time Florida families, affectionately refer to themselves as "Florida crackers". Like whites in most of the other Southern states, they descend mainly from English and Scots-Irish settlers, as well as some other British settlers.[87]
Cities and metropolitan areas[link]
See also: List of urbanized areas in Florida (by population), Florida census statistical areas, List of municipalities in Florida, and Florida locations by per capita income
File:Floridamap2.png
Largest cities in Florida and Metropolitan Statistical Areas
| Largest cities in Florida | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Year of Incorporation | Metropolitan Area | Population (2010 census) |
Population Density (people per mi2) |
City's Size (mi2) |
| 1 | Jacksonville | 1832 | Greater Jacksonville | &10000000000821784000000821,784 | &100000000000010615999991,061.6 | &10000000000000885000000885 |
| 2 | Miami | 1896 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000408568000000408,568 | &1000000000001213950000012,139.5 | &1000000000000005529999955.3 |
| 3 | Tampa | 1855 | Tampa Bay | &10000000000335709000000335,709 | &100000000000029695999992,969.6 | &10000000000000170599999170.6 |
| 4 | Saint Petersburg | 1903 | Tampa Bay | &10000000000244769000000244,769 | &100000000000018000000001,800 | &10000000000000137599999137.6 |
| 5 | Orlando | 1885 | Greater Orlando | &10000000000238300000000238,300 | &100000000000023273000002,327.3 | &10000000000000110700000110.7 |
| 6 | Hialeah | 1925 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000224669000000224,669 | &1000000000001170120000011,701.2 | &1000000000000001969999919.7 |
| 7 | Tallahassee | 1825 | Tallahassee | &10000000000181376000000181,376 | &100000000000018092999991,809.3 | &10000000000000103099999103.1 |
| 8 | Fort Lauderdale | 1911 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000165521000000165,521 | &100000000000052218000005,221.8 | &1000000000000003600000036.0 |
| 9 | Port Saint Lucie | 1961 | Port St. Lucie | &10000000000164603000000164,603 | &100000000000014445000001,444.5 | &1000000000000007670000076.7 |
| 10 | Pembroke Pines | 1960 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000154750000000154,750 | &100000000000046718999994,671.9 | &1000000000000003439999934.4 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
The largest metropolitan area in the state as well as the entire southeastern United States is the South Florida metropolitan area, with about 5.5 million people. The Tampa Bay area, with over 2.7 million people, is the second largest metro area and Greater Orlando, with over 2.1 million people, is the third.
Florida has twenty Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Thirty-nine of Florida's sixty-seven counties are in an MSA. Reflecting the distribution of population in Florida, Metropolitan areas in the state are concentrated around the coast of the peninsula. They form a continuous band on the east coast of Florida, stretching from the Jacksonville MSA to the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach MSA, including every county on the east coast, with the exception of Monroe County. There is also a continuous band of MSAs on the west coast of the peninsula from the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA to the Naples-Marco Island MSA, including all of the coastal counties from Hernando County to Collier County. The interior of the northern half of the peninsula also has several MSAs, connecting the east and west coast MSAs. A few MSAs are scattered across the Florida panhandle.
-
Sarasota Florida - 83d40m - from mainland across bay front to Gulf of Mexico - new bridge.JPG
Languages[link]
As of 2005, 74.54% of Florida residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a first language, while 18.65% spoke Spanish, and French Creole (almost entirely Haitian Creole) was spoken by 1.73% of the population. In all, 25.45% of Florida's population age 5 and older spoke a language other than English.[88]
Florida's public education system identified over 150 first languages other than English spoken in the homes of students.[citation needed] In 1990, the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) won a class action lawsuit against the state Florida Department of Education that required educators to be trained in teaching English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL).[citation needed]
Article II, Section 9, of the Florida Constitution provides that "English is the official language of the State of Florida." This provision was adopted in 1988 by a vote following an Initiative Petition.
Religion[link]
As of the year 2000, the three largest denominational groups in Florida are Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, and Mainline Protestant.[89]
Florida is mostly Protestant, but Roman Catholicism is the single largest denomination in the state. There is also a sizable Jewish community, located mainly in South Florida; this is the largest Jewish population in the south and the third largest in the country behind New York and California.[90] Florida's current religious affiliations are shown in the table below:[91]
- Roman Catholic, 26%
- Protestant, 48%
- Baptist, 9%
- Methodist, 6%
- Pentecostal, 3%
- Jewish, 3%
- Jehovah's Witness, 1%
- Muslim, 1%
- Orthodox, 1%
- other religions, 1%
- non-religious, 16%
Governance[link]
Main article: Government of Florida
See also: List of Florida Governors, United States Congressional Delegations from Florida, and Florida Cabinet
The basic structure, duties, function, and operations of the government of the state of Florida are defined and established by the Florida Constitution, which establishes the basic law of the state and guarantees various rights and freedoms of the people. The state government consists of three separate branches: judicial, executive, and legislative. The legislature enacts bills, which, if signed by the governor, become Florida Statutes.
The Florida Legislature comprises the Florida Senate, which has 40 members, and the Florida House of Representatives, which has 120 members. The current Governor of Florida is Rick Scott. The Florida Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and six Justices.
There are 67 Counties in Florida, but some reports show only 66 because of Duval County, which is consolidated with the City of Jacksonville. There are 379 cities in Florida (out of 411) that report regularly to the Florida Department of Revenue, but there are other incorporated municipalities that do not. The primary source of revenue for the state government is sales tax (Florida does not impose a personal income tax), but the primary revenue source for cities and counties is property tax.
Political history[link]
From 1885 to 1889, the state legislature passed statutes with provisions to reduce voting by blacks and poor whites, which had threatened white Democratic power with a populist coalition. As these groups were stripped from voter rolls, white Democrats established power in a one-party state, as happened across the South. In 1900 African Americans comprised 44% of the state's population,[92] the same proportion as before the Civil War, but they were effectively disfranchised. From 1877 to 1948, Florida voted for the Democratic candidate for president in every election except for the 1928 election.
In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the Great Migration, in waves from 1910–1940, and again starting in the later 1940s. They moved for jobs, better education for their children and the chance to vote and participate in society. Given migration of other groups into Florida (as noted in other sections of this article), by 1960 the proportion of African Americans in the state had declined to 18%.[93]
Further information: Political party strength in Florida
Since 1952, despite having a majority of registered Democrats, the state has voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for the 1964, 1976, and 1996 elections, when the Democrat was from the South, and the 2008 election, which was the first time since Franklin D. Roosevelt that Florida had voted for a Northern Democrat. The first post-reconstruction Republican congressional representative was elected in 1954.[94] The state's first post-reconstruction Republican senator was elected in 1968,[95] two years after the first post-reconstruction Republican governor.[96]
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 48.22% 4,045,624 | 50.96% 4,282,074 |
| 2004 | 52.10% 3,964,522 | 47.09% 3,583,544 |
| 2000 | 48.85% 2,912,790 | 48.84% 2,912,253 |
| 1996 | 42.32% 2,244,536 | 48.02% 2,546,870 |
| 1992 | 40.89% 2,173,310 | 39.00% 2,072,698 |
| 1988 | 60.87% 2,618,885 | 38.51% 1,656,701 |
| 1984 | 65.32% 2,730,350 | 34.66% 1,448,816 |
| 1980 | 55.52% 2,046,951 | 38.50% 1,419,475 |
| 1976 | 46.64% 1,469,531 | 51.93% 1,636,000 |
| 1972 | 71.91% 1,857,759 | 27.80% 718,117 |
| 1968 | 40.53% 886,804 | 30.93% 676,794 |
| 1964 | 48.85% 905,941 | 51.15% 948,540 |
| 1960 | 51.51% 795,476 | 48.49% 748,700 |
In 1998, Democrats were described as most dominant in areas of the state with high percentages of racial minorities, as well as transplanted white liberals coming primarily from the Northeastern United States.[97] The South Florida metropolitan area was a good example of this as it had a particularly high level of both racial minorities and white liberals. Because of this, the area has been one of the most Democratic areas of the state. The Daytona Beach area has been, to a lesser extent, somewhat similar to South Florida demographically and the city of Orlando had a large Hispanic population, which often favored Democrats. Republicans remain dominant throughout much of the rest of Florida particularly in the more rural and suburban areas, as is the case throughout the Deep South.[97]
The fast growing I-4 corridor area, which runs through Central Florida and connects the cities of Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, had a fairly similar number of both Republican and Democratic voters. The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion making it the biggest swing area in the state. In recent times, whichever way the I-4 corridor area, containing 40% of Florida voters, votes has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections.[98]
The Democratic Party has maintained an edge in voter registration, both statewide and in 40 of the 67 counties, including Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and Palm Beach County, the state's three most populous counties.[99]
There were 800 federal corruption convictions from 1988 to 2007, more than any other state.[100]
Recent elections[link]
Main article: United States presidential election in Florida, 2000
In 2000, George W. Bush won the U.S. Presidential election by a margin of 271–266 in the Electoral College.[101] Of the 271 electoral votes for Bush, 25 were cast by electors from Florida.[102] Reapportionment following the 2000 United States Census gave the state two more seats in the House of Representatives.[103]
Despite the Democratic advantage in registration, as of 2008, Republicans controlled the governorship and most other statewide elective offices; both houses of the state legislature; and 15 of the state's 25 seats in the House of Representatives. Florida has been listed as a swing state in Presidential elections since 1950, voting for the losing candidate once in that period of time.[104] In the closely contested 2000 election the state played a pivotal role.[101][102][105][106][107][108]
In 2008, delegates of both the Republican Florida primary election and Democratic Florida primary election were stripped of half of their votes when the conventions met in August due to violation of both parties' national rules.
In the 2010 elections, Republicans solidified their dominance state-wide, by winning the governor's mansion, maintaining firm majorities in both houses of the state legislature. They won four previously Democratic-held seats to create a 19–6 Republican majority delegation representing Florida in the federal House of Representatives. As a result of the 2010 United States Census, Florida will gain two House of Representative seats in 2012.[103]
Statutes[link]
All potable water resources have been controlled by the state government through five regional water authorities since 1972.[109]
The state repealed mandatory auto inspection in 1981.[110]
In 1972, the state made personal injury protection auto insurance mandatory for drivers, becoming the second in the nation to enact a no-fault insurance law. The ease of receiving payments under this law is seen as precipitating a major increase in insurance fraud.[111] Auto insurance fraud was the highest in the nation in 2011, estimated at close to $1 billion.[112] Fraud is particularly centered in the Miami-Dade metropolitan and Tampa areas.[113][114][115]
Law enforcement[link]
Further information: List of law enforcement agencies in Florida and Crime in Florida
Florida was ranked the fifth most dangerous state in 2009. Ranking was based on the record of serious felonies committed in 2008.[116]
The state was the sixth highest scammed state in 2010. It ranked first in mortgage fraud in 2009.[117]
In 2009, 44% of highway fatalities involved alcohol.[118]
Florida is one of seven states that prohibit the open carry of handguns. This law was passed in 1987.[119]
Health[link]
There were 2.7 million Medicaid patients in Florida in 2009. The governor has proposed adding $2.6 billion to care for the expected 300,000 additional patients in 2011.[120] The cost of caring for 2.3 million clients in 2010 was $18.8 billion.[121] This is nearly 30% of Florida's budget.[122]
Medicaid paid for 60% of all births in Florida in 2009.[31]
The state has a program for those not covered by Medicaid.
Some people suffer from various allergies from plants at varying seasons including pollen from oak trees and juniper shrubs.[123]
Architecture[link]
While many houses and commercial buildings look similar to those elsewhere in the country, the state has appropriated some unique styles in some section of the state including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style.[124][125]
Economy[link]
File:Brickell1.JPG
The Brickell Financial District in Miami contains the largest concentration of international banks in the United States.[126][127]
Historically, the economy of Florida was dependent on agricultural products such as citrus, sugar, cotton and cattle. In the twentieth century, tourism, industry, construction, international banking, biomedical and life sciences, healthcare research, simulation training, aerospace and defense, and commercial space travel have contributed.[citation needed]
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Florida in 2010 was $748 billion.[128] Its GDP is the fourth largest economy in the United States.[129] In 2010, it became the fourth largest exporter of trade goods.[130] The major contributors to the state's gross output in 2007 were general services, financial services, trade, transportation and public utilities, manufacturing and construction respectively. In 2010–11, the state budget was $70.5 billion, having reached a high of $73.8 billion in 2006–07.[131] Chief Executive Magazine name Florida the third "Best State for Business" in 2011.[132]
The economy is driven almost entirely by its nineteen metropolitan areas. In 2004, they had a combined total of 95.7% of the state's domestic product.[133]
Personal income[link]
Preliminary data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis shows that in 2011, per capita personal income was $39,563, ranking 27th in the nation.[134]
The state was one of the few states to not have a state minimum wage law of its own and was therefore obliged to follow federal minimum wage law. This changed in 2004, when voters passed a constitutional amendment establishing a state minimum wage and (unique among minimum wage laws) mandating that it be adjusted for inflation annually. For 2010, the calculated Florida minimum wage was lower than the federal rate of $7.25, so the federal rate controlled.[135]
Florida is one of the seven states that do not impose a personal income tax.
According to a study by Experian, Florida has 4 cities in the top 25 cities in the country with the most credit card debt.[136]
There were 2.4 million Floridians living in poverty in 2008. 18.4% of children 18 and younger were living in poverty.[137] Miami is the sixth poorest big city in the United States.[138]
The state also had the second-highest credit card delinquency rate, with 1.45% of cardholders in the state more than 90 days delinquent on one or more credit cards.[139]
In 2010, over 2.5 million Floridians were on food stamps, up from 1.2 million in 2007. To qualify, Floridians must make less than 133% of the federal poverty level, which would be under $29,000 for a family of four.[140]
Real estate[link]
In the early 20th century, land speculators discovered Florida, and businessmen such as Henry Plant and Henry Flagler developed railroad systems, which led people to move in, drawn by the weather and local economies. From then on, tourism boomed, fueling a cycle of development that overwhelmed a great deal of farmland.
Because of the collective effect on the insurance industry of the hurricane claims of 2004, homeowners insurance has risen 40% to 60% and deductibles have risen.[30]
At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days.[139] A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida.[141] The early 21st century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures.[142] In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country.[143]
In the third quarter of 2009, there were 278,189 delinquent loans, 80,327 foreclosures.[144] Sales of existing homes for February 2010 was 11,890, up 21% from the same month in 2009. Only two metropolitan areas showed a decrease in homes sold: Panama City and Brevard County. The average sales price for an existing house was $131,000, 7% decrease from the prior year.[145][dubious – discuss]
Labor[link]
As of February 2011, the state's unemployment rate was 11.5%.[146]
In 2009, there were 89,706 federal workers employed within the state.[147]
In 2012, government was a top employer in all counties in the state. This was mainly due to the prevalence of teachers, whose school boards employ nearly 1 out of every 30 workers in the state. The military was the top employer in three counties.[148]
Agriculture and fishing[link]
Historically, Florida's economy was based upon cattle farming and agriculture (especially sugarcane, citrus, tomatoes, and strawberries).
The second largest industry is agriculture. Citrus fruit, especially oranges, are a major part of the economy, and Florida produces the majority of citrus fruit grown in the U.S.—in 2006 67% of all citrus, 74% of oranges, 58% of tangerines, and 54% of grapefruit. About 95% of commercial orange production in the state is destined for processing (mostly as orange juice, the official state beverage).[149] Citrus canker continues to be an issue of concern. Other products include sugarcane, strawberries, tomatoes and celery.[150] The state is the largest producer of sweet corn and green beans for the country.[151]
The Everglades Agricultural Area is a major center for agriculture. The environmental impact of agriculture—especially water pollution—is a major issue in Florida today.
In 2009, fishing was a $6 billion industry, employing 60,000 jobs for sports and commercial purposes.[152]
Mining[link]
Phosphate mining, concentrated in the Bone Valley, is the state's third-largest industry. The state produces about 75% of the phosphate required by farmers in the United States and 25% of the world supply, with about 95% used for agriculture (90% for fertilizer and 5% for livestock feed supplements) and 5% used for other products.[153]
Government[link]
Since the arrival of the NASA Merritt Island launch sites on Cape Canaveral (most notably Kennedy Space Center) in 1962, Florida has developed a sizable aerospace industry.
Another major economic engine in Florida is the United States Military. There are currently 24 military bases in the state, housing three Unified Combatant Commands; United States Central Command in Tampa, United States Southern Command in Doral, and United States Special Operations Command in Tampa. There are 109,390 U.S. military personnel currently stationed in Florida,[154] contributing, directly and indirectly, $52 billion a year to the state's economy.[155]
Industry[link]
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After the watershed events of Hurricane Andrew in 1992, the State of Florida began investing in economic development through OTTED (Office of Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development). Governor Jeb Bush realized that watershed events such as Andrew negatively impacted Florida's backbone industry of tourism severely. The office was directed to target Medical/Bio-Sciences among others. Three years later, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) announced it had chosen Florida for its' newest expansion. In 2003, TSRI announced plans to establish a major science center in Palm Beach, a 364,000 square feet (33,800 m2) facility on 100 acres (40 ha), which TSRI planned to occupy in 2006[157].
At the same time that Scripps started operations in Florida, Tavistock Group, an investment firm that held 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of land immediately South East of Orlando International Airport began formulating new possibilities for its land use after the decline in tourism to the state. Tavistock decided to use part of the land to establish a Bio-Sciences cluster. In 2005, the State of Florida along with Tavistock Group and the University of Central Florida agreed that Tavistock would donate 50 acres (20 ha) and $12.5 Million (which the state would match for a total of $25 Million) to start the UCF College of Medicine and the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences. The UCF College of Medicine won approval from the State Board of Governors in 2006. That decision was key to attracting Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute to Central Florida. Tavistock then donated another 50 acres (20 ha) and $17.5 Million to Sanford-Burnham which allowed Sanford-Burnham's East Coast expansion. In February and March 2007, Nemours and the The V/A(respectively) announced Lake Nona as the site of two new hospitals.[citation needed]
Other prospective tenants of the Lake Nona Medical City included M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Florida research center, and Valencia Community College.[citation needed]
It was determined in 2008 from a study done by Arduin, Laffer and Moore Econometrics that the Lake Nona Medical City cluster has in two years reached 80% of the Milken Numbers which were based on the commitments made by the economic development statements. The study then released new projections for the 10 year period which included 30,000 jobs created and a $7.6 Billion economic impact.[158]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Florida has become a simulation training cluster.[citation needed] There are the aerospace and defense industries. Companies have expanded. The Electronic Arts Tiburon, the division responsible for popular games such as the Madden NFL series as well as other sports games, has given way to a cluster of highly skilled digital media workers who transformed their craft into simulation and simulation training. The United States Military has been the driving force and primary client of these simulation training firms.[citation needed] It has since spilled over into local police and fire agencies across the country and across the world. Aviation simulation has also benefited greatly from the advances of the Central Florida simulation training cluster.[citation needed]
Tourism[link]
Tourism makes up the largest sector of the state economy. Warm weather and hundreds of miles of beaches attract about 60 million visitors to the state every year. Florida was the top destination state in 2011. 42% of poll respondents living in the Northeast United States said they planned on visiting Florida over spring break.[159]
Amusement parks, especially in the Orlando area, make up a significant portion of tourism. The Walt Disney World Resort is the largest vacation resort in the world, consisting of four theme parks and more than 20 hotels in Lake Buena Vista, Florida; it, and Universal Orlando Resort, Busch Gardens, SeaWorld, and other major parks drive state tourism. Many beach towns are also popular tourist destinations, particularly in the winter months. 23.2 million tourists visited Florida beaches in 2000, spending $21.9 billion.[160]
The public has a right to beach access under the public trust doctrine. However, some areas have access effectively blocked by private owners for a long distance.[161]
Energy[link]
Florida ranks 45th out of 50 states in total energy consumption per capita, despite the heavy reliance on air conditioners and pool pumps. This includes coal, natural gas, petroleum, and retail electricity sales.[47][not in citation given]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Florida
Florida's public primary and secondary schools are administered by the Florida Department of Education.
State University System[link]
The State University System of Florida was founded in 1905, and is governed by the Florida Board of Governors. During the 2010 academic year, 312,216 students attended one of these member institutions.
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FIU OE.JPG
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Palmcourt.jpg
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UNF Student Union pic.jpg
Private universities[link]
Florida's first private university, Stetson University, was founded in 1883. The Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida is an association of 28 private, educational institutions in the state.[162] This Association reported that their member institutions served over 121,000 students in the fall of 2006.[163]
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Nova Library West.JPG
Infrastructure[link]
Communication[link]
27% of Floridians exclusively own cell phones for communication; no landline. Nationally, figures vary from 13–35%, with the higher percentages an indication of lower income.[164]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Florida
Public transit[link]
Miami's public transportation is served by Miami-Dade Transit that runs Metrorail, a heavy rail rapid transit system, Metromover, a people mover train system in Downtown Miami, and Metrobus, Miami's bus system. Metrorail runs throughout Miami-Dade County and has two lines and 23 stations connecting to Downtown Miami's Metromover and Tri-Rail. Metromover has three lines and 21 stations throughout Downtown Miami. Outside of Miami-Dade County, public transit in the South Florida metropolitan area is served by Broward County Transit and Palm Tran; intercounty commuter rail service is provided by Tri-Rail, with 18 stations including the region's three international airports.
Orlando utilizes the LYNX bus system as well as a downtown bus service called LYMMO, and has attempted to plan a local light rail service for years. A commuter rail service – SunRail – has been approved by all concerning counties and is in final planning stages.
Tampa and its surrounding area use the Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority system ( "HART"). In addition, downtown Tampa has continuous trolley services in the form of a heritage trolley powered by Tampa Electric Company. Pinellas County and St. Petersburg provide similar services through the Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority or "PSTA". The beaches of Pinellas County also have a continuous trolley bus. Downtown St. Petersburg has a trolley system.
| Public transit usage in Florida | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Daily weekday passenger ridership |
Population served |
% Daily transit riders |
Modes of transit |
| 1 | Miami | 369,600[165] | 2,496,435 | 14.8% | Tri-Rail (commuter rail), Miami Metrorail (heavy rail), Metromover (people mover), & Metrobus |
| 2 | Fort Lauderdale | 125,710 | 1,748,066 | 7.2% | Tri-Rail (commuter rail), & Broward County Transit (bus) |
| 3 | Orlando | 84,061 | 2,134,411 | 3.9% | LYNX (bus) |
| 4 | Tampa | 40,000[166] | 1,229,226 | 3.2% | HART (bus), & TECO Line Streetcar |
| 5 | West Palm Beach | 34,000[166] | 1,320,134 | 2.6% | Tri-Rail (commuter rail), & Palm Tran (bus) |
| 6 | Jacksonville | 28,220 | 821,784 | 3.4% | Jacksonville Transportation Authority: Bus, and JTA Skyway (people mover) |
Highways[link]
Further information: State Roads in Florida
Florida's interstates, state highways and U.S. Highways are maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation. Florida's interstate highway system contains 1,473 miles (2,371 km) of highway, and there are 9,934 miles (15,987 km) of non-interstate highway in the state, such as Florida state highways and U.S. Highways.
In 2011, there were about 9,000 retail gas stations in the state.On an average day, Floridians consume 21 million gallons of gasoline, ranking it third in national use.[167][168]
Motorists have the 45th worst rate of car insurance in the country. 24% are uninsured.[169] Drivers between 15 and 19 years of age averaged 364 car crashes a year per ten thousand licensed Florida drivers in 2010. Drivers 70 and older averaged 95 per 10,000 during the same time frame. A spokesperson for the non-profit Insurance Institute said that "Older drivers are more of a threat to themselves."[170]
State highways are numbered according to convention. The first digits of state highways[171] are numbered with the first digit indicating what area of the state the road is in, from 1 in the north and east to 9 in the south and west. Major north-south state roads generally have one- or two-digit odd route numbers that increase from east to west, while major east-west state roads generally have one- or two-digit even route numbers that increase from north to south. Roads of secondary importance usually have three-digit route numbers. The first digit x of their route number is the same as the first digit of the road with two-digit number x0 to the immediate north. The three-digit route numbers also increase from north to south for even numbers and east to west for odd numbers.
Following this convention, State Road 907, or Alton Rd. on Miami Beach, is farther east than State Road 997, which is Krome Ave, or the farthest west north-south road in Miami-Dade County. One notable exception to the convention is State Road 826, or the Palmetto Expressway (pictured at the right heading north) which, although even numbered, is signed north-south. State roads can have anywhere from one to four digits depending on the importance and location of the road.[172] County roads often follow this same system.
Prior to the construction of routes under the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, Florida began construction of a long cross-state toll road, Florida's Turnpike. The first section, from Fort Pierce south to the Golden Glades Interchange was completed in 1957. After a second section north through Orlando to Wildwood (near present-day The Villages), and a southward extension around Miami to Homestead, it was finished in 1974.
Florida's primary interstate routes include:
I-4, which bisects the state, connecting Tampa, Lakeland, Orlando, and Daytona Beach, connecting with I-95 in Daytona Beach and I-75 in Tampa.
I-10, which traverses the panhandle, connecting Jacksonville, Lake City, Tallahassee and Pensacola, with junctions with I-95 in Jacksonville and I-75 in Lake City.
I-75, which enters the state near Lake City (45 miles (72 km) west of Jacksonville) and continues southward through Gainesville, Ocala, Tampa's eastern suburbs, Bradenton, Sarasota, Fort Myers and Naples, where it crosses the "Alligator Alley" as a toll road to Fort Lauderdale before turning southward and terminating in Hialeah/Miami Lakes having junctions with I-10 in Lake City and I-4 in Tampa.
I-95, which enters the state near Jacksonville and continues along the Atlantic Coast through Daytona Beach Melbourne/Titusville, Palm Bay, Vero Beach, Fort Pierce, Port Saint Lucie, Stuart, West Palm Beach, and Fort Lauderdale before terminating in Downtown Miami, with junctions with I-10 in Jacksonville and I-4 in Daytona Beach.
Intercity rail[link]
Florida is served by Amtrak, operating numerous lines throughout, connecting the state's largest cities to points north in the United States and Canada. The busiest Amtrak train stations in Florida in 2011 were: Sanford (259,944), Orlando (179,142), Tampa Union Station (140,785), Miami (94,556), and Jacksonville (74,733).[173] Sanford, in Greater Orlando, is the southern terminus of the Amtrak Auto Train, which originates at Lorton, Virginia, south of Washington, D.C.. Orlando is also the eastern terminus of the Sunset Limited, which travels across the southern United States via New Orleans, Houston, and San Antonio to its western terminus of Los Angeles. Florida is served by two additional Amtrak trains (the Silver Star and the Silver Meteor), which operate between New York City and Miami. Miami Central Station, the city's new union station is under construction, and is expected to be completed in 2013.
The South Florida Metro Area is connected by Tri-rail, a 70.9 miles (114.1 km) long line with 18 stations which operates on Amtrak rails.
The Florida Department of Transportation was preparing to build a high speed rail between Tampa, Lakeland and Orlando.[174] This was to be the first phase of the Florida High Speed Rail system.[175] Soil work began in July 2010[176][177] and construction of the line was slated to begin in 2011, with the initial Tampa-Orlando phase completed by 2014.[178] The second phase, would have extended the line to Miami. Governor Scott, however, refused federal funds and the project has been canceled.
Airports[link]
See also: List of airports in Florida
Major international airports in Florida which processed more than 15 million passengers each in 2010 are Miami International Airport (35,698,025), Orlando International Airport (34,877,899), Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (22,412,627) and Tampa International Airport (16,645,765).
Secondary airports, with annual passenger traffic exceeding 5 million each in 2010, include Southwest Florida International Airport (Fort Myers) (7,514,316), Palm Beach International Airport (West Palm Beach) (5,887,723), and Jacksonville International Airport (5,601,500).[179]
Florida's extensive coastline made it a perceived target during World War II, so the government built airstrips throughout the state; today, approximately 400 airports are still in service. According to the National Drug Intelligence Center, Florida has 131 public airports, and more than 700 private airports, airstrips, heliports, and seaplane bases.[180]
Sports[link]
See also: Florida Sports Hall of Fame and List of sports teams in Florida
Fourteen, about half, of all Major League Baseball teams conduct spring training in the state. Throughout MLB history other teams, at one time or another, held spring training in Florida.
Yet Florida did not have a permanent major-league-level professional sports team until the American Football League added the Miami Dolphins in 1966. The state now has three NFL teams, two MLB teams, two NBA teams, and two NHL teams.
The state of Florida has given professional sports franchises some subsidies in the form of tax breaks since 1991.[181]
Three of the Arena Football League's teams are in Florida.
Golf, tennis, and auto racing are popular. NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major Series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway, and ends all three Series in November at Homestead-Miami Speedway. The PGA of America is headquartered in Palm Beach Gardens while the LPGA is headquartered in Daytona Beach.
Minor league baseball, football, basketball, ice hockey, soccer and indoor football teams are based in Florida. Florida's universities have a number of collegiate sport teams. Florida is the traditional home for Major League Baseball spring training, with teams informally organized into the "Grapefruit League".
| Club | League | Venue | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miami Dolphins | National Football League | Sun Life Stadium (Miami Gardens) | 2 (1972, 1973) |
| Miami Heat | National Basketball Association | American Airlines Arena (Miami) | 1 (2006) |
| Miami Marlins | Major League Baseball | Marlins Park (Miami) | 2 (1997, 2003) |
| Florida Panthers | National Hockey League | BankAtlantic Center (Sunrise) | 0 |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | National Football League | Raymond James Stadium (Tampa) | 1 (2003) |
| Tampa Bay Rays | Major League Baseball | Tropicana Field (St. Petersburg) | 0 |
| Tampa Bay Lightning | National Hockey League | Tampa Bay Times Forum (Tampa) | 1 (2004) |
| Orlando Magic | National Basketball Association | Amway Center (Orlando) | 0 |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | National Football League | EverBank Field (Jacksonville) | 0 |
Auto-racing tracks[link]
- Daytona International Speedway
- Homestead-Miami Speedway
- Sebring International Raceway
- Streets of St. Petersburg
- Walt Disney World Speedway
- Palm Beach International Raceway
Sister states[link]
| Sister jurisdiction | Country | Year[182] |
|---|---|---|
| Languedoc-Roussillon |  France |
1989 |
| Taiwan Province |  Taiwan, R.O.C. |
1992 |
| Wakayama Prefecture |  Japan |
1995 |
| Western Cape |  South Africa |
1995 |
| Nueva Esparta |  Venezuela |
1999 |
| Kyonggi |  South Korea |
2000 |
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Florida
- List of people from Florida
- List of places in Florida
- Timeline of Florida History
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- ^ a b Navarro, Mireya (September 21, 1998). "Florida's Split: Will It Play in the Panhandle?". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E1D81330F932A1575AC0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ Lengell, Sean. "As I-4 corridor goes, so goes Florida". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.washingtontimes.com/article/20080128/NATION/3421225/1001.
- ^ "Voter Registration by Party Affiliation and County". Florida Department of State. January 2008. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://election.dos.state.fl.us/voterreg/registration.asp. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
- ^ "Editorial:Culture of corruption". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 1A. January 7, 2011. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110107/OPINION/110106021/Our-Views-Culture-of-corruption-Jan-7-. [dead link]
- ^ a b "U.S. Electoral College". Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/votes/2000.html.
- ^ a b "Florida Certificate of Vote". Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/2000_certificates/vote_florida.html.
- ^ a b Leary, Alex: "Florida gains two U.S. House seats in Census" St. Petersburg Times, December 21, 2010
- ^ "Florida". 270towin.com. January 2, 2010. http://www.270towin.com/states/Florida.
- ^ See Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98 (2000)
- ^ See also Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board, 531 U.S. 70 (2000).
- ^ Fessenden, Ford; Broder, John M. (November 12, 2001). "Study of Disputed Florida Ballots Finds Justices Did Not Cast the Deciding Vote". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/12/politics/12VOTE.html?pagewanted=all.
- ^ Cf. Fla. Stat. § 103.011 (web version) ("Votes cast for the actual candidates for President and Vice President shall be counted as votes cast for the presidential electors supporting such candidates. The Department of State shall certify as elected the presidential electors of the candidates for President and Vice President who receive the highest number of votes.")
- ^ "Florida Statutes". Leg.state.fl.us. http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=Ch0373/SEC503.HTM&Title=-. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "New laws include auto inspection repeal". Ocala Star-Banner. September 27, 1981. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aJoTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SgYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6830,6180921&dq=state+auto+inspection+florida+history&hl=en.
- ^ "Personal Injury Protection (PIP)". The Florida Senate, Committee on Banking and Insurance. August 2011. http://www.flsenate.gov/PublishedContent/Session/2012/InterimReports/2012-203bi.pdf. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ "Corruption at Miami-Dade auto accident clinics creates huge financial burden on drivers". United Auto Courts Report. United Auto Insurance Co.. January 15, 2012. http://www.unitedautocourtsreport.com/blog/?p=558. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Deslatte, Aaron (January 26, 2012). "Scott says PIP program 'has to be fixed'". Orlando Sentinel. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/politics/os-pip-governor-20120126,0,2175419.story.
- ^ Mitchell, Tia (January 25, 2012). "Scott-backed bill to combat fraud advances in House". Miami Herald. http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/01/25/2608553/scott-backed-bill-to-combat-fraud.html.
- ^ "House version of PIP reform gets Scott endorsement". Tampa Bay Times. January 25, 2012. http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/content/house-version-pip-reform-gets-scott-endorsement.
- ^ "20 Most Dangerous States for 2009"[dead link]. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
- ^ "Don't get scammed". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 13A. January 22, 2011. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/floridatoday/access/2245280991.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+22%2C+2011&author=&pub=Florida+Today&edition=&startpage=A.13&desc=Don%27t+get+scammed. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
- ^ Basu, Kaustuv (February 7, 2010). "Officials cite safer cars, seat belts". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 1A.
- ^ Basu, Kaustuv (January 7, 2011). "Change would relax handgun law". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 1B. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/floridatoday/access/2231943421.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+7%2C+2011&author=KAUSTUV+BASU&pub=Florida+Today&edition=&startpage=B.1&desc=Change+would+relax+handgun+law. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
- ^ Hobson, Will (January 16, 2010). "County Medicaid tab rises, could get worse". The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.newsherald.com/articles/tab-80645-city-worse.html.
- ^ Ryan, MacKenzie (December 26, 2010). "Qualifying for care a minefield". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 3A. http://www.fdhc.state.fl.us/Medicaid/deputy_secretary/recent_presentations/florida_medicaid_020410.pdf.
- ^ Marshal, James (December 26, 2010). "Sunday debate: No: Longtime official lost touch with voters". =Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 19A. http://m.floridatoday.com/news.jsp?key=369240&rc=op.
- ^ Torres, John A. (March 2, 2010). "Rough week ahead for allergy sufferers". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 1A. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/floridatoday/access/1974750171.html?FMT=CITE&date=Mar+02%2C+2010.
- ^ [4][dead link]
- ^ "Official: Design rules haven't cost Palm Bay new businesses". Florida Today. April 23, 2009. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://m.floridatoday.com/news.jsp?key=201475. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "Brickell Neighborhood Guide". Nestseekers.com. http://www.nestseekers.com/Guides/Neighborhood/3059. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "Brickell Real Estate – Millionaires Row". Miamisignaturehomes.com. http://www.miamisignaturehomes.com/brickell-real-estate-n26555.html. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ^ "Gross Domestic Product by state Table 8:Gross Domestic Product by State in Current Dollars, 2003–2006" (PDF). Bureau of Economic Analysis, United States Department of Commerce. July 2007. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2007/07%20July/0707_gdp_state.pdf. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
- ^ Szakonyi, Mark (March 7, 2011). "Florida is No. 4 in US exports". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 14A. http://assets.bizjournals.com/jacksonville/blog/trade_trucks_trains/2011/02/florida-jumps-to-no-4-in-exports.html.
- ^ Flemming, Paul (March 6, 2011). "Budget battle set to begin". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 1A. http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2011103060312. Retrieved March 21, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Site Selection Rankings". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/site-selection-rankings/. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ "The Role of Metro Areas In The US Economy" (PDF). http://usmayors.org/metroeconomies/Top100_2006.pdf. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "STATE PERSONAL INCOME 2011". Bureau of Economic Analysis, United States Department of Commerce. March 28, 2012. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2010/pdf/spi0310.pdf. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
- ^ "Florida's Minimum Wage". State of Florida, Agency for Workforce Innovation. October 15, 2009. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.floridajobs.org/minimumwage/index.htm. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
- ^ Ellis, Blake (March 4, 2011). "Cities with the most credit card debt". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2011/03/04/pf/cities_credit_card_debt/index.htm.
- ^ Flemming, Paul (November 29, 2009). "Poverty estimates pain sad picture". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 8B. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.flapolitics.com/diary/4285/florida-political-news-november-28-2009.
- ^ Bill Glauber and Ben Poston (September 28, 2010). "Milwaukee now fourth poorest city in nation". JSOnline. http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/103929588.html. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ a b "State scores well in credit card, mortgage payment delinquency". The Burlington Free Press. December 3, 2008. http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20081203/BUSINESS/812030301/1003/BUSINESS. Retrieved December 3, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Hafenbrack, Josh (March 9, 2010). "2.5 million on Fla. food stamps". South Florida Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida). Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-03-09/news/fl-food-stamps-record-20100308_1_food-stamps-don-winstead-canned. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
- ^ Orr, Deborah (January 7, 2009). "America's 25 Weakest Housing Markets". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.forbes.com/realestate/2009/01/07/housing-cities-realestate-forbeslife-cx_do_0107realestateweak.html?partner=relatedstoriesbox. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
- ^ "Our views:Playing with fire". Florida Today. March 20, 2009. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20090320/OPINION/90319027/1006/NEWS01. Retrieved March 22, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ McCaffrey, Scott (October 15, 2009). "Census Bureau: 1 in 3 Virginians Pays Plenty for Housing". Arlington Sun Gazette. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.sungazette.net/articles/2009/10/16/quarterly_real_estate_guide/re790d.txt. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
- ^ Enrique, Eric (February 27, 2010). "No to noncourt foreclosures". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 13A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100227/COLUMNISTS0205/100226017/1138/opinion/No+to+noncourt+foreclosures. [dead link]
- ^ Price, Wayne T. (March 24, 2010). "Area home sales down". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 6C. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/floridatoday/access/1991621571.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+24%2C+2010&author=WAYNE+T+PRICE&pub=Florida+Today&edition=&startpage=C.6&desc=Brevard+home+sales+down. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- ^ Waymer, Jim (April 7, 2011). "Shutdown spares essential services". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110407/NEWS01/104070326/Government-shutdown-would-spare-essential-services. [dead link]
- ^ "Study:Government a top employer in Florida". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 12B. May 16, 2012. http://www.floridatoday.com/viewart/20120516/NEWS01/305160046/Study-Government-top-employer-Florida.
- ^ "Commodity Profile: Citrus" (PDF). Agricultural Issues Center, University of California. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. http://aic.ucdavis.edu/profiles/Citrus-2006.pdf. Retrieved November 17, 2007.
- ^ "Crop Profile for Celery in Florida". NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/FLCelery.html. Retrieved November 17, 2007.
- ^ "Corn, Green Bean Prices Rise After Florida Freezes". Calorielab. January 1, 2011. http://calorielab.com/labnotes/20101231/green-bean-prices-sweet-corn-florida-freeze-damage/.
- ^ Price, Wayne T. (February 23, 2010). "Locals to protest fish regulation". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 8C. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100223/BUSINESS/2230313/Locals-to-protest-fish-regulations. [dead link]
- ^ "About Phosphate". The Mosaic Company. Archived from the original on September 23, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070923012437/http://www.phosphateflorida.com/mosaic.asp?page=about_phosphate. Retrieved November 17, 2007.
- ^ "State-by-State Listing of Major U.S. Military Bases — Florida". Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/statefacts/blfl.htm. Retrieved July 6, 2009.
- ^ Ash, Jim (April 15, 2009). "Military-friendly bill cruise". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 9B.
- ^ http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/08/28/v-fullstory/2379490/a-new-university-of-miami-research.html
- ^ "TSRI Plans to Open Major Science Center in Palm Beach County, Florida". News & Views. The Scripps Research Institute. October 2003. http://www.scripps.edu/newsandviews/e_20031013/news.html. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
- ^ http://www.cityoforlando.net/elected/mayor/soc04_medical.htm
- ^ "Vacation trends". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1E. March 13, 2011.
- ^ Waymer, Jim (February 15, 2010). "Beaches get pumped up". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 13A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100215/NEWS01/2150312/Beaches-get-pumped-up. [dead link]
- ^ "Laying out an "unwelcome mat" to public beach access" (PDF). http://www.law.fsu.edu/Journals/Landuse/vol18_2/sullivan.pdf. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "Official website of ICUF". Icuf.org. http://www.icuf.org/. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ Atherton, Blair (August 2006). "2005–2006 Accountability Report: Quality, Productivity, Diversity, and Access" (PDF). Archived from the original on September 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070925205651/http://www.icuf.org/_docs/2005-2006_Acct_Report.pdf. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
- ^ Alan Fram (April 20, 2011). "Arkansas, Mississippi rely on cellphones most". Florida Today. Florida Today. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/apr/20/arkansas-mississippi-rely-on-cellphones-most/?page=all.
- ^ http://www.miamidade.gov/transit/news_technical_reports.asp
- ^ a b http://www.gohart.org/departments/marketing/press/press-release-12-2-08.html
- ^ behind California and Texas
- ^ Moody, R. Norman (January 30, 2011). "Guidelines tight to drive a fuel tanker". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 2A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110130/NEWS01/101300318/Beachline-huge-artery-tankers.
- ^ "Recession Marked by Bump in Uninsured Motorists" (PDF). http://www.ircweb.org/news/ircum2011_042111.pdf. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ Kennerley, Britt (September 18, 2011). "Olde drivers take fewer risks". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 11A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110918/NEWS01/109180309/Aging-out-driver-s-seat. [dead link]
- ^ with some exceptions (such as State Road 112 connecting Interstate 95 to the Miami International Airport)
- ^ FHP State Road Listings[dead link]. Retrieved March 29, 2009. Archived August 22, 2008 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ www.amtrak.com/pdf/factsheets/FLORIDA11.pdf
- ^ "FLORIDA HIGH SPEED RAIL UPDATE:Regional Rail Briefing March 24, 2010, Lakeland" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. March 2010. http://www.floridahighspeedrail.org/uploads/LAKELAND_FHSR_PRESENTATION_MARCH_2010.pdf. Retrieved April 7, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Environmental Studies". Floridahighspeedrail.org. May 20, 2010. http://www.floridahighspeedrail.org/Environmental_Studies.html. Retrieved August 2, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Bullet Train Work Begins With Soil in I-4 Median". The Ledger. Lakeland, Florida. July 20, 2010. http://www.theledger.com/article/20100720/NEWS/7205036/1338. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "Work begins on Florida's high speed rail". WTSP.com. July 19, 2010. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.wtsp.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=137356&catid=250. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ Jackovics, Ted. January 28, 2010, "Obama calls high speed rail funding a 'down payment'".[dead link] The Tampa Tribune (TBO.com).. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
- ^ www.aci-na.org/sites/default/files/_rankings-2010nam_.xls
- ^ "Florida Drug Threat Assessment-Overview". National Drug Intelligence Center. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs5/5169/overview.htm. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ Peltier, Michael (November 5, 2011). "Lawmaker's bill would fine teams that black out games". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 4B. http://www.cbs12.com/news/nfl-4736484-fasano-teams.html.
- ^ "Florida Sister City/Sister State Directory 2001" (PDF). State of Florida. 2001. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080627165012/http://internationalaffairs.flgov.com/pdf/sister.pdf. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
External links[link]
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- State website
- Florida at the Open Directory Project
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Geographic data related to Florida at OpenStreetMap- Florida Memory Project Over 300,000 photographs and documents from the State Library & Archives of Florida
- Online collection of the Spanish Land Grants.
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- Florida Rivers and Watersheds – Florida DEP
- U.S. Census Bureau
- Economic and farm demographics fact sheet from the USDA
- Energy & Environmental Data For Florida
- List of searchable databases produced by Florida state agencies hosted by the American Library Association Government Documents Roundtable
- Heliconius charitonia, zebra longwing Florida state butterfly, on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- TerraFly Property Value and Aerial Imagery Spatio-temporal animation Real Estate Trends in Florida
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Coordinates: 28°06′N 81°36′W / 28.1°N 81.6°W / 28.1; -81.6
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Alexi Murdoch | |
|---|---|
| Origin | London, England, UK |
| Genres | Alternative, acoustic, indie folk |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Labels | Indie |
| Website | Official website |
Alexi Murdoch is a singer-songwriter born in London and raised in Scotland, Greece and France, now living in Berlin.
Contents |
Background[link]
Murdoch was born in London to a Greek father and Scottish-French mother and raised in Greece, just outside of Athens until he was ten, when his family moved to Scotland.[1][2]
Murdoch moved to the United States in 1992 to study at Duke University,[2] before moving to Los Angeles, California to be with a girlfriend.[1] He first gained notice when an influential Los Angeles DJ, Nic Harcourt, began playing his music on the radio station KCRW. It led to much interest from the LA's music industry, which Murdoch largely ignored, turning down advances from record labels and opting to release his music independently.[2]
[edit] Four Songs EP
He self-published the EP Four Songs through independent record stores and website CD Baby[2][3] in November 2002. CD Baby sold over 50,000 copies of the release, becoming the site's all-time bestselling record.[4][5]
In 2003, he performed at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Music Conference and that year's Sundance Film Festival.[2][6] and, in 2004, at the Hollywood Reporter/Billboard Film & TV Music Conference.[4][7] In 2004, the song "Orange Sky" from the EP also became the most-played song on Philadelphia indie station WXPN.[8]
[edit] Time Without Consequence LP
Murdoch's first album, Time Without Consequence, was released on June 6, 2006 on his own label, Zero Summer. As with the EP, Murdoch continued to turn down the record deals he was offered from numerous major labels in order to maintain creative control. (The record was distributed nationally through Sony BMG.) Time Without Consequence peaked at #25 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart.[9]
On June 9, 2006, Murdoch began a 34-city tour in conjunction with the Coalition of Independent Music Stores, with most bookings at independent record stores.[8]
The album became one of the most licensed albums of the decade, receiving placements on dozens of films and television shows. "Orange Sky" appeared in The O.C.,[1][4] House, Prison Break,[1] Ugly Betty, Dirty Sexy Money, Ladder 49,[4] and in promotions for Oscar nominated foreign film, Paradise Now, Southland and a Honda commercial.[8] "Home" appeared in a season 2 episode of Prison Break. "All My Days" was featured in The O.C., Grey's Anatomy, Scrubs, Without a Trace, Stargate Universe, and a promo for Southland. It has also featured as the opening song in the movie Real Steel. "Song For You" appeared in Everwood. "12" appeared in the show "Brothers & Sisters" and "One Tree Hill." "Blue Mind" was featured in the 2008 adventure film The Sharp End,[citation needed], and several episodes of Dawson's Creek.[1][2] "Breathe" was used in Stargate Universe, and the 2008 film Tenderness, where the album Time Without Consequence is also shown on a scene of the film. "Wait" was used in the shows Defying Gravity and Parenthood. "It's Only Fear" was used in the Brothers and Sisters. Several songs were used in a surfing documentary One California Day. "Crinan Wood" was used in the episode Chuck Versus the Masquerade from the show Chuck.
Recent activities[link]
In the spring of 2009, Murdoch embarked on a rare U.S. headlining tour, during which he has been distributing an early version of a new album entitled Towards the Sun in a limited edition packaged in a hand-printed, cardboard sleeve.[10]
Several of these new songs quickly appeared on the internet. Later, the song "Through the Dark" was used in the final scene and end credits of actor Ben Affleck's directorial debut, Gone Baby Gone, as well as the television series "The Vampire Diaries". Several other Towards the Sun songs were used on the soundtrack to Oscar winner Sam Mendes' 2009 film Away We Go which had a screenplay by the writers Dave Eggers and Vendela Vida. There was an album tied to the film release which contained a mix of songs from Time Without Consequence and Towards the Sun alongside single songs by The Stranglers, Bob Dylan, George Harrison and the Velvet Underground. The track "Some Day Soon" was featured in the second episode of Touch, titled "1+1=3".
Recent bookings by Murdoch include two concerts in Berlin, one small club appearance and a second as part of the City Slang label's 20th anniversary. In February 2011 he performed in New York City as part of Lincoln Center's prestigious "American Songbook Series",[11] after which he went on a sold out tour of major markets throughout North America. (i.e. Philadelphia, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, Chicago, Minneapolis.) 2011 also saw the official release of his third recording, "Towards The Sun".[12]
Critical reception[link]
His first album "Time Without Consequence" was met with wide critical praise, gaining him five stars with Alternative Press as well as placing him on Rolling Stone's Top Ten Artists list. His newest release "Towards the Sun" is gathering higher praise still in both the U.S. and in Europe. PopMatters, giving the record a 9/10 calls Murdoch's performance "hauntingly beautiful" and "heartbreakingly lovely".[13] Q Magazine in the U.K. give the record 4 stars with this to say: "Acoustic troubadour makes stunning second outing. Anyone who harps on about how the songwriters of today don't match up to those of yesteryear should be directed to this remarkable second record."
Discography[link]
LPs[link]
- Time Without Consequence, 2006
- Towards the Sun, 2011
Extended Plays[link]
- Four Songs, 2002 (EP)
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e Hoard, Christian (September 21, 2006), "ALEXI MURDOCH". Rolling Stone. (1009):24
- ^ a b c d e f Wise, Catherine (June 6, 2003), "A NEW REASON TO JUST SAY NO." Entertainment Weekly. (713):78
- ^ Langer, Andy (December 2003) "(Derek Sivers)". Esquire. 140 (6):173
- ^ a b c d Hay, Carla (November 6, 2004), "Director Columbus Shopping 'Underground' Film". Billboard. 116 (45):12-26
- ^ Newman, Melinda (December 10, 2005), "Rock Hall Of Fame Names Class Of '06". Billboard. 117 (50):44
- ^ Newman, Melinda (March 29, 2003), "The Beat". Billboard. 115 (13):9
- ^ (November 2, 2004), "Film & TV Music Confab Adds McG To Marquee Speakers". Billboard. 116 (47):14
- ^ a b c Newman, Melinda (June 24, 2006), "Spread The 'LDN' Love, Please". Billboard. 118 (25):58
- ^ Billboard, Allmusic
- ^ Carry You Away: Concert Review Blog
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.npr.org/2011/02/27/134033490/first-listen-alexi-murdoch-towards-the-sun
- ^ http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/137322-alexi-murdoch-towards-the-sun/
External links[link]
- Official website
- Alexi Murdoch Myspace
- CD Baby: Alexi Murdoch
- CNN: The 'Britney' backlash: Budding songwriter rejects record contract
- Alexi Murdoch live on WOXY.com, July 11, 2006
- Alexi Murdoch at NPR Music
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Murdoch, Alexi |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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For other people named John Mayer, see John Mayer (disambiguation).
| John Mayer | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Mayer at the Mile High Music Festival on July 20, 2008 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | John Clayton Mayer |
| Born | (1977-10-16) October 16, 1977 (age 34) Bridgeport, Connecticut United States |
| Genres | Pop rock, blues rock, acoustic rock, blue-eyed soul |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter, record producer, columnist, graphic designer, photographer, comedian, television host |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals, omnichord, piano, vibraphone, harmonica, percussion, clarinet, violin |
| Years active | 1998 (1998)–present |
| Labels | Arista, Aware, Columbia |
| Associated acts | John Mayer Trio, Fall Out Boy |
| Website | johnmayer.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Fender Stratocaster Martin Guitars Gibson Guitars |
|
John Clayton Mayer ( /ˈmeɪ.ər/ MAY-ər;[1] (born October 16, 1977) is an American pop and blues rock musician, singer-songwriter, recording artist, and music producer.[2] Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut and raised in Fairfield, Connecticut, he attended Berklee College of Music in Boston. He moved to Atlanta in 1997, where he refined his skills and gained a following, and he now lives in New York City.[3][4] His first two studio albums, Room for Squares and Heavier Things, did well commercially, achieving multi-platinum status. In 2003, he won a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Your Body Is a Wonderland."[5]
Mayer began his career performing mainly acoustic rock, but gradually began a transition towards the blues genre in 2005 by collaborating with renowned blues artists such as B. B. King, Buddy Guy, and Eric Clapton, and by forming the John Mayer Trio. The blues influence can be heard throughout his 2005 live album Try! with the John Mayer Trio and his third studio album Continuum, released in September 2006. At the 49th Annual Grammy Awards in 2007 Mayer won Best Pop Vocal Album for Continuum and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Waiting on the World to Change". He released his fourth studio album, Battle Studies, in November 2009. His fifth album, Born and Raised, was released on May 22, 2012. He has sold over 10 million albums in the U.S. and 20 million albums worldwide.
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Early life[link]
John Clayton Mayer was born on October 16, 1977 in Bridgeport, Connecticut to Margaret, an English teacher, and Richard, a high school principal.[6] He grew up in Fairfield, Connecticut, the second of three children.[7] His father is Jewish, and Mayer has said that he "relat[es] to Judaism".[8] He attended Fairfield High School in Fairfield[9] although he was enrolled in the Center for Global Studies at Brien McMahon High School in Norwalk for his junior year (then known as the Center for Japanese Studies Abroad, it is a magnet program for students wanting to learn Japanese).[10]
After watching Michael J. Fox's guitar performance as Marty McFly in Back to the Future, Mayer became fascinated with the instrument, and when he turned 13, his father rented one for him.[11][12] A neighbor gave Mayer a Stevie Ray Vaughan cassette, which cultivated Mayer's love of blues music.[13]a[›] Mayer started taking lessons from a local guitar-shop owner, Al Ferrante, and soon became consumed with playing the instrument.[3][14] His singular focus concerned his parents, and they took him twice to see a psychiatrist—but Mayer was determined to be fine.[3][14] Mayer says that the contentious nature of his parents' marriage led him to "disappear and create my own world I could believe in".[3] After two years of practice, he started playing at blues bars and other venues in the area, while he was still in high school.[10][12] In addition to performing solo, he was a member of a band called Villanova Junction (named for a Jimi Hendrix song) with Tim Procaccini, Joe Beleznay, and Rich Wolf.[3][15] Mayer considered skipping college to pursue his music, but the disapproval of his parents dissuaded him from doing so.[3]
When Mayer was seventeen, he was stricken with cardiac dysrhythmia and was hospitalized for a weekend. Reflecting on the incident, Mayer said, "That was the moment the songwriter in me was born," and he penned his first lyrics the night he got home from the hospital.[4] Shortly thereafter, he began suffering from panic attacks, and lived with the fear of having to enter a mental institution.[3] He continues to manage such episodes with Xanax, an anti-anxiety drug.[4][16] After graduation, he worked for fifteen months at a gas station until he saved enough money to buy a 1996 Stevie Ray Vaughan signature Stratocaster.[17]
Career[link]
Early career[link]
Mayer enrolled in the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, aged 19.[7] However, at the urging of his college friend an Atlanta, Georgia native, Clay Cook, he left school after two semesters and moved with Cook to Atlanta.[18] In Atlanta they formed a two-man band called LoFi Masters and began performing in local coffee houses and club venues such as Eddie's Attic.[12] According to Cook, they began to experience musical differences due to Mayer’s desire to move more towards pop music.[19] As a result, the two parted ways, and Mayer embarked on a solo career.[18]
With the help of local producer and engineer Glenn Matullo, Mayer recorded the independent EP Inside Wants Out. Cook co-wrote many of the songs from the EP including Mayer's first commercial single release, "No Such Thing".[19] The EP includes eight songs with Mayer on lead vocals and guitars. However, Cook's only contribution was backing vocals on the song "Comfortable". For the opening track, "Back To You", a full band was enlisted, including the EP’s co-producer David "DeLa" LaBruyere on bass guitars.[20] Mayer and LaBruyere then began to perform throughout Georgia and nearby states.
Major label success[link]
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Mayer’s reputation began to build, and a March 2000 appearance at South by Southwest brought him to the attention of "launch" label, Aware Records.[14][21][22] After including him in the Aware Festival concerts and having his songs included on Aware compilations, in early 2001, Aware released Mayer's internet-only album titled, Room for Squares. During this time, Aware inked a deal with Columbia Records that gave Columbia first pick in signing Aware artists, and so in September of the same year, Columbia remixed and re-released Room for Squares.[23] As part of the major label "debut", the album's artwork was updated, and the track "3x5" was added. The re-release also included reworked studio versions of the first four songs from his indie album, Inside Wants Out.[24]
By the end of 2002, Room for Squares had spawned several radio hits, including "No Such Thing," "Your Body Is a Wonderland", and ultimately, "Why Georgia". In 2003, Mayer won a Grammy for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Your Body Is a Wonderland." In his acceptance speech he remarked, "This is very, very fast, and I promise to catch up."[25] He also figuratively referred to himself as being sixteen, a remark that many mistook to mean that he was only sixteen years old at the time.[26]
In 2003, Mayer released a live CD and DVD of a concert in Birmingham, Alabama titled Any Given Thursday. The concert featured songs previously not recorded, such as "Man on the Side" (co-written with Cook) and "Something's Missing", which later appeared on Heavier Things. The concert also included "Covered In Rain". According to the accompanying DVD documentary, this song is "part two" of the song "City Love", which features the line "covered in rain". Commercially, the album quickly peaked at number seventeen on the Billboard 200 chart. The CD/DVD received conservative, although consistent, praise, with critics torn between his pop-idol image, and (at the time) emerging guitar prowess. Erik Crawford (of Allmusic) asked "Is he the consummate guitar hero exemplified when he plays a cover of Stevie Ray Vaughan's 'Lenny', or is he the teen idol that the pubescent girls shriek for after he plays 'Your Body Is a Wonderland?'"[27][28]
Heavier Things, Mayer's second album, was released in 2003 to generally favorable reviews. Rolling Stone, Allmusic and Blender all gave positive, although reserved, feedback. PopMatters said that it "doesn't have as many drawbacks as one might assume".[29] The album was commercially successful, and while it did not sell as well as Room for Squares, it peaked at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. Mayer earned his first number one single with the song "Daughters" as well as a 2005 Grammy for Song of the Year, beating out fellow contenders Alicia Keys and Kanye West. He dedicated the award to his grandmother, Annie Hoffman, who died in May 2004. He also won Best Male Pop Vocal Performance, beating Elvis Costello, Prince, and Seal for the award. In a February 9, 2009 interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Mayer said that he thought he should not have won the Grammy for Song of the year because he thought that Alicia Keys' If I Ain't Got You was the better song. Because of this, he removed the top half of the Grammy and gave it to Keys, and kept the bottom part for himself. At the 37th Annual Songwriters Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony in 2006, Mayer was honored with the Hal David Starlight Award.[30]
Mayer again recorded live concerts across seven nights of his U.S. tour in 2004. These recordings were released to the iTunes Store under the title As/Is, indicating that the errors were included along with the good moments. A few months later, a "best of" CD was compiled from the As/Is nights. The album included a previously unreleased cover of Marvin Gaye's song "Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)", featuring a solo from Mayer's support act, jazz and blues turntablist DJ Logic. All the album covers of the As/Is releases feature drawings of anthropomorphic bunnies.[31]
With increased exposure, Mayer's talent came into demand in other areas. Steve Jobs invited Mayer to perform during the keynote address of Apple's annual Macworld Conference & Expo, in January 2004, as Jobs introduced the software application GarageBand.[32] The gig led to Mayer becoming a fixture of the event. He rejoined Jobs on stage for a solo performance at Macworld 2007, following the announcement of the iPhone.[33] Mayer has also done endorsements, such as a Volkswagen commercial for the Beetle's guitar outlet and for the BlackBerry Curve.[34]
Change in musical direction[link]
Mayer began to collaborate extensively, often working with artists outside of his own genre. He appeared on Common's song "Go!" and on Kanye West's "Bittersweet Poetry".b[›] Following these collaborations, Mayer received praise from rap heavyweights Jay-Z and Nelly.[35] When asked about his presence in the hip hop community, Mayer said, "It's not music out there right now. That's why, to me, hip-hop is where rock used to be."[36]
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It was around this time that Mayer began hinting a change in his musical interests, announcing that he was "closing up shop on acoustic sensitivity."[36] In 2005, he began a string of collaborations with various blues artists, including Buddy Guy, B.B. King, Eric Clapton, as well as jazz artist John Scofield. He also went on tour with legendary jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, which included a show at the Bonnaroo Music Festival in Manchester, Tennessee. These collaborations led to recordings with several of these artists, namely, Clapton (Back Home, Crossroads Guitar Festival), Guy (Bring 'Em In), Scofield (That's What I Say), and King (80). Although Mayer has maintained a reputation for being a sensitive singer-songwriter, he has also gained distinction as an accomplished guitarist, influenced by the likes of the above artists, as well as Eric Johnson, Jimi Hendrix, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Eric Clapton, Robert Cray, and Freddie King.[38]
John Mayer Trio[link]
Main article: John Mayer Trio
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From the album Try! The first single, "Who Did You Think I Was?," lyrically underscores Mayer's decision to move away from acoustic pop music and towards blues, with lines such as, "Got a brand new blues that I can't explain."[39] This sample features an extended electric guitar solo.
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In the spring of 2005, Mayer formed the John Mayer Trio with bassist Pino Palladino and drummer Steve Jordan, both of whom he had met through previous studio sessions. The trio played a combination of blues and rock music. In October 2005, the Trio opened for The Rolling Stones during a sold-out club tour of their own,[40] and that November, released a live album called Try! The band took a break in mid-2006. In September 2006, Mayer announced plans for the Trio to begin work on a future studio album.[41]
[edit] Continuum
Mayer's third studio album, titled Continuum, was released on September 12, 2006, and was produced by Mayer and Steve Jordan. Mayer suggested the album was intended to combine his signature pop music with the feel, sound, groove, and sensibilities of the blues. In that vein, two of the tracks from his Trio release Try!—"Vultures" and "Gravity"—also were included on Continuum.[7]
The first single from Continuum was "Waiting on the World to Change", which debuted on The Ron and Fez Show. The song was the third most downloaded song of the week on the iTunes Store following its release on July 11, 2006, and debuted at #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart.
On August 23, 2006, Mayer debuted the entire album on the Los Angeles radio station Star 98.7, giving commentary on each track.[42] A subsequent version was released the next day on the Clear Channel Music website as a streaming sneak preview. On September 21, 2006, Mayer appeared on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, playing "Waiting on the World to Change" and "Slow Dancing in a Burning Room." The song "Gravity" was featured on the television series House, in the episode "Cane & Able", and Numb3rs. He recorded a session for the British program Live from Abbey Road at Abbey Road Studios on October 22, 2006.
On December 7, 2006, Mayer was nominated for five 2007 Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year. The John Mayer Trio also received a nomination for their album, Try!. He won two: Best Pop Song with Vocal for "Waiting on the World to Change" and Best Pop Album for Continuum. Mayer remixed an acoustic version of his single "Waiting on the World to Change" with vocal additions from fellow musician Ben Harper. In preparation for recording Continuum, Mayer had booked the Village Recorder in Los Angeles to record five demo acoustic versions of his songs with veteran musician Robbie McIntosh. These recordings became The Village Sessions, an EP released on December 12, 2006. As usual, Mayer oversaw the artwork of the release.[43]
Mayer was featured on the cover of Rolling Stone (#1020) in February 2007, along with John Frusciante and Derek Trucks. He was named as one of the "New Guitar Gods," and the cover nicknamed him "Slowhand, Jr.," a reference to Eric Clapton.[38] Additionally, he was selected by the editors of Time magazine as one of the 100 Most Influential People of 2007 and was listed among artists and entertainers.[44]
On November 20, 2007, the re-issue of Continuum became available online and in stores. The release contains a bonus disc of six live songs from his 2007 tour: five from Continuum and a cover of the Ray Charles song "I Don't Need No Doctor".[45] His new single, "Say", also became available through iTunes. On December 6, 2007, "Belief" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal for the 50th Annual Grammy Awards. He accompanied Alicia Keys on guitar on her song "No One" at the ceremony.
In February 2008, Mayer hosted a three-day Caribbean cruise event that included performances with various musicians including David Ryan Harris, Brett Dennen, Colbie Caillat and Dave Barnes, among others. The event was called "The Mayercraft Carrier" and was held aboard the cruise ship known as the Carnival Victory.[46] A follow up cruise titled "Mayercraft Carrier 2" set sail from Long Beach, California from March 27–31, 2009 on the Carnival Splendor.
On July 1, 2008, Mayer released Where the Light Is, a live concert film of Mayer's performance at the Nokia Theatre L.A. Live on December 8, 2007. The film was directed by Danny Clinch. It features an acoustic set and a set with the John Mayer Trio, followed by a set with John's band from the Continuum album. The DVD and Blu-ray bonus material includes footage of Mayer backstage and playing outside on Mulholland Drive.[47]
Australian artist Guy Sebastian invited Mayer to collaborate on three songs from his 2009 album Like It Like That.[48] Mayer also played guitar on the title track of Crosby Loggins' debut LP, Time to Move, released on July 10, 2009.[49]
File:Mayer, John at the Michael Jackson funeral July 7, 2009.jpg
John Mayer playing guitar on "Human Nature" at Jackson's memorial service on July 7, 2009
On July 7, 2009, Mayer performed an instrumental guitar version of Michael Jackson's "Human Nature" at Jackson's televised memorial service.[50]
[edit] Battle Studies
On November 17, 2009, Mayer's fourth studio album, Battle Studies, was released and debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart.[51] The album consists of 11 tracks with a total time of 45 minutes. The first single from the album, "Who Says", was released on September 24, 2009 in advance of album, and was followed on October 19 by the single "Heartbreak Warfare" and the single "Half of My Heart" released on June 21, 2010. Despite the album's commercial success, critics were mixed with their praise; while some reviews were glowing, calling it his "most adventurous",[52][53] others called the album "safe" and noted that "Mayer the singer-songwriter and Mayer the man about town sometimes seem disconnected, like they don’t even belong in the same body."[3][54][55][56]
Mayer admitted to Rolling Stone that he thought Battle Studies was not his best album.[57][58]
[edit] Born and Raised
Early reports indicated that the follow-up to Battle Studies would be called Born and Raised, and would be released in October 2011.[59]
On September 16, 2011 Mayer posted on his blog that his new record, Born and Raised, was being delayed due to granulomas discovered in his throat. The granulomas were found next to the vocal cords and are treatable. Mayer described this as a "temporary setback" and that recording and mixing of "Born and Raised" was entirely finished except for a few remaining vocal tracks. He expects the album to be out in early 2012.[60]
On October 20, 2011 Mayer updated his fans about the treatment of his throat granuloma, announcing that he "had surgery this afternoon to remove it and am now on complete vocal rest for a month or more", during which he plans to "travel the country, look, and listen."[60]
The first single from Born and Raised, called "Shadow Days" was released on February 27, 2012
On February 28, 2012 John Mayer released the track listing for the album and announced that Born and Raised would be released on May 22, 2012.[61]
On March 9, 2012 Mayer announced on his blog that due to the return of a serious throat condition, he has been forced to cancel his tour and refrain from all singing indefinitely.[62]
Other projects[link]
Philanthropy and activism[link]
In 2002, Mayer began the "Back to You" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts, and talent development. The foundation raises funds through the auction of exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts, and signed CDs, made available on Mayer's auction site. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value.[63][64]
Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for global warming held July 7, 2007.[65] He converted his tour bus to bio-diesel fuel.[66]
Mayer has performed at a number of benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007.[67] On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City Arts, and the Los Angeles Mission.[68] Both CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title Where the Light Is in July 2008. It has not been announced whether the DVD proceeds will go to charity or not.[69] Mayer appeared on Songs for Tibet: The Art of Peace, a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.[70]
Design[link]
"I'm actually into sneakers on a design level. I've got a big design thing going on in my life right now ... I love designing stuff. I mean, my biggest dream, forget Grammys, I want to be able to design an Air Max."
—John Mayer (AP, 2006)[71]
In a Rolling Stone interview, Mayer recalled that after former Columbia Records head, Don Ienner, panned Continuum, he briefly considered quitting music and studying design full time.[4] In 2003, Martin Guitars gave Mayer his own signature model acoustic guitar called the OM-28 John Mayer.[72] The guitar was limited to a run of only 404, an Atlanta area code.[73] This model was followed by the release of two Fender signature Stratocaster electric guitars, beginning in 2005. A third Stratocaster, finished in charcoal frost metallic paint with a racing stripe, was also a limited-release, with only 100 guitars made. In January 2006, Martin Guitars released the Martin OMJM John Mayer acoustic guitar. The guitar was intended to have many of the attributes of the Martin OM-28 John Mayer but with a more affordable price tag.[74] In August 2006, Fender started manufacturing SERIES II John Mayer Stratocasters. The new Olympic white with mint green pickguard and cream plastics replaced the shoreline gold model.[75]
In January 2007, Two Rock collaborated with Mayer on custom-designed amps. Only 25 (all signed by Mayer himself) were made available to the public.[76][77] June 2007 saw the release of the "album art" guitar, with the Continuum motif repeated on the face of the instrument,[78] as well as a 500-run John Mayer signature Fender Stratocaster in Cypress-Mica, including the limited Cypress-Mica model was the INCSvsJM gig bag on which Mayer collaborated with Incase designs. In 2006, Mayer was estimated to have more than 200 guitars in his personal collection.[4] In 2010, Fender announced a production model of Mayer's "The Black One" guitar.[79]
Writing[link]
With the June 1, 2004, issue of Esquire, Mayer began a column called "Music Lessons with John Mayer". Each article featured a lesson and his (often humorous) take on various topics, both of personal and popular interest. In the August 2005 issue, he invited readers to create music for orphaned lyrics he had written.[80] The winner was Tim Fagan of L.A., as announced in the following January's issue.[81]
Mayer has been active online, and has maintained four blogs: a Myspace page, a blog at his official site, another at Honeyee.com, one at tumblr.com, and a photoblog at StunningNikon.com. He also is one of the most-followed persons on the micro-blogging site Twitter,[82] reaching 3 million followers in January 2010. Although his posts often deal with career-related matters, they also contain jokes, videos, photos, his convictions, and his personal activities; they sometimes overlap in content. He is noted for writing the blogs himself, and not through a publicist.[16][44] On January 23, 2008, he posted a graphic that read, "Done & Dusted & Self Conscious & Back to Work." on his official blog, followed by the quote "There is danger in theoretical speculation of battle, in prejudice, in false reasoning, in pride, in braggadocio. There is one safe resource, the return to nature..";c[›] all the previous blog entries were deleted.[83]
In the mid-2000s he did stand-up comedy sporadically[82] making random appearances at the famed Comedy Cellar in New York and at other venues. He stated that it helped him write better but that increased media attention made him too careful in his technique.[4]
He co-wrote "Worlds of Chance" with Demi Lovato for her second album Here We Go Again.
Television[link]
In 2004, Mayer hosted a one-shot, half-hour comedy special on VH1 titled John Mayer Has a TV Show, with antics including wearing a bear suit while anonymously teasing concertgoers in the parking lot outside one of his concerts. The American network CBS announced on January 14, 2009 that they were in negotiations with Mayer for a variety show; it may air as a special or as a regular series.[84][85] In an interview with Rolling Stone, posted online on January 22, 2010, Mayer confirmed that the program, also called John Mayer Has a TV Show, was still in development, and that personnel were being hired. He described the concept as "a high quality music performance show, where I could also steer it a little bit. It's about there being a bastion of artists being made to look good and sound good.".[86]
Mayer has made many appearances on talk shows and other television programs, most notably, on a Chappelle's Show comedy skit, Late Night with David Letterman and on the final episode of Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Mayer made an appearance with Rob Dyrdek in the MTV show Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory.
Mayer has written the theme song to the upcoming show Rollin' with Zach on the OWN network.
Touring[link]
Mayer has toured with many musical groups, including Maroon 5,[87] Guster, Howie Day, Mat Kearney, Counting Crows,[88] Ben Folds, The Wallflowers, Teitur,[89] Brett Dennen, Sheryl Crow, Colbie Caillat, Train, Ellie Goulding, OneRepublic and Paramore. Crow and Mayer, who had just previously appeared on the Cars Soundtrack together, co-headlined a tour that ran from August to October 2006.[90] In 2007, Mayer toured Europe, hoping to reach the popularity abroad that he enjoys in North America.[91] The initial North American Continuum tour ended on February 28, 2007, with a show at Madison Square Garden, a performance which the New York Post described as "career-defining."[92] In 2010, Mayer and Keith Urban performed at a CMT Crossroads concert which saw Mayer and Urban performing a medley of their own songs together and a rendition of George Michael's single, "Faith". This performance was led to Urban and Mayer teaming up again for future performances, including at the 2010 CMT Music Awards.
Mayer allows audio taping at most of his live performances, and he also allows for the non-commercial trading of those recordings. He does this to give fans the opportunity to recreate the live experience, and to encourage fan interaction.[93]
Mayer often shows up at small venues unannounced (or with little advance notice) for surprise concerts—occasionally for free or without accepting the performance fee.[94][95][96][97] He has made appearances throughout the Los Angeles, Atlanta and New York areas, including shows at The Laugh Factory,[98] Eddie's Attic,[99] and the Village Underground.[97] His latest surprise appearance was on January 8, 2011 at Hotel Cafe where he played seven new unreleased songs. In 2004, after being asked for numerous past years, he performed for over 1000 students at the Pennsbury High School Senior Prom. Wonderland, a book written by Micheal Bamberger, describes the world- famous prom and John Mayer's performance.
Touring band members[link]
- Current members
- David Ryan Harris – guitar, backing vocals (2003–present)
- Sean Hurley – bass, backing vocals (2008–present)
- Chuck Leavell - keyboards (2011–present)
- Aaron Sterling - drums (2011–present)
- Former members
- Bob Reynolds – saxophones, flute (2006–2008, 2010)
- Robbie McIntosh – guitar, slide guitar, backing vocals (2006–2010)
- Pino Palladino - Bass (2010)
- Keith Carlock - drums, percussion (2010)
- David LaBruyere – bass (1999–2008)
- Nir Z - drums (2001)
- Matt Mangano - guitar (2001)
- Matt Johnson - drums (2002)
- Stephen Chopek – drums, percussion (2001–2002)
- Michael Chaves – guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (2001–2005)
- Kevin Lovejoy – keyboards (2003–2004)
- Erik Jekabsen – trumpet, flugelhorn (2003–2004)
- Chris Karlic – saxophone, flute (2003–2005)
- J.J. Johnson – drums (2003–2005, 2006–2008)
- Onree Gill – keyboards (2004–2005)
- Chuck McKinnon – trumpet, flugelhorn (2004–2005)
- Keith Carlock - drums, percussion (2010–2011)
- Ricky Peterson – keyboards, organ, backing vocals (2006–2007)
- Charlie Wilson – keyboards (2009–2011)
- Tim Bradshaw – keyboards, organ, lap steel guitar, backing vocals (2007–2008)
- Kenna Ramsey - backing vocals (2009–2010)
- Melanie Taylor - backing vocals (2009–2010)
- Steve Jordan – drums, percussion, backing vocals (2003, 2005–2006, 2009–2010)
- Brad Mason - trumpet, flugelhorn (2006–2008)
Personal life[link]
Mayer has a number of tattoos. These include: "Home" and "Life" (from the song title) on the back of his left and right arms respectively, "77" (his year of birth) on the left side of his chest, and a koi-like fish on his right shoulder. His entire left arm is covered in a sleeve tattoo that he acquired gradually, ending in April 2008; it includes: "SRV" (for his idol, Stevie Ray Vaughan) on his shoulder, a decorated rectangle on his biceps, a dragon-like figure on his inner arm, and various other floral designs. In 2003, he got a tattoo of three squares on his right forearm, which, he has explained, he will fill in gradually.[100]
Mayer has followed the discipline of Krav Maga.[101][102][103] He is an avid collector of watches and owns timepieces worth tens of thousands of dollars.[104][105] Mayer also has an extensive collection of sneakers, estimated (in 2006[update]) at more than 200 pairs.[4][106]
Mayer's parents concluded an uncontested divorce on May 27, 2009.[107] After the divorce, Mayer moved his (82-year-old) father to an assisted-living facility in Los Angeles.[3]
In September 2011, according to a Rolling Stone magazine article, Mayer has granuloma in his throat which must be treated surgically – this has caused him to cancel various planned shows.[108]
Mayer sold his home in the Los Angeles suburbs in 2011.[3][4][109] He also recently sold his apartment in New York City's SoHo neighborhood and moved to Montana following his throat surgery where he has purchased a home.[110]
[edit] Playboy interview controversy
In April 2010 Mayer gave a controversial interview to Playboy magazine, in which he made sexually explicit comments about former girlfriends Jessica Simpson and Jennifer Aniston. It was alleged that one remark he made in the interview was racist.[111] He later apologized onstage for these statements.[112]
Despite assertions that he would not be doing any more press,[86] an interview with Playboy magazine (posted to their website on February 10, 2010) set off accusations in the media and on Twitter of his being a misogynist, kiss-and-tell ex-boyfriend, and racist.[101][113] He apologized via Twitter for his use of the word "nigger," saying, "It was arrogant of me to think I could intellectualize...a word that is so emotionally charged."[114] He also tearfully apologized to his band and fans at his concert in Nashville later that night.[115] Mayer was dubbed an "accidental racist" by comedian, Kumail Nanjiani.[116]
Solo discography[link]
Main article: John Mayer discography
- Room for Squares (2001)
- Heavier Things (2003)
- Continuum (2006)
- Battle Studies (2009)
- Born and Raised (2012)
Awards[link]
Grammy Awards[link]
Mayer has won seven awards from eighteen nominations.
| Year | Awardee | Category | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | John Mayer | Best New Artist | Nominated |
| "Your Body Is a Wonderland" | Best Male Pop Vocal Performance | Won | |
| 2005 | "Daughters" | Song of the Year | Won |
| Best Male Pop Vocal Performance | Won | ||
| 2007 | Continuum | Album of the Year | Nominated |
| Best Pop Vocal Album | Won | ||
| Try! | Best Rock Album | Nominated | |
| "Waiting on the World to Change" | Best Male Pop Vocal Performance | Won | |
| "Route 66" | Best Male Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated | |
| 2008 | "Belief" | Best Male Pop Vocal Performance | Nominated |
| 2009 | "Say" | Best Male Pop Vocal Performance | Won |
| Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | Nominated | ||
| "Gravity" | Best Male Rock Vocal Performance | Won | |
| "Lesson Learned" | Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals | Nominated | |
| Where the Light Is: John Mayer Live in Los Angeles | Best Long Form Music Video | Nominated | |
| 2011 | Battle Studies | Best Pop Vocal Album | Nominated |
| "Half of My Heart" | Best Male Pop Vocal Performance | Nominated | |
| "Crossroads" | Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance | Nominated |
Others awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Award | Category |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | MTV Video Music Awards |
|
| Orville H. Gibson Guitar Awards |
|
|
| VH1 Big in 2002 Awards |
|
|
| Pollstar Concert Industry Awards |
|
|
| 2003 | 20th Annual ASCAP Awards |
|
| 31st Annual American Music Awards |
|
|
| 15th Annual Boston Music Awards |
|
|
| MTV Video Music Awards |
|
|
| Radio Music Awards |
|
|
| Teen People Awards |
|
|
| Danish Music Awards |
|
|
| 2004 | BDS Certified Spin Awards March 2004 recipients |
|
| 2005 | 33rd annual American Music Awards |
|
| World Music Awards |
|
|
| People's Choice Awards |
|
|
| 2007 | 35th Annual American Music Awards |
|
| 23rd Annual TEC Awards |
|
See also[link]
Notes[link]
^ a: Generally, it was believed that Mayer's father, a Bridgeport High School principal, had given him a tape player (confiscated from a student) that happened to contain Stevie Ray Vaughan album. However, in a 2006 interview on the New Zealand show Close Up (and other interviews), Mayer said that this wasn't true.[13]
^ b: "Bittersweet Poetry" was released in the summer of 2007 (three years after its creation) as an iTunes pre-order bonus track to the album Graduation.
^ c: The quote is taken from the posthumously-published book Battle Studies by Colonel Ardant Du Picq (d. 1870)[119]
^ d: His actual words were: "Jessica はとても素敵な女性で、一緒に居られて最高です。" In Romanized script, he said "Jessica wa totemo suteki na josei de, issho ni irarete saikō desu."
Footnotes[link]
- ^ See inogolo:pronunciation of John Mayer
- ^ Rolling Stone Music (2001). "John Mayer: Biography" rollingstone.com. Retrieved August 21, 2011
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hedegaard, Erik (February 4, 2010), "The Dirty Mind and Lonely Heart of John Mayer". Rolling Stone (1097); pgs. 36-45, 68
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hiatt, Brian (September 21, 2006), "My Big Mouth Strikes Again". Rolling Stone (1009): pgs. 66-70
- ^ (2003). "45th Annual GRAMMY Award - Best Male Pop Vocal Performance" grammy.com. Retrieved October 23, 2011
- ^ No byline (October 7, 2002), "It's Hip to Be Square". People. 58 (15):107
- ^ a b c Ruth Shaut. Elle magazine (2006) "Blues Brother" J-mayer.org. Retrieved August 3, 2006
- ^ Bloom, Nate (March 16, 2010). "Interfaith Celebrities: The Fishers and the Tweeters". InterfaithFamily.com. http://www.interfaithfamily.com/arts_and_entertainment/popular_culture/Interfaith_CelebritiesThe_Fishers_and_the_Tweeters.shtml. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen (December 27, 2004). "John Mayer Bounced from His Alma Mater". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1012082,00.html. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
- ^ a b Eliscu, Jenny (November 27, 2003), "Songs in the Key of Mayer". Rolling Stone. (936): 52-56
- ^ Sound Stage staff writer (2005). "John Mayer with special guest Buddy Guy" PBS.org. Retrieved May 31, 2007
- ^ a b c (2005). "Men Of The Week: Entertainment-John Mayer" AskMen.com. Retrieved April 12, 2006
- ^ a b (2006) "Mon Nov 6: Telecom; Spam Attack; John Mayer" TVNZ online. Retrieved December 6, 2006
- ^ a b c Mather, John; Hedegaard, Erik (March 2008), "The Wonder of John Mayer Land". Best Life. vol unknown (3):140
- ^ Wallace, William (2005) "Joe Beleznay wants to be the ball" TweedMag.com. Retrieved October 30, 2006
- ^ a b "John Mayer". Melissa and Sid. March 31, 2008
- ^ No byline (2007). "John Mayer: Five Fun Facts", People.com. Retrieved November 28, 2007
- ^ a b Small, Mark (2005). "John Mayer '98: Running with the Big Dogs" Berklee.edu. Retrieved April 23, 2007
- ^ a b Guthrie, Blake (2003). "Mayer of Atlanta: John Mayer plays Philips Arena, and all I got was this lousy cover story" CreativeLoafing.com. Retrieved February 17, 2007
- ^ Alter, Gaby (2007) "Tour Profile: John Mayer" MixOline.com. Retrieved April 23, 2007
- ^ (Adobe Engagement Platform) South by Southwest Music Festival. Blender. March 2000. http://www.blender.com/JohnMayerSXSW2001/video/7344.aspx?src=BB3839:MD. Retrieved October 11, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Proefrock, Stacia (2005). "Biography" AllMusicGuide.com. Retrieved April 23, 2007.
- ^ No byline. "A Brief History" AwareRecords.com. Retrieved June 12, 2007
- ^ Back, Alan (2001). "John Mayer carves out his own niche with national debut album" Nique.net. Retrieved June 22, 2007 Archived September 29, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bream, Jon (2007) "Win or lose, John Mayer says his work keeps him happy" Star-Ecentral.com. Retrieved April 23, 2007
- ^ Serpick, Evan (February 2007), "Grammy Preview: John Mayer", Rolling Stone Volume unknown: pg. 32
- ^ Crawford, Erik (2003) "Review" AllMusic.com. Retrieved on June 8, 2007.
- ^ Medsker, David (2003). "Love me, love me, say that you love me..." Pop Matters. Retrieved June 8, 2007
- ^ MacNeil, Jason (2003). "Heavier Things" MetaCritic.com. Retrieved June 4, 2007
- ^ (2006) John Mayer SongWritersHallofFame.org. Retrieved September 29, 2006. Archived October 1, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bio JohnMayer.com. Retrieved June 25, 2007. Archived July 20, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Deitrich, Andy (2004) "Making music for the non-musically inclined" ArsTechnica.com. Retrieved June 12, 2007
- ^ Krazit, Tom (2007). "Live Macworld coverage" News.com. Retrieved June 12, 2007
- ^ VDubsRock official site(2006). VDubsRock.com. Retrieved January 23, 2007
- ^ Rodriguez, Jason (2007). "Shawty's Story: Lloyd Says He Stole From Usher, Loves John Mayer" MTV.com. Retrieved April 16, 2007
- ^ a b Moss, Corey (2005) "John Mayer Plans To 'Close Up Shop On Acoustic Sensitive'" MTV.com. Retrieved April 12, 2006
- ^ MTV staff writer (2005)"Common Food for Thought" MTV.com. Retrieved June 27, 2007
- ^ a b Fricke, David (February 22, 2007). "The New Guitar Gods" Rolling Stone. (1020): 39-47
- ^ Bird, Rick (2007) "Mayer slings his guitar on 'Continuum' tour" The Cincinnati Post. Retrieved June 25, 2007 Archived September 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Moss Corey (2005). "John Mayer Trio Geek Out With Live Album, Rolling Stones Jokes" MTV.com. Retrieved June 8, 2007
- ^ Mayer, John (2006). "The Continuum Super Blog" JohnMayer.com Blog. Retrieved December 12, 2006
- ^ Mayer, John (2006). "Continuum First Listen" JohnMayer.com. Retrieved June 8, 2007
- ^ No byline (2006). "'The Village Sessions' Released Today" JohnMayer.com. Retrieved June 8, 2007
- ^ a b Tyrangiel, Josh (May 14, 2007) "John Mayer" TIME 169 (20): pg. 140
- ^ JohnMayer.org staff "Continuum (special edition) to be released on November 20; includes 6 live tracks and new single, Say" Retrieved November 19, 2007
- ^ "Mayercraft Carrier Cruise: February 1–4, 2008: A John Mayer/Sixthman Experience". Mayercraft.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011001821/http://mayercraftcarrier.com/artists.html. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
- ^ "'Where the light is' live album is released today", July 1, 2008
- ^ Cashmere, Paul (August 3, 2009), "Guy Sebastian Album To Be Released In October". Undercover Music News. . Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ Newman-Bremang, Kathleen (May 12, 2009), "Crosby Loggins Nabs John Mayer, Kara DioGuardi For Debut Album'Rock the Cradle' winner plans to drop Time to Move in July". MTV.com. (Retrieved June 24, 2009) and "Time to Move". Amazon. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B002F7ZZSI. Retrieved September 8, 2009.
- ^ Powers, Ann; Martens, Todd (July 7, 2009) "Michael Jackson memorial: John Mayer performs 'Human Nature'". LA Times . Retrieved July 8, 2009
- ^ SISARIO, BEN (November 26, 2009), "John Mayer Is No. 1 In Pre-Holiday Week". New York Times. :2
- ^ Graff, Gary (November 14, 2009), "Battle Studies".. Billboard. 121 (45):32
- ^ Arnold, Chuck (November 30, 2009), "Battle Studies". People.72 (22): pg. 49
- ^ Jerry Shriver; Elysa Gardner; Edna Gundersen (November 17, 2009), "Albums". USA Today.
- ^ Greenblatt, Leah (November 20, 2009), "Battle Studies". Entertainment Weekly. (1076):84
- ^ Keefe, Jonathan (November 22, 2009), "John Mayer - Battle Studies". Slant magazine. Retrieved February 8, 2010
- ^ "John Mayer's Dirty Mind Lonely Heart". Rollingstone.com. January 19, 2010. http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2010/01/19/john-mayers-dirty-mind-lonely-heart-new-issue-of-rolling-stone/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ "John Mayer Does ‘Rolling Stone’ Magazine". Pink is the New Blog. January 20, 2010. http://www.pinkisthenewblog.com/2010/01/john-mayer-does-rolling-stone-magazine. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ "John Mayer to Release New Album in October". andPOP.com. May 17, 2011. http://www.andpop.com/2011/05/17/john-mayer-to-release-new-album-in-october. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
- ^ a b "One Forty Plus". Jhnmyr.tumblr.com. http://jhnmyr.tumblr.com/. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ "News". John Mayer. http://johnmayer.com/news/news-18431927036/. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ Oldenburg, Ann (March 9, 2012). "John Mayer cancels tour, takes 'indefinite hiatus'". http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2012/03/john-mayer-cancels-tour-takes-indefinite-hiatus/1#.T1qnGnJSQkc. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
- ^ No byline (2006). The Official John Mayer Auction Site JohnMayerAuction.com. Retrieved April 23, 2007.
- ^ "John Mayer" BusinessHere.com. Retrieved April 23, 2007 Archived February 4, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kilgore, Kim (2007). "More cities added to John Mayer's itinerary". Retrieved on May 1, 2007
- ^ Mayer, John (2007) "(Not) Waiting on the World to Change - Entry no. 1" JohnMayer.com. Retrieved on May 1, 2007. (archived link)
- ^ Virginia Tech (August 1, 2006).A Concert For Virginia Tech[dead link].
- ^ Mayer, John. New Show: 1st annual holiday charity revenue on December 8 at Nokia Theatre LA Live. Published November 14, 2007 by JohnMayer.com. Retrieved November 27, 2007
- ^ Mayer, John. DVD Shoot. Published November 26, 2007 by JohnMayer.com. Retrieved November 27, 2007. (archived link)
- ^ Finn, Natalie (July 22, 2008), "Sting, Matthews, Mayer Gamer for Tibet Than Beijing" E-Online. Retrieved July 25, 2008
- ^ AP correspondent (2006). "John Mayer sings the blues to make better pop" MSNBC.com. Retrieved on January 29, 2007.
- ^ (2003). "John Mayer Receives Signature Martin OM Guitar". Retrieved January 29, 2007.
- ^ Sounding Board Newsletter contributor (2003) "John Mayer Signature OM" MartinGuitar.com. Retrieved January 29, 2007
- ^ "Fretbase, John Mayer's Signature Acoustic Guitar - the Martin OMJM (2008)". Fretbase.com. August 4, 2008. http://www.fretbase.com/fretbase/2008/08/john-mayers-sig.html. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ Mayer, John (2006). "The New JM Signature Strat Colorway" JohnMayer.com. Retrieved January 30, 2007.
- ^ Mayer, John (2007). "Two-Rock Signature Amp Demo" JohnMayer.com. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
- ^ No byline (2007). "John Mayer Signature" Two-Rock.com. Retrieved May 10, 2007. Archived May 2, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mayer, John (2007). "Win This Guitar"[dead link] Honeyee.com. Retrieved June 11, 2007.
- ^ Lu, Anne (February 27, 2009), "John Mayer Teams Up With Fender To Recreate "The Black One" Guitar". allheadlinenews.com
- ^ Mayer, John (September 2005), "The Giveaway: John Mayer's Songwriting Contest" Esquire. 144 (3):80
- ^ Mayer, John (January 2006), "Tim Fagan Is A Winner". Esquire. 145 (1): pg. 38
- ^ a b Daly, Steven (December 2009), "John Mayer Thinks With His Pick". Details magazine. Retrieved February 8, 2010
- ^ [1] JohnMayer.com. Retrieved January 31, 2008
- ^ "CBS Piloting John Mayer Variety Show". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved January 14, 2009
- ^ (January 14, 2009), "TCA Press Tour: CBS loves John Mayer". The Los Angeles Times. . Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b (January 22, 2010), "John Mayer in His Own Words". RollingStone.com
- ^ Dansby, Andrew (2004). "Mayer, Maroon 5 Hit the Road" Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 12, 2006. Archived February 12, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Dansby, Andrew (2003). "Mayer, Crows to Tour " Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 12, 2006. Archived February 12, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mayer, John (2004). "Music Lessons with John Mayer" FindArticles.com. Retrieved January 28, 2007.
- ^ AP (2006). "Crow, Mayer Teaming For Tour" Billboard.com. Retrieved May 31, 2007.
- ^ Sinclair, David (2007). "John Mayer: My Atlantic crossing" Belfast Telegraph online. Retrieved January 28, 2007. Archived January 27, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Aquilante, Dan (2007). "Mayer: A Player On Big Stage" Nypost.com. Retrieved on March 2, 2007.
- ^ General Information Local 83: Listener's Union. Retrieved June 25, 2007. Archived June 11, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ New York staff (October 15, 2007), "John Mayer plays tiny surprise show in New York". NME.com. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
- ^ Kaplan, Michelle (December 6, 2010), "John Mayer’s Surprise Appearance". YeahNewYork.com. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
- ^ (August 9, 2009), "Secret Show Tonight 8/9/09 at LA'S Troubadour!"'. JohnMayer.com. Retrieved January 18, 2011
- ^ a b (June 18, 2010), "John Mayer packs Village Underground in just one hour after tweeting about it". NYPost.com. Retrieved January 18, 2011
- ^ (2006). "Mayer Apologises To Hewitt" ContactMusic.com. Retrieved on January 5, 2006.
- ^ Swartz, Kristi E., et al. (September 8, 2010), "John Mayer plays surprise Eddie's Attic show Tuesday". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved January 18, 2011
- ^ Collis, Clark (2003). "Dear Superstar: John Mayer" Blender.com. Retrieved on November 2, 2006.
- ^ a b (February 10, 2010), John Mayer: Playboy Interview Playboy. Retrieved February 10, 2010
- ^ "Saturday, December 5", RedCarpet.com. Retrieved on February 2, 2010
- ^ "Saturday, December 5", RedCarpet.com. Retrieved on February 2, 2010
- ^ Lieberman, Bari (2007). "The Mayer of Grammy-ville" The Hurricane Online. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
- ^ Mayer, John (2006). "Chronometer love/the hottest watch of '07" Honeyee.com. Retrieved April 25, 2007.
- ^ Mayer, John (2006). "Perks" JohnMayer.com/blog. Retrieved on January 4, 2007.
- ^ Mayer, Margaret v. Mayer, Richard, FBT-FA09-4027662-S (2009)
- ^ By Matthew Perpetua (September 19, 2011). "John Mayer Diagnosed With Throat Condition | Music News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/john-mayer-diagnosed-with-throat-condition-20110919. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ Beale, Lauren (January 27, 2011). "John Mayer sells his Pacific Palisades wonderland". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jan/27/home/la-hm-hotprop-john-mayer-20110127.
- ^ "John Mayer now lives in Montana". Missoula Independent. 15 May 2012. http://missoulanews.bigskypress.com/IndyBlog/archives/2012/05/15/john-mayer-now-lives-in-montana. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ^ Huffington Post
- ^ US Magazine
- ^ Herrera, Monica (February 10, 2010), "John Mayer's Sexually, Racially Charged Playboy Interview Sparks Outrage". Billboard.com. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
- ^ Mayer, John (February 10, 2010), Twitter entry. Twitter.com. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
- ^ (February 10, 2010), "John Mayer Cries/Apologizes in Nashville, TN 2/10/2010 Sommet Center". YouTube.com. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
- ^ "John Mayer Labeled an ‘Accidental Racist’ After Interrupting Kumail Nanjiani’s Recent Stand-up Set"
- ^ Twentieth Annual Pop Music Awards ASCAP.com Retrieved November 28, 2007
- ^ Macone, Steven (2003). "Local musicians honored at BMAs" Daily Free Press. Retrieved February 12, 2007.
- ^ Du Picq, Ardant; Translated by Greely, John N.; Cotton Robert C. (2006) Battle Studies Location unknown:BiblioBazaar, LLC, 35. ISBN 1-4264-2311-X
References[link]
- Edwards, G. (2006) Is Tiny Dancer Really Elton's Little John?, New York: Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 0-307-34603-X
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Mayer |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Mayer |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Mayer, John Clayton |
| Alternative names | Mayer, Johnny |
| Short description | Guitarist and singer/songwriter |
| Date of birth | October 16, 1977 |
| Place of birth | Bridgeport, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Matt Dillahunty | |
|---|---|
 Matt Dillahunty on The Atheist Experience TV show, 25th July 2006. |
|
| Born | (1969-03-31) March 31, 1969 (age 43) |
| Nationality | USA |
| Known for | Atheism activism |
Matt Dillahunty is the president of the Atheist Community of Austin, the host of the live internet radio show "Non-Prophets Radio" and of the Austin Public-access television cable TV show The Atheist Experience.[1] He is also the founder and contributor of the counter-apologetics encyclopedia Iron Chariots and its subsidiary sites.[2]
Biography[link]
Matt was raised as a Baptist Christian and sought to become a Baptist minister.[3] His religious studies, instead of bolstering his faith as he intended, led to a rejection of Christianity and, eventually, all religions.[4]
References[link]
- ^ Lyz (February 22, 2010). "Matt Dillahunty". Secular Student Alliance. http://www.secularstudents.org/mattdillahunty. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
- ^ Iron Chariots - the counter-apologetics wiki.
- ^ Eileen E. Flynn (March 18, 2007). "Preaching his own gospel of atheism". Austin American-Statesman. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AASB&p_theme=aasb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=117F829CB4CBAFA0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
- ^ Atheist Experience: Matt Dillahunty
External links[link]
- Matt Dillahunty on Twitter
- The Non-Prophets homepage
- The Atheist Experience homepage
- Saving believers: Former Christian finds calling to preach the good news of atheism
- PBS: Public-Access TV Fights for Relevance in the YouTube Age
- The Atheist Experience live stream
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dillahunty, Matt |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 31 March 1969 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
  |
This United States biographical article related to radio is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
