- published: 07 Sep 2012
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Albany Law School
Coordinates: 42°39′08.51″N 73°46′38.40″W / 42.6523639°N 73.777333°W / 42.6523639; -73.777333
Albany Law School is an ABA accredited law school based in Albany, New York. It was founded in 1851 by Amos Dean (its dean until 1868), Amasa Parker, Ira Harris and others.
Albany Law is the only law school located within New York's Capital District. Its location gives Albany Law students extensive access to internships and job opportunities. The State Legislature, New York Court of Appeals, The Appellate Division 3rd Department, countless state agencies, the Federal District Court for the Northern District of New York, the New York State Bar Association, and a large number of private law firms call Albany home. In addition, Albany Law School operates several public interest clinics providing students with hands-on legal experience. Some of the clinics available include the Health Law, Introduction to Litigation, Low Income Taxpayer, Civil Rights and Disabilities, Domestic Violence, and Securities Arbitration.
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Buffalo, New York
Buffalo (
/ˈbʌfəloʊ/) is the second most populous city in the state of New York, after New York City. Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River across from Fort Erie, Ontario, Buffalo is the seat of Erie County and the principal city of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the largest in Upstate New York. Buffalo itself has a population of 261,310 (2010 Census) and the Buffalo–Niagara–Cattaraugus Combined Statistical Area is home to 1,215,826 residents.
Originating around 1789 as a small trading community near the eponymous Buffalo Creek, Buffalo grew quickly after the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, with the city as its western terminus. By 1900, Buffalo was the 8th largest city in the United States, and went on to become a major railroad hub, and the largest grain-milling center in the country. The latter part of the 20th century saw a reversal of fortunes: Great Lakes shipping was rerouted by the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway, and steel mills and other heavy industry relocated to places such as China. With the start of Amtrak in the 1970s, Buffalo Central Terminal was also abandoned, and trains were rerouted to nearby Depew, New York (Buffalo-Depew) and Exchange Street Station. By 1990 the city had fallen back below its 1900 population levels.
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Fordham University
Fordham University is a private, nonprofit, coeducational research university in the United States, with three campuses in and around New York City. It was founded by the Roman Catholic Diocese of New York in 1841 as St. John's College, placed in the care of the Society of Jesus shortly thereafter, and has since become an independent institution under a lay Board of Trustees, which describes the University as "in the Jesuit tradition."
Fordham is composed of four undergraduate colleges and six graduate schools. Enrollment at Fordham includes approximately 8,000 undergraduate and 7,000 graduate students spread over three campuses in New York State: Rose Hill in the Bronx, Lincoln Center in Manhattan, and Westchester in West Harrison. In addition, the University operates a foreign center in London Fordham awards bachelor's (BA, BFA, and BS), master's, and doctoral degrees. It also offers a five-year BA/BS engineering program in cooperation with Columbia University and Case Western Reserve University and a BFA program in dance in partnership with the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater.
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Joseph Bruno
Joseph L. Bruno (born April 8, 1929) is an American businessman, and Republican politician. He was the Temporary President of the New York State Senate and its majority leader. Most recently he also served as Lieutenant Governor of New York (Acting).
On June 23, 2008, Bruno announced that he would not seek reelection to the State Senate in 2008. On June 24, 2008, Bruno stepped down from the positions of Senate Majority Leader and "temporary president of the senate", but remained a State Senator. On July 18, 2008, Bruno resigned from the New York State Senate. He represented the 43rd New York State Senate District, and is on record as a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).
On January 23, 2009, Bruno was indicted on eight counts of corruption, including mail and wire fraud.
On December 7, 2009, Bruno was convicted of two counts of mail and wire fraud. He was acquitted of five felonies, and the jury hung on the last count. His convictions were subsequently overturned on appeal, and as of 2011 prosecutors planned to retry him.
wn.com/Joseph_Bruno -
Joseph L. Bruno
Joseph L. Bruno (born April 8, 1929) is an American businessman, and Republican politician. He was the Temporary President of the New York State Senate and its majority leader. Most recently he also served as Lieutenant Governor of New York (Acting).
On June 23, 2008, Bruno announced that he would not seek reelection to the State Senate in 2008. On June 24, 2008, Bruno stepped down from the positions of Senate Majority Leader and "temporary president of the senate", but remained a State Senator. On July 18, 2008, Bruno resigned from the New York State Senate. He represented the 43rd New York State Senate District, and is on record as a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).
On January 23, 2009, Bruno was indicted on eight counts of corruption, including mail and wire fraud.
On December 7, 2009, Bruno was convicted of two counts of mail and wire fraud. He was acquitted of five felonies, and the jury hung on the last count. His convictions were subsequently overturned on appeal, and as of 2011 prosecutors planned to retry him.
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Long Island
Long Island is an island located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of New York, just east of Manhattan. Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island contains four counties, two of which are boroughs of New York City (Queens and Brooklyn), and two of which are mainly suburban (Nassau and Suffolk). The term "Long Island" often refers only to Nassau and Suffolk counties in order to differentiate them from New York City, though all four counties are on the island and part of the New York metropolitan area.
As of the 2010 census, Long Island had a population of 7,568,304, making it the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory. It is also the 17th most populous island in the world, ahead of Ireland, Jamaica and the Japanese island of Hokkaidō. Its population density is 5,402 inhabitants per square mile (2,086 /km2). If it were a state, Long Island would rank 13th in population (after Virginia) and first in population density.
Both the longest and the largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends 118 miles (190 km) eastward from New York Harbor to Montauk Point, and has a maximum north-to-south expanse of 23 miles (37 km) between the northern Long Island Sound coast and the southern Atlantic coast. With a land area of 1,401 square miles (3,629 km2), Long Island is the 11th largest island in the United States and the 148th largest island in the world — larger than the 1,214 square miles (3,140 km2) of the smallest state, Rhode Island.
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Mark Shriver
Mark Kennedy Shriver (born February 17, 1964) is a United States Democratic Party politician who served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates for two consecutive terms, from 1995 to 2003. He currently serves as Senior Vice President of US Programs for the charity Save the Children. Shriver married Jeanne Eileen Ripp (born November 30, 1965) on June 26, 1992 and they have three children: Mary Elizabeth "Molly" Shriver (born on 1998), Thomas Kennedy "Tommy" Shriver (born 1999), and Emma Rose Shriver (b. 2005).
Shriver was born in Washington, D.C. He is part of the Kennedy political family, since his mother was Eunice Mary Kennedy. He may also be considered to be a part of the "Shriver political family", since his ancestor David Shriver was a delegate of Frederick County, Maryland who signed the Maryland Constitution and Bill of Rights at Maryland's Constitutional Convention of 1776, and his father is Sargent Shriver, the first director of the Peace Corps upon its establishment by President John F. Kennedy on September 22, 1961, a former ambassador to France and the 1972 Democratic Vice Presidential candidate. Mark Shriver has written a memoir about his father, A Good Man: Rediscovering My Father, Sargent Shriver. His sister, Maria Shriver, is a former journalist and the former First Lady of California (she was married to former Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger until mid-year 2011).
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Merchandise Mart
When opened in 1930, the Merchandise Mart or the Merch Mart, located in the Near North Side, Chicago, Illinois, United States, was the largest building in the world with 4,000,000 square feet (372,000 m2) of floor space. Previously owned by the Marshall Field family, the Mart centralized Chicago's wholesale goods business by consolidating vendors and trade under a single roof. Massive in its construction, and serving as a monument to early 20th century merchandising and architecture, the art deco landmark anchors the daytime skyline at the junction of the Chicago River branches. With upper levels bathed in colored floodlight, the structure stands out against darker downtown buildings in night views. The building continues to be a leading retailing and wholesale destination, hosting 20,000 visitors and tenants per day. The Merchandise Mart is so large that it had its own ZIP code (60654) until 2008, when the code began to be shared with part of the surrounding area. In 2010, the building opened up its Design Center showrooms to the public for the first time.
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New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] (
listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
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Queens
Queens is the easternmost of the five boroughs of New York City and the largest in area and the second-largest in population. Since 1899, Queens has had the same boundaries as Queens County, which is now the second most populous county in New York State and the fourth-most densely populated county in the United States. Queens, as well as neighboring borough Brooklyn, sits on the west end of geographic Long Island. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world with a population of over 2.2 million, 46% of whom are foreign-born, representing over 100 different nations and speaking over 138 different languages.
Were each New York City borough an independent city, Queens would be the nation's fourth largest city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens has the second-largest and most diversified economy of all the five boroughs of New York City.Long Island City, on the Queens waterfront across from Manhattan on the East River, is the site of the Citicorp Building, the tallest skyscraper in New York City outside of Manhattan and the tallest building on geographic Long Island.
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Queens, New York
Queens is the easternmost of the five boroughs of New York City and the largest in area and the second-largest in population. Since 1899, Queens has had the same boundaries as Queens County, which is now the second most populous county in New York State and the fourth-most densely populated county in the United States. Queens, as well as neighboring borough Brooklyn, sits on the west end of geographic Long Island. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world with a population of over 2.2 million, 46% of whom are foreign-born, representing over 100 different nations and speaking over 138 different languages.
Were each New York City borough an independent city, Queens would be the nation's fourth largest city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens has the second-largest and most diversified economy of all the five boroughs of New York City.Long Island City, on the Queens waterfront across from Manhattan on the East River, is the site of the Citicorp Building, the tallest skyscraper in New York City outside of Manhattan and the tallest building on geographic Long Island.
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Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Known as The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City. It is the county seat for Monroe County.
Rochester's city population according to the 2010 census is approximately 210,565, making it New York's third most populous city after New York City and Buffalo. It is at the center of a larger Metropolitan Area which encompasses and extends beyond Monroe County and includes Genesee County, Livingston County, Ontario County, Orleans County and Wayne County. This area, which is part of the Western New York region, had a population of 1,054,323 people at the time of the 2010 Census. As of July, 2011, the Census estimates indicated that this population rose to 1,055,278 .
Rochester was one of America's first "boomtowns" and rose to prominence initially as the site of many flour mills located on the Genesee River, then as a major manufacturing hub. Rochester is now an international center of higher education, as well as medical and technological development. The region is known for many acclaimed universities, and several of them (notably the University of Rochester and the Rochester Institute of Technology) are nationally renowned for their research programs. In addition, Rochester has been and continues to be the site of many important inventions and innovations in consumer products. The Rochester area is currently home to corporations such as Kodak, Bausch & Lomb and Xerox that conduct extensive research and manufacturing in the fields of industrial and consumer products. The Rochester metropolitan area is the second largest regional economy in New York State according to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, after the New York City metropolitan area.
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Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr, Jr. (February 6, 1756 – September 14, 1836) was the third Vice President of the United States under President Thomas Jefferson.
After serving as a Continental Army officer in the Revolutionary War, Burr became a successful lawyer and politician. He was elected twice to the New York State Assembly (1784–1785, 1798–1799), was appointed New York State Attorney General (1789–1791), was chosen as a United States Senator (1791–1797) from the state of New York, and reached the apex of his career as Vice President of the United States (1801–1805).
The highlight of Burr's tenure as President of the Senate (one of his few official duties as Vice President) was the Senate's first impeachment trial, of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. In 1804, the last full year of his single term as Vice President, Burr killed his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel. Burr was never tried for the illegal duel and all charges against him were eventually dropped. The death of Hamilton, however, ended Burr's political career. President Jefferson dropped him from the ticket for the 1804 presidential election, and he never held office again.
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Abraham Van Vechten
Abraham Van Vechten (December 5, 1762 – January 6, 1837) was an American lawyer and a Federalist politician who served twice as New York State Attorney General.
Abraham Van Vechten was born on December 5, 1762 in Catskill, Albany County (now Greene County), New York. He was the son of Teunis Van Vechten (1707–1785) and Judikje Ten Broeck Van Vechten. He was educated at Columbia College, studied law with John Lansing, Jr., and began practice in Johnstown, New York, but soon removed to Albany. In 1784, he married Catharina Schuyler (1766–1820). In 1792, he was elected one of the first directors of the Bank of Albany.
From 1796 to 1797, he was Assistant Attorney General for the Fifth District, comprising Albany, Saratoga, Schoharie and Montgomery Counties. He was a Federalist presidential elector in 1796, and cast his votes for John Adams and Thomas Pinckney.
He was Recorder of the City of Albany from 1797 to 1808; a member of the New York State Senate from 1798 to 1805, and from 1816 to 1819; a member of the New York State Assembly in 1806, and from 1808 to 1813; New York State Attorney General from 1810 to 1811, and from 1813 to 1815; and a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821. From 1797 to 1823, he was a regent of the University of the State of New York.
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Addison Gardiner
Addison Gardiner (March 19, 1797 Rindge, Cheshire County, New Hampshire - June 5, 1883 Rochester, Monroe County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician who was the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 1854 to 1855.
He was admitted to the bar in 1822, and began practicing law in Rochester, opening a law firm with Samuel L. Selden, who later became a judge of the New York Court of Appeals. The latter's brother Henry R. Selden, later himself a lieutenant governor and judge of the Court of Appeals, was a law student at this firm. Gardiner was the first Justice of the Peace ever elected in Rochester.
In 1825, Gardiner was appointed District Attorney of Monroe County. From 1829 to 1838, he was Judge of the Eighth Circuit Court of New York, with jurisdiction over the counties of Allegany, Erie, Chautauqua, Monroe, Genesee and Niagara. The Anti-Masonic excitement, growing out of the disappearance of William Morgan, had now commenced, and perhaps the most important case that came before Judge Gardiner, while on the bench of the circuit court, was that against Elihu Mather who was tried for conspiracy in the abduction of Morgan. After the acquittal of the defendant, a motion for a new trial was made in the New York State Supreme Court. The case is to be found in the fourth volume of Wendell's reports, page 220. The head notes, giving the disposition of the various questions raised, occupy four pages. On many of the points it has ever been a leading case. All the rulings of the judge were sustained by the Supreme Court, and these, and other decisions, gave him the reputation of the model circuit judge. He resigned his judicial office in February 1838, and returned to the practice of law at Rochester.
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Al D'Amato
Alfonse Marcello "Al" D'Amato (born August 1, 1937) is an American lawyer and former New York politician. A Republican, he served as United States Senator from New York from 1981 to 1999.
D'Amato, of Italian heritage, was born in Brooklyn and raised on Long Island. He is a graduate of Chaminade High School, Syracuse University, and Syracuse University College of Law.
D'Amato married his first wife, Penelope, with whom he has four children, in 1960. Al and Penelope D'Amato separated in 1982 after 22 years of marriage. Al and Penelope finally divorced after a 13 year separation, their divorce becoming final in 1995. He has dated several well-known personalities, including entertainment television reporter Claudia Cohen. On July 18, 2004, he married Katuria Elizabeth Smith. They have one son, Alfonso Marcello D'Amato, born on February 5, 2008, and a daughter, Luciana Cioffari D'Amato, born on October 16, 2009.
His political career started with the Nassau County Republican Party, and he held the appointive position of Public Administrator of Nassau County, where he was responsible for managing the assets of county residents who died without wills. He was first appointed and then elected Receiver of Taxes of Hempstead, New York. He left this office to become a town supervisor in Hempstead and in 1977 he was elected presiding supervisor. He was also vice chairman of the Nassau County Board of Supervisors from 1977 to 1980.
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Al Gore
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and won the popular vote in the 2000 U.S. presidential election.
Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism.
Gore was previously an elected official for 24 years, representing Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives (1977–85), and later in the U.S. Senate (1985–93), and finally becoming Vice President in 1993. In the 2000 presidential election, Gore won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500,000 votes. However, he ultimately lost the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush when the U.S. Supreme Court settled the legal controversy over the Florida vote recount by ruling 5-4 in favor of Bush. It was the only time in history that the Supreme Court has determined the outcome of a presidential election.
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Albert Lester
Albert Lester (ca. 1803 – March 14, 1867 Canandaigua, Ontario County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
Lester removed from Litchfield, Connecticut to Canandaigua.
He was a Democratic member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) from 1844 to 1847, sitting in the 67th, 68th, 69th and 70th New York State Legislatures. On February 12, 1847, Lester was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate, to preside during the absence of the Lieutenant Governor. In May 1847, Lt. Gov. Addison Gardiner was elected to the New York Court of Appeals and took office on July 5. Gardiner thus vacated the office of lieutenant governor—who is ex officio President of the State Senate—and Lester became Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York. Urged by Governor John Young, the State Legislature passed on September 27 a law to hold a special election for lieutenant governor at the New York state election, 1847 to fill the vacancy, and Hamilton Fish was elected to take office on January 1, 1848.
Lester was buried at the West Avenue Cemetery in Canandaigua.
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Albert Ottinger
Albert E. Ottinger (September 10, 1878 New York City - January 1938 Manhattan, New York City) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Moses Ottinger and Amelia Gottlieb Ottinger.
He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1917 to 1918, afterwards an assistant Attorney General of the United States. As such, Ottinger ruled that the U.S. Congress could grant independence to the Philippines if it wished, since the Philippines were an "insular possession" and therefore to be distinguished from the United States' states and territorial possessions.
He was New York State Attorney General from 1925 to 1928, elected in 1924 and 1926. During his second term, he was the only Republican who held state office, and was responsible for closing down the notorious “bucket shops” on Wall Street. He was a delegate to the 1928 and 1932 Republican National Conventions.
In 1928, while the Democratic Party nominated New York Governor Al Smith for the Presidency, the first time a Catholic from a major party was running for that office, the Republican Party of New York nominated Ottinger for Governor, the first Jewish gubernatorial candidate in New York history. The Democratic Party nominated Franklin D. Roosevelt for governor, and Herbert Lehman, also a Jew, as the candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York. On the national ticket, Herbert Hoover won by a landslide over Al Smith, the latter's religion clearly a national issue. The gubernatorial contest, however, was one of the closest in New York history. Against the national Republican trend, Roosevelt won by only 25,000 votes, less than 1% of the four million ballots cast.
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Alexis Herman
Alexis Margaret Herman (born July 16, 1947 in Mobile, Alabama) was the 23rd U.S. Secretary of Labor, serving under President Bill Clinton. Prior to her appointment, she was Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Office of Public Engagement.
The daughter of politician Alex Herman and schoolteacher Gloria Caponis, Alexis grew up in a Catholic home in Mobile and earned her high school diploma in 1965 from the Heart of Mary High School. She briefly attended Edgewood College in Madison, Wisconsin, and Spring Hill College in Mobile, but transferred to Xavier University of Louisiana in New Orleans, where she became an active member of the Gamma Alpha Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology in 1969.
Herman was Queen of Carnival for the Mobile Area Mardi Gras Association (Mobile's African-American Mardi Gras umbrella organization) in 1974. Her Carnival king, Douglas Wicks, would go on to become the first African-American elected to the Mobile County Commission since Reconstruction.
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Alfred DelBello
Alfred Benedict DelBello (born July 13, 1944) is an American politician from New York. A registered Democrat, he was the 70th Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1983 to 1985.
DelBello was Mayor of Yonkers, New York and was the first Democrat to become Westchester County Executive prior to being elected lieutenant governor in 1982. He ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor as the running mate of then Mayor of New York City Ed Koch. Koch endorsed him as a running mate believing he would help Koch with suburban voters. DelBello faced Ambassador Carl McCall, the running mate of then Lt. Gov. Mario Cuomo, in the Democratic primary.
DelBello won his primary and Cuomo defeated Koch for the governor's nomination. The Cuomo/DelBello ticket then won the 1982 general election. Del Bello had little interaction with Cuomo during his time in office. He focused on his role as President of the New York State Senate during his time as lieutenant governor, along with projects of his initiation and Cuomo's assignment. These projects included emergency management, local government and economic development.
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Allen C. Beach
Allen Carpenter Beach (October 9, 1825 Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York - October 17, 1918 Rochester, Monroe County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Rev. Allen R. Beach (1797-1879) and Amy Brown Beach (1803-ca. 1890). He graduated from Union College in 1848, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. His first wife Abby A. Woodruff died in 1856. In 1862, he married Olivia H. Pickering, daughter of Augustus Pickering and Caroline White. They had one daughter, Amy.
As a Democrat, he was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1869 to 1872, elected in 1868 and 1870, and Secretary of State of New York from 1878 to 1879, elected in 1877 and defeated for re-election in 1879.
He was a delegate to the 1860 and 1876 Democratic National Conventions.
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Alonzo B. Cornell
Alonzo Barton Cornell (January 22, 1832 – October 15, 1904) was a New York politician and businessman who served as 27th Governor of New York from 1880 to 1882.
Born in Ithaca, New York, he was the eldest son of Ezra Cornell, the founder of Cornell University and Mary Ann (Wood) Cornell. He was educated at the Ithaca Academy.
He was married to Esther Elizabeth Covert, a native of Auburn, New York on 9 November 1852. They had four boys together between 1855 and 1874.[citation needed]
At the age of fifteen, he began a career in the field of telegraphy, later serving as a manager in telegraph office in Cleveland, Ohio. Afterwards, he owned steamboats on Cayuga Lake from 1862 to 1863. From 1864 to 1869 he was a cashier and vice president with the First National Bank of Ithaca. He was a director of the Western Union Telegraph Company, which had been co-founded by his father, from 1868 to 1876 and was its vice president from 1870 to 1876.
He was a supervisor of the town of Ithaca in 1864/5. From 1858 until 1866, he served as chairman of the Tompkins County Republican committee, and in 1866/7 was a member of the Republican state committee. He was one of the first commissioners for the erection of the new state capitol at Albany from 1868 until 1871. He was the Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1868, but was defeated by Democrat Allen C. Beach. He was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant as Surveyor of the Port of New York.
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Ambrose L. Jordan
Ambrose Latting Jordan (May 5, 1789 Hillsdale, Columbia County, New York - July 16, 1865 New York City) was an American lawyer, newspaper editor and politician.
Jordan was admitted to the bar in 1812, and practiced law in Cooperstown, New York. He was Surrogate of Otsego County from 1815 to 1818, and District Attorney of Otsego County from 1818 to 1820. In 1820, he removed to Hudson, New York, and took over the Columbia Republican newspaper. From 1821 to 1827, he was Recorder of The City of Hudson.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Columbia Co.) in 1825; and a member of the New York State Senate (3rd D.) from 1826 to 1829, sitting in the 49th, 50th and 51st New York State Legislatures. He resigned his seat on January 7, 1829, the second day of the session of the 52nd New York State Legislature.
In February 1837, Jordan was the Whig candidate for U.S. Senator from New York, but was defeated by the incumbent Silas Wright, Jr..
In 1845, Jordan was the leading counsel for the defense of some leaders of the Anti-Rent War at their trial for riot, conspiracy and robbery. John Van Buren, the state attorney general, personally conducted the accusation. At the first trial the jury disagreed. At the re-trial, in September 1845, the two leading counsels started a fist-fight in open court, and were both sentenced by the presiding judge, Justice John W. Edmonds, to "solitary confinement in the county jail for 24 hours." Governor Silas Wright refused to accept Van Buren's resignation, and both counsels continued with the case after their release from jail. The defendant, Smith A. Boughton ("Big Thunder"), was sentenced to life imprisonment. At the next state election Governor Wright was defeated by John Young who had the support of the Anti-Renters, and Young pardoned Jordan's client who was released from jail.
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Ambrose Spencer
Ambrose Spencer (December 13, 1765 Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut – March 13, 1848 Lyons, Wayne County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He attended Yale College from 1779 to 1782, and graduated from Harvard University in 1783. He studied law with John Canfield (ca.1740-1786) at Sharon, Connecticut, with John Bay at Claverack, New York, and with Ezekiel Gilbert at Hudson, New York. He married John Canfield's daughter Laura (1768–1807) in 1784. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hudson, N.Y., where he was city clerk from 1786 to 1793.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1793 to 1795, and of the New York State Senate from 1795 to 1804.
From 1796 to 1801, he was Assistant Attorney General for the Third District, comprising Columbia and Rensselaer counties. He was New York Attorney General from 1802 to 1804. From 1804 to 1819, he was an associate justice of the New York Supreme Court, and Chief Justice from 1819 until the end of 1822. He was legislated out of office by the State Constitution of 1821. Governor Joseph C. Yates nominated him to be re-appointed, but this was rejected by Bucktails majority in the State Senate, Spencer having been the longtime leader of the Clintonians.
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Anthony Shriver
Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver (born July 20, 1965, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American activist for people with intellectual disabilities. In 1989, he founded Best Buddies International, an international organization that helps people with intellectual disabilities to find employment and social opportunities.
Shriver is the youngest of five children born to Eunice Kennedy Shriver (neé Kennedy), who founded the Special Olympics in 1968, and Sargent Shriver, a Democratic politician and activist.
He graduated from the Georgetown Preparatory School, North Bethesda, Maryland; he then attended Brown University before transferring to Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., from which he graduated in 1988 with a double major in theology and history.
Shriver is the Founder and Chairman of Best Buddies International a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization which he created in 1989 dedicated to establishing a global volunteer movement that creates opportunities for one-to-one friendships, integrated employment and leadership development for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Recognizing the tremendous volunteer potential of university students, Anthony first inspired his college peers to personally collaborate in expanding the realm of opportunities that persons with intellectual disabilities should experience. He began his group at the Kennedy Institute in Washington, DC, a school for children with disabilities, founded by the Kennedy Family. Shriver spoke in 2008 about the all-inclusive nature of the program:
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Arthur Goldberg
Arthur Joseph Goldberg (August 8, 1908 – January 19, 1990) was an American statesman and jurist who served as the U.S. Secretary of Labor, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations.
Goldberg was born and raised on the West Side of Chicago, the youngest of eight children of Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire. The paternal side of the family (Goldberg-Flaumen) originally came from the town of Oświęcim, in modernday Poland. The maternal side of the family originally came from a shtetl called Zenkhov in Ukraine. Goldberg's father, a produce peddler, died in 1916, forcing Goldberg's siblings to quit school and go to work to support the family. As the youngest child, Goldberg was allowed to continue school, graduating from high school at the age of 16.
Goldberg's interest in the law was sparked by the noted murder trial in 1923 of Leopold and Loeb, two wealthy young Chicagoans who were spared the death penalty with the help of their high-powered defense attorney, Clarence Darrow. Goldberg later pointed to this case as inspiration for his opposition to the death penalty on the bench, since he had seen how inequality of social status could lead to unfair application of the death penalty.
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Arthur H. Wicks
Arthur H. Wicks (December 24, 1887 New York City - February 1985) was an American politician.
He owned a steam laundry in Kingston, New York. He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1927 to 1956 from the 29th District 1927 - 1944, and from the 34th District 1945 - 1956. Between 1949 and 1953 he was the Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. He was an alternate delegate to the 1940 and 1944, and a delegate to the 1948, 1952 and 1956 Republican National Conventions.
On October 1, 1953 he became Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York, but was forced to resign on November 19 from both offices when it became known that he had made frequent visits to convicted labor leader Joseph S. Fay while the latter was incarcerated at Sing-Sing prison.
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Augustus Schell
Augustus Schell (August 1, 1812 – March 27, 1884) was a New York politician and lawyer. He was Chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1872 to 1876.
Schell was born on August 1, 1812 in Rhinebeck, New York and was educated at Rhinebeck Academy and Wesleyan Seminary. He was graduated in 1830 from Union College with Phi Beta Kappa honors and membership in the Kappa Alpha Society, and then studied at Litchfield Law School. He was admitted to the bar and started a practice in New York City. He started out as an early expert in the then new field of corporate law and through his profession became active in railroad management. A friend of Cornelius Vanderbilt, he gradually expanded his railroad connections through investments as well as legal counsel.
An active Democrat, he joined Tammany Hall where, after William M. Tweed's fall, he became Grand Sachem in 1872. He was head of the Democratic state committee 1853-1856. During the administration of President James Buchanan he was collector of the Port of New York. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee that supported John C. Breckinridge for the presidency in 1860 and also 1872-1876. After the trial of William M. Tweed and his associates, Schell labored for the purification and rehabilitation of the Tammany society, and in 1878 was its unsuccessful candidate for mayor.
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Aída Álvarez
Aída M. Álvarez (born 1950) is the first Hispanic woman and Puerto Rican to hold a United States Cabinet-level position.
Alvarez was born in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico into a family of modest economical means, who despite their hardships always encouraged her to pursue her dreams. After she received her primary education in Puerto Rico, her family moved to New York City in hopes of improving their economic situation. In New York, she attended high school and participated in a program called "ASPIRA". "ASPIRA" was founded by Dr. Antonia Pantoja and has helped disadvantaged children, especially girls, gain the leadership skills and knowledge required to go to college.
Álvarez applied and was accepted at Harvard University where in 1971 she earned her Bachelors of Arts degree grauduating Cum Laude. During her student years many people provided her with support.
Álvarez began her career as a journalist for the New York Post and won a "Front Page Award". She later became a news reporter and anchor for Metromedia Television (Channel Five) also in New York. In 1982, she won an Associated Press Award for Excellence and she was nominated for an Emmy Award for her reporting of guerilla activities in El Salvador.
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Barry McCaffrey
Barry Richard McCaffrey (born November 17, 1942) is a retired United States Army general, news commentator, and business consultant.
He is currently an Adjunct Professor at the United States Military Academy, where he was the Bradley Professor of International Security Studies from 2001 to 2005. He is also an NBC and MSNBC military analyst as well as president of his own consulting firm, BR McCaffrey Associates. [1]
McCaffrey attended Phillips Academy, Andover. He is a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy (Class of 1964), and earned an M.A. in Civil Government from the American University in 1970. He also attended the National Security and Executive Education programs at Harvard University. His postgraduate military education includes the National Defense University, the United States Army War College, the Command and General Staff College, and the Defense Language Institute's program in Vietnamese.
Following his graduation from West Point in 1964, McCaffrey was commissioned into the infantry.
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Basil Paterson
Basil Alexander Paterson (b. April 27, 1926), a labor lawyer, is a longtime political leader in New York and Harlem and father of the 55th Governor of New York, David Paterson. His mother was Jamaican, his father Grenadian.
Paterson was born in Harlem on April 27, 1926, the son of Leonard James and Evangeline Alicia (Rondon) Paterson. His father was born on the island of Carriacou in the Grenadines and arrived in the United States aboard the S.S. Vestris on May 16, 1917 in New York City. His mother was born in Kingston, Jamaica and arrived in the United States on September 9, 1919 aboard the S.S. Vestnorge in Philadelphia with a final destination of New York City. A stenographer by profession, the former Miss Rondon once served as a secretary for Marcus Garvey.
In 1942, at the age of 16, Basil Paterson graduated from De Witt Clinton High School in the Bronx. He was shaped by his experiences with racism early on. "I got out of high school when I was 16," Paterson told New York Times columnist Bob Herbert, "and the first real job I had was with a wholesale house in the old Port Authority building, down on 18th Street. We'd pack and load these trucks that went up and down in huge elevators. Every year there would be a Christmas party for the employees at some local hotel. Those of us who worked in the shipping department were black. We got paid not to go to the party." He attended college at St. John's University, but his studies were interrupted by a two-year stint in the U.S. Army during World War II. After serving honorably, he returned to St. John's to complete his undergraduate studies. While there he was very active in social and community service organizations, among them the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity., joining the ranks of the Omicron chapter of New York (now at Columbia University) in 1947. Patterson graduated with a Bachelor of Science Degree in biology in 1948. He was later admitted to St. John's Law School, where he received a Juris Doctor degree in 1951.
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Benigno Fitial
Benigno Repeki Fitial (born November 27, 1945) is the current governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Fitial was elected on November 6, 2005 and assumed office on January 9, 2006 and was re-elected to a second, five-year term in 2009.
Fitial founded the Covenant Party in 2001 after leaving the Republican Party. He rejoined the Republican Party on January 5, 2011, announcing that his goal will be to merge the Covenant Party back into the Republican Party.
Born on November 27, 1945, and raised in a Satawalese family, Fitial graduated with honors from Saipan's Mt. Carmel High School in 1964. He obatined a Bachelor of Business Administration with an emphasis on business management from the University of Guam. He is recognized as a University of Guam Distinguished Alumni.
Fitial is the first elected Northern Mariana governor of Carolinian descent. The Carolinians are a minority group whose ancestors immigrated to the Northern Marianas in the early 19th century, from the Yap and Chuuk islands groups of what is now the Federated States of Micronesia. Chamorros are the majority group on the Northern Marianas and a Chamorro has tended to win in past gubernatorial elections.
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Bev Perdue
Beverly Eaves "Bev" Perdue (born January 14, 1947) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party currently serving as the 73rd Governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina. She is the first female governor of North Carolina.
Perdue started her political career in the 1980s, serving in the North Carolina House of Representatives. She then served 5 terms in the North Carolina Senate before she was elected as the 32nd Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina. Perdue was elected to the office of Governor of North Carolina in 2008 against then-Charlotte Mayor Pat McCrory by a 50-46 margin. Her 2008 gubernatorial campaign is under both State and Federal investigation, and was recently fined $30,000 in 2010. When Hillary Clinton dropped out of the 2008 presidential race The New York Times mentioned Perdue as a potential future presidential candidate.
On January 26, 2012, Perdue announced that she would not seek reelection in the 2012 gubernatorial election.
Beverly Marlene Moore was born in Grundy, Virginia to Alfred P. and Irene Morefield Moore in 1947. Her father was a coal miner who became a utility CEO. She earned a B.A. degree in history in 1969 from the University of Kentucky, as well as a M.Ed. degree in community college administration in 1974 and a Ph.D., degree in Education Administration in 1976, both from the University of Florida.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
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Bill Haslam
William Edward "Bill" Haslam (born August 23, 1958) is the 49th and current Governor of Tennessee. A member of the Republican Party, Haslam was elected to office in 2010. Haslam previously served as Mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee, from 2003 until his resignation in 2011.
Haslam was born in Knoxville in 1958, the third child of Jim Haslam, the founder of Pilot Corporation, the parent company of the convenience store and travel center chain, Pilot Flying J, and his wife, Cynthia. Jim Haslam has been a Republican Party fundraiser and University of Tennessee donor and trustee for several decades.
Haslam was educated at the Webb School of Knoxville, where he became active in the Christian group, Young Life. He later attended Emory University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in history in 1980. He is a member of the Beta Chi chapter of the Sigma Chi International Fraternity.
As a teenager, Haslam began working part-time in his father's corporation. He had made plans to teach history and eventually become a minister. Following his university graduation, he returned to Knoxville to work for Pilot in hopes of learning more about the business world before entering the seminary, and eventually decided to stay with the company. He was elevated to president of the company (with his brother, Jimmy, as CEO, and father as chairman) in 1995.
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Bill Richardson
William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is an American politician, who served as the 30th Governor of New Mexico from 2003 to 2011. Before being elected governor, Richardson served in the Clinton administration as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Energy Secretary. Richardson has also served as a U.S. Congressman, chairman of the 2004 Democratic National Convention, and chairman of the Democratic Governors Association. On December 3, 2008, then-President-elect Barack Obama designated Richardson for appointment to the cabinet-level position of Commerce Secretary. On January 4, 2009, Richardson announced his decision to withdraw his nomination because of an investigation into possibly improper business dealings in New Mexico. In August 2009, federal prosecutors dropped the pending investigation against the governor, and there was speculation in the media regarding Richardson's career, as his second and final term as New Mexico governor concluded.
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Bob McDonnell
Robert Francis "Bob" McDonnell (born June 15, 1954) is an American politician who has been the 71st Governor of Virginia since January 16, 2010. A former lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, McDonnell served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1993 to 2006 and served as Attorney General of Virginia from 2006 to 2009. He currently serves as chairman of the Republican Governors Association.
McDonnell was elected as the Governor of Virginia on the back of the campaign slogan, "Bob's for Jobs", defeating Democratic state Senator Creigh Deeds by a 17-point margin in a 2009 general election marked by the late-2000s recession. McDonnell was inaugurated on January 16, 2010, on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol to succeed Tim Kaine.
Since taking office, McDonnell has pushed for privatization, extending a contract to outsource the state's computer operations and attempting to auction off the state's ABC liquor stores, and promoted offshore drilling for Virginia. He has sought to fund transportation improvements from non-traditional revenues sources including the proposal to auction-off liquor stores and establishing a toll booth at the Virginia-North Carolina border. He has used his amendatory veto power to restrict state funding for abortions.
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Bobby Jindal
Piyush "Bobby" Jindal (born June 10, 1971), an American politician, is the 55th and current Governor of Louisiana. Jindal is formerly a member of the United States House of Representatives. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Jindal was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to Amar and Raj Jindal, who came to the United States as immigrants from Punjab, India, six months before he was born. Jindal attended Baton Rouge Magnet High School, graduating in 1988. He competed in tennis tournaments, started a computer newsletter, a retail candy business, and a mail-order software company. He spent his free time working at the concession stands during LSU football games. Jindal was one of 50 students nationwide admitted to the Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME) at Brown University, guaranteeing him a place in medical school. He was interested in public policy. Jindal also completed a second major in biology. He graduated in 1991 at the age of 20, with honors in both majors.
Jindal was named a member of the 1992 USA Today All-USA Academic Team. He was accepted by both Harvard Medical School and Yale Law School, but studied at New College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar. He received an M.Litt. degree in political science with an emphasis in health policy from the University of Oxford in 1994 for his thesis "A needs-based approach to health care". He turned down an offer to study for a D.Phil. in politics, instead joining the consulting firm McKinsey & Company.
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Bobby Shriver
Robert Sargent "Bobby" Shriver III (born April 28, 1954) is an American activist, attorney, journalist and a Democratic member of the Santa Monica City Council in Santa Monica, California. He is a former mayor of the City of Santa Monica and currently serves as a member of the Santa Monica City Council. With the retirement of his cousin, U.S. Representative Patrick Kennedy (D-Rhode Island) in January 2011, Shriver is the only member of the Kennedy family serving in elected office.
He was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Eunice Kennedy Shriver (née Kennedy) and Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr., the first of their five children. His siblings are:
Shriver attended Yale College at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where he was a member of the Scroll and Key Society. He graduated with a B.A. in American studies with cum laude honors. He graduated from Yale Law School in 1981.
After graduating from law school, Shriver clerked for a year for Judge Stephen R. Reinhardt at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which is headquartered in San Francisco, California.
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Brian Kolb
Brian M. Kolb (born August 14, 1952) is the New York State assemblyman from the 129th District, and is the minority leader of the Assembly. He was unanimously chosen as minority leader in April 2009, following the resignation of Jim Tedisco.
Kolb, a Republican, has served in the Assembly since February 2000, when he won a special election. The 129th District is comprised by portions of Cayuga, Cortland, Onondaga, Ontario and Seneca counties in Upstate New York.
Kolb was born in Rochester, New York. He received his Associate of Arts degree from Saint Petersburg Junior College in 1980. From 1986–87 he was the Town Supervisor for the Town of Richmond, and therefore also on the Ontario County Board of Supervisors. In 1996, he received his B.S. from Roberts Wesleyan College, and continued on to receive his M.S. in 1998. He became an adjunct professor at Roberts Wesleyan in 2000, a post he continues to hold.
Kolb was chosen in a special election held in February 2000, and re-elected four times since that time. He won the November 2008 general election with 66 percent of the vote and ran uncontested in the November 2010 general election.
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Brian Sandoval
Brian Edward Sandoval (born August 5, 1963) is the 29th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada and a member of the Republican Party. Sandoval is a former judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nevada. In June 2010, Sandoval defeated his GOP challengers (including incumbent governor Jim Gibbons) to win the Republican nomination for the 2010 Gubernatorial election.
Prior to his service as a federal judge, he served as the Nevada Attorney General, the youngest chairman of the Nevada Gaming Commission and a state legislator. Sandoval was also the first Hispanic candidate elected to statewide office in Nevada.
Sandoval was born in Redding, California, and is a long-time resident of Reno. His family is of Hispanic ancestry with Mexican roots. Sandoval graduated from Bishop Manogue High School in Reno in 1981, and attended the University of Nevada, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and earned a Bachelor's Degree in English and economics in 1986. He then went on to earn a law degree from The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law in 1989.
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Brian Schweitzer
Brian David Schweitzer (born September 4, 1955) is an American politician who has been the 23rd Governor of Montana since January 2005. Schweitzer currently has one of the highest approval ratings among governors in the nation, with polls regularly showing a rating of above 60 percent. Schweitzer chairs the Western Governors Association and formerly chaired the Democratic Governors Association. He currently serves as President of the Council of State Governments.
Schweitzer was born in Havre, Montana, the fourth of six children of Kathleen (née McKernan) and Adam Schweitzer. His maternal grandparents were Irish and his paternal grandparents were ethnic Germans from present-day Russia and Ukraine. Following his high school years at The Abbey School, Holy Cross Abbey, Canon City, Colorado in 1973, Schweitzer earned his Bachelor of Science degree in international agronomy from Colorado State University in 1978 and a Master of Science in soil science from Montana State University, Bozeman in 1980.
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Butch Otter
Clement Leroy "Butch" Otter (born May 3, 1942) is the 32nd and current Governor of Idaho since January 2007 and is a member of the Republican Party. Otter previously represented the state's First Congressional District.
Otter was the longest serving Lieutenant Governor of Idaho, holding office from 1987–2001. He is the first Idahoan since statehood to win elections as both a United States Representative and as governor. He is the third Catholic to serve as governor of Idaho and the first to win election since James H. Hawley in 1910.
Butch Otter was born into a small family of limited means. His father was a journeyman electrician and the family lived in many rural locations in the Midwest & Western U.S. during his youth, attending 15 different schools. He graduated from St. Teresa's Academy (now Bishop Kelly High School) in Boise in 1962.
Otter was 20 when he graduated from high school– a childhood accident involving gasoline badly burned his younger brother and forced Otter to take a year off. Otter worked throughout high school as a janitor, theater ticket taker, and lawn boy. "My dad graduated from high school. My expectations weren’t built beyond being a good electrician or carpenter." Otter briefly attended St. Martin's Abbey in Lacey, Washington, with an aim to becoming a priest. He attended the school primarily because of his father's opinion that "unless you were going to be a priest, you didn't need to go beyond high school."[citation needed]
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Carl McCall
Herman Carl McCall (born October 17, 1935, in Boston, Massachusetts) is a former Comptroller of New York State and was the Democratic candidate for state governor in 2002. He is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ, and currently serves on the Board of Directors for numerous corporations. He received a B.A. degree from Dartmouth College in 1958. He was also educated at the University of Edinburgh, received a Master's of Divinity Degree from Andover Newton Theological School, and is the recipient of nine honorary degrees. He was the first African-American to be elected Comptroller of New York State.
McCall was born in the Roxbury section of Boston the oldest of six children. His father Herman McCall moved to Boston from Georgia, and left the family when Carl McCall was eleven. McCall attended church with Edward Brooke. He attended Dartmouth College on private and ROTC scholarship, and graduated in 1958 with a bachelor's degree in government. During the 1960s, McCall worked as a high school teacher and a bank manager. He taught for six months at Jamaica Plain High School on Sumner Hill in Boston, and then joined the Army. He opened a church in the Dorchester neighborhood. By the late 1960s McCall moved to New York City to work for church outreach. He was appointed by New York Mayor John Lindsay to head the Commission Against Poverty.
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Carl Paladino
Carl Pasquale Paladino (born August 24, 1946) is an American businessman and political activist from Buffalo, New York. Paladino is the founder and chairman of Ellicott Development Company, a real estate development company he founded in 1973. Paladino ran a campaign for the New York gubernatorial election in 2010; he pulled off an upset by winning the Republican primary over Rick Lazio, but finished second to Democrat Andrew Cuomo in the general election. Paladino's candidacy was supported by the Tea Party movement and by unusually strong support in his native Western New York; his campaign platform emphasized fiscal reform and improvement of the state's educational system.
Paladino's parents emigrated from Italy to the United States. His father participated in the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. Paladino was raised in the Lovejoy District of Buffalo and attended Bishop Timon – St. Jude High School in South Buffalo. Paladino attended St. Bonaventure University and the Syracuse University College of Law. He received his Juris Doctor degree in 1971. He spent three months on active duty in the United States Army and approximately ten years in the reserve, separating in 1981 at the rank of Captain. Paladino founded Ellicott Development in 1973; the company buys properties, builds stores, and leases them to national retail outlets (most notably Rite-Aid) and government agencies. The company has operations in Western New York, Central New York and portions of Pennsylvania.
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Carl Sherman
Carl Sherman (ca. 1891 - July 17, 1956 Larchmont, Westchester County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He lived in Buffalo, Erie County, New York.
He was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Western District of New York appointed by President Woodrow Wilson. He was New York State Attorney General from 1923 to 1924, elected in 1922 but defeated for re-election in 1924.
He was a delegate to the 1924 and 1956 Democratic National Conventions, and an alternate delegate to the 1948 Democratic National Convention. He was Treasurer of the New York State Democratic Committee from 1945 to 50.
He was a Vice President of the American Jewish Congress.
He died during a vacation at Larchmont, N.Y., and was buried at the Cedar Park Cemetery in Paramus, New Jersey.
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Carla Anderson Hills
Carla Anderson Hills (born January 3, 1934) is an American lawyer and a public figure. She served as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Gerald Ford administration, and as U.S. Trade Representative. She was the first woman to serve as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the third woman to serve as a cabinet officer.
Born Carla Anderson in Los Angeles, she received her B.A. degree from Stanford University, after studying at Oxford University. She earned her LL.B. degree from Yale University Law School in 1958 and married Roderick M. Hills the same year.
Hills was admitted to the California bar in 1959, and served as an Assistant United States Attorney in Los Angeles from 1959 to 1961. From 1962 to 1974, she was a partner at Munger, Tolles, Hills, and Rickershauser in Los Angeles. In 1972, she was an adjunct professor at UCLA. An authority on federal practice and anti-trust law, Mrs. Hills wrote of Federal Civil Practice and Antitrust Advisor. She is a former president of the National Association of Women Lawyers.
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Carol Browner
Carol Martha Browner (born December 16, 1955) is an American lawyer, environmentalist, and businesswoman, who served as director of the White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2011. Browner previously served as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001.
Browner grew up in Florida and graduated from the University of Florida and the University of Florida College of Law. After working for the Florida House of Representatives, she was employed by Citizen Action in Washington, D.C. She became a legislative assistant for Senators Lawton Chiles and Al Gore. Browner then headed the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation from 1991 to 1993, where she turned it into one of the most active departments in the state government.
She was the longest-serving administrator in the history of the EPA, staying through both terms of the Clinton presidency. During her tenure, she reorganized the agency's enforcement structure and oversaw two new programs designed to create flexible partnerships with industry as an alternative to traditional regulation. She started a successful program to deal with contaminated lands in urban areas. She took the lead within the administration in defending existing environmental laws and budgets, and was the driving force behind a stringent tightening of air quality standards that led to a prolonged political and legal battle.
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Caroline Kennedy
Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957) is an American author and attorney. She is a member of the influential Kennedy family and the only surviving child of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy.
At the time of her father's presidency she was a young child; after his assassination in 1963 her family settled in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, where she attended school. Kennedy graduated from Radcliffe College and worked at New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art, where she met her future husband, exhibit designer Edwin Schlossberg. She went on to receive a J.D. degree from Columbia Law School. Kennedy's professional life has spanned law and politics as well as education and charitable work. She has also acted as a spokesperson for her family's legacy and co-authored two books on civil liberties with Ellen Alderman.
In the 2008 presidential election, Kennedy endorsed Democratic candidate Barack Obama for President early in the primary race; she later stumped for him in Orlando, Indiana, and Ohio, served as co-chair of his Vice Presidential Search Committee, and addressed the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. After Obama's selection of then-Senator Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State, Kennedy expressed interest in being appointed to Clinton's vacant Senate seat from New York, but she later withdrew from consideration, citing "personal reasons."
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Charlene Barshefsky
Charlene Barshefsky (born August 11, 1950) served as United States Trade Representative, the country's top trade negotiator, from 1997 to 2001. Prior to that, she was the Deputy USTR from 1993 to 1997.
Barshefsky attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she obtained a B.A., double majoring in English & Political Science. She earned her law degree (J.D.) from The Catholic University of America.
Barshefsky was nominated by President Clinton to serve with Rufus Yerxa and Richard W. Fisher as Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives. In 1999, as U.S. Trade Representative, she was the primary negotiator with China's Zhu Rongji, laying out the terms for China's eventual entry into the World Trade Organization.
Barshefsky was a partner and co-chair of the International Practice Group at the law firm of Steptoe & Johnson. She is currently (as of 2007[update]) a partner at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr. She has written and lectured extensively on both U.S. and foreign trade laws and public procurement regimes. In addition to her law practice, Ambassador Barshefsky serves on the board of directors of Intel, American Express, Starwood Hotels and Resorts, The Estee Lauder Companies, and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Charles C. B. Walker
Charles Christopher Brainerd Walker (June 27, 1824 - January 26, 1888) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Born in Drewsville, New Hampshire, near Bellows Falls, Vermont, Walker completed preparatory studies. He moved to Corning, New York, in 1848. He was Postmaster of Corning 1856-1860, as well as a contractor engaging in the hardware and lumber business. During the Civil War, he served as brigade quartermaster with the rank of captain in the New York State Militia. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Charleston in 1860 and at Baltimore in 1872.
Walker was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Subsequently, he resumed his former business activities. He served as member of the board of control of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station from June 10, 1885, until his death in Corning, New York, January 26, 1888. He was interred in Palmyra Cemetery, Palmyra, New York.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
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Charles D. Newton
Charles Damon Newton (May 25, 1861 Birdsall, Allegany County, New York - October 30, 1930 Geneseo, Livingston County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Daniel Newton and Polly A. Brundage Newton. On August 10, 1887, He married Nellie E. Durfee.
He was a Republican member of the New York State Senate from 1915 to 1918. He was New York State Attorney General from 1919 to 1922, elected in 1918 and 1920.
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Charles Dayan
Charles Dayan (July 8, 1792 Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - December 25, 1877 Lowville, Lewis County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
After graduating from Lowville Academy, he became a teacher. He was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the War of 1812. Afterwards he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1817, and practiced in Lowville.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (5th D.) from 1827 to 1828, sitting in the 50th and 51st New York State Legislatures. He was President pro tempore of the State Senate and Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York from October 17 to December 31, 1828.
Dayan was a presidential elector in 1828, voting for Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun.
He was elected as a Jacksonian to the 22nd United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1833. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Lewis Co.) in 1835 and 1836.
From 1840 to 1845, he was District Attorney of Lewis County. He retired from public life because of ill health, but continued the practice of law.
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Charles Evans Hughes
Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican politician from New York. He served as the 36th Governor of New York (1907–1910), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1910–1916), United States Secretary of State (1921–1925), a judge on the Court of International Justice (1928–1930), and the 11th Chief Justice of the United States (1930–1941). He was the Republican candidate in the 1916 U.S. Presidential election, losing narrowly to Woodrow Wilson.
Hughes was a professor in the 1890s, a staunch supporter of Britain's New Liberalism, an important leader of the progressive movement of the 20th century, a leading diplomat and New York lawyer in the days of Harding and Coolidge, and was known for being swing voter when dealing with cases related to the New Deal in the 1930s. Historian Clinton Rossiter has hailed him as a leading American conservative.
Charles Evans Hughes was born in Glens Falls, New York. He was active in the Northern Baptist church, a Mainline Protestant denomination.
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Charles F. Tabor
Charles Franklin Tabor (b. June 21, 1841, St. Joseph County, Michigan) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Silas Tabor (d. 1863) and Betsey E. (Russell) Tabor. In 1843, the family removed to Newstead, New York. He was educated at academies in Clarence and Williamsville, Buffalo suburbs, and at the seminary in Lima. In 1861, he went to Buffalo, New York to study law in the office of Humphrey & Parsons, and was admitted to the bar in 1863.
On December 24, 1863, he married Phebe S. Andrews, and their daughter was Georgia E. Tabor.
In 1868 he formed a partnership with Judge Thomas Corlett, and six years later, when Judge Corlett retired, formed a partnership with William F. Sheehan. In 1888, John Cunneen and Edward E. Coatsworth were admitted to the firm under the name of Tabor, Sheehan, Cunneen & Coatsworth. In 1895, Tabor became the senior member of the law firm of Tabor & Wilkie.
In 1881 and 1882 he was a supervisor of the Town of Lancaster, New York where he resided from 1867 to 1883 when he removed to Buffalo. He was an excise commissioner of Erie County for three years.
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Charles G. Myers
Charles G. Myers (b. 1810 Madrid, St. Lawrence County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was educated at the St. Lawrence Academy in Potsdam, New York. In 1825, he began to study law in the office of Governeur Ogden at Waddington, NY, was admitted to the bar in 1832, and commenced practice in Ogdensburg, New York.
He was Surrogate of St. Lawrence County from 1844 to 1847. He was a member from St. Lawrence County of the New York State Assembly in 1848. He was District Attorney of St. Lawrence County from 1848 to 1853.
He was one of the directors of "The Great Northern Lead Company" which was incorporated on September 8, 1852, at Rossie, New York, and operated a lead mine for a few years.
He was New York State Attorney General from 1860 to 1861, elected on the Republican and American tickets..
He was a canal appraiser from 1873 to 1879.
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Charles S. Fairchild
Charles Stebbins Fairchild (April 30, 1842 – November 24, 1924) was a New York businessman and politician.
Born in Cazenovia, New York, to Sidney and Helen Fairchild, he graduated from Harvard College in 1863 and Harvard Law School in 1865. He was married to Helen Lincklaen in 1871. He practiced law with the firm of Hand, Hale, Swartz & Fairchild until 1874 when he became Deputy Attorney General of New York. Fairchild was elected Attorney General of New York in 1875, and was in office from 1876 to 1877. In January 1878, he was nominated to be Superintendent of Public Works by Gov. Lucius Robinson, but was rejected by the New York State Senate. He resumed the practice of law until 1885, when he was appointed Assistant U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. When Secretary Daniel Manning's health forced him to resign in 1887, Fairchild was appointed to succeed, and served in Grover Cleveland's administration from 1887 to 1889.
Fairchild was President of the New York Security and Trust Company from 1889 to 1904. He was on the board of the American Mechanical Cashier Company (a competitor of NCR) with investment banker Henry L. Horton and Judge Hiram Bond. He was President of the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line Railroad and a director of the Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad.
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Charles Schumer
Charles Ellis "Chuck" Schumer (/ˈʃuːmər/; born November 23, 1950) is the senior United States Senator from New York and a member of the Democratic Party. First elected in 1998, he defeated three-term Republican incumbent Al D'Amato by a margin of 55%–44%. He was easily re-elected in 2004 by a margin of 71%–24% and in 2010 by a margin of 66%–33%.
Before his election to the U.S. Senate, Schumer served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1999. He represented New York's 16th congressional district, which was later redistricted to the 10th congressional district in 1983 and to the 9th congressional district in 1993. A native of Brooklyn and graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School, he was a three-term member of the New York State Assembly, serving from 1975 to 1980.
Schumer was chairman of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee from 2005 to 2009, in which post he oversaw a total of 14 Democratic gains in the Senate in the 2006 and 2008 elections. Elected Vice Chairman of the Democratic Caucus in the Senate, in 2006, he is the third-ranking Democrat in the Senate, behind Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin. In November 2010, he was also chosen to hold the additional role of chairman of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee starting at the opening of the 112th Congress.
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Charles Stebbins
Charles Stebbins (1789 Williamstown, Berkshire County, Massachusetts - 1873) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
He graduated from Williams College in 1807, then studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1810, and commenced practice in Cazenovia, New York. In 1819, he married Eunice Masters.
He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1826 to 1829, sitting in the 49th, 50th, 51st and 52nd New York State Legislatures. When Governor Van Buren resigned to become Secretary of State in March 1829, and Lieutenant Governor Enos T. Throop succeeded to the governorship, Stebbins was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and was Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York until the end of 1829.
He was one of the three Bank Commissioners, appointed by the Governor.
He was buried at the Evergreen Cemetery in Cazenovia.
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Charles T. Saxton
Charles Terry Saxton (July 2, 1846, Clyde, Wayne County, New York – October 23, 1903, Rochester, Monroe County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
He was the son of Daniel Saxton and Eliza A. Saxton. He was educated at the Clyde High School.
In 1861, he joined the 19th Regiment of New York Volunteers, and finished the American Civil War as a major. He fought in the Red River Campaign and in the Battle of Port Hudson. Afterwards he studied law and was admitted to the bar. He was a Justice of the Peace, and President of the Village of Clyde.
He was an alternate delegate to the 1884 Republican National Convention, and a delegate to the 1900 Republican National Convention.
He was a member from Wayne County of the New York State Assembly from 1887 to 1889. In 1888, as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, he took charge of the Ballot Reform Bill and secured its passage in both Assembly and Senate, but it was vetoed by Gov. David B. Hill. The next year, he had the bill passed again, but it was vetoed again by Gov. Hill.
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Charlie Rose
Charles Peete "Charlie" Rose, Jr. (born January 5, 1942) is an American television talk show host and journalist. Since 1991 he has hosted Charlie Rose, an interview show distributed nationally by PBS since 1993. He has also co-anchored CBS This Morning since January 2012. Rose, along with Lara Logan, has hosted the revived CBS classic Person to Person, a news program during which celebrities are interviewed in their homes, originally hosted from 1953 to 1961 by Edward R. Murrow.
Rose was born in Henderson, North Carolina, the only child of Margaret Frazier and Charles Peete Rose, Sr., tobacco farmers who owned a country store. As a child, Rose lived above his parents' store in Henderson and helped out with the family business from age seven. Rose admitted in a Fresh Dialogues interview that as a child his insatiable curiosity was constantly getting him in trouble. A high school basketball star, Rose entered Duke University intending to pursue a degree with a pre-med track, but an internship in the office of Democratic North Carolina Senator B. Everett Jordan got him interested in politics. Rose graduated in 1964 with a bachelor's degree in history. At Duke, he was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order fraternity. He earned a Juris Doctor from the Duke University School of Law in 1968. He met his wife, Mary (née King), while attending Duke.
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Chris Christie
Christopher James "Chris" Christie (born September 6, 1962) is the 55th and current Governor of New Jersey. Upon his election to the governorship in November 2009, Christie became the first Republican to win a statewide election in New Jersey in 12 years. Christie, an attorney, previously served as United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey and as a Morris County, New Jersey Freeholder. In 2011, he considered entering the race for the Republican Presidential nomination but ultimately decided not to run.
Chris Christie was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Sondra A. (née Grasso) and Wilbur James "Bill" Christie, a certified public accountant. Christie is of Scottish, Irish, and Sicilian descent. He was raised in Livingston, graduating from Livingston High School. Christie graduated from the University of Delaware with a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 1984 and Seton Hall University School of Law with a Juris Doctor in 1987. Christie was admitted to the Bar of the State of New Jersey and the Bar of the United States District Court, District of New Jersey, in December 1987. After being elected the Governor of New Jersey, he was awarded honorary doctorate degrees from Rutgers University, the state university of New Jersey, and Monmouth University in 2010.
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Chris Cuomo
Christopher "Chris" Cuomo (born August 9, 1970) is a television journalist, ABC News chief law and justice correspondent, and co-anchor for ABC's 20/20. He is the son of former New York Governor Mario Cuomo and the brother of current Governor Andrew Cuomo.
Cuomo attended The Albany Academy, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University, and his Juris Doctor from Fordham University and is a licensed attorney. He resides in New York City with his wife, Cristina, and three children: a son, Mario, and daughters Bella and Carolina Regina.
Cuomo was a correspondent for the Fox News Channel and Fox Broadcast Network’s Fox Files, where he covered a wide range of stories focusing on controversial social issues. He also served as a political policy analyst for Fox News Channel. Prior to Fox News, Cuomo made similar appearances on CNBC, MSNBC and CNN.[citation needed]
As co-anchor of 20/20, Cuomo has championed purposeful journalism. His most recent long-form coverage includes a groundbreaking look at the new face of heroin. His year-long coverage reveals suburban heroin addiction attacking families like never before. Other recent work has tackled major issues such as the Haiti earthquake, child custody, bullying, homeless teens; policy change has come after Cuomo’s undercover look at for-profit school recruiters, leading to an industry clean-up; and Cuomo’s tip from a BMW owner led to a recall of over 150,000 affected models.
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Christine Gregoire
Christine O'Grady Gregoire ( /ˈɡrɛɡwɑr/; born March 24, 1947) is the 22nd and current Governor of the state of Washington, and a member of the Democratic Party. Gregoire defeated Republican candidate Dino Rossi in 2004, and again in 2008. She is the second female governor of Washington. She was the National Governors Association chairwoman for the 2010-11 term.
Christine O'Grady was raised in Auburn, Washington, by her mother, who worked as a short-order cook to support the family. After graduating from Auburn Senior High School, she attended the University of Washington in Seattle, graduating in 1969 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in speech in sociology. She attended law school at Gonzaga University in Spokane, receiving her Juris Doctor in 1977. She is a member of Kappa Delta Sorority.
She went to work as an assistant attorney general in the office of state Attorney General Slade Gorton, a Republican. As an assistant attorney general, Gregoire concentrated on child-abuse cases, coordinating with social workers to get children removed from abusive family situations and placed with relatives or foster homes.
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Christopher Lawford
Christopher Kennedy Lawford (born March 29, 1955) is an American author, actor and activist and member of the prominent Kennedy family.
Lawford was born in Santa Monica, California, the eldest child and only son of actor Peter Lawford and Patricia "Pat" Kennedy. He is a nephew of John F. Kennedy and cousin-in-law of Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger (appearing in two of his films, including Terminator 3). He holds a Bachelors of Arts from Tufts University, a J.D.from Boston College Law School, and a Masters Certification in Clinical Psychology from Harvard Medical School where he gained an academic appointment as a Lecturer on Psychiatry.
In September 2005, Harper Collins Publishers released Lawford’s memoir Symptoms of Withdrawal: A Memoir of Snapshots and Redemption (William Morrow 2005, ISBN 0-06-073248-2), which immediately became a New York Times Bestseller. He hopes that his memoir illuminates the extraordinary circumstances of his life and brings to others a cohesive message of survival, hope and finding one’s integrity in a sea of ego and depravity. His next book, Moments of Clarity: Voices from the Front Lines of Addiction and Recovery, released in 2009, is a moving series of essays by public figures, athletes and entertainers who have struggled with addiction to drugs and alcohol, and about the very moment they realized that their addiction had taken over their life, and that that was about to change, and that they would stop using drugs, including booze. Almost every person interviewed sought help from a 12 step fellowship such as AA, Narcotics Anonymous or another spiritually based means of support for recovery. In his own life, Lawford battled a drug and alcohol addiction for much of his early life, and has been in recovery for more than 24 years.
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Chuck Schumer
Charles Ellis "Chuck" Schumer (/ˈʃuːmər/; born November 23, 1950) is the senior United States Senator from New York and a member of the Democratic Party. First elected in 1998, he defeated three-term Republican incumbent Al D'Amato by a margin of 55%–44%. He was easily re-elected in 2004 by a margin of 71%–24% and in 2010 by a margin of 66%–33%.
Before his election to the U.S. Senate, Schumer served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1999. He represented New York's 16th congressional district, which was later redistricted to the 10th congressional district in 1983 and to the 9th congressional district in 1993. A native of Brooklyn and graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School, he was a three-term member of the New York State Assembly, serving from 1975 to 1980.
Schumer was chairman of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee from 2005 to 2009, in which post he oversaw a total of 14 Democratic gains in the Senate in the 2006 and 2008 elections. Elected Vice Chairman of the Democratic Caucus in the Senate, in 2006, he is the third-ranking Democrat in the Senate, behind Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin. In November 2010, he was also chosen to hold the additional role of chairman of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee starting at the opening of the 112th Congress.
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Clayton R. Lusk
Clayton Riley Lusk (December 26, 1872 Lisle, Broome County, New York - February 1959) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He is now mostly remembered as Chairman of the "Lusk Committee", and was Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1922.
He graduated LL.B. from Cornell University Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1902.
A Republican from Cortland County, Lusk was elected to the New York State Senate in 1918. From 1919 to 1920, he chaired the Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate Seditious Activities, which consisted of four senators and five assemblymen and was known popularly as the "Lusk Committee."
Lusk was chosen Majority Leader of the New York State Senate in 1921 and 1922. On September 26, 1922, upon the resignation of Lt. Gov. Jeremiah Wood, who was appointed a judge of the New York Court of Claims, Lusk became President pro tempore of the State Senate and Acting Lieutenant Governor until the end of the year. At the end of his third term, he came under scrutiny for allegedly having accepted gifts from various companies to support or oppose legislation.
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Cord Meyer
Cord Meyer, Jr. (November 10, 1920 – March 13, 2001) was an American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) official.
Meyer's father, Cord Meyer Sr., was a diplomat and former real estate developer. His grandfather, also called Cord Meyer, was a property developer and a chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee. He was educated at St. Paul's School, New Hampshire, and attended Yale University, where he was a member of the Scroll and Key society. After graduating in 1942, he enlisted with the 22nd Marine Regiment and fought in Pacific War; he took part in the Battle of Eniwetok, and in the Battle of Guam as platoon leader, losing his left eye in a grenade attack. He shared his war experiences, writing for The Atlantic Monthly.
In 1945, he married Mary Pinchot, daughter of Amos Pinchot.
After the war, Meyer was a strong advocate of world government. He was an aide of Harold Stassen to the 1945 San Francisco United Nations Conference on International Organization and in 1947, was elected president of the United World Federalists, the organization he helped to fund.
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Dan Glickman
Daniel Robert "Dan" Glickman (born November 24, 1944) is an American businessman and politician. He served as the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1995 until 2001, prior to which he represented the Fourth Congressional District of Kansas as a Democrat in Congress for 18 years. He was Chairman and CEO of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) from 2004–2010. He serves as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center, where he focuses on public health, national security, and economic policy issues. He also co-chairs BPC's Democracy Project and co-leads the center's Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative.
He also serves on the board of directors of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange,MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger and the board of Friends of the World Food Program. He also serves on the Council on American Politics, which brings leaders from the forefront of today's political and communications arena together to address issues facing the growth and enrichment of GW’s Graduate School of Political Management where he also teaches courses.
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Dan Malloy
Dannel Patrick "Dan" Malloy (born July 21, 1955) is the 88th and current Governor of Connecticut. He was the Mayor of Stamford, Connecticut from December 1995 until December 2009. Malloy had been endorsed by the Connecticut Democratic Party on May 22, 2010 over 2006 Democratic U.S. Senate candidate Ned Lamont, and won the Connecticut Democratic gubernatorial primary on August 10, 2010.
Dannel Patrick Malloy was born and raised in Stamford, Connecticut. Malloy is the seventh of seven sons and youngest of the eight children of William F. and Agnes Egan Malloy. As a child, Malloy suffered from learning disabilities and difficulties with motor coordination. He did not learn to tie his shoes until the fifth grade and was considered mentally retarded by his elementary school teachers. Malloy eventually was diagnosed with dyslexia and learned the skills necessary to succeed academically. He does not write or type, and rarely reads from notes in public, but developed an extraordinarily useful memory. He graduated magna cum laude from Boston College, where he met his wife Cathy, and later earned his law degree from Boston College Law School.
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Daniel D. Tompkins
Daniel D. Tompkins (June 21, 1774 – June 11, 1825) was the fourth Governor of New York (1807–1817), and the sixth Vice President of the United States (1817–1825).
A jurist by background, he was notable as one of the most enterprising governors in the War of 1812. To help organize the state militia, he often invested his own capital when the legislature would not approve the necessary funds. After the war, he failed to recover these massive loans, despite endless litigation, which took a toll on his health, and induced the alcoholism that affected his performance as Vice President.
Tompkins was baptized Daniel Tompkins, but added the middle initial "D." while a student at Columbia College to distinguish himself from another Daniel Tompkins there. There is controversy as to what the middle initial stood for; some have suggested "Decius".[citation needed]
Tompkins was born in Scarsdale, Westchester County, New York at his home, the estate of Fox Meadow. He graduated from Columbia College in New York City in 1795. Tompkins studied law and in 1797 was admitted to the bar, practicing in New York City. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1801, a member of the New York State Assembly in 1804, and was elected to the 9th United States Congress, but resigned before the beginning of the term to accept, at age 30, an appointment as associate justice of the New York Supreme Court, in which capacity he served from 1804 to 1807. His brother, Caleb Tompkins (1759–1846), was a United States Representative from New York from 1817 to 1821.
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Daniel Magone
Daniel Magone (January 1829 - September 4, 1904) was Collector of the Port of New York during the first administration of United States President Grover Cleveland.
He was born in Oswegatchie, New York in January 1829.
Magone became a member of the New York Canal Commission during the governorship of Samuel Tilden, in 1875. The next year he served as chairman of the Democratic Party (United States) state committee. During Tilden's unsuccessful run for the presidency versus Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876, Magone was a delegate at the Democratic National Convention. In January 1878, he was nominated by Governor Lucius Robinson to be Superintendent of Public Works but was rejected by the New York State Senate. He was again selected a delegate to the convention which nominated Cleveland in 1884. Cleveland appointed Magone Collector of the Port of New York in 1886.
Magone died at his Caroline Street home in Ogdensburg, New York, in 1904. He had been in declining health for some time. He was survived by his wife and a daughter.
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Daniel Manning
Daniel Manning (May 16, 1831 – December 24, 1887) was an American businessman, journalist, and politician most notable for having served as the 37th United States Secretary of the Treasury.
Born in Albany New York, he was educated in the public schools and then entered the world of commerce. At the age of 11, Manning went to work for the Albany Atlas which later consolidated with the Argus in 1856 where he became the editor in 1865 and owner in 1873.
Manning's political career was very successful as well. He served as the chairman of the New York Democratic committee from 1881 to 1885, and later was appointed U.S. Secretary of the Treasury by President Grover Cleveland in March 1885. Manning resigned from this post in February 1887 due to ill health.
He died later that year in Albany of Bright's disease. An engraved portrait of Manning appears on U.S. paper money, on the series 1886 20.00 silver certificates. Some of these notes are referred to as "diamondbacks" due to their unusual reverse design and they are scarce.
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Daniel S. Dickinson
Daniel Stevens Dickinson (September 11, 1800 – April 12, 1866) was a New York politician, most notable as a United States Senator from 1844 to 1851.
Born in Goshen, Connecticut, he moved with his parents to Guilford, Chenango County, New York, in 1806. He attended the common schools, was apprenticed to a clothier, and taught school at Wheatland, New York from 1821 on. In 1822, he married Lydia Knapp. He also engaged in land surveying, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828. He commenced practice in Guilford, and served as Postmaster of Guilford from 1827 to 1832. He moved to Binghamton, New York and served as the first President of the City of Binghamton in 1834.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (6th D.) from 1837 to 1840, sitting in the 60th, 61st, 62nd and 63rd New York State Legislatures. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1843 to 1844. In 1844, he was a presidential elector, voting for James K. Polk and George M. Dallas.
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Dave Heineman
David Eugene "Dave" Heineman (born May 12, 1948) is the 39th and current Governor of Nebraska. He is a member of the Republican Party, and the current Chairman of the National Governors Association. He was elected to full four-year terms in 2006 and 2010, at the end of his second full term, Heineman will become the longest-serving governor in Nebraska history with 10 years of service.
Heineman lived in a variety of places in eastern Nebraska during his youth, eventually attending high school in Wahoo, Nebraska. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1970. He served five years in the U.S. Army, leaving with the rank of captain. He also graduated the Army Ranger training program.
Heineman served on the Fremont City Council from 1990 to 1994. He also served two terms as the Nebraska State Treasurer from 1994 to 2001, and was appointed the 37th Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska on October 1, 2001. He was elected to his first full term as lieutenant governor in 2002. He is married to Sally Ganem, a former elementary school principal. They have one son.
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David B. Hill
David Bennett Hill (August 29, 1843 – October 20, 1910) was an American politician from New York who was the 29th Governor of New York from 1885 to 1891.
David B. Hill was born in Havana, New York on August 29, 1843. He was educated locally, studied law, and began a practice in Elmira in 1864. In 1864 was he was named Elmira's City Attorney. A Democrat, Hill served in the New York State Assembly from 1871 to 1872. Hill was elected an Elmira Alderman in 1880, served as Mayor of Elmira in 1882, and was President of the New York State Bar Association from 1886 to 1887.
Hill was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1883 to 1885, elected in 1882 on the ticket with Governor Grover Cleveland. He was Governor from 1885 to 1891, succeeding to the office upon Cleveland's resignation and re-elected in 1885 and 1888. During his tenure as Governor, William Kemmler was executed in the electric chair, the first inmate in the country ever to be put to death in this manner. On April 23, 1889 Hill vetoed a bill from the state legislature that would block the street construction at the Polo Grounds. He also vetoed two times (1888 and 1889) a ballot reform bill by the Republican legislature to stop the rife election fraud in New York.
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David Dinkins
David Norman Dinkins (born July 10, 1927) is a former politician and Mayor of New York City from 1990 to 1993. He was the first and is, to date, the only African American to hold that office.
Dinkins was born in Trenton, New Jersey, and raised by his father, his parents having separated when he was six years old. He moved to Harlem as a child but returned to Trenton and attended Trenton Central High School, where he graduated in 1945 in the top 10 percent of his class. After graduation, he attempted to enlist in the United States Marine Corps, but was told that a racial quota had been filled. He served in the Marine Corps from 1945 through 1946.
Dinkins graduated magna cum laude from Howard University with a degree in mathematics. He later graduated from Brooklyn Law School.
Dinkins rose through the Democratic Party organization in Harlem and became part of an influential group of African-American politicians that included Denny Farrell, Percy Sutton, Basil Paterson, and Charles Rangel; the latter three together with Dinkins were known as the "Gang of Four". As an investor, Dinkins was one of fifty African American investors who helped Percy Sutton found Inner City Broadcasting Corporation in 1971. He served briefly in the New York State Legislature.
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David Kennedy
David Anthony Kennedy (June 15, 1955 – April 25, 1984) was the fourth of eleven children of Robert F. Kennedy.
On June 4, 1968, eleven days before his 13th birthday, Kennedy nearly drowned while he and his siblings were swimming in the Pacific Ocean near the Malibu, California beach house of a Kennedy family friend, Hollywood film director John Frankenheimer.[citation needed] Kennedy had been knocked over by a wave and was trapped on the bottom by the undertow. His father dove under the water and rescued him, scraping and bruising his own forehead in the process. Frankenheimer gave Senator Kennedy theatrical makeup to hide the bruise while appearing on television hours later.[citation needed] At just after Midnight on June 5, David watched on TV as his father claimed victory in the California presidential primary election; the 12-year-old then watched as the same broadcast reported his father's assassination moments later. The event left an emotional scar on David and he began recreational drug use shortly thereafter.[citation needed]
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David Paterson
David Alexander Paterson (born May 20, 1954) is an American politician who served as the 55th Governor of New York, from 2008 to 2010. During his tenure he was the first governor of New York of non Euro American heritage and also the second legally blind governor of any U.S. state after Bob C. Riley, who was Acting Governor of Arkansas for 11 days in January 1975. Patterson is the third African American to serve as governor of any U.S. state. Since leaving office, Paterson has been a radio talk show host on station WOR in New York City.
After graduating from Hofstra Law School, Paterson worked in the District Attorney's office of Queens County, New York, and on the staff of Manhattan Borough President David Dinkins. In 1985, he was elected to the New York State Senate to a seat that was once held by his father, former New York Secretary of State Basil Paterson. In 2003, he rose to the position of Senate Minority Leader. Paterson was selected as running mate by then-New York Attorney General and Democratic Party gubernatorial nominee Eliot Spitzer in the 2006 New York gubernatorial election. Spitzer and Paterson were elected in November 2006 with 69 percent of the vote, and Paterson took office as Lieutenant Governor on January 1, 2007.
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David R. Floyd-Jones
David Richard Floyd-Jones (April 6, 1813 – January 8, 1871) was an American lawyer and politician.
A descendant of an old Long Island family, he was born at the family mansion on the Fort Neck estate in South Oyster Bay, New York (then Queens, now Nassau County) as the son of Brigadier General Thomas Floyd-Jones (1788–1851) and Cornelia Haring (Jones) Floyd-Jones (d. 1839). He was educated at Christ Church Academy in Manhasset, and graduated from Union College in 1832. He studied law in Schenectady, and commenced practice in New York City in 1835.
He was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co.) in 1841, 1842 and 1843.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (1st D.) from 1844 to 1847, sitting in the 67th, 68th, 69th and 70th New York State Legislatures. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1846.
He was Secretary of State of New York from 1860 to 1861, elected in November 1859; and Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1863 to 1864, elected in November 1862.
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Dean Baker
Dean Baker (b. July 13, 1958) is an American macroeconomist and co-founder of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, with Mark Weisbrot. He previously was a senior economist at the Economic Policy Institute and an assistant professor of economics at Bucknell University. He has a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Michigan.
Since 1996 Baker has been the author of a weekly online commentary on economic reporting. The Economic Reporting Review was published from 1996 to 2006; subsequently he has continued this commentary on his weblog Beat The Press, which was formerly published at The American Prospect, but is now located at the CEPR website.
Baker graduated from Swarthmore College (B.A., 1981), the University of Denver (M.A., 1983) and the University of Michigan (Ph.D.). As a grad student at the University of Michigan, Baker participated in, and was arrested at, two sit-ins protesting Rep. Carl Pursell's votes for military aid to the Contras. In 1986, Baker defeated Donald Grimes in the Democratic primary and ran unsuccessfully against Pursell to represent Michigan's second Congressional district.
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Dean Richmond
Dean Richmond (1804-1866) was Batavia, New York's railroad magnate, director of the Utica and Buffalo Railroad Company, First Vice President of the New York Central Railroad, and from 1864 to 1866, president of the New York Central. He was born in the town of Barnard, Vermont on March 31, 1804, and was a son of Hathaway and Rachel Dean Richmond. His father moved the family to Syracuse, New York, where he was engaged in the early salt industry. His father died when Dean was only fourteen years of age.
He expanded the salt business and, in 1842, he moved to Buffalo, New York where he established a commission and transportation business. With these businesses, he became one of the wealthiest and most influential citizens of the Great Lakes region. He became a director in the Utica and Buffalo Railroad Company and with the completion of the direct line to Batavia, he took up his residence there. With the establishment of the New York Central Railroad Company in 1853, he was chosen the first vice-president of the company, and held that position until 1864, when he was elected president upon the retirement of Erastus Corning. He was also elected president of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. He served as chairman of the Democratic State Committee from 1857 to his death in 1866. In the summer of 1866, after attending the State convention at Saratoga, he accompanied Samuel J. Tilden on a trip to Washington and Philadelphia. After returning to New York, on August 19, 1866, he was stricken with illness and died on August 27, 1866. He was buried in Batavia Cemetery. The Richmond Memorial Library, in Batavia, was a gift of Mrs. Mary E. Richmond, in memory of her son. Dean Richmond, Jr., who died in 1865.
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Dean Skelos
Dean G. Skelos (born February 16, 1948) is an American politician and the Republican Temporary President and Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Skelos represents District 9 in the State Senate, which comprises the southwest region of Nassau County. He is the second Long Islander to hold the position of Majority Leader, following Ralph J. Marino.
Skelos graduated from Washington College with a B.A. in History in 1970, and earned a J.D. from Fordham University School of Law in 1975.
Dean Skelos first won elective office on November 4, 1980. Skelos, running on the Republican, Conservative and Right-to-Life party lines defeated Democratic and Liberal party candidate Peter S. Kilcommons, Jr. by a 64% to 36% margin (30,749 to 17,371), to win election in the vacant 19th Assembly District representing Nassau County. The New York State Assembly seat became vacant when incumbent Assemblyman Raymond J. McGrath decided to run for an open seat in the United States House of Representatives due to the retirement of nine-term incumbent John W. Wydler.
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Dennis Daugaard
Dennis M. Daugaard (born June 11, 1953) is an American politician who has been the 32nd Governor of South Dakota since January 2011.
Daugaard (pronounced DEW-guard) was raised on a family farm near Garretson, South Dakota by his mother and father who were both deaf. The family descends from immigrants from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. While growing up, sign language was the main method of communication in his home. Daugaard went to a one-room country school as a child but then attended high school in the town of Dell Rapids and graduated in 1971.
Daugaard then attended the University of South Dakota in Vermillion where he was advised by William O. Farber. Professor Farber also advised former USD students Tom Brokaw and Al Neuharth. Daugaard graduated USD in 1975 with a Bachelor of Science in Government and went on to attend the prestigious Northwestern University School of Law where he earned a Juris Doctor in 1978. Daugaard paid his way through law school, driving a bus through the downtown loop and working as a security guard.
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Dennis Vacco
Dennis C. Vacco (born August 16, 1952, Buffalo, New York) is an American lawyer and politician. He graduated a B.A. from Colgate University in 1974, a J.D. from University at Buffalo Law School in 1978, and was admitted to the bar in 1979.
He was an Assistant District Attorney of Erie County from 1978 to 1988, and US Attorney for the Western District of New York from 1988 until the beginning of the Clinton administration in 1993. He was New York State Attorney General from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1998. In 1994 he defeated Karen Burstein, the Democratic nominee. Vacco brought national attention through a series of prosecutions brought against ISPs, including Dreamscape Online for distributing child pornography. The principal defendant, Buffnet, eventually pled guilty to a charge of fourth degree facilitation of a felony and was fined $5,000.
Vacco played a prominent role in Mayor Rudy Giuliani's attempt to require Time Warner Cable to carry the Fox News Channel. An attempt by Vacco to bring an anti-trust violation charge against Time-Warner failed. In 1998, Vacco was defeated in his bid for re-election by future Governor Eliot Spitzer. During his tenure as Attorney General, Vacco also argued the landmark assisted suicide case Vacco v. Quill before the United States Supreme Court. He successfully defended the state's ban on the practice, winning the case by a 9–0 vote. After leaving the Attorney General's office Vacco worked as Vice-President for New York Operations of Waste Management, Inc.
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DeWitt Clinton
DeWitt Clinton (March 2, 1769 – February 11, 1828) was an early American politician and naturalist who served as United States Senator and the sixth Governor of New York. In this last capacity he was largely responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal. Clinton was the leader of New York's People’s Party, and was a major rival of Martin van Buren, who was attorney general of New York during Clinton's governorship. According to Daniel Walker Howe (2007) Clinton is an authentic but largely forgotten hero of American democracy. Howe explains, "The infrastructure he worked to create would transform American life, enhancing economic opportunity, political participation, and intellectual awareness."
DeWitt Clinton was the second son born to James Clinton and his wife Mary DeWitt (1737–1795, aunt of Simeon De Witt), and was educated at King's College, what is now Columbia University. He became the secretary to his uncle, George Clinton, who was then governor of New York. Soon after he became a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1798, and of the New York State Senate from the Southern District from 1798 to 1802, and from 1806 to 1811. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1801. He was a member of the Council of Appointments in 1801–1802 and 1806–1807.
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Donna Shalala
Donna Edna Shalala ( /ʃəˈleɪlə/ shə-LAY-lə; born February 14, 1941) served for eight years as Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton and has been president of the University of Miami, a private university in Coral Gables, Florida, since 2001. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President George W. Bush in June 2008.
Shalala was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Maronite Catholic Lebanese immigrant parents and has a twin sister, Diane Fritel. She graduated from West Tech High School and received her bachelor's degree in 1962 from Western College for Women (which, in 1976, was merged with Miami University in Oxford, Ohio). She is 4'1" tall.
She served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Iran from 1962–64, where she worked with other volunteers to construct an agricultural college.
She received a Master's and then, in 1970, a Doctorate degree from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.
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Earl Ray Tomblin
Earl Ray Tomblin (born March 15, 1952) is an American politician who serves as the 35th and current Governor of West Virginia. Tomblin is a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to becoming Governor, Tomblin served as President of the West Virginia State Senate for almost 17 years. He became Acting Governor in 2010 following Joe Manchin's election to the US Senate. On October 4, 2011, Tomblin was elected as Governor of West Virginia in a special election to fill the unexpired term ending in January 2013. He will be up for re-election as Governor in November 2012.
Tomblin is the son of Freda M. (née Jarrell) and Earl Tomblin. He has a Bachelor of Science degree from West Virginia University where he was a member of Kappa Alpha Order and then went along to receive a Master of Business Administration degree from Marshall University.
Tomblin was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1974, and reelected in 1976 and 1978. He won election to the Senate in 1980 and was subsequently re-elected every four years until his election as governor.
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Edward F. Jones
Edward Franc Jones (June 3, 1828 Utica, Oneida County, New York - August 14, 1913 Binghamton, Broome County, New York) was an American merchant, manufacturer, author and politician from New York.
He was the son of Lorenzo B. Jones and Sophronia (Chapman) Jones. He was educated at Leicester, Massachusetts. In 1850, he married Mary A. Tarbell, of Pepperell, Massachusetts.
He fought with the 6th & 26th Massachusetts Regiments in the American Civil War. On February 24, 1866,President Andrew Johnson nominated Jones for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, United States Volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, for meritorious services during the war. The U.S. Senate confirmed the award on April 10, 1866. In 1862, he married Susan Annie Brown, from Boston. In 1865, he opened a scales manufacturing plant at Binghamton, and became widely known for his new means of advertising. He created the slogan "Jones pays the freight", meaning that, unlike his competitors, he would not charge anything for the delivery of his scales to the buyer.
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Edward Murphy, Jr.
Edward Murphy, Jr. (December 15, 1836 – August 3, 1911) was a single term United States Senator from New York, a businessman, and mayor of Troy, New York.
Edward Murphy was born in Troy, New York and attended local schools. He later was graduated from St. John's College, Fordham in 1857.
Murphy was city alderman from 1864 to 1866. He was Mayor of Troy, New York from 1875 to 1883.
In 1893, he was elected as a Democrat a U.S. Senator from New York and served from March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1899. In 1899, he was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew. Murphy was Chairman of the Committee on Relations with Canada (53rd Congress).
He resumed his former business activities and was also the president of the Troy Gas Co. and the vice president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Troy.
His daughter Julia married Hugh J. Grant, a prominent New York City politician.
Murphy died in Elberon, New Jersey on August 3, 1911, aged 74, and was interred in St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Troy, New York.
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Edward R. O'Malley
Edward Richard O'Malley (March 13, 1863 near Medina, Orleans County, New York - May 30, 1935 Buffalo, Erie County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Michael O'Malley and Bridget Whalen O'Malley. He worked on a farm and in a stone quarry before he entered Cornell University Law School in 1886. He graduated as LL.B. in 1891, and was one of the founding members of the Delta Chi fraternity there. He commenced practice in Buffalo and there entered politics as a Republican.
He was a member from Erie County of the New York State Assembly in 1901 and 1902. He was New York State Attorney General from 1909 to 1910, elected in 1908 but defeated for re-election in 1910. In 1914, he lost the Republican primary for Attorney General to Egburt E. Woodbury.
In 1914, he was appointed Referee to inquire into the "Egg Trust" in New York City. He was a justice of the New York State Supreme Court from 1925 to 1933.
He was buried at the Pine Hill Cemetery in Buffalo.
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Edward Schoeneck
Edward Schoeneck (August 1, 1875 Syracuse, Onondaga County, New York - June 22, 1951 Syracuse, Onondaga County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1915 to 1918.
He was a member from Onondaga County of the New York State Assembly from 1904 to 1907. He was Mayor of Syracuse from 1910 to 1913.
In 1910, he ran for Lieutenant Governor on the ticket with Henry Lewis Stimson, but was defeated. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1915 to 1918, elected on the Republican ticket in 1914 and 1916 with Governor Charles S. Whitman, but both were defeated for re-election in 1918.
He was a delegate to the New York State Convention to ratify the 21st Amendment in 1933.
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Edwin Corning
Edwin Corning (September 30, 1883, Albany, New York – August 7, 1934, Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Maine) was an American businessman and politician from New York. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1927 to 1928.
He was the son of Erastus Corning (1827-1897) and Mary (Parker) Corning (daughter of Amasa J. Parker). He was educated at The Albany Academy and Groton School, and graduated B.A. from Yale University in 1906. Then he began work for the Ludlum Steel Company in Watervliet, New York, and became its President in 1910.
On November 25, 1908, he married Louise Maxwell, and their children were Erastus Corning 2nd, Louise Corning, Harriet Corning and Edwin Corning, Jr. (b. 1919).
He was a presidential elector in 1924. He was Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee from 1926 to 1928. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1927 to 1928, elected on the Democratic ticket with Governor Al Smith in 1926. In 1928, when Al Smith planned to run for President, the Democrats asked Corning to run for Governor, but he declined because of ill health.
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Edwin D. Morgan
Edwin Denison Morgan (February 8, 1811 – February 14, 1883) was the 21st Governor of New York from 1859 to 1862 and served in the United States Senate from 1863 to 1869. He was the first and longest-serving chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was also a Union Army general during the American Civil War.
Morgan was born in Washington, Massachusetts on February 8, 1811. He began his business career as a grocer in Hartford, Connecticut. He became a partner with his uncle and served on the city council. In 1836, he removed to New York City and became a successful wholesaler, broker and banker.
He was an alderman, member of the New York State Senate from 1850 to 1853, and State Commissioner of Immigration.
Morgan became highly influential in Republican politics of his time and twice served as chairman of the Republican National Committee, 1856 to 1864 and 1872 to 1876.
He was Governor of New York from 1859 through 1862, elected in 1858 and 1860. He was appointed major general of volunteers in September 1861 and commanded the Department of New York until he resigned on January 3, 1863, serving simultaneously as governor and head of the military department.
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Edwin Schlossberg
Edwin Arthur Schlossberg (born July 19, 1945), founder and principal of ESI Design, is an American designer, author and artist. Schlossberg specializes in designing interactive, participatory experiences, beginning in 1977 with the first hands-on learning environment in the U.S. for the Brooklyn Children's Museum. Schlossberg continues to work in the field and publishes frequently on the subject. Schlossberg is the author of Interactive Excellence: Defining and Developing New Standards for the Twenty-first Century.
Schlossberg first attended New York's PS 166 school. Schlossberg is a graduate of Birch Wathen Lenox School and Columbia College of Columbia University. Schlossberg received his masters and doctoral degrees from Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
Schlossberg's multidisciplinary design firm, ESI Design, is based on Sixth Avenue in New York City, New York and has produced award-winning interactive experiences for both institutional and corporate clients. Signature projects include:
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Egbert Benson
Egbert Benson (June 21, 1746 New York City – August 24, 1833 Jamaica, Queens County, New York) was a lawyer, jurist, politician from Upper Red Hook, New York, and a Founding Father of the United States who represented New York in the Continental Congress, Annapolis Convention, and the United States House of Representatives, and who served as a member of the New York State constitutional convention in 1788 which ratified the United States Constitution. He also served as the first Attorney General of the State of New York, Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court, and as a judge and Chief Judge on the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit.[1][2][3]
Egbert Benson was born in New York City, the son of Robert Benson (1715–1762) and Catherine (Van Borsum) Benson (1718–1794). He was privately educated then attended King's College (now Columbia University), graduating in 1765. He read law, was admitted to the bar and moved to Red Hook in Dutchess County. He practiced law both there and in New York City.
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Egburt E. Woodbury
Egburt E. Woodbury (ca. 1862 - March 13, 1920 Jamestown, Chautauqua County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was elected a Justice of the Peace in 1886. He was a member from Chautauqua County of the New York State Assembly from 1891 to 1893, Surrogate of Chautauqua County from 1901 to 1905, and a State Tax Commissioner from 1906 .
He was New York State Attorney General from 1915 to 1917, elected in 1914 and 1916. He resigned on April 19, 1917, due to ill health, and was succeeded by his First Deputy Attorney General Merton E. Lewis.
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Elliott Danforth
Elliott Danforth (March 6, 1850 Middleburgh, Schoharie County, New York - January 7, 1906 Manhattan, New York City) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Peter S. Danforth, a justice of the New York Supreme Court. He studied law with his father and was admitted to the bar in 1871. On December 17, 1874, he married Ida Prince, and they had a son, Edward Danforth, and a daughter. In 1878, he removed to Bainbridge, N.Y., where his father-in-law was President of the First National Bank. There, Danforth practiced law in partnership with George H. Winsor, and was President of the Corporation of Bainbridge.
He was a delegate to the 1880 and 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900 and 1904 Democratic National Conventions.
He was Deputy Treasurer under Lawrence J. Fitzgerald from 1885 to 1889, and was New York State Treasurer from 1890 to 1893, elected in 1889 and 1891.
In November 1891, he was a member of the State Board of Canvassers (made up by the Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, Attorney General and State Engineer), when the electoral fraud in the Dutchess County senatorial election happened by which Governor David B. Hill gained control of the New York State Senate. The Republican candidate Gilbert A. Deane had received 78 votes more than Democrat Edward B. Osborne, but the Board changed 92 votes and declared Osborne elected by a plurality of 14. The New York Supreme Court issued a writ to Danforth, ordering him to certify the election of Deane, but Danforth refused to obey. For this he and the other members of the Board were fined $500 by Justice D. Cady Herrick. The sentence was later upheld by the New York Court of Appeals.
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Erastus Corning 2nd
Erastus Corning 2nd (October 7, 1909 – May 28, 1983) was an American politician. He was Mayor of Albany, New York for more than 40 years, from 1942 to 1983, when Albany County was controlled by one of the last two classic urban political machines in the United States. Albany's longest serving mayor, the Democrat died in office in 1983. His great-grandfather, Erastus Corning, was an industrialist who founded the New York Central Railroad and served as Albany's mayor from 1834 to 1837. His father, Edwin Corning, was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1927 to 1928.
Corning referred to himself as "Erastus Corning 2nd", preferring that moniker to "Erastus Corning II".
Corning was born in Albany, New York, the son of Louise (née Maxwell) and Edwin Corning. His mother was born in Cawnpore, India, where her father was serving as a missionary, to American parents. He was educated at The Albany Academy and Groton School before attending Yale University. After earning his college degree, Corning started an insurance company and soon entered politics with his election to the New York State Assembly in 1935. He was elected to the New York State Senate in 1936.
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Erastus Root
Erastus Root (March 16, 1773 Hebron, then Windham County, now Tolland County, Connecticut – December 24, 1846 New York City) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1793 and became a teacher. Then he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1796, and commenced practice in Delhi, New York.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Delaware Co.) in 1798–99, 1800–01 and 1802.
He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the 8th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1803, to March 3, 1805. Afterwards he resumed his law practice.
Hee was elected to the 11th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1811, and was Chairman of the Committee on Claims.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (Middle D.) from 1812 to 1815, sitting in the 35th, 36th, 37th and 38th New York State Legislatures.
In 1815, he contested successfully the election of John Adams to the 14th United States Congress, and took his seat on December 26, 1815, served until March 3, 1817, and was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department.
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Eric Schneiderman
Eric T. Schneiderman (born December 31, 1954) is the 65th and current New York Attorney General.
Schneiderman graduated from Trinity School (New York City) in 1972 and Amherst College in 1977 with a B.A. in English and Asian studies, and graduated with honors[citation needed] from Harvard Law School in 1982.
Schneiderman's career began when he served for two years as Deputy Sheriff in Berkshire County, Massachusetts.[citation needed] He also clerked for two years within the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, subsequent to which he became a partner at the law firm of Kirkpatrick and Lockhart. As a public interest lawyer, Schneiderman served for over a decade as counsel to the West Side Crime Prevention program, and as lead counsel to the Straphangers Campaign's lawsuit against New York's Metropolitan Transit Authority.[citation needed]
Before being elected Attorney General, Schneiderman previously represented the 31st District in the New York State Senate. This comprises Manhattan's Upper West Side, as well as Morningside Heights, West Harlem, Washington Heights, Inwood, and Marble Hill, in addition to part of Riverdale, The Bronx.
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Erskine Bowles
Erskine Boyce Bowles (pronounced /ˈɜrskən ˈboʊlz/; born August 8, 1945) is an American businessman and political figure from North Carolina. He served from 2005 to 2010 as the President of the University of North Carolina system. In 1997–98 he served as White House Chief of Staff and he also ran unsuccessfully for a North Carolina United States Senate seat in 2002 and 2004.
Bowles is best known for his appointment in 2010 as the Democratic co-chair of President Barack Obama's National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform with Alan K. Simpson.
Bowles was born and raised in Greensboro, North Carolina and is the son of Jessamine Woodward Boyce Bowles and the late Hargrove "Skipper" Bowles, Jr., a Democratic politician who once ran for Governor of North Carolina, in 1972, but lost. Siblings include Hargrove Bowles III, Mary Holland Bowles Blanton and the late Martha Thomas Bowles. Bowles graduated from Virginia Episcopal School before attending college. Bowles attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity and graduated with a business degree. After briefly serving in the United States Coast Guard, Bowles then enrolled in Columbia Business School, where he earned an MBA.
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Federico Peña
Federico Fabian Peña (born March 15, 1947) is a former United States Secretary of Transportation from 1993 to 1997 and United States Secretary of Energy from 1997 to 1998, during the presidency of Bill Clinton.
Born in Laredo, Texas, Peña earned a B.A. (1969) and a J.D. (1972) from the University of Texas at Austin and The University of Texas School of Law, respectively. Moving to Colorado, where he became a practicing attorney, Peña was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1979, where he rose to become Minority Leader. In 1983, Peña defeated a 14-year incumbent, William H. McNichols, Jr. to become the first Hispanic Mayor of Denver, a post to which he was re-elected in 1987.
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Francis C. Barlow
Francis Channing Barlow (October 19, 1834 – January 11, 1896) was a lawyer, politician, and Union General during the American Civil War.
Barlow was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of a Unitarian minister, but was raised in his mother's home town of Brookline, Massachusetts. He studied law at Harvard University, graduated first in his class, and was practicing law on the staff of the New York Tribune newspaper when the Civil War broke out in 1861.
In April 1861, Barlow enlisted as a private in the 12th New York Militia, leaving behind his new bride, Arabella Wharton Griffith Barlow, ten years his senior, after one day of marriage. He was commissioned a first lieutenant in his first month of service. His regiment had only a three-month term of enlistment and he mustered out with his men, but soon found a new regiment. By November he was a lieutenant colonel in the 61st New York, and by the time of the Peninsula Campaign in the spring of 1862, he became its colonel.
Barlow saw his first action at the Battle of Seven Pines as part of the brigade commanded by Brig. Gen. Oliver O. Howard in the II Corps of the Army of the Potomac. At Glendale, in the Seven Days Battles, his regiment became separated from the rest of the brigade; and he exercised personal initiative by advancing his men to the sound of the fighting, encountering a Confederate battle line and leading his men in a bayonet charge against it. The enemy fled, and Barlow picked up a fallen Confederate flag. At the Battle of Malvern Hill, Barlow and his men successfully defended the line against repeated Confederate assaults.
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Frank C. Moore
Frank Charles Moore (March 23, 1896, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – April 23, 1978, Crystal River, Citrus County, Florida) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Conventions of 1938 and 1967. He was New York State Comptroller from 1943 to 1950, elected in 1942 and 1946.
In 1950, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York but resigned on September 29, 1953, to become President of Nelson A. Rockefeller's Government Affairs Foundation.
He was buried at Elmlawn Cemetery in Kenmore, New York.
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Frank Campbell
Frank Campbell (March 27, 1858 Bath, Steuben County, New York – February 20, 1924) was an American banker and politician.
He was the son of Lt. Gov. Robert Campbell and Frances Fowler Campbell. He was educated at Haverling Academy and at Trenton, New Jersey.In 1879, he married Mary Louise Willson (d. 1914), and their son was Willson R. Campbell.
With his brother Clarence he founded the Campbell Brothers Bank in Bath in 1880. After dissolving the partnership, he organized the Farmers & Mechanics Bank of Bath, of which he was Cashier until 1922, and then President until his death.
As a Democrat he was New York State Comptroller from 1892 to 1893, elected in 1891 but defeated for re-election in 1893. He was a delegate to the 1892 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. He was Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee from 1898 to 1904.
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Frank D. O'Connor
Frank D. O'Connor (December 20, 1909 Manhattan, New York City - December 2, 1992 Flushing, Queens, NYC) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was District Attorney of Queens County, New York from 1956 to 1965.
O'Connor was the son of Irish immigrants. He grew up in Elmhurst and graduated from Newtown High School and Niagara University in 1932, and from Brooklyn Law School in 1934. He served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Coast Guard during World War II. He later practiced law in Queens and became active in the Democratic Party.
O’Connor was a member of the New York State Senate (6th District) from 1949 to 1952, and (8th District) in 1955. He gained fame as a lawyer in 1953, when he defended Christopher Emanuel Balestrero, a bass player at the Stork Club falsely accused of armed robbery. The story was the basis of the 1956 Alfred Hitchcock movie, The Wrong Man. Henry Fonda played Balestrero, and O'Connor was portrayed by Anthony Quayle.
O'Connor was elected Queens D.A. in 1955, serving until 1965. He was a delegate to the 1960 and 1964 Democratic National Conventions. He was President of the New York City Council from 1966 to 1968, and ran in 1966 unsuccessfully for Governor of New York against Nelson Rockefeller.
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Frank Gifford
Francis Newton "Frank" Gifford (born August 16, 1930) is a former American football player and American sportscaster.
Gifford was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Lola Mae (née Hawkins) and Weldon Gifford, an oil driller.
After graduating from Bakersfield High School, Gifford was unable to gain an athletic scholarship to the University of Southern California (USC) due to his low grade point average. Undeterred, he played a season for Bakersfield Junior College, making the Junior College All-American team while making the grades needed to enroll at USC.
At USC, Gifford was named an All-American athlete and player and graduated in the class of 1952. In 1951 he ran for 841 yards on 195 carries.
He began his NFL career with the New York Giants by playing both offense and defense, a rarity when platoon football became popular after World War II. He made eight Pro Bowl appearances and had five trips to the NFL Championship Game. Gifford's biggest season may have been 1956, when he won the Most Valuable Player award of the NFL, and led the Giants to the NFL title over the Chicago Bears.
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Frank S. Black
Frank Swett Black (March 8, 1853, York County, Maine – March 22, 1913, Troy, New York) was an American newspaper editor, lawyer and politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897, and the 32nd Governor of New York from 1897 to 1898.
Born near Limington, York County, Maine, Black was one of eleven children of Jacob, a farmer, and Charlotte B. Black. He graduated from Lebanon Academy in 1871, and then taught school for several years. With the money thus earned, he managed to enter Dartmouth College in 1875. Out of college, he moved to Johnstown, New York, and was employed as editor of the Johnstown Journal.
An ardent follower of his James G. Blaine, also from Maine, Black changed the political stance of the paper while the Democratic owner was out of town, but was promptly dismissed upon the latter's return. He then moved to Troy, New York, and worked for the Troy Whig and the Troy Times. At the same time he studied law, and was admitted to the bar. Black was elected as a Republican to the 54th United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1895, to January 7, 1897, when he resigned.
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Frank W. Higgins
Frank Wayland Higgins (August 18, 1856 – February 12, 1907) was an American politician. He was a delegate to the 1888 Republican National Convention, and a member of the New York State Senate from 1894 to 1902. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1903 to 1904, elected in 1902; and Governor of New York from 1905 to 1906, elected in 1904.
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Franklin Raines
Franklin Delano "Frank" Raines (born January 14, 1949) is an American business executive. He is the former chairman and chief executive officer of the Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Fannie Mae, who served as White House budget director under President Bill Clinton. His role leading Fannie Mae has come under scrutiny.
Raines was born in Seattle, Washington, the son of a janitor. Raines graduated from Harvard College, Harvard Law School; and Magdalen College, Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar.
In 1969, Raines first worked in national politics, preparing a report for the Nixon administration on the causes and patterns of youth unrest around the country related to the Vietnam War. He served in the Carter Administration as associate director for economics and government in the Office of Management and Budget and assistant director of the White House Domestic Policy Staff from 1977 to 1979. Then he joined Lazard Freres and Co., where he worked for 11 years and became a general partner. In 1991 he became Fannie's Mae's Vice Chairman, a post he left in 1996 in order to join the Clinton Administration as the Director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, where he served until 1998. In 1999, he returned to Fannie Mae as CEO.
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G. Oliver Koppell
G. Oliver Koppell (born December 15, 1940 in the Bronx, New York) is a member of the New York City Council from District 11 in the Borough of The Bronx, covering the neighborhoods of Riverdale, Kingsbridge, Woodlawn, Van Cortlandt Village, Norwood, and Bedford Park. He was elected to the Council in 2001, and recently defeated Ari Hoffnung by a 3 to 1 margin in 2005. On September 15, 2009, Oliver Koppell defeated challenger, Tony Perez Casino winning 65% of the vote.
Prior to his term in the City Council, he had been a member of the New York State Assembly in from 1970 to 1994. While in the Assembly, he served as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and passed the New York bottle bill. In 1981, Koppell ran for Bronx Borough President, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by the incumbent, Stanley Simon.
In 1993, Koppell was elected by the New York State Legislature to fill the unexpired term of New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams, who resigned. As attorney general, Koppell successfully brought a lawsuit to allow drivers under the age of 25 to obtain rental cars in the State of New York. In 1994, Koppell sought a full term as attorney general, but lost to Judge Karen Burstein in the Democratic Primary. He finished second, ahead of Brooklyn District Attorney Charles "Joe" Hynes and prosecutor Eliot Spitzer. In 1998, he again sought the Democratic nomination for state attorney general. He finished third in the primary, behind Spitzer, who won, and State Sen. Catherine Abate. Koppell finished ahead of Charles Davis, a former staffer for former Gov. Mario Cuomo.
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Gardner Stow
Gardner Stow (b. ca. 1790 Orange, Franklin County, Massachusetts) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Timothy Stow. The family removed first to Warrensburg, and in 1802 to Bolton, New York. In 1806, he went to Sandy Hill, New York to study law, and made the acquaintance of Esek Cowen who was a fellow student and became later a judge of the Fourth Circuit Court. When Cowen was admitted to the bar and commenced practice, Stow continued his studies in the office of Gansevoort and Cowen in Gansevoort's Mills, Saratoga County, New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1811. He commenced practice in Elizabethtown, New York, and in 1829, he was Postmaster there, and Essex County Treasurer.
In 1834, in an address delivered before a Temperance Society in Keeseville, he was "the first man to advocate legislation to prohibit all traffic in intoxicating liquor, as a beverage."
Later he lived at Keeseville, New York, and was District Attorney of Essex County from 1838 to 1844.
Later he moved to Troy, New York.
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Gary Ackerman
Gary Leonard Ackerman (born November 19, 1942) is the U.S. Representative for New York's 5th congressional district, serving since a special election in 1983. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district encompasses the North Shore of Long Island, including West and Northeast Queens and Northern Nassau County along with Corona, Flushing, Jamaica Estates, Bayside, Whitestone, Douglaston, and Little Neck in Queens, Floral Park, as well as Great Neck, Sands Point, Port Washington, Searingtown, Albertson, Manhasset, and Roslyn in Nassau County. On March 15, 2012, Ackerman announced that he will retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3, 2013 after fifteen terms, and will not seek re-election in November 2012.
Ackerman was born in Brooklyn, the son of Eva (née Barnett) and Max Ackerman. His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia. He was raised in Flushing, Queens. He attended local public schools, Brooklyn Technical High School and graduated from Queens College in 1965. After college, Ackerman became a New York City School teacher where he taught social studies, mathematics, and journalism to junior high school students in Queens.
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Gary Herbert
Gary Richard Herbert (born May 7, 1947) is the 17th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Utah. Having served as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009, he assumed the governorship on August 11, 2009, following the resignation of Jon Huntsman, Jr., who was appointed United States Ambassador to the People's Republic of China by President Barack Obama. Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010, defeating his opponent 64%-32%. He is seeking election to a full four-year term in 2012.
Herbert was born to Paul and Carol Peters in American Fork, later being adopted by his stepfather, Duane Barlow Herbert. Governor Herbert grew up in Orem, Utah. He graduated from Orem High School, served a two year mission for the LDS Church in the Eastern States Mission and later attended Brigham Young University, but did not graduate. Herbert is of entirely English descent.
He is married to Jeanette Snelson Herbert; they have six children and thirteen grandchildren.
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George DeLuca
George Benjamin DeLuca (September 20, 1889 – May 2, 1983) was an American lawyer, banker and politician. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1955 to 1958.
He was the son of Mariano DeLuca and Catherine (Bonetti) DeLuca. His parents came to the United States in the 1880s from the Province of Belluno.
He was District Attorney of Bronx County from 1950 to 1954. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1955 to 1958, elected on the Democratic ticket with Governor W. Averell Harriman in 1954, but defeated for re-election in 1958. He was a delegate to the 1956 and 1960 Democratic National Conventions.
He was a vice president of the Commercial Bank of America, elected in 1959.
He lived in Riverdale, Bronx.
He died at the North Central Bronx Hospital.
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George H. Cobb
George Henry Cobb (October 10, 1864, Hounsfield, Jefferson County, New York – January 1943) was an American politician from New York. He was President pro tempore of the New York State Senate and Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1910.
He was the son of Elijah Cobb (1833–1934) and Emily (Crandall, Frink) Cobb (d. 1924). He graduated from Potsdam State Normal School in 1886, then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1891. On April 19, 1893, he married Louisa Wenzel (d. 1938). In 1898, he was City Recorder of Hounsfield. He was District Attorney of Jefferson County from 1899 to 1904.
He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1905 to 1912. He was a delegate to the 1908 Republican National Convention. In March 1910, after the resignation of Jotham P. Allds, Cobb was chosen President pro tempore of the State Senate. In October 1910, after the resignation of Governor Charles Evans Hughes, who had been appointed to the United States Supreme Court, and the succession of Lt. Gov. Horace White to the governorship, Cobb became Acting Lieutenant Governor until the end of the year.
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George P. Barker
George Payson Barker (October 25, 1807 Rindge, Cheshire County, New Hampshire - January 27, 1848 Buffalo, Erie County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He attended Amherst College from 1823 to 1826, and then entered Union College from which he graduated in 1827. While in college, he studied law with Alonzo C. Paige at Schenectady, New York, after graduating he studied law with Stephen G. Austin at Buffalo, and was admitted to the bar in 1830. He practiced law in partnership with Austin until 1832, then with John T. Hudson until 1836. In 1834, he married Abby Coit. From 1837 to 1839, he practiced law with Seth E. Sill and Seth C. Hawley, then with Sill only until July 1847, and finally with George Coit, Jr.
In 1828, he entered politics joining the Jacksonians, and later becoming a Democrat. In June 1829, he was appointed Clerk of the Village of Buffalo. In 1831 he ran for the Assembly, but was defeated by the Anti-Masonic candidates. In 1832, he was appointed first Attorney of the City of Buffalo, later District Attorney of Erie County which office he resigned in December 1836. In 1834, he ran for Congress but was defeated by the Anti-Masonic candidate Thomas C. Love.
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George Pataki
George Elmer Pataki (/pəˈtɑːki/; born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York. A member of the Republican Party, Pataki served three consecutive four-year terms from January 1, 1995 until December 31, 2006.
Pataki's paternal grandfather was János (later John) Pataki (1883–1971) of Aranyos-Apáti, Hungary, who came to the United States in 1908 and worked in a hat factory. János had married Erzsébet (later Elizabeth; 1887 – 1975) around 1904. Their son, Pataki's father, was Louis P. Pataki (1912–1996), a mailman. Pataki's maternal grandfather was Matteo Laganà (born in Calabria, Italy in 1889), who married Agnes Lynch of County Louth, Ireland around 1914. Their daughter, Margaret Lagana, is Pataki's mother. He has an older brother, Louis. George Pataki can still speak a little Hungarian today.
Pataki married Elizabeth Rowland in 1973, and they have four children: Emily, Teddy, Allison, and Owen.
After attending Peekskill High School, he entered Yale University in 1964 on an academic scholarship, and graduated in 1967. While there he served as chairman of the Conservative Party of the Yale Political Union. He received his J.D. from Columbia Law School in 1970.
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George R. Lunn
George Richard Lunn (1873–1948) was an American clergyman and politician from New York. He was the first Socialist mayor in the State of New York, and was a U.S. Representative from 1917 to 1919.
George R. Lunn was born June 23, 1873 near Lenox, Taylor County, Iowa.
Lunn fought in the Spanish-American War in 1898. He was elected Commander-in-Chief of the United Spanish War Veterans in 1931-32.
Lunn was Mayor of Schenectady, New York from 1912 to 1913 and from 1916 to 1917, elected on the Socialist ticket, and from 1920 to 1922, elected as a Democrat. Lunn was elected as a Democrat to the 65th United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1917, to March 3, 1919. In 1920, he was defeated by Harry C. Walker in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senator from New York.
Lunn was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1923 to 1924, elected on the Democratic ticket with Governor Al Smith in 1922, but defeated for re-election in 1924. Lunn owned the land upon which Lath maintained his famous ice house in the leading collateral agreement case, Mitchell v. Lath (Ct. of App. of N.Y, 247 N.Y. 377). The facts of the case are mentioned in the official comments to the Principles of European Contract Law.
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George Tenet
George John Tenet (born January 5, 1953) was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) for the United States Central Intelligence Agency, and is Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University.
Tenet held the position as the DCI from July 1997 to July 2004, making him the second-longest-serving director in the agency's history–behind Allen Welsh Dulles–as well as one of the few DCIs to serve under two U.S. presidents of opposing political parties. In February 2008, he became a managing director at the merchant bank Allen & Company.
Tenet was born in Flushing, Queens, New York, the son of Evangelia and John Tenet. His father was born in Albania. His mother was from Epirus. His father worked in a coal-mine in France before arriving in the United States. Tenet was raised in Little Neck, Queens where he and his brother Bill worked as busboys in their family's diner (later renamed Scobee Diner). He attended Public School 94, Louis Pasteur Junior High School 67, and Benjamin N. Cardozo High School (he was a classmate of Ron Jeremy and actor Reginald VelJohnson). Tenet graduated from Georgetown University in 1976 with a Bachelor of Science degree in foreign service and received a Master of International Affairs degree from Columbia University in 1978.
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George W. Patterson
George Washington Patterson (November 11, 1799 Londonderry, Rockingham County, New Hampshire - October 15, 1879 Westfield, Chautauqua County, New York) was an American politician who served as United States Representative and Lieutenant Governor of New York.
He graduated from Pinkerton Academy. He moved to New York and settled in Genesee County in 1818, engaged in the manufacture of fanning mills, settled in Leicester, Livingston County, New York in 1825 and engaged in agricultural pursuits and the manufacture of farming implements. He was commissioner of highways of Leicester, and a justice of the peace.
He was a member from Livingston County of the New York State Assembly in 1832, 1833, and from 1835 to 1840, and was Speaker in 1839 and 1840. He was basin commissioner at Albany in 1839 and 1840 and moved to Westfield in 1841 to take charge of the Chautauqua land office.
He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1846, was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1849 to 1850.
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George W. Romney
George Wilcken Romney (July 8, 1907 – July 26, 1995) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician. He was chairman and president of American Motors Corporation from 1954 to 1962, the 43rd Governor of Michigan from 1963 to 1969, and the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1969 to 1973. He is the father of former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney and was the husband of former Michigan U.S. Senate candidate Lenore Romney.
Romney was born to American parents living in the Mormon colonies in Mexico; events during the Mexican Revolution forced his family to flee back to the United States when he was a child. The family lived in several states and ended up in Salt Lake City, Utah, where they struggled during the Great Depression. Romney worked in a number of jobs, served as a Mormon missionary in England and Scotland, and attended several colleges in the U.S. but did not graduate from any. In 1939 he moved to Detroit and joined the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, where he served as the chief spokesman for the automobile industry during World War II and headed a cooperative arrangement in which companies could share production improvements. He joined Nash-Kelvinator in 1948, and became the chief executive of its successor, American Motors Corporation, in 1954. There he turned around the struggling firm by focusing all efforts on the compact Rambler car. Romney mocked the products of the "Big Three" automakers as "gas-guzzling dinosaurs" and became one of the first high-profile, media-savvy business executives. Devoutly religious, Romney presided over the Detroit Stake of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
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Governor of Florida
The Governor of Florida is the head of the executive branch of government in the U.S. state of Florida, and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Florida Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.
When Florida was first acquired by the United States, future president Andrew Jackson served as its military governor. Florida Territory was established in 1822, and five people served as governor over six distinct terms. The first territorial governor, William Pope Duval, served 12 years, the longest of any governor to date. Since statehood in 1845 there have been 43 people who have served as governor, one of whom served two distinct terms. Three state governors have served two full four-year terms: William D. Bloxham, in two stints; and Reubin Askew and Jeb Bush, who each served their terms consecutively. Bob Graham almost served two terms, as he resigned with only three days left. The shortest term in office belongs to Wayne Mixson, who served three days following the resignation of his predecessor.
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Governor of Ohio
The Governor of the state of Ohio is the head of the executive branch of Ohio's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws; the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio Legislature; the power to convene the legislature; and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.
There have been 63 governors of Ohio, serving 69 distinct terms. The longest term was held by Jim Rhodes, who was elected four times and served just under sixteen years in two non-consecutive periods of two terms each (1963–1971 and 1975–1983). The shortest terms were held by John William Brown and Nancy Hollister, who each served for only 11 days after the governors preceding them resigned in order to begin the terms to which they had been elected in the United States Senate; the shortest-serving elected governor was John M. Pattison, who died in office five months into his term. The current governor is John Kasich, who took office on January 10, 2011.
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Greene C. Bronson
Greene Carrier Bronson (November 17, 1789 Simsbury, Hartford County, Connecticut – September 3, 1863 Saratoga, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
He was the son of Oliver Bronson (1746–1815, a music teacher and publisher) and Sarah Merrill Bronson (1754–1825). About 1802, the family removed from Simsbury to Cazenovia which was then in Oneida County, New York.
He was Surrogate of Oneida County from 1819 to 1821. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Oneida and Oswego Co.) in 1822.
He was New York Attorney General from 1829 to 1836. He was an associate justice of the New York State Supreme Court from 1836 to 1845, and Chief Justice from 1845 to 1847. He was one of the first four judges elected to the New York Court of Appeals in 1847, and was Chief Judge from 1850 to 1851 when he resigned.
In 1853, he was appointed Collector of the Port of New York. In 1854, on the Barnburner ticket, he was one of five candidates for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Myron H. Clark, coming in last with only 7% of the votes. From 1860 to 1862, he was Corporation Counsel of the City of New York.
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Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was the only Democrat elected to the presidency in the era of Republican political domination that lasted from 1861 to 1913.
Cleveland was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism and subsidies to business, farmers or veterans. His battles for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era. Cleveland won praise for his honesty, independence, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. Cleveland relentlessly fought political corruption, patronage, and bossism. Indeed, as a reformer his prestige was so strong that the reform wing of the Republican Party, called "Mugwumps", largely bolted the GOP ticket and swung to his support in 1884.
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H. Carl McCall
Herman Carl McCall (born October 17, 1935, in Boston, Massachusetts) is a former Comptroller of New York State and was the Democratic candidate for state governor in 2002. He is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ, and currently serves on the Board of Directors for numerous corporations. He received a B.A. degree from Dartmouth College in 1958. He was also educated at the University of Edinburgh, received a Master's of Divinity Degree from Andover Newton Theological School, and is the recipient of nine honorary degrees. He was the first African-American to be elected Comptroller of New York State.
McCall was born in the Roxbury section of Boston the oldest of six children. His father Herman McCall moved to Boston from Georgia, and left the family when Carl McCall was eleven. McCall attended church with Edward Brooke. He attended Dartmouth College on private and ROTC scholarship, and graduated in 1958 with a bachelor's degree in government. During the 1960s, McCall worked as a high school teacher and a bank manager. He taught for six months at Jamaica Plain High School on Sumner Hill in Boston, and then joined the Army. He opened a church in the Dorchester neighborhood. By the late 1960s McCall moved to New York City to work for church outreach. He was appointed by New York Mayor John Lindsay to head the Commission Against Poverty.
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Hamilton Fish
Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893) was an American statesman and politician who served as the 16th Governor of New York, United States Senator and United States Secretary of State. Fish has been considered one of the best Secretaries of State in the United States history; known for his judiciousness and reform efforts during the Grant Administration. Fish settled the controversial Alabama Claims with Great Britain through his development of the concept of international arbitration. Fish kept the United States out of war with Spain over Cuban independence by coolly handling the volatile Virginius Incident. In 1875, Fish initiated the process for Hawaiian statehood, by having negotiated a reciprocal trade treaty for the island nation's abundant sugar supply. Fish organized a peace conference and treaty in Washington D.C. between South American countries and Spain. Fish worked with James Milton Turner, America's first African American consul, to settle the Liberian-Grebo civil war. President Grant stated that Hamilton Fish, above all, was the person whom he most trusted for political advice.
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Hamilton Ward, Jr.
Hamilton Ward, Jr. (1871 – October 8, 1932) was an American lawyer and politician.
Hamilton Ward, Jr. was the son of Hamilton Ward, Sr.. He fought in the Spanish-American War in Cuba as a captain. In 1907, he was Commander-in-Chief of the United Spanish War Veterans. As a Republican, he was New York State Attorney General from 1929 to 1930, elected in 1928.
He died from pneumonia in Buffalo, New York, and was buried at the Forest Hill Cemetery in Belmont, New York.
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Hamilton Ward, Sr.
Hamilton Ward, Sr. (July 3, 1829 Salisbury, Herkimer County, New York - December 28, 1898 Wellsville, Allegany County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He attended the common schools and was privately tutored. He studied law in Elmira, New York, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Philipsville in 1851. He was District Attorney of Allegany County from 1856 to 1859 and again from 1862 to 1865. He was appointed in 1862 by the Governor of New York as commissioner to raise and equip troops for the Civil War.
Ward was elected as a Republican to the 39th, 40th and 41st United States Congresses, serving from March 4, 1865 to March 3, 1871. While a Representative, he was Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims (Fortieth Congress). Ward also drafted the articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson in 1868. He was not a candidate for renomination to the House in 1870.
He had been delegate to nearly all State conventions from 1858 to 1890, and was New York State Attorney General from 1880 to 1881, elected in 1879.
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Harry C. Walker
Harry Clay Walker (March 18, 1873 Binghamton, Broome County, New York - November 2, 1932) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1919 to 1920.
He was the son of William J. Walker and Sarah Walker. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1894.
He was Mayor of Binghamton from 1917 to 1918.
He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1919 to 1920, elected on the Democratic ticket with Governor Al Smith in 1918. In 1919, he was one of nine members appointed to the Labor Board, created by Governor Al Smith to intervene in labor conflicts, which mediated successfully in a few cases. In 1920, he won the Democratic primary for U.S. Senator from New York defeating George R. Lunn, then Mayor of Schenectady, but lost the election to the incumbent Republican James W. Wadsworth, Jr.
In 1926, he was appointed to the Central New York State Parks Commission. In 1928, he was Chairman of the Taconic State Park Commission.
From August 16, 1932, until his death, he was Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of the Knights Templar of the United States of America.
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Hazel R. O'Leary
Hazel Reid O'Leary (born May 17, 1937) was the seventh United States Secretary of Energy, from 1993 to 1997, appointed by President Bill Clinton. As of 2009, she is the first and only woman and first and only African American to hold the position. Since 2004 she has served as president of Fisk University, an historically black college (HBCU).
Born Hazel Reid in Newport News, Virginia, to Dr. Russell E. and Dr. Hazel Palleman Reid. She has a sister Edna Reid. Her parents divorced and each remarried. She and Edna have half-siblings Marina, Louis and William Morse. After earning a bachelor's degree at Fisk University in Nashville, O'Leary earned her Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Rutgers School of Law.
Reid married Carl G. Rollins, Jr., with whom she had a son, also named Carl. They later divorced.
She remarried to John F. O'Leary, the former Deputy Secretary of Energy, on April 24, 1980. He died in 1987.
O'Leary worked as a prosecutor in New Jersey and was later a partner in the consulting/accounting firm of Coopers & Lybrand. During the Carter Administration, O'Leary was appointed assistant administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, general counsel of the Community Services Administration, and administrator of the Economic Regulatory Administration at the newly created Department of Energy.
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Henry Jarvis Raymond
Henry Jarvis Raymond (January 24, 1820 – June 18, 1869) was an American journalist and politician and founder of The New York Times.
He was born on January 24, 1820, on the family farm near Lima, New York, a son and the eldest child of Lavinia Brockway, the daughter of Clark Brockway and Sally Wade and Jarvis Raymond, the son of Jonathan P. Raymond and Hannah Jarvis.
He was an 8th generation direct lineal descendant of Captain Richard Raymond, (1602–1692), and his wife, Judith. There is no evidence to suggest that he was born in Essex, England, although Samuel Raymond's family history makes that claim, and he arrived in Salem, Massachusetts about 1629/30, possibly with a contingent led by the Rev. Francis Higginson. The first actual date given for Richard is on August 6, 1629, when he is on the list of the 30 founding members of the First Church (Congregational) of Salem. He was about 27 years old. He was made a Freeman of Salem in 1634 and was later a founder of Norwalk, Connecticut, and an "honored forefather of Saybrook".
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Henry R. Selden
Henry Rogers Selden (October 14, 1805 Lyme, New London County, Connecticut – September 18, 1885) was an American lawyer and politician. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1857 to 1858. He defended Susan B. Anthony in her 1873 trial for unlawfully voting as a woman.
He was the son of Calvin Selden and Phebe (Ely) Selden. He moved to Rochester, New York, in 1825 to study law in the firm of Addison Gardiner and Selden’s brother Samuel L. Selden. He was admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Clarkson, New York.
On September 25, 1834, Selden married Laura Anne Baldwin at Clarkson, and they had three sons and two daughters, among them George Baldwin Selden, who became the first person to be granted a patent for the automobile.
Selden became the case reporter for the New York State Court of Appeals in 1851. Originally a Democrat, he became an abolitionist and founding member of the New York Republican Party in 1856, and was elected Lieutenant Governor that November. In 1858, Yale College conferred the degree of LL.D. on him. He returned to Rochester in 1859. He was a Delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention.
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Herbert Pell
Herbert Claiborne Pell, Jr. (February 16, 1884 – July 17, 1961) was a United States Representative from New York, U.S. Minister to Portugal, U.S. Minister to Hungary, and an instigator and member of the United Nations War Crimes Commission.
Mr. Pell was an internationalist and progressive among a class of economic conservatives and geopolitical isolationists. He was the leading American seeking to build awareness of and prevent the Holocaust—and prosecute those responsible—as the principal U.S. sponsor and member of the United Nations War Crimes Commission. Mr. Pell had extensive first-hand experience in international affairs, having lived many years in Europe. He also served on the advisory committee of Yenching University, later merged with Peking University.
Born in New York City, he was a great-grandson of John Francis Hamtramck Claiborne, great-great-grandnephew of William Charles Cole Claiborne and Nathaniel Herbert Claiborne. Through his mother, Katherine Lorillard Kernochan, he inherited a share of the Lorillard fortune. His descendants include U.S. Senator Claiborne de Borda Pell and Herbert Claiborne Pell IV. He was educated at Pomfret School (Connecticut), Harvard University, and Columbia University, New York City. He married He married Matilda, daughter of Nelson Pendleton Bigelow. He later married the portraitistOlive Bigelow Pell.
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Hershel W. Gober
Hershel Wayne Gober (born December 21, 1936) is a former government official and Vietnam War veteran. He served as acting United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (VA) on two occasions during the administration of Bill Clinton. The first occasion to serve as Acting Secretary was from July 1, 1997 until January 2, 1998 between the resignation of Secretary Jesse Brown and the appointment of Togo D. West, Jr. as Acting Secretary. The second time to serve as Acting Secretary came on July 25, 2000 and lasted until January 20, 2001 after the resignation of Secretary West; this time Gober served in the post until the end of the Clinton presidency.
He started out in the VA as Deputy Secretary, serving from February 4, 1993 until August 10, 2000. Gober was also briefly Secretary-designate, when Clinton named him on July 31, 1997 to replace Jesse Brown. However, the nomination was withdrawn before Senate action on October 27 the same year. This happened because of fears nomination hearings for Gober would become heated due to questions about a 1993 claim of sexual misconduct made against him; he also wished to stay as Deputy Secretary.
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Horace White
Horace White (October 7, 1865 – November 27, 1943) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was the 37th Governor of New York in 1910.
He attended Syracuse High School, Cornell University (graduated 1887), and Columbia Law School (graduated 1889), and opened the firm of White, Cheney, Shinaman, and O'Neill in Syracuse, New York in the late 1880s or early 1890s. While at Cornell he was a member of The Kappa Alpha Society.
He served six terms as a member of the New York State Senate from 1896 to 1908 and participated in the drawing of the first charter for the City of New York. He served as Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1909 to 1910, elected in 1908 on the Republican ticket with Governor Charles Evans Hughes. Hughes resigned in October 1910 when he was appointed to the United States Supreme Court, and White succeeded to the governorship, remaining in office until the end of the year.
White served as a trustee of Cornell University from 1916 to 1943. White, who was the nephew of Cornell's first President, Andrew Dickson White, left three-quarters of his estate to the University, and that fund had grown to $1.5 million by 1973. In White's honor, in 1973, Cornell named two professorships after him: the first two Cornell faculty to become Horace White Professors were Michael Fisher and Jack Kiefer. He was also active in Syracuse, serving as president of the Post-Standard Company and participating in numerous other civil, social, and business organizations.
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Horatio Seymour
Horatio Seymour (May 31, 1810 – February 12, 1886) was an American politician. He was the 18th Governor of New York from 1853 to 1854 and from 1863 to 1864. He was the Democratic Party nominee for president of the United States in the presidential election of 1868, but lost the election to Republican and former Union General of the Army Ulysses S. Grant.
Horatio Seymour was born in Pompey Hill, Onondaga County, New York. His father was Henry Seymour, a merchant and politician; his mother, Mary Ledyard Forman (1785–1859), of Matawan, New Jersey, was the daughter of General Johnathan Forman and Mary Ledyard. At the age of 10 he moved with the rest of his family to Utica, where he attended a number of local schools, including Geneva College (later Hobart College). In the autumn of 1824 he was sent to the American Literary, Scientific & Military Academy. Upon his return to Utica in 1827, Seymour read for the law in the offices of Greene Bronson and Samuel Beardsley. Though admitted to the bar in 1832, he did not enjoy work as an attorney and was primarily preoccupied with politics and managing his family's business interests. He married Mary Bleecker in 1835.
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Howard J. Samuels
Howard Joseph Samuels (December 3, 1919 – October 26, 1984) was an American statesman, industrialist, civil rights activist and philanthropist who served as U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce, Director of the Small Business Administration, Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, and special advisor to the administrations of Johnson, Ford and Carter.
A graduate of the MIT Sloan School of Management, Samuels served as a colonel in the Third Army under General George Patton. Upon conclusion of service, Samuels co-founded the Kordite Corporation. Following the principles he set on his senior thesis, Kordite was the first to produce synthetic products for household consumerism and introduced a number of mainstays including the baggie, wax paper, plastic wrap, disposable kitchenware, and a sturdy trash bag that became the Hefty brand. The success of the company made Samuels one of the wealthiest New Yorkers, and financial able to enter politics.
The Democratic nominee for the Lt. Governor in 1966 on a ticket headed by Frank O'Connor, Samuels also contended unsuccessfully for the nomination for Governor four times from 1962 to 1974. He lost the 1970 primary to Arthur Goldberg and the 1974 primary to Hugh Carey. He also served as special aide to New York City Mayor John Lindsay prior to his appointment as the first Chairman of New York City’s Off-Track Betting operations. Samuels is credited with alerting voters to the need for a Constitutional Convention, forming the non-partisan group Citizens Committee for Constitutional Convention. Members included Secretaries of the Health, Education & Welfare and Commerce departments in the Eisenhower administration, numerous Commissioners and administrators to New York State and City agencies, and Senators' Robert Kennedy and Christopher Dodd. Governor Nelson Rockefeller would later sign the bill.
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Italian-American
An Italian American (Italian: Italoamericano singular, Italian: Italoamericani plural), is an American of Italian ancestry. The designation may also refer to someone possessing Italian and American dual citizenship. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German, Irish, African American, English, American and Mexican).
About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the U.S. from 1820 to 2004. The greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1920, alone brought more than 4 million Italians to America. About 80% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy, especially from Sicily, Campania, Abruzzo and Calabria. This was a largely agricultural and overpopulated region, where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule, and the economic measures imposed on the South after Italian unification in 1861 . After unification the Italian government initially encouraged emigration of landless peasants to relieve economic pressures in the South. In the U.S., most Italians began their new lives as unskilled, manual workers in Eastern cities, mining camps and in agriculture. Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in 1890-1910 to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, or white-collar workers. The Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17.8 million Americans claim Italian ancestry.
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Jack Dalrymple
John "Jack" Dalrymple (born October 16, 1948) is a North Dakota politician and businessman who is the 32nd and current Governor of North Dakota. He was previously the 36th Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota from 2000 until 2010 when Governor John Hoeven resigned, making Dalrymple Governor. He has also served as a state representative, and ran for the U.S. Senate twice.
Dalrymple was born on October 16, 1948 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and graduated from The Blake School, a prestigious prep school in 1966. He grew up in Casselton, North Dakota on his family's farm, which was established in 1875 as the state's first large-scale wheat farm. He graduated with honors from Yale University, with a B.S. in American Studies. He then returned to North Dakota to manage the farming operations.[not in citation given]
He served on the Casselton Jobs Development Commission, and helped to found Share House, Inc., a Fargo residential treatment program for those recovering from alcohol or drug dependencies. He is a former chairman of the Board for Prairie Public Television, and he was named the Outstanding Young Farmer of the United States of America in 1983.
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Jack Kemp
Jack French Kemp (July 13, 1935 – May 2, 2009) was an American politician and a collegiate and professional football player. A Republican, he served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993, having previously served nine terms as a congressman for Western New York's 31st congressional district from 1971 to 1989. He was the Republican Party's nominee for Vice President in the 1996 election, where he was the running mate of presidential nominee Bob Dole. Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries.
Before entering politics, Kemp was a professional quarterback for 13 years. He played briefly in the National Football League (NFL) and the Canadian Football League (CFL), but became a star in the American Football League (AFL). He served as captain of both the San Diego Chargers and Buffalo Bills and earned the AFL Most Valuable Player award in 1965 after leading the Bills to a second consecutive championship. He played in the AFL for all 10 years of its existence, appeared in its All-Star game seven times, played in its championship game five times, and set many of the league's career passing records. Kemp also co-founded the AFL Players Association, for which he served five terms as president. During the early part of his football career, he served in the United States Army Reserve.
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Jack Markell
Jack A. Markell (born November 26, 1960) is an American businessman and politician who has been Governor of Delaware since 2009. Markell, a member of the Democratic Party from Centreville, in New Castle County, Delaware, served as State Treasurer of Delaware from 1999 to 2009 and was elected as the 73rd Governor of Delaware in November 2008. Now in his first term, he is the state's first Jewish governor. On December 2, 2009, it was announced that Markell would follow Montana Gov. Brian Schweitzer as Chair of the Democratic Governors Association for the 2009–2010 term.
Markell grew up in Newark, Delaware, and graduated from Newark High School and Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, earning degrees in economics and development studies and receiving an MBA degree from the University of Chicago. As a child, he attended Camp Galil, a summer camp in the Labor Zionist youth movement, Habonim Dror. He is married to Carla Markell, and has two children, Molly and Michael.
Markell served as Vice President for Corporate Development at Nextel, and helped to lead the movement to wireless technology. His other work experience included a senior management position at Comcast Corporation as well as posts as a consultant at McKinsey and Company, Inc. and as a banker at First Chicago Corporation.
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Jacob K. Javits
Jacob Koppel "Jack" Javits (May 18, 1904 – March 7, 1986) was a politician who served as United States Senator from New York from 1957 to 1981. A liberal Republican, he was originally allied with Governor Nelson Rockefeller, fellow U.S. Senators Irving Ives and Kenneth Keating, and New York City Mayor John Lindsay.
The son of Morris Javits, a janitor, and Ida Littman, Javits grew up in a teeming Lower East Side tenement, and when not in school he helped his mother hawk dry goods from a pushcart in the street. Javits graduated in 1920 from George Washington High School, where he was president of his class. He worked part-time at various jobs while attending night school at Columbia University, then in 1923 he enrolled in the New York University Law School, from which he earned his J.D. in 1926. He was admitted to the bar in June 1927 and joined his brother Benjamin Javits, who was nearly ten years older, as partner to form the Javits and Javits law firm. The Javits brothers specialized in bankruptcy and minority stockholder suits and became quite successful. In 1933 Javits married Marjorie Joan Ringling; they had no children and divorced in 1936. In 1947 he married Marian Ann Boris, with whom he had three children. Deemed too old for regular military service when World War II began, Javits was commissioned in early 1942 as an officer in the army's Chemical Warfare Department, where he served throughout the war, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel.
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Jacob Lew
Jacob Joseph "Jack" Lew (born August 29, 1955) is the 25th and current White House Chief of Staff. Previously, he was the Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1998 to 2001 and from 2010 to 2012.
Lew was born in New York City. He attended New York City public schools, graduating from Forest Hills High School. His father was a lawyer and rare-book dealer who came to the United States from Poland as a child. Lew attended Carleton College in Minnesota where his faculty adviser was Paul Wellstone, who eventually represented Minnesota in the U.S. Senate. He graduated from Harvard College in 1978 and the Georgetown University Law Center in 1983.
He worked as an aide to Rep. Joe Moakley (D-Mass.) from 1974 to 1975. He then was a senior policy adviser to House Speaker Tip O'Neill. Under O'Neill he served at the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee as Assistant Director and then Executive Director, and was responsible for work on domestic and economic issues including Social Security, Medicare, budget, tax, trade, appropriations, and energy issues.
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James A. Parsons
James A. Parsons (b. ca. 1868 Steuben County, New York - March 4, 1945 Albany, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was admitted to the bar of Nebraska in 1890, and moved back to New York in 1893. He then lived in Hornell, New York where he was at times City Attorney and City Recorder.
In 1911, he was appointed Fourth Deputy Attorney General by Thomas Carmody, and his first task was to resume the Queens graft prosecutions, relieving Arthur Train who had been the Special Deputy Attorney General in charge of the case, appointed by Carmody's predecessor Edward R. O'Malley. Upon Carmody's resignation on September 2, 1914, Parsons was appointed New York State Attorney General by Governor Martin H. Glynn for the remaining four months of Carmody's term. He ran for re-election in November 1914, but was defeated by Republican Egburt E. Woodbury.
He was an alternate delegate to the 1912 Democratic National Convention, and a delegate to the 1920 Democratic National Convention.
He was counsel to Governor Al Smith who appointed him in 1923 New York State Public Service Commissioner, and in 1924 a judge of the New York Court of Claims a post he held until 1936 when he resigned.
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James Bovard
James Bovard (born 1956) is a libertarian author and lecturer whose political commentary targets examples of waste, failures, corruption, cronyism and abuses of power in government. He is the author of Attention Deficit Democracy, and eight other books. He has written for the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, New Republic, Reader's Digest, The American Conservative, and many other publications. His books have been translated into Spanish, Arabic, Japanese, and Korean.
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James Farley
James Aloysius Farley (May 30, 1888 – June 9, 1976) was one of the first Irish Catholic politicians in American history to achieve success on a national level, serving as Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee, Chairman of the Democratic National Committee and as Postmaster General simultaneously under the first two administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A business executive and dignitary, and a Knight of Malta, Farley was commonly referred to as a political kingmaker, and was responsible for Franklin D. Roosevelt's rise to the presidency. Farley was the campaign manager for New York State politician Alfred E. Smith's 1922 gubernatorial campaign and Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1928 and 1930 gubernatorial campaigns, as well as FDR's Presidential campaigns of 1932 and 1936. Farley predicted large landslides in both, and revolutionized the use of polling, and polling data. He was responsible for pulling together the New Deal Coalition of Catholics, labor unions, blacks, and farmers for FDR. Farley, and the administration's patronage machine he presided over, helped to fuel the social and infrastructure programs of the New Deal. Farley opposed Franklin Roosevelt breaking the two term tradition of the Presidency, and broke with Roosevelt on that issue in 1940.
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James Lee Witt
James Lee Witt (born January 6, 1944) was Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) during the administration of President Bill Clinton.
Witt was born in Paris, Arkansas, and was raised in Dardanelle, in Yell County, Arkansas. He founded a construction business in 1968. At 34, he was elected County Judge of Yell County. Witt was re-elected to the post six times and was recognized by the National Association of Counties for his work. Witt was a charter Board Chairman of Child Development Inc., which works to advance Head Start programs.
In 1988, Witt was appointed by then-Governor Bill Clinton to be the head of the Arkansas Office of Emergency Services where he reorganized the state's emergency management process.
When Clinton was elected President, he appointed Witt to head FEMA, for which Witt was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 1993. In 1996, he was given cabinet rank.
During his tenure Witt was able to overcome FEMA's previously poor reputation. A 1992 interim report by the Congress (prior to Hurricane Andrew, which led to further criticism of FEMA) had said, "FEMA is widely viewed as a political dumping ground, a turkey farm, if you will, where large numbers of positions exist that can be conveniently and quietly filled by political appointment ..."
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James Tallmadge, Jr.
James Tallmadge, Jr. (January 28, 1778 Stanfordville, Dutchess County, New York - September 29, 1853 New York City) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives.
His father, Colonel James Tallmadge (1744 to 1821), led a company of volunteers at the capture of General John Burgoyne.
He graduated from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island in 1798, and was secretary to Governor George Clinton from 1798 to 1800. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1802, after which he practiced in Poughkeepsie and in New York City. He was Surrogate of Dutchess County from 1804 to 1810.
He served in the War of 1812 and commanded a company of home guards in defense of New York.
He was elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of representative-elect Henry B. Lee on February 18, 1817, and served from June 6, 1817, to March 3, 1819. In the House he defended General Andrew Jackson's course in the Seminole War, and introduced an amendment to the bill authorizing the people of Missouri to draft a constitution and form a state government:
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James Thomas Lynn
James Thomas Lynn (February 27, 1927 – December 6, 2010) was a U.S. cabinet officer and government official.
Lynn was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Frederick Robert Lynn and Dorthea Estelle Lynn (née Petersen). In 1948, he graduated summa cum laude from Western Reserve University (now known as Case Western Reserve University), and in 1951 graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School. At Harvard Law School Lynn was the Case Editor of the Harvard Law Review. Working for Jones, Day, Cockley and Reavis, Cleveland's biggest law firm, became a partner in 1960 and was there until 1969, the year he was named the general counsel for the Department of Commerce. In 1971, he became undersecretary for the department.
On February 2, 1973, Lynn was sworn in as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and served until 1975. Under Gerald Ford, Lynn became the director of the Office of Management and Budget, serving from 1975 to 1977. Lynn joined the Board of Aetna in the 1970s, and served as its President and Chairman in the 1980s.
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Janet Reno
Janet Wood Reno (born July 21, 1938) is a former Attorney General of the United States (1993–2001). She was nominated by President Bill Clinton on February 11, 1993, and confirmed on March 11. She was the first female Attorney General and the second longest serving Attorney General after William Wirt.
Reno was born in Miami, Florida. Reno's father, Henry Olaf Reno (original surname Rasmussen), emigrated to the United States from Denmark and for forty-three years was a police reporter for the Miami Herald. Jane Wallace (née Wood), Reno's mother, raised her children and then became an investigative reporter for the Miami News. Janet Reno has three younger siblings.
Reno attended public school in Miami-Dade County, Florida, where she was a debating champion and was valedictorian at Coral Gables High School. In 1956, Reno enrolled at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where she majored in chemistry, lived in Balch Hall, became president of the Women's Self-Government Association, and earned her room and board.
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Jay Nixon
Jeremiah Wilson "Jay" Nixon (born February 13, 1956) is the 55th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Missouri. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as Missouri's Attorney General before his election in 2008.
Nixon is a lifelong resident of De Soto, a suburb of St. Louis, where he was born. His mother, Betty Lea (née Willson), was a teacher and president of the local school board, and his father, Jeremiah "Jerry" Nixon, served as the city's mayor. One of his paternal great-great-grandfathers was the brother of Democratic U.S. Senator Benjamin F. Jonas, of Louisiana. He graduated from the University of Missouri in 1978, later earning a law degree from the same institution.
After a period of private practice in his hometown, he was elected to the Missouri Senate from a district in Jefferson County, serving for three terms.
He made his first bid for statewide office in 1988, an unsuccessful effort to oust incumbent U.S. Senator John Danforth. Nixon only won 32% of the vote compared to Danforth's 68%--at the time, the most lopsided defeat a Democrat had suffered in a statewide race in Missouri history.
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Jean Kennedy Smith
Jean Ann Kennedy Smith (born February 20, 1928) is an American diplomat and a former United States Ambassador to Ireland. She is the eighth of nine children born to Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr., and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald and is their last surviving child. She is the sister of the 35th U.S. President, John F. Kennedy, Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Edward M. Kennedy and Special Olympics founder Eunice Kennedy Shriver.
Smith is the founder of Very Special Arts (VSA), an internationally recognized non-profit dedicated to creating a society where those with disabilities can engage with the arts. In 2011, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor, by President Barack Obama for her work with VSA and the disabled.
Born Jean Ann Kennedy in Boston, Massachusetts, on her elder sister Kathleen's eighth birthday, she has been described as the shyest and most guarded of the Kennedy children. Her mother said of her youngest daughter, "She was born so late, that she only was able to enjoy the tragedies, and not the triumphs." She attended Manhattanville College (at the time a Sacred Heart school, and still located in Manhattanville), where she met and befriended her two future sisters-in-law: Ethel Skakel (who married Robert F. Kennedy in 1950) and Joan Bennett (who married Edward M. Kennedy in 1958).
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Jeanine Pirro
Jeanine Ferris Pirro (born June 2, 1951) is a former prosecutor, judge, and elected official from the state of New York, who is currently a legal analyst and television personality. A Republican from Westchester County, Pirro served as a county court judge before serving as the elected District Attorney of Westchester County for 12 years. As a district attorney she gained considerable visibility, especially in cases regarding domestic abuse and crimes against the elderly. She was the first female judge on the Westchester County Court bench.
Pirro was the Republican nominee for New York State Attorney General in 2006, losing to Democrat Andrew Cuomo (a fellow Albany Law alumnus). She also held the nominations of the New York Conservative and Independence Parties. She previously sought the nominations of her party for the offices of New York State Lieutenant Governor and United States Senator and withdrew her name in each case. She was a regular contributor to The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet. She is currently contributing to Today, Fox NY Good Day New York, is a Fox News legal analyst appearing on various shows, and has guest hosted shows such as Larry King Live, The Joy Behar Show and Geraldo at Large. She is a frequent guest on Fox's late-night satire show Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld, and also currently hosts a television program entitled Judge Jeanine Pirro. In May 2010, the show received its first Emmy nomination. Pirro is also the host of Fox News Channel's Justice with Judge Jeanine which premiered in January 2011. In 2011, Judge Pirro received the daytime Emmy Award for her TV court show "Judge Pirro."
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Jeremiah Wood
Jeremiah Wood (September 27, 1876 – January 16, 1962) was an American lawyer and politician. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1921 to 1922.
He was admitted to the bar in 1900, and practiced in New York City.
He was a member from Nassau County of the New York State Assembly in 1912. He was an alternate delegate to the 1916 Republican National Convention.
He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1921 to 1922, elected on the Republican ticket with Governor Nathan L. Miller in 1920. On September 26, 1922, Wood resigned and was appointed a judge of the New York Court of Claims to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William D. Cunningham.
In 1925, he ran for the New York Supreme Court but was defeated.
He was Chairman of the Nassau County Republican Committee from 1927 to 1929.
He resided in North Lynbrook, New York, a community he created when the Village of Malverne became an incorporated village in 1921. Wood did not want to live in a village for fear of higher taxes. To avoid this, he changed the borders of the new village so that his home would not be included. He died in 1962 in Hempstead, Nassau County, New York.
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Jesse Brown
Jesse Brown (March 27, 1944 – August 15, 2002,) was the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.
Jesse Brown was born on March 27, 1944, in Detroit, Michigan, to Lucille Marsh Brown and David Brown but grew up in Chicago. He attended The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. and Roosevelt University in Chicago, and graduated from the City Colleges of Chicago.
He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1963, and served as a Marine in the Vietnam War, reaching the rank of Corporal. He was seriously injured in 1965 near Da Nang — his right arm shattered and partially paralyzed.
In 1967, Brown joined the staff of Disabled American Veterans (DAV), a service and advocacy organization. He served in various supervisory roles with the DAV in the 1970s and 1980s:
In 1989, Brown became the DAV's first African-American director, serving until 1993.
In January 1993, Brown was selected by President Bill Clinton to the post of Secretary of Veterans Affairs, serving until 1997. He was the first African American to hold that post. During his tenure, Brown expanded the services offered to female veterans, homeless veterans and veterans who were ill due to chemical exposures in Vietnam or the Gulf War. After he resigned as Secretary, Brown founded a consulting firm, Brown and Associates.
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Joan Bennett Kennedy
Joan Bennett Kennedy (born September 9, 1936) is an American is the former wife of U.S. Senator from Massachusetts Edward "Ted" Moore Kennedy.
She was born Virginia Joan Bennett in Riverdale, a neighborhood of The Bronx borough of New York City, New York, to Henry Wiggin Bennett, Jr., an advertising executive and Virginia Joan (née Stead) Bennett. Both of her parents were alcoholics. She attended Manhattanville College (then a Sacred Heart college), in Purchase, New York; Manhattanville is also the alma mater of Jean Kennedy Smith and Ethel Skakel Kennedy, her future sisters-in-law.
As a teenager, she worked as a model in television advertising.
In October 1957, at the dedication of a gymnasium at Manhattanville College in memory of another Kennedy sister, Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington — who had died in a plane crash in 1948 — Jean Kennedy introduced Joan to her brother Ted, then a student at the University of Virginia School of Law in Charlottesville.
They were married on November 29, 1958, in Bronxville, New York. They had three children: Kara Anne Kennedy Allen (born February 27, 1960, in Bronxville, died September 16, 2011 in Washington, DC), Edward Moore Kennedy, Jr. (born September 26, 1961), and Patrick Joseph Kennedy II (born July 14, 1967).
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Joe Biden
Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden, Jr. (pronunciation: /ˈdʒoʊsɨf rɒbɨˈnɛt ˈbaɪdən/; born November 20, 1942) is the 47th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President Barack Obama. A Democrat, he was a United States Senator from Delaware from January 3, 1973 until his resignation on January 15, 2009, following his election to the Vice Presidency.
Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania and lived there for ten years before moving to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969, and was elected to a county council in 1970. Biden was first elected to the Senate in 1972 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history. He was re-elected to the Senate six times, was the fourth most senior senator at the time of his resignation, and is the 15th-longest serving Senator in history. Biden was a long-time member and former chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. His strong advocacy helped bring about U.S. military assistance and intervention during the Bosnian War. He opposed the Gulf War in 1991. He voted in favor of the Iraq War Resolution in 2002, but later proposed resolutions to alter U.S. strategy there. He has also served as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, dealing with issues related to drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties, and led creation of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and Violence Against Women Act. He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious U.S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.
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Joe R. Hanley
Joseph Rhodes Hanley (May 30, 1876, Davenport, Iowa – September 4, 1961) was an American lawyer and Republican politician who served as Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1943 to 1950.
He served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War. In 1941 and 1942, he was Commander-in-Chief of the United Spanish War Veterans.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly from Wyoming County, New York from 1927 to 1931, and a member of the New York State Senate from the 44th District from 1932 to 1943. After the death of Perley A. Pitcher, he was elected Majority Leader of the New York State Senate on February 27, 1939. When Charles Poletti succeeded to the governor's office upon the resignation of Herbert H. Lehman in December 1942, Hanley became Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York for four weeks.
When Thomas W. Wallace died in office on July 17, 1943, he became again Acting Lieutenant Governor. In November 1943, he defeated Democrat William N. Haskell in a special election for Lieutenant Governor and, re-elected in 1946, continued in office until the end of 1950. He was a delegate to the 1944 and 1948 Republican National Conventions.
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John Adams Dix
John Adams Dix (July 24, 1798 – April 21, 1879) was an American politician from New York. He served as Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Senator, and the 24th Governor of New York. He was also a Union major general during the Civil War.
Dix was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire. He joined the Artillery as a military cadet at the age of 14. He served in the United States Army until 1828, and attained the rank of captain.
In 1826, Dix married Catherine Morgan, the adopted daughter of Congressman John J. Morgan, who gave Dix a job overseeing his upstate New York land holdings in Cooperstown. Dix and his wife moved to Cooperstown in 1828, and he practiced law in addition to overseeing the land holdings. In 1830, he was appointed by Governor Enos T. Throop as Adjutant General of the New York State Militia, and moved to Albany, New York. He was Secretary of State of New York from 1833 to 1839, and a member of the New York State Assembly (Albany Co.) in 1842.
Dix was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Silas Wright, Jr., and held office from 1845 to 1849. In November 1848, he was the Barnburner/Free-Soil candidate for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Whig Hamilton Fish. In February 1849, he ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate as the Barnburner's candidate, but the Whig majority of the State Legislature elected William H. Seward.
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John Alden Dix
John Alden Dix (December 25, 1860 – April 9, 1928) was the 38th Governor of New York from January 1911 to December 1912.
Born in Glens Falls, Warren County, New York, Dix attended Cornell University, but never graduated. He was an initiated member of the Beta Charge of the Theta Delta Chi fraternity. His uncle was Civil War General and Governor of New York John Adams Dix.
In 1908, he ran for Lieutenant Governor of New York on the Democratic ticket with Lewis S. Chanler, but was defeated. Two years later he ran for Governor of New York on the Democratic ticket and was elected.
He died in New York City and was interred at Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York.
Dix was to set sail as a passenger aboard the RMS Titanic on April 20, 1912 upon its arrival in New York for its return voyage to Europe. The trip never took place due to the Titanic sinking on her maiden voyage.
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John Boehner
John Andrew Boehner ( /ˈbeɪnər/ BAY-nər; born November 17, 1949) is the 61st and current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party, he is the U.S. Representative from Ohio's 8th congressional district, serving since 1991. The district includes several rural and suburban areas near Cincinnati and Dayton, and a small portion of Dayton itself.
Boehner previously served as the House Minority Leader from 2007 until 2011, and House Majority Leader from 2006 until 2007. As Speaker of the House, Boehner is second in line to the presidency of the United States following the Vice President in accordance with the Presidential Succession Act.
Boehner was born in Reading, Ohio, the son of Mary Anne (née Hall) and Earl Henry Boehner, the second of twelve children. His father was of German descent and his mother had German and Irish ancestry. He grew up in modest circumstances, having shared one bathroom with his eleven siblings in a two-bedroom house in Cincinnati. His parents slept on a pull-out couch. He started working at his family's bar at age 8, a business founded by their grandfather Andy Boehner in 1938. He has lived in Southwest Ohio his entire life. All but two of his siblings still live within a few miles of each other; two are unemployed and most of the others have blue-collar jobs.
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John Cunneen
John Cunneen (May 18, 1848 near Ennis, County Clare, Ireland - February 21, 1907 Buffalo, Erie County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He came to the United States when 14 years old to live with relatives at Albion, NY. He graduated from Albion Academy in 1870, and began the study of law at the office of John H. White at Albion. He was admitted to the bar in 1874, and commenced practice in Albion. He was a member of the Board of Education of the Village of Albion, and for seven years was Clerk to the Board of Supervisors of Orleans County. On January 26, 1876, he married Elizabeth A. Bass.
In 1890, he removed to Buffalo and formed a partnership with William F. Sheehan and Charles F. Tabor in the firm of Sheehan, Tabor, Cunneen & Coatsworth. In 1894, he became the senior member of Cunneen & Coatsworth. He was a delegate to the 1892 Democratic National Convention. In 1902, he was elected New York State Attorney General on the Democratic and Prohibition tickets. He ran for re-election in 1904 but was defeated.
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John de Jongh
John Percy de Jongh, Jr. (born November 13, 1957) is the current Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Governor John P. de Jongh, Jr. was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a child he attended Sts. Peter and Paul School on St. Thomas. After his parents' divorce, he lived with his mother in Detroit, Michigan while his mother did social work for the Detroit Public Schools. During the summer, de Jongh would return to St. Thomas to assist in his father's law firm. He earned an economics degree from Antioch College in Ohio.
De Jongh is a product of Catholic schooling, attending such institutions both on the island and in the United States. During college, he was able to study abroad, and completed an urban study in Yugoslavia and The Netherlands. After graduating from college, de Jongh returned to his ancestral Virgin Islands. He worked for several years as a member of the Economic Development Council, during which he helped receive funding for the preservation of historic Virgin Island buildings, before taking a job with Chase Manhattan. de Jongh first worked as an executive in the company's San Juan, Puerto Rico office before once again returning to the Virgin Islands after earning the position of Consumer Manager of Operations in both the U.S. and British Virgin Islands. Under his leadership, Chase placed more emphasis on personal over corporate banking in the Caribbean and increased home mortgage lending.
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John F. Fitzgerald
John Francis "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald (February 11, 1863 – October 2, 1950) was an American politician and the maternal grandfather of three prominent United States politicians—President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (his namesake) and Senators Robert Francis Kennedy and Edward Moore Kennedy.
Fitzgerald was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Irish immigrants, Thomas Fitzgerald of County Limerick and Rosanna Cox of County Cavan. He was the fourth of twelve children; of his siblings, both sisters died in infancy, as did his eldest brother. Joseph, the ninth brother, had severe brain damage from malaria and barely functioned. Only three survived in good health and after John's mother died when he was sixteen, his father wished for him to become a doctor to help prevent future tragedies of the sort that had marred the Fitzgerald family.
Accordingly, after being educated at Boston Latin School and Boston College, he enrolled at Harvard Medical School for one year, but withdrew following the death of his father in 1885. Fitzgerald later became a clerk at the Customs House in Boston and was active in the local Democratic Party.
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John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy
pronunciation (help·info) (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
After military service as commander of the Motor Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World War II in the South Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated then Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. He was the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43, the second-youngest President (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president. Kennedy is the only Catholic president, and is the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement, and early stages of the Vietnam War.
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John H. Martindale
John Henry Martindale (March 20, 1815 – December 13, 1881) was an American lawyer, Union Army general, and politician.
Martindale was born in Sandy Hill, Washington County, New York, the son of Congressman Henry C. Martindale and Minerva Hitchcock Martindale. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1831, and graduated in 1835. He was appointed a brevet second lieutenant, but resigned from the Army the next year and began to study law. He was admitted to the bar in 1838, and commenced practice in Batavia, New York. In 1840, he married Emeline M. Holden. He was District Attorney of Genesee County from 1842 to 1846, and from 1848 to 1851. Then he removed to Rochester, New York.
In August 1861, Martindale was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers in the Union Army, and participated in all the battles of the Peninsula Campaign in V Corps. After the retreat from Malvern Hill, he was brevetted a major general of volunteers, and appointed Military Governor of Washington, D.C., a post he held from November 1862 to May 1864. Afterward he returned to field service, fighting with the XVIII Corps in the Bermuda Hundred Campaign, the Battle of Cold Harbor and the Siege of Petersburg, commanding the corps briefly in mid-July 1864. In September 1864 he resigned his commission because of bad health.
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John Hickenlooper
John Wright Hickenlooper (born February 7, 1952) is an American politician and current Governor of Colorado. A Democrat, he was previously the Mayor of Denver, Colorado from 2003 to 2011.
Hickenlooper was born in Narberth, Pennsylvania, just outside of Philadelphia, part of the suburban Main Line. Hickenlooper was raised by his mother after his father died young. He is a graduate of Wesleyan University where he received a B.A. in English in 1974 and a master’s degree in geology in 1980.
Before becoming mayor in July 2003 he was a geologist turned entrepreneur. He is often considered a prominent figure in the LoDo urban renewal period during the early 1990s. Hickenlooper owned several restaurants in LoDo in the late 1980s, before the area's renewal. He was one of the founders of the original Wynkoop Brewing Company brewpub; these and others companies contributed to the redevelopment of the area following the arrival of major league baseball in the neighborhood. The area had been known to be dangerous; Hickenlooper is quoted as saying, "I must've had rocks in my head." The rent for Wynkoop's real estate was $1 per square foot per year.
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John J. Bennett, Jr.
John James Bennett (March 2, 1894 Brooklyn, Kings County, New York - October 4, 1967, Brooklyn, Kings County, New York) was an American Lawyer and politician.
Bennett was educated in Brooklyn's public and parochial schools, enlisted in the U.S. Army and served in France during World War I as a member of the 77th Infantry Division's 308th Infantry Regiment. He also served as state commander of the American Legion.
In 1923 Bennett received a law degree from Brooklyn Law School and became an attorney in Brooklyn, also working as a professor at his alma mater.
He was New York State Attorney General from 1931 to 1942, elected in 1930, 1932, 1934, 1936 and 1938. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1938. He was a delegate to the 1940 Democratic National Convention. In 1942, he was the Democratic candidate for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Republican Thomas E. Dewey.
During World War II Bennett served in Europe with Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF).
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John Kitzhaber
John Albert Kitzhaber (born March 5, 1947) is the 37th and current Governor of Oregon. He served as the 35th Governor of Oregon from 1995 to 2003 and became the first person to be elected to the office three times when he was re-elected to a non-consecutive third term in 2010. Prior to becoming a politician in Oregon, he was a practicing physician.
First elected to the Oregon House of Representatives, Kitzhaber served in the Oregon State Senate for twelve years, eight of them as Senate President. In 1994, Kitzhaber ran for Governor, winning comfortably. He was re-elected in 1998 by a wide margin. After completing his second term, Kitzhaber returned to medicine and campaigned for better public access to health care. Kitzhaber ran for a third term in 2010, narrowly defeating the Republican nominee, former NBA player Chris Dudley.
Born on March 5, 1947 to Albert and Annabel Kitzhaber he graduated from South Eugene High School in 1965, Dartmouth College in 1969 and Oregon Health & Science University with a medical degree in 1973. Kitzhaber practiced medicine from 1973 to 1986 in Roseburg, Oregon as an emergency room physician.
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John L. Sampson
John L. Sampson (born 1965) represents District 19 in the New York State Senate, which comprises Crown Heights, East Flatbush, as well as portions of Brownsville, Canarsie and Spring Creek Towers.
On June 15, 2009, Sampson was elevated to the leadership of the Democratic Conference of the State Senate. As Conference Chairman, he is responsible for the day to day operations and the legislative agenda of the Democratic Caucus. He serves in leadership alongside former Majority Leader and Temporary Senate President Malcolm Smith.
Elected in 1996, Sampson is the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee and Deputy Majority Leader for State/Federal Relations. He is a former Ranking Minority Member of the Senate Health Committee.
Sampson has the distinction of being the first African American to serve as the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. He has also served as Chair of the Senate Ethics Committee and the Senate Administrative Regulations Review Commission. Prior to his election the New York State Senate Sampson worked with the Department of Environmental Conservation and as a Staff Attorney to the Legal Aid Society of New York.
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John Podesta
John David Podesta (born January 8, 1949) was the fourth and final White House Chief of Staff under President Bill Clinton, from 1998 until 2001. He is the former president and now Chair and Counselor of the Center for American Progress, a liberal think tank in Washington, D.C., and is also a Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center. Podesta was a co-chairman of the Obama-Biden Transition Project.
Podesta spent most of his early years in Chicago, where he was born, growing up in the neighborhood of Jefferson Park on the city's Northwest Side. His mother, Mary (née Kokoris), was Greek-American, and his father, John David Podesta, Sr., was Italian-American. He has a brother, Tony. In 1967, he graduated from Lane Technical High School in Chicago. In 1971, Podesta graduated from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois. He attended the Georgetown University Law Center and graduated in 1976. Podesta worked as a trial attorney for the Department of Justice's Honors Program in the Land and Natural Resources Division (1976–1977), and as a Special Assistant to the Director of ACTION, the Federal volunteer agency (1978–1979).
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John Raines
John Raines (May 6, 1840, Geneva, Ontario County, New York – December 16, 1909, Canandaigua, Ontario County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
He was educated at Canandaigua Academy and Albany Law School, from where he graduated in 1861. Admitted to the bar upon graduation, Raines set up a law practice in Geneva, New York.
During the American Civil War, Raines formed and served as Captain of Company G of the 85th New York Volunteer Infantry and served in both the Army of the Potomac and the Army of North Carolina.
He was a Republican member of the New York State Assembly in 1881, 1882 and 1885, and of the New York State Senate from 1886 to 1889. In addition he was President of the Board of Education for the Canandaigua school district from 1887 until his death. He was a delegate to the 1888 Republican National Convention.
He was elected to the 51st and 52nd United States Congresses, and served from March 4, 1889, to March 3, 1893. Afterwards he returned to the State Senate where he served from 1894 until his death, and was President pro tempore from 1904 on. He was an alternate delegate to the 1900 and 1904 Republican National Conventions.
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John T. Hoffman
John Thompson Hoffman (10 January 1828 – 24 March 1888) was the 23rd Governor of New York (1869–1872). He was also Recorder of New York City (1861-1865) and Mayor of New York City (1866-1868). Connections to the Tweed Ring ruined his political career, in spite of the absence of evidence to show personal involvement in corrupt activities.
He was born in Ossining in Westchester County, New York. His father, Adrian Kissam Hoffman, was a physician in Westchester County. His father's parents, Philip L. Hoffman and Helena Kissam, were "among the most valuable members of early society in New York, and the founders of many public charities and benevolent works," Harper's Weekly effused.
He attended Union College starting in 1843 in the junior class, but had to leave for a time due to ill health, eventually graduating in 1846. He then studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1849 and set up shop in Manhattan.
When he was elected mayor in 1865, reformers had high hopes for him. A front-page article in Harper's Weekly intoned:
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John Tayler
John Tayler (July 4, 1742 – March 19, 1829) was a merchant and politician. He served nine years as Lieutenant Governor of New York, four months as Acting Governor of New York, and also in both houses of the New York State Legislature.
He was a trader, farmer and shopkeeper in Albany. He married Margarita Van Valkenburgh in 1764.
Tayler was a Patriot during the Revolutionary War. He was drawn into public service for the Colonies.
He was a member from Albany County in the New York State Assembly from 1777 to 1779, in 1780-81, and from 1785 to 1787. He was appointed City Recorder (Deputy Mayor) of Albany in 1793, and First Judge of the Albany County Court in 1797. In 1798, he ran for U.S. Senator from New York, but was defeated by Federalist James Watson. He served in the New York State Senate from 1804 to 1813. On January 29, 1811, he was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and was Acting Lieutenant Governor, Lt. Gov. John Broome having died in August 1810. He served until the end of June 1811 when he was succeeded by DeWitt Clinton who had been elected Lt. Gov. in a special election under the provisions of Article XX of the New York State Constitution of 1777.
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John Van Buren
John Van Buren (February 18, 1810 Hudson, Columbia County, New York - October 13, 1866) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the second son of President Martin Van Buren and graduated from Yale College in 1828. In 1831, when his father was appointed U.S. Minister to Britain, he accompanied him as secretary of the American Legation in London. Both returned in 1832 after Congress failed to confirm the appointment.
John Van Buren then opened a law practice with James McKown in Albany. He is said to have possessed a “remarkable memory”, “his success at the bar was great, but his fame as a lawyer has been dimmed by his wit and his wonderful ability as a politician." He returned to England on his own in 1838-39 (during his father's Presidency). He had spectacular seats at Queen Victoria's coronation, also attended the Queen's prorogue to Parliament, and earned his nickname of “Prince John” after he danced with her in 1838 . Van Buren dined with the who’s who of 19th century England, Ireland and Scotland. He also met with the King of France, Louis-Philippe, the King of Belgium, Leopold I, and the King of the Netherlands, William I, (Prince William IV of Orange).
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Joseph Bruno
Joseph L. Bruno (born April 8, 1929) is an American businessman, and Republican politician. He was the Temporary President of the New York State Senate and its majority leader. Most recently he also served as Lieutenant Governor of New York (Acting).
On June 23, 2008, Bruno announced that he would not seek reelection to the State Senate in 2008. On June 24, 2008, Bruno stepped down from the positions of Senate Majority Leader and "temporary president of the senate", but remained a State Senator. On July 18, 2008, Bruno resigned from the New York State Senate. He represented the 43rd New York State Senate District, and is on record as a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).
On January 23, 2009, Bruno was indicted on eight counts of corruption, including mail and wire fraud.
On December 7, 2009, Bruno was convicted of two counts of mail and wire fraud. He was acquitted of five felonies, and the jury hung on the last count. His convictions were subsequently overturned on appeal, and as of 2011 prosecutors planned to retry him.
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Joseph L. Bruno
Joseph L. Bruno (born April 8, 1929) is an American businessman, and Republican politician. He was the Temporary President of the New York State Senate and its majority leader. Most recently he also served as Lieutenant Governor of New York (Acting).
On June 23, 2008, Bruno announced that he would not seek reelection to the State Senate in 2008. On June 24, 2008, Bruno stepped down from the positions of Senate Majority Leader and "temporary president of the senate", but remained a State Senator. On July 18, 2008, Bruno resigned from the New York State Senate. He represented the 43rd New York State Senate District, and is on record as a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).
On January 23, 2009, Bruno was indicted on eight counts of corruption, including mail and wire fraud.
On December 7, 2009, Bruno was convicted of two counts of mail and wire fraud. He was acquitted of five felonies, and the jury hung on the last count. His convictions were subsequently overturned on appeal, and as of 2011 prosecutors planned to retry him.
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Josiah Ogden Hoffman
Josiah Ogden Hoffman (April 14, 1766 Newark, Essex County, New Jersey – January 24, 1837 New York City) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Nicholas Hoffman (1736–1800) and Sarah Ogden Hoffman (1742–1821). He was a Federalist member from New York County of the New York State Assembly in 1790-91. He was New York State Attorney General from 1795 to 1802. In 1828, he became one of the original justices (with Samuel Jones and Thomas J. Oakley) of the then established New York City Superior Court.
He married Mary Colden, and their son was Ogden Hoffman (1794–1856, NY Attorney General 1854-1855). On August 7, 1802, he married his second wife, Maria Fenno (1781–1823, daughter of John Fenno), their son was Charles Fenno Hoffman (1806–1884).
Washington Irving studied law at Hoffman's law office and became engaged to his daughter Matilda Hoffman (1791–1809) who died before the marriage could take place.
Gulian C. Verplanck studied law at Hoffman's office and married Mary Eliza Fenno (d. 1817), the sister of Hoffman's second wife.
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Kara Kennedy Allen
Kara Anne Kennedy Allen (February 27, 1960 – September 16, 2011) was a member of the American political dynasty, the Kennedy family. She was the oldest of the three children of U.S. Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy from Massachusetts, and the niece of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Bobby Kennedy. Kara Kennedy, the mother of two children, served on the boards of numerous charities and was a film maker and television producer.
Kara Anne Kennedy was born in 1960 to Virginia Joan (née Bennett) Kennedy and Edward Moore Kennedy, Sr. in Bronxville, New York. In his book True Compass, Senator Kennedy wrote about his joy at her birth: "I had never seen a more beautiful baby nor been more happy." Her siblings are Edward Moore Kennedy, Jr. (born 1961), and Patrick Joseph Kennedy II (born 1967). She spent her early years in Virginia and Cape Cod. She attended the National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C. and Trinity College, Hartford. Kennedy graduated from Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts.
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Kennedy family
In the United States, the phrase Kennedy family commonly refers to the family descending from the marriage of the Irish-Americans Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald that was prominent in American politics and government. Their political involvement has revolved around the Democratic Party. Harvard University educations have been common among them, and they have contributed heavily to that university's John F. Kennedy School of Government. The wealth, glamour and photogenic quality of the family members, as well as their extensive and continuing commitment to public service, has elevated them to iconic status over the past half-century and has led to their reputation as "America's Royal Family".
Following the 1960 election of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, he and his two younger brothers, Robert F. Kennedy and Edward M. Kennedy, soon all held prominent positions in the federal government, and received intensive publicity, often emphasizing their youth (relative to comparably influential politicians), allure, education and collective future in politics. From 1947, when John F. Kennedy was first elected to Congress, to 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy departed Congress, there was a 64-year run of a Kennedy family member holding an elective office in Washington. This spans more than a quarter of the nation's existence.
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Kerry Kennedy
Mary Kerry Kennedy (born September 8, 1959) is an American human rights activist and writer. She is the seventh of the eleven children of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy. She was known as Kerry Kennedy Cuomo from 1991 until 2003.
Kennedy was born in Washington, D.C. She is a graduate of The Putney School and Brown University and received her J.D. from Boston College Law School.
Since 1981, Kennedy has worked as a human rights activist, leading delegations into countries such as El Salvador, Gaza, Haiti, Kenya, Northern Ireland, and South Korea She was also involved in causes in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sudan, and Pakistan.
She established the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Human Rights in 1988 and was the Executive Director of the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial until 1995. Since 2006 she is Honorary President of the Robert F. Kennedy Foundation of Europe, based in Rome (Italy). She is also the chair of the Amnesty International Leadership Council, and has been published in The Boston Globe, The Chicago Sun-Times, and The New York Times. She is a judge for the Reebok Human Rights Award.
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Kirsten Gillibrand
Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik Gillibrand (/ˈkɪərstən ˈdʒɪlɨbrænd/ KEER-stən JIL-ə-brand; born December 9, 1966) is an attorney and the junior United States Senator from the state of New York and a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to being appointed to the Senate by New York Governor David Paterson in 2009, she was twice elected to the United States House of Representatives, from New York's 20th congressional district.
Gillibrand was born and raised in the Albany area. She is a 1988 graduate of Dartmouth College, where she majored in Asian studies. She received her Juris Doctor from UCLA Law School in 1991 and passed the bar the same year. She was an associate in the law firm of Davis Polk & Wardwell in Manhattan before becoming a partner at Boies, Schiller & Flexner in Albany.
Gillibrand won an upset congressional election in November 2006, beating four-term incumbent John E. Sweeney 53% to 47%. Her reelection campaign in 2008 against Sandy Treadwell was significantly easier, winning 62% to 38%. In December 2008, then President-elect Barack Obama nominated Hillary Rodham Clinton as Secretary of State, leaving an empty seat in the New York senate delegation. After two months and many potential names considered, Governor David Paterson appointed Gillibrand to fill the seat. Gillibrand was required to run in a special election in 2010, which she easily won with 63% of the vote. Her term ends in 2013 and she is currently running for reelection in 2012.
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Larry Summers
Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama until November 2010. Summers is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. He is the 1993 recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal for his work in several fields of economics.
Summers also served as the 27th President of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty that resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with Cornel West, financial conflict of interest questions regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer, and a 2005 speech in which he suggested that the under-representation of women in science and engineering could be due to a "different availability of aptitude at the high end," and less to patterns of discrimination and socialization.
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Lawrence Summers
Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama until November 2010. Summers is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. He is the 1993 recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal for his work in several fields of economics.
Summers also served as the 27th President of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty that resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with Cornel West, financial conflict of interest questions regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer, and a 2005 speech in which he suggested that the under-representation of women in science and engineering could be due to a "different availability of aptitude at the high end," and less to patterns of discrimination and socialization.
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Lee P. Brown
Lee Patrick Brown (born October 4, 1937) had a long-time career in law enforcement, leading police departments in Atlanta, Houston and New York over the course of nearly four decades. During this time he helped to implement a number of techniques in community policing that appeared to result in substantial decreases in crime. In 1997 Brown was the first African American to be elected mayor of Houston, Texas. He was reelected twice to serve the maximum of three terms from 1998 to 2004.
His parents Andrew and Zelma Brown were share croppers in Oklahoma, and Lee Brown was born in Wewoka. His family, including six brothers, moved to California in the second wave of the Great Migration and his parents continued as farmers. A high school athlete, Brown earned a football scholarship to Fresno State University, where he earned a B.S. in criminology in 1960. That year he started as a police officer in San Jose, California. In fact, Brown was elected as the president of the San Jose Police Officers' Association (union) and served from 1965–1966.
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Leon Panetta
Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) is the 23rd and current United States Secretary of Defense, serving in the administration of President Barack Obama since 2011. Prior to taking office, he served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. An Italian-American Democratic politician, lawyer, and professor, Panetta served as President Bill Clinton's White House Chief of Staff from 1994 to 1997, Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1993–1994, and was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1993. He is the founder of the Panetta Institute for Public Policy, served as Distinguished Scholar to Chancellor Charles B. Reed of the California State University System and professor of public policy at Santa Clara University.
In January 2009, President Obama nominated Panetta for the post of CIA Director. Panetta was confirmed by the full Senate in February 2009. As director of the CIA, Panetta oversaw the U.S. military operation that led to Osama bin Laden's death.
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Les Aspin
Leslie "Les" Aspin, Jr. (July 21, 1938 – May 21, 1995) was a United States Representative from 1971 to 1993, and the United States Secretary of Defense under President Bill Clinton from January 21, 1993 to February 3, 1994.
Aspin was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He graduated from Shorewood High School. He attended Yale University, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity, and graduated summa cum laude in 1960 with a Bachelor of Arts in history. In 1962, he received his Master of Arts in economics from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar, and his Ph.D in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966.
As an officer in the U.S. Army from 1966 to 1968, he served as a systems analyst in the Pentagon under Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, serving in the Office of Systems Analysis. Before his election as a Democrat to Congress in 1970, Aspin had been active in Wisconsin politics and had taught economics at Marquette University.
Aspin ran as a peace candidate in 1970, opposing the Vietnam War. In the Democratic primary he was opposed by Doug LaFollette, who was endorsed by the party. After losing the initial count by a few dozen votes, he demanded a recount and won the primary, by a few dozen votes. In the general election he defeated the incumbent, Henry Schadeberg.
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Leslie W. Russell
Leslie Wead Russell (April 15, 1840 Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York - February 3, 1903 Flushing, Queens, New York City) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of John Leslie Russell (ca. 1804-1861, a lawyer and member of the NY Assembly) and Mary Sybil (Wead) Russell (ca. 1812-1870). He was educated at Canton Academy, and at age 16 began to teach school. Then he studied law at Albany, New York and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was admitted to the bar in 1861, and commenced practice in Canton, NY. On October 19, 1864, he married Harriet Jane Lawrence (1843–1931), and they had six children two of whom died in infancy.
He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1867. In 1869, he was elected District Attorney of St. Lawrence County, and County Judge in 1877. He was a presidential elector in 1876. He was New York State Attorney General from 1882 to 1883. Afterwards he resumed the practice of law at New York City.
He was a delegate to the 1884 and 1900 Republican National Conventions. He was a member of the 52nd United States Congress and served until September 11, 1891, when he resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. He resigned from the bench on October 1, 1902.
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Levi P. Morton
Levi Parsons Morton (May 16, 1824 – May 16, 1920) was a Representative from New York and the 22nd Vice President of the United States (1889–1893). He also later served as the 31st Governor of New York.
Morton was born in Shoreham, Addison County, Vermont. His parents were the Rev. Daniel Oliver Morton (1788–1852), a Congregationalist minister of old New England stock, and Lucretia Parsons (1789–1862). His older brother, David Oliver Morton (1815–1859), was Mayor of Toledo, Ohio from 1849 to 1850.
He left school early and worked as a clerk in a general store in Enfield, Massachusetts, taught school in Boscawen, New Hampshire, engaged in mercantile pursuits in Hanover, New Hampshire, moved to Boston, entered the dry-goods business in New York City, and engaged in banking there. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1876 to the 45th Congress, but he was appointed by President Rutherford B. Hayes to be an honorary commissioner to the Paris Exhibition of 1878.
Morton was elected, as a Republican, to the 46th and 47th Congresses. He served from March 4, 1879, until his resignation, effective March 21, 1881. The 1880 Republican presidential nominee, James A. Garfield, asked Morton to be his vice presidential running mate, but Morton declined the offer. If he had accepted and history continued on the same course, Morton would have become the 21st President, instead of Chester A. Arthur, after Garfield's assassination.
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Levi S. Chatfield
Levi Starr Chatfield (March 7, 1808 - 1884) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Enos Chatfield (1782–1858) and Hannah (Starr) Chatfield (1782–1857). He was born in that part of the Town of Butternuts which in 1849 was separated as the Town of Morris, in Otsego County, New York.
When the Village of Laurens was incorporated in 1834, he was chosen its first Town Clerk.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Otsego Co.) in 1839, 1840, 1841 and 1842, and was Speaker in 1842.
He was one of the first trustees of the Presbyterian church of Laurens when it was organized on January 16, 1844.
He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1846.
In 1847, he ran for Attorney General on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by Whig/Anti-Rent candidate Ambrose L. Jordan. In 1849, he was elected New York State Attorney General, and re-elected in 1851. He was in office from 1850 to 1853 when he resigned three weeks before the end of the term.
In 1853-54, he was the major stockholder of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad.
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Lincoln Chafee
Lincoln Davenport Chafee ( /ˈtʃeɪfiː/; born March 26, 1953) is an American politician who has been the 74th Governor of Rhode Island since January 2011. Prior to his election as governor, Chafee served in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1999 until losing his Senate re-election bid in 2006 to Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse. In 2007, he left the Republican Party and became an independent. He is the first independent to serve as Governor of Rhode Island since John Collins, who served 1786–1790.
A Rhode Island native educated at Phillips Academy and Brown University, Chafee worked as a professional farrier for seven years before entering state politics in 1985. He was a delegate to the Rhode Island State Constitutional Convention, a member of the Warwick, Rhode Island city council, and later the mayor of Warwick. Chafee was appointed to the United States Senate in 1999 upon the death of his father, Senator John Chafee, and was elected in the 2000 Senate election for a full six-year term.
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Lloyd Bentsen
Lloyd Millard Bentsen, Jr. (February 11, 1921 – May 23, 2006) was a four-term United States senator (1971–1993) from Texas and the Democratic Party nominee for Vice President in 1988 on the Michael Dukakis ticket. He also served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1955. In his later political life, he was Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee and the U.S. Treasury Secretary during the first two years of the Clinton administration.
Bentsen was born in Mission in Hidalgo County in south Texas; his parents were Lloyd Millard Bentsen, Sr., a first-generation Danish American, and the former Edna Ruth Colbath. Bentsen was an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. He attended Sharyland High School. He graduated from the University of Texas School of Law in 1942 where he was a member of the Upsilon Chapter of Sigma Nu fraternity and the Texas Cowboys. Upon graduation, he served in the United States Army Air Corps from 1942 to 1945. On November 27, 1943, he married Beryl Ann Longino, a fashion model, whom he first met in college.[citation needed]
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Louis Lefkowitz
Louis J. Lefkowitz (July 3, 1904 Manhattan, New York City - June 20, 1996 Manhattan, New York City) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Samuel Lefkowitz and Mollie Isaacs Lefkowitz. On June 14, 1931, he married Helen Schwimmer (1908–1986). They had a son, Stephen Lefkovitz, and a daughter, Joan Lefkowitz Feinbloom.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1928 to 1930, elected in the 6th district of New York. In 1935, he became a municipal judge.
In 1957, he was elected New York State Attorney General by the New York State Legislature to succeed Jacob K. Javits who resigned after his election to the U.S. Senate. He was re-elected in 1958, 1962, 1966, 1970 and 1974, holding the office for 22 years, the longest tenure since the office was established in 1777. In 1961, he was the Republican candidate for Mayor of New York City, but lost to Robert F. Wagner, Jr..
He was a delegate to the 1944, 1948, 1960 and 1964 Republican National Conventions, and an alternate delegate to the 1956 Republican National Convention. He was a moderate or even liberal Republican and part of the Thomas E. Dewey and Nelson A. Rockefeller faction of the New York GOP.
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Lucius Robinson
Lucius Robinson (November 4, 1810, Windham, Greene County, New York – March 23, 1891, Elmira, Chemung County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the 26th Governor of New York from 1877 to 1879.
He graduated from Delaware Academy in Delhi, New York. Afterwards he studied law in the offices of Erastus Root and Amasa J. Parker, was admitted to the bar in 1832, and commenced practice in Catskill, N.Y. He was District Attorney of Greene County from 1837 to 1840. Then he removed to New York City and became a member of Tammany Hall.
He joined the Republican Party when it was founded, and representing this party was a member from Chemung County of the New York State Assembly in 1860 and 1861.
He was New York State Comptroller from 1862 to 1865. In 1861, he was elected on the Union ticket nominated by Republicans and War Democrats. In 1863 he was defeated for re-nomination at the Union state convention, but the nominated candidadte refused to run, and the Republican State Committee put Robinson back on the ticket, and he was re-elected. After the war he joined the Democratic Party again, and was re-nominated for Comptroller on the Democratic ticket, but this time was defeated by the Republican candidate Thomas Hillhouse. After his defeat he resumed the practice of law. In 1871-72 he was a member of the New York State Constitutional Commission.
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Luis Fortuño
Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset (born October 31, 1960) is the governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States of America. Fortuño is also the president of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico (NPP), a member of the Republican National Committee, and will be president of the Council of State Governments during 2012. On June 26, 2011 he announced his plans to run for reelection.
In the 1990s, Fortuño served as the first Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce as the Executive Director of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company and as the President of Puerto Rico's Hotel Development Corporation during the administration of Governor Pedro Rosselló.
In 2003 Fortuño won the 2004 NPP nomination for Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico in primaries against former Governor Carlos Romero Barceló, former Senate President Charlie Rodriguez and then senator Miriam Ramírez de Ferrer. He was then elected Resident Commissioner in 2004, defeating Senator Roberto Prats. Fortuño represented Puerto Rico from 2005 to 2009 in the United States House of Representatives, and served as Chair of the Congressional Hispanic Conference, a Member of the newly created United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Insular Affairs and co-chair, with Rep. Xavier Becerra (D-CA), of the Friends of Spain Caucus.
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Luther Bradish
Luther Bradish (September 15, 1783 Cummington, Hampshire County, Massachusetts - August 30, 1863 Newport, Newport County, Rhode Island) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1839 to 1842.
He was the son of Col. John Bradish and Hannah Bradish (née Warner). He served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812. In 1814, he married Helen Elizabeth Gibbs (daughter of George Gibbs (mineralogist)). She died in 1816 along with their son.
In 1819, Bradish was commissioned by U.S. President James Monroe's United States Secretary of State John Quincy Adams to pursue a treaty with the Ottoman Empire. Up till that point, Philadelphian David Offley was interceding, on behalf of American shippers, with the Empire's regencies along the Barbary Coast, i.e., Algiers, Libya, Tunis, etc., but his effectiveness was limited because the U.S had no official relations with the Empire, even after the conclusion of the Barbary Wars. The treaty terms demanded by Halet Effendi, the Ottoman foreign minister, were unacceptable to the U.S. Any future attempts at negotiations with Halet became moot when he 'offended' the Sultan and was first banished from Constantinople (Istanbul), and then killed. A treaty was eventually completed during President Andrew Jackson's term in office.
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Lyman Tremain
Lyman Tremain (June 14, 1819 Durham, Greene County, New York - November 30, 1878 New York City) was a jurist and politician from New York.
He was admitted to the bar in 1840 and practiced in Durham, where he was elected to his first political office as town supervisor in 1842. He was appointed District Attorney of Greene County in 1844. He was elected Surrogate in 1846, but lost reelection in 1851.
He moved to Albany, New York in 1853 and entered into partnership with former Congressman Rufus Wheeler Peckham in 1855. Elected as a Democrat, he was New York State Attorney General from 1858 to 1859.
He ran unsuccessfully as the Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1862. In June 1864 he was a delegate to the Baltimore Convention of the National Union Party where he placed the name of Daniel S. Dickinson in contention for the Vice Presidential nomination on the ticket with President Lincoln. He served as a member of the New York State Assembly from 1866 to 1868, and was Speaker in 1866. He was a delegate to the 1868 Republican National Convention and placed Governor Fenton's name in contention for Vice President on the ticket with General Grant.
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M. William Bray
M. William Bray (September 25, 1889, Churubusco, Clinton County, New York – January 17, 1961) was an American lawyer and politician. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1933 to 1938.
He was the son of John Bray and Hannah Bray. He graduated from Union College in 1911, and from Albany Law School in 1914. He commenced practice in Utica, New York.
In 1924, he became Chairman of the Oneida County Democratic Committee, and was Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee from 1928 to 1930. He was a delegate to the 1928, 1932, 1940 and 1948 Democratic National Conventions.
In 1932, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, former Governor Al Smith and Party State Chairman James A. Farley forced the nomination of Herbert H. Lehman for governor, over the opposition of Tammany Hall and its allies. As a peace offering, Farley permitted Tammany to choose the candidate for lieutenant governor, and Bray was nominated. Lehman and Bray were renominated and reelected in 1934 and in 1936. In 1938, Bray was dumped from the ticket in favor of Lehman's counsel Charles Poletti.
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Mack McLarty
Thomas F. "Mack" McLarty III (born June 14, 1946) is a prominent Arkansas business and political leader and former White House Chief of Staff for US President Bill Clinton. He is the President of McLarty Associates, a Washington-based consulting company, as well as Chief Executive Officer of the McLarty Companies.
McLarty was born in Hope, Arkansas, and graduated from the University of Arkansas in 1969. He is a member of Sigma Chi Fraternity. He worked through the ranks of the business founded by his grandfather, Thomas F. "Mr. Tom" McLarty, Hope Auto Company. After serving a term in the Arkansas House, he concentrated his efforts on growing the family's truck leasing business, first called M&M Leasing, later to become McLarty Leasing. He expanded the family's Arkansas dealership network to locations in Hope, Texarkana, Magnolia, and Little Rock. He was urged in many Democratic Party circles to seek the governor's chair vacated by David Pryor in 1978, but he deferred to his friend and fellow Hope native, Bill Clinton. He was elected to the State Legislature at the age of 23, serving a single term from 1971–1973 and served as chairman of the state Democratic Party from 1974–1976."
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Madeleine Albright
Madeleine Korbelová Albright (born May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become the United States Secretary of State. She was appointed by US President Bill Clinton on December 5, 1996, and was unanimously confirmed by a U.S. Senate vote of 99–0. She was sworn in on January 23, 1997.
Albright currently serves as a Professor of International Relations at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service. She holds a PhD from Columbia University. She holds honorary degrees from Brandeis University (1996); the University of Washington (2002); Smith College (2003); University of Winnipeg (2005); the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2007), and Knox College (2008). In May 2012, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by US President Barack Obama. Secretary Albright also serves as a Director on the Board of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Albright is fluent in English, French, Russian, and Czech; she speaks and reads Polish and Serbo-Croatian as well.
Albright was born Marie Jana Korbelová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarɪjɛ ˈjana ˈkorbɛlovaː]) in the Smíchov district of Prague, Czechoslovakia. At the time of her birth, Czechoslovakia had been independent for less than twenty years, having gained independence from Austria after World War I. Her father, Josef Korbel, was a Czech Jewish diplomat and supporter of the early Czech democrats, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš. She was his first child with his Jewish wife, Anna (née Spieglová), who later also had another daughter Katherine (a schoolteacher) and son John (an economist).
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Maria Shriver
Maria Owings Shriver ( /ˈʃraɪvər/; born November 6, 1955) is an American journalist and author of six best-selling books. She has received a Peabody Award, and was co-anchor for NBC's Emmy-winning coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics. As executive producer of The Alzheimer's Project, Shriver earned two Emmy Awards and an Academy of Television Arts & Sciences award for developing a "television show with a conscience". She was formerly First Lady of California as the wife of actor and then-California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, from whom she is now separated. She is a member of the Kennedy family (her mother, Eunice Kennedy Shriver was a sister of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Edward Kennedy).
Shriver was born in Chicago, Illinois. A Roman Catholic of German descent through her father and Irish descent through her mother, she is the second child and only daughter of the politician Sargent Shriver and Eunice Kennedy Shriver. Maria is the niece of United States President John F. Kennedy, U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy and five other siblings. Shriver attended Westland Middle School in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C., and graduated in 1973 from Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart in Bethesda. She attended Manhattanville College for two years and then transferred and went on to receive a bachelor of arts degree in American studies from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in June 1977.
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Mario Cuomo
Mario Matthew Cuomo (/ˈkwoʊmoʊ/; born June 15, 1932) served as the 52nd Governor of New York from 1983 to 1994, and is the father of Andrew Cuomo, the current governor of New York.
He was born in the New York City borough of Queens to a family of Italian-American origin. His father, Andrea Cuomo, was from Nocera Superiore, Italy, and his mother Immacolata was from Tramonti. The family owned a store in South Jamaica, Queens in New York City. Cuomo attended P.S. 50 and later earned his bachelor's degree in 1953 and law degree in 1956 from St. John's University, graduating first in his class. When he and the salutatorian (the late St. John's Law Dean Patrick Rohan) were summoned to the dean's office (Reverend Joseph T. Tinnelly) at the end of the year, he was asked what field he plans on going into after graduation.[citation needed] Cuomo responded that he would like to be a trial lawyer. Consequently, he was sent to clerk for the Honorable Judge Adrian P. Burke of the New York Court of Appeals. Additionally, he was signed and played baseball in the Pittsburgh Pirates minor league system until he was injured when a ball hit his head, and subsequently became a scout for the team.
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Mark Dayton
Mark Brandt Dayton (born January 26, 1947) is an American politician, the 40th and current Governor of the state of Minnesota. Dayton previously served as United States Senator from Minnesota from 2001 to 2007 in the 107th, 108th, and 109th Congresses. A member of the Minnesota DFL Party, Dayton was Minnesota State Auditor from 1991 to 1995.
Dayton was the DFL nominee in the November 2010 gubernatorial election. He defeated the Republican Party of Minnesota nominee Tom Emmer and Independence Party of Minnesota nominee Tom Horner in the general election, and took office on January 3, 2011.
Dayton was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Gwendolen May (née Brandt) and Bruce Bliss Dayton. He is a great-grandson of businessman George Dayton. Dayton grew up in Long Lake, Minnesota. He attended Long Lake Elementary School (now closed) and The Blake School in Hopkins, from which he graduated in 1965.
In 1969, he graduated cum laude from Yale University, where he played goalie for the varsity hockey team. He also joined Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, whose membership at the time included George W. Bush. Dayton worked as a teacher for two years in New York City, and then as chief financial officer of a social service agency in Boston, Massachusetts. Dayton served as a legislative assistant to Senator Walter Mondale. He ran for the United States Senate in 1982, losing to Republican incumbent David Durenberger.
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Mark J. Green
Mark J. Green (b. March 15, 1945) is an author, public interest lawyer and a Democratic politician who lives in New York City. He worked with Ralph Nader from 1970–1980, eventually as director of Public Citizen's Congress Watch, and is also the former president of Air America Radio (2007–2009).
He was New York City Consumer Affairs Commissioner from 1990 to 1993 and was twice elected New York City Public Advocate, in 1994 and 1997. He also won Democratic primaries for the U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Senate, and Mayor of New York City, but in each case lost in the general election. Additionally, he has lost additional campaigns to be the Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate, the Democratic Nominee for New York Attorney General, and the Democratic Nominee for New York Public Advocate, eight years after finishing off two terms in that position.
He has written, co-written or edited 22 books, including two bestsellers, Who Runs Congress? (1972) (co-written with James Fallows) and The Book On Bush (2004) (co-written with Eric Alterman).[citation needed] He has collaborated on published works several times with consumer advocate Ralph Nader. His most recent book is Change for America: A Progressive Blueprint for the 44th President, co-edited by Green and Michele Jolin, a transition policy book for President Obama, co-produced by the New Democracy Project and the Center for American Progress Action Fund.
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Mark Shriver
Mark Kennedy Shriver (born February 17, 1964) is a United States Democratic Party politician who served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates for two consecutive terms, from 1995 to 2003. He currently serves as Senior Vice President of US Programs for the charity Save the Children. Shriver married Jeanne Eileen Ripp (born November 30, 1965) on June 26, 1992 and they have three children: Mary Elizabeth "Molly" Shriver (born on 1998), Thomas Kennedy "Tommy" Shriver (born 1999), and Emma Rose Shriver (b. 2005).
Shriver was born in Washington, D.C. He is part of the Kennedy political family, since his mother was Eunice Mary Kennedy. He may also be considered to be a part of the "Shriver political family", since his ancestor David Shriver was a delegate of Frederick County, Maryland who signed the Maryland Constitution and Bill of Rights at Maryland's Constitutional Convention of 1776, and his father is Sargent Shriver, the first director of the Peace Corps upon its establishment by President John F. Kennedy on September 22, 1961, a former ambassador to France and the 1972 Democratic Vice Presidential candidate. Mark Shriver has written a memoir about his father, A Good Man: Rediscovering My Father, Sargent Shriver. His sister, Maria Shriver, is a former journalist and the former First Lady of California (she was married to former Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger until mid-year 2011).
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Martin O'Malley
Martin Joseph O'Malley (born January 18, 1963) is an American Democratic politician who is currently serving as the 61st Governor of Maryland. Previously, he served as the mayor of Baltimore from 1999 to 2007. He is currently the Chairman of the Democratic Governors Association.
O'Malley grew up in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Potomac, Maryland, the child of an attorney. O'Malley attended the Our Lady of Lourdes School in Bethesda and Gonzaga College High School. He went to college at The Catholic University of America, graduating in 1985. Later that year he enrolled at the University of Maryland School of Law in Baltimore, earning his J.D. in 1988 and passing the bar that same year.
In December 1982, while still in college, O'Malley signed on with the Gary Hart presidential campaign for the 1984 election. In late 1983, he volunteered to go to Iowa. He phone-banked, organized volunteers, and played guitar and sang at small fundraisers and other events.
In 1986, while in law school, O'Malley was named by U.S. Congresswoman Barbara Mikulski as her state field director for her successful primary and general election campaigns for the U.S. Senate. Later he served as a legislative fellow in Senator Mikulski's office from 1987–1988.
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Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren (Dutch: Maarten van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was the eighth President of the United States (1837–1841). Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President (1833–1837) and the tenth Secretary of State, under Andrew Jackson (1829–1831).
Van Buren was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president not of British or Irish descent—his family was Dutch. He was the first president to be born an American citizen, his predecessors having been born British subjects before the American Revolution. He is also the only president not to have spoken English as his first language, having grown up speaking Dutch, and the first president from New York.
As Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State and then Vice President, Van Buren was a key figure in building the organizational structure for Jacksonian democracy, particularly in New York State. As president, he did not want the United States to annex Texas, an act which John Tyler would achieve eight years after Van Buren's initial rejection. Between the bloodless Aroostook War and the Caroline Affair, relations with Britain and its colonies in Canada also proved to be strained.
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Mary Anne Krupsak
Mary Anne Krupsak (b. March 26, 1932 Schenectady, New York) is an American lawyer and politician from New York. She was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1975 to 1978.
She is the daughter of Ambrose M. Krupczak and Mamie (Wytrwal) Krupczak. She grew up in Amsterdam, New York where her parents operated a pharmacy and her father served as a Democratic member of the Board of Supervisors of Montgomery County, New York, representing the City of Amsterdam's Fourth Ward.
Krupsak served two terms in the New York State Assembly and one term in the New York State Senate before running for Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1974.
Elected with Hugh Carey, Krupsak became upset with how Carey treated her in office and felt she was not given enough to do. After committing to run for a second term with Carey in 1978, Krupsak decided to withdraw from the ticket and instead challenge Carey for the Democratic nomination for governor. She lost the primary to Carey and after running unsuccessfully for Congress, retired from politics.
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Mary Fallin
Mary Fallin (born December 9, 1954) is the 27th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. She was a U.S. Representative for Oklahoma's 5th congressional district from 2007 until 2011.
She is the second woman elected to the United States Congress from Oklahoma and the first since 1921 when Alice Mary Robertson was elected to Congress and served for one term from 1921 to 1923. She was the first Republican and first woman to serve as Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. She served in that post from 1995 to 2007. She is also the first woman to serve as Governor in the state of Oklahoma.
Fallin was born Mary Copeland in Warrensburg, Missouri, the daughter of Mary Jo (née Duggan) and Joseph Newton Copeland. Her mother and father both served terms as mayor of Tecumseh, where she was raised. Now a resident of Oklahoma City, she has long made the Fifth District her home. A graduate of Tecumseh High School, Fallin attended Oklahoma Baptist University in Shawnee as well as the University of Central Oklahoma in Edmond. Fallin holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Oklahoma State University.
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Matt Mead
Matthew Hansen "Matt" Mead (born March 11, 1962) is the 32nd and current Governor of Wyoming.
Mead was born in Teton County, Wyoming, the son of Peter Bradford Mead and Mary Elisabeth (née Hansen; 1935-1996), the GOP gubernatorial nominee in 1990, and the grandson of the late Governor and U.S. Senator Clifford Hansen. Mary Mead, considered an expert horsewoman, was killed in a horseback accident while working cattle in Grand Teton National Park. Mead grew up in Wyoming. He has an older brother, Bradford Scott "Brad" Mead, a Jackson attorney, and an older sister, Muffy Mead-Ferro of Salt Lake City, Utah, the author of Confessions of a Slacker Mom.
Mead is a former United States Attorney based in the capital city of Cheyenne. He served under appointment of U.S. President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2007. In 2007, Mead resigned as U.S. Attorney to seek the seat vacated by the death of fellow Republican Craig L. Thomas. His resignation was required under the Hatch Act of 1939. He lost in the Republican State Central Committee by fourteen votes on the third ballot from being one of the three candidates from which Democratic Governor Dave Freudenthal could make his selection. Freudenthal chose state Senator John Barrasso of Casper.
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Matthew Linn Bruce
Matthew Linn Bruce (October 1, 1860, Mercersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania – February 26, 1936, Albany, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
He was the son of Dr. James Bruce and Mary (Linn) Bruce (ca. 1830-1907). He was educated at Andes Academy, and graduated A.B. from Rutgers College as valedictorian of the class of 1884. Then he studied law in the office of Cassius M. Shaw at Andes, N.Y., and was admitted to the bar in 1889.
In 1890 removed to New York City where he resided in the Twenty-first Assembly District. He was managing clerk in the office of Hector M. Hitchings until 1892, and then opened his own law office. In 1894, he married Lillian (Ballantine) Knapp, and they had four children.
In 1903, he was President of the New York County Republican Committee, and conducted the unsuccessful campaign of Mayor Seth Low for re-election.
He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1905 to 1906, elected in 1904, but defeated for re-election in November 1906 although his running mate Charles Evans Hughes was elected Governor. All other Republican candidates were defeated by the nominees of the Democratic/Independence League fusion ticket. On December 5, 1906, he resigned and was appointed by Governor Frank W. Higgins a justice of the New York Supreme Court to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Justice Morgan J. O'Brien, and remained on the bench until the end of 1907. In 1908, he resumed the practice of law, but on October 13 of the same year he was reappointed to the Supreme Court by Gov. Hughes to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Justice David Leventritt, and remained on the bench until the end of the year. In November 1908, he ran for the Supreme Court on the Republican ticket to succeed himself, but was defeated by the Democratic candidate Irving Lehman.
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Max Kennedy
Matthew Maxwell Taylor Kennedy (born January 11, 1965) – also known as Max Kennedy – is an American author and the ninth child of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy, and a member of the Kennedy family.
Kennedy was born in New York City, and baptized by Monsignor William McCormack in Manhattan's St. Patrick's Cathedral, in front of a crowd of 200 people. He is named after General Maxwell Taylor, then serving as the American Ambassador to Vietnam, who did not attend the baptism.
Graduating with honors from Harvard University where he majored in American history, Max was a member of the Spee Club of Harvard University, a Final Club. He married Victoria Anne Strauss, the granddaughter of Maurice "Moe" Strauss (born February 10, 1964) on July 13, 1991 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Both he and his wife graduated in 1992 from the University of Virginia School of Law, where he was elected President of the Student Legal Forum. Both his father and his uncle, Senator Ted Kennedy had served as presidents of the Student Legal Forum during their respective times at the University of Virginia School of Law.
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Mel Martinez
Melquíades Rafael Martínez Ruiz, usually known as Mel Martinez (born October 23, 1946), is a former United States Senator from Florida and served as Chairman of the Republican Party from November 2006 until October 19, 2007, the first Latino to serve as chairman of a major party. Previously, Martínez served as the 12th Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President George W. Bush. Martínez is a Cuban-American and Roman Catholic. He announced he was resigning as Chairman of the Republican National Committee on October 19, 2007. He is an honorary initiate of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity through the Eta Rho Chapter at the University of Central Florida in Orlando.
Martínez resigned his cabinet post on December 12, 2003, to run for the open U.S. Senate seat in Florida being vacated by retiring Democratic Senator Bob Graham. Martínez secured the Republican nomination and narrowly defeated the Democratic nominee, Betty Castor. His election made him the first Cuban-American to serve in the U.S. Senate. Furthermore, he and Ken Salazar (who is Mexican-American) were the first Hispanic U.S. Senators since 1977. They were joined by a third, Bob Menéndez (who is also Cuban-American) in January 2006, until Salazar resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2009, to become Secretary of the Interior. On December 2, 2008, Martinez announced he would not be running for re-election to the Senate in 2010.
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Merton E. Lewis
Merton Elmer Lewis (December 10, 1861 Webster, Monroe County, New York - May 2, 1937 Rochester, Monroe County, NY) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Charles Chadwick Lewis (b. 1826) and Rhoda Ann (Willard) Lewis. He graduated from Webster Union School, then studied law with James B. Perkins at Rochester. He was admitted to the bar in 1887, and commenced practice in Rochester. On January 2, 1886, he married Adeline Louise Moody (1866-1894).
He was delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894. He was an alderman of Rochester from 1891 on, and as President of the Common Council since 1894 became Acting Mayor of Rochester after the resignation of George W. Aldridge in 1895.
In 1906, he ran for New York State Comptroller, but except for Governor Charles Evans Hughes, the whole Republican ticket was narrowly defeated by the ticket nominated by the Democratic Party and the Independence League.
In January 1915, he was appointed as First Deputy by Attorney General Egburt E. Woodbury. Woodbury resigned on April 19, 1917, and six days later Lewis was elected New York Attorney General by joint ballot of the New York State Legislature (vote: Lewis 173, Morris Hillquit 2), and in November 1917, he was elected to remain in office until the end of 1918.
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Mickey Kantor
Michael "Mickey" Kantor (born August 7, 1939) is an American politician and lawyer. After serving as the Clinton-Gore campaign chair in 1992, Kantor was appointed United States Trade Representative, holding that office from 1993 to 1997. He was, in 1996 and 1997, United States Secretary of Commerce.
Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he holds a B.A. in business and economics from Vanderbilt University, earned in 1961. He then served four years as an officer in the United States Navy, and subsequently earned a J.D. from Georgetown University in 1968. Initially, Kantor worked for the Legal Services Corporation, providing legal assistance to migrant farm workers. It was during this time that he first met Hillary Clinton. From 1976-1993, he practiced law with the Los Angeles law firm of Manatt, Phelps, Phillips & Kantor (now Manatt, Phelps & Phillips LLP), and was active in Democratic politics and fundraising. He also co-founded the Los Angeles Conservation Corps.
An advocate of free trade, Kantor, as Trade Representative, led U.S. negotiations that created the World Trade Organization (WTO), such as the Uruguay Round, and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). His efforts were broadly criticized by organized labor and environmentalists alike, for refusing to consider fundamental worker and environmental health issues in the core agreements. President Clinton later acknowledged the errors of his administration in relegating these key economic concerns to legally weak side agreements, while favoring large business interests in the NAFTA treaty document. "I think it was a mistake. I think it was part of a global trend that was wrong-headed." Kantor also engaged in organizating the Miami Summit of the Americas and three meetings of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, including the U.S.-hosted First Leaders' Meeting. With the European Commission of the newly formed European Union, he expanded the trans-Atlantic market.
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Mike Espy
Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (born November 30, 1953) is a former United States political figure. From 1987 to 1993, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi. He served as the Secretary of Agriculture from 1993 to 1994. He was the first African American Secretary of Agriculture.
Espy was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi. He is the grandson of Thomas J. Huddleston, Sr., the founder of the Afro-American Sons and Daughters, a fraternal society that operated the Afro-American Hospital. The hospital was a leading provider of health care for blacks in the state from the 1920s until the 1970s.
He attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., majoring in law. Espy earned his Juris Doctor from the Santa Clara University School of Law in California in 1978. He was an attorney with Central Mississippi Legal Services between 1978 and 1980 and was later the assistant secretary of state to Mississippi Legal Services. Espy was the assistant secretary of the state's Public Lands Division from 1980 to 1984.
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Mitch Daniels
Mitchell Elias "Mitch" Daniels, Jr. (born April 7, 1949) is the 49th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Indiana. A Republican, he began his first four-year term as governor on January 10, 2005, and was elected to his second term by an 18-point margin, receiving the most votes in Indiana history, on November 4, 2008. Previously, he was the Director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget under George W. Bush. He was formerly Senior Vice President of Eli Lilly and Company, Indiana's largest corporation, where he was in charge of the corporation's business strategy. He was widely speculated to be a candidate for President of the United States in 2012 before choosing not to run. He is the author of the best selling book "Keeping the Republic: Saving America by Trusting Americans."
Mitchell Elias Daniels, Jr., was born in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, to Dorothy Mae (née Wilkes) and Mitchell Elias Daniels, Sr. His paternal grandparents were Christian immigrants from Syria. Daniels has been honored by the Arab-American Institute with the 2011 Najeeb Halaby Award for Public Service. His mother's ancestry was mostly English (where three of his great-grandparents were born), as well as Scottish. Daniels spent his early childhood years in Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Georgia.
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Moon Landrieu
Maurice Edwin "Moon" Landrieu (born July 23, 1930) is a Democratic politician from Louisiana who served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1970–1978. He also is a former judge. He represented New Orleans' Twelfth Ward in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1960 to 1966, served on the New Orleans City Council as a member at-large from 1966 to 1970 and was the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under U.S. President Jimmy Carter from 1979–1981.
Moon Landrieu was born in Uptown New Orleans, the son of Joseph G. Landrieu (owner of a small corner grocery) and the former Loretta Bechtel. While his birth name was Maurice, he acquired the nickname "Moon" in his early childhood, and later had his name legally changed. He went to Jesuit High School. A promising athlete, Landrieu won a baseball scholarship at Loyola University New Orleans, where he received a bachelor of arts in business administration in 1952 and a law degree in 1954. As an undergraduate, he was elected student body president at Loyola. After a three year stint in the United States Army, Landrieu opened a law practice and taught accounting at Loyola. In 1954, Landrieu married Verna Satterlee, with whom he had nine children (Mary, Mark, Melanie, Michelle, Mitchell, Madeleine, Martin, Melinda, and Maurice Jr.).
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Nathan Deal
John Nathan Deal (born August 25, 1942) is a United States politician, the 82nd and current Governor of Georgia. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1992 but switched to the Republican Party in 1995. On March 1, 2010, Deal announced his resignation from Congress to run for governor of Georgia.
Deal faced a crowded field of candidates in the July Republican primary but ultimately faced former Georgia Secretary of State Karen Handel in a tightly contested August 10, 2010, primary runoff election, and won by fewer than 2500 votes. The following day Handel declined to pursue a recount and conceded. On November 2, Democratic opponent Roy Barnes called to concede the race for governor of Georgia, making Deal the governor-elect to succeed term-limited Sonny Perdue in 2011.
Deal was born in Millen in 1942 and grew up in Sandersville. Both of his parents were teachers. He attended Mercer University in Macon, where he earned his bachelor and law degrees with honors. After he earned his Juris Doctor degree in 1966, he went into the United States Army, where he earned the rank of captain.
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Nathaniel Lawrence
Nathaniel Lawrence (July 11, 1761 – July 15, 1797) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Thomas Lawrence (1733—1816; brother of Jonathan Lawrence) and Elizabeth (Fish) Lawrence. He attended Princeton College, but left to fight in the American Revolutionary War as a lieutenant.
In 1788, he was a delegate to the New York State Convention which ratified the U.S. Constitution. He was Secretary to the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York from 1790 to 1794. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1791, 1792, 1795 and 1796. He was New York State Attorney General from 1792 to 1795.
On February 16, 1796, he was appointed Assistant Attorney General for the First District, comprising Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Richmond and Westchester Counties, and died in office.
He married Elizabeth Berrien (1762–1800; aunt of John M. Berrien), and they had two daughters: Margaret Elizabeth Lawrence who married Philip Lindsley, and Elizabeth Lawrence who died in infancy.
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Neil Abercrombie
Neil A. Abercrombie (born June 26, 1938) is an American politician and is the seventh Governor of Hawaii. Previously he was the Democratic U.S. Representative of the First Congressional District of Hawaii, which comprises urban Honolulu. He served in Congress from 1986 to 1987 and from 1991 to 2010, when he resigned to successfully run for governor. He was also a state legislator and member of the Honolulu City Council.
Abercrombie was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of Vera June (née Grader) and George Donald Abercrombie. His ancestry includes English, Irish, and German. Upon graduating from Williamsville High School (now Williamsville South High School), he went on to pursue studies in sociology at Union College in Schenectady, New York. There, Abercrombie obtained his bachelor's degree in 1959. He arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii, a month after statehood in September 1959 to study at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa where he earned a master's degree in sociology and later a doctorate in American Studies. There he attended classes with, and befriended, current United States President Barack Obama's parents, Ann Dunham and Barack Obama, Sr.
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Nelson Rockefeller
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American businessman, philanthropist, public servant, and politician. He served as the 41st Vice President of the United States (1974–1977), serving under President Gerald Ford, and the 49th Governor of New York (1959–1973). He also served the Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower administrations in a variety of positions. A member of the Rockefeller family, he was also a noted art collector.
Rockefeller, a Republican, was politically moderate. In his time, moderates in the Republican party were called "Rockefeller Republicans". As Governor of New York from 1959 to 1973 his achievements included the expansion of the State University of New York, efforts to protect the environment, the building of the Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza in Albany, increased facilities and personnel for medical care, and creation of the New York State Council on the Arts. After unsuccessfully seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 1960, 1964, and 1968, he served as Vice President (under the 25th Amendment) from 1974 to 1977 under President Gerald R. Ford. Ford ascended to the presidency following the August 1974 resignation of Richard Nixon, over the Watergate Scandal, and Ford selected Rockefeller as his own replacement. But Rockefeller did not join the 1976 Republican national ticket with President Ford, marking his retirement from politics.
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Nikki Haley
Nimrata Nikki Randhawa Haley (Born on January 20, 1972), an American politician, is the 116th and current Governor of South Carolina. A member of the Republican Party, Haley represented Lexington County in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2005 to 2010.
In the 2010 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Haley was endorsed for the Republican nomination by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, and the Tea Party movement. On June 8, 2010, she finished first in the four-way Republican primary election with 49% of the vote, but fell short of the 50% required to avoid a runoff election. Haley won the runoff on June 22 with 65%, and proceeded to win the general election by a 51–47% margin.
Haley is the first woman to serve as Governor of South Carolina, and the second Indian-American governor in the country. At the age of 40, Haley is the youngest current governor in the US. Haley signed a law cracking down on illegal immigration in June 2011. She also supports a law requiring photo identification at the polls.
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Norman E. Mack
Norman Edward Mack (July 24, 1858 - December 26, 1932) was editor and publisher of the Buffalo Daily Times. He was also chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1908 through 1912.
He was born July 24, 1855, in West Williams, Ontario. He was editor and publisher of the Buffalo Daily Times. He sold his paper in 1929 to Scripps-Howard for $6,000,000.
He retired in 1931 and died on December 26, 1932 in Buffalo, New York.
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Norman Mineta
Norman Yoshio Mineta, (Japanese: 峯田良雄, Mineta Yoshio; born November 12, 1931) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, Mineta most recently served in President George W. Bush's Cabinet as the United States Secretary of Transportation, the only Democratic Cabinet Secretary in the Bush administration. On June 23, 2006, Mineta announced his resignation after more than five years as Secretary of Transportation, effective July 7, 2006, making him the longest-serving Transportation Secretary in the Department's history. On July 10, 2006, Hill & Knowlton, a public relations firm, announced that Mineta would join it as a partner. On August 10, 2010, it was announced that Mineta would join L&L Energy, Inc as Vice Chairman.
Mineta also served as President Bill Clinton's Secretary of Commerce for the last six months of his term (July 2000–January 2001). Save for a span of five days between the end of Clinton's term and Bush's appointments, Mineta spent nearly six full years as a Cabinet member.
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Ogden Hoffman
Ogden Hoffman (October 13, 1794 – May 1, 1856) was an American lawyer and politician.
Hoffman was the son of New York State Attorney General Josiah Ogden Hoffman and Mary (Colden) Hoffman. He pursued classical studies and graduated from Columbia College in 1812. He served for three years in the Navy and was warranted a midshipman in 1814.
He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1818 and commenced practice in Goshen, New York. He was District Attorney of Orange County from May 1823 to January 1826. Then he returned to New York City and became the law partner of Hugh Maxwell, at the time D.A. of New York.
Hoffman was a member of the New York State Assembly, from Orange County in 1826, and from New York County in 1828. He was D.A. of New York County from 1829 to 1835. After the removal of the federal deposits from the Second Bank of the United States in 1833, he abandoned Tammany Hall and the Democratic Party, and joined the Whigs. In 1836, Hoffman defended Richard P. Robinson at his trial for the murder of Helen Jewett, and got his client acquitted.
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P. J. Kennedy
Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy (January 14, 1858 – May 18, 1929) was an American politician. He was the father of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., and paternal grandfather to United States President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and Senator Edward M. Kennedy.
P.J., born in Boston, was the youngest of five children born to Irish Roman Catholic immigrants Patrick Kennedy and Bridget Murphy, who were both from New Ross, County Wexford, and married in Boston on September 26, 1849. The couple's first son, John, died of cholera in infancy. Months after P.J.'s birth, his father also succumbed to the infectious cholera epidemic that infested the family's East Boston neighborhood. As the only surviving male, P.J. was the first Kennedy to receive a formal education. At the age of fourteen, P.J. left school to work on the Boston docks as a stevedore to help support his mother and three older sisters. In the 1880s, with money he had saved from his modest earnings, he launched a business career by buying a saloon in Haymarket Square downtown. In time, he bought a second establishment by the East Boston docks. Next, to capitalize on the social drinking of upper-class Boston, P.J. purchased a third bar in an upscale East Boston hotel, the Maverick House. Before he was thirty, his growing prosperity allowed him to buy a whiskey-importing business.
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Patrick J. Kennedy
Patrick Joseph Kennedy II (born July 14, 1967) is the former U.S. Representative for Rhode Island's 1st congressional district, serving from 1995 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes all of Bristol County and Newport County, and parts of Providence County. Kennedy did not seek re-election in 2010.
A member of the Kennedy family, he is a son of the late U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy from Massachusetts. At the time of his father's death, he was the last remaining member of the Kennedy family to serve in an elective office in Washington.
Kennedy was born in 1967 to Virginia Joan Kennedy (née Bennett) and Edward Moore Kennedy, Sr. (known as "Ted") in Brighton, Massachusetts, the third of three children, after Kara Anne Kennedy (born 1960- died 2011) and Edward Moore Kennedy, Jr. (born 1961). Patrick was named after his paternal great-grandfather, Patrick Joseph Kennedy, known as "P.J.", a Massachusetts State Senator during the late 1800s.
He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts in 1986, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Providence College in Providence, Rhode Island in 1991.
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Peter Lawford
Peter Sydney Ernest Aylen (7 September 1923 – 24 December 1984), better known as Peter Lawford, was an English-American actor.
He was a member of the "Rat Pack" and brother-in-law to US President John F. Kennedy, perhaps more noted in later years for his off-screen activities as a celebrity than for his acting. In his earlier professional years (late 1930s through the 1950s) he had a strong presence in popular culture and starred in a number of highly acclaimed films.
Born in London in 1923, he was the only child of Lieutenant-General Sir Sydney Turing Barlow Lawford KBE (1865-1953) and May Aylen (née May Sommerville Bunny, 1883-1972). At the time of Lawford's birth, however, his mother was married to her second husband, Dr. Capt. Ernest Vaughn Aylen, one of Sir Sidney's officers, while his father was married to the former Muriel Williams. After Peter's birth, his mother confessed to Aylen that the child was not his, a revelation that resulted in a double divorce. Sir Sydney and May Aylen then wed in September 1924, after their divorces were finalized and when their son was one year old.
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Peter R. Livingston
Peter Robert Livingston (October 3, 1766 – January 19, 1847 Rhinebeck, New York) was an American politician who served as Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York from February to October 1828.
He was the son of Robert James Livingston (1725–1771) and Susanna (Smith) Livingston (1729–1791, daughter of Chief Justice William Smith). He married Joanna Livingston (1759–1827; sister of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston and Edward Livingston).
He was a member of the New York State Senate (Southern D.) from 1815 to 1822, sitting in the 39th, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 44th and 45th New York State Legislatures. In 1823, he was a member of the New York State Assembly (Dutchess Co.), and was elected Speaker. From 1826 to 1829, he was again a member of the State Senate (2nd D.), sitting in the 49th, 50th, 51st and 52nd New York State Legislatures. In 1828, when Lieutenant Governor Nathaniel Pitcher succeeded to the governorship after the death of Gov. DeWitt Clinton, Livingston was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and became Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York.
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Peter Shumlin
Peter Elliott Shumlin (born March 24, 1956) is the 81st and current Governor of Vermont. He represented the Windham Vermont Senate District for 8 terms (1992–2002, 2006–2011). He was elected the Governor in the 2010 election.
Shumlin went to high school at the Buxton School, and he graduated from Wesleyan University in 1979. Shumlin served on the Putney Selectboard in the 1980s and helped found Landmark College, which is located in Putney. The college was created to help people with learning disabilities gain a college education. Shumlin's father, George, a third generation American, was Jewish and descended from immigrants from Russia; Shumlin's mother, Kitty, is an immigrant who grew up in a Protestant family.
Shumlin was appointed by Democratic Gov. Madeleine Kunin to fill a vacancy in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1990 through 1992 in Putney. In 1992, he was elected to the State Senate and was soon elected Senate Minority Leader by his caucus. In 1994, Shumlin led his Senate caucus to win back control of the Senate and became President Pro Tempore.
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Peter Vallone, Sr.
Peter F. Vallone, Sr. (born December 13, 1934 in New York City) is an American politician.
His father, Judge Charles J. Vallone (1901–1967) of the Queens County Civil Court, encouraged young Peter to broaden his horizons beyond the limited social interactions with other ethnic and religious groups than were encouraged in the pre-Vatican II era. His mother, Leah Vallone, was a teacher and a Democratic State Committeewoman. His wife, Tena, and he have three children (Peter Vallone Jr., Paul and Perry). They also have 8 grandchildren.[1]
Peter Vallone attended Fordham University, where he received his BSS (1956) and his LLB (1959).
A former Democratic New York City Councilman who represented Astoria, Queens from 1974 to 2001, he was the second most powerful official in New York City's government, after the mayor, when he became the city's first Speaker of the City Council in 1986.[2] He held that position until Gifford Miller took over in 2002.
Vallone drafted changes to the City Charter in 1989 that he claimed allowed the NYC Council greater say in the matters of the budget.
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Phil Bryant
Dewey Phillip "Phil" Bryant (born December 9, 1954) is an American politician from Mississippi. Bryant is the 64th and current Governor of Mississippi, having defeated the Democratic Party candidate, Johnny DuPree in the 2011 general election. He previously served as the 31st Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi, having defeated the Democratic Party candidate, Representative Jamie Franks, in the 2007 general election. On November 8, 2011, he was elected Governor of Mississippi and assumed office on January 10, 2012.
Born in Moorhead, Mississippi, Bryant was raised in Sunflower County, Mississippi in the Delta region, the son of Dewey C. and Estelle R. Bryant. His father was a diesel mechanic. Bryant's family moved to Jackson where Dewey C. Bryant worked for Jackson Mack Sales and later Dewey Phil Bryant also worked at this business as Service Manager. The year he was elected to the legislature he employed himself as an insurance investigator. Bryant holds undergraduate degrees from Hinds Community College and the University of Southern Mississippi. He earned a master's degree at Mississippi College, where he currently (while also serving as Lieutenant Governor) is a professor teaching Mississippi political history.
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Philetus Swift
Philetus Swift (June 26, 1763 Kent, Litchfield County, Connecticut – July 24, 1828 Phelps, Ontario County, New York) was an American politician.
He was the son of Elisha Swift (b. 1731) and Mary Ransom (b. 1738). One of Swift's older brothers was future Brigadier General John Swift. On April 4, 1786, he married his first wife Electra Goodrich in Sharon, Connecticut. On May 22, 1793, he married his second wife Sally Deane (1774–1820?) in Phelps, N.Y., and their son was Deane Swift (1794–1818). On November 26, 1823, he married his third wife Fanny (or Fauna, Fawnia, Faunia) Cole (ca. 1792–1880), and their daughter was Electra Jane Swift (1825-1904).
He was a member of the New York State Assembly from Genesee, Ontario and Allegany Counties in 1807 and 1808, and from Ontario County in 1823.
He fought in the War of 1812, and became a lieutenant colonel.
He was a member from the Western District of the New York State Senate from 1810 to 1815 and from 1816 to 1818. In February 1817, when John Tayler became Acting Governor of New York after the resignation of Daniel D. Tompkins, Swift was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate. He was Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York until July 1, 1817.
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Philip Lader
Philip Lader (born 1946) was the United States Ambassador to the Court of St. James's United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Irelad (1997–2001) and since 2001 has been chairman of WPP Group plc, the global media and communications firm that includes Ogilvy & Mather, J. Walter Thompson, Young & Rubicam, Grey, Hill & Knowlton, Burson-Marseller, Kantar & Group M (with 158,000 people in 2,500 offices in 107 countries).
As a Senior Adviser to Morgan Stanley, he has served on the investment committees of its global real estate and infrastructure funds, as well as the boards of its Russia bank ad several of its private equity portfolio companies (including Songbird plc-Canary Wharf and Executive Offices Group). He was a member of the board of Lloyd's of London (2004-11) (the international insurance market), a director of Marathon Oil, UC Rusal (the world's largest aluminum producer), and AES (the global power company), and a trustee (formerly Vice Chairman) of RAND Corporation, the Smithsonian Museum of American History, The Atlantic Council, and the Salzburg Global Seminar. He is an adviser to [Palantir Technologies], the Silicon Valley "big data" software firm, and formerly was a director of Duck Creek Technologies, the insurance industry software developer, before its 2011 sale to Accenture.
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Pierre Van Cortlandt
Pierre Van Cortlandt (January 10, 1721 – May 1, 1814) was the first Lieutenant Governor of the State of New York.
He was born in New York, the son of Philip Van Cortlandt (1683 -1748) (a son of New York Mayor Stephanus Van Cortlandt) and Catherine DePeyster (a granddaughter of Johannes De Peyster— an ancestor of Abraham DePeyster and Arent Schuyler DePeyster). A great uncle Jacobus Van Cortlandt was mayor of New York City.
Van Cortlandt served briefly in the colonial forces during the American Revolution in spite of efforts by British officials to ensure his loyalty to Great Britain.
Van Cortlandt was Vice President of the 4th New York Provincial Congress which convened as the New York State Constitutional Convention from 1776 to 1777. He lost the election as Lieutenant Governor of New York to George Clinton who was elected both Governor and Lt. Gov. in June 1777, but formally resigned the office of Lt. Gov. when he took office as Governor. Van Cortlandt was elected to the New York State Senate in 1777 and was elected Temporary President of the State Senate, and thus was Acting Lt. Governor. In 1778, Van Cortlandt was elected Lt. Gov. to fill the vacancy, and took office on June 30, 1778. He was re-elected five times, remaining in office until 1795.
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Reuben Fenton
Reuben Eaton Fenton (July 4, 1819 – August 25, 1885) was an American merchant and politician from New York.
The son of a farmer, Fenton was elected a colonel of the New York State Militia in 1840. He became a lumber merchant, and entered politics as a Democrat. He was Supervisor of the Town of Carroll from 1843 to 1850.
He was elected as a Democrat to the 33rd United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1853, to March 4, 1855. In his first term in Congress, Fenton strongly opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 and unsuccessfully tried to persuade President Franklin Pierce and U.S. Secretary of State William L. Marcy to oppose the bill. He was defeated for re-election that year. He was again elected, albeit as a Republican, to the 35th, 36th, 37th and 38th United States Congresses, and served from 1857 to 1865.
He was Governor of New York from 1865 to 1868, elected in 1864 and 1866. In 1868, he was among the candidates to be Vice President but the nomination went eventually to Schuyler Colfax. In January 1869, he was elected a U.S. Senator from New York and served from 1869 to 1875. In 1872 he was among the Republicans opposed to President Ulysses S. Grant who joined the short-lived Liberal Republican Party.
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Richard H. Balch
Richard Horrocks Balch (March 2, 1901 - March 15, 1984) was an upstate New York businessman and political figure.
He was born on March 2, 1901 in Brooklyn, New York and graduated from Utica Free Academy in 1917. He was a 1921 graduate of Williams College, and a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.
From 1927 to 1942 Balch was Vice President of the Horrocks-Ibbotson Company, the world's largest fishing tackle manufacturer, and he was President of the company from 1942 until his 1968 retirement.
He was a civic activist, serving on Utica's Board of Education, Water Resources Board, Red Cross, and Chamber of Commerce, and was a founder of Utica College. Balch was also a leader of the Oneida County group that carried out a successful effort in the 1940s and 1950s to attract new industry to the area to replace textiles mills that had relocated to the southern states.
Balch was active in the Democratic party, attending several conventions as an alternate or delegate, including the national conventions of 1940 (alternate), 1944, 1948, 1952 and 1964. In 1943 he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Mayor of Utica, and in 1944 he was elected Chairman of the city's Democratic committee.
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Richard Holbrooke
Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke (April 24, 1941 – December 13, 2010) was an American diplomat, magazine editor, author, professor, Peace Corps official, and investment banker.
He was the only person to have held the position of Assistant Secretary of State for two different regions of the world (Asia from 1977 to 1981 and Europe from 1994 to 1996).
From 1993 to 1994, he was U.S. Ambassador to Germany. Long well known in diplomatic and journalistic circles, Holbrooke achieved great public prominence when he, together with former Swedish prime minister Carl Bildt, brokered a peace agreement among the warring factions in Bosnia that led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords, in 1995. Holbrooke was a leading contender to succeed the retiring Warren Christopher as Secretary of State but was passed over as President Bill Clinton chose Madeleine Albright instead. From 1999 to 2001, Holbrooke served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.
He was an adviser to the Presidential campaign of Senator John Kerry in 2004. Holbrooke then joined the Presidential campaign of Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton and became a top foreign policy adviser. Holbrooke was considered a likely candidate for Secretary of State had Kerry or Hillary Clinton been elected President. In January 2009, Holbrooke was appointed as a special adviser on Pakistan and Afghanistan, working under President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, a frustrating assignment which was said to have caused his health to deteriorate. He served until he died from complications of an aortic dissection on December 13, 2010.
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Richard Ravitch
Richard Ravitch (born July 7, 1933) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 75th Lieutenant Governor of New York from 2009 to 2010. He was appointed to the position in July 2009 by New York Governor David Paterson. A native of New York City, he earned a law degree from Yale Law School and has worked in his family's real estate development business, a number of government and government-appointed positions, including with the New York State Urban Development Corporation and Metropolitan Transportation Authority, and in private industry, including tenures as chairman of the Bowery Savings Bank and as the chief owner representative in labor negotiations for Major League Baseball.
Richard Ravitch (no middle name) was born July 7, 1933 in New York City, the son of Saul (d. 1952) and Sylvia (née Lerner, d. 1974) Ravitch. His father was a co-founder of HRH Construction Corporation, which eventually grew to have offices in New York, Los Angeles, Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico. The firm had begun building in Manhattan in the late nineteenth century, and by 1965 had built more than $1 billion worth of projects, including Columbia University Law School and New York University Hospital. Ravitch is a member of the third generation of the family to run the company.
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Richard Riley
Richard Wilson Riley (born January 2, 1933), American politician, was United States Secretary of Education under President Bill Clinton and the 111th Governor of South Carolina. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Riley served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1963 to 1966. He served in the South Carolina Senate from 1967 to 1977. Riley was elected governor of South Carolina in 1978. During his first term, the state constitution was amended to allow governors to serve two terms. Riley was re-elected in 1982, and served until 1987. Riley's chief accomplishment was improving funding and support for education.
As Governor, Riley presided over resumption of executions, despite his personal opposition to the death penalty.
In 1993, President Bill Clinton appointed Riley to his Cabinet as Secretary of Education. Riley served in this post until Clinton left office in 2001. Also in 1993, Clinton approached Riley about an appointment to the United States Supreme Court, which Riley turned down. Clinton ultimately appointed Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Since then, he has served as a partner in the law firm of Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, and served as a board member of the Albert Shanker Institute. On June 27, 2007 he endorsed Hillary Clinton for President and served as a Campaign Co-Chair.
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Richard Varick
Richard Varick was an American lawyer and politician. He was born on March 15, 1753 at Hackensack in Bergen County, New Jersey, and he died on July 30, 1831 at Jersey City in Hudson County, New Jersey.
At the outset of the American Revolution, he was studying law at King's College (the former name of Columbia University) in New York City. He suspended his studies and became a captain in the militia. On June 28, 1775, he was appointed captain of the 1st New York Regiment. He served under General Philip Schuyler in various posts until after the Battle of Saratoga when he was appointed inspector-general of West Point.
At West Point, he became an aide to General Benedict Arnold. Although he was no longer serving in this capacity when Arnold defected to the British, Varick, along with David Franks was arrested. They were subsequently cleared by a court of inquiry. After the West Point incident, Varick served under General George Washington as private secretary until the end of the war.
Varick was Recorder of New York from 1784 to 1789, and New York State Attorney General from 1788 to 1789. He was Mayor of New York City from 1789 to 1801. Along with Samuel Jones, Varick revised and standardized the statutes of New York (1788). He was a member of the New York State Assembly from New York County from 1786 to 1788, and he was Speaker during the sessions of 1787 and 1788. Meanwhile, he served as a colonel in the state militia.
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Rick Perry
James Richard "Rick" Perry (born March 4, 1950) is the 47th and current Governor of Texas. Perry, a Republican, was elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and assumed the governorship in December 2000 when then-governor George W. Bush resigned to become President of the United States. Perry was elected to full gubernatorial terms in 2002, 2006 and 2010. With a tenure in office to date of &1000000000000001100000011 years, &10000000000000188000000188 days, Perry is the longest continuously serving current U.S. governor, and the second longest serving current U.S. governor—after Terry Branstad of Iowa. Perry served as Chairman of the Republican Governors Association in 2008 (succeeding Sonny Perdue of Georgia) and again in 2011. Perry is the longest serving governor in Texas state history. As a result, he is the only governor in modern Texas history to have appointed at least one person to every eligible state office, board, or commission position (as well as to several elected offices to which the governor can appoint someone to fill an unexpired term, such as six of the nine current members of the Texas Supreme Court).
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Rick Scott
Richard Lynn "Rick" Scott (born December 1, 1952) is a businessman and the 45th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Florida. He served in the U.S. Navy and then went into business. He earned a business degree and law degree and joined a Dallas firm where he became partner. His net worth was almost $219 million USD in 2010, but by 2011 was estimated at $103 million. He spent an estimated $75 million of his own money on his successful 2010 run for Governor of Florida.
In 1987, at age 34, he co-founded Columbia Hospital Corporation with two business partners; this merged with Hospital Corporation of America in 1989 to form Columbia/HCA and eventually became the largest private for-profit health care company in the U.S. He resigned as Chief Executive of Columbia/HCA in 1997 amid a controversy over the company's business and Medicare billing practices; the company ultimately admitted to fourteen felonies and agreed to pay the federal government over $600 million; Scott was not implicated. Scott later became a venture capitalist.
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Rick Snyder
Richard Dale "Rick" Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American business executive, venture capitalist, and Governor of Michigan. A member of the Republican Party, he assumed office as the 48th governor of Michigan on January 1, 2011. From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board of Gateway, Inc., based in Irvine, California. Previous to his election as governor, he was chairman of the board, chief executive officer, and co-founder of Ann Arbor, Michigan-based venture capital firm Ardesta LLC. Snyder has been mentioned as a possible pick to be the Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012. Snyder's business executive background and positive style have been cited as assets, with his accomplishments seen as strengthening the case for electing Mitt Romney as President.
Snyder was born in Battle Creek, Michigan, the son of Helen Louella "Pody" and Dale F. Snyder. Snyder earned his B.G.S., M.B.A., and J.D. from the University of Michigan by age 23. When he was 16, he took a business class at Kellogg Community College on weekends. By his senior year of high school, Snyder earned 23 college credits. Snyder visited the admissions office of the University of Michigan in November 1975 and spoke with the admissions director, who recommended that Snyder attend Michigan and create his own degree.
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Robert Abrams
Robert Abrams (born July 4, 1938 in The Bronx, New York City) is an American lawyer and politician.
He graduated from Columbia College and the New York University School of Law. He is considered a member of the reform wing of the Democratic Party.
Abrams was a member of the New York State Assembly representing the Bronx from 1966 to 1969. From 1970 to 1979, he was the Bronx Borough President and an ex officio member of the New York City Board of Estimate.
He was a delegate to the 1972, 1976, 1980 and 1984 Democratic National Conventions. In 1988, he was a presidential elector.
Abrams was New York State Attorney General from 1979 to 1993.
In 1992, he sought election to the United States Senate, to challenge Republican Senator Al D'Amato. He won the Democratic Primary, defeating former Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro, Rev. Al Sharpton, and New York City Comptroller Elizabeth Holtzman. The nomination battle was well known for its bitterness, particularly Holtzman and Abrams' attack on Ferraro's questionable associations which Ferraro interpreted as anti-Italian slurs. After Abrams emerged as the nominee, the Democrats remained divided and he was unable to secure Ferraro's endorsement until the last days of the campaign. Abrams was also criticized for calling D'Amato a fascist, and he narrowly lost the general election as a result of these controversies.
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Robert C. Weaver
Robert Clifton Weaver (December 29, 1907 – July 17, 1997) served as the first United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (also known as HUD) from 1966 to 1968. He was the first African American to hold a cabinet-level position in the United States.
As a young man, Weaver had been one of 45 prominent African Americans appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his Black Cabinet. He acted as an informal adviser to Roosevelt as well as directing federal programs during the New Deal.
Weaver was born on December 29, 1907 into a middle-class family in Washington, D.C. His parents were Morgan Weaver, a postal worker, and Margaret Freeman, of mixed-race ancestry; they encouraged the boy in his academic studies. His maternal grandfather was Dr. Freeman, the first black to graduate from Harvard in dentistry.
The young Weaver attended the M Street School, now known as the Paul Dunbar High School. The academic high school for blacks at a time of racial segregation had a national reputation for excellence. Weaver went on to Harvard University, where he earned his B.S., M.A., and Ph.D. in economics, completing his doctorate in 1934.
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Robert Coldwell Wood
Robert Coldwell Wood (September 16, 1923 – April 1, 2005) was an American political scientist, administrator, and professor of political science at MIT. He led the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, the University of Massachusetts and the Boston Public Schools
Wood was born in St Louis, Missouri, and won a scholarship to Princeton University, interrupting his studies during World War II to served in the United States Army. Wood saw action during the Battle of the Bulge, won a Bronze Star, and rose to the rank of sergeant. After graduating from Princeton, Wood earned three degrees from Harvard: a master's in public administration and a master's and a doctorate in government.
Wood taught political science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1959 to 1965. From 1965 to 1969 he served as undersecretary, and following the resignation of Robert Weaver, later Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (for 13 days) in the cabinet of Lyndon Baines Johnson. Here he was involved in implementing the Model Cities program in 1966 and the Fair Housing Act in 1968.
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Robert F. Wagner
Robert Ferdinand Wagner I (June 8, 1877 – May 4, 1953) was an American politician. He was a Democratic U.S. Senator from New York from 1927 to 1949.
He was born in Nastätten, then in the Province Hesse-Nassau, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire (now in Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Federal Republic of Germany) and immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1885. His family settled in New York City's Yorkville neighborhood, and Wagner attended the public schools. He graduated from the College of the City of New York (now named City College) in 1898 where he was a brother of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and from New York Law School in 1900. He was admitted to the bar in 1900.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1905 to 1908, and of the New York State Senate from 1909 to 1918. He was President pro tempore of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1914, and became Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York after the impeachment of Governor William Sulzer, and the succession of Lt. Gov. Martin H. Glynn to the governorship. In 1914, while Wagner remained President pro tem, John F. Murtaugh was chosen Majority Leader of the State Senate, the only time before 2009 that the two offices were not held by the same person. After the Democrats lost their Senate majority, Wagner was Senate minority leader from January 1915 until he retired in 1918.
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Robert J. Bentley
Robert Julian Bentley (born February 3, 1943) is an American politician, medical doctor, and the 53rd and current Governor of Alabama. He assumed the governorship on January 17, 2011, having defeated Democrat Ron Sparks, the outgoing Alabama Commissioner of Agriculture, in the 2010 Alabama gubernatorial election. Bentley received just over 58% of the statewide vote and won by a margin of over 230,000 votes.
Bentley is a native of Columbiana, Alabama, in Shelby County. His parents, Mattie Boyd (née Vick) and David Harford Bentley, did not complete school past junior high. Bentley grew up in Columbiana, where he was a member of Shelby County High School's 1961 state championship debate team, and he became student body president in his senior year of high school.
After graduating from Shelby County High School at the top of his class, Bentley enrolled at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. While at Alabama, Bentley majored in Chemistry and Biology and graduated with his Bachelor of Science degree in three years.
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Robert M. Morgenthau
Robert Morris Morgenthau ( /ˈmɔrɡənθɔː/ MORG-ən-thaw; born July 31, 1919) is an American lawyer. From 1975 until his retirement in 2009, he was the District Attorney for New York County, the borough of Manhattan.
Robert Morris Morgenthau was born in 1919 in New York City into a prominent Ashkenazi Jewish family that had emigrated from Baden in 1866. He is the son of long-time Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr. His grandfather Henry Morgenthau, Sr. was United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Before going into diplomatic service, Henry Morgenthau, Sr. had made a fortune in real estate and then became a strong financial backer of President Woodrow Wilson. His grandmother was born in Montgomery, Alabama. From his earliest days, Robert Morris Morgenthau was well-connected politically. The Morgenthau family home was near Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Springwood Estate at Hyde Park, New York, and he grew up knowing Roosevelt.
After graduating from the New Lincoln School, Deerfield Academy, and Amherst College, he enlisted in the United States Navy, serving for four and a half years, during World War II. He attained the final rank of Lieutenant Commander and served as the executive officer of both the USS Lansdale and the USS Harry F. Bauer. He saw action in both the Mediterranean and Pacific theaters, mostly aboard destroyers. Morgenthau graduated from Yale Law School in 1948 and joined the New York law firm of Patterson, Belknap & Webb, becoming a partner in 1954.
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Robert Reich
Robert Bernard Reich ( /ˈraɪʃ/; born June 24, 1946) is an American political economist, professor, author, and political commentator. He served in the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter and was Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.
Reich is currently Chancellor's Professor of Public Policy at the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley. He was formerly a professor at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and professor of social and economic policy at the Heller School for Social Policy and Management of Brandeis University. He has also been a contributing editor of The New Republic, The American Prospect (also chairman and founding editor), Harvard Business Review, The Atlantic, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal.
Reich is a political commentator on programs including Hardball with Chris Matthews, This Week with George Stephanopoulos, CNBC's Kudlow & Company, and APM's Marketplace. In 2008, Time Magazine named him one of the Ten Best Cabinet Members of the century, and The Wall Street Journal in 2008 placed him sixth on its list of the "Most Influential Business Thinkers". He was appointed a member of President-elect Barack Obama's economic transition advisory board.
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Robert S. Smith
Robert Sherlock Smith (born August 31, 1944) is an Associate Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, New York's highest court.
Smith was born in New York City in 1944, and grew up in Massachusetts and Connecticut. He graduated from Stanford University in 1965 and from Columbia Law School in 1968, where he was editor-in-chief of the law review.
From 1968 to 2003 he practiced law in New York City with the firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, taking a one-year leave of absence in 1980-81 to serve as Visiting Professor from Practice at Columbia Law School.
In private practice, Smith was best known for representing a shopping center in a case, Shad Alliance v. Smith Haven Mall, that established that the right of free speech does not apply in shopping centers; for representing United Airlines' pilots' union in its attempt to take over United Airlines; and for arguing two death penalty appeals before the United States Supreme Court.
On November 4, 2003, he was appointed by Governor George Pataki to the Court of Appeals. During his first year, he emerged as the court's most vigorous questioner from the bench.
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Rodney E. Slater
Rodney Earl Slater (born in Marianna, Arkansas on February 23, 1955) was the United States Secretary of Transportation under U. S. President Bill Clinton.
Slater graduated from Eastern Michigan University in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor degree from The University of Arkansas in 1980.
Slater became a research assistant to the State Judiciary Committee of the Arkansas Constitutional Convention in 1979 - 1980, an assistant attorney general for the state of Arkansas in 1980. He was appointed to several state government positions in Arkansas by Bill Clinton. Positions included assistant to the governor between 1983-87, and member of the Arkansas State Highway Commission between 1987-93. Slater was also the director of governmental affairs for Arkansas State University during that time.
After Clinton was elected president, 1993 Slater became the first African-American Director of the Federal Highway Administration.
In 1997, Slater was appointed to be the Secretary of Transportation. He was the second African American to hold that post.
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Ronald Canestrari
Ronald J. "Ron" Canestrari (born May 22, 1943) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly representing Assembly District 106, which includes parts of Albany, Rensselaer and Saratoga counties, sections of the cities of Albany and Troy, and all of the cities of Cohoes and Rensselaer.
A native of Cohoes, Canestrari attended public schools in Cohoes and later graduated from Christian Brothers Academy in Albany. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Fordham College in 1965, followed by a Juris Doctor degree from Fordham University School of Law in 1968. He was an enlisted member of the United States Army from 1969 to 1971, and worked as an attorney for the federal government and the Army.
Canestrari served as mayor of Cohoes from 1976 until 1989. During his tenure as mayor, he was an active member of the New York State Conference of Mayors and served as the organization's president.
He has been an Assemblyman since 1989. Canestrari has served as the Chairman of the Higher Education Committee as well as a member of standing committees on Banks, Labor, Local Governments, Rules, and Ways and Means. In 2007, he became Majority Leader of the State Assembly. He ran uncontested in the 2008 and 2010 general elections.
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Rory Kennedy
Rory Elizabeth Katherine Kennedy (born December 12, 1968) is an American documentary filmmaker and producer. She is the youngest of the eleven children of U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy and his wife Ethel (née Skakel).
Kennedy was born in Washington, D.C. six months after her father was assassinated. She graduated from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island.
In the 1990s, Kennedy and fellow Brown classmate Vanessa Vadim (daughter of Roger Vadim and Jane Fonda) formed May Day Media, a non-profit organization that specializes in the production and distribution of films with a social conscience, based in Washington, D.C.
In 1998 Kennedy and fellow Brown graduate Liz Garbus founded Moxie Firecracker Films which specializes in documentaries that highlight pressing social issues. The television networks that have shown its films include:
She directed and co-produced American Hollow (1999) about a struggling Appalachian family which received critical acclaim and many awards. HBO broadcast the film and publisher Little, Brown and Company released Kennedy's companion book simultaneously.
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Rosemary Kennedy
Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy (September 13, 1918 – January 7, 2005) was the third child and first daughter of Rose Elizabeth Kennedy née Fitzgerald and Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr., born little more than a year after her brother, future U.S. President John F. Kennedy. She underwent a prefrontal lobotomy at age 23, which left her permanently incapacitated.
She was born into an Irish American family at her parents' home in Brookline, Massachusetts, and named Rose Marie Kennedy after her mother but was commonly called Rosemary. To her family, she was known as Rosie.
Rose sent Rosemary to the Sacred Heart Convent in Elmhurst, Providence, Rhode Island at age 15, where she was educated separately from the other students. Two nuns and a special teacher, Miss Newton, worked with her all day in a separate classroom. The Kennedys gave the school a new tennis court for their efforts.< Rosemary "read, wrote, spelled and counted" like a fourth-grader. She studied and studied but felt she disappointed her parents, whom she wanted to please. Her mother arranged for her brother Jack to accompany her to a tea-dance where, thanks to him, she appeared "not different at all".
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Roswell P. Flower
Roswell Pettibone Flower (August 7, 1835 – May 12, 1899) was Governor of New York from 1892 to 1894.
He was a son of Nathan Monroe Flower and Mary Ann Flower, the sixth of nine children.
In 1853, he became Deputy Postmaster of Watertown, New York, at a salary of $600 a year, and after six years had saved $1,000 and opened with a partner a jewelry store. Two years later, he bought his partner out, and continued in this business until 1869.
In 1869, Henry Keep, a former President of the New York Central Railroad, was dying and asked Roswell Flower, whose wife was a sister of Keep's wife Emma, to manage the $4,000,000 estate for his widow. Flower asked Keep for guidance on who he could trust, and named a business associate, Daniel Drew. Keep replied, "He is as honest a man as there is in the State of New York, but for fear that somebody else will cheat, he will always begin first." The business brought Flower to New York City where he became known as a shrewd financial administrator, and opened the banking house of R. P. Flower & Co.
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Rudy Giuliani
Rudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani ( /ˈruːdi ˌdʒuːliˈɑːni/; born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, and politician from New York. He served as Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001.
A Democrat and Independent in the 1970s, and a Republican since the 1980s, Giuliani served in the United States Attorney's Office, for the Southern District of New York, eventually becoming U.S. Attorney. He prosecuted a number of high-profile cases, including ones against organized crime and Wall Street financiers.
Giuliani served two terms as Mayor of New York City, having run on the Republican and Liberal lines. He was credited with initiating improvements and with a reduction in crime pressing the city's quality of life initiatives. He ran for the United States Senate in 2000 but withdrew due to being diagnosed with prostate cancer and revelations about his personal life. Giuliani gained international attention for his leadership during and after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. For those actions, he received an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 2002.
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Sam Brownback
Samuel Dale "Sam" Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is an American politician who has been the 46th Governor of Kansas since January 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Representative for Kansas's 2nd congressional district from 1995 to 1996 and then as a U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1996 to 2011. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election, withdrawing before the primaries.
Sam Brownback was born in Garnett, Kansas, the son of Nancy and Glenn Robert Brownback. He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas; his distant ancestors, of German descent, settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War. Brownback was state president of the Kansas FFA Association, and was one of the national vice presidents of the National FFA Organization from 1976 to 1977. While at Kansas State University, he was elected student body president and was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho. He received his J.D. from the University of Kansas in 1982.
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Samuel A. Talcott
Samuel Austin Talcott (December 31, 1789 Hartford, Hartford County, Connecticut – March 19, 1836 New York City) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the son of Samuel Talcott (1740-1798, grandson of Joseph Talcott, Colonial Governor of Connecticut) and Abigail Ledyard Talcott. On May 28, 1810, he married Rachel Skinner; their son was John Ledyard Talcott (b. 1812), a justice of the New York Supreme Court.
He practiced law at New Hartford, New York. There he married in 1818 his second wife, Mary Eliza Stanley (1800-1848), and their son was Thomas Grosvenor Talcott (1819-1870).
He was a leading member of the Albany Regency, and was New York State Attorney General from 1821 to 1829 when he was forced to resign "due to irregular habits", a then used euphemism for what is now called a "drinking problem". Afterward he practiced law in New York City.
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Samuel Beardsley
Samuel Beardsley (February 6, 1790 Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York - May 6, 1860 Utica, Oneida County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He taught school, studied law in Rome, New York and served as a lieutenant in the War of 1812, taking part in the defense of Sackets Harbor in 1813. He was admitted to the bar in 1815 and commenced practice in Watertown, New York. He was a judge advocate of the New York State Militia. In 1816 he returned to Rome, N.Y., and continued the practice of law. He moved to Utica in 1823.
He was a member of the New York State Senate in 1823. He was United States Attorney for the Northern District of New York from 1823 to 1830. He was elected as a Jacksonian to the 22nd, 23rd and 24th United States Congresses and served from March 4, 1831, to March 29, 1836, when he resigned. During the Twenty-fourth Congress he was chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary.
In 1836, Beardsley was elected by the New York State Legislature to the office of New York State Attorney General after his predecessor Greene C. Bronson became a justice of the New York Supreme Court. He was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth United States Congress and served from March 4, 1843, to February 29, 1844, when he resigned to accept the appointment as associate justice of the New York Supreme Court. He sat on the bench from 1844 to 1847, and was Chief Justice from June 29 to July 5, 1847. Afterwards he resumed the practice of law.
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Samuel J. Tilden
Samuel Jones Tilden (February 9, 1814 – August 4, 1886) was the Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the disputed election of 1876, one of the most controversial American elections of the 19th century. He was the 25th Governor of New York. A political reformer, he was a Bourbon Democrat who worked closely with the New York City business community, led the fight against the corruption of Tammany Hall, and fought to keep taxes low. Tilden was the first candidate for the Presidency of the United States not to be elected despite receiving an absolute majority of the votes.
Tilden was born in New Lebanon in New York State. He was descended from Nathaniel Tilden, an early English settler who came to America in 1634. He studied law at Yale, then transferred to New York University where he graduated in 1837. He was admitted to the bar in 1841, becoming a skilled corporate lawyer, with many railroad companies as clients in the shaky railroad boom decade of the 1850s. His legal practice, combined with shrewd investments, made him rich.
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Samuel Pierce
Samuel Riley Pierce, Jr. (September 8, 1922 – October 31, 2000) was Ronald Reagan's Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
Pierce was an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. Pierce was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity and Alpha Phi Omega service fraternity. He was also elected to Cornell's oldest senior honor society, the Sphinx Head Society. Pierce served in the United States Army's Criminal Investigation Division during World War II. Pierce graduated from Cornell University in 1947 and received a law degree from Cornell Law School in 1949. He earned a Master of Laws degree from New York University School of Law in 1952.
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Sandra Lee (cook)
Sandra Lee (born Sandra Lee Christiansen on July 3, 1966) is an American television cook and author. She is known for her "Semi-Homemade" cooking concept, which allegedly involves 70 percent pre-packaged products with 30 percent fresh items.
Lee and her sister Cindy lived with their paternal grandmother, Lorraine. By 1972, her parents had divorced; her mother remarried, moving them to Sumner, Washington. When Lee was 11, her mother divorced for a second time. Lee then took on the role of mother for her four younger siblings. Her responsibilities included buying groceries, preparing the meals, and handling the family finances. She graduated from Onalaska High School in Onalaska, Wisconsin. Lee attended the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. She later attended Le Cordon Bleu in Ottawa, Canada for one week.
In the early 1990s, Lee created a product called "Sandra Lee Kraft Kurtains", a home decorating tool that used a wire rack and sheets or other fabric samples to create decorative drapery. The product was sold via infomercials and cable shopping networks. Home-shopping network QVC hired her as on-air talent; in her first 18 months on the network, Lee sold $20 million worth of products.
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Sanford E. Church
Sanford Elias Church (April 18, 1815, Milford, Otsego County, New York – May 13, 1880 Albion, Orleans County, New York) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He served as chief judge of the New York Court of Appeals for a decade.
His parents, of English and Scotch descent, removed from Otsego to Monroe County, New York when he was still a child, and his education was obtained entirely in the common schools of that county and at the Monroe Academy. From 1835 on he resided in Albion, N.Y., with the exception of a brief residence in Rochester, New York.
He studied law with Benjamin L. Bessac, who subsequently was his law partner until 1843. Then he associated himself with Noah Davis. This firm continued for a period of thirteen years. On its dissolution the firm of Church & Sawyer was established at Albion. About 1862, he took Judge Selden's place in the firm of Selden, Munger & Thompson, at Rochester; in 1865 the firm became Church, Munger & Cooke, and so continued until Church's elevation to the bench of the New York Court of Appeals.
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Sargent Shriver
Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr., known as Sargent Shriver, R. Sargent Shriver, or, from childhood, Sarge, (/ˈsɑrdʒənt ˈʃraɪvər/; November 9, 1915 – January 18, 2011) was an American statesman and activist. As the husband of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, he was part of the Kennedy family, serving in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Shriver was the driving force behind the creation of the Peace Corps, founded the Job Corps, Head Start and other programs as the "architect" of Johnson's "War on Poverty" and served as the United States Ambassador to France. During the 1972 U.S. presidential election, he was George McGovern's running mate as the Democratic Party's nominee for U.S. Vice President, replacing Thomas Eagleton who had resigned from the ticket.
Shriver was born in Westminster, Maryland, to Robert Sargent Shriver, Sr., and his wife Hilda Shriver. Of partial German ancestry, Shriver was a descendant of David Shriver, who signed the Maryland Constitution and Bill of Rights at Maryland's Constitutional Convention of 1776. He spent his high school years at Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut, which he attended on a full scholarship. He was in Canterbury's baseball, basketball, and football team, became the editor of the school's newspaper, and participated in choral and debating clubs. After he graduated in 1934, Shriver spent the summer in Germany as part of the Experiment in International Living, returning in the fall of 1934 to enter Yale University. He received his bachelor's degree in 1938, having been a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Phi chapter) and the Scroll and Key Society. He was chairman of the Yale Daily News. Shriver then attended Yale Law School, earning an LL.B. degree in 1941.
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Sean Parnell
Sean R. Parnell (born November 19, 1962) is the tenth and current Governor of Alaska. He was elected to a full term as Governor in November 2010. A Republican, he was first sworn in on July 26, 2009 to succeed Sarah Palin after her resignation. He is the first unelected Alaska Governor to be elected in his own right.
Sean Parnell was born in Hanford, California, to Kevin Patrick "Pat" (born September 16, 1937) and Thelma Carol (née Liebherr) Parnell. Pat Parnell was stationed at Fort Richardson, near Anchorage, Alaska, while in the U.S. Army in the late 1950s, and returned to Alaska with his family in 1973, establishing residence in Anchorage. Pat Parnell established a photocopy and office supply business alongside the busy Seward Highway in midtown Anchorage, while Thelma Parnell worked at Bartlett High School and East Anchorage High School, the latter being a short distance from their home. Sean Parnell attended East Anchorage High, graduating in 1980. He has a younger brother named Schöen.
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Sean Patrick Maloney
Sean Patrick Maloney (born 1966) is an American politician from New York State and, in 2006, was a Democratic candidate for state Attorney General. He is the former First Deputy Secretary to the Governor, which made him a senior adviser and Cabinet member of New York Gov. David Paterson. He also served as First Deputy Secretary in the administration of Gov. Eliot Spitzer.
Maloney has been with his partner, Randy Florke (b. 1962), since 1992. They have three adopted children (Jesús, Daley, and Essie) and reside in New York City and Jeffersonville, New York.
Maloney earned his B.A. from the University of Virginia in 1988, and worked in Peru as a volunteer social worker from 1988 to 1989. In 1992, he received his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law.
Maloney was a senior West Wing adviser to President Bill Clinton between 1997 and 2000. Maloney was the youngest person ever to serve as the President's White House Staff Secretary, and was also the highest-ranking openly gay man ever to serve on the White House staff.[citation needed]
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Seymour Lowman
Seymour Lowman (October 7, 1868 Chemung, Chemung County, New York - March 13, 1940) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1925 to 1926.
He was the son of John Lowman (1832–1884) and Fanny (Bixby) Lowman. On September 9, 1893, he married Katherine Harding Smith.
He was admitted to the bar, and practiced at Elmira, New York.
He was a member from Chemung County of the New York State Assembly from 1909 to 1910. He was Chairman of the Chemung County Republican Committee from 1912 to 1934. He was a member of the New York State Senate from the 41st District from 1919 to 1924. He was a delegate to the 1924 and 1932 Republican National Conventions.
He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1925 to 1926, elected in 1924 on the Republican ticket to serve with Democratic Governor Al Smith whose running mate George R. Lunn was defeated. Lowman was the last lieutenant governor of New York who was not the running mate of the elected governor. In 1926, he was defeated for re-election when Al Smith was re-elected with his running mate Edwin Corning.
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Simon W. Rosendale
Simon Wolfe Rosendale (June 23, 1842, Albany, New York — April 22, 1937 Albany, New York) was an American lawyer and politician. Rosendale was the first Jew elected to a statewide elective office in New York.
He graduated from Barre Academy. Then he studied law at the office of Courtney & Cassidy in Albany. He was admitted to the bar in 1863, and became an assistant district attorney of Albany County, New York. In 1868, he was elected Recorder of Albany, and held that office for four years. From 1878 to 1881, he was Corporation Counsel of Albany. In 1881 he formed a partnership with Rufus Wheeler Peckham, and after Peckham's election to the state bench, he continued his law practice with Albert Hessberg.[citation needed]
As a Democrat, he was New York State Attorney General from 1892 to 1893, elected in 1891 but defeated for re-election in 1893.
In 1895, he published The Involution of Wampum as Currency: the Story Told By the Colonial Ordinances of New Netherland, 1641-1662.
Governor Theodore Roosevelt appointed him in 1899 to the State Board of Charities, a post he held for 18 years.
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Stan Lundine
Stanley Nelson Lundine (born February 4, 1939) is a politician from Jamestown, New York who served as Mayor of Jamestown, a United States Representative, and the 71st Lieutenant Governor of New York. A Democrat, he was inaugurated Mayor in 1970 and served to 1976 when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives after the resignation of James F. Hastings in the district representing the Southern Tier of New York State. While he was Mayor Jamestown received national attention as a result of the Labor Management strategy that Lundine implemented. Jamestown, long the center of labor strife, became a model for labor/management co-operation. As a Congressman, Lundine brought his labor/management ideas to Washington, and was instrumental in developing legislation that created labor/management councils and employee stock ownership plans. He focused on finance, banking and economic development policy, and also served on the Science Committee. He was a subcommittee chairman on the House Banking Committee. He graduated from Duke University in 1961 and from the New York University School of Law in 1964. Lundine is the only Democrat to have represented the Western Southern Tier in Congress in the 20th century, and no other Democrats would do so until Democrats Brian Higgins and Eric Massa won both portions of the now-divided district in 2005 and 2009 respectively.
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Stephen B. Cushing
Stephen Booth Cushing (January 1812 Pawling, Dutchess County, New York - June 9, 1868 New York City) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was the posthumous son of Milton Foster Cushing (1787–1811) and Fanny (Nicholas) Cushing (1788–1848). He graduated from Williams College in 1832. He practiced law in Ithaca, New York. In 1836, he married Mary Woodcock (ca. 1815-1868, daughter of David Woodcock).
He was a Democratic member from Tompkins County of the New York State Assembly in 1852. He was New York State Attorney General from 1856 to 1857, elected on the American Party ticket. Afterwards he removed to New York City and practiced law there in partnership with Daniel E. Sickles.
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Stephen Edward Smith
Stephen Edward Smith (September 24, 1927 – August 19, 1990) was the husband of Jean Ann Kennedy. He was a financial analyst and political strategist in the 1960 United States Presidential campaign of his brother-in-law, John F. Kennedy.
Smith was born in Bayport, Long Island, New York, and grew up in the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn. He attended Georgetown University, graduating in 1948 with a bachelor's degree (history). He served, during the Korean War, as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force from 1951–1952.
Smith joined his family's business, Cleary Brothers Inc., which operated tugs and barges on New York's upstate canals and in New York Harbor. He then headed the Park Agency Inc., in Manhattan, where he managed $300 million in Kennedy family investments.
Smith and Jean Ann Kennedy were married May 19, 1956, at which point he became the brother-in-law of future President John F. Kennedy (JFK). Smith managed the family's fortune out of a New York City Office building. Smith was responsible for overseeing the trusts that benefited him and his family as well as the other children and grandchildren of Joe and Rose Kennedy.
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Steve Beshear
Steven Lynn "Steve" Beshear (born September 21, 1944) is an American politician who is the 61st Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A Democrat, Beshear previously served in the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1974 to 1979, was the state's Attorney General from 1980 to 1983, and was the 49th Lieutenant Governor from 1983 to 1987.
After graduating from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1968, Beshear briefly practiced law in New York before returning to Kentucky and being elected to the state legislature, where he gained a reputation as a consumer advocate. He parlayed that reputation into a term as attorney general, serving under Governor John Y. Brown, Jr. As attorney general, Beshear issued an opinion that copies of the Ten Commandments would have to be removed from the walls of the state's classrooms in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Stone v. Graham. He also clashed with first lady Phyllis George Brown when he opposed the practice of charging an admission fee for visitors to view the renovated governor's mansion. In 1983, Beshear was elected lieutenant governor in the administration of Governor Martha Layne Collins. His most significant action in this capacity was the formation of the Kentucky Tomorrow Commission, a panel charged with making recommendations for the future of the state.
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Steve Preston
Steven C. Preston (born August 4, 1960) served as the 14th Secretary of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development from 2008 to 2009 and the 22nd Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2006 until his appointment as HUD Secretary. Before entering public service, Preston spent nearly 25 years in financial and operational leadership positions in the private sector.
Preston grew up in Janesville, Wisconsin and attended Parker High School where he was class valedictorian, president of the student congress, and a varsity wrestler. His mother grew up in Germany during and after World War II and his father was born in an Appalachian coal-mining camp. Preston has four siblings.
Preston earned a B.A. with Highest Distinction in political science from Northwestern University in 1982 and an MBA from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 1985.
During the first half of his private sector career, Preston worked in investment banking and corporate finance. Preston joined Lehman Brothers in 1985, ultimately serving as a Senior Vice President in the Investment Banking Department.
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Stewart L. Woodford
Stewart Lyndon Woodford (September 3, 1835 New York City - February 14, 1913) was an American politician.
He studied at Yale University and Columbia College (now Columbia University). At the latter he graduated in 1854 and was a member of St. Anthony Hall. Then he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1857, and commenced practice in New York City.
In 1860 he was chosen messenger of the electoral college of his state to convey to Washington its vote in favor of the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. In 1861 he was appointed U. S. assistant district attorney for the southern district of New York, holding this office about eighteen months.
In 1862 he entered the Union army as a volunteer, serving until 1865, during which time he became in succession chief-of-staff to Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore in the Department of the South, and military commandant of Charleston, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia. He became colonel of the 103rd Regiment of U.S. Colored Infantry. On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Woodford for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from May 12, 1865 and the U. S. Senate confirmed the award on March 12, 1866.
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Susan Phillips Read
Susan Phillips Read (born June 27, 1947) is a Republican judge on New York State's Court of Appeals, having been appointed by Republican Governor George Pataki in 2003 for a 14-year term. Her selection made the appointive high court the first in the United States to be primarily composed of women.
A native of Gallipolis, Ohio, Read is an alumna of Ohio Wesleyan University and the University of Chicago Law School, having received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the former in 1969 and a Juris doctor from the latter in 1972.
Upon graduation, she took a position as a legal intern on the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. In 1974, she became assistant counsel for the State University of New York, continuing in that capacity until 1977.
In 1995, Read became Deputy Counsel to Governor Pataki. She was confirmed to an unexpired term as a judge for the New York Court of Claims on April 30, 1998 and for a full term on June 2, 1999. In 1999, she was designated Presiding Judge of the New York State Court of Claims. Her selection for a 14-year term to New York State's Court of Appeals, also by Governor Pataki, was confirmed by the New York State Senate in 2003.
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Terry Branstad
Terry Edward Branstad (born November 17, 1946) is an American politician who is the 42nd and current governor of Iowa since January 2011. Branstad was the 39th governor of Iowa from 1983 to 1999 and President of Des Moines University from 2003 to 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is the youngest and longest-serving governor in Iowa’s history. In 2010, he prevailed in a three-way primary and won the Republican nomination to run again for governor. He faced incumbent Governor Chet Culver, a Democrat and four third party candidates on November 2, 2010. He won the general election in November, defeating Democratic incumbent Chet Culver by a 52.9% to 43.1% margin.
Branstad entered the 2010 race as the front runner for both the primary and general elections. Independent polling in 2009 indicated that his approval ratings hovered in the 70% range. He was widely seen as the front runner for the Republican nomination and had wide leads in aggregate polling against Culver. He won the Republican primary with 50.4% of the popular vote, 9.5 percentage points ahead of his nearest competitor.
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Theodore E. Hancock
Theodore E. Hancock (May 30, 1847 Granby, Oswego County, New York - November 19, 1916 Syracuse, Onondaga County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
Theodore E. Hancock was the son of Freeman Hancock and Mary Williams.
He graduated from Falley Seminary in Fulton in 1867, and from Wesleyan University in 1871. He then went on to study law at the Columbia University Law School where he received a Bachelor of Laws. He was admitted to the bar in 1873.
In 1873, he commenced practice in New York City in the office of Bangs & North. A few years later, he removed to Syracuse, New York, and opened the office of Gilbert & Hancock.
During 1879, he established the firm of Hancock, Beach, Peck and Devine in Syracuse. His son, Stewart Hancock, was considered the "modern-day founder of the firm" and grandson, Stewart Hancock Jr. recently rejoined the firm after serving on the New York State Court of Appeals.
By 1879, he was elected a Justice of the Peace. In 1889, he was elected District Attorney of Onondaga County and served from 1890-1892.
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Theodore J. Jones
Theodore T. Jones (born 1944) is a judge on New York State's Court of Appeals. Judge Jones was appointed to the court by Democrat Governor Elliot Spitzer in 2007 for a 14-year term.
He graduated from Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia in 1965, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and Political Science. He served on active duty with the United States Army from 1967-1969 in the Republic of Vietnam. He attained the rank of Captain. He graduated from St. Johns University School of Law in 1972.
Judge Jones was elected to New York Supreme Court with a term beginning 1990 until his appointment to the New York Court of Appeals. As a trial judge, he presided over the 2005 New York City transit strike case. His selection for a 14-year term to New York State's Court of Appeals was confirmed by the New York State Senate in 2007.
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Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the city, state, and federal levels. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. Roosevelt was 42 years old when sworn in as President of the United States in 1901, making him the youngest president ever; he beat out the youngest elected president, John F. Kennedy, by only one year. Roosevelt was also one of only three sitting presidents to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, the other two being Woodrow Wilson and Barack Obama.
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Thomas Addis Emmet
Thomas Addis Emmet (April 24, 1764 – November 14, 1827) was an Irish and American lawyer and politician. He was a senior member of the revolutionary republican group United Irishmen in the 1790s and New York State Attorney General 1812–1813.
Thomas Addis Emmet was born in the Hammond's Marsh area of Cork City in 1764 to Dr. Robert Emmet from Tipperary (later to become State Physician of Ireland) and Elizabeth Mason of Kerry, both of whose portraits are today displayed at Cork's Crawford Art Gallery. He was the elder brother of Robert Emmet who was himself executed for leading the Irish Rebellion of 1803, becoming one of Ireland's most famous Republican martyrs. Thomas Addis Emmet was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and at University of Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and was a pupil of Dugald Stewart in philosophy. After visiting the chief medical schools on the continent, he returned to Ireland in 1788; but the sudden death of his elder brother, Christopher Temple Emmet (1761–1788), a student of great distinction, induced him to follow the advice of Sir James Mackintosh to forsake medicine for the law as a profession. He married Jane Patten in 1791.
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Thomas Carmody
Thomas Carmody (October 9, 1859 Milo, Yates County, New York - January 22, 1922 New Rochelle, Westchester County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He graduated from Cornell University Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1886. He was District Attorney of Yates County from 1889 to 1893, and Chief Examiner of the State Civil Service Commission from 1893 to 1896. He was a delegate to the 1904 and 1912 Democratic National Conventions.
He was New York State Attorney General from 1911 to 1914, elected in 1910 and 1912. In 1913, he got involved in a controversy with zoo director William Temple Hornaday over the Federal Migratory Bird law which in Carmody's opinion was unconstitutional. On July 20, 1914, he announced his and First Deputy Attorney General Joseph A. Kellogg's resignation to take effect on September 1, and their intention to open a law firm with state senator George A. Blauvelt at 61 Broadway in New York City.
He caught a cold while trying a case at White Plains, New York and died four days later of pneumonia at his home at 95 Locust Av. in New Rochelle.
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Thomas DiNapoli
Thomas P. DiNapoli (born February 10, 1954) is the 54th Comptroller of the state of New York. He is a former state assemblyman in New York, who was appointed as New York State Comptroller on February 7, 2007. He was formerly the Chairman of the Assembly Environmental Conservation Committee. DiNapoli is a Democrat from Long Island. He is a resident of the Village of Great Neck Plaza. In November 2010, he narrowly won re-election.
DiNapoli has been active in politics since he was a teenager, when he ran for and won a position as a representative to the Mineola Board of Education. At the age of 18 in 1972, he was the youngest person in New York State history to hold public office. He served on the school board for 10 years.
In 1976, DiNapoli graduated magna cum laude from Hofstra University with a bachelor's degree in history. After college he worked for New York Telephone.
In 1988, he received a master's degree in human resources management from The New School University's Graduate School of Management and Urban Professions.
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Thomas E. Dewey
Thomas Edmund Dewey (March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the 47th Governor of New York (1943–1954). In 1944 and 1948, he was the Republican candidate for President, but lost both times. He led the liberal faction of the Republican Party, in which he fought conservative Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft. Dewey was an advocate for the professional and business community of the Northeastern United States, which would later be called the "Eastern Establishment". This organization accepted the majority of New Deal social-welfare reforms enacted during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It consisted of internationalists who were in favor of the United Nations and the "Cold War" fight against communism and the Soviet Union. In addition, he played a large part in the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President in 1952. Dewey's successor as leader of the liberal Republicans was Nelson Rockefeller, who became governor of New York in 1959. The New York State Thruway is named in Dewey's honor.
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Thomas F. Conway
Thomas Franklin Conway (May 4, 1862 – November 10, 1945) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1911 to 1912.
Born in Chesterfield, Essex County, New York, he was the son of John Conway and Mary (Collins) Conway. He was admitted to the bar in 1885. In 1890, he removed to Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York.
He was a delegate to the 1896, 1904, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944 Democratic National Conventions.
In 1898 and 1900, he ran for New York State Attorney General but was defeated twice by Republican John C. Davies.
He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1911 to 1912, elected on the Democratic ticket with Governor John Alden Dix in 1910.
In 1916, he lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senator from New York to William F. McCombs.
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Thomas G. Alvord
Thomas Gold Alvord (December 20, 1810 Onondaga, Onondaga County, New York - October 26, 1897 Syracuse, Onondaga County, New York) was an American lawyer, merchant and politician. Throughout his political career he was known as "Old Salt".
In 1813, the family removed to Lansingburgh, New York. He graduated from Yale College in 1828. Then he studied law with Thomas A. Tomlinson and George A. Simmons at Keeseville, New York, was admitted to the bar in 1832, and commenced practice at Salina, New York. In 1846, he became a lumber merchant.
He began his political career as a Democrat, joined the Free Soil Party with Samuel J. Tilden in 1848, and was elected to the Assembly term of 1858 as a Democrat. In 1861, after Fort Sumter was fired on, he became a Union Democrat, chaired the Union Convention at Syracuse, was nominated to run for the Assembly, and was endorsed by the Republicans and elected without opposition. For the term of 1864, he was elected as a Republican, and henceforth remained a member of this party.
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Thomas J. Oakley
Thomas Jackson Oakley (November 10, 1783 near Poughkeepsie – May 11, 1857 New York City) was a United States Representative and New York State Attorney General.
He graduated from Yale College in 1801, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1804 and commenced practice in Poughkeepsie.
He was Surrogate of Dutchess County from 1810 to 1811, and was elected as a Federalist to the Thirteenth United States Congress (March 4, 1813 – March 4, 1815). During this term, Oakley was an anti-war Federalist and opposed the policy of the War of 1812.
Oakley was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1816. From 1819 to 1821, he was New York State Attorney General.
He was again elected to Congress, serving from March 4, 1827, until May 9, 1828, when he resigned to go on the bench. He was a judge of the superior court of New York City from 1828 to 1847, was appointed chief justice in October 1847 and served until his death in office.
Oakely's resignation from Congress in 1828 was a disappointment as Oakley was offered a candidacy as President but declined it.
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Thomas W. Wallace
Thomas W. Wallace (January 24, 1900 – July 17, 1943) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. Running on the ticket with Governor Thomas E. Dewey, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York in November 1942, but died less than seven months into his only term.
Wallace was corporation counsel of Schenectady, New York. After serving as district attorney for Schenectady County, he was elected to the New York State Senate. While presiding over the Senate, he ran for the Republican nomination for New York Attorney General in 1942, but was instead nominated for Lieutenant Governor. Defeating incumbent Democrat Charles Poletti, he was positioned to succeed Dewey as Governor if Dewey were to win the presidency in 1944.
Wallace took office on January 1, 1943. In early July 1943, however, he contracted chicken pox from his two children. Two days later he began to suffer from pneumonia, and was placed in an oxygen tent at Ellis Hospital in Schenectady. His condition rapidly deteriorated, and he died the following week. He was buried at the Holy Redeemer Cemetery in Niskayuna, New York.
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Timothy L. Woodruff
Timothy Lester Woodruff (August 4, 1858, New Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut – October 12, 1913) was an American politician.
The son of U.S. Representative John Woodruff, he graduated from Yale University in 1879, where he was a member of Skull and Bones. In 1881, he removed to 25, Eighth Avenue, Brooklyn and entered politics as a Republican, eventually becoming the head of the party's organization in Kings County, New York, and later Chairman of the New York State Republican Committee.
In January 1896, he was appointed Brooklyn Park Commissioner. In 1896, Woodruff petitioned to the New York State Board of Regents to create a "coeducational college" in Brooklyn.
He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1897 to 1902, elected in 1896, 1898 and 1900, the only lieutenant governor to serve under three different governors in New York history: Frank S. Black, Theodore Roosevelt and Benjamin Barker Odell, Jr. As Lieutenant Governor, Woodruff took a leadership role in the Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks (founded in 1901) to help implement Article XIV, Sec 1 of the New York State Constitution, protecting New York’s prized natural land. Commonly known as the “forever wild clause,” the law sought to protect the forest from the devastation of clear cutting and large scale damming projects. The group included wealthy men like J.P. Morgan (1837–1913), who owned many of the private estates or game parks in the Adirondacks which they sought to protect.
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Timothy Shriver
Timothy Perry Shriver (born August 29, 1959) is Chairman and CEO of Special Olympics.
Timothy Shriver was born to Sargent Shriver, a former United States Ambassador to France and the Democratic Party's vice-presidential candidate in 1972, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the founder of Special Olympics. He was raised as a Catholic along with his siblings, Bobby Shriver, Maria Shriver, Mark Shriver, and Anthony Shriver. He is a member of the Kennedy Family through his mother.
Shriver graduated from St. Albans School. He received his B.A. from Yale University in 1981, his M.A. in religion and religious education from the Catholic University of America in 1988, and his Ph.D. in education from the University of Connecticut in 1996.
He served as a high school teacher in the New Haven, Connecticut public school system, and as a counselor and teacher in the University of Connecticut branch of the Upward Bound program for disadvantaged youth. He became a Fellow at the School Development Program at the Yale Child Study Center.
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Togiola Tulafono
Togiola Talalelei A. Tulafono (born February 28, 1947) is the Governor of American Samoa. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He had previously served as Lieutenant Governor, taking this position on January 3, 1997.
Tulafono was Lieutenant Governor when, on March 26, 2003, Governor Tauese Pita Fiti Sunia died. He then became Acting Governor, and officially became Governor on April 7, 2003. He was reelected to a full 4-year term in the November 2004 gubernatorial elections and again in the November 2008 gubernatorial election.
Togiola T.A. Tulafono was born on February 28, 1947, in Aunu'u Island, American Samoa.
Tulafono was educated in Samoa, attending elementary school in Autu'u and Samoana High School. He attended Chadron State College in the United States, where he earned bachelor's degrees in both political science and sociology in 1970. He received a doctor of laws degree from the Washburn University School of Law in Topeka, Kansas, in 1975.
He has served as a deacon of the Congregational Christian Church in Sa’ilele, American Samoa, for over 25 years.
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Togo D. West, Jr.
Togo Dennis West, Jr. (born June 21, 1942) is an American attorney and public official who was the third person to occupy the post of Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He was nominated by President Bill Clinton on January 27, 1998, during Clinton's second term, and was confirmed by the Senate on May 5, 1998. He had previously served as Secretary of the Army from 1993 to 1997. He was the second African American to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
West was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina; there, he became an Eagle Scout with Bronze Palms, and attended Atkins High School (where his parents were teachers), graduating as valedictorian in 1959. He subsequently entered Howard University, obtaining a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering in 1965. He received his Juris Doctor degree from the Howard University School of Law in 1968, receiving cum laude honors and graduating first in his class. While a freshman at Howard University, he became a brother of Zeta Phi chapter of Alpha Phi Omega service fraternity. West is a member of the Kappa Psi chapter of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. While a student at the Howard University School of Law, West became the managing editor for the Howard Law Journal; he also met Gail Berry, who became his wife. The Wests later had two daughters.
wn.com/Togo_D._West,_Jr. -
Tom Corbett
Thomas W. "Tom" Corbett (born June 17, 1949) is an American politician who has been the 46th Governor of Pennsylvania since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Corbett was the Attorney General of Pennsylvania from 1995 to 1997; he was appointed by Governor Tom Ridge to fill the unexpired term of Ernie Preate following Preate's indictment. Subsequently he was elected as Attorney General in 2004; he served as Attorney General from 2005 to 2011, winning re-election in 2008.
Corbett received his Bachelor's degree at Lebanon Valley College and was employed as a 9th grade teacher for one year. Corbett then earned his J.D. from St. Mary's University Law School. He served in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard 28th Infantry Division from 1971 to 1984, rising to the rank of Captain.
Corbett's career has been split between private practice and civil service. He began his legal career as an assistant district attorney in Pittsburgh's Allegheny County. After three and a half years, he was hired in 1980 as assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania.
wn.com/Tom_Corbett -
Victoria A. Graffeo
Victoria A. Graffeo (born 1952) is a judge on New York State's Court of Appeals. Judge Graffeo was appointed to the court by Republican Governor George Pataki in 2000 for a 14-year term. Her current term expires in 2014.
Graffeo graduated from the State University of New York at Oneonta in 1974. She earned her law degree from Albany Law School three years later.
She was in private practice (1978–1982) before entering government service in 1982 as an assistant counsel to the New York State Division of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse.
She served as counsel to then New York State Assembly Minority Leader Pro Tempore Kemp Hannon (1984) and as chief counsel to then Assembly Minority Leader Clarence D. Rappleyea, Jr. (1989–1994).
On January 1, 1995, she was appointed Solicitor General for the State of New York by Attorney General Dennis C. Vacco and served in that capacity until appointed, in September 1996, by Governor George E. Pataki to fill a vacancy in the State Supreme Court, Third Judicial District.
wn.com/Victoria_A._Graffeo -
Vincent C. Gray
Vincent C. Gray (born November 8, 1942) is an American politician who is currently serving as the seventh Mayor of the District of Columbia. Prior to his inauguration as mayor in January 2011, Gray served as Chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, and as Councilmember for Ward 7. In the 1990s he also served as director of the DC Department of Human Services.
Gray is a native of Washington, DC, and graduated from Dunbar High School. He earned a B.A. in psychology at George Washington University, where he also took graduate courses. Gray was one of the first African Americans to join the Jewish fraternity, Tau Epsilon Phi. While in the fraternity, he was the first to serve two consecutive terms as President. Other school activities included the Newman Catholic Center, as well as football and basketball intramurals. Gray is also an avid participant in hand dancing, a D.C.-area derivative of Lindy hop.
Gray began his political career with the D.C. Association for Retarded Citizens, where he successfully advocated for innovative public policy initiatives on behalf of people with mental retardation. In 1991, then Mayor Sharon Pratt Kelly appointed Gray to the post of Director of the DC Department of Human Services.
wn.com/Vincent_C._Gray -
W. Averell Harriman
William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891 – July 26, 1986) was an American Democratic Party politician, businessman, and diplomat. He was the son of railroad baron E. H. Harriman. He served as Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman and later as the 48th Governor of New York. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1952, and again in 1956 when he was endorsed by President Truman but lost to Adlai Stevenson. Harriman served President Franklin D. Roosevelt as special envoy to Europe and served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and U.S. Ambassador to Britain. He served in numerous U.S. diplomatic assignments in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
William Averell Harriman was born in New York City, the son of railroad baron Edward Henry Harriman and Mary Williamson Averell, and brother of E. Roland Harriman. Harriman was a close friend of Hall Roosevelt (brother of Eleanor Roosevelt).
During the summer of 1899, Harriman's father organized the Harriman Alaska Expedition, a philanthropic-scientific survey of coastal Alaska and Russia that attracted twenty-five of the leading scientific, naturalist and artist luminaries of the day, including John Muir, John Burroughs, George Bird Grinnell, C. Hart Merriam, Grove Karl Gilbert, and Edward Curtis, along with 100 family members and staff, aboard the steamship George Elder. Young Harriman would have his first introduction to Russia, a nation that he would spend a significant amount of attention on in his later life in public service.
wn.com/W._Averell_Harriman -
Walter A. Lynch
Walter Aloysius Lynch (July 7, 1894 New York City – September 10, 1957 Belle Harbor, Queens) was an American politician from New York.
He graduated from Fordham University in 1915 and Fordham University School of Law in 1918. He served as a magistrate of New York City in 1930.
He was elected Democrat to the 76th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edward W. Curley, and was re-elected to the 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th and 81st United States Congresses, serving from February 20, 1940, to January 3, 1951.
In 1950, he ran for Governor of New York, but was defeated in a landslide by the incumbent Governor Thomas E. Dewey. He was elected to the New York Supreme Court and served from January 1955 until his death. He is buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.
wn.com/Walter_A._Lynch -
Walter J. Mahoney
Walter J. Mahoney (March 10, 1908 Buffalo, New York - March 1, 1982) was an American lawyer and politician.
He graduated from Canisius College in 1930, and received a law degree from the University at Buffalo and was admitted to practice in 1934. He was a reporter for the Buffalo Times.
He attended on October 2, 1932, in a vacant storefront in the old Gerron’s Building in Buffalo, the first meeting of the Association of New York State Young Republican Clubs. The association was incorporated in 1934 and in 1935 Mahoney was elected president, a post he resigned after he was elected to the New York State Senate.
He was a member of the State Senate from 1937 to 1964 (48th D. 1937 to 1944; 53rd D. 1945 to 1954; 55th D. 1955 to 1964). He was a delegate to the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Republican National Conventions. After the resignation of Arthur H. Wicks he became the Majority Leader of the New York State Senate (1954 to 1964) and Acting Lieutenant Governor (1954). In 1964, as a sitting majority leader, he was defeated in his run for re-election by John Doerr.
wn.com/Walter_J._Mahoney -
Warren Christopher
Warren Minor Christopher (October 27, 1925 – March 18, 2011) was an American lawyer, diplomat and politician. During Bill Clinton's first term as President, Christopher served as the 63rd Secretary of State. He also served as Deputy Attorney General in the Lyndon Johnson Administration, and as Deputy Secretary of State in the Carter Administration. At the time of his death, he was a Senior Partner at O'Melveny & Myers in the firm's Century City, California, office. He also served as a professor in the College Honors Program at the University of California at Los Angeles. At the behest of Al Gore, Christopher oversaw the Vice President's Florida recount effort in the aftermath of the disputed United States Presidential election, 2000.
Born in Scranton, North Dakota, the son of Ernest Christopher, a bank manager, and his wife Catherine, Christopher graduated from Hollywood High School, and attended the University of Redlands, before transferring to the University of Southern California. He was a member of the college fraternity Kappa Sigma Sigma. He graduated magna cum laude from the University of Southern California in February 1945. From July 1943 to September 1946, he served in the United States Naval Reserve, with active duty as an ensign in the Pacific Theater. He attended Stanford Law School from 1946–1949, where he was the founder and President of the Stanford Law Review and was elected to the Order of the Coif.
wn.com/Warren_Christopher -
Warren M. Anderson
Warren Mattice Anderson (October 16, 1915 – June 1, 2007) was Temporary President and Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. He was a resident of Binghamton, New York.
Anderson, a Republican, served as the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from 1966 to 1972. In this capacity he was the unofficial deputy to then Majority Leader Earl Brydges. After Brydges retired, Anderson succeeded him as majority leader. Anderson worked with the Governor of New York Hugh Carey and Assembly Speaker Stanley Steingut to put together a package to rescue New York City from bankruptcy in 1975.
He served in the Senate's top post until 1988, when he re-joined the law firm of Hinman, Howard & Kattell, LLP in Binghamton, New York. In May 2006, Anderson announced his endorsement of former Assembly Minority Leader John Faso for the Republican nomination for governor.
In his role as Temporary President of the Senate, Anderson twice performed the duties of the Lieutenant Governor of New York. The first was from December 1973 to December 1974 after the resignation of Gov. Nelson Rockefeller elevated Lt. Gov. Malcolm Wilson to the governorship. The second was from February 1985 to December 1986 after Lt. Gov. Alfred Delbello resigned.
wn.com/Warren_M._Anderson -
William Cohen
William Sebastian Cohen (born August 28, 1940) is an author and American politician from the U.S. state of Maine. A Republican, Cohen served as both a member of the United States House of Representatives and Senate, and as Secretary of Defense (1997–2001) under Democratic President Bill Clinton.
Cohen was born in Bangor, Maine. His mother, Clara (née Hartley), was of Protestant Irish ancestry, and his father, Reuben Cohen, was a Russian Jewish immigrant; the two owned the Bangor Rye Bread Co.
After graduating from Bangor High School in 1958, Cohen attended Bowdoin College, graduating cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Latin in 1962.
While in high school and college, Cohen was a basketball player and was named to the Maine all-state high school and college basketball team, and at Bowdoin was inducted into the New England All-Star Hall of Fame. Cohen attended law school at the Boston University School of Law, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws degree cum laude in 1965.
After graduating from law school, Cohen earned partnership in a Bangor law firm. He became an assistant county attorney for Penobscot County (1968–1970). In 1968 he became an instructor at Husson College in Bangor, and later was an instructor in business administration at the University of Maine (1968–1972).
wn.com/William_Cohen -
William Dorsheimer
William Dorsheimer (February 5, 1832 Lyons, Wayne County, New York – March 26, 1888 Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia) was an American lawyer, journalist and politician.
He was the son of Philip Dorsheimer. He was educated in common schools, then at Phillips Andover Academy, and then studied at Harvard College from 1849 to 1851. He left Harvard without graduating because of a protracted illness, though in 1859 Harvard gave him the degree of M.A. After leaving Harvard in 1851, he settled in Buffalo, New York, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1854. In 1859, he formed a partnership with Solomon G. Haven. In politics, he began as a Democrat, joined the Republican Party in 1856, and in 1860 again supported the Republican ticket.
In 1861, he joined the Union Army as an aide-de-camp with the rank of major and served on the staff of General John C. Frémont, but at the close of the Missouri campaign Dorsheimer returned to civil life, and published a series of articles in the Atlantic Monthly entitled “Frémont's Hundred Days in Missouri.”
wn.com/William_Dorsheimer -
William F. Sheehan
William Francis Sheehan (November 6, 1859 – March 14, 1917) was an American lawyer and politician. During his political career he became known as Blue-Eyed Billy.
He was born on November 6, 1859 in Buffalo, New York.
He began his political career as a clerk in the office of his brother John Sheehan, who was City Controller of Buffalo until Grover Cleveland refused to have him on his mayoral ticket in 1881.
He was Democratic a member from Erie County of the New York State Assembly from 1885 to 1891. As an assemblyman, he secured the appointments of his brother John as a clerk in the New York Aqueduct Board, and of his law partner Charles F. Tabor as First Deputy of the New York State Attorney General. In 1891, he was elected Speaker of the New York State Assembly.
He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1892 to 1894, elected in 1891. Afterwards he established a prosperous law firm in New York City with Alton B. Parker. He was a member of the New York Democratic State Committee from 1889 to 1893, and a member from New York of the Democratic National Committee in 1891 and 1896. He was a delegate from New York to the Democratic National Convention in 1912.
wn.com/William_F._Sheehan -
William H. Seward
William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was the 12th Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War, he was a dominant figure in the Republican Party in its formative years, and was widely regarded as the leading contender for the party's presidential nomination in 1860 – yet his very outspokenness may have cost him the nomination. Despite his loss, he became a loyal member of Lincoln's wartime cabinet, and played a role in preventing foreign intervention early in the war. On the night of Lincoln's assassination, he survived an attempt on his life in the conspirators' effort to decapitate the Union government. As Johnson's Secretary of State, he engineered the purchase of Alaska from Russia in an act that was ridiculed at the time as "Seward's Folly", but which somehow exemplified his character. His contemporary Carl Schurz described Seward as "one of those spirits who sometimes will go ahead of public opinion instead of tamely following its footprints."
wn.com/William_H._Seward -
William M. Oliver
William Morrison Oliver (October 15, 1792 Londonderry, Rockingham County, New Hampshire - July 21, 1863 Penn Yan, Yates County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.
He was First Judge of the Yates County Court from 1823 to 1828, and from 1838 to 1844.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) from 1827 to 1830, sitting in the 50th, 51st, 52nd and 53rd New York State Legislatures. In 1830, he was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and was Acting Lieutenant Governor until the end of the year.
He was elected as a Democrat to the 27th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1841, to March 3, 1843. Afterwards he became clerk of the New York Supreme Court, and was President of the Yates County Bank from the issuance of its charter until 1857.
He was buried at the Lake View Cemetery in Penn Yan.
wn.com/William_M._Oliver -
William Perry
William James Perry (born October 11, 1927) is an American businessman and engineer who was the United States Secretary of Defense from February 3, 1994, to January 23, 1997, under President Bill Clinton. He also served as Deputy Secretary of Defense (1993–1994) and Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (1977-1981).
Perry is currently the Michael and Barbara Berberian Professor at Stanford University, with a joint appointment in the School of Engineering. He is also a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He is a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and serves as co-director of the Nuclear Risk Reduction initiative and the Preventive Defense Project. He is an expert in U.S. foreign policy, national security and arms control.
Former Secretary Perry also has extensive business experience and currently serves on the boards of several high-tech companies and is Chairman of Global Technology Partners. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among Perry's numerous awards are the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1997), Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1998) and the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2002), awarded by the Emperor of Japan.
wn.com/William_Perry
Cuomo, Andrew Filmography
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Governor Cuomo's Political Aspirations - Elections 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:48
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Carolyn Ryan on New York Governor Andrew M. Cuomo's breakfast speech to New York delegates and his possible aspirations for 2016. Click here to see more videos from the DNC: nyti.ms
http://wn.com/Governor_Cuomo's_Political_Aspirations_Elections_2012
Carolyn Ryan on New York Governor Andrew M. Cuomo's breakfast speech to New York delegates and his possible aspirations for 2016. Click here to see more videos from the DNC: nyti.ms
AC360 - NY Governor Andrew Cuomo On Same-Sex Marriage Bill Passage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Governor Andrew Cuomo was a key backer of measure.
http://wn.com/AC360_NY_Governor_Andrew_Cuomo_On_Same-Sex_Marriage_Bill_Passage
Governor Andrew Cuomo was a key backer of measure.
- published: 25 Jun 2011
- views: 6149
- author: SuchIsLifeVideos
Maddow Interviews New York Gov Andrew Cuomo About Hurricane Sandy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:16
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
November 01, 2012 MSNBC News MOXNews.com governor new york andrew cuomo bush new york hurrican sandy staten island queens fire obama chris christie new jersey mox news
http://wn.com/Maddow_Interviews_New_York_Gov_Andrew_Cuomo_About_Hurricane_Sandy
November 01, 2012 MSNBC News MOXNews.com governor new york andrew cuomo bush new york hurrican sandy staten island queens fire obama chris christie new jersey mox news
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 780
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
President Cuomo? Did Another Cuomo Tip Andrew's Hand?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
The Richard French Live show asks if Andrew Cuomo could potentially run for President. This comes in light of Cuomo's father making comments that support this claim.
http://wn.com/President_Cuomo?_Did_Another_Cuomo_Tip_Andrew's_Hand?
The Richard French Live show asks if Andrew Cuomo could potentially run for President. This comes in light of Cuomo's father making comments that support this claim.
- published: 10 Jul 2012
- views: 121
- author: Richard French
Gov. Cuomo tours World Trade Center after Sandy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo shows Anderson Cooper the damage to the World Trade Center site. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Gov_Cuomo_tours_World_Trade_Center_after_Sandy
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo shows Anderson Cooper the damage to the World Trade Center site. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 1842
- author: CNN
Gov. Andrew Cuomo 'Fires Up' New York dems during 2012 DNC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Charlotte, NC (Channel 6 News) -- Governor Andrew Cuomo visited Charlotte, NC Thursday to take part in the final day of Convention proceedings at the 2012 Democratic National Convention. As one that typical shys away from giving his 2 cents about the 2012 race, Cuomo didn't Thursday.
http://wn.com/Gov_Andrew_Cuomo_'Fires_Up'_New_York_dems_during_2012_DNC
Charlotte, NC (Channel 6 News) -- Governor Andrew Cuomo visited Charlotte, NC Thursday to take part in the final day of Convention proceedings at the 2012 Democratic National Convention. As one that typical shys away from giving his 2 cents about the 2012 race, Cuomo didn't Thursday.
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 719
- author: channel6newsonline
Governor Andrew Cuomo Says New York is Moving Forward During President Obama's Visit to CNSE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:13
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo delivers remarks before introducing President Obama, who highlighted the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering's successful model that he said other cities across the nation should look to duplicate. Tuesday, May 7, 2012 Part 4 of 5 Part 1: CNSE CEO and Senior Vice President Dr. Alain Kaloyeros: www.youtube.com Part 2: GlobalFoundries CEO Ajit Manocha: youtu.be Part 3: SUNY Chancellor Nancy Zimpher: www.youtube.com Part 5: President Barack Obama: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Governor_Andrew_Cuomo_Says_New_York_is_Moving_Forward_During_President_Obama's_Visit_to_CNSE
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo delivers remarks before introducing President Obama, who highlighted the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering's successful model that he said other cities across the nation should look to duplicate. Tuesday, May 7, 2012 Part 4 of 5 Part 1: CNSE CEO and Senior Vice President Dr. Alain Kaloyeros: www.youtube.com Part 2: GlobalFoundries CEO Ajit Manocha: youtu.be Part 3: SUNY Chancellor Nancy Zimpher: www.youtube.com Part 5: President Barack Obama: www.youtube.com
- published: 25 May 2012
- views: 260
- author: TheNanoCollege
Cuomo: Sandy Cost New York $32 Billion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced on Monday that his state suffered $32 billion in damage from Superstorm Sandy. He also said Sandy caused much more damage than Hurricane Katrina. (Nov. 27)
http://wn.com/Cuomo_Sandy_Cost_New_York_32_Billion
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced on Monday that his state suffered $32 billion in damage from Superstorm Sandy. He also said Sandy caused much more damage than Hurricane Katrina. (Nov. 27)
- published: 27 Nov 2012
- views: 441
- author: AssociatedPress
Chris Hayes on Gov. Cuomo: "A missed opportunity to create positive change"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
An update from MSNBC's Chris Hayes on NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo's lack of support for NY State Senate Democrats: "a real missed opportunity to create positive change." (11/25/2012)
http://wn.com/Chris_Hayes_on_Gov_Cuomo_A_missed_opportunity_to_create_positive_change
An update from MSNBC's Chris Hayes on NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo's lack of support for NY State Senate Democrats: "a real missed opportunity to create positive change." (11/25/2012)
- published: 25 Nov 2012
- views: 527
- author: ProgTVClips
Hurricane Sandy Aftermath: Governor Andrew Cuomo Tours New York City Damage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Diane Sawyer follows the latest developments in New York.
http://wn.com/Hurricane_Sandy_Aftermath_Governor_Andrew_Cuomo_Tours_New_York_City_Damage
Diane Sawyer follows the latest developments in New York.
- published: 31 Oct 2012
- views: 9021
- author: ABCNews
Gov. Andrew Cuomo on Tier VI Pension Reform
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 29 Feb 2012
Video produced for The Legislative Gazette by Brandon B. Quinn.
http://wn.com/Gov_Andrew_Cuomo_on_Tier_VI_Pension_Reform
Video produced for The Legislative Gazette by Brandon B. Quinn.
- published: 29 Feb 2012
- views: 229
- author: LegislativeGazette
Governor Cuomo discusses Obama's debate performance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo discusses the second presidential debate at Hofstra University Filmed by Chris Langlois
http://wn.com/Governor_Cuomo_discusses_Obama's_debate_performance
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo discusses the second presidential debate at Hofstra University Filmed by Chris Langlois
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 619
- author: LongIslandReport
Andrew Cuomo Acceptance Speech (11/2/2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:23
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/Andrew_Cuomo_Acceptance_Speech_11_2_2010
- published: 03 Nov 2010
- views: 14146
- author: StateofPolitics
NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo At DNC 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 25 Sep 2012
NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo,. his girlfriend, Sandra Lee, and his daughter Cara head to the state delegation breakfast at DNC 2012, Charlotte, NC.
http://wn.com/NY_Gov_Andrew_Cuomo_At_DNC_2012
NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo,. his girlfriend, Sandra Lee, and his daughter Cara head to the state delegation breakfast at DNC 2012, Charlotte, NC.
- published: 06 Sep 2012
- views: 699
- author: nydailynews
Alec Baldwin calls NY governor Andrew Cuomo w Josh Fox from stage of Landmark Syracuse RE:Fracking
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
Alec Baldwin calls NY governor Andrew Cuomo with Josh Fox from the stage of the Landmark Theater in Syracuse NY RE:Fracking August 2nd 2012. During a discussion at "What The Frack" after a showing of Gasland a film by Josh Fox"
http://wn.com/Alec_Baldwin_calls_NY_governor_Andrew_Cuomo_w_Josh_Fox_from_stage_of_Landmark_Syracuse_REFracking
Alec Baldwin calls NY governor Andrew Cuomo with Josh Fox from the stage of the Landmark Theater in Syracuse NY RE:Fracking August 2nd 2012. During a discussion at "What The Frack" after a showing of Gasland a film by Josh Fox"
- published: 04 Jun 2012
- views: 467
- author: sasbury237237
Governor Andrew Cuomo delivers 2012 Budget Adress
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Updated: 24 Jul 2012
January 18, 2012 Albany NY- As Governor Andrew Cuomo unveiled his 2012 budget proposal in Albany, he talked a lot about what he calls "entrepreneurial government" - a model in which the state sets the stage for private investment. The question now is whether that private money will materialize:
http://wn.com/Governor_Andrew_Cuomo_delivers_2012_Budget_Adress
January 18, 2012 Albany NY- As Governor Andrew Cuomo unveiled his 2012 budget proposal in Albany, he talked a lot about what he calls "entrepreneurial government" - a model in which the state sets the stage for private investment. The question now is whether that private money will materialize:
- published: 24 Jul 2012
- views: 49
- author: wmhttv
Andrew Cuomo in 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:26
- Updated: 29 Dec 2011
Here's a look back at the year that was for Governor Andrew Cuomo in 2011. For more go to nynow.org.
http://wn.com/Andrew_Cuomo_in_2011
Here's a look back at the year that was for Governor Andrew Cuomo in 2011. For more go to nynow.org.
- published: 29 Dec 2011
- views: 368
- author: wmhttv
Pot Politics: New York Governor Andrew Cuomo Wants To Decriminalize Pot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Inauguration Day Oath: Secret GOP Meeting To 'Take Down' Obama Exposed: www.politicalarticles.net
http://wn.com/Pot_Politics_New_York_Governor_Andrew_Cuomo_Wants_To_Decriminalize_Pot
Inauguration Day Oath: Secret GOP Meeting To 'Take Down' Obama Exposed: www.politicalarticles.net
- published: 05 Jun 2012
- views: 304
- author: politicalarticles
Governor Andrew Cuomo -New York State Sandy Briefing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:32
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
The Governor Of NY briefs his residents.
http://wn.com/Governor_Andrew_Cuomo_-New_York_State_Sandy_Briefing
The Governor Of NY briefs his residents.
- published: 30 Oct 2012
- author: caribphotos
NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo Thanks Walmart for Hurricane Sandy Response
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo called on Walmart to help NYC after Hurricane Sandy, and we delivered 6 tractor trailers filled with supplies the very next day. We were honored to partner with the governor and other local leaders to provide food, beverages and supplies to Sandy victims.
http://wn.com/NY_Gov_Andrew_Cuomo_Thanks_Walmart_for_Hurricane_Sandy_Response
NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo called on Walmart to help NYC after Hurricane Sandy, and we delivered 6 tractor trailers filled with supplies the very next day. We were honored to partner with the governor and other local leaders to provide food, beverages and supplies to Sandy victims.
- published: 06 Nov 2012
- views: 1211
- author: WalmartCorporate
Gov. Andrew Cuomo Tours Kiernan Plaza: Hub for CNSE's Downtown Partnerships, 150 New Jobs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:48
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Governor Andrew Cuomo...wrapping up another leg of his Statewide Regional Economic Development Council Progress Tour with a stop at Albany's Kiernan Plaza. The Governor saw firsthand the progress resulting from his leadership - - up to 150 new jobs and exciting educational and workforce training opportunities through a partnership between CNSE, engineering firm CHA, Girls Inc., and Trinity Alliance.
http://wn.com/Gov_Andrew_Cuomo_Tours_Kiernan_Plaza_Hub_for_CNSE's_Downtown_Partnerships,_150_New_Jobs
Governor Andrew Cuomo...wrapping up another leg of his Statewide Regional Economic Development Council Progress Tour with a stop at Albany's Kiernan Plaza. The Governor saw firsthand the progress resulting from his leadership - - up to 150 new jobs and exciting educational and workforce training opportunities through a partnership between CNSE, engineering firm CHA, Girls Inc., and Trinity Alliance.
- published: 23 Oct 2012
- views: 248
- author: TheNanoCollege
Superstorm Sandy Relief: New York Governor Andrew Cuomo Calls ABC's Day of Giving
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Governor Cuomo discusses ways to donate to hurricane relief and current status of state.
http://wn.com/Superstorm_Sandy_Relief_New_York_Governor_Andrew_Cuomo_Calls_ABC's_Day_of_Giving
Governor Cuomo discusses ways to donate to hurricane relief and current status of state.
- published: 05 Nov 2012
- views: 765
- author: ABCNews
Governor Andrew Cuomo's Speech to NYS Delegates at DNC Convention
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:33
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Governor Andrew Cuomo speaks to NYS Delegates at the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, NC on September 6th, 2012.
http://wn.com/Governor_Andrew_Cuomo's_Speech_to_NYS_Delegates_at_DNC_Convention
Governor Andrew Cuomo speaks to NYS Delegates at the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, NC on September 6th, 2012.
- published: 17 Sep 2012
- views: 366
- author: cuomocampaign
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
29 Nov 2012
Just before she leapt from her roof into the streets of Kabul, Farima thought of the wedding that would never happen and the man she would never marry. Her fiance would be pleased to see her die, she later recalled thinking. It would offer relief to them both. Farima, 17, had resisted her engagement to Zabiullah since it was ordained by her grandfather when she was 9 ... He ran outside. His daughter's torso was contorted ... Her skin was pallid....(size: 12.8Kb)
photo: AP / Sepahnews
27 Nov 2012
WASHINGTON -- The drone wars are here. While President Obama ponders new legal and moral guidelines to govern America's growing use of armed robot aircraft, the world outside the White House is engaged in a revolutionary frenzy of building, arming and flying killer drones ... More than 50 countries operate surveillance drones and, increasingly, are fitting them with weapons. The U.S ... spy drone was shot down last December ... On Oct ... 988 miles ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)
photo: UN / Jan Golinski
27 Nov 2012
Doha conference is warned that climate models do not yet take account of methane in thawing permafrost. Frozen ground in Siberia. Permafrost covers nearly a quarter of the northern hemisphere. Photograph. Francis Latreille/Corbis. The United Nations sounded a stark warning on the threat to the climate from methane in the thawing permafrost as governments met for the second day of climate change negotiations in Doha, Qatar ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)
photo: AP / Jerome Delay
27 Nov 2012
M23 rebels controlling the eastern city of Goma in the DR Congo have said they are not about to withdraw as demanded by regional leaders. The rebels said on Tuesday there were still in charge of Goma, just hours after General Aronda Nyakairima, the head of the Ugandan military, was quoted by the Reuters news agency as saying that their leader, Sultani Makenga, had told him he would pull out of Goma and Sake ... 276 Source. ... Share ... News ... ;">....(size: 17.7Kb)
photo: AP / Apichart Weerawong
29 Nov 2012
A Thai court has postponed the start of the terrorism trial of 24 "Red Shirt" protest leaders by one month. Thursday's delay comes in reaction to the illness of one of the defendants in the case, which followed 2010 demonstrations in Bangkok that drew up to 100,000 protesters. "The court will only allow this one postponement," the judge said, as hundreds of police stood guard outside the court. Among the accused are five lawmakers ... AFP ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)
Daily Press
30 Nov 2012
NEW YORK (Reuters) - New York Governor Andrew Cuomo's administration will delay a decision on whether to overturn a four-year-old ban on a contentious oil and gas drilling process after a state agency received more time to draft proposed regulations on fracking ... Andrew Cuomo ... "Let the science dictate the conclusion," Cuomo told reporters in August, adding, "We will make a decision based on the facts....(size: 5.0Kb)
The New York Times
30 Nov 2012
Andrew M. Cuomo announced an emergency regulation that shortens the period in which an insurance adjuster must inspect a claim to 6 business days, from 15 ... Cuomo said ... Cuomo also announced that the Financial Services Department had set up an online report card that will enable New Yorkers to track the performance of insurers after the storm ... Hurricane Sandy (2012) Property Taxes Insurance Cuomo, Andrew M....(size: 7.7Kb)
Daily Press
30 Nov 2012
(Reuters) - New York Governor Andrew Cuomo on Thursday imposed emergency regulations on insurers to speed the processing of claims from hundreds of thousands of state residents whose properties were damaged or destroyed when Superstorm Sandy struck a month ago. Among the measures Cuomo unveiled was a requirement reducing the time limit for insurance company claims adjusters to respond to a claim to six days from 15 days....(size: 5.5Kb)
Political Wire
30 Nov 2012
Andrew Cuomo (D) "simply doesn't have that liberal allure" that Hillary Clinton or other popular Democrats ......(size: 0.6Kb)
Ohio
30 Nov 2012
Andrew M. Cuomo said. Regulators led by Benjamin Lawksy, head of the New York Department of Financial Services, will publish the number and size of claims that more than 20 insurers pay as well as the frequency of customer complaints, Cuomo said in a statement. Cuomo reduced to six business days from 15 the amount of time insurers have to send ......(size: 3.8Kb)
Newsday
30 Nov 2012
Videos. Surviving Sandy. Galleries. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo announced emergency measures Thursday he said will expedite insurance claims spurred by superstorm Sandy. The governor called the insurance coverage issue "probably the largest single hurdle people are facing" in their attempts to get their homes repaired ... "They can't get the construction started.". Cuomo... Already. registered? ... . . . . ... ....(size: 6.9Kb)
Newsday
30 Nov 2012
Videos. Surviving Sandy. Galleries. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo announced emergency measures Thursday he said will expedite insurance claims spurred by superstorm Sandy. The governor called the insurance coverage issue "probably the largest single hurdle people are facing" in their attempts to get their homes repaired ... "They can't get the construction started.". Cuomo... Already. registered? ... . . . . ... ....(size: 6.9Kb)
The New York Times
30 Nov 2012
The administration of Gov. Andrew Cuomo extended the deadline for its pending regulations on hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, a controversial technique used to extract natural gas from shale formations. The governor said the delay would allow time for completion of a state-authorized health study. [WNYC] ... [BBC] ... [New York Times] ... Andrew Cuomo, Grand Canyon, Huunting, illegal logging, Marcellus Shale. Related Posts. From Green. Q. and A. ... DOE....(size: 6.5Kb)
MSNBC
30 Nov 2012
Hoping to find a solution for New York and New Jersey residents displaced by Superstorm Sandy, the federal government announced Thursday it was looking into the possibility of housing residents on boats ... As of Wednesday, 473,785 households in New York and New Jersey had applied for disaster relief assistance with FEMA ... New Jersey Gov ... Andrew Cuomo told reporters the total cost in his state was $41 billion ... Advertise ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
noodls
30 Nov 2012
For Immediate Release. November 29, 2012. State of New York . Executive Chamber. Andrew M. Cuomo . Governor Department Representatives Available to Answer Insurance Questions at Sites in Staten Island, Lindenhurst, Breezy Point, Brooklyn and Long Beach. Storm Hotline Also Being Staffed to Help Storm Sandy Victims. Benjamin M ... Suffolk County. Friday, Nov. 30 - 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. at Lindenhurst Library, 1 Lee Ave. in Lindenhurst. Queens. Saturday, Dec....(size: 3.0Kb)
MSNBC
30 Nov 2012
New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg found himself facing questions Thursday about why the city was paying for more than 100 vacant hotel rooms when thousands were displaced after Superstorm Sandy. The rooms were reserved for storm victims who were pushed out of their homes by Sandy, which hit the area October 29 ... "It's freezing in my apartment ... Andrew Cuomo told reporters earlier this week the total cost in his state was $41 billion.. ....(size: 5.2Kb)
CNN
30 Nov 2012
November 30, 2012 -- Updated 0049 GMT (0849 HKT). David McCue stands near the roof of his beach house, which was completely demolished by Superstorm Sandy, in Ortley Beach, New Jersey, on Sunday, November 25. See photos of the immediate aftermath of Sandy ... Residents wait for free food in a parking lot in Rockaway on Friday ... Andrew Cuomo said Monday afternoon ... <. 1 ... Andrew Cuomo told reporters the total cost in his state was $41 billion ... ....(size: 12.6Kb)
| Andrew Cuomo | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 56th Governor of New York | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 1, 2011 |
|
| Lieutenant | Robert Duffy |
| Preceded by | David Paterson |
| 64th Attorney General of New York | |
| In office January 1, 2007 – December 31, 2010 |
|
| Governor | Eliot Spitzer David Paterson |
| Preceded by | Eliot Spitzer |
| Succeeded by | Eric Schneiderman |
| 11th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development | |
| In office January 29, 1997 – January 20, 2001 |
|
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Henry Cisneros |
| Succeeded by | Mel Martinez |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Andrew Mark Cuomo (1957-12-06) December 6, 1957 (age 54) Queens, New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic Party |
| Spouse(s) | Kerry Kennedy (1990–2005) |
| Children | Cara Michaela Mariah |
| Residence | Executive Mansion |
| Alma mater | Fordham University Albany Law School |
Andrew Mark Cuomo (pronounced /ˈkwoʊmoʊ/; born December 6, 1957) is the 56th and current Governor of New York, having assumed office on January 1, 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 64th New York State Attorney General, and was the 11th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Born in Queens, New York, he is the son of Mario Cuomo, the 52nd Governor of New York (1983–1994).
Contents |
Early life, education, and early political career[link]
Cuomo was born in Queens, New York, to a family of Italian-American origin and is the eldest son of Mario Cuomo, and Matilda Raffa, daughter of Charlie Raffa.[1] He is the older brother of ABC News journalist Chris Cuomo.[2]
Cuomo graduated from Saint Gerard's School in 1971 and Archbishop Molloy High School in 1975. He received his B.A. from Fordham University in 1979, and his J.D. from Albany Law School in 1982. A member of the Democratic Party, Cuomo was a top aide to his father during his 1982 campaign for Governor. He then joined the Governor's staff as one of his father's top policy advisors, earning $1 a year.[3]
From 1984 to 1985, Cuomo was a New York assistant district attorney. Cuomo briefly worked at the law firm of Blutrich, Falcone & Miller. Cuomo founded Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged (HELP) in 1986 and left the law firm to run HELP full-time in 1988.[3][4] From 1990 to 1993, during the administration of former New York City Mayor David Dinkins, Cuomo served as Chairman of the New York City Homeless Commission, which was charged with developing policies to address the homeless issue in the city and to develop more housing options.
Department of Housing and Urban Development (1997-2001)[link]
Andrew Cuomo was appointed to the Department of Housing and Urban Development as Assistant Secretary in 1993, a member of President Bill Clinton's administration.[5] After the departure of Secretary Henry Cisneros at the end of Clinton's first term under the cloud of an FBI investigation,[6] Cuomo succeeded him as HUD Secretary in January 1997 after being unanimously confirmed by the Senate, serving until 2001 when Clinton's administration ended.[5]
In 1998, Cuomo's lauded work in the department garnered speculation that he could challenge Senator Al D'Amato but he ultimately declined, saying that he had more things to revamp in the Department. Instead, Congressman Charles Schumer won the Democratic nomination and ultimately defeated D'Amato. Cuomo was also mentioned as a candidate for U.S. Senator in 2000 but deferred to First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton. He was also on Al Gore's short list for a running mate during the 2000 presidential election.[5]
In 2000, Cuomo led HUD efforts to negotiate an agreement with the United States' largest handgun manufacturer, Smith & Wesson that required Smith & Wesson to change the design, distribution and marketing of guns to make them safer and to help keep them out of the hands of children and criminals.[5] Budgets enacted during his term contained initiatives to increase the supply of affordable housing and homeownership, and to create jobs and economic development. These include new rental assistance subsidies; reforms to integrate public housing; higher limits on mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration; a crackdown on housing discrimination; expanded programs to help homeless people get housing and jobs; and creation of new Empowerment Zones.
During Cuomo's tenure as HUD Secretary, he called for an increase in home ownership.[7] He also pushed government-sponsored lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to buy more home loans issued to poor homeowners, in an attempt to end discrimination against minorities.[4] Some believe that this helped lead to the current subprime mortgage crisis.[7][4][8] Edward J. Pinto, former chief credit officer at Fannie Mae, said "they should have known the risks were large. Cuomo was pushing mortgage bankers to make loans and basically saying you have to offer a loan to everybody."[7] But others disagree with the assessment that Cuomo caused the crisis. Dean Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, said Cuomo "was a contributor in terms of him being a cheerleader, but I don't think we can pin too much blame on him."[7]
According to libertarian author and critic James Bovard, Cuomo was obsessed with changing HUD's image, as Cuomo declared, "The PR is the important thing I do. ... Eighty percent of the battle is communications." He championed a new program called Community Builders, created without appropriation by Congress, for 800 new HUD employees with state-of-the-art computers to be paid as much as $100,000. In a June 16, 1999, speech Cuomo declared that one purpose of the program was to fight against HUD's abolition. In August 1999, Community Builders distributed a letter to community groups to fight against proposed tax cuts. One HUD official declared that Community Builders were seen as "Democratic ward-heelers who act as a pipeline between Democratic city officials, party leaders, and the administration and the Democratic National Committee." In 1998, Clinton-appointed HUD Inspector General Susan Gaffney testified to a Senate committee that she was the victim of "'escalating' attacks on her office by Cuomo and 'his key aides,' including cooked-up charges of racism, insubordination, and malfeasance, and general dirty-dealing." In 1999, Gaffney's office concluded that "most (15 out of 19) Community Builders' goals were activities rather than actual accomplishments." and that Cuomo's initiatives "had a crippling effect on many of HUD's ongoing operations."[9]
2002 election for New York Governor[link]
See also: New York gubernatorial election, 2002
Though Carl McCall was the favorite of the Democratic establishment, Cuomo initially had more momentum and led in fund-raising and polls. A turning point in the campaign occurred on April 17, 2002, when Cuomo said "Pataki stood behind the leader. He held the leader's coat. He was a great assistant to the leader. But he was not a leader. Cream rises to the top, and Rudy Giuliani rose to the top." The remarks were widely derided, and even his father Mario later admitted it was a blunder.[10]
On the eve of the state convention, Cuomo withdrew from consideration after concluding that he had little chance of support as opposed to the favored party candidate, State Comptroller H. Carl McCall.[11] Later, in September 2002, on the all-but-certain defeat that loomed in the state primary, again at the hands of McCall, Cuomo withdrew from the race, but his name remained on the ballot, as it did in the general election, as the Liberal Party of New York candidate. In the primary, the withdrawn candidate only received 14% of the vote. In the general election, he received 15,761 votes out of 4.7 million cast,[12] handing a costly defeat to the Liberal Party, which thereby lost its automatic spot on the New York ballot. McCall, who ran a poor campaign and failed to resonate with voters, was defeated in a landslide by Governor George Pataki.
NY Attorney General (2007-2011)[link]
2006 election[link]
Main article: New York attorney general election, 2006
Some expected Cuomo to run for Governor of New York again as a candidate for the Democratic nomination in 2006, but he decided against a run when New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer entered the race in late 2004. Cuomo declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for New York State Attorney General in 2006, and on May 30, 2006, captured the Democratic Party's endorsement, receiving 65 percent of the delegates' votes. Though Cuomo won the endorsement, former New York City Public Advocate Mark J. Green, Charlie King, a two-time candidate for lieutenant governor, and Sean Patrick Maloney, a former aide to President Clinton, also earned places on the Democratic primary election ballot.[13] King dropped out of the race before the primary and endorsed Cuomo.[14]
Cuomo won the primary with a majority of the vote, defeating his nearest opponent by over 20%. Clinching the Democratic party nomination was considered a significant rebound following his unsuccessful and unpopular 2002 gubernatorial campaign and at the nominating convention, June O'Neill, the Democratic chairwoman of St. Lawrence County, called him "New York's own Comeback Kid."[15] He won the general election against the Republican nominee, former Westchester DA Jeanine Pirro on November 7, 2006, winning 58%-40%. Cuomo won New York City in a landslide, and did quite well upstate, defeating Pirro in the Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, and Albany areas, as well as in Westchester and Rockland counties. Cuomo only narrowly defeated Pirro on Long Island.
Tenure[link]
Police surveillance[link]
Main article: Eliot Spitzer political surveillance controversy
On July 23, 2007, Cuomo's office admonished the Spitzer administration for ordering the State Police to keep special records of then-Senate majority leader Joseph L. Bruno's whereabouts when he traveled with police escorts in New York City.[16] At the direction of top officials of the Spitzer administration, the New York State Police created documents meant to cause political damage to Bruno.[17] Spitzer responded by accepting responsibility and issuing an apology to Senator Bruno.[16][18]
Student loan inquiry[link]
In 2007, Cuomo has been active in a high-profile investigation into lending practices and anti-competitive relationships between student lenders and universities. Specifically, many universities steered student borrowers to a "preferred lender," which resulted in the borrowers incurring higher interest rates. This has led to changes in lending policy at many major American universities. Many universities have also rebated millions of dollars in fees back to affected borrowers.[19][20]
Usenet[link]
On June 10, 2008, Cuomo announced that three major Internet service providers (Verizon Communications, Time Warner Cable, and Sprint) would "shut down major sources of online child pornography" by no longer hosting many Usenet groups. Time Warner Cable ceased offering Usenet altogether, Sprint no longer provides access to the alt.* hierarchy, and Verizon limiting its Usenet offerings to the Big 8. The moves came after Cuomo's office located 88 different newsgroups that contained child pornography.[21][22][23]
Capital punishment[link]
Andrew Cuomo opposes the death penalty.[24]
United States Senate[link]
After Hillary Rodham Clinton became Barack Obama's choice for the position of U.S. Secretary of State, Governor David Paterson was charged with appointing a temporary replacement until a special election in 2010 for the conclusion of her Class 1 seat. Cuomo was seen as a leading contender for this appointment (in fact, his name was first mentioned dating back to the 2008 Presidential primaries).[25][26] Caroline Kennedy (the first cousin of Cuomo's ex-wife) was another leading contender, but withdrew for personal reasons two days before Paterson was set to announce his choice, leaving Cuomo and Rep. Kirsten Gillibrand as the most likely appointees.[26][27] On January 23, Paterson announced he was naming Gillibrand to the Senate.[28]
Governor of New York (2011 – present)[link]
2010 election[link]
Main article: New York gubernatorial election, 2010
Cuomo was a candidate for Governor of New York in 2010.[29][30] On September 18, 2009, advisors to President Barack Obama informed Paterson that the President believed Paterson should withdraw his 2010 gubernatorial candidacy, stepping aside for "popular Attorney General Andrew Cuomo."[31] On January 23, 2010, the New York Daily News reported that Cuomo would announce plans for a gubernatorial campaign at the end of March.[32] Later reports indicated he would announce his gubernatorial campaign coinciding with the state Democratic Convention in late May.[33] On May 22, 2010, Cuomo announced his run for governor in a video posted to his campaign website. Cuomo announced his choice for Lt. Governor on May 26, 2010; Rochester Mayor Robert Duffy was offered, and accepted, the position on the ticket alongside Cuomo.[34]
In the November 2, 2010 general election, Cuomo faced Republican Carl Paladino, a Buffalo-based businessman who had been heavily supported by the Tea Party movement. Cuomo won the election for Governor of the State of New York.[35]
Tenure[link]
Andrew Cuomo assumed the office of Governor at 12:01 a.m. on January 1, 2011, succeeding David Paterson.[36][37]
During his first year as Governor, Cuomo worked to pass an on-time budget[38][39] that cut spending without raising taxes,[40][41] made a new deal with a large state-employee union,[42] signed ethics reform legislation,[43] passed a property tax cap,[44] worked to enact a same-sex marriage bill with bipartisan support,[45][46] and restructured New York’s tax code.[47][48] As of December 20, 2011, Governor Cuomo enjoyed an approval rating of 68%,[49] and there was media speculation about a future presidential run.[50][51][52]
Runaway youth controversy[link]
In early 2011, Cuomo first came under criticism for proposing cutting all funding for New York State programs that support homeless and runaway youth from 6.1 million to 2.3 million: a level not seen since the 1980s. The 70% cut from two years before would leave thousands of youth in New York City without shelter beds.[53] Carl Siciliano, who runs a New York shelter, said “Governor Cuomo’s budget proposal is bad news for the 1,600 homeless LGBT youth stranded on the streets of New York each night without access to a shelter bed. These youth, who suffer horribly and whose lives are in danger, deserve the attention and concern of their governor no less than the other members of our community.”[54] Critics also pointed out that according to the US Justice Department, one in three runaway teens without a place to sleep are forced into prostitution within 48 hours.[53]
Same-sex marriage[link]
In keeping with a campaign promise, Cuomo signed same-sex marriage legislation on June 24, 2011 following an "intense public and private lobbying campaign."[55] After same-sex marriage legislation passed the New York State Senate, Cuomo remarked, "The other states look to New York for the progressive direction... What we said today is, you look to New York once again. New York made a powerful statement, not just for the people of New York, but for people all across this nation."[55] In a post-vote press release, he added, "New York has finally torn down the barrier that has prevented same-sex couples from exercising the freedom to marry and from receiving the fundamental protections that so many couples and families take for granted... With the world watching, the Legislature, by a bipartisan vote, has said that all New Yorkers are equal under the law. With this vote, marriage equality will become a reality in our state, delivering long overdue fairness and legal security to thousands of New Yorkers."[55]
Cuomo was lauded for his efforts to pass same-sex marriage legislation.[56][57][58] One prominent same-sex marriage advocate stated that “for gay Americans, Mr. Cuomo was “the only national politician with hero status.”[57] In the fall of 2011, Governor Cuomo made a speech calling for all states to legalize same-sex marriage; Cuomo stated that “We need marriage equality in every state in this nation… Otherwise, no state really has marriage equality, and we will not rest until it is a reality.”[58] Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act, Governor Cuomo was criticized for describing the viewpoints of same-sex marriage opponents as being “anti-American.”[59][60] On July 25, 2011, a lawsuit was filed in the New York Supreme Court seeking an injunction against the Marriage Equality Act, alleging corruption and violations of the law in the process of passing the bill.[61] The trial court held that the plaintiffs' case could proceed, stating that “clear arm-twisting by the Executive on the Legislative permeate[d the] entire process” by which the same-sex marriage law was passed.[62]
Public employees[link]
On July 16, 2011, Cuomo finalized a five-year deal with the Public Employees Federation to end pay raises, implement furlough days, and require additional contributions to health insurance accounts.[63] In an interview with The New York Times, Cuomo stated his top goal in 2012 is the reduction of public employee pensions.[64]
Taxes[link]
Governor Cuomo received accolades for his 2011 restructuring of the New York State tax code.[65][66][67] Cuomo also received criticism for including tax increases for high earners,[68][69] and for allegedly requesting a unanimous Assembly vote in favor of the proposal and threatening to campaign against Assemblymembers who voted "no"[70] -- a charge Cuomo denied.[70] Cuomo also received criticism from voices on the left who felt that the Governor's tax reform was not far-reaching enough.[69]
Personal life[link]
Cuomo was married to Kerry Kennedy, the seventh child of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy, for 13 years. They have three children: Cara, Michaela and Mariah. The two separated in 2003 and divorced in 2005. As of 2011, Cuomo resided with his girlfriend, Food Network host Sandra Lee.[71][72][73][74][75]
References[link]
- ^ Blauner, Peter (February 13, 1989). "All Star Family Feud: The Governor's In-Laws Battle Over a Father's Legacy". New York Magazine. http://books.google.com/books?id=--cCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=matilda+raffa+cuomo+father&source=bl&ots=YIlxN8_Vsc&sig=ioxeUz6DKTKHw29o7LFvvO1G0gQ&hl=en&ei=La39TL2hJcT_lgfX1_W-CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=matilda%20raffa%20cuomo%20father&f=false. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ^ Barbaro, Michael (November 23, 2010). "All That Time Serving the Public? Very Sexy". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/nyregion/24sexiest.html. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ^ a b O'Shaughnessy, Patrice (September 27, 2009). "Andrew Cuomo: From Horror on the Hudson to Democrats' chosen son". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2009/09/27/2009-09-27_andrew_cuomo_from_horror_on_the_hudson_to_democrats_chosen_son.html. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Andrew Cuomo bio box". The Ithaca Journal. October 23, 2010. http://www.theithacajournal.com/article/20101023/NEWS01/10230393/Andrew-Cuomo-bio-box. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "The (Real) Governator". GQ. January 2012. http://www.gq.com/news-politics/politics/201112/andrew-cuomo-gq-interview-january-2012?currentPage=2. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
- ^ Evans, Judith (November 30, 1996). "HUD's Cisneros to Leave a Legacy of Public Housing Reform". Washington Post: p. E01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/cisneros/stories/cis113096.htm. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Phil Fairbanks (August 21, 2010). "Cuomo's HUD career under scrutiny". The Buffalo News. http://www.buffalonews.com/city/article50994.ece. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ Wayne Barrett (August 5, 2008). "Andrew Cuomo and Fannie and Freddie". The Village Voice. http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-08-05/news/how-andrew-cuomo-gave-birth-to-the-crisis-at-fannie-mae-and-freddie-mac/. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ James Bovard (2000). Feeling Your Pain: The Explosion and Abuse Of Government Power in the Clinton-Gore Years. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 182-184. 0-312-23082-6.
- ^ Dreher, Rod (September 4, 2002). "Where the Son Doesn't Follow". National Review Online. http://www.nationalreview.com/dreher/dreher090402.asp. Retrieved July 23, 2007.
- ^ Schneider, Bill (September 6, 2002). "Let a political connection be your umbrella?". Inside Politics (CNN.com). http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/09/06/ip.pol.umbrella/index.html. Retrieved July 23, 2007.
- ^ "2002 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections. December 13, 2002. http://www.elections.state.ny.us/2002ElectionResults.html. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Hicks, Jonathan P. (May 31, 2006). "Cuomo Wins Democrats' Backing in Primary Race for Attorney General". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/31/nyregion/31ag.html. Retrieved July 23, 2007.
- ^ Benjamin, Elizabeth (February 26, 2010). "Sharpton Praises Paterson, Won't Endorse Cuomo Today". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/sharpton-praises-paterson-wont.html. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ^ Hicks, Jonathan P (May 31, 2006). "Cuomo Wins Democrats' Backing in Primary Race for Attorney General". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/31/nyregion/31ag.html?_r=1. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ a b Hakim, Danny (July 23, 2007). "Spitzer's Staff Misused Police, Report Finds". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/23/nyregion/23cnd-spitzer.html?ei=5065&en=092d738cd9b81f16&ex=1185854400&adxnnl=1&partner=MYWAY&adxnnlx=1185242622-K6Y7/EG67UtZryyQopmEOg&pagewanted=print. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ^ Matthews, Cara (July 23, 2007). "Cuomo: Spitzer aides used state police to try to damage Bruno". The Ithaca Journal. http://www.theithacajournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070723/NEWS01/70723006/1002. Retrieved July 24, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Goldenberg, Sally (July 23, 2007). "Report: Governor's office compiled, leaked data on Bruno". Staten Island Advance. http://blog.silive.com/advanceupdate/2007/07/report_governor_office_compil.html. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ^ "Cuomo: School loan corruption widespread". U.S.A. Today. April 10, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/banking/2007-04-10-cuomo-student-loan-probe_N.htm. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
- ^ Lederman, Doug (May 15, 2007). "The First Casualty". Inside Higher Education. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/05/15/texas. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
- ^ Rosencrance, Lisa. "3 top ISPs to block access to sources of child porn." Computer World. June 8, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ^ DeJean, David. "Usenet: Not Dead Yet." PC World. Tuesday October 7, 2008. 2. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ^ McCullagh, Declan (June 10, 2008). "N.Y. attorney general forces ISPs to curb Usenet access". CNET News. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-9964895-38.html. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ Andrew Cuomo Calls for Reexamination of NY's Death Penalty. Death Penalty Information Center. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/450. Retrieved October 10, 2009
- ^ Chan, Sewell and Richard Pérez-Peña (January 22, 2007). "If Clinton Should Win, Who Would Take Her Place?". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CE0DC1F30F931A15752C0A9619C8B63. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ^ a b Hakim, Danny (October 4, 2007). "Wishing and Hoping for Clinton's Seat". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9503E6DA1F30F937A35753C1A9619C8B63. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ^ Hakim, Danny (November 21, 2008). "New York Weighs Options to Fill the Seat of Senator Clinton". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/22/nyregion/22york.html. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ^ Silverleib, Alan (January 23, 2009). "N.Y. governor names Clinton successor". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/01/23/gillibrand.profile/index.html. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- ^ "AIG Chief Benmosche Says Cuomo ‘Unbelievably Wrong’ on Bonuses". Bloomberg.com. September 1, 2009. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=ao.iJvIRIdeI. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
- ^ "Gov. Paterson or AG Cuomo for NY Governor?". www.WHEC.com. August 18, 2009. http://www.whec.com/news/stories/S1091389.shtml?cat=565. Retrieved May 16, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Obama cordial but cool to Gov. David Paterson". Newsday.com. September 21, 2009. http://www.newsday.com/news/region-state/obama-cordial-but-cool-to-gov-paterson-1.1465587. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
- ^ Molloy, Joanna (January 23, 2010). "Source says Andrew Cuomo will announce plans to run for New York Governor in March". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2010/01/23/2010-01-23_source_says_andrew_cuomo_will_announce_plans_to_run_for_new_york_governor_in_mar.html. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
- ^ Goldman, Henry (May 30, 2005). "Cuomo Said to Wait for N.Y. Convention to Declare Governor Run". Bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ao6UppVoMprA. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
- ^ "Cuomo Names Mayor Duffy as Running Mate". Your News Now (YNN) Rochester. May 26, 2010. http://rochester.ynn.com/content/top_stories/505988/cuomo-names-mayor-duffy-as-running-mate/. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
- ^ "Long Islanders put Paladino to test as their cup of tea," Buffalo News, September 12, 2010.
- ^ Hakim, Danny (December 31, 2010). "Cuomo Is Sworn In as New York’s Governor". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/01/nyregion/01swearing.html?_r=1&hp. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
- ^ Gershman, Jacob (January 2, 2011). "Cuomo Takes Office, Calls New York State's Reputation a 'National Joke'". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704543604576054750661022820.html. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
- ^ Kaplan, Thomas (March 31, 2011). "Albany Approves Budget, With Time to Spare". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/nyregion/31nybudget-albany.html.
- ^ Scott, Brendan; Dicker, Fredric U. (March 31, 2011). "Amazing! State pols OK budget on time". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/amazing_state_pols_ok_budget_on_9YH2yhLjFuFxF0ATtTcSII.
- ^ Lovett, Kenneth; Blain, Glenn (March 27, 2011). "Cuomo, lawmakers reach New York State budget deal, agreeing on 2% cut in spending and no new taxes". Daily News (New York). http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-03-27/local/29375758_1_new-york-state-budget-cuomo-spending-cuts.
- ^ "Cuomo Praises Lawmakers In Video Victory Lap". Capitaltonight.com. March 31, 2011. http://www.capitaltonight.com/2011/03/cuomo-victory-lap/. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Kaplan, Thomas (November 3, 2011). "Public Employees Union Accepts Cuomo's Contract Deal to Avert Layoffs". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/04/nyregion/public-employees-union-accepts-cuomos-contract-deal-to-avert-layoffs.html.
- ^ Hamilton, Colby. "Cuomo signs ethics reform into law - WNYC". Empire.wnyc.org. http://empire.wnyc.org/2011/08/cuomo-signs-ethics-reform-into-law/. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "Governor Cuomo Signs Historic Property Tax Cap Legislation In Nassau County | Governor Andrew M. Cuomo". Governor.ny.gov. June 30, 2011. http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/6302011HistoricPropertyTaxCap. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Baum, Geraldine (June 25, 2011). "Gay marriage fight shows N.Y. Gov. Andrew Cuomo is no rookie". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/25/nation/la-na-gay-new-york-20110626.
- ^ Smith, Chris. "Gay Marriage All Goes According to Andrew Cuomo’s Plan - Daily Intel". Nymag.com. http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2011/06/gay_marriage_bill_all_goes_acc.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "Assembly (Finally) Passes Tax Package". Daily News (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2011/12/assembly-finally-passes-tax-package.
- ^ Lovett, Kenneth (December 6, 2011). "Cuomo announces sweeping tax deal". Daily News (New York). http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-12-06/news/30483620_1_tax-rate-tax-surcharge-tax-code.
- ^ Walker, Hunter (December 20, 2011). "Poll Finds Governor Cuomo’s Approval Rating Remains High Despite Mixed Reaction to Tax Plan | Politicker". Politickerny.com. http://www.politickerny.com/2011/12/20/poll-finds-governor-cuomos-approval-rating-remains-high-despite-mixed-reaction-to-tax-plan/. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "Andrew Cuomo 2016 speculation heating up - Edward-Isaac Dovere and Maggie Haberman". Politico.Com. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/57765.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Charlie Gasparino (February 2, 2011). "Governor Andrew Cuomo: Why He will Run for President in 2016". The Daily Beast. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/02/02/governor-andrew-cuomo-why-hell-run-for-president-in-2016.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "Cuomo jumpstarts 2016 speculation". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. June 25, 2011. http://www.seattlepi.com/national/politico/article/Cuomo-jumpstarts-2016-speculation-1440448.php.
- ^ a b Schur, Catherine (March 30, 2011). "Cuomo’s budget plan leaves homeless youth with no where to go". NewHouse Communications Center. https://nccnews.expressions.syr.edu/?p=12113. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ Schindler, Paul (January 22, 2012). "Homeless youth get no love from Gov. Cuomo". Gay City News. http://voicesofny.org/2012/01/homeless-youth-get-no-love-from-gov-cuomo/. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ a b c Epstein, Reid (June 24, 2011). "Cuomo signs New York gay marriage bill". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/57749.html. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ "Gossip". Daily News (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/gov-andrew-cuomo-honored-empire-state-pride-agenda-key-gay-marriage-figures-missing-article-1.967831.
- ^ a b Kaplan, Thomas (December 1, 2011). "Cuomo Fund Fills With Money From Thankful Gay Donors". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/02/nyregion/cuomo-fund-fills-with-money-from-thankful-gay-donors.html?pagewanted=all.
- ^ a b Kaplan, Thomas (October 27, 2011). "Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo Calls for Same-Sex Marriage in All States". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/28/nyregion/gov-andrew-m-cuomo-calls-for-same-sex-marriage-in-all-states.html.
- ^ Bolcer, Julie (October 25, 2011). "Gay Marriage Opponents Want Apology from Cuomo". The Advocate. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2011/10/25/Gay_Marriage_Opponents_Want_Apology_from_Cuomo/. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Burling: Cuomo “Doesn’t Scare Me” | Politics on the Hudson". Polhudson.lohudblogs.com. December 9, 2011. http://polhudson.lohudblogs.com/2011/12/09/burling-cuomo-doesnt-scare-me/. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "Lawsuit filed over New York same-sex marriage law". Cnn.com. July 25, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/07/25/new.york.gay.marriage.lawsuit/. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ^ Kaplan, Thomas (November 29, 2011). "Judge Says Lawsuit Against Gay Marriage Law in New York May Proceed". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/30/nyregion/judge-says-lawsuit-against-gay-marriage-law-in-new-york-may-proceed.html.
- ^ Kaplan, Thomas (July 17, 2011). "Union Yields on Benefits in Deal With Cuomo". The New York Times: pp. A16. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/17/nyregion/to-save-jobs-union-approves-big-concessions-in-deal-with-cuomo.html.
- ^ Kaplan, Thomas; Barbaro, Michael (July 14, 2011). "Cuomo Says Curbing Public Pension Benefits Will Be His Top Goal in ’12". The New York Times: pp. A20. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/14/nyregion/cuomo-says-he-wants-to-tackle-pension-changes-in-2012.html.
- ^ "Capitol Confidential » Tax code agreement React-O-Mat". Blog.timesunion.com. December 6, 2011. http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/93839/tax-code-agreement-react-o-mat/. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Name * (December 7, 2011). "Bronx Pols Get Behind Cuomo’s Tax Plan". Norwood News. http://www.norwoodnews.org/id=5056&story=bronx-pols-get-behind-cuomos-tax-plan/. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Associated Press. "Governor Andrew Cuomo hears hosannas for New York deal on tax reform". SILive.com. http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2011/12/governor_andrew_cuomo_hears_ho.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ McMahon, E.J. (December 5, 2011). "Andrew's lip service". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/andrew_lip_service_yJpWH4ySvPeGnFzqRDGNTL.
- ^ a b Kaplan, Thomas (December 6, 2011). "Albany Tax Deal to Raise Rate for Highest Earners". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/nyregion/cuomo-and-legislative-leaders-agree-on-tax-deal.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ a b By JIMMY VIELKIND, Capitol bureau (December 8, 2011). "Governor to Assembly GOP: Vote for tax code unanimously or risk seats". Times Union. http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Governor-to-Assembly-GOP-Vote-for-tax-code-2391075.php. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "AG Andrew Dating Foodie". New York Post. December 8, 2008. http://www.nypost.com/seven/12082008/gossip/pagesix/ag_andrew_dating_foodie_143139.htm. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
- ^ "A TV Cook’s Next Serving? Cuomo Family Style" by Michael Barbaro, The New York Times, May 15, 2010. "Sandra Lee has built an empire with her simple cooking advice, and as Andrew M. Cuomo’s companion, she may soon be hosting parties at the governor’s mansion." Retrieved May 15, 2010.
- ^ Gibson, David (January 7, 2011). "Andrew Cuomo Takes Communion and Revives the 'Good Catholic' Debate". Politics Daily. http://www.politicsdaily.com/2011/01/07/andrew-cuomo-takes-communion-and-revives-the-good-catholic-deb/. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Blain, Glenn (January 2, 2011). "On second day in office, Cuomo attends church with daughters and Sandra Lee". New York Daily News. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-01-02/local/27086115_1_ethics-training-mario-cuomo-state-government. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Fermino, Jennifer (January 3, 2011). "Cuomo’s gal talks about life as the governor's girlfriend". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/cuomo_soul_mate_settles_into_her_nmWFGoP83fWvz0ReZlU62L. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Andrew Cuomo |
- Governor Andrew M. Cuomo official state government site
- Andrew Cuomo for New York Governor official campaign site
- Biography at the National Governors Association
- Biography, interest group ratings, public statements, vetoes and campaign finances at Project Vote Smart
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances on Charlie Rose programs
- Appearances at the Internet Movie Database
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Works by or about Andrew Cuomo in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cuomo, Andrew |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | December 6, 1957 |
| Place of birth | Queens, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Andrew_Cuomo
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named John Andrew, see John Andrew (disambiguation).
| John Albion Andrew | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 25th Governor of Massachusetts | |
| In office January 3, 1861 – January 4, 1866 |
|
| Lieutenant | John Z. Goodrich (1861) John Nesmith (1862) Joel Hayden (1863-1866) |
| Preceded by | Nathaniel P. Banks |
| Succeeded by | Alexander H. Bullock |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1818-05-31)May 31, 1818 Windham, Maine |
| Died | October 30, 1867(1867-10-30) (aged 49) Boston, Massachusetts |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Eliza Jane Hersey |
| Children | John F. Andrew |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Signature | John Albion Andrew's signature |
John Albion Andrew (May 31, 1818 – October 30, 1867) was a U.S. political figure. He served as the 25th Governor of Massachusetts between 1861 and 1866 during the American Civil War. He was a guiding force behind the creation of some of the first U.S. Army units of black men—including the famed 54th Massachusetts Infantry.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
John A. Andrew was born in Windham, Maine. His father, Jonathan Andrew was a descendant of an early settler of Boxford, Massachusetts and a small but prosperous trader in Windham. His mother, Nancy Green Pierce, was a teacher at Fryeburg Academy. John Albion was the eldest son. His mother died in 1832.
Andrew entered Bowdoin College in 1833. Although he was studious and popular with other students, he did not shine academically and was ranked near the lowest in his class. After his graduation in 1837, he moved to Boston to study law under Henry H. Fuller, with whom he became close friends.
Andrew married Eliza Jane Hersey of Hingham on Christmas evening, 1848. They had four children: John Forrester, born November 26, 1850; Elizabeth Loring, born July 29, 1852; Edith, born April 5, 1854; Henry Hersey, born April 28, 1858.
After his admission to the bar, Andrew joined the Whig party and began to support the anti-slavery movement. In 1848, he helped organize the Free Soil Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery. Following the failure of the Free Soil Party, Andrew joined the Republican party in the mid-1850s.
He was elected to as a Representative in the General Court in 1857. Following John Brown's 1859 raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia, Andrew participated in organizing legal aid for Brown, generating favorable responses amongst the people of Massachusetts. In 1860, he was elected governor of Massachusetts by a huge margin.
Governor of Massachusetts[link]
When Andrew took office on January 2, 1861, on the eve of the Civil War, the Albany Argus called him "a lawyer of a low type and a brutal fanatic" who "proposes to maintain the condemned [ personal liberty ] statutes of [Massachusetts], and to force upon the South by arms, an allegiance to the Constitution thus violated."[2] Andrew immediately began to ready the Massachusetts militia for duty. He also asked the governors of Maine and New Hampshire to prepare for war. Among his early actions were to accept recruits from other states to serve in Massachusetts regiments, including 500 men from California who he encouraged to join the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry in 1862 and early 1863.
Andrew's strong feelings about emancipation are clearly expressed in the following quote from an 1862 speech:
| “ | I know not what record of sin awaits me in the other world, but this I know, that I was never mean enough to despise any man because he was black. | ” |
Andrew was receptive to the concept of using black men as uniformed soldiers in the Union army. In April 1862 he begin working closely with the Federal government and with Frederick Douglass. He wrote letters to different states and to Lincoln trying to get support. He authorized the formation of two regiments of black infantry, the 54th and 55th Massachusetts, composed of blacks from the state, as well as Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, and other states. Shortly after the Battle of Antietam, Andrew became one of the leading state executives at the Loyal War Governors' Conference in Altoona, Pennsylvania, which ultimately backed Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the war effort.
In 1864, Andrew wrote a letter to his close friend and distant cousin President Abraham Lincoln describing a woman named Lydia Bixby who lost five sons in battle and asking Lincoln to express his condolences. Lincoln then sent the famous Letter to Mrs. Bixby to Bixby, who turned out to not only dislike Lincoln, but was also a Confederate sympathizer.
He left the office of governor in 1866 and again took up the practice of law, although he intended to remain active in politics. Having associated with the Radical Republicans during the war, Andrew took a more conciliatory tone towards Reconstruction, and did not favor some of the Radical Republicans' more extreme measures.
He died in 1867 of apoplexy after having tea at his home in Boston. He is buried in the Hingham (Old Ship) Cemetery in Hingham, Massachusetts.
Honors and memorials[link]
In 2007, governor Deval Patrick hung Andrew's portrait over the fireplace in his office, calling him an inspiration.
John A. Andrew St., in the Jamaica Plain section of Boston, is named in his honor, and his name is one of four on the Soldier's Memorial in the same community.
John Andrew Hospital in Tuskegee, Alabama is named for him.[3]
Andrew Square in South Boston and the associated MBTA Red Line subway station Andrew Station.
References[link]
- ^ State Street Trust Company. Forty of Boston's historic houses. 1912.
- ^ Cited in the Brooklyn (New York) Daily Eagle, January 10, 1861, p.2.
- ^ Watson, Wilbur H. (1999). Against the Odds: Blacks in the Profession of Medicine in the United States. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. pp. 68. ISBN 978-0-585-32416-6. OCLC 45843812. http://books.google.com/books?id=bBdzgGN6OJYC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=andrew+hospital+tuskegee+governor&source=web&ots=Wh0ZnzFkl2&sig=PyL-3-TQFbtKryOau5FAV0nY0wk#PPA68,M1. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
- The Bay State Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3 by Various at Project Gutenberg
- Official Commonwealth of Massachusetts Governor Biography
External links[link]
- Jamaica Plain Historical Society
"Andrew, John Albion". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900. - Library of Congress. Photo of John A. Andrew statue, State House, Boston, Mass.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Nathaniel P. Banks |
Governor of Massachusetts January 3, 1861 – January 4, 1866 |
Succeeded by Alexander H. Bullock |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Andrew, John Albion |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician |
| Date of birth | May 31, 1818 |
| Place of birth | Windham, Maine |
| Date of death | October 30, 1867 |
| Place of death | Boston, Massachusetts |
http://wn.com/John_Albion_Andrew
Related pages:
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Albion_Andrew
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Barack Obama | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 44th President of the United States | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 20, 2009 |
|
| Vice President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | George W. Bush |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Barack Hussein Obama II[1] (1961-08-04) August 4, 1961 (age 50) Honolulu, Hawaii, United States[1] |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Michelle Robinson (m. 1992) |
| Children | Malia (b.1998) Sasha (b.2001) |
| Residence | The White House |
| Alma mater | Occidental College Columbia University (B.A.) Harvard Law School (J.D.) |
| Profession | Community organizer Attorney Author Constitutional law professor United States Senator President of the United States |
| Religion | Christian,[2] former member of United Church of Christ[3][4] |
| Signature |  |
| Website | WhiteHouse.gov |
 |
This article is part of a series on Barack Obama |
|---|---|
The Presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when he became the 44th President of the United States. Obama was a United States Senator from Illinois at the time of his victory over Arizona Senator John McCain in the 2008 presidential election. Barack Obama is the first African-American president of the United States, as well as the first born in Hawaii.
His policy decisions have addressed a global financial crisis and have included changes in tax policies, legislation to reform the United States health care industry, foreign policy initiatives and the phasing out of detention of prisoners at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. He attended the G-20 London summit and later visited U.S. troops in Iraq. On the tour of various European countries following the G-20 summit, he announced in Prague that he intended to negotiate substantial reduction in the world's nuclear arsenals, en route to their eventual extinction. In October 2009, Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for "his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."
Contents
|
Transition period[link]
Main article: Presidential transition of Barack Obama
The presidential transition period began following Obama's election to the presidency on November 4, 2008. The Obama-Biden Transition Project was co-chaired by John Podesta, Valerie Jarrett, and Pete Rouse. During the transition period, Obama announced his nominations for his Cabinet and administration. Shortly after the election on November 4, Obama chose Representative Rahm Emanuel of Illinois as White House Chief of Staff.[5]
Cabinet nominations included former Democratic primary opponents Hillary Rodham Clinton for Secretary of State and Bill Richardson for Secretary of Commerce (although the latter withdrew on January 4, 2009). Obama appointed Eric Holder as his Attorney General, the first African-American appointed to that position. He also nominated Timothy F. Geithner to serve as Secretary of the Treasury.[6] On December 1, Obama announced that he had asked Robert Gates to remain as Secretary of Defense, making Gates the first Defense head to carry over from a president of a different party.[7] He nominated former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Susan Rice to the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, which he restored to a Cabinet-level position.[8]
During his transition, he maintained a website Change.gov, on which he wrote blogs to readers and uploaded video addresses by many of the members of his new cabinet.[9] He announced strict rules for federal lobbyists, restricting them from financially contributing to his administration and forcing them to stop lobbying while working for him.[10] The website also allowed individuals to share stories and visions with each other and the transition team in what was called the Citizen's Briefing Book, which was given to Obama shortly after his inauguration.[11] Most of the information from Change.gov was transferred to the official White House website whitehouse.gov just after Obama's inauguration.[12]
Inauguration[link]
Main article: Inauguration of Barack Obama
Barack Obama was inaugurated on January 20, 2009. He officially assumed the presidency at 12:00 noon, EST,[13] and completed the oath of office at 12:05 PM, EST. He delivered his inaugural address immediately following his oath. After his speech, he went to the President's Room in the House Wing of the Capitol and signed three documents: a commemorative proclamation, a list of Cabinet appointments, and a list of sub-Cabinet appointments, before attending a luncheon with congressional and administration leaders and invited guests.[14] To commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of former President Abraham Lincoln, the same Bible that was used for Lincoln's inauguration was used in Obama's inauguration.[15]
In administering the oath, Chief Justice John G. Roberts misplaced the word "faithfully" and erroneously replaced the phrase "President of the United States" with "President to the United States" before restating the phrase correctly; since Obama initially repeated the incorrect form, some scholars argued the President should take the oath again.[16] On January 21, Roberts readministered the oath to Obama in a private ceremony in the White House Map Room, making him the seventh U.S. president to retake the oath; White House Counsel Greg Craig said Obama took the oath from Roberts a second time out of an "abundance of caution".[17]
First 100 days[link]
Main article: First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency
Expectations[link]
Obama's 100th day in office was April 29, 2009. In his first post-election interview with 60 Minutes, Obama said that he has been studying Franklin Roosevelt's first 100 days,[18] while adding, "The first hundred days is going to be important, but it's probably going to be the first thousand days that makes the difference."[19]
Obama's first 100 days were highly anticipated ever since he became the presumptive nominee.[20] Several news outlets created web pages dedicated to covering the subject.[21] Commentators weighed in on challenges and priorities within domestic, foreign, economic, and environmental policy.[22][23][24][25] CNN lists a number of economic issues that "Obama and his team will have to tackle in their first 100 days", foremost among which is passing and implementing a recovery package to deal with the financial crisis.[24] Clive Stafford Smith, a British human rights lawyer, expressed hopes that the new president will close Guantanamo Bay detention camp in his first 100 days in office.[23] After aides of the president announced his intention to give a major foreign policy speech in the capital of an Islamic country, there were speculations in Jakarta that he might return to his former home city within the first 100 days.[26]
The New York Times devoted a five-part series, which was spread out over two weeks, to anticipatory analysis of Obama's first hundred days. Each day, the analysis of a political expert was followed by freely edited blog postings from readers. The writers compared Obama's prospects with the situations of Franklin D. Roosevelt (January 16, Jean Edward Smith),[27] John F. Kennedy (January 19, Richard Reeves),[28] Lyndon B. Johnson (January 23, Robert Dallek),[29] Ronald Reagan (January 27, Lou Cannon),[30] and Richard Nixon.
Legislation and executive orders[link]
Within minutes of taking the Oath of Office on January 20, Obama's Chief of Staff, Rahm Emanuel, issued an order suspending last-minute federal regulations pushed through by outgoing President George W. Bush, planning to review everything still pending.[31] Due to the economic crisis, the President enacted a pay freeze for Senior White House Staff making more than $100,000 per year,[32] as well as announcing stricter guidelines regarding lobbyists in an effort to raise the ethical standards of the White House.[33] He asked for a waiver to his own new rules, however, for the appointments of William Lynn to the position of Deputy Defense Secretary, Jocelyn Frye to the position of director of policy and projects in the Office of the First Lady, and Cecilia Muñoz to the position of director of intergovernmental affairs in the executive office of the president, leading to some criticism of hypocrisy and violation of his pledge for governmental openness.[34][35]
In his first week in office, Obama signed Executive Order 13492 suspending all the ongoing proceedings of Guantanamo military commission and ordering the detention facility to be shut down within the year.[36][37][38] He also signed Executive Order 13491 - Ensuring Lawful Interrogations requiring the Army Field Manual to be used as a guide for terror interrogations, banning torture and other coercive techniques, such as waterboarding.[39] Obama also issued an executive order entitled "Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel", setting stricter limitations on incoming executive branch employees and placing tighter restrictions on lobbying in the White House.[40] Obama signed two Presidential Memoranda concerning energy independence, ordering the Department of Transportation to establish higher fuel efficiency standards before 2011 models are released and allowing states to raise their emissions standards above the national standard.[41] He also ended the Mexico City Policy, which banned federal grants to international groups that provide abortion services or counseling.[42][43]
In his first week he also established a policy of producing a weekly Saturday morning video address available on whitehouse.gov and YouTube,[44][45][46] much like those released during his transition period.[47][48] The first address had been viewed by 600,000 YouTube viewers by the next afternoon.[49]
The first piece of legislation Obama signed was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 on January 29, which revised the statute of limitations for filing pay discrimination lawsuits. Lilly Ledbetter joined Obama and his wife, Michelle, as he signed the bill, fulfilling his campaign pledge to nullify Ledbetter v. Goodyear.[50] On February 3, he signed the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIP), expanding health care from 7 million children under the plan to 11 million.[51]
 President Obama signs the ARRA into law on February 17, 2009 in Denver, Colorado. Vice President Joe Biden stands behind him.
 Obama addresses a joint session of Congress, with Vice President Joe Biden and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.
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 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 was a focal point of Barack Obama's February 24, 2009 Address Before a Joint Session of Congress.
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After much debate, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) was passed by both the House and Senate on February 13, 2009. Originally intended to be a bipartisan bill, the passage of the bill was largely along party lines. No Republicans voted for it in the House, and three moderate Republicans voted for it in the Senate (Susan Collins and Olympia Snowe of Maine and Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania).[52] The bill combined tax breaks with spending on infrastructure projects, extension of welfare benefits, and education.[53][54] The final cost of the bill was $787 billion, and almost $1.2 trillion with debt service included.[55] Obama signed the Act into law on February 17, 2009, in Denver, Colorado.[56]
On March 9, 2009, Obama lifted restrictions on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research,[57] and in doing so, called into question some of George W. Bush's signing statements. Obama stated that he too would employ signing statements if he deems upon review that a portion of a bill is unconstitutional,[58][59] and he has issued several signing statements.[60]
Early in his presidency, Obama signed a law raising the tobacco tax 62 cents on a pack of cigarettes.[61] The tax is to be "used to finance a major expansion of health insurance for children", and "help some [smokers] to quit and persuade young people not to start".[61]
In October 2011, Obama instituted the We Can't Wait program, which involved using executive orders, administrative rulemaking, and recess appointments to institute policies without the support of Congress.[62] The initiative was developed in response to Congress's unwillingness to pass economic legislation proposed by Obama, and conflicts in Congress during the 2011 debt ceiling crisis.[63]
Approval ratings and opinion[link]
2009[link]
After his transition period, Obama entered office with an approval rating of 82%.[64] At the end of his first week, 68% of respondents in a Gallup poll approved of how Obama was handling his job, the second highest approval rating for a President shortly after being elected since World War II.[65] Throughout early February polls showed scattered approval ratings: 62% (CBS News),[66] 64% (USA Today/Gallup), 66% (Gallup), and 76% in an outlier poll (CNN/Opinion Research).[67][68] Gallup reported the congressional address in late February boosted his approval from a term-low of 59% to 67%.[69]
Throughout autumn 2009, Rasmussen estimated Obama's approval as fluctuating between 45% and 52% and his disapproval between 48% and 54%;[70] as of November 11, Pew Research estimated Obama's approval between 51% and 55% and his disapproval between 33% and 37% since July.[71]
Handling of the economy[link]
Rasmussen reported in mid-February 2009, that 55% of voters gave Obama good or excellent marks on his handling of the economy.[72] In early March, a The Wall Street Journal survey of 49 economists gave Obama an average grade of 59 out of 100, with 42% of the respondents surveyed giving the administration's economic policies a grade below 60 percent. In comparison, only 30% of those same economists considered the response of governments around the world to the global recession to have been adequate.[73] In April, a Gallup poll showed trust in Obama's economic policy with 71% saying they had "a fair amount" or "a great deal" of confidence in Obama's handling of the economy, higher than for Ben Bernanke, Tim Geithner, or leaders of Congress.[74] Another Gallup poll in June showed 55% of Americans approved Obama's overall handling of the economy, but 48% and 51% disapproved of his handling of the federal budget deficit and controlling federal spending, respectively.[75] A CBS News poll taken August 27–31 showed 53% of those polled approved of his handling of the economy.[76] A Rasmussen poll taken on November 12 found 45% of Americans rating Obama's handling of the economy as poor and 39% rating him as doing a good or excellent job. They found 72% of Democrats rated his handling of the economy as good or excellent, while only 10% of Republicans and 27% of voters not affiliated with either party agreed.[77]
2010[link]
On March 25, 2010, following his signing of landmark health care reform legislation into law, Obama's polling was revealed by Bloomberg to be 50%, with higher marks for relations with other countries (58%) and his running of the war in Afghanistan (54%). "Obama's approval rating is roughly equal to what Bill Clinton had at this point in his presidency, according to data maintained by Gallup (and) higher than the 45 percent Ronald Reagan recorded in April 1982" and more favorable than Democrats or Republicans office in 2010. They found Obama's approval rating was at 85% among Democrats, compared with 46% among independents and 11% among Republicans.[78]
Fox News released the results of two polls on April 8–9, 2010. The first showed a drop in Obama's approval rating to 43%, with 48% disapproving. In that poll, Democrats approved of Obama's performance 80–12%, while independents disapproved 49–38%.[79] The other poll, which concentrated on the economy, showed disapproval of Obama's handling of the economy by a 53–42% margin, with 62% saying they were dissatisfied with the handling of the federal deficit.[80] According to a Gallup Poll released April 10, 2010, President Obama had a 45% approval rating, with 48% disapproving.[81] In a poll from Rasmussen Reports, released April 10, 2010, 47% approved of the President's performance, while 53% disapproved.[82][83]
2011[link]
Obama's approval rating jumped to a high following the death of Osama Bin Laden on May 2, 2011. A GfK poll conducted May 5, 2011 found his approval rating to be 60%. During the debt ceiling debate in August 2011, Obama's approval rating dropped to the low-40s.[84]
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Major legislation[link]
2009[link]
- January 29: Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
- February 4: Children's Health Insurance Reauthorization Act
- February 11: DTV Delay Act
- February 17: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
- March 30: Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009
- April 21: Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act
- May 20: Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act
- May 20: Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009
- May 22: Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act of 2009
- June 22: Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
- August 6: Cash For Clunkers Extension Act
- October 22: Veterans Health Care Budget Reform and Transparency Act
- October 28: Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
- October 30: Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act
- November 6: Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009
2010[link]
- January 27: Emergency Aid to American Survivors of Haiti Earthquake Act
- March 4: Travel Promotion Act
- March 18: Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (HIRE Act)
- March 23: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
- March 30: Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010
- May 5: Caregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010
- May 17: Daniel Pearl Freedom of the Press Act
- July 1: Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
- July 21: Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
- July 22: Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2010
- July 22: Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010
- August 10: SPEECH Act
- September 27: Small Business Jobs and Credit Act of 2010
- December 9: Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act of 2010
- December 13: Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
- December 17: Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010
- December 22: Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
2011[link]
- January 2: James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 (H.R. 847)
- January 4: Food Safety and Modernization Act, Pub.L. 111-353, H.R. 2751
- August 2: Budget Control Act of 2011
- October 21: United States-Colombia Free Trade Agreement Implemention Act
- October 21: United States-Panama Free Trade Agreement Implemention Act
- October 21: United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement Implemention Act
Personnel[link]
Cabinet appointees[link]
Main articles: First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency#Administration and Cabinet and Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet
 |
||
| The Obama Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office | Name | Term |
| President | Barack Obama | 2009–present |
| Vice President | Joe Biden | 2009–present |
| Secretary of State | Hillary Clinton | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Treasury | Timothy Geithner | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Defense | Robert Gates* | 2006–2011 |
| Leon Panetta | 2011–present | |
| Attorney General | Eric Holder | 2009–present |
| Secretary of the Interior | Ken Salazar | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Agriculture | Tom Vilsack | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Commerce | Gary Locke | 2009–2011 |
| John Bryson | 2011–present | |
| Secretary of Labor | Hilda Solis | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Health and Human Services |
Kathleen Sebelius | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Education | Arne Duncan | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Housing and Urban Development |
Shaun Donovan | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Transportation | Ray LaHood | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Energy | Steven Chu | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Veterans Affairs | Eric Shinseki | 2009–present |
| Secretary of Homeland Security | Janet Napolitano | 2009–present |
| Chief of Staff | Rahm Emanuel | 2009–2010 |
| William Daley | 2011–2012 | |
| Jacob Lew | 2012–present | |
| Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency |
Lisa Jackson | 2009–present |
| Director of the Office of Management and Budget |
Peter Orszag | 2009–2010 |
| Jacob Lew | 2010–2012 | |
| Jeffrey Zients** | 2012–present | |
| Ambassador to the United Nations | Susan Rice | 2009–present |
| United States Trade Representative | Ron Kirk | 2009–present |
| *Retained from previous administration **Acting |
||
Twenty-two members of the Obama administration are either in the United States Cabinet (15) or are in positions considered to be Cabinet-level (7). The members of the Cabinet are the heads of the fifteen major departments (State, Defense, Justice, etc.), and the seven cabinet-level positions are the Vice President, White House Chief of Staff, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, U.S. Trade Representative, Ambassador to the United Nations, and the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers.[85][86] Since Robert Gates was a member of the previous administration, his letter of resignation (a formality at the end of a President's term) was simply not accepted, and he did not need confirmation.[87] On January 19, 2009, Senate Democratic leaders requested fifteen of the twenty positions to be ratified by unanimous consent,[88] and seven gained unanimous confirmation by voice vote the next day: Ken Salazar, Steven Chu, Arne Duncan, Peter Orszag, Eric Shinseki, Tom Vilsack, and Janet Napolitano.[87][89] On January 21, Obama presided over the swearing in of the seven unanimous nominees.[90] Later that day, the Senate confirmed Hillary Clinton by a 94–2 vote. On January 22, several more confirmations were approved unanimously: Susan E. Rice, Ray LaHood, Lisa P. Jackson, and Shaun Donovan.[91] On January 26, the Senate confirmed Geithner by a 60–34 margin.[92][93]
At the conclusion of Obama's first week as President, Hilda Solis, Tom Daschle, Ron Kirk, and Eric Holder had yet to be confirmed, and there had been no second appointment for Secretary of Commerce.[93] Holder was confirmed by a vote of 75–21 on February 2,[94] and on February 3, Obama announced Senator Judd Gregg as his second nomination for Secretary of Commerce.[95] Daschle withdrew later that day amid controversy over his failure to pay income taxes and potential conflicts of interest related to the speaking fees he accepted from health care interests.[96] Solis was later confirmed by a vote of 80-17 on February 24,[97] and Ron Kirk was confirmed on March 18 by a 92-5 vote in the Senate.[98]
Gregg, who was the leading Republican negotiator and author of the TARP program in the Senate, after publication that he had a multi-million dollar investment in the Bank of America, on February 12, withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Commerce, citing "irresolvable conflicts" with President Obama and his staff over how to conduct the 2010 census and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.[99][100] Former Washington governor Gary Locke was nominated on February 26[101] as Obama's third choice for Commerce Secretary and confirmed on March 24 by voice vote.[102]
On March 2, Obama introduced Kansas governor Kathleen Sebelius as his second choice for Secretary of Health and Human Services. He also introduced Nancy-Ann DeParle as head of the new White House Office of Health Reform, which he suggested would work closely with the Department of Health and Human Services.[103][104] At the end of March, Sebelius was the only remaining Cabinet member yet to be confirmed.[102]
Six high-ranking cabinet nominees in the Obama administration had their confirmations delayed or rejected among reports that they did not pay all of their taxes, including Tom Daschle, Obama's original nominee for Health and Human Services Secretary, and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner.[105] Though Geithner was confirmed, and Senator Max Baucus, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, thought Daschle would have been confirmed, Daschle withdrew his nomination on February 3.[96] Obama had nominated Nancy Killefer for the position of Chief Performance Officer, but Killefer also withdrew on February 3, citing unspecified problems with District of Columbia unemployment tax.[106] A senior administration official said that Killefer's tax issues dealt with household help.[106] Hilda Solis, Obama's nominee for Secretary of Labor, faced delayed confirmation hearings due to tax lien concerns pertaining to her husband's auto repair business,[107] but she was later confirmed on February 24.[97] While pundits puzzled over U.S. Trade Representative-designate Ron Kirk's failure to be confirmed by March 2009, it was reported on March 2 that Kirk owed over $10,000 in back taxes. Kirk agreed to pay them in exchange for Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus's aid in speeding up the confirmation process;[108] he was later confirmed on March 18.[98] On March 31, Kathleen Sebelius, Obama's nominee for Health and Human Services secretary, revealed in a letter to the Senate Finance Committee that her Certified Public Accountant found errors in her tax returns for years 2005-2007. She, along with her husband, paid more than $7,000 in back taxes, along with $878 in interest.[109]
Notable non-Cabinet positions[link]
Appointees serve at the pleasure of the President and were nominated by Barack Obama except as noted.
- Chair of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- Sheila Bair1 (2009–2011)
- Special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan
- Richard Holbrooke (2009–2010)
- Marc Grossman (2011–present)
- Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
- Retired General James L. Jones (2009–2011)
- Thomas E. Donilon (2011–present)
- Special envoy to the Middle East
- George J. Mitchell (2009–2011)
- David Hale (2011–present)
- Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Robert Mueller2 (2009–present)
- Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
- Leon Panetta (2009–2011)
- Michael Morell (Acting-2011)
- David Petraeus (2011–present)
- Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
- Christina Romer (2009–2010)
- Austan Goolsbee (2010–2011)
- Alan Krueger (2011–present)
- Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission
- Mary Schapiro (2009–present)
- Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of National Economic Council
- Lawrence Summers (2009–2010)
- Gene Sperling (2011–present)
- Chairman of the Economic Recovery Advisory Board
- Paul Volcker (2009–2011)
- Replaced by Council on Jobs and Competitiveness in 2011
- Chairperson of the Council on Jobs and Competitiveness
- Jeffrey R. Immelt (2011–present)
1Appointed by George W. Bush in 2006 to a five-year term
2Appointed by George W. Bush in 2001 to a ten-year term
Judicial nominees[link]
Main articles: Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates and List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama
United States Supreme Court[link]
Obama appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States:
Further information: List of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States
Other courts[link]
Outside of the Supreme Court, by October 2009, Obama had nominated fewer than two dozen judges to fill judicial vacancies, of which there were close to 100. This has prompted some Democrats to criticize the pace of Obama's judicial appointments as too slow.[110] In December 2009, Senator Patrick Leahy criticized Republicans for stalling those judicial nominations that had been made, noting that the Senate confirmed more district and circuit court nominees during the first year of the George W. Bush administration than it had approved by that point during the Barack Obama presidency.[111]
As of July 2010, Obama's nominees to the district and circuit courts had been confirmed at a rate of only 43.5 percent, compared to 87.2 percent during Bill Clinton's administration and 91.3 percent for George W. Bush. The Center for American Progress, which compiled the data, commented:
Judicial confirmations slowed to a trickle on the day President Barack Obama took office. Filibusters, anonymous holds, and other obstructionary tactics have become the rule. Uncontroversial nominees wait months for a floor vote, and even district court nominees—low-ranking judges whose confirmations have never been controversial in the past—are routinely filibustered into oblivion. Nominations grind to a halt in many cases even after the Senate Judiciary Committee has unanimously endorsed a nominee. [112]
Policies[link]
Economy[link]
Upon entering office, Obama planned to center his attention on handling the global financial crisis.[113] Even before his inauguration he lobbied Congress to pass an economic stimulus bill,[114] which became the top priority during his first month in office.[115] As President, Obama made a high profile trip to Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. to dialog with Congressional Republicans and advocate for the bill.[116] On February 17, 2009, Obama signed into law a $787 billion plan that included spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals.[117] The tax provisions of the law reduced taxes for 98 percent of taxpayers, bringing tax rates to their lowest levels in 60 years.[118]
As part of the 2010 budget proposal, the Obama administration has proposed additional measures to attempt to stabilize the economy, including a $2–3 trillion measure aimed at stabilizing the financial system and freeing up credit. The program includes up to $1 trillion to buy toxic bank assets, an additional $1 trillion to expand a federal consumer loan program, and the $350 billion left in the Troubled Assets Relief Program. The plan also includes $50 billion intended to slow the wave of mortgage foreclosures.[117] The 2011 budget includes a three-year freeze on discretionary spending, proposes several program cancellations, and raises taxes on high income earners to bring down deficits during the economic recovery.[119]
In a July 2009 interview with ABC News, Biden was asked about the sustained increase of the U.S. unemployment rate from May 2007 to October 2009[120] despite the administration's multi-year economic stimulus package passed five months earlier. He responded "The truth is, we and everyone else, misread the economy. The figures we worked off of in January were the consensus figures and most of the blue chip indexes out there ... the truth is, there was a misreading of just how bad an economy we inherited."[121][122] The White House indicates that 2 million jobs were created or saved due to the stimulus package in 2009[123] and self reporting by recipients of the grants, loans, and contracts portion of the package report that the package saved or created 608,317 jobs in the final three months of 2009.[124]
The unemployment rate rose in 2009, reaching a peak in October at 10.1% and averaging 10.0% in the fourth quarter.[125] Following a decrease to 9.7% in the first quarter of 2010, the unemployment rate fell to 9.6% in the second quarter, where it remained for the rest of the year.[125] Between February and December 2010, employment rose by 0.8%, which was less than the average of 1.9% experienced during comparable periods in the past four employment recoveries.[126] GDP growth returned in the third quarter of 2009, expanding at a 1.6% pace, followed by a 5.0% increase in the fourth quarter.[127] Growth continued in 2010, posting an increase of 3.7% in the first quarter, with lesser gains throughout the rest of the year.[127] Overall, the economy expanded at a rate of 2.9% in 2010.[128]
During November–December 2010, Obama and a lame duck session of the 111th Congress focused on a dispute about the temporary Bush tax cuts, which were due to expire at the end of the year. Obama wanted to extend the tax cuts for taxpayers making less than $250,000 a year. Congressional Republicans agreed but also wanted to extend the tax cuts for those making over that amount, and refused to support any bill that did not do so.[129] All the Republicans in the Senate also joined in saying that, until the tax dispute was resolved, they would filibuster to prevent consideration of any other legislation, except for bills to fund the U.S. government.[130][131] On 7 December, Obama strongly defended a compromise agreement he had reached with the Republican congressional leadership that included a two-year extension of all the tax cuts, a 13-month extension of unemployment insurance, a one-year reduction in the FICA payroll tax, and other measures.[132] On December 10, Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) led a filibuster against the compromise tax proposal, which lasted over eight hours.[133] Obama persuaded many wary Democrats to support the bill,[134] but not all; of the 148 votes against the bill in the House, 112 were cast by Democrats and only 36 by Republicans.[135] The $858 billion Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, which The Washington Post called "the most significant tax bill in nearly a decade",[136] passed with bipartisan majorities in both houses of Congress and was signed into law by Obama on December 17, 2010.[134]
Ethics[link]
Lobbying reform[link]
Early in his presidential campaign, Obama stated that "they [lobbyists] won't find a job in my White House", but softened his stance later in the campaign.[137] On January 21, 2009, Obama issued an executive order for all future appointees to his administration, which stated, no appointee who was a registered lobbyist within the two years before his appointment could participate on matters in which he lobbied for a period of two years after the date of appointment.[40] Three formal waivers were initially issued in early 2009, out of 800 executive appointments:[138][139] to William J. Lynn III, a lobbyist for Raytheon, to hold the position of Deputy Secretary of Defense;[34] to Jocelyn Frye, former general counsel at the National Partnership for Women and Families, to serve as Director of Policy and Projects in the Office of the First Lady; and to Cecilia Muñoz, former senior vice president for the National Council of La Raza,[138] to serve as Director of Intergovernmental Affairs in the Executive Office of the President.[139] As of March 21, 2009, at least thirty officials appointed by Obama had been lobbyists in the past five years.[137] Ten additional waivers were announced in September 2009.[140]
Not all recent former lobbyists require waivers; those without waivers write letters of recusal stating issues from which they must refrain because of their previous jobs.[138] USA Today reported that 21 members of the Obama administration have at some time been registered as federal lobbyists, although most have not within the previous two years.[141] Lobbyists in the administration include William Corr, an anti-tobacco lobbyist, as Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services[142] and Tom Vilsack, who lobbied in 2007, for a national teachers union, as Secretary of Agriculture.[141] Also, the Secretary of Labor nominee, Hilda Solis, formerly served as a board member of American Rights at Work, which lobbied Congress on two bills Solis co-sponsored,[143] and Mark Patterson, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner's chief of staff, is a former lobbyist for Goldman Sachs.[141]
The Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington have criticized the administration, claiming that Obama is retreating from his own ethics rules barring lobbyists from working on the issues about which they lobbied during the previous two years by issuing waivers. According to Melanie Sloan, the group's executive director, "It makes it appear that they are saying one thing and doing another."[141]
Transparency[link]
The Obama administration has said that all executive orders, non-emergency legislation, and proclamations will be posted to the official White House website, whitehouse.gov, allowing the public to review and comment for five days before the President signs the legislation.[144] The pledge was twice broken during Obama's first month in office when he signed SCHIP legislation and the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act with less than the full five days of "sunlight before signing". The administration has said that they are still "working through implementation procedures and some initial issues with the congressional calendar".[145][146]
During his first week in office, Obama announced plans to post a video address each week on the site,[44] and on YouTube,[45] informing the public of government actions each week. During his speech at the 2008 Democratic National Convention, Obama stated, "I will also go through the federal budget, line by line, eliminating programs that no longer work and making the ones we do need work better and cost less - because we cannot meet twenty-first century challenges with a twentieth century bureaucracy."[147]
On January 21, 2009, by executive order, Obama revoked Executive Order 13233, which had limited access to the records of former United States Presidents.[148] Obama issued instructions to all agencies and departments in his administration to "adopt a presumption in favor" of Freedom of Information Act requests.[149] In April 2009, the United States Department of Justice released four legal memos from the Bush administration to comply voluntarily with a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union.[150] The memos were written by John Yoo[151] and signed by Jay Bybee and Steven Bradbury, then Principal Assistant Attorneys General to the Department of Justice, and addressed to John A. Rizzo, general counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency.[152] The memos describe in detail controversial interrogation methods the CIA used on prisoners suspected of terrorism.[153][154] Obama became personally involved in the decision to release the memos, which was opposed by former CIA directors Michael Hayden, Porter Goss, George Tenet and John Deutch.[152] Former Vice President Dick Cheney criticized Obama for not releasing more memos; Cheney claimed that unreleased memos detail successes of CIA interrogations.[155]
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act requires all recipients of the funds provided by the act to publish a plan for using the funds, along with purpose, cost, rationale, net job creation, and contact information about the plan to a website Recovery.gov so that the public can review and comment. Inspectors General from each department or executive agency will then review, as appropriate, any concerns raised by the public. Any findings of an Inspector General must be relayed immediately to the head of each department and published on Recovery.gov.[156]
On June 16, 2009, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a lawsuit against the Obama administration in order to get information about the visits of coal company executives. Anne Weismann, the chief counsel for CREW, stated "The Obama administration has now taken exactly the same position as the Bush administration... I don't see how you can keep people from knowing who visits the White House and adhere to a policy of openness and transparency." On June 16, MSNBC reported that its more comprehensive request for visitor logs since Obama's January 20 inauguration had been denied.[157] The administration announced that White House visitor logs will be made available to the public on an ongoing basis, with certain limitations, for visits occurring after September 15, 2009.[158] Beginning on January 29, 2010, the White House did begin to release the names of its visitor records.[159] Since that time, names of visitors (which includes not only tourists, but also names of union leaders, Wall Street executives, lobbyists, party chairs, philanthropists and celebrities), have been released. The names are released in huge batches up to 75,000 names at a time.[160] Names are released 90–120 days after having visited the White House. The complete list of names is available online by accessing the official White House website.[161]
Obama stated during the 2008 Presidential campaign that he would have negotiations for health care reform televised on C-SPAN, citing transparency as being the leverage needed to ensure that people stay involved in the process taking place in Washington. This did not fully happen and Politifact gives President Obama a "Promise Broken" rating on this issue.[162] After White House press secretary Robert Gibbs initially avoided addressing the issue,[163] President Obama himself acknowledged that he met with Democratic leaders behind closed doors to discuss how best to garner enough votes in order to merge the two (House and Senate) passed versions of the health care bill. Doing this violated the letter of the pledge, although Obama maintains that negotiations in several congressional committees were open, televised hearings. Obama also cited an independent ethics watchdog group describe his administration as the most transparent in recent history.[164]
The Obama administration has been characterized[165] as much more aggressive than the Bush and other previous administrations in their response to whistleblowing and leaks to the press. Three people have been prosecuted under the rarely used Espionage Act of 1917. They include Thomas Andrews Drake, a former National Security Agency (NSA) employee who was critical of the NSA's Trailblazer Project,[166][167][168] Stephen Jin-Woo Kim, a State Department contractor who allegedly had a conversation about North Korea with James Rosen of Fox News,[169][170] and Jeffrey Sterling, who allegedly was a source for James Risen's book State of War. Risen has also been subpoenaed to reveal his sources, another rare action by the government.[171]
Foreign policy[link]
Main articles: Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration and List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama
In his inaugural address, Obama suggested that he plans to begin the process of withdrawing from Iraq and continuing to focus on the war in Afghanistan. He also mentioned lessening the nuclear threat through "working tirelessly with old friends and former foes". He spoke about America's determination to combat terrorism, proclaiming America's spirit is "stronger and cannot be broken — you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you." To the Muslim world, Obama extended an invite to "a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect". He also said the USA would "extend a hand" to those "who cling to power through corruption and deceit" if they "are willing to unclench" their fists.[172] Shortly after his inauguration President Obama first called President Abbas of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). Calls were also made to President Mubarak of Egypt, Prime Minister Olmert of Israel and King Abdullah of Jordan.[173] Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton named George Mitchell as Special Envoy for Middle East peace and Richard Holbrooke as special representative to Pakistan and Afghanistan on January 23, 2009.[174] At the same time, Obama called on Israel to open the borders of Gaza, detailing early plans on his administration's peace plans for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[175]
On February 18, 2009, Obama announced that the U.S. military presence in Afghanistan would be bolstered by 17,000 new troops by summer.[176] The announcement followed the recommendation of several experts including Defense Secretary Robert Gates that additional troops be deployed to the war-torn nation.[177][178]
Obama declared his plan for ending the Iraq War on February 27, 2009, in a speech at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, before an audience of Marines stationed there. According to the president, combat troops will be withdrawn from Iraq by August 2010, leaving a contingent of up to 50,000 servicemen and servicewomen to continue training, advisory, and counterterrorism operations until as late as the end of 2011.[179][180]
Other characteristics of the Obama administration on foreign policy include a tough stance on tax havens,[181] continuing military operation in Pakistan,[182] and avowed focus on diplomacy to prevent nuclear proliferation in Iran[183] and North Korea.[184]
On April 1, 2009, Obama and China's President, Hu Jintao, announced the establishment of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and agreed to work together to build a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive U.S.-China relationship for the 21st century.[185]
In that same month, Obama requested that Congress approve $83.4 billion of supplemental military funding, mostly for the war in Iraq and to increase troop levels in Afghanistan. The request also includes $2.2 billion to increase the size of the US military, $350 million to upgrade security along the US-Mexico border, and $400 million in counterinsurgency aid for Pakistan.[186]
In May 2009, it was reported that Obama plans to expand the military by 20,000 employees.[187]
On June 4, 2009, Obama delivered a speech at Cairo University in Egypt.[188] The wide ranging speech called for a "new beginning" in relations between the Islamic world and the United States.[189][190] The speech received both praise and criticism from leaders in the region.[191][192][193][194][195] In March 2010, Secretary of State Clinton criticized the Israeli government for approving expansion of settlements in East Jerusalem.[196]
On April 8, 2010, Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the latest Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), a "major" nuclear arms control agreement that reduces the nuclear weapons stockpiles of both countries.[197]
In March 2011, international reaction to Muammar Gaddafi's military crackdown on rebel forces and civilians in Libya culminated in a United Nations resolution to enforce a no fly zone in Libya. Obama authorized U.S. forces to participate in international air attacks on Libyan air defenses using Tomahawk cruise missiles to establish the protective zone.[198]
Guantánamo Bay detention camp[link]
On his first day in office, Obama requested a 120-day suspension of all trials for alleged terrorists held at the Guantánamo Bay detention camp, so the new administration could "review the military commissions process, generally, and the cases pending before military commissions as of 2011[update], specifically".[199] Another order established a task force to lead a review of detention policies, procedures and individual cases. Obama addressed the State Department that "the United States will not torture" and drafted an executive order to close Guantánamo within a year.[200] On January 22, 2009, Obama signed an executive order ensuring safe, lawful, and humane treatment of individuals detained in armed conflicts. This order restricts interrogators to methods listed and authorized by an Army Field Manual.[201] A detainee released since Obama took office claimed in an interview with Agence France-Presse that conditions at Guantánamo had worsened, stating guards wanted to "take their last revenge" before the facility is closed.[202] On March 13, 2009, the administration announced that it would no longer refer to prisoners at Guantánamo Bay as enemy combatants, but it also asserted that the president has the authority to detain terrorism suspects there without criminal charges.[203]
The case review of detainee files by administration officials and prosecutors was made more difficult than expected as the Bush administration had failed to establish a coherent repository of the evidence and intelligence on each prisoner. By September 2009, prosecutors recommended to the Justice Department which detainees are eligible for trial, and the Justice Department and the Pentagon worked together to determine which of several now-scheduled trials will go forward in military tribunals and which in civilian courts. While 216 international terrorists are already held in maximum security prisons in the U.S., Congress was denying the administration funds to shut down the camp and adapt existing facilities elsewhere, arguing that the decision was "too dangerous to rush".[204] In November, Obama stated that the U.S. would miss the January 2010 date for closing the Guantánamo Bay prison as he had ordered, acknowledging that he "knew this was going to be hard". Obama did not set a specific new deadline for closing the camp, citing that the delay was due to politics and lack of congressional cooperation.[205] The state of Illinois has offered to sell to the federal government the Thomson Correctional Center, a new but largely unused prison, for the purpose of housing detainees. Federal officials testified at a December 23 hearing that if the state commission approves the sale for that purpose, it could take more than six months to ready the facility.[206]
Killing of Osama bin Laden[link]
Main article: Death of Osama bin Laden
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Starting with information received in July 2010, intelligence developed by the CIA over the next several months determined what they believed to be the location of Osama bin Laden in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area 35 miles from Islamabad.[207] CIA head Leon Panetta reported this intelligence to Obama in March 2011.[207] Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs.[207] The operation took place on May 1, 2011, resulting in the death of bin Laden and the seizure of papers and computer drives and disks from the compound.[208][209] Bin Laden's body was identified through DNA testing,[210] and buried at sea several hours later.[211] Within minutes of Obama's announcement from Washington, DC, late in the evening on May 1, there were spontaneous celebrations around the country as crowds gathered outside the White House, and at New York City's Ground Zero and Times Square.[208][212] Reaction to the announcement was positive across party lines, including from predecessors George W. Bush and Bill Clinton,[213] and from many countries around the world.[214]
Overseas Contingency Operation[link]
Obama discontinued use of the term "War on Terror" and instead uses the term "Overseas Contingency Operation". However, Obama has stated that the U.S. is at war with Al-Qaeda, saying "Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred."[215]
In April 2010, the Obama administration authorized the targeted killing of the radical Muslim cleric and American citizen Anwar al-Awlaki, who was believed to have shifted from encouraging attacks on the United States to directly participating in them.[216]
Gun control[link]
During the presidential campaign, Obama announced that he favors measures that respect Second Amendment rights, while at the same time keeping guns away from children and criminals.[217][218] On February 25, 2009, Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Obama administration would seek a new assault weapons ban across the United States, saying that it would have a positive impact on the drug-related violence in Mexico.[219] After the statement drew criticism from the NRA and some House Democrats, the Administration reportedly ordered the Justice Department to end public discussion of the issue.[220] Obama has signed into law two bills containing amendments reducing restrictions on gun owners, one which permits guns to be transported in checked baggage on Amtrak trains[221] and another which allows carrying loaded firearms in national parks located in states allowing concealed carry.[222][223]
See also: Operation Fast and Furious
Science and technology[link]
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Wikinews has related news: NSA to participate in U.S. cybersecurity |
Cybersecurity[link]
Obama initiated a 60-day review of cybersecurity[224] by Melissa Hathaway, a consultant for Booz Allen Hamilton, appointed Acting Senior Director for Cyberspace.[225][226]
The New York Times reported in 2009, that the NSA is intercepting communications of American citizens including a Congressman, although the Justice Department believed that the NSA had corrected its errors.[227] United States Attorney General Eric Holder resumed the wiretapping according to his understanding of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 that Congress passed in July 2008, but without explaining what had occurred.[228]
Environment[link]
On January 27, 2009, Obama issued two presidential memoranda concerning energy policy. One directed the Department of Transportation to raise fuel efficiency standards incrementally to 35 miles per US gallon (15 km/L) by 2020, and the other directed the Environmental Protection Agency to allow individual states to set stricter tailpipe emissions regulations than the federal standard.[41][229]
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provides $54 billion in funds to double domestic renewable energy production, renovate federal buildings making them more energy-efficient, improve the nation's electricity grid, repair public housing, and weatherize modest-income homes.[230]
On February 10, 2009, Obama overturned a Bush administration policy that had opened up a five-year period of offshore drilling for oil and gas near both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar has been quoted as saying, "To establish an orderly process that allows us to make wise decisions based on sound information, we need to set aside" the plan "and create our own timeline".[231]
On May 19, 2009, Obama announced a plan to increase the Corporate Average Fuel Economy national standards for gasoline mileage, by creating a single new national standard that will create a car and light truck fleet in the United States that is almost 40 percent cleaner and more fuel-efficient by 2016, than it is today, with an average of 35.5 miles per gallon.[232] Environmental advocates and industry officials welcomed the new program, but for different reasons. Environmentalists called it a long-overdue tightening of emissions and fuel economy standards after decades of government delay and industry opposition. Auto industry officials said it would provide the single national efficiency standard they have long desired, a reasonable timetable to meet it and the certainty they need to proceed with product development plans.[232]
On March 30, 2010, Obama partially reinstated Bush administration proposals to open certain offshore areas along the Atlantic coastline, the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the north coast of Alaska to oil and natural gas drilling. The proposals had earlier been set aside by President Obama after they were challenged in court on environmental grounds.[233]
On May 27, 2010, Obama extended a moratorium on offshore drilling permits after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill which is considered to be the worst oil spill in U.S. history.[234][235] Although BP took responsibility for the disaster and its ongoing after effects, Obama began a federal investigation along with forming a bipartisan commission to review the incident and methods to avoid it in the future.[236][237][238] Obama visited the Gulf Coast on May 2 and May 28 and expressed his frustration on the June 8 NBC Today Show, by saying "I don't sit around just talking to experts because this is a college seminar. We talk to these folks because they potentially have the best answers, so I know whose ass to kick."[239] Obama's response to the disaster drew confusion and criticism within segments of the media and public.[240]
NASA[link]
Main article: Space policy of the Barack Obama administration
Obama set up the Augustine panel to review the Constellation program in 2009, and announced in February 2010, that he was cutting the program from the 2011 United States federal budget, describing it as "over budget, behind schedule, and lacking in innovation."[241][242][243][244][245] After the decision drew criticism in the United States, a new "Flexible path to Mars" plan was unveiled at a space conference in April 2010.[246][247][248] It included new technology programs, increased R&D spending, a focus on the International Space Station and contracting out flying crew to space to commercial providers.[249] The new plan also increased NASA's 2011 budget to $19 billion from $18.3 billion in 2010.[246]
In July 2009, Obama appointed Charles Bolden, a former astronaut, to be administrator of NASA.[250]
Stem cell research[link]
On March 9, 2009, Obama repealed a Bush-era policy that prevented federal tax dollars from being used to fund research on new lines of embryonic stem cells. Such research has been a matter of debate between those who emphasize the therapeutic potential of such research and those who suggest that elements of this research breach ethical limitations. Obama stated that "In recent years, when it comes to stem cell research, rather than furthering discovery, our government has forced what I believe is a false choice between sound science and moral values...In this case, I believe the two are not inconsistent. As a person of faith, I believe we are called to care for each other and work to ease human suffering. I believe we have been given the capacity and will to pursue this research — and the humanity and conscience to do so responsibly."[251]
Social policy[link]
On January 23, 2009, Obama rescinded the Mexico City Policy, a measure from the Reagan and Bush eras that required any non-governmental organization receiving U.S. Government funding to refrain from performing or promoting abortion services in other countries.[252]
On June 17, 2009, Obama authorized the extension of some benefits (but not health insurance or pension benefits) to same-sex partners of federal employees.[253] Obama has chosen to leave larger changes, such as the repeal of Don't ask, don't tell and the Defense of Marriage Act, to Congress.[254][255]
On October 19, 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a directive to federal prosecutors in states with medical marijuana laws not to investigate or prosecute cases of marijuana use or production done in compliance with those laws.[256]
On December 16, 2009, President Obama signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, which repealed a 21-year-old ban on federal funding of needle exchange programs.[257]
On December 22, 2010, Obama signed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, a bill that provides for repeal of the Don't ask, don't tell policy of 1993, that has prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the United States Armed Forces.[258] Repealing "Don't ask, don't tell" had been a key campaign promise that Obama had made during the 2008 presidential campaign.[259][260]
Health care reform[link]
See also: Health care reform in the United States
Once the stimulus bill was enacted, health care reform became Obama's top domestic priority. On July 14, 2009, House Democratic leaders introduced a 1,000 page plan for overhauling the US health care system, which Obama wanted Congress to approve by the end of the year.[261]
The U.S. Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated the ten-year cost to the federal government of the major insurance-related provisions of the bill at approximately $1.0 trillion.[262] In mid-July 2009, Douglas Elmendorf, director of the CBO, testified that the proposals under consideration would significantly increase federal spending and did not include the "fundamental changes" needed to control the rapid growth in health care spending.[263][264] However after reviewing the final version of the bill introduced after 14 months of debate the CBO estimated that it would reduce federal budget deficits by $143 billion over 10 years and by more than a trillion in the next decade.[265]
After much public debate during the Congressional summer recess of 2009, Obama delivered a speech to a joint session of Congress on September 9 where he addressed concerns over his administration's proposals.[266] In March 2010, Obama gave several speeches across the country to argue for the passage of health care reform.[267][268] On March 21, 2010, after Obama announced an executive order reinforcing the current law against spending federal funds for elective abortion services, the House, by a vote of 219 to 212, passed the version of the bill previously passed on December 24, 2009, by a 60-vote supermajority in the Senate. The bill, which includes over 200 Republican amendments, was passed without a single Republican vote. On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the bill into law. Immediately following the bill's passage, the House voted in favor of a reconciliation measure to make significant changes and corrections to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was passed by both houses with two minor alterations on March 25, 2010, and signed into law on March 30, 2010.[269][270]
Education reform[link]
On March 30, 2010, Obama signed the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, which ended the role of private banks in lending out federally-insured student loans.[271] By directly lending to students, the government is projected to save taxpayers $68 billion dollars over the next several years.[272] Federally-insured student loans will instead be distributed by the Department of Education.[273] The law also increased the amount of Pell Grant awards given each year, doubling its current funding.[274][275] Starting in 2014, the law permits borrowers to cap the amount they spend on student loans each year to ten percent of their discretionary income and have their balance forgiven if they have faithfully paid the balance of their loan over 20 years.[274][276] Additionally, the law seeks to make it easier for parents to qualify for Grad PLUS loans, and spends billions on poor and minority schools and $2 billion for community colleges.[272][273]
Gates arrest controversy[link]
Further information: Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy
From left to right: Gates, Crowley, and President Obama.
Photo taken before Vice President Biden's arrival.
On July 16, 2009, prominent African American Harvard University professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., was arrested at his Cambridge, Massachusetts home by a local white police officer, Cambridge Police Sgt. James Crowley, for disorderly conduct. Gates, who was locked out of his house, had attempted to break into his own property, thus causing the initial alarm from a neighbor who called 9-1-1. The incident sparked national controversy over whether Gates's civil rights had been violated by Crowley. On July 21, the Cambridge Police Department dropped charges against Gates. On July 22, President Barack Obama, commented on the incident over national and international television, criticized the arrest, and stated the police acted "stupidly" in handling the incident. National law enforcement organizations and members objected to Obama's comments and criticized his handling of the issue. In the aftermath, Obama stated that he regretted his comments exacerbating the situation, and hoped that the situation could become a "teachable moment". To reduce tensions, on July 24, Obama invited both parties to the White House to discuss the issue over beers, and on July 30, Obama and Vice President Joe Biden joined Crowley and Gates in a private, cordial meeting in a courtyard near the White House Rose Garden; this became known colloquially as the "Beer Summit".[277]
Wall Street reform[link]
On July 21, 2010, Obama signed Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, considered to be the largest financial system overhaul since the New Deal. The law recognizes complex financial derivatives and makes rules to protect consumers from unfair practices in loans and credit cards by establishing a new consumer protection agency. At the signing ceremony in the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington D.C. Obama proclaimed, "There will be no more taxpayer-funded bailouts. Period." Obama also mentioned that "These reforms represent the strongest consumer financial protections in history." At the ceremony were Sen. Christopher Dodd, D-Conn., and Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., the two committee chairmen who sponsored the bill.[278]
2010 midterm elections[link]
Due in large part to voter frustration over high unemployment and a stalled economy, Republicans won control of the House in the 2010 midterm elections. On reflection after the election, Obama blamed himself, in part, for the many Democrats who went down to defeat knowing that they had risked their careers to support his agenda of economic stimulus legislation and a landmark health care bill.[279] Democrats narrowly retained the Senate majority and will continue to control it through the 112th Congress.[280]
Obama called the elections "humbling" and a "shellacking".[281] He said that the results came because not enough Americans had felt the effects of the economic recovery.[282]
2012 re-election campaign[link]
On April 4, 2011, President Obama announced that he would seek re-election in the 2012 presidential election. The campaign will be based in Chicago and is being run by many former members of the White House staff and members of the successful 2008 campaign.[283]
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External links[link]
*"President Barack Obama: The Man and His Journey"
- "Obama's People" (photography: Nadav Kander)
- The Official White House YouTube page
- "President Barack Obama's Inaugural Address". The White House.
- "Wrapping Up Open for Questions". The White House.
- "President Obama's State of the Union Address" C-SPAN.
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