Llívia

Friday, 04 January 2013

El Maky # 74 - Llívia, un exclave singular

Les muletiers devant le Christ de la Llivia - Déodat de Severac

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Bellver de Cerdanya
Bellver de Cerdanya is a town in the comarca of Cerdanya, province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.

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Bolvir
Bolvir is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 10.34 square kilometres (3.99 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 393 people.
Coordinates: 42°25′N 1°53′E / 42.417°N 1.883°E / 42.417; 1.883

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Capcir
Capcir (Catalan: [kəpˈsir], locally: [kəˈdzir]; French: [kapsiʁ]) is a historical Catalan comarca of Northern Catalonia, now part of the French Département of Pyrénées-Orientales. The capital of the comarca was Formiguera, and it borders the historical comarques of Conflent and Alta Cerdanya. Capcir is on a plateau, averaging 1500 metres above sea level, and allows passage between the high valleys of Aude and both the Spanish Cerdanya and French Cerdagne. It has traditionally been rural, but has developed considerably in last the forty years thanks to its tourist attractions. Capcir has two nicknames: little Siberia or little Canada. This gives an idea of the climate which can prevail during the winter.
Coordinates: 42°37′0″N 2°07′0″E / 42.616667°N 2.116667°E / 42.616667; 2.116667

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Catalonia
Catalonia (English /kætəˈloʊniə/, /kætəˈloʊnjə/; Catalan: Catalunya [kətəˈɫuɲə] or [kataˈluɲa]; Spanish: Cataluña [kataˈluɲa]; Occitan: Catalonha [kataˈluɲɔ]) is an autonomous region of Spain in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula, with the official status of a "nationality". Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona which is the second largest Spanish city by population after Madrid. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an official population of 7,535,251. Its borders essentially reflect those of the former Principality of Catalonia. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east (580 km coastline). The official languages are Catalan, Spanish and Aranese (Occitan).
The name Catalunya (Catalonia) began to be used in the late 11th century in reference to the group of counties that comprised the Marca Hispanica. The origin of the term is subject to diverse interpretations. A theory suggests that Catalunya derives from the term "Land of Castles", having evolved from the term castlà, the ruler of a castle (see castellan). This theory therefore suggests that the names Castile and Catalonia have the same etymology.

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Cerdanya
Cerdanya (Catalan pronunciation: [sərˈðaɲə], Latin: Ceretania or Ceritania, French: Cerdagne, Spanish: Cerdaña) is a natural comarca and historical region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain. Historically it has been one of the counties of Catalonia.
Cerdanya has a land area of 1,086 km² (419 sq mi), divided almost evenly between Spain (50.3%) and France (49.7%). In 2001 its population was approximately 26,500, of whom 53% lived on Spanish territory. Its population density of 24 residents per km² (63 per sq. mile) is one of the lowest in Western Europe. The only urban area in Cerdanya is the cross-border urban area of Puigcerdà-Bourg-Madame, which contained 10,900 inhabitants in 2001.
The area enjoys a high annual amount of sunshine – around 3,000 hours per year. For this reason, pioneering large-scale solar power projects have been built in several locations in French Cerdagne, including Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via, the Themis plant near Targassonne, and Mont-Louis Solar Furnace in Mont-Louis.

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Conflent
Conflent (Catalan pronunciation: [kumˈfɫen]) is a historical Catalan comarca of Northern Catalonia, now part of the French Département of Pyrénées-Orientales. In the Middle Ages it comprised the County of Conflent.
The capital of this pays is Prades (Catalan: Prada de Conflent), and it borders the pays of Capcir, Rosselló, Vallespir, Alta Cerdanya and Ripollès, and the Occitan-speaking pays of Fenolleda. It roughly corresponds to the valley of the Têt River (Catalan: Tet) and its neighbourhoods between Rodès and Mont-Louis (Catalan: Montlluís). Conflent is dominated by the Canigou (Catalan: Canigó) mountain.
Coordinates: 42°36′N 2°23′E / 42.6°N 2.383°E / 42.6; 2.383

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Esteve Pharmacy
The Esteve Pharmacy (Catalan: Farmàcia Esteve, IPA: [fərˈmasiə əsˈteβə]) is a medieval pharmacy and museum located in the village of Llívia, in the comarca of Cerdanya, Catalonia, Spain. Llívia is a Spanish exclave within the French region of Pyrénées-Orientales. The Esteve Pharmacy, founded at the beginning of the 15th century, is one of the oldest pharmacies in Europe and keeps a collection of albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, glass from the 19th century, Renaissance boxes with portraits of saints and personages, a library, laboratory instruments, antique drugs and preparations, old prescription books, and a barroque "cordialer" cupboard made by Josep Sunyer during the period when the Esteve family managed the pharmacy for up to seven generations. It is one of the most important collections of its kind in Europe.
In 1942, Lleó Antoni Esteve closed the pharmacy and moved to Puigcerdà. In 1958 the pharmacy was transferred to the Llívia town, and the Province of Girona Diputació purchased it in 1965.

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France
France (English ⁱ/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

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French Cerdagne
Coordinates: 42°30′N 1°58′E / 42.5°N 1.967°E / 42.5; 1.967
French Cerdagne (Catalan: Alta Cerdanya, IPA: [ˈaɫtə sərˈðaɲə]) is the northern half of Cerdanya, which came under French control as a result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, while the southern half remained in Spain (as part of Catalonia). Catalonians often refer to French Cerdagne as Upper Cerdanya (Catalan: Alta Cerdanya). It is the only French territory in the Iberian Peninsula, as it is in the south side of the Pyrenees range between Spain and France. For example, the Segre river, which goes west and then south to meet the Ebro, has its source in the French Cerdagne.
French Cerdagne has no special status inside France, simply forming an area within the department of Pyrénées-Orientales, unlike the Spanish part of Cerdanya, which is officially a Catalan comarca called simply Cerdanya. In France, the French area is referred to as either Cerdagne française (i.e. "French Cerdagne"), Haute Cerdagne (i.e. "Upper Cerdagne") or just Cerdagne.

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Guils de Cerdanya
Prats i Sansor is a municipality in the comarca of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is composed by four villages, Prats, Sansor, Capdevila and El Pla.
Attractions include the Romanesque church of Sant Esteven (12th century).

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Isòvol
Isòvol is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
Coordinates: 42°23′58″N 1°50′21″E / 42.39944°N 1.83917°E / 42.39944; 1.83917

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Lles de Cerdanya
Lles de Cerdanya is a village in the comarca of Cerdanya, province of Lleida, Catalonia, north-eastern Spain. It is located on the border with Andorra and with the other Spanish comarca of Alt Urgell.
It is home to two ski resorts, that of Lles and of Aransa.

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Llívia
Llívia (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎiβiə]) is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is a Spanish exclave within the French département of Pyrénées-Orientales. In 2009, the municipality of Llívia had a total population of 1,589.
Llívia is separated from the rest of Spain by a corridor about 2 km wide, which includes the French communes of Ur and Bourg-Madame.
The Esteve Pharmacy, located in Llívia, is a medieval pharmacy, one of the oldest in Europe, founded at the beginning of the 15th century. It keeps albarelos, i.e., medieval type of ceramic pots used in pharmacies, as well as antique drugs, and one of the most important collections of prescription books in Europe.
Llívia was the site of an Iberian oppidum which commanded the region and was named Julia Libica by the Romans. It was the ancient capital of Cerdanya in antiquity, before being replaced by Hix (commune of Bourg-Madame, France) in the Middle Ages. During the Visigothic period, its citadel, the castrum Libiae, was held by the rebel Paul of Narbonne against King Wamba in 672.

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Meranges
Meranges is a village in the comarca of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, north-eastern Spain.
Attractions include the Romanesque church of Sant Serni. It has a portal with sculpted archivolts.

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Montellà i Martinet
Montellà i Martinet is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
Coordinates: 42°21′45″N 1°41′47″E / 42.3625°N 1.69639°E / 42.3625; 1.69639

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Prats i Sansor
Prats i Sansor is a municipality in the comarca of Cerdanya, province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It is composed by four villages, Prats, Sansor, Capdevila and El Pla.
Attractions include the Romanesque Sanctuary of Sant Salvador de Predalies.

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Province of Girona
Girona (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒiˈɾonə], Spanish: Gerona) is a province of north-eastern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is bordered by the provinces of Barcelona and Lleida, and by France and the Mediterranean Sea.
731,864 people (2008) live in the province. Its capital is Girona (population 94,484). Towns in Girona include Figueres (pop. 39,641), Blanes (pop. 37,819), Lloret de Mar (pop. 32,728), Olot (31,932), Salt (pop. 28,017), Palafrugell (pop. 21,307) and Sant Feliu de Guíxols (pop. 20,867), as well as some significant and historical towns such as Banyoles, Palamós, Cadaqués, Ripoll, Camprodon or Puigcerdà.
This province has 221 municipalities. The municipality of Llívia, which is an exclave separated from the rest of Spain and surrounded by France, is part of this province.
Since the division by provinces in Spain and the division by comarques in Catalonia do not completely agree, the term comarques of the province of Girona would not be entirely correct. However, a list of the comarques that are included—totally or partially—in the province of Girona can be made:

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Prullans
Prullans is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
Coordinates: 42°23′N 1°44′E / 42.383°N 1.733°E / 42.383; 1.733

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Puigcerdà
Puigcerdà (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌputʃsərˈða], informally: [ˌputʃərˈða], locally: [ˌpujsərˈða]) is the capital of the Catalan comarca of Cerdanya, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, northern Spain, near the river Segre and the border with France (it abuts directly onto the French town of Bourg-Madame).
Puigcerdà is located near the site of a Cerretani settlement, which was incorporated into Roman territory. The Roman town was named Julia Libyca.
Puigcerdà was founded in 1178 by King Alfonso I of Aragon, Count of Barcelona. In 1178 Puigcerdà replaced Hix as the capital of Cerdanya. Hix is now a village in the commune of Bourg-Madame, in the French part of Cerdagne.
Puigcerdà was unique during the Spanish Civil War in having a democratically elected Anarchist council.

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Riu de Cerdanya
Riu de Cerdanya is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
Coordinates: 42°20′51″N 1°49′39″E / 42.3475°N 1.8275°E / 42.3475; 1.8275

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Roussillon
Roussillon (French pronunciation: [ʁusiˈjɔ̃]; Catalan: Rosselló, IPA: [rusəˈʎo]) is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees). It may also refer to French Catalonia or Northern Catalonia, the latter used by Catalan-speakers. A 1998 survey found that 34% of respondents stated they speak Catalan, and a further 21% understand it.
Also a French province before the Revolution (and Spanish before the Thirty Years' War), Roussillon derived its name from Ruscino (Rosceliona, Castel Rossello), a small fortified place near modern-day Perpignan where Gaulish chieftains met to consider Hannibal's request for a conference. The region formed part of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis from 121 BC to AD 462, when it was ceded with the rest of Septimania to the Visigoth Theodoric II. His successor, Amalaric, on his defeat by Clovis in 531 retired to Hispania, leaving a governor in Septimania.

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Spain
Spain (ⁱ/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.

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Urús
Urús is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
Coordinates: 42°21′09″N 1°51′12″E / 42.3525°N 1.85333°E / 42.3525; 1.85333

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Vallespir
Vallespir (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌvaʎəsˈpir]) is a historical Catalan comarca of Northern Catalonia, part of the French Département of Pyrénées-Orientales. The capital of the comarca is Ceret, and it borders Conflent, Rosselló, Alt Empordà, Garrotxa and Ripollès. It is in the Tech River valley. The main towns in the Vallespir are Ceret, Amelie Les Bains, Arles Sur Tech and Prats De Mollo La Preste

Coordinates: 42°27′N 2°39′E / 42.45°N 2.65°E / 42.45; 2.65

wn.com/Vallespir

Flavius Paulus
Paul was a Hispano-Roman duke of Wamba, king of the Visigoths in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, modern Spain and Portugal).
In 672, when sent to crush the rebellion of Hilderic of Nîmes and the Jews in Septimania and Catalonia, he converted to Judaism and proclaimed himself king in Narbonne as Flavius Paulus.
Some weeks after ascending the throne in 672 Wamba had to face a revolt from Hilderic, governor of Nîmes, who had himself aspired to the kingship. Hilderic was supported by Gunhild, Bishop of Maguelonne, and a large body of Jews eager to rise up against their persecution. So Wamba sent Flavius Paulus to put down the hostilities. But upon his arrival at Narbonne, Flavius Paulus became a rebel himself, inducing his officers to renounce their loyalty to Wamba. Soon his army elected him king and he was joined by Hilderic and his followers.
Flavius Paulus then sent emissaries to the Basques, inciting them to rebellion as well, which forced Wamba to personally lead an army into the western Pyrenees and reduce the Basques to submission.

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Iberians
The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others, Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodotus and Strabo) identified with that name in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula at least from the 6th century BC. These included the Airenosi, Andosini, Ausetani, Bastetani, Bastuli, Bergistani, Castellani, Cessetani, Ceretani, Contestani, Edetani, Elisices, Iacetani, Ilercavones, Ilergetes, Indigetes, Lacetani, Laietani, Oretani, Sedetani, Sordones, Suessetani, and Turdetani (there are some doubts regarding the ethno-linguistic affiliation of some of these). The Roman and Greek sources often diverge about the precise location of each Iberian people and also about the list of Iberian peoples.
The term Iberian as used by the ancient authors had two meanings. One, more general, referred to the whole of the population of the Iberian peninsula. The other, more restricted, with an ethnic sense, to the people living in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula, where by the 6th century BC they had absorbed cultural influences from Phoenicians and Greeks.

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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939. The war began after a pronunciamiento (declaration of opposition) by a group of generals under the leadership of José Sanjurjo against the elected government of the Second Spanish Republic, at the time under the leadership of President Manuel Azaña. The rebel coup was supported by a number of conservative groups including the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right, monarchists such as the religious conservative Carlists, and the Fascist Falange. The uprising was authoritarian and anti-separatist in inspiration; anti-Basque and anti-Catalan feeling marked the Nationalist zone.
Following the only partially successful coup, Spain was left militarily and politically divided. From that moment onwards, general Francisco Franco began a protracted war of attrition against the established government for the control of the country. The rebel forces received the support of Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy, as well as neighbouring Portugal, while the Soviet Union and Mexico intervened in support of the Republican government or loyalist side.

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Puigcerdà - Llívia a "España directo", gener 2011

Reportatge sobre el fred a Puigcerdà i Llívia, emès a "España Directo" el dia 24 gener 201...

published: 24 Jan 2011

author: jordicerdanya

Llivia: We Found It 06062010

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published: 06 Jun 2010

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El Maky # 74 - Llívia, un exclave singular

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Photos by me www.estrellaesteve.com Music by Cathleen cathleen.jamendo.net...

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Les muletiers devant le Christ de la Llivia - Déodat de Severac

Extrait de Cerdana Enregistré live à "l'Athénée", Rueil-Malmaison, France, en février 2008...

published: 28 Mar 2011

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Gracias a Xavier Bosch tenemos este video de las actividades y progresos del grupo de free...

published: 15 Apr 2010

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Llívia

— Municipality —

Border stone between Spain and France, for the municipalities of Llívia (Girona) and Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (Pyrénées-Orientales).

Coat of arms

Location of Llívia in the province of Girona.

Llívia

Location in France (Spanish exclave)

Coordinates: 42°27′36″N 1°58′48″E / 42.46°N 1.98°ECoordinates: 42°27′36″N 1°58′48″E / 42.46°N 1.98°E

Country

Spain

Government

• Alcalde

Josep Pous Rodríguez (2007) (CIU)

Area

• Total

12.83 km² (4.95 sq mi)

Elevation

1,224 m (4,016 ft)

Population (2009)

• Total

1,589

• Density

120/km² (320/sq mi)

Demonym

Llivienses

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

• Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

Postal code

17527

Official language(s)

Website

Official website

Llívia (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎiβiə]) is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is a Spanish exclave within the French département of Pyrénées-Orientales. In 2009, the municipality of Llívia had a total population of 1,589.^[1]

Llívia is separated from the rest of Spain by a corridor about 2 km wide, which includes the French communes of Ur and Bourg-Madame.

The Esteve Pharmacy, located in Llívia, is a medieval pharmacy, one of the oldest in Europe, founded at the beginning of the 15th century. It keeps albarelos, i.e., medieval type of ceramic pots used in pharmacies, as well as antique drugs, and one of the most important collections of prescription books in Europe.

History [link]

Llívia was the site of an Iberian oppidum which commanded the region and was named Julia Libica by the Romans. It was the ancient capital of Cerdanya in antiquity, before being replaced by Hix (commune of Bourg-Madame, France) in the Middle Ages. During the Visigothic period, its citadel, the castrum Libiae, was held by the rebel Paul of Narbonne against King Wamba in 672.

In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees ceded the comarques of Roussillon, Conflent, Capcir, Vallespir, and northern Cerdanya ("Cerdagne") to the French crown. Llívia did not become part of the French kingdom as the treaty stipulated that only villages were to be ceded to France, and Llívia was considered a city and not a village due to its status as the ancient capital of Cerdanya.^[2]

In 1939, at the end of the Spanish Civil War, there was some discussion of Llívia remaining a free territory of the defeated Republican government, but this was never carried out.^[3]

Events [link]

Every second complete week in July, classes about traditional and popular festivities and festivals in Catalonia, and different performances by leading artists. Official website

References [link]

^ Idescat. Fitxes municipals. Llívia
^ Capdevila i Subirana, Joan: Historia del deslinde de la frontera Hispano-Francesa. Del tratado de los Pirineos (1659) a los tratados de Bayona (1856-1868), Ed. Ministerio de Fomento, Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica, Madrid, 2009, pp. 146-149. ISBN 978-84-416-1480-2 (Spanish)
^ Robinson GWS (1959). Exclaves. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 49 (3), 283–295 doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1959.tb01614.x

Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan).

v t e Municipalities of the comarca of Cerdanya

Alp Bellver de Cerdanya Bolvir Das Fontanals de Cerdanya Ger Guils de Cerdanya Isòvol Lles de Cerdanya Llívia Meranges Montellà i Martinet Prats i Sansor Prullans Puigcerdà Riu de Cerdanya Urús

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llívia

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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History [link]

Events [link]

References [link]

http://wn.com/Llívia

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Llívia

http://cs.wn.com/Llívia

http://es.wn.com/Llivia

http://ru.wn.com/Льивия

http://nl.wn.com/Llívia

http://pt.wn.com/Llívia

http://pl.wn.com/Llívia

http://fr.wn.com/Llívia

http://de.wn.com/Llívia