Name	Beaune
Caption	Courtyard of the Hospices de Beaune
Region	Bourgogne
Department	Côte-d'Or
Arrondissement	Beaune
Insee	21054
Postal code	21200
Mayor	Alain Suguenot
Term	2008–2014
Longitude	4.83972222222
Latitude	47.025
Elevation m	219
Elevation min m	193
Elevation max m	407
Area km2	31.30
Population	21923
Population date	1999

Beaune is the wine capital of Burgundy, in the Cote d'Or department. It is located between Paris and Geneva.

Beaune is one of the key wine centers in France. Indeed the annual wine auction of the Hospices de Beaune is the primary wine auction in France. Beaune is surrounded by some of the world's most famous wine villages; the facilities and cellars of many producers large and small are in Beaune.

It is an ancient and historic town on the plain, by the hills of the Cote d'Or. There are features from pre-Roman and Roman times, from the Antiquity, medieval, renaissance and modern times.

Beaune is a walled city: about half of the battlements, ramparts, and the moat, remain in good condition. The central "old town" is extensive. Historically Beaune is intimately connected with the Dukes of Burgundy.

Landmarks in Beaune include the Halles, the Hospices, the Beffroi, and Notre Dame.

There is extensive "traditional" shopping clustered around the central square with a focus on gourmet food, fashion, and wine. Large supermarkets, business parks, etc., are on the outskirts of town. Beaune is the center for wine industry services (such as tractor and cuverie equipment) and a number of wine-related institutes and educational facilities. The train station is served by TGV, through Dijon or Lyon.

Beaune has a major fine food market on Saturdays from 9 sharp to 12 sharp with a large number of suppliers of everything produced in Burgundy and surrounding regions (for example, Bresse chickens, Jura cheeses, smallgoods, epicerie, produce of every type and seasonal specialties such as truffles). There is also a smaller market on Wednesday. There are various special-event markets and fetes throughout the year.

Beaune enjoys a good amount of tourism, but it is not primarily a tourist driven town, as it is sustained by the wine industry. There are about five traditional smaller hotels intramuros, and about five chain hotels on the outskirts.

Technically Beaune is a commune in eastern France, a sub-prefecture of department 21, the Côte-d'Or department, in the Bourgogne region.

Wine

Beaune is one of the wine communes of the Côte de Beaune subregion of the Burgundy wine region, which bears the name of this town. Although Beaune is lacking a Grand Cru vineyard within the commune, it is the hub of the region's wine business, as most of Burgundy's major négociants are located here. Beaune is renowned for its annual charity wine auction on behalf of the Hospices de Beaune.

It is situated on the route des Grands Crus tourist route among the vineyards. The road runs north from Beaune to Gevrey Chambertin and Nuits-Saint-Georges and south to Nolay, Saisy and Autun.

Hospices de Beaune

Founded in 1442 by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of the Duke of Burgundy, and his wife, the Hospices are a charity running hospitals and other services for the needy. Following from past donations, they own vineyards in Burgundy.

Notable people

Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941), race car driver and co-founder of the Chevrolet Motor Car Company with William C. Durant.

Bruno Latour (born 1947), anthropologist and an influential theorist in the field of Science and Technology Studies.

Étienne-Jules Marey (1830–1904), scientist and chronophotographer, widely considered to be a pioneer of photography and an influential pioneer of the history of cinema.

Gaspard Monge (1746–1818), mathematician and inventor of descriptive geometry.

Félix Ziem (1821–1911), painter in the style of the Barbizon School

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Beaune is twinned with: {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | Nantucket, Massachusetts, United States - since October 21, 2006 Bensheim, Germany - since June 12, 1960 Malmedy, Belgium - since June 11, 1962 || Krems, Austria - since March 23, 1976 Katsunuma, Japan - since September 18, 1976 Berkhamsted, United Kingdom Missoula, Montana

See also

Burgundy wine

Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

French wine

References

INSEE commune file

External links

Official website Beaune tourism office

Châteaux in and around the town of Beaune

Hospices de Beaune

Hospices de Beaune Fuller version in French

Pictures of Beaune Basilica

File:Rogier van der Weyden 002.jpg|The Last Judgment (Rogier van der Weyden), Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune File:Nicolas Rolin.jpg|Nicolas Rolin, founder of the Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune File:Mairie-de-beaune.JPG|Beaune City Hall

Category:Communes of Côte-d'Or Category:Subprefectures in France

(1749)]]George Frideric Handel (German: Georg Friedrich Händel; ) (23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer, famous for his operas, oratorios, and concertos. Handel was born in Germany in the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti. He received critical musical training in Italy before settling in London and becoming a naturalised British subject.

Handel never married, and kept his personal life private. Handel's initial will bequeathed the bulk of his estate to his niece Johanna, however four codicils distributed much of his estate to other relations, servants, friends and charities. Beethoven emphasised above all the simplicity and popular appeal of Handel's music when he said, "Go to him to learn how to achieve great effects, by such simple means".

Homages

After Handel's death, many composers wrote works based on or inspired by his music. The first movement from Louis Spohr's Symphony No. 6, Op. 116, "The Age of Bach and Handel", resembles two melodies from Handel's Messiah. In 1797 Ludwig van Beethoven published the 12 Variations in G major on ‘See the conqu’ring hero comes’ from Judas Maccabaeus by Handel, for cello and piano. Guitar virtuoso Mauro Giuliani composed his Variations on a Theme by Handel, Op. 107 for guitar, based on Handel's Suite No. 5 in E major, HWV 430, for harpsichord. In 1861, using a theme from the second of Handel's harpsichord suites, Johannes Brahms wrote the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24, one of his most successful works (praised by Richard Wagner). Several works by the French composer Félix-Alexandre Guilmant use Handel's themes, for example his March on a Theme by Handel uses a theme from Messiah. French composer and flautist Philippe Gaubert wrote his Petite marche for flute and piano based on the fourth movement of Handel's Trio Sonata, Op. 5, No. 2, HWV 397. Argentine composer Luis Gianneo composed his Variations on a Theme by Handel for piano. In 1911, Australian-born composer and pianist Percy Grainger based one of his most famous works on the final movement of Handel's Suite No. 5 in E major (just like Giuliani). He first wrote some variations on the theme, which he titled Variations on Handel's ‘The Harmonious Blacksmith’ . Then he used the first sixteen bars of his set of variations to create Handel in the Strand, one of his most beloved pieces, of which he made several versions (for example, the piano solo version from 1930). Arnold Schoenberg's Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra in B flat major (1933) was composed after Handel's Concerto Grosso, Op. 6/7.

in 1784]]

Veneration

Handel is honored together with Johann Sebastian Bach and Henry Purcell with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on 28 July.

He is commemorated as a musician in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 28 July, with Johann Sebastian Bach and Heinrich Schütz.

See also

Handel Commemoration

List of compositions by George Frideric Handel

List of operas by Handel

The letters and writings of George Frideric Handel

The will of George Frideric Handel

Publications by Friedrich Chrysander

*

Primary sources

Handel Reference Database (in progress)

Notes

References

Chrissochoidis, Ilias. "Early Reception of Handel's Oratorios, 1732–1784: Narrative – Studies – Documents" (Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 2004), available through UMI.

Frosch, W.A., ">The "case" of George Frideric Handel, New England Journal of Medicine, 1989; 321:765–769, 14 Sep 1989.

Harris, Ellen T. (general editor) The librettos of Handel's operas: a collection of seventy librettos documenting Handel's operatic career New York: Garland, 1989. ISBN 0-8240-3862-2

Harris, Ellen T. Handel as Orpheus. Voice and Desire in the Chamber Cantatas Harvard University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-674-00617-8

Hogwood, Christopher. Handel. London: Thames and Hudson, 1984. ISBN 0-500-01355-1

Keates, Jonathan. Handel, the man and his music. London: V. Gollancz, 1985. ISBN 0-575-03573-0

Leopold, Silke. "Händel die Opern" Bärenreiter 2009, ISBN 978-3-7618-1991-3

Meynell, Hugo. The Art of Handel's Operas The Edwin Mellen Press (1986) ISBN 0-88946-425-1

External links

Edward Dent's Handel biography from Project Gutenberg

The second volume of Winton Dean for "Handel's Operas" covering the years 1726–1741

Friedrich Chrysander's Handel biography (in German)

Biographical details web site

Handel Houses:

*The Handel House Museum

*The Händel-Haus in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt

References on Handel

Scores and recordings

: includes Complete Works Edition (Ausgabe der Deutschen Händelgesellschaft)

The Mutopia Project provides free downloading of sheet music and MIDI files for some of Handel's works.

Free typeset sheet music of Handel's works from Cantorion.org

Handel cylinder recordings, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.

Handel's Sheet Music by Free-scores

Kunst der Fuge: George Frideric Handel – MIDI files

Water Music, Organ Concertos op. 4, Tamerlano, etc. Creative Commons recordings

Category:1685 births Category:1759 deaths Category:People from Halle, Saxony-Anhalt Category:Opera composers Category:Baroque composers Category:English classical organists Category:English composers Category:English people of German descent Category:German composers Category:German immigrants to the United Kingdom Category:German classical organists Category:Organ improvisers Category:Composers for pipe organ Category:Members of the Royal Society of Musicians Category:Glee composers Category:People from the Duchy of Magdeburg Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar Category:18th-century German people Category:Walhalla enshrinees Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey Category:Anglican saints Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom